title: [Effect of Penicillium marneffei on TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 expression and TNF-alpha production in macrophage].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of heat-killed Penicillium marneffei (PM) on the expressions of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and dendritic cell associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1)and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). in mouse peritoneal macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured in the presence of heat-killed yeast-phase PM for 24 h, and the average fluorescence intensity of TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 in the macrophages was detected using flow cytometry. Fluorescent staining of the macrophages was performed to observe the fluorescence of TLR-2, TLR-4, and Dectin-1 with confocal microscopy. TNF-alpha mRNA in the cell culture supernatant was measured with real-time PCR, and TNF-alpha protein detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average fluorescence intensity of TLR-2, TLR-4 and Dectin-1 in the macrophages was increased in response to a 24-h PM stimulation, and the stimulated macrophages produced large amounts of TNF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PM up-regulates the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4 and Dectin-1 in mouse peritoneal macrophages, and their expressions are directly associated with macrophage activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. zhaowenjie1972@sohu.com
authors.forename: Wen-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Li-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000099181:Dectin-1