title: Diffusion tensor measures of the corpus callosum in adolescents with adolescent onset alcohol use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, myelination injury is associated with alcoholism. Maturation of the corpus callosum is prominent during adolescence. We hypothesized that subjects with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders (AUD; defined as Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV alcohol dependence or abuse) would have myelination microstructural differences compared to controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescent subjects (25 males, 7 females) with an AUD (16.9 +/- 1.2 years), who were recruited from substance abuse treatment programs and had co-morbid mental disorders, and 28 sociodemographically similar healthy controls (17 males, 11 females; 15.9 +/- 1.1 years) underwent a 3.0 T MRI diffusion tensor imaging scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measures of rostral body fractional anisotropy (FA) were higher in the AUD group than in the control group. Compared to controls, mean diffusivity (MD) was lower, while FA was higher, in the AUD group in the isthmus region. Anterior corpus callosum microstructural development differed in adolescents with AUD, as age was positively (not negatively) associated with rostrum MD and age was negatively (not positively) associated with rostrum FA. There were sex by group interactions in that control females had higher posterior midbody FA when compared to female adolescents with AUD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower MD and higher FA values in the AUD group suggest pre-morbid vulnerability for accelerated prefrontal and temporo-parietal myelin maturation that may enhance the risk for adolescent AUD. Significant (and opposite to developmentally expected) correlations were seen between anterior corpus callosum MD and FA measures and age in the AUD group, suggesting neurotoxic effects of alcohol on adolescent corpus callosum microstructure. As seen in adults, female adolescents with AUD may be especially vulnerable to corpus callosum microstructural injury. Further diffusion tensor imaging studies of corpus callosum maturation in children at familial risk for alcoholism, and in those with AUD, need to be done to elucidate these mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Duke Healthy Childhood Brain Development and Developmental Traumatology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Voorhees
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gibler
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Steve G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hege
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacFall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects