title: Neuroprotective effects of an extract from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neuronal cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein-free extracts from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus (Rosemorgen and Neurotropin are widely employed to combat chronic pain and treat allergic conditions in human subjects in Japan. However, the pharmacologic mechanisms of Rosemorgen and Neurotropin remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we examined the effects of Rosemorgen on L-glutamic acid (Glu)-induced cell death in N18-RE-105 neural cell line, which only possessed non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were many large cytoplasmic cells and elongation of fivers in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) additional group without Glu. In PBS and Glu simultaneous additional group, the survival ratio was decrease significantly compared with PBS alone group. Moreover, there were dead cells which did not have cytoplasm and aggregated nucleus. The Glu-induced cell death of N18-RE-105 cells was inhibited by both pre-treatment (24 hours before Glu treatment) and simultaneous treatment with Rosemorgen. There were many large cytoplasmic cells and elongation of fivers in Rosemorgen group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From this finding in N18-RE-105 cells, Rosemorgen was concluded to inhibit Glu-induced cell death via non-NMDA type receptors. One of the pharmacologic mechanisms of Rosemorgen has been clear. These results suggest that Rosemorgen depresses allodynia and chronic pain through interaction with non-NMDA type receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. tatsuki@med.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satou
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsubaki
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D053144:Cell Nucleus Shape / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D006825:Hybridomas; D051379:Mice; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002457:Cell Extracts; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C531086:rosemorgen; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C010491:neurotropin