Using outgroup comfort to predict Black students' college experiences.
This study investigated whether Black students' social comfort with Whites, termed outgroup comfort (OC), predicted outcomes related to academics and mental health. Surveys administered to Black college students near the beginning and end of their first year showed OC measured in the fall predicted outcomes assessed in the spring, including contact with other races, academic concerns among men, and psychological well-being among women. A subsample selected on the basis of high or low OC scores participated in two weeks of experience sampling, revealing students high in OC reported less state anxiety than those low in OC when in academic settings; in nonacademic settings, anxiety did not differ by OC. System-justifying ideology favoring the outgroup was controlled, thus OC is distinct from internalized oppression. Results are discussed in relation to gender differences in racial identity and college student development.
Cole
Elizabeth R
ER
Women's Studies Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1290, USA. ecole@umich.edu
Yip
Tiffany
T
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009511:New England; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011822:Race Relations; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D001741:Black or African American