title: Peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide activate PLCgamma2, leading to enhanced cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells.
abstract: In macrophages and monocytes, microbial components trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Although major TLR signaling pathways are mediated by serine/threonine kinases, including TAK1, IKK and MAP kinases, tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins by TLR ligands has been suggested in a number of reports. Here, we demonstrated that peptidoglycan (PGN) of a Gram-positive bacterial cell wall component, a TLR2 ligand and lipopoysaccharide (LPS) of a Gram-positive bacterial component, a TLR4 ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma-2 (PLCgamma2), leading to intracellular free Ca2+ mobilization in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMphi) and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC). PGN- and LPS-induced Ca2+ mobilization was not observed in BMDC from PLCgamma2 knockout mice. Thus, PLCgamma2 is essential for TLR2 and TLR4-mediated Ca2+ flux. In PLCgamma2-knockdown cells, PGN-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and p38 activation were reduced. Moreover, PLCgamma2 was necessary for the full production of TNF-alpha and IL-6. These data indicate that the PLCgamma2 pathway plays an important role in bacterial ligands-induced activation of macrophages and dendritic cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minoda
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Giichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takaesu
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chinen
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hikida
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saeki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000494:pharmacology; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C493486:Tlr2 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma