title: Do men and women differ in their course following traumatic brain injury? A preliminary prospective investigation of early outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a patient's sex on measures of outcome in a matched sample of patients admitted for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective multi-centred group comparison study based in metropolitan Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected on 25 women admitted for treatment following non-penetrating TBI. Forty-five men were then matched with regards to age and injury severity. All subjects met the study criteria of having a moderate-to-severe TBI and aged 50 years old or younger. Exclusion criteria included history of previous head injury, psychiatric disturbance and significant alcohol and/or substance abuse. Data included injury details and physiological and psychometric measures of outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women demonstrated better outcomes as indicated by their Glasgow Outcome Scale scores (adjusted for initial injury severity and age at injury odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.7) and having shorter Length of Stay (adjusted OR 9.03, 95% CI 3.13-26.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the presence of sex differences in outcome following TBI is an emerging area of research. This study indicated that, after matching for initial injury severity and age at injury, women with severe TBI demonstrate a better early outcome than men.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. shameran@biru.wsahs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Shameran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slewa-Younan
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Baguley
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heriseanu
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pitsiavas
authors.forename: Yugan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mudaliar
authors.forename: Vineet
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nayyar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones