[New treatments for renal carcinoma].
Renal cell carcinoma presents several unique features, which distinguish it from other tumours. The increase in survival that has been described in patients with renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy breaks a classical rule of oncology, which states that surgery of the primary tumour has no role in the treatment of patients with advanced disease. Together with melanoma, it is the only tumour in which immunomodulatory treatments with drugs such as interleukin-2 produces a clinical benefit to patients. In randomized trials treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with high dose interleukin-2 has confirmed its ability to induce long-term complete responses, which in practice can be considered equivalent to cure. Lastly, renal cell carcinoma is being used as a clinical model to demonstrate the role of several targeted treatments, with over 30 novel agents under development. It has been the first tumour type in which treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors has shown a clinical benefit. This article reviews the most relevant aspects of renal cell carcinoma, including epidemiology, prognostic factors, clinical presentation, molecular bases and the current status of development of the most relevant novel treatments for this disease.
Pérez-Gracia
J L
JL
Departamento de Onología Médica, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jlgarcia@unav.es
López-Picazo
J M
JM
Olier
C
C
Alfaro
C
C
García-Foncillas
J
J
Melero
I
I
Gúrpide
A
A
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011379:Prognosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007211:Indoles; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D009536:Niacinamide; D007372:Interferons; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib