title: Maternal footprints of Southeast Asians in North India.
abstract: We have analyzed 7,137 samples from 125 different caste, tribal and religious groups of India and 99 samples from three populations of Nepal for the length variation in the COII/tRNA(Lys) region of mtDNA. Samples showing length variation were subjected to detailed phylogenetic analysis based on HVS-I and informative coding region sequence variation. The overall frequencies of the 9-bp deletion and insertion variants in South Asia were 1.9 and 0.6%, respectively. We have also defined a novel deep-rooting haplogroup M43 and identified the rare haplogroup H14 in Indian populations carrying the 9-bp deletion by complete mtDNA sequencing. Moreover, we redefined haplogroup M6 and dissected it into two well-defined subclades. The presence of haplogroups F1 and B5a in Uttar Pradesh suggests minor maternal contribution from Southeast Asia to Northern India. The occurrence of haplogroup F1 in the Nepalese sample implies that Nepal might have served as a bridge for the flow of eastern lineages to India. The presence of R6 in the Nepalese, on the other hand, suggests that the gene flow between India and Nepal has been reciprocal.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Kumarasamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thangaraj
authors.forename: Gyaneshwer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaubey
authors.forename: Toomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kivisild
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selvi Rani
authors.forename: Vijay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Thanseem
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carvalho-Silva
authors.forename: Mait
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metspalu
authors.forename: L V K S
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Bhaskar
authors.forename: Alla G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Sarat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pande
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prathap Naidu
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adarsh
authors.forename: Abhilasha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Inaganti Amara
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jyothi
authors.forename: Chandana Basu
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: Ragala
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Devasena
authors.forename: Babita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shailendra Kumar Dhar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Shefali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Pranav
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Vartika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sonvane
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumari
authors.forename: Afsar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bhargavi
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lalremruata
authors.forename: Arvind Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Gurukamal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: A Papa
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villems
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tyler-Smith
authors.forename: Lalji
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D051456:Gene Flow; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D054643:INDEL Mutation; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009390:Nepal; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012357:RNA, Transfer, Lys