title: Peripheral nerve injury-induced changes in spinal alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated modulation of mechanically evoked dorsal horn neuronal responses.
abstract: Peripheral nerve injury has been associated with changes in the modulatory action of noradrenergic pathways on nociceptive traffic through the spinal cord. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess whether endogenous noradrenergic descending inhibition, acting via spinal alpha(2)-receptors, is altered after peripheral nerve damage. We investigated the effects of spinal administration of a selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, atipamezole, on the evoked activity of deep dorsal horn neurons in animals with selective spinal nerve ligation (SNL) compared with a sham-operated group. Intrathecal administration of atipamezole (1, 10, and 100 microg) did not produce any significant effects on the electrically evoked neuronal responses in either animal group, with the exception of a small but significant enhancement of the postdischarge in the sham control group only. Similarly, no significant effects were observed with the heat-evoked neuronal responses in either group. Interestingly, atipamezole significantly increased the evoked responses of neurons to low-intensity mechanical stimuli in the sham control group but was without effect in the SNL group. Thus, our findings suggest that peripheral nerve injury can result in the suppression of noradrenergic spinal alpha(2)-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuronal activity evoked by low-intensity mechanical stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a tonically active noradrenergic inhibition of mechanically evoked spinal dorsal horn neuronal responses is lost after nerve injury. This shift in the balance of noradrenergic controls may be one of the many underlying mechanisms by which behavioral symptoms of hypersensitivity develop after nerve damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. w.rahman@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Wahida
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Mello
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dickenson
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D007093:Imidazoles; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; C050701:atipamezole; D009638:Norepinephrine