title: Intraocular pressure elevation after injection of triamcinolone acetonide: a multicenter retrospective case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after the injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and twenty-seven patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraocular pressure levels after TA treatment by the sub-Tenon capsule injection (STI; 12 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg), intravitreal injection (IVI; 4 mg or 8 mg), or the combination of STI (20 mg) and IVI (4 mg), and IOP levels after two TA treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk factors for IOP levels of 24 mm Hg or higher.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Younger age (hazards ratio [HR], 0.96/year; P < .0001), IVI (HR, 1.89/year; P < .0001), and higher baseline IOP (HR, 1.15/mm Hg; P = .003) were identified as risk factors. Dose dependency was shown in STI-treated eyes (HR, 1.07/mg; P = .0006), as well as after IVI (HR, 1.64/mg; P = .013). The combination of STI and IVI was a significant risk factor (HR, 2.27; P = .003) compared with STI alone. In eyes receiving two TA treatments, IVI (HR, 2.60; P = .010), higher IOP elevation after the first injection (HR, 1.18/mm Hg; P = .011), and increased dosage of STI (HR, 1.07/mm Hg; P = .033) were risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Younger age, higher baseline IOP, IVI, and increased TA dosage were associated with TA-induced IOP elevation. IOP elevation after repeated TA injection was frequently associated with eyes treated with IVI, high IOP elevation after the first injection, and high doses of STI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan. inatani@fc.kuh.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inatani
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaji
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraga
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimonagano
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Miyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanihara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide