title: Children's factual and delusional memories of intensive care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delusional memories are significantly associated with post-traumatic stress in adult patients after intensive care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we attempted to establish whether this relationship was found in children. We also examined the association between factual memory and distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred two consecutive children, aged between 7 and 17 years, were interviewed about their pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) experience 3 months after discharge from a PICU. Principal measures were the ICU Memory Tool (a checklist of intensive care memories) and an abbreviated version of the Impact of Event Scale (a screen for post-traumatic stress disorder).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 64 of 102 (63%) children reported at least one factual memory of their admission and 33 of 102 (32%) reported delusional memories, including disturbing hallucinations. Traumatic brain injury was negatively associated with factual memory (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.58; P = 0.002). Longer duration of opiates/benzodiazepines was associated with delusional memory (odds ratio, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.3-20.0; P = 0.023). Post-traumatic stress scores were higher in children reporting delusional memories (adjusted difference, 3.0; 95% CI, 0.06-5.9; P = 0.045) when illness severity and emergency status were controlled for. Factual memory was not significantly associated with post-traumatic stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that delusional memories are reported by almost one-third of children and are associated both with the duration of opiates/benzodiazepines and risk of post-traumatic stress. More research is needed on the presence of delusional memories and associated risk factors in children receiving intensive care treatment.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychology Service, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. gcolvill@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colville
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerry
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*