Specialist breast care nurses for supportive care of women with breast cancer.
BACKGROUND
Breast Care Nurses (BCNs) are now established internationally, predominantly in well resourced healthcare systems. The role of BCNs has expanded to reflect the diversity of the population in which they work, and the improvements in survival of women with breast cancer. Interventions by BCNs aim to support women and help them cope with the impact of the disease on their quality of life.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of individual interventions carried out by BCN's on quality of life outcomes for women with breast cancer.


METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Breast Cancer Group Specialised Register and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (15 January 2007). We also searched MEDLINE (1966 to September 2006), CINAHL (1982 to September 2006), EMBASE (1980 to September 2006), British Nursing Index (1984 to September 2006), CancerLit (1961 to September 2006), PsycInfo (1967 to September 2006), Library and Info Science Abstracts (LISA) (1969 to September 2006), Dissertation Abstracts International (only available 2005 to September 2006). We contacted authors as appropriate.


METHODS
Randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of interventions carried out by BCN's on quality of life outcomes, for women with breast cancer.


METHODS
Two authors independently assessed relevant studies for inclusion and undertook data extraction and quality assessment of included studies.


RESULTS
We incuded five studies, categorised into three groups. Three studies assessing psychosocial nursing interventions around diagnosis and early treatment found that the BCN could affect some components of quality of life, such as anxiety and early recognition of depressive symptoms. However, their impact on social and functional aspects of the disease trajectory was inconclusive. Supportive care interventions during radiotherapy was assessed by one study which showed that specific BCN interventions can alleviate perceived distress during radiotherapy treatment, but did not improve coping skills, mood or overall quality of life. One study assessed nurse-led follow-up interventions in which no statistically significant difference was identified for main demographic variables, satisfaction with care, access to medical care or anxiety and depression.


CONCLUSIONS
There is limited evidence at this time to support the contention that interventions by BCNs assist in the short-term with the recognition and management of psychological distress for women with breast cancer. Further research is required before the impact of BCNs on aspects of quality of life for women with breast cancer can be known.
Cruickshank
S
S
Napier University, School of Acute and Continuing Care Nursing, Canaan Lane Campus, 74 Canaan Lane, Edinburgh, Lothian, UK, EH9 2TB. S.Cruickshank@napier.ac.uk
Kennedy
C
C
Lockhart
K
K
Dosser
I
I
Dallas
L
L
D001007:Anxiety / Q000451:nursing; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000451:nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009859:Oncology Nursing; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic