title: Gene expression of Clonorchis sinensis metacercaria induced by gamma irradiation.
abstract: Gamma-rays are a form of ionizing radiation and produce serious cellular damage to nuclei and organelles. Gamma irradiation induces the expressions of genes involved in DNA repair. Clonorchis sinensis resides in and provokes pathophysiologic changes in the bile ducts of mammals. The C. sinensis metacercariae are unsusceptible or resistant to gamma irradiation with LD50 of 16.5 Gy. Using the annealing control primer-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, 19 genes were found to be up-regulated in C. sinensis metacercariae exposed to gamma rays. Contigs of up-regulated genes (URGs) were retrieved in a C. sinensis expressed sequence tag pool and extended by DNA-walking. Of the 13 URGs annotated putatively as functional genes, five URGs were associated with energy metabolism, six with protein processing, and the other two with DNA repair protein RAD23 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Four URGs were confirmed up-regulated by gamma irradiation by quantitative real-time PCR. One unknown gene, which was up-regulated to the greatest extent, might contribute to early recovery from gamma-irradiation-induced damage. The up-regulations of genes encoding DNA repair, protein processing, and energy metabolism proteins suggests that increases in gene products orchestrate DNA lesion repair and recover cellular functions in gamma-irradiated C. sinensis metacercariae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Tongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Im
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pyo Yun
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kwang Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shunyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sung-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Suk Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong-Yil
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018509:DNA, Helminth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005720:Gamma Rays; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015723:Gene Library; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018509:DNA, Helminth