title: Chronic treatment with a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor suppresses apoptosis of corporal smooth muscle by potentiating Akt signalling in a rat model of diabetic erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether chronic treatment with a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5I) could suppress corporal apoptosis via potentiation of Akt signalling in diabetic erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats (12 wk old) were divided into three groups (n=12 in each): normal control, diabetes (DM), and diabetes treated with PDE5I (DM+PDE5I). The rats in the diabetic groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg), and from 8 wk after establishment of diabetes, DM and DM+PDE5I were treated with vehicle and PDE5I (SK-3530, 10mg/kg), respectively, for 4 wk. After 12 wk of streptozotocin injections, six rats in each group underwent cavernosometry with cavernous nerve electrostimulation (2V, 0.2 ms, 50s, 2.5-20 Hz). The penile tissues from the remaining six rats were used for immunohistochemical evaluation of apoptosis, immunoblotting for the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream molecule Bad, and a colorimetric assay of caspase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats in the DM group showed markedly lower erectile parameters than those in the control group, whereas rats in the DM+PDE5I group showed normalized results. Despite persistent hyperglycaemia, PDE5I treatment significantly reduced the mean apoptotic index (39.6+/-4.6 vs. 21.3+/-1.7, p<0.05). Densitometry revealed significantly higher levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro-apoptotic stimuli. PDE5I treatment also significantly inhibited the activities of cavernosal caspase 3 and caspase 9, the main effectors of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic treatment with PDE5I activated Akt signalling, which suppressed pro-apoptotic stimuli and maintained erectile function in rat model of diabetic erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwanjin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyong Shin
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Wen Ji
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Soo Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Paick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects*; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C518762:2-(5-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)-2-n-propoxyphenyl)-5-ethyl-7-n-propyl-3,5-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo(3,2-d)pyrimidin-4-one dihydrochloride; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013450:Sulfones; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt