title: Dystocia in labour - risk factors, management and outcome: a retrospective observational study in a Swedish setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Labour dystocia (LD) is associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes. This study investigated obstetric risk factors, frequency of interventions and delivery outcomes for LD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, observational, study of 1,480 deliveries was undertaken in a Swedish district hospital during 2000 and 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LD was identified in 21% of deliveries, 16.7% of which ended in caesarean section (CS) compared to 1.7% of deliveries without LD. Multiparity with no previous vaginal delivery (OR=6.0), epidural analgesia (EDA) at cervical dilation < or =5 cm (OR=4.6), primiparity (OR=4.5), gestational age > or =42 weeks (OR=3.1), birth weight >4,000 g (OR=2.7) and EDA at cervical dilation >5 cm (OR=2.0) were major independent risk factors for LD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In delivery management, special attention should be directed to primiparous women and multiparous women with no previous vaginal delivery. Women given EDA, especially at cervical dilation < or =5 cm are also of particular interest. Furthermore, rigorous routines for LD diagnosis and oxytocin augmentation are important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden. lotta.selin@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Selin
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wallin
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001724:Birth Weight; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004420:Dystocia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007747:Labor Stage, First; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology