title: Design of a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid flow cell for x-ray absorption fine structure measurements under catalytic reaction conditions.
abstract: The design and performance of a new high-pressure and high-temperature cell for measurement of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of solid catalysts working in a flowing liquid are presented. The cell has flat, high-purity sintered cubic boron nitride (c-BN) windows which can tolerate high temperature (900 K) and high pressure (10 MPa). The c-BN is a new material which has the highest tensile strength, second only to diamond, and is also chemically and thermally stable. The use of the cell is demonstrated for measurements of PtPdAl(2)O(3) and Ni(2)PSiO(2) hydrodesulfurization catalysts at reaction conditions. A technique called delta chi (Deltachi), involving determining the difference between XAFS spectra of the sample at reaction conditions and the bare sample, is introduced.
authors.affiliation: Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Kita 21-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Wang-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Kyoko K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ted Oyama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumiya