title: Altered body composition in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify differences in amount and distribution of fat and lean soft tissue in a cross-sectional study of subjects with and without type 2 diabetes and to determine whether any differences are affected by race/ethnicity or sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight and obese (body mass index, BMI > or = 25 kg m(-2)) Black, White and Hispanic men (490) and women (825) with type 2 diabetes ((mean+/-s.d.) age 58.5+/-6.6; BMI 35.3+/-5.3) who had a baseline dual energy X-ray absorptiometry whole-body scan at the time of enrollment in the Look AHEAD clinical trial, and 242 healthy controls, 91 males and 151 females (age 55.3+/-8.6 years, BMI 30.7+/-4.2 kg m(-2)) who were participating in unrelated research and were scanned on the same densitometers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted for gender, age, race, clinical site and body size, total fat mass was smaller in persons with type 2 diabetes than in controls (-1.4+/-0.3 (s.e.); 34.5 vs 35.8 kg, P<0.001) while trunk fat was larger (1.3+/-0.2 (s.e.); 19.9 vs 18.6 kg, P<0.001) and leg fat was smaller (-1.5+/-0.2 (s.e.); 10.7 vs 12.3 kg, P<0.001). The arms of subjects with type 2 diabetes did not have significantly less fat compared to controls. Adjusted trunk lean mass was larger in type 2 diabetes by 0.6 kg (28.4 vs 27.8 kg, P<0.001) while leg lean was smaller by 0.5 kg (18.1 vs 18.6 kg, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetes is associated with less total fat, leg fat and leg lean mass and more truncal fat and lean mass than controls. The physiological processes producing these deviations in tissue distribution and their metabolic significance warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heshka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruggiero
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foreyt
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012044:Regression Analysis