title: Proprioceptive acuity in active rotation movements in healthy knees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ability of asymptomatic participants to discriminate between active knee rotation movements of different magnitude and to determine whether proprioceptive acuity of active knee rotation differs between limbs (dominant and nondominant and right and left).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory in an Australian university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers (N=30) without previous cruciate ligament injury or surgery, previous fracture of the lower limbs, or other lower-limb disorders in the last 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knee rotation proprioceptive acuity was determined by using our custom-designed device. The measure of proprioceptive acuity used in this study was the just-noticeable difference (JND). Participants actively rotated the knee (internal or external rotation) to 1 of 4 movement blocks and judged the magnitude of the permitted motion. Proprioceptive acuity scores, representing a participant's ability to detect small differences in magnitude of active knee rotation movements, were then calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The means of the JND for proprioceptive acuity of internal rotation (1.37 degrees +/-.11 degrees ) were significantly (P=.04) lower than for external rotation (1.6 degrees +/-.14 degrees ) regardless of side (right, left) or dominance. No significant difference was found between the mean JND for left and right knee rotations (P=.84) or between the mean JND for dominant and nondominant knee rotation (P=.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants perceived smaller differences between active internal rotation movements than external rotation. No significant difference was found between the dominant and nondominant leg or between the left and right leg; therefore, clinicians can establish whether a proprioceptive deficit exists after unilateral injury and can use acuity of the uninjured knee as a normal status for rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. qmua0120@mail.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Qassim I
authors.initials: QI
authors.lastname: Muaidi
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Refshauge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation