title: Combinatorial regulation of novel erythroid gene expression in zebrafish.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The specification and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into red blood cells requires precise coordination by multiple transcription factors. Most genes important for erythroid maturation are regulated by the Gata family of DNA-binding proteins. Previously, we identified three novel genes kelch-repeat containing protein (krcp), kiaa0650, and testhymin/glucocorticoid inducible transcript 1 (glcci1) to be expressed in erythroid cells in a Gata-independent manner, and we sought to further understand how these transcripts are regulated during zebrafish hematopoiesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed a loss-of-function approach, using combinations of antisense morpholinos to hematopoietic transcription factors and assayed for changes in gene expression in zebrafish embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon examination of embryos deficient for Gata1, Gata2, Biklf, and/or Scl, we found distinct gene combinations were required for expression of the novel genes. While krcp expression was dependent upon Gata1 and Biklf, kiaa0650 expression was greatly reduced and glcci1 was maintained in Gata1/Gata2/Biklf-deficient embryos. As with the gata1 gene, kiaa0650 and krcp required Scl for blood expression. Although reduced, glcci1 was expressed in posterior blood precursors in the absence of Scl and Gata2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work identifies glcci1 as having Scl-independent expression in the posterior hematopoietic mesoderm, suggesting that its posterior expression is activated by factors upstream or parallel to Scl and Gata2. Additionally, these studies establish that blood gene expression programs are regulated by transcription factors acting in combination during erythroid maturation.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: Jenna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wingert
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thisse
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thisse
authors.forename: Leonard I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Zon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D041905:Erythroid Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058470:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000073942:T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D050982:GATA1 Transcription Factor; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058470:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y; D000073942:T-Cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C516059:Gata2a protein, zebrafish; C494691:gata1a protein, zebrafish; C418487:klf4 protein, zebrafish; C489367:tal1 protein, zebrafish; C518528:P2Y14 receptor, human