title: Limitations of intraoperative adrenal remnant volume measurement in patients undergoing subtotal adrenalectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that a minimum of approximately one-third of one normal adrenal gland is required for sufficient adrenocortical stress capacity. Correlation between intraoperative measurement, determination of remnant size by computed tomography (CT), and adrenocortical stress capacity has not been examined so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with familial pheochromocytoma (n=13), sporadic pheochromocytoma (n=3), and adrenocortical tumors (n=6) who underwent unilateral or bilateral subtotal adrenalectomy (STAE, 28 adrenal remnants) were prospectively studied. Patients were examined in a multi-slice CT to determine residual adrenal tissue and by ACTH test 4 days and 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a slight significant correlation between intraoperative and CT calculated volumes (r=0.77; p<0.001). However, volumes assessed by CT were almost doubled compared with intraoperative determination (p<0.001). Although recovery of adrenal function could be observed, no significant changes of remnant volumes could be detected within 3 months. In patients with familial pheochromocytoma, there was a significant correlation between residual adrenal volume and stimulated cortisol levels (P<0.001). A distinct minimum of adrenal volume for intact adrenocortical stress capacity could not be exactly determined; however, in one patient with only 10% residual adrenal tissue intact stress capacity was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual adrenal tissue of approximately 10-15% offers intact stress capacity. However, an exact determination of the size of an adrenal remnant after STAE has limitations. CT gives larger volumes compared with intraoperative determination. For calculation of a volume-function correlation of residual adrenal tissue, in clinical practice, the determination of relative adrenal residual volume is acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06097 Halle/Saale, Germany. michael.brauckhoff@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brauckhoff
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sekulla
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brauckhoff
authors.forename: Phuong Nguyen
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Thanh
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gimm
authors.forename: Rolf Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Spielmann
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dralle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000304:Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed