title: Oxidative stress induced by cerium oxide nanoparticles in cultured BEAS-2B cells.
abstract: Cerium oxide nanoparticles of different sizes (15, 25, 30, 45 nm) were prepared by the supercritical synthesis method, and cytotoxicity was evaluated using cultured human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Exposure of the cultured cells to nanoparticles (5, 10, 20, 40 microg/ml) led to cell death, ROS increase, GSH decrease, and the inductions of oxidative stress-related genes such as heme oxygenase-1, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase. The increased ROS by cerium oxide nanoparticles triggered the activation of cytosolic caspase-3 and chromatin condensation, which means that cerium oxide nanoparticles exert cytotoxicity by an apoptotic process. Uptake of the nanoparticles to the cultured cells was also tested. It was observed that cerium oxide nanoparticles penetrated into the cytoplasm and located in the peri-region of the nucleus as aggregated particles, which may induce the direct interaction between nanoparticles and cellular molecules to cause adverse cellular responses.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, 23-1, Wolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young-Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwangsik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione