title: Cholestasis induced by total parenteral nutrition.
abstract: Parenteral nutrition is a life-saving treatment for patients who have acute and chronic intestinal failure. Severe cholestasis induced by total parental nutrition (TPN-IC) is characterized by bile duct regeneration, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Its progression could be very rapid, and in some patients liver cirrhosis may develop in few months. This article describes the definition, incidence, hepatic changes, histopathologic findings, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical implications of TPN-IC. The goal is to improve hospital and home management, quality of life, and prognosis of patients requiring parenteral nutrition.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology & Artificial Nutrition, Hospital San Nicola Pellegrino, 70059 Trani, Bari, Italy. guglielmifw@libero.it
authors.forename: Francesco William
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.forename: Nunzia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Regano
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzuoli
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fregnan
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leogrande
authors.forename: Altomarino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.forename: Loris
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pironi
authors.forename: J M Moran
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Penco
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francavilla
mesh_terms: D002779:Cholestasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data