title: Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism and X-chromosome inactivation in children with premature adrenarche.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is variation in the adrenal androgen levels and clinical findings of children with premature adrenarche (PA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that androgen sensitivity, indicated by the length of CAG repeat in the X-chromosomal androgen receptor (AR) gene has a role in the polygenic pathogenesis of PA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional association study among 73 Finnish Caucasian children with PA (10 boys and 63 girls) and 97 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (18 boys and 79 girls).
  
  
  METHODS
  AR gene methylation-weighted CAG(n)(mwCAG(n)) via CAG(n) length and X-chromosome inactivation analysis and clinical phenotype were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study took place at a university hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA subjects had significantly shorter mwCAG(n) than controls [mean difference (95% confidence interval); 0.76 (0.14-1.38); P = 0.017]. AR gene mwCAG(n) did not correlate with androgen or SHBG levels in either group. In children with PA, mwCAG(n) correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (tau = 0.19; P = 0.02). The mean of mwCAG(n) was significantly shorter in PA children with lower BMI compared with PA children with higher BMI [BMI sd score < 0.79, n = 35, vs. BMI sd score > 0.79, n = 36; 1.13 (0.38-1.87), P = 0.004] and in PA children with lower BMI compared with healthy children with same BMI (P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AR gene CAG(n) polymorphism may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of PA, especially in lean children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University and University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. saila.lappalainen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Saila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Pauliina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Utriainen
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuulasmaa
authors.forename: Raimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jääskeläinen
mesh_terms: D050499:Adrenarche / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen