title: Vascular endothelial growth factor genotypes, haplotypes, gender, and the risk of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major mediator of angiogenesis involving tumor growth and metastasis. Polymorphisms in the VEGF gene may regulate VEGF production. In this large case-control study, we investigated whether functional polymorphisms (-460C/T, +405C/G, +936C/T) in the VEGF gene are associated with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  VEGF genotypes and haplotypes were determined in 1,900 Caucasian patients with NSCLC and 1,458 healthy controls. The results were analyzed using logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, and years since smoking cessation (for ex-smokers). The false-positive report probability was estimated for the observed odds ratios (OR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no overall associations between individual VEGF genotypes and the risk of NSCLC. Stratified analysis suggested that the combined +405CC+CG genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma in males (adjusted OR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.87). In haplotype analysis, haplotypes were globally associated with differences between cases and controls in males (P = 0.03). Specifically, the -460T/+405G/+936C haplotype was significantly (P = 0.02) associated with decreased risk of adenocarcinoma in males when compared with the most common CGC haplotype (adjusted OR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.98). None of the VEGF genotypes and haplotypes studied significantly influenced the susceptibility to NSCLC in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms of -460C/T, +405C/G, and +936C/T in the VEGF gene do not play a major role in NSCLC risk. However, we could not exclude a minor role for the +405CC+CG genotypes and the 460T/+405G/+936C haplotype in lung adenocarcinogenesis in male Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rihong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Rebecca Suk
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Heist
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Kofi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asomaning
authors.forename: Xihong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A