title: Comparison of three schedules of intravesical epirubicin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the additive effect of either an early instillation or maintenance instillations of adjuvant intravesical epirubicin, as compared to the epirubicin "standard" treatment schedule only, in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with intermediate- and high-risk urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, except carcinoma in situ, were randomised for adjuvant intravesical instillations with 50mg epirubicin/50 ml NaCl for 1h. Group 1 received 4 weekly and 5 monthly instillations (standard schedule), group 2 received the same schedule as group 1, but with an additional instillation <48 h after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and group 3 received the same scheme as group 1, but with additional instillations at 9 and 12 mo (maintenance schedule). Standard follow-up was 5 yr and consisted of cystoscopy, cytology, and registration of adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 731 patients were eligible for quasi intention-to-treat analysis. Side-effects were minimal for all treatment groups. After 5-yr follow-up, respectively, 44.4%, 42.7%, and 45.0% (log-rank test, p=0.712) of the patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 were recurrence free, and 90.0%, 87.7%, and 88.2% (log-rank test, p=0.593) of the patients, respectively, were progression free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the quasi intention-to-treat analysis there is no difference in the 5-yr recurrence-free period between the treatment groups, despite one instillation within 48 h of TURBT or two maintenance instillations up to 1 yr, in addition to the "standard" schedule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hendricksen
authors.forename: Wim P J
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Idema
authors.forename: Jan J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kums
authors.forename: Oncko B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: van Vierssen Trip
authors.forename: Marcel J F M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vergunst
authors.forename: Christien T M
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Caris
authors.forename: Maria H D
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Janzing-Pastors
authors.forename: J Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D015251:Epirubicin