title: Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a common congenital malformation of the soft palate which may present as velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), which can affect the quality and intelligibility of speech. Surgical techniques, which can be used to reconstruct these structural or anatomical defects and to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency, include palatal repair and procedures that rearrange the muscle attachments of the soft palate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide reliable evidence regarding the effectiveness of surgical interventions to treat velopharyngeal insufficiency and improve speech in patients with submucous cleft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 21st December 2006); Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group Trials Register (on 12th March 2007); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 4); MEDLINE (from 1966 to 21st December 2006); EMBASE (from 1980 to 21st December 2006); and CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO (on 7th March 2007).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials comparing surgical interventions to correct velopharyngeal insufficiency in submucous cleft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Limited data from one included trial precluded pooling of data, and only a descriptive summary is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review included one trial, involving 72 participants aged 4 to 7 years with submucous cleft palate associated velopharyngeal insufficiency, which compared minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty (MIPP) to MIPP with additional velopharyngeal surgery, either pharyngeal flap (32) or sphincter pharyngoplasty (3). The trial provided no information about post-operative speech assessment, very limited data on any instrumental assessments and there were no reports of obstructive sleep apnoea or other adverse effects after the interventions. Complete closure occurred in 32 (86%) of the participants in the MIPP group and in 31 (89%) in the additional treatment group, P > 0.05. After eliminating the nine patients with residual velopharyngeal insufficiency, the post-operative gap size during closure was 7.4 +/-3.2% in the MIPP group and 8 +/-4.1% in the additional intervention group (P > 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trial provided some weak and unreliable evidence that there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of minimal incision palatopharyngoplasty versus the same procedure performed simultaneously with an individually tailored pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty for correcting velopharyngeal insufficiency associated with submucous cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Dental School, Afrigha Street, West Ghobadian, No 4.58, App 4, Tehran, Iran, 1968936118. Monalisa1n@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fedorowicz
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nouri
mesh_terms: D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*