title: Impact of degradation products of sulfamethoxazole on mammalian cultured cells.
abstract: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widely used antibiotic which has been detected in surface water samples in the ng/L range and also detected in drinking water samples. To limit the environmental impact, ozonation treatment of waste streams has been proposed. However, the degradation products created by ozonation as well as their toxicity have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the degradation products of SMX formed during ozonation and the effects of these products on mammalian cultured cells. In addition to alcohols and nitrates, sulfanilamide was identified as the larger molecular weight compound of the degradation products detected. Cells exposed to the degradation products of SMX maintained their polyhedral geometry longer than the control cells. Proliferation of the cells exposed to the degradation products was not negatively affected when compared with the control cells. The results of this study show that bioactive degradation products can be formed by ozonation of SMX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. viviane.yargeau@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yargeau
authors.forename: Jennifer Caitlin
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huot
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodayan
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Ranjan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Leask
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010126:Ozone; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole