title: Coinfection of avian influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) with infectious bronchitis live vaccine.
abstract: Avian influenza virus of H9N2 subtype is pathotyped as a non-highly pathogenic virus. However, frequent incidences of avian influenza of high mortality that are caused by H9N2 viruses have been observed in broiler chicken farms in Iran and some other Asian countries. Coinfections or environmental factors may be involved in such cases. Infectious microorganisms have been implicating in taking part in the cases of coinfection. We studied the effect of experimental coinfection of H9N2 avian influenza virus with infectious bronchitis live vaccine, which is used extensively in chicken farms in Iran. Clinical signs, gross lesions, viral shedding and mortality rate of the experimentally infected birds were examined. Coinfection of infectious bronchitis live vaccine and H9N2 avian influenza virus led to an extension of the shedding period of H9N2 virus, increasing the severity of clinical signs and mortality rates, causing macroscopic lesions in the embryos.
authors.affiliation: Poultry Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box 1731, 71345, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghighat-Jahromi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asasi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nili
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dadras
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shooshtari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D007492:Iran; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines