title: Climacteric in untreated isolated growth hormone deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the time, intensity of symptoms, hormonal profile, and related morbidity of climacteric in women with untreated isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency (IGHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women belonging to a large Brazilian kindred with IGHD due to a homozygous mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene were studied. None of them had ever received GH replacement therapy. A two-step protocol was performed. In the first case-control experiment, aimed to determine the age at climacteric, we compared eight women with IGHD and 32 normal women between 37 and 55 years of age. In the second cross-sectional experiment, aimed to determine the severity of climacteric symptoms, seven women with IGHD (aged 47-65 y) were compared with 13 controls (aged 44-65 y). The Kupperman Index scores, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and estradiol levels were determined, and pelvic and mammary ultrasonography, mammography, and colpocytology were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of women with follicle-stimulating hormone above 20 mIU/mL was higher in women with IGHD than controls. Kupperman's Index was not different between the two groups. Menarche had been delayed and parity was lower in women with IGHD. Hormonal profile was similar, but prolactin was lower in women with IGHD. Uterine volume was smaller in women with IGHD, and endometrial thickness and ovarian volume were similar in the two groups. No difference in breast images or in colpocytology was observed between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Menarche was delayed and the beginning of climacteric is anticipated in untreated lifetime IGHD, but menopausal symptoms and hormonal profile resemble the normal climacteric.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil.
authors.forename: Menilson
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvatori
authors.forename: Carla R P
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Rossana M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Anita H O
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Luciana M A
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nobrega
authors.forename: Edla A C
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Erica O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Manuel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aguiar-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002979:Climacteric; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone