title: Public health impact of hearing impairment and disability.
abstract: This presentation of the public health impact of hearing impairment highlights the important elements of interaction between the disability and community.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Retrospective study to identify the size of the problem of hearing loss, illustrating not only the magnitude but also the serious effect of the lack of reliable data concerning this matter. It highlights the challenges met within a mid-economy community regarding the handling of the impact of the disability. The Egyptian data is given as an example of the situation in a mid-economy community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A brief introduction of some epidemiological factors of hearing impairment is presented including the size of the problem in Egypt. Data of the neonatal hearing screening program of the Audiology Unit, Ain Shams University, is presented. The impact of the disability is then discussed in relation to the age of onset and the degree and type of hearing loss. This is followed by the description of the nature and effect of the disability in the different age groups. A discussion of the various factors that may modify the capability of the community to deal with such disability follows. This includes various economic indices with their possible limitations on the part of the community. Such a briefing illustrates the challenges met in the rehabilitation of the deaf and the hearing-impaired in a developing mid-economy country. The broad lines of the management of the problem both at the prophylactic as well as the rehabilitative levels are discussed. A final remark on recommendations and possible future development in a developing country is presented.
authors.affiliation: Phoniatric Unit, ENT Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. nkotby@cng.com.eg
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kotby
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001298:Audiology; D002648:Child; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005544:Forecasting; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000151:congenital / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D011634:Public Health; D040841:Resource Allocation / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D000078329:Workforce