title: Predictors and outcomes of a perioperative myocardial infarction following elective vascular surgery in patients with documented coronary artery disease: results of the CARP trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The predictors and outcomes of patients with a peri-operative elevation in cardiac troponin I above the 99th percentile of normal following an elective vascular operation have not been studied in a homogeneous cohort with documented coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Coronary Artery Revascularization Prophylaxis (CARP) trial was a randomized trial that tested the benefit of coronary artery revascularization prior to vascular surgery. Among 377 randomized patients, core lab samples for peak cardiac troponin I concentrations were monitored following the vascular operation and the blinded results were correlated with outcomes. A peri-operative myocardial infarction (MI), defined by an increase in cardiac troponin I greater than the 99th percentile reference (> or =0.1 microg/L), occurred in 100 patients (26.5%) and the incidence was not dissimilar in patients with and without pre-operative coronary revascularization (24.2 vs. 28.6%; P = 0.32). By logistic regression analysis, predictors of MI (odds risk; 95%CI; P-value) were age >70 (1.84; 1.14-2.98; P = 0.01), abdominal aortic surgery (1.82; 1.09-3.03; P = 0.02), diabetes (1.86; 1.11-3.11; P = 0.02), angina (1.67; 1.03-2.64; P = 0.04), and baseline STT abnormalities (1.62; 1.00-2.6; P = 0.05). At 2.5 years post-surgery, the probability of survival in patients with and without the MI was 0.73 and 0.84, respectively (P = 0.03, log-rank test). Using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, a peri-operative MI in diabetic patients was a strong predictor of long-term mortality (hazards ratio: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.31-4.48; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with coronary artery disease who undergo vascular surgery, a peri-operative elevation in cardiac troponin levels is common and in combination with diabetes, is a strong predictor of long-term mortality. These data support the utility of cardiac troponins as a means of stratifying high-risk patients following vascular operations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology (111C), VA Medical Center, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. mcfa1001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Edward O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: McFalls
authors.forename: Herbert B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Fred S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierpont
authors.forename: Greg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Brack
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hattler
authors.forename: Kendrick
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shunk
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Littooy
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santilli
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Lizy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thottapurathu
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krupski
authors.forename: Domenic J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Reda
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000401:mortality; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I