title: Responses of the ciliates tetrahymena and paramecium to vertebrate odorants and tastants.
abstract: The ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium respond to strong depolarizing stimuli with Ca(2+)-based action potentials, ciliary reversals, and consequent bouts of backward and forward swimming called "avoidance reactions" (ARs). We found that several representative tastants and odorants cause repetitive ARs in Tetrahymena and Paramecium at low (nM to microM) concentrations. Tetrahymena responded well to capsaicin, quinine, quinacrine, denatonium benzoate, eugenol, piperine, chloroquine, carvacrol, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and menthol. Chemosensory adaptation was seen with carvacrol, eugenol, quinacrine, and capsaicin. Cross-adaptation was seen between some of these compounds, suggesting possible similarities in their chemosensory transduction or adaptation pathways. Paramecium only responded well to AITC, quinacrine, piperine, and eugenol (with the effective concentration for 50% response [EC(50)] values in the microM range) while chemosensory adaptation was only seen to eugenol in Paramecium, suggesting possible species differences. Tetrahymena and Paramecium may have primitive receptors that can recognize these and other compounds or some of these compounds can act independently of specific receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Amherst, New York, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Markle
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hennessey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002633:Chemotaxis; D009068:Movement; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016805:Paramecium tetraurelia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013768:Tetrahymena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals