title: Preoperative identification of subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation using three-dimensional phase sensitive inversion recovery technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the feasibility of utilizing three-dimensional (3D) phase sensitive inversion recovery (IR) images for preoperatively determining deep brain stimulator position.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured geometric distortion with a grid phantom and evaluated images of 3 volunteers to determine optimum imaging parameters for 3D phase sensitive IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geometric distortion measured less than 1.0%. Respective inversion and recovery times, which provided high T(1) contrast between the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent tissue, were 200 and 4000 ms. In studies of 3 volunteers and 2 patients, the subthalamic nucleus was clearly depicted in 3D phase sensitive IR images. The measured coordinates of the subthalamic nucleus agreed well with those calculated by conventional estimation from midpoint of the anterior and posterior commissure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional phase sensitive inversion recovery was useful in visualizing the subthalamic nucleus for effective deep brain stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, Japan. ishimori@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Yasutane
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togami
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masada
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusuhara
authors.forename: Motoomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*