title: Effect of (R)-salsolinol and N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol on the balance impairment between dopamine and acetylcholine in rat brain: involvement in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, affects at least 1% of population above the age of 65. Although the specific etiology of PD remains unclear, recently the endogenous neurotoxins such as (R)-salsolinol [(R)-Sal] and N-methyl-(R)-salsolinol [(R)-NMSal] have been thought to play a major role in PD. Much interest is focused on the degeneration of dopamine neurons induced by these neurotoxins. However, little literature is available on the impact of endogenous neurotoxins on the balance between dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh).
  
  
  METHODS
  After injection of (R)-Sal or (R)-NMSal into the rat brain striatum, the concentrations of DA and its metabolites were detected by HPLC with electrochemical detection. We assessed the influence of neurotoxins on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and developed a microdialysis-electrochemical device to measure ACh concentrations with enzyme-modified electrodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (R)-Sal and (R)-NMSal led to concentration-dependent decreases in the activity of AChE. ACh concentrations in striatum treated with (R)-Sal or (R)-NMSal were increased to 131.7% and 239.8% of control, respectively. As to the dopaminergic system, (R)-NMSal caused a significant decrease in DA concentrations and (R)-Sal reduced the concentrations of DA metabolites in the striatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (R)-Sal and (R)-NMSal exerted a considerable effect on the balance between DA and ACh by impairing the cholinergic system as well as the dopaminergic system. It is likely that the disruption of balance between DA and ACh plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurotoxin-induced PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiaohong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yarui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Qingjiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Litong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Longnian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; C089303:N-methylsalsolinium; C036617:salsolinol; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; D004298:Dopamine