Transcriptional regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and liver X receptors.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) regulate a plethora of biologic processes and key metabolic and physiologic events. Deregulation of their transcription and activity is commonly associated with dyslipidemic disorders, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This review addresses recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating transcription of these nuclear receptors. The heterogeneity of factors regulating their transcription and activity suggests intricate regulatory networks that determine their tissue expression pattern and their responses to pharmacologic agents. Understanding such mechanisms will facilitate unraveling their protective effects in disease as well as the design of effective targeted therapies.
Villacorta
Luis
L
Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Garcia-Barrio
Minerva T
MT
Chen
Yuqing E
YE
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000502:physiology; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D037761:Sirtuins