title: Gut immune stimulation by non pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. Comparison with a probiotic strain.
abstract: We analyzed the gut immune stimulation induced by Gram-positive bacteria: non probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1462 and Lactobacillus acidophilus A9; two potentially probiotic strains: L. acidophilus CRL 924 and Lactobacillusdelbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CRL 423; comparatively with a probiotic strain: Lactobacillus casei CRL 431. We also studied Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli 129 and E. coli 13-7 in BALB/c mice. All the strains increased the number of IgA+ cells. We analyzed the cytokines IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-17, IL-12, IL-6 and MIP-1alpha. The Gram(+) strains increased the number of IL-10+ cells. Gram(-) strains did not increase IL-10+ cells, but they increased the number of IL-12+ cells. The probiotic strain increased mainly IFNgamma and TNFalpha. In the study of the receptors TLR-2, TLR-4 and CD-206, we demonstrated that only the probiotic strain increased the number of CD-206+ cells. All the Gram(+) strains increased the number of TLR-2+ cells and the Gram(-) strains of the TLR-4+ cells. The probiotic strain induced the release of IL-6 by a preparation enriched in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria activated different immune receptors and induced a different cytokine profile. The probiotic strain showed a great activity on the immune cells and the enriched population in IEC, activating mainly cells of the innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán, T4000ILC Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dogi
authors.forename: C Maldonado
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Galdeano
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perdigón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000032:analysis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019936:Probiotics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens