title: A biogeographic view of Apodemus in Asia and Europe inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences.
abstract: Sequences of the mitochondrial cyt b gene and nuclear IRBP, RAGI, 17, and vWF genes were used to assess the evolutionary history of major lineages of Apodemus, in particular to better understand dispersal between Asia and Europe. Our data show eight extant lineages of Late Tertiary origin: Apodemus agrarius, A. semotus, A. peninsulae, A. speciosus, A. argenteus, A. gurkha, A. mystacinus, and A. sylvaticus. Monophyly of two European lineages (A. mystacinus and A. sylvaticus) and four Asian lineages (A. agrarius, A. semotus, A. peninsulae, and A. speciosus) was confirmed with high bootstrap support. Together with literature data, the available molecular data depict three crucial evolutionary events: (1) initial wide dispersal and subsequent radiation around 6 million years ago, (2) region-specific radiations in Europe and southern China around 2 million years ago, and (3) westward dispersal of A. agrarius to Europe in the Late Quaternary.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. htsuzuki@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Filippucci
authors.forename: Galina N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Chelomina
authors.forename: Jun J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Serizawa
authors.forename: Eviatar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nevo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics*; D051189:Murinae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000235:genetics*; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial
chemical_list: D045303:Cytochromes b; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D000099214:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Interstitial; C064658:RAG-1 protein