title: Evaluating the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles by measuring oxidative stress potential--a workshop report and consensus statement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a strong need for laboratory in vitro test systems for the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles. The measurement of oxidative stress potential offers a promising way forward.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A workshop was convened involving leading workers from the field in order to review the available test methods and to generate a Consensus Statement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Workshop participants summarised their own research activities as well as discussion the relative merits of different test methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro test methods have an important role to play in the screening of toxicity in airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles. In vitro cell challenges were preferable to in vitro acellular systems but both have a potential major role to play and offer large cost advantages relative to human or animal inhalation studies and animal in vivo installation experiments. There remains a need to compare tests one with another on standardised samples and also to establish a correlation with the results of population-based epidemiology.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borm
authors.forename: Flemming R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Cassee
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghio
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hider
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Ingeborg M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kooter
authors.forename: Francelyne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marano
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mudway
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nel
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sioutas
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baeza-Squiban
authors.forename: Art
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Froines
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004493:Education; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter