title: The symptomatology of tic disorders and concomitant sleep habits in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of study was to analyze the clinical symptoms of tic disorders (TG) and sleep habits in children. The sleep habits were compared with those of a control group (CG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 84 children with TG. The diagnoses were verified according to DSM-IVR criterion. CG included 156 healthy children. The parents filled in a questionnaire developed by the authors--TG's parents filled in a part concerning the symptomatology of tic disorders and sleep habits, CG's parents only the second part.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 78.6% of male and 21.4% of female in TG respectively, and 53.8% and 46.2% in CG. The simple and complex motor tics were observed in 98.8% and 39.3% of patients, vocal tics--64.3%, sensory tics--20.2%. ADHD and OCD symptoms were noticed respectively in 73.8% and 35.7% of children. The most common simple and complex motor tics were respectively: blinking--9.0%, jumping and touching--20.2% of patients. Vocal tics were presented in 64.3%. 23.8% of TG slept together with another person in bed, and 69% of them in one room with other members of family; in CG it was respectively 58.1% and 19.2%. 33.3% of TG fell asleep and woke up in the same position in bed, in the CG 75.6% of children slept calmly. The bed-time stories were seldom read by the parents in TG--3.6% vs CG--31.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quote frequently TG are connected with other behavioral symptoms, in particular ADHD and OCD. Sleep habits are different in TG than in CG.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. albrecht@amp.edu.pl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Młodzikowska-Albrecht
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinborn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*