title: Tuberculosis exposure in HIV-exposed infants in a high-prevalence setting.
abstract: Exposure to TB was quantified by screening human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposed infants aged 3-4 months for an isoniazid prophylaxis study where tuberculosis (TB) exposure excluded enrolment. Seventy-seven (10.1%, 95%CI 8.0-12.4) of 766 infants had contact with a TB source case. Nurses and lay counsellors identified 52 infants during pre-screening and doctors identified 25 during formal screening. High exposure may contribute to high rates of TB in HIV-exposed infants. Programs to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV offer an important opportunity to screen for TB. In-depth assessment is required for evaluating TB exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit (KID-CRU), Tygerberg Children's Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. mcot@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lottering
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coetzee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008403:Mass Screening; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*