title: Bone-marrow transplantation fails to halt intrathecal lymphocyte activation in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Given the presumed key role for autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment strategies have been developed to ablate lymphocyte activity. Intrathecal lymphocyte activation can be measured by CSF-soluble(s)CD27.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of maximum whole-body immune ablation on two different markers that detect lymphocyte activation in CSF-oligoclonal IgG bands and levels of CSF-sCD27.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study quantified sCD27 levels and assessed the presence of oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF samples of secondary progressive patients with MS treated by autologous bone-marrow transplantation. In eight individuals, CSF was taken before and 6-9 months after conditioning. CSF-sCD27 levels were compared with other MS and non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. Regarding the effect of stem-cell transplantation on CSF oligoclonal bands, the study analysed pooled data of this and four other international studies on stem-cell transplantation in MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF-sCD27 was significantly lower after the extremely immunoablative protocol. However, levels remained elevated compared with non-inflammatory controls and stayed within the range observed in other MS controls. The joint analysis of CSF oligoclonal bands demonstrated persistence of this immune abnormality in 88% of the reported cases (n = 34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistence of CSF lymphocyte activation markers sCD27 and intrathecal oligoclonal IgG bands after maximum immunoablative treatment indicates that complete eradication of activated lymphocytes from the CNS has not been established. This is paralleled by disease progression observed in several studies on the effect of stem-cell transplantation in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical School, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mondria
authors.forename: C H J
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: P A W
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: te Boekhorst
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gratama
authors.forename: R Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Hintzen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000276:immunology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D043025:Oligoclonal Bands