title: The potential of Angeli's salt to decrease nitric oxide scavenging by plasma hemoglobin.
abstract: Release of hemoglobin from the erythrocyte during intravascular hemolysis contributes to the pathology of a variety of diseased states. This effect is partially due to the enhanced ability of cell-free plasma hemoglobin, which is primarily found in the ferrous, oxygenated state, to scavenge nitric oxide. Oxidation of the cell-free hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which does not effectively scavenge nitric oxide, using inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to be effective in limiting pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction. However, the ferric heme species may be reduced back to ferrous hemoglobin in plasma and has the potential to drive injurious redox chemistry. We propose that compounds that selectively convert cell-free hemoglobin to ferric, and ideally iron-nitrosylated heme species that do not actively scavenge nitric oxide, would effectively treat intravascular hemolysis. We show here that nitroxyl generated by Angeli's salt (sodium alpha-oxyhyponitrite, Na2N2O3) preferentially reacts with cell-free hemoglobin compared to that encapsulated in the red blood cell under physiologically relevant conditions. Nitroxyl oxidizes oxygenated ferrous hemoglobin to methemoglobin and can convert the methemoglobin to a more stable, less toxic species, iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin. These results support the notion that Angeli's salt or a similar compound could be used to effectively treat conditions associated with intravascular hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Azarov
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: Tennille
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Presley
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: S Bruce
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gladwin
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kim-Shapiro
mesh_terms: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D006454:Hemoglobins; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D012492:Salts; C008657:nitrosyl hemoglobin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C039900:nitroxyl