title: Accumulation of coronary artery disease risk factors over three years: data from an international inception cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the accumulation of risk factors over 3 years in a multicenter, international inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics registry for atherosclerosis comprises 27 centers from 11 countries. An inception cohort of 935 patients with SLE was assembled, according to a standardized protocol, from 2000 to 2006 to study risk factors for atherosclerosis. Both classic and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors were collected at entry and through 3 years of followup. Therapy was documented over the 3 years. The Framingham 10-year risk factor profile was calculated for each patient at year 1 and year 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 278 patients from the inception cohort were followed for 3 years and constituted the population for this study. At enrollment a substantial number of patients already demonstrated several risk factors for CAD, both classic and other. All risk factors increased from enrollment over the 3 years of followup. Treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia also increased over 3 years, but less so for hypercholesterolemia. The Framingham 10-year CAD risk profile was higher in men than in women both at entry and at 3 years, and remained unchanged over the 3 years. Corticosteroid use increased only slightly over 3 years, but use of antimalarials and immunosuppressive agents increased to a greater extent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with SLE should be monitored for CAD risk factors from the time of diagnosis and appropriate treatment should be instituted early.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Prognosis Studies, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. m.urowitz@toronto.ca
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Urowitz
authors.forename: D
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authors.lastname: Gladman
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authors.lastname: Ibañez
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authors.lastname: Fortin
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authors.lastname: Sanchez-Guerrero
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authors.lastname: Bae
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authors.lastname: Clarke
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authors.lastname: Bernatsky
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authors.lastname: Gordon
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authors.lastname: Hanly
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authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: D
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authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ginzler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
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authors.lastname: Steinsson
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authors.lastname: Petri
authors.forename: M A
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authors.lastname: Dooley
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authors.lastname: Bruce
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authors.lastname: Manzi
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authors.lastname: Khamashta
authors.forename: R
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authors.lastname: Ramsey-Goldman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sturfelt
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nived
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maddison
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Vollenhoven
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aranow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalunian
authors.forename: T
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authors.lastname: Stoll
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones