title: Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-2 is an S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase.
abstract: We demonstrate that purified recombinant human betainehomocysteine methyltransferase-2 (BHMT-2) is a zinc metalloenzyme that uses S-methylmethionine (SMM) as a methyl donor for the methylation of homocysteine. Unlike the highly homologous betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), BHMT-2 cannot use betaine. The K(m) of BHMT-2 for SMM was determined to be 0.94 mm, and it has a turnover number similar to BHMT. Several compounds were tested as inhibitors of recombinant human BHMT and BHMT-2. The SMM-specific methyltransferase activity of BHMT-2 is not inhibited by dimethylglycine and betaine, whereas the former is a potent inhibitor of BHMT. Methionine is a stronger inhibitor of BHMT-2 than BHMT, and S-adenosylmethionine does not inhibit BHMT but is a weak inhibitor of BHMT-2. BHMT can use SMM as a methyl donor with a k(cat)/K(m) that is 5-fold lower than the k(cat)/K(m) for betaine. However, SMM does not inhibit BHMT activity when it is presented to the enzyme at concentrations that are 10-fold greater than the subsaturating amounts of betaine used in the assay. Based on these data, it is our current hypothesis that in vivo most if not all of the SMM-dependent methylation of homocysteine occurs via BHMT-2.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Szegedi
authors.forename: Carmen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Markos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutmos
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Garrow
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D050904:Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012521:Sarcosine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000502:physiology; D014814:Vitamin U / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494551:BHMT2 protein, human; D008667:Metalloproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006710:Homocysteine; D014814:Vitamin U; D001622:Betaine; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D050904:Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; C494548:BHMT protein, human; D050940:Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; D015032:Zinc; D012521:Sarcosine