title: Buprederm, a new transdermal delivery system of buprenorphine: pharmacokinetic, efficacy and skin irritancy studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetics, analgesic efficacy, and irritancy potential of Buprederm, a new transdermal delivery system of buprenorphine, was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in mice and rabbits. The analgesic efficacy and skin irritation potential were determined by tail flick and writhing tests in mice and by the Draize dermal scoring system in rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fast absorption of buprenorphine into the bloodstream was observed in mice and rabbits after Buprederm application. The peak buprenorphine level in plasma was achieved between 1 and 24 h, and the effective therapeutic drug concentration was maintained for 72 h. No significant accumulation of buprenorphine was seen after multiple consecutive applications of patches to rabbits with a 4-day dosing interval. Buprederm induced prolongation of tail-flick latency in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Maximum analgesic effect was attained between 3 and 6 h and was maintained for 24 h after patch application. No skin irritation was demonstrated in rabbits after repeated Buprederm application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buprederm was shown to be efficacious by achieving the effective buprenorphine concentration in the blood and brain sufficient to maintain an analgesic effect for 72 h, and was also shown to be safe following multiple applications.
authors.affiliation: Samyang Pharmaceutical R&D Center, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dongwon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jindeog
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chang Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: In
authors.forename: Seung-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sang Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bumchan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Dongho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001711:Biotransformation; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007509:Irritants; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D007509:Irritants; D002047:Buprenorphine