title: Direct antiangiogenic actions of cadmium on human vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: The vascular endothelium is a primary target of cadmium (Cd) toxicity, but little is known regarding a potential mechanism whereby Cd may inhibit angiogenesis. Recent findings showing that Cd can disrupt cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion suggested that Cd might inhibit angiogenesis by altering the function of VE-cadherin, a molecule that is essential for angiogenesis. To address this issue, endothelial cells (ECs) were exposed to Cd in the presence of serum and subjected to angiogenesis-related cell migration and tube formation assays. Initial examination of cytotoxicity showed that ECs are rather resistant to the acute cytotoxic effects of Cd even at concentrations up to 1 mM. However, 10 microM Cd decreased migration of ECs. Cd concentrations of 500 nM and greater significantly reduced organization of microvascular ECs into tubes. These antiangiogenic effects were evident even when ECs were preincubated with Cd and then washed to remove free Cd, indicating that Cd acted directly on the cells rather than on the extracellular matrix. Immunolocalization studies showed that Cd caused the redistribution of VE-cadherin from cell to cell contacts. These findings indicate that Cd acts in an angiostatic manner on ECs, and that this effect may involve alterations in the localization and function of VE-cadherin.
authors.affiliation: Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States. jwoods@midwestern.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klosowska
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lamar
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Shaknovsky
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Prozialeck
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D015820:Cadherins; D002104:Cadmium