title: Effects of carprofen and meloxicam with or without butorphanol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs.
abstract: Sparing effects of carprofen and meloxicam with or without butorphanol on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane were determined in 6 dogs. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen, and MAC was determined by use of a tail clamp method. The dogs were administered a subcutaneous injection of carprofen (4 mg/kg) or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg), or no medication (control) one hour prior to induction of anesthesia. Following the initial determination of MAC, butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly, and MAC was determined again. The sevoflurane MACs for carprofen alone (2.10 +/- 0.26%) and meloxicam alone (2.06 +/- 0.20%) were significantly less than the control (2.39 +/- 0.26%). The sevoflurane MACs for the combination of carprofen with butorphanol (1.78 +/- 0.20%) and meloxicam with butorphanol (1.66 +/- 0.29%) were also significantly less than the control value after the administration of butorphanol (2.12 +/- 0.28%). The sevoflurane sparing effects of the combinations of carprofen with butorphanol and meloxicam with butorphanol were additive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan. yamasita@rakuno.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Tokiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kushiro
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C007005:carprofen; D002077:Butorphanol; D000077239:Meloxicam