title: Short-period effects of zirconia and titanium on osteoblast microRNAs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, functional, noncoding RNAs of 19 to 23 nucleotides which induce degradation of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thus controlling the translational process (ie, synthesis of proteins from mRNAs). In addition, mRNAs regulate the promoter of specific miRNAs activating an autoregulatory feedback loop.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Titanium and zirconium dioxide ceramics (ZDCs) are used to make dental implants. Because the molecular mechanism by which ZDC and Ti act on osteoblasts is incompletely understood, we attempted to get more information by comparing the effect of ZDC and Ti on osteoblast miRNAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using miRNA microarray technique, we identified in osteoblast-like cell line (MG63) grown on grade 3 Ti and ZDC disks several miRNAs whose expression was modified. We collected mRNAs after 24 hours of cell culturing to better understand molecular events related to early bone healing around inserted implants. An mRNA microarray technique was then performed as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were six up- and four down-regulated miRNAs. Because every miRNA regulates hundreds of genes, we focused only on those related to bone formation. Among them, the most notable are BMP4 and 7, which are both up-regulated in osteoblasts cultured on Ti disks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detected miRNAs differentially expressed in osteoblast-like cells grown on ZDC versus Ti act on a limited number of miRNAs and bone-related genes. The most notable are BMP4 and 7, which are more expressed in osteoblasts exposed to Ti surface. Consequently, we suggest that Ti surfaces could provide some advantages to immediate load implantology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology, University of Bologna and Center of Molecular Genetics, CARISBO Foundation, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pezzetti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scapoli
authors.forename: Macella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arlotti
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerzoni
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carinci
mesh_terms: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D034622:RNA Interference; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015040:Zirconium / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D051957:MSX1 Transcription Factor; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D014025:Titanium; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015040:Zirconium; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525819:BMP7 protein, human; C484083:MSX1 protein, human; C577553:TSP5 protein, human; C028541:zirconium oxide