title: Relationship between substances in seminal plasma and Acrobeads Test results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To asses the effects of seminal plasma on sperm function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fourteen infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acrobeads Test scores (0-4) and measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor-beta I, superoxide dismutase, calcitonin, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels in seminal plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the concentrations of substances as a nonparametric test for differences among Acrobeads Test scores and a multivariable logistic regression model to find independent risk factors associated with abnormal Acrobeads Test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Acrobeads Test score was 0 for 7 samples, 1 for 20 samples, 2 for 18 samples, 3 for 28 samples, and 4 for 41 samples. Age, abstinence period, and semen parameters, except for sperm motility and percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology, had no effect on the Acrobeads Test results. Concentrations of IGF-I and MIF were significantly higher in patients with abnormal Acrobeads Test results. Multivariate analysis indicated that MIF and IGF-I were significantly associated with abnormal Acrobeads Test results (scores 0 to 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although further studies are needed, IGF-I and MIF in seminal plasma may have negative effects on sperm function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000502:physiology; D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000502:physiology; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D004542:Ejaculation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D012661:Semen / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D002116:Calcitonin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase