title: Anterior open bite and speech disorders in children with Down syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and to determine if there is an association between anterior open bite and the presence of speech disorders in a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DG) and a control group (CG) of Mexican pediatric patients without disabilities matched by age. The children in both groups came from families having children with anterior open bite and children without it. A parental questionnaire, dental study casts, and a speech test were used to measure the studied variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test (chi(2) test), and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of anterior open bite was 31.6% in the DG and 22.8% in the CG. The total speech errors by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions indicated that there were significant differences between both groups (F = 31.68, P < .001). In general, no significant difference in speech disorders was observed between the DG and the CG regardless of the presence of anterior open bite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No association existed between speech disorders and anterior open bite in the samples studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Public Health, School of Dentistry, University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. rlopez@correo.unam.mx
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Pérez
authors.forename: S Aida
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Borges-Yáñez
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López-Morales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D024343:Open Bite / Q000209:etiology*; D010700:Phonetics; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000150:complications*