title: Subjective effect of September 11, 2001 among pregnant women: is cumulative history of interpersonal violence important?
abstract: Prior history of trauma may sensitize individuals to subsequent trauma, including terrorist attacks. Using a convenience sample of secondary, cross-sectional data, pregnant women were grouped based on lifetime interpersonal violence history. Cumulative risk theory was used to evaluate the association of lifetime interpersonal violence history and subjective impact of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorists attacks. Using hierarchical linear regression, cumulative risk theory was partially supported. Women with a history of only one type of interpfersonal violence reported greater effect of 9/11 than did women without a history, but women with both types of violence did not report a greater effect of 9/11 compared to women endorsing history of one type. These data corroborate the literature in that level of exposure to terrorist-related trauma predicts subjective reaction to the attacks. Future research with a larger sample and standardized instruments is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University, College of Social Work, OH 43212, USA. lewis.998@osu.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Marianne R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016014:Linear Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology*; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health