title: Activation of store-operated Ca(2+) channels in trabecular meshwork cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In nonexcitable cells, G(q)-coupled membrane receptor activation induces a biphasic increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) expressed as an initial IP(3)-dependent release from intracellular stores followed by a sustained Ca(2+) influx from the extracellular space that involves store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs). In trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, contractile agonists such as bradykinin (BK) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce this type of Ca(2+) signaling. Given that trabecular outflow is modified by tissue contractility, the authors characterized SOCs and studied their participation in TM cell contractility.
  
  
  METHODS
  [Ca(2+)](i) was measured in cultured bovine TM cells loaded with Fura-2. Ca(2+) currents were recorded using the patch clamp technique. Cell contractility measurements were assessed by traction microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BK and ET-1 activate a store-operated Ca(2+) entry that was greatly reduced in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) or by preincubation with SOC blocker 2-APB or SKF96365. Store-operated Ca(2+) currents were also activated by intracellular dialysis with IP(3) + EGTA or after stimulation with thapsigargin. Electrophysiological characterization supports the presence of Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels (CRACs) and nonselective cation channels, of which TRPC1 and TRPC4 channels may be candidate TRPs detected in TM cells. Extracellular Ca(2+) entry through SOCs is not required for TM cell contraction in response to BK or ET-1, but it modulates this process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracellular Ca(2+) entry in TM cells in response to agonist stimulation and store-depletion is mediated by the activation of SOCs, which do not contribute to cell contraction but which may activate regulatory mechanisms to prevent excessive contraction. CRAC and TRPC channels involved represent interesting modulators of TM function to improve aqueous humor outflow.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorente
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gavara
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Arcadi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gual
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gasull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2