title: Visfatin, low-grade inflammation and body mass index (BMI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visfatin is an adipokine with revealing roles in inflammatory mechanisms but its implication in inflammation related to excessive adiposity/obesity is not studied yet. Our aim was to investigate the relations of visfatin with inflammation markers and body mass index (BMI) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a type of cells closely related to inflammatory mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study, quantification of visfatin, TNF-alpha, IL-6 mRNA in PBMCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three supposed healthy individuals from the STANISLAS cohort, belonging in three BMI categories: BMI < 25 kg/m(2) (lean), 25 kg/m(2) <or= BMI < 30 kg/m(2) (overweight) or BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2) (obese).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured visfatin gene expression (by real-time quantitative PCR), in relation to gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 in PBMCs and to anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, waist : hip ratio), blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, lymphocyte count).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visfatin expression in PBMCs was significantly associated with BMI in a negative way (r = -0.21, P = 0.05). Global anova analysis test for lean and over-weight/obese individuals showed a negative significant association between visfatin expression in PBMCs and BMI both for men and women (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively) and these associations remained significant after separating subjects in three groups (lean, overweight, obese) for men and women (P = 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). Correlation analysis between levels of expression of visfatin and TNF-alpha showed a significant positive linear association (r(2) = 0.27, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reveal a probable new role of visfatin in inflammation reflected in PBMCs, in the context of obesity.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 9501, Equipe, Génétique Cardiovasculaire, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samara
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Berangère
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Visvikis-Siest
mesh_terms: D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human