title: Breast development in the first 2 years of life: an association with soy-based infant formulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the estrogenic effect of soy-based formulas in female infants. These formulas contain significant amounts of phytoestrogens, compounds with structural similarity to estradiol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study consisting of 694 female infants ages 3 to 24 months that consecutively attended 10 general pediatric clinics, none of them having been referred for breast development. The presence of breast buds served as a marker for the endocrine effect of soy-derived phytoestrogens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the participants, 92 had consumed soy formulas for more than 3 months. Breast tissue was more prevalent in the second year of life in infants fed soy-based formula vs those that were breast-fed and those fed dairy-based formula (22.0% vs 10.3%; P = 0.02) with an odds ratio of 2.45 (95% confidence interval 1.11-5.39). No differences in breast bud prevalence were observed during the first year of life. Unlike infants on dairy-based formulas and breast-feeding, infants fed a soy-based formula did not demonstrate a decline in the prevalence of breast during the second year of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that phytoestrogens impose a preserving effect on breast tissue that is evolved in early infancy, leading eventually to a slower waning of infantile breast tissue.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. amzung2@bezeqint.net
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zung
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Zohar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kerem
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zadik
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D048789:Phytoestrogens