title: EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A supportive ward atmosphere is considered by many to be a precondition for successful treatment in forensic psychiatry, but there is a clear need for a valid and economic climate evaluation instrument.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate a short questionnaire, designed for assessing forensic psychiatric wards. Climate dimensions measured with the 'Essen Climate Evaluation Schema' (EssenCES) are 'Therapeutic Hold', 'Patients' Cohesion and Mutual Support' and 'Safety' (versus threat of aggression and violence).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 17 forensic mental hospitals in Germany, patients and staff completed the EssenCES and other questionnaires. Problematic events were recorded over a period of 3 weeks on each ward.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anticipated three factor structure of the instrument was confirmed. The pattern of correlations also provided support for the validity of the subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The climate questionnaire is an economic and valid instrument for assessing the ward atmosphere in forensic psychiatry. Findings from a pilot study in England give confidence to the structural validity of the English version too.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. nobert.schalast@uni-duisburg-essen.de
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schalast
authors.forename: Mirja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redies
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stacey
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Howells
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010564:Personnel, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011567:Psychiatric Department, Hospital; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace