title: The effect of beta-cyclodextrin complexation on the bioavailability and hepatotoxicity of clotrimazole.
abstract: Clotrimazole, a poorly water-soluble antimycotic agent, is a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases including cancer and sickle cell anemia. The oral bioavailability and hepatic toxicity of clotrimazole were compared with its beta-cyclodextrin inclusion form which was prepared by the spray-drying method. The inclusion complex gave significantly higher initial plasma concentrations, Cmax and AUC than did clotrimazole alone, indicating that the drug from the inclusion compound could be more easily absorbed in rats. Furthermore, mice treated with the inclusion compound showed significantly higher GOT/GPT values compared to clotrimazole alone. The inclusion compound also induced hypertrophy of hepatic cells by fat accumulation and disappearance of hepatic sinusoids, indications of pathological changes of liver, suggesting that the inclusion compound could induce more severe tissue damage in the liver than clotrimazole alone. Thus, hepatotoxicity of clotrimazole seems to be correlated with the enhanced oral bioavailability by inclusion complexation. Our results suggest that, in the development of a novel oral product, appearance or enhancement of hepatic toxicity must be considered along with oral bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: D X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prabagar
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006207:Half-Life; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011208:Powders; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003022:Clotrimazole