title: Correlating the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome in the environmental adaptation of a hyperthermophile.
abstract: We have performed a comprehensive characterization of global molecular changes for a model organism Pyrococcus furiosus using transcriptomic (DNA microarray), proteomic, and metabolomic analysis as it undergoes a cold adaptation response from its optimal 95 to 72 degrees C. Metabolic profiling on the same set of samples shows the down-regulation of many metabolites. However, some metabolites are found to be strongly up-regulated. An approach using accurate mass, isotopic pattern, database searching, and retention time is used to putatively identify several metabolites of interest. Many of the up-regulated metabolites are part of an alternative polyamine biosynthesis pathway previously established in a thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus. Arginine, agmatine, spermidine, and branched polyamines N4-aminopropylspermidine and N4-( N-acetylaminopropyl)spermidine were unambiguously identified based on their accurate mass, isotopic pattern, and matching of MS/MS data acquired under identical conditions for the natural metabolite and a high purity standard. Both DNA microarray and semiquantitative proteomic analysis using a label-free spectral counting approach indicate the down-regulation of a large majority of genes with diverse predicted functions related to growth such as transcription, amino acid biosynthesis, and translation. Some genes are, however, found to be up-regulated through the measurement of their relative mRNA and protein levels. The complimentary information obtained by the various "omics" techniques is used to catalogue and correlate the overall molecular changes.
authors.affiliation: Scripps Center for Mass Spectrometry and the Departments of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sunia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Trauger
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalisak
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalisiak
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Angeli Lal
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Farris L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Michael W W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siuzdak
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010455:Peptides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D016963:Thermus thermophilus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D020543:Proteome; D012333:RNA, Messenger