title: Review of long-term adverse effects associated with the use of chemically-modified animal and nonanimal source hyaluronic acid dermal fillers.
abstract: Although only recently introduced, chemically-modified hyaluronic acid dermal fillers have gained widespread acceptance as "redefining" dermal fillers in the fields of dermatology and cosmetic facial surgery. Although hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers have a low overall incidence of long-term side effects, occasional adverse outcomes, ranging from chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory reactions to classic foreign body-type granulomatous reactions have been documented. These long-term adverse events are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Pathology and Oncology, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA. pedwards@dentalpathologist.com
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fantasia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000075202:Contraindications; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D015195:Drug Design; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid