title: PM10 and pregnancy outcomes: a hospital-based cohort study of pregnant women in Seoul.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM10 on birth outcomes using a prospective cohort of pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  : The multicenter prospective study was conducted in Korea from 2001 to 2004. To estimate the effects of PM10 exposure on birth outcomes, the logistic and linear regression model and the generalized additive model for nonlinear relationships were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : Stillbirths were affected by PM10 level during the third trimesters (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.02-1.14), and birth defects were influenced by the PM10 exposure during the second trimesters (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.00-1.34). Intrauterine growth retardation was affected by the first trimester's PM10 exposure. On the other hand, premature birth was affected by the PM10 exposure during the third trimester, and low-birth-weight births were affected by the PM10 level during entire trimesters of pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : PM10 exposure during pregnancy may result in adverse birth outcomes with different critical periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Jin
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Byung-Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hye-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Bo-Eun
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Young-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter