title: Factors affecting the production of putrescine from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii XB isolated from wine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate and characterize the metabolic putrescine synthesis pathway from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii X(1)B.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The putrescine formation from agmatine by resting cells (the normal physiological state in wine) of lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine has been determined for the first time. Agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine hydrolase enzymes, determined by HPLC and LC-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, carried out the putrescine synthesis from agmatine. The influence of pH, temperature, organic acids, amino acids, sugars and ethanol on the putrescine formation in wine was determined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resting cells of Lact. hilgardii X(1)B produce putrescine in wine. The putrescine production was carried out from agmatine through the agmatine deiminase system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have significance from two points of view, wine quality and toxicological and microbiological aspects, taking account that putrescine, which origin is still controversial, is quantitatively the main biogenic amine found in wine.
authors.affiliation: ENOLAB Laboratori de Microbiologia Enològica, Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Arena
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Landete
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Manca de Nadra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000376:Agmatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003470:Culture Media; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011700:Putrescine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D000376:Agmatine; D006867:Hydrolases; C019626:agmatine deiminase; D011700:Putrescine