title: Sex-stratified linkage analysis identifies a female-specific locus for IgE to cockroach in Costa Ricans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The basis for gender influences on allergen-specific IgEs is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform regular and sex-stratified genomewide linkage analyses of IgE to each of three allergens (Ascaris lumbricoides, Blatella germanica [German cockroach]), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [dust mite]) and to conduct an association study of a candidate gene in a linked genomic region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomewide linkage analyses of allergen-specific IgEs were conducted in 653 members of eight large families of Costa Rican children with asthma. An analysis of the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IgE measurements was conducted in 417 parent-child trios in Costa Rica. Significant results were replicated in 470 families of white children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all subjects, there was suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD >/= 2.72) to IgE to Ascaris (on chromosome 7q) and IgE to dust mite (on chromosomes 7p and 12q). In a sex-stratified analysis, there was significant evidence of linkage to IgE to cockroach on chromosome 5q23 (peak LOD, 4.14 at 127 cM) in female subjects. TSLP is located within the 1.5 LOD-unit support interval for this linkage peak and has female-specific effects on lung disease in mice. In a sex-stratified analysis, the T allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2289276 in TSLP was associated with reductions in IgE to cockroach (in Costa Rican girls) and total IgE (in girls in Costa Rica and in CAMP; P value for sex-by-genotype interaction, <0.01 in both studies).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with findings in murine models, a variant in TSLP may have female-specific effects on allergic phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hunninghake
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lasky-Su
authors.forename: Manuel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soto-Quirós
authors.forename: Lydiana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Mitzi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spesny
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Jody S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.forename: Nelson B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Freimer
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Klanderman
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Raby
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Celedón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000276:immunology*; D003364:Costa Rica; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin