title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia: mid-term results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mid-term imaging, clinical follow-up, and restenosis rates from patients that had undergone percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) for symptomatic renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1999 and July 2006, 16 consecutive renal artery FMD patients underwent PTRA for poorly controlled hypertension. The patients were enrolled into this retrospective study after receiving 19 primary and four secondary PTRAs in 19 renal artery segments. Follow-up monitoring of blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, and the serum creatinine level after PTRA were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, and each following year. The degree of restenosis was evaluated with computed tomographic angiography (CTA) after PTRA at 6, 12 months, and every year if possible. Technical and clinical success rates for the treatment of FMD, and restenosis rates for the renal artery were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success rate for primary PTRA was 79% (15/19) and the complication rate was 16% (3/19). Hypertension improved in 80% (12/15) of the patients after four weeks follow-up, and was finally cured or improved in 93% (14/15) during the mean follow-up period of 23.6 months. There was a cumulative 22% (4/18) restenosis rate during the follow-up period. All of the patients were treated with a second PTRA without complications and all of the patients were cured of hypertension after the second PTRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty for clinically symptomatic renal FMD is technically and clinically successful and safe to perform. For all patients with restenosis, there was a good response after undergoing a second PTRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yeon Hyeon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: In Wook
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Duk Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome