Measuring protein mobility by photobleaching GFP chimeras in living cells.
This unit describes fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) using commercially available confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Photobleaching is the photo-induced change in a fluorphore that abolishes that molecule's fluorescence. The different characteristics of green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras in a cell can be studied by FRAP, in which a selected region of the cell is photobleached with intense light. The movement of unbleached molecules into a photobleached region is quantified by imaging with an attenuated light source. The movement of molecules between cellular compartments can be determined by FLIP, in which the same region of a cell expressing a GFP chimera is repeatedly photobleached. The loss of fluorescence from regions outside the photobleached region is monitored to characterize the movement of a protein. Together these two techniques are providing fundamentally new insights into the kinetic properties of proteins in cells.
Snapp
Erik L
EL
NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Altan
Nihal
N
Lippincott-Schwartz
Jennifer
J
D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002470:Cell Survival; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004058:Diffusion; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism; D038761:Photobleaching; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins