title: Influence of critical cues and task constraints on overarm throwing performance in elementary age children.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of critical cues and task constraints on body-component levels and maximum ball velocity. 81 children (M age = 97.8 mo.) were systematically assigned to one of four strategies. Participants completed 15 throws during each of 4 practice sessions. Differences between groups were found for body-component developmental levels and ball velocity. The differences indicate prompts to throw the ball hard and fast impact ball velocity and body-components by developmental levels. Critical cues also appear to be a useful tool to improve the step component. Results suggest the use of forceful throwing tasks, cues, and velocity feedback can be useful tools to influence throwing performance.
authors.affiliation: Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Wright State University, 324 Nutter Center, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, OH 45435, USA. kevin.lorson@wright.edu
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lorson
authors.forename: Jacqueline D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Goodway
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013663:Teaching