title: Parenteral transmission of the novel human parvovirus PARV4.
abstract: Transmission routes of PARV4, a newly discovered human parvovirus, were investigated by determining frequencies of persistent infections using autopsy samples from different risk groups. Predominantly parenteral routes of transmission were demonstrated by infection restricted to injection drug users and persons with hemophilia and absence of infection in homosexual men with AIDS and low-risk controls.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. peter.simmonds@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simmonds
authors.forename: Ashleigh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kenneil
authors.forename: Frances W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Carnie
authors.forename: Jeanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012307:Risk Factors