title: Adsorptive effects of di-tri-octahedral smectite on Clostridium perfringens alpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins and equine colostral antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the adsorptive capability of di-tri-octahedral smectite (DTOS) on Clostridium perfringens alpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins and equine colostral antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 C perfringens exotoxins and 9 colostral samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins were individually co-incubated with serial dilutions of DTOS or bismuth subsalicylate, and the amount of toxin remaining after incubation was determined via toxin-specific ELISAs. Colostral samples from healthy mares were individually co-incubated with serial dilutions of DTOS, and colostral IgG concentrations were determined via single radial immunodiffusion assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Di-tri-octahedral smectite decreased the amount of each C perfringens exotoxin in co-incubated samples in a dose-dependent manner and was more effective than bismuth subsalicylate at reducing exotoxins in vitro. Decreases in the concentration of IgG were detected in samples of colostrum that were combined with DTOS at 1:4 through 1:16 dilutions, whereas no significant decrease was evident with DTOS at the 1:32 dilution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Di-tri-octahedral smectite effectively adsorbed C perfringens exotoxins in vitro and had a dose-dependent effect on the availability of equine colostral antibodies. Results suggested that DTOS may be an appropriate adjunctive treatment in the management of neonatal clostridiosis in horses. In vivo studies are necessary to fully assess the clinical efficacy of DTOS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Jacquelin Boggs
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lawler
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hassel
authors.forename: Roberta J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: Ashley E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCue
authors.forename: Josie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Traub-Dargatz
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D006736:Horses; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D017640:Silicates; C033214:Smectite; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C040649:alpha toxin, Clostridium perfringens