title: Fecundity and longevity of roaming dogs in Jaipur, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estimates of demographic parameters, such as age-specific survival and fecundity, age at first pregnancy and litter size, are required for roaming dogs (i.e. dogs that are neither confined nor restricted) to assess the likely effect of proposed methods of population control. Data resulting from individual identification of dogs spayed as part of an Animal Birth Control (ABC) programme in Jaipur, India, are used to derive such parameters for the roaming dog population of that city.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of females becoming pregnant in any given year was estimated by inspection of over 25,000 females caught for spaying from 1995 to 2006. The point estimate is 47.5% with a 95% confidence interval from 44% to 51%. Adult annual survival of spayed females was estimated by recapture of 62 spayed females from 2002 to 2006. The point estimate is 0.70 (95% confidence interval from 0.62 to 0.78), corresponding to an expected total lifespan of 3.8 years for a spayed female at one year old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recording the pregnancy status of dogs collected for spaying and individual marking of dogs released following spaying can provide estimates of some of the demographic parameters essential for predicting the future effectiveness of an ABC programme. Further, we suggest that recording the number and location of spayed and unspayed dogs encountered by the catching teams could be the most effective way to monitor the size and composition of the roaming dog population.
authors.affiliation: Help in Suffering, Maharani Farm, Durgapura, Jaipur 302018 Rajasthan, India. hisvet1@helpinsuffering.org
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Reece
authors.forename: Sunil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Elly F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Hiby
authors.forename: Lex R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hiby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D007194:India; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013245:Sterilization, Reproductive / Q000662:veterinary; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors