title: Thyrotropin levels in a population with no clinical, autoantibody, or ultrasonographic evidence of thyroid disease: implications for the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current debate regarding whether to decrease the upper limit for the TSH reference range to 2.5 microIU/ml has considerable potential impact on the diagnosis and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism worldwide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We report an analysis of TSH distribution in a population with no evidence of thyroid disease, including a normal thyroid ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  A subset of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study cohort was used to examine the TSH distribution in a population having no evidence of thyroid disease, seronegative thyroid autoantibodies, no history of thyroid medications, and a normal thyroid ultrasound. The shape of the TSH distribution was compared with the Gaussian and lognormal distributions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed in the general community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 1861 Hanford Thyroid Disease Study participants with TSH measured by ELISA who also had thyroid peroxidase antibody measurements, 766 comprised the normal reference group 3 (NRG-3) with no evidence of thyroid disease, including no positive antibodies and normal thyroid ultrasound.
  
  
  METHODS
  TSH was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TSH distribution in the NRG (NRG-3) was right skewed and followed an approximate lognormal distribution. The best estimates of the 97.5th percentile, the percentage above 2.5 microIU/ml, and the percentage above 3.0 microIU/ml for TSH by 3rd generation immunochemiluminometric assay are 4.1 microIU/ml, 20% and 10.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the TSH reference range should be narrowed and support a value of approximately 4.0 as the upper-reference limit.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epidermology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. tehamilton@aol.com
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Onstad
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kopecky
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase