title: Interventions for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twin-twin transfusion syndrome, a condition affecting monochorionic twin pregnancies, is associated with a high risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. A number of treatments have been introduced to treat the condition but it is unclear which intervention improves maternal and fetal outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review was to evaluate the impact of treatment modalities in twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (October 2007) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4). We also searched conference proceedings and made personal contact with experts active in the area of the review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised and quasi-randomised studies of amnioreduction versus laser coagulation, septostomy versus laser coagulation or septostomy versus amnioreduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  One review author assessed eligibility and extracted data, which were checked by a second author. We contacted study authors for additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two studies (213 women) were included. This review shows that laser coagulation of anastomotic vessels results in less death of both infants per pregnancy (relative risk (RR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.67, one trial), less perinatal death (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.0.40 to 0.87 adjusted for cluster, one trial) and less neonatal death (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.61 adjusted for cluster, one trial) than in pregnancies treated with amnioreduction. There is no difference in perinatal outcome between amnioreduction and septostomy. A third study is awaiting assessment. More babies were alive without neurological abnormality at the age of six months in the laser group than the amnioreduction groups (RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.35 adjusted for clustering, one trial). This difference did not persist beyond six months of age. There was no significant difference in the babies alive at six months with neurological abnormality treated by laser coagulation or amnioreduction (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.18 to 1.86 adjusted for clustering, one trial).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic laser coagulation of anastomotic vessels should be considered in the treatment of all stages of twin-twin transfusion syndrome to improve perinatal outcome. Further research on the effect of treatment on milder forms of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (Quintero stage 1 and 2) are required. The long-term outcomes of survivors from the studies included in this review are required.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Crown Street, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK L8 7SS. devender.roberts@lwh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gates
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000379:methods; D000650:Amnion / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D054238:Perinatal Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal / Q000379:methods; D011677:Punctures; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic