Micromolar concentration of kynurenic acid in rat small intestine.
Kynurenic acid is an antagonist of glutamate and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and an agonist of the G: -protein-coupled receptor GPR35, which is predominantly expressed in immune and gastrointestinal tissues. In this study, we report that kynurenic acid is present in the lumen of rat small intestine in micromolar concentration sufficient to affect the GPR35 receptor. Moreover, we show that kynurenic acid can be produced by Escherichia coli. We suggest that kynurenic acid may modulate gastrointestinal function and integrity.
Kuc
D
D
Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Zgrajka
W
W
Parada-Turska
J
J
Urbanik-Sypniewska
T
T
Turski
W A
WA
D000818:Animals; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000737:chemistry*; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
C513985:GPR35 protein, rat; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D007737:Kynurenine; D007736:Kynurenic Acid