title: Evidence of probabilistic behaviour in protein interaction networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data from high-throughput experiments of protein-protein interactions are commonly used to probe the nature of biological organization and extract functional relationships between sets of proteins. What has not been appreciated is that the underlying mechanisms involved in assembling these networks may exhibit considerable probabilistic behaviour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that the probability of an interaction between two proteins is generally proportional to the numerical product of their individual interacting partners, or degrees. The degree-weighted behaviour is manifested throughout the protein-protein interaction networks studied here, except for the high-degree, or hub, interaction areas. However, we find that the probabilities of interaction between the hubs are still high. Further evidence is provided by path length analyses, which show that these hubs are separated by very few links.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that protein-protein interaction networks incorporate probabilistic elements that lead to scale-rich hierarchical architectures. These observations seem to be at odds with a biologically-guided organization. One interpretation of the findings is that we are witnessing the ability of proteins to indiscriminately bind rather than the protein-protein interactions that are actually utilized by the cell in biological processes. Therefore, the topological study of a degree-weighted network requires a more refined methodology to extract biological information about pathways, modules, or other inferred relationships among proteins.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U,S, Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Ft, Detrick, MD 21702, USA. jivanic@bioanalysis.org
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanic
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallqvist
authors.forename: Jaques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reifman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000378:metabolism; D011336:Probability; D011485:Protein Binding; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins