title: Involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocyte growth factor-induced migration of uveal melanoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adult humans. Unlike cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma disseminates preferentially to the liver through the hematogenous system. To date, the mechanism underlying this metastatic homing is largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-triggered signaling pathways to identify the role of HGF and its downstream effectors in inducing the migration of uveal melanoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Migration of uveal melanoma cells was measured by in vitro wound healing and transwell migration assays. The expression and translocation of c-Met were detected using indirect immunofluorescence. The activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways was analyzed using specific antibodies against phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-Akt. The impact of HGF treatment on the expression of cell adhesion molecules was measured using Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HGF was found to enhance cell migration, and that HGF-induced migration depends on PI3K/Akt pathway. The activation of PI3K/Akt pathway induced by the HGF/c-Met axis is involved in the downregulation of cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin and beta-catenin, contributing to the attenuation of cell-cell adhesion and promoting the enhanced motility and migration of uveal melanoma cells. On HGF stimulation, receptor c-Met is translocated to the nucleus in a ligand-dependent manner, suggesting that c-Met may modulate the expression of genes involved in melanoma cell migration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this study directly linked the central PI3K/Akt pathway to uveal melanoma migration and pointed to new avenues for therapeutic intervention in hepatic metastasis.
authors.affiliation: School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Danning
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Xiangtian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Wencan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhonglou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014945:Wound Healing; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D051176:beta Catenin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3