title: Candida albicans versus non-albicans intensive care unit-acquired bloodstream infections: differences in risk factors and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we sought to identify differences in risk factors and outcome of critically ill patients with Candida albicans and non-albicans candidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonimmunosuppressed, nonneutropenic patients with candidemia diagnosed after intensive care unit (ICU) admission were included in a prospective observational study in a medical-surgical ICU at a tertiary academic hospital in Athens, Greece.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period (January 2001 to December 2005), 56 candidemia episodes in 1037 ICU admissions were included (5.4%). Of these patients, 36/56 (64.3%) had candidemia due to C. albicans and 20/56 (35.7%) due to non-albicans species (8/56 [14.3%] C. glabrata, 6/56 [10.7%] C. tropicalis, 3/56 [5.4%] C. parapsilosis, 1/56 [1.8%] C. lusitaniae, 1/56 [1.8%] C. krusei and 1/56 [1.8%] C. dubliniensis). Administration of glucocorticosteroids, central venous catheter placement, and preexisting candiduria were independently associated with candidemia due to C. non-albicans species (Odds ratio [OR]: 45.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-669.9; OR: 26.2, 95% CI: 2.1-334.8; and OR: 16.5, 95% CI: 1.6-173.9, respectively). The treatment response rate differed significantly between patients with C. albicans and patients with C. non-albicans bloodstream infections (29/36 [80.6%] vs 9/20 [45%], P = 0.006). Overall mortality was higher in patients with non-albicans species than C. albicans bloodstream infections (18/20 [90%] vs 19/36 [52.8%], P = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that candidemia due to non-albicans species was independently associated with death (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 1.2-37.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the subset of critically ill nonimmunosuppressed patients, candidemia caused by non-albicans species occurred more frequently in those with medical devices or receiving steroids. Candidemia due to non-albicans species was also associated with higher mortality.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Fotinie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ntziora
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rachiotis
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Falagas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002176:Candida albicans; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids