title: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: non-gadolinium options for the imaging of CKD/ESRD patients.
abstract: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a severe systemic disorder developing apparently exclusively in patients in advanced renal failure who receive a gadolinium chelate contrast-enhancing agent for magnetic resonance imaging. Some other apparent risk factors have been identified but their status remains uncertain. Physicians are frequently confronted with patients at risk of NSF who need imaging. An approach to planning imaging in patients at risk to develop NSF is outlined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, UCL Hospitals, London, United Kingdom. peter.dawson@uclh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Shonit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Punwani
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D003287:Contrast Media; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium