title: Thiazolidinedione drugs block cardiac KATP channels and may increase propensity for ischaemic ventricular fibrillation in pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Opening of ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels during myocardial ischaemia shortens action potential duration and is believed to be an adaptive, energy-sparing response. Thiazolidinedione drugs block K(ATP) channels in non-cardiac cells in vitro. This study determined whether thiazolidinedione drugs block cardiac K(ATP) channels in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiments in 68 anaesthetised pigs determined: (1) effects of inert vehicle, troglitazone (10 mg/kg i.v.) or rosiglitazone (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg i.v.) on epicardial monophasic action potential (MAP) during 90 min low-flow ischaemia; (2) effects of troglitazone, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (1 mg/kg i.v.) on response of MAP to intracoronary infusion of a K(ATP) channel opener, levcromakalim; and (3) effects of inert vehicle, rosiglitazone (1 mg/kg i.v.) or the sarcolemmal K(ATP) blocker HMR-1098 on time to onset of ventricular fibrillation following complete coronary occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With vehicle, epicardial MAP shortened by 44+/-9 ms during ischaemia. This effect was attenuated to 12+/-8 ms with troglitazone and 6+/-6 ms with rosiglitazone (p<0.01 for both vs vehicle), suggesting K(ATP) blockade. Intracoronary levcromakalim shortened MAP by 38+/-10 ms, an effect attenuated to 12+/-8, 13+/-4 and 9+/-5 ms during co-treatment with troglitazone, rosiglitazone or pioglitazone (p<0.05 for each), confirming K(ATP) blockade. During coronary occlusion, median time to ventricular fibrillation was 29 min in pigs treated with vehicle and 6 min in pigs treated with rosiglitazone or HMR-1098 (p<0.05 for both vs vehicle), indicating that K(ATP) blockade promotes ischaemic ventricular fibrillation in this model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiazolidinedione drugs block cardiac K(ATP) channels at clinically relevant doses and promote onset of ventricular fibrillation during severe ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chicco
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Greyson
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013552:Swine; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D054086:KATP Channels; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone