title: Molecular data and phylogeny of Nosema infecting lepidopteran forest defoliators in the genera Choristoneura and Malacosoma.
abstract: Nosema isolates from five lepidopteran forest defoliators, Nosema fumiferanae from spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana; a Nosema sp. from jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus and western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Nosema sp. CPP and Nosema sp. CO, respectively); Nosema thomsoni from large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana; and Nosema disstriae, from the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria were compared based on their small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. Four of the species sequenced, N. fumiferanae, Nosema sp. CPP, Nosema sp. CO, and N. disstriae have a high SSU rDNA sequence identity (0.6%-1.5%) and are members of the "true Nosema" clade. They all showed the reverse arrangement of the (large subunit [LSU]-internal transcribed spacer [ITS]-SSU) of the rRNA gene. The fifth species, N. thomsoni has the usual (SSU-ITS-LSU) arrangement and is not a member of this clade showing only an 82% sequence similarity. We speculate, therefore, that a genetic reversal may have occurred in the common ancestor to the "true Nosema" clade. Although, the mechanism for rearrangement of the rRNA gene subunits is not known we provide a possible explanation for the localization. N. fumiferanae, Nosema sp. CPP, and Nosema sp. CO clustered together on the inferred phylogenetic tree. The high sequence similarities, the reverse arrangement in the rRNA gene subunits, and the phylogenetic clustering suggest that these three species are closely related but separate species.
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5. gkyeipok@nrcan.gc.ca
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kyei-Poku
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Frankenhuyzen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D007814:Larva / Q000382:microbiology; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America; D016818:Nosema / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal