title: Radioresistance of Salmonella species and Listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.): effect of irradiation on flavonoid content and acceptability of irradiated produce.
abstract: This work studied the radiation resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella species and the effect of irradiation on leaf flavonoid content and sensory acceptability of minimally processed arugula. Immersion in ozone-treated water reduced the analyzed microorganisms by 1 log. L. monocytogenes and Salmonella were not isolated from samples. Samples of this vegetable were inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes and exposed to gamma irradiation. D10 values for Salmonella ranged from 0.16 to 0.19 kGy and for L. monocytogenes from 0.37 to 0.48 kGy. Kaempferol glycoside levels were 4 and ca. 3 times higher in samples exposed to 1 and 2 kGy, respectively, than in control samples. An increase in quercetin glycoside was also observed mainly in samples exposed to 1 kGy. In sensory evaluation, arugula had good acceptability, even after exposure to 2 and 4 kGy. These results indicate that irradiation has potential as a practical processing step to improve the safety of arugula.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Cecília G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Behrens
authors.forename: Kátia L O
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Maria Inés
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Destro
authors.forename: Mariza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landgraf
mesh_terms: D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010126:Ozone; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D006027:Glycosides; D044949:Kaempferols; D010126:Ozone; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin