title: When and how to update systematic reviews.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systematic reviews are most helpful if they are up-to-date. We did a systematic review of strategies and methods describing when and how to update systematic reviews.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify, describe and assess strategies and methods addressing: 1) when to update systematic reviews and 2) how to update systematic reviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE (1966 to December 2005), PsycINFO, the Cochrane Methodology Register (Issue 1, 2006), and hand searched the 2005 Cochrane Colloquium proceedings.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included methodology reports, updated systematic reviews, commentaries, editorials, or other short reports describing the development, use, or comparison of strategies and methods for determining the need for updating or updating systematic reviews in healthcare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We abstracted information from each included report using a 15-item questionnaire. The strategies and methods for updating systematic reviews were assessed and compared descriptively with respect to their usefulness, comprehensiveness, advantages, and disadvantages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four updating strategies, one technique, and two statistical methods were identified. Three strategies addressed steps for updating and one strategy presented a model for assessing the need to update. One technique discussed the use of the "entry date" field in bibliographic searching. Statistical methods were cumulative meta-analysis and predicting when meta-analyses are outdated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Little research has been conducted on when and how to update systematic reviews and the feasibility and efficiency of the identified approaches is uncertain. These shortcomings should be addressed in future research.
authors.affiliation: Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 401 Smyth Road, Room R226, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1. dmoher@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsertsvadze
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tricco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eccles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimshaw
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barrowman
mesh_terms: D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D013997:Time Factors