title: Polarization microscopy.
abstract: This unit provides an introduction to polarization microscopy, the optics involved, and practical considerations for observing submicroscopic structures. The unit also includes specific examples for visualization of microtubules in the mitotic spindle, chromatin within maturing spermatids, and the biocrystalline skeletal spicules in larval echinoderms.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoué
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001718:Birefringence; D002477:Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design