Intestinal immunity following a combined enhanced inactivated polio vaccine/oral polio vaccine programme in Israel.
Intestinal immunity was studied in a polio-free community immunised with a combined enhanced inactivated/oral polio vaccine (EIPV/OPV) vaccination programme. Poliovirus excretion was evaluated in three groups of infants primed with a partial (2 EIPV+2 OPV) or complete (3 EIPV+3 OPV) dose schedule. Poliovirus replicated in the gut of 59.8-55.8% of infants in the three groups 7 days after administration of an additional OPV dose. Significant decreases in the percent of type-specific-virus excreters appeared after 14 and 21 days for serotypes 1 and 2, and after 21 and 28 days for serotype 3. The percent of excreters was inversely correlated with pre-challenge neutralising antibody (NA) titers (p<0.05). Intrafamilial virus transmission to mothers and siblings was minimal. The principal factor for interruption of disease and virus transmission in the community was a strong and persistent humoral immunity with immunological memory. A satisfactory level of family hygiene contributed towards breaking the chain of transmission of poliovirus to contacts.
Swartz
T A
TA
Israel Center for Disease Control, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Green
M S
MS
Handscher
R
R
Sofer
D
D
Cohen-Dar
M
M
Shohat
T
T
Habib
S
S
Barak
E
E
Dror
Z
Z
Somekh
E
E
Peled-Leviathan
T
T
Yulzari
R
R
Libling
A
A
Mendelson
E
E
Shulman
L M
LM
D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007223:Infant; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology*; D007557:Israel; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000276:immunology*; D035781:Siblings; D017201:Virus Shedding
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral