title: The influence of caregiver singing and background music on vocally expressed emotions and moods in dementia care: a qualitative analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Music and singing are considered to have a strong impact on human emotions. Such an effect has been demonstrated in caregiving contexts with dementia patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to illuminate vocally expressed emotions and moods in the communication between caregivers and persons with severe dementia during morning care sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of caring sessions were compared: the "usual" way, with no music; with background music playing; and with the caregiver singing to and/or with the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine persons with severe dementia living in a nursing home in Sweden and five professional caregivers participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative content analysis was used to examine videotaped recordings of morning care sessions, with a focus on vocally expressed emotions and moods during verbal communication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to no music, the presence of background music and caregiver singing improved the mutuality of the communication between caregiver and patient, creating a joint sense of vitality. Positive emotions were enhanced, and aggressiveness was diminished. Whereas background music increased the sense of playfulness, caregiver singing enhanced the sense of sincerity and intimacy in the interaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caregiver singing and background music can help the caregiver improve the patient's ability to express positive emotions and moods, and to elicit a sense of vitality on the part of the person with severe dementia. The results further support the value of caregiver singing as a method to improve the quality of dementia care.
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden. eva.gotell@mdh.se
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Götell
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Sirkka-Liisa
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ekman
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D017028:Caregivers; D003704:Dementia / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music