title: Antioxidant effects of vitamins C and E, multivitamin-mineral complex and flavonoids in a model of retinal oxidative stress: the ApoE-deficient mouse.
abstract: The aim of the current study was to investigate the biochemical changes in the plasma and retina of apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice supplemented with various antioxidants. Ten wild type (WT-Con, C57BL/6) and 10 apoE-/- (AE-Con) mice received drinking water. Another 40 apoE-/- animals were divided into four groups of 10 mice each and received either chromocarbe diethylamine (AE-CD, 50mg/kg), cyaninosides chloride (AE-CC, 50mg/kg), multivitamin complex (AE-MC, 50mg/kg), or vitamins C and E (AE-CE, 100mg/kg and 200IU/kg). Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) were measured in plasma, and TBARS and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration were determined in retinal homogenates. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine the retinal ultrastructure. AE-Con mice had significantly (P<0.05) increased oxidative stress in the plasma and retina with augmented production of retinal NOx compared with WT-Con mice. Retinal TBARS decreased in the AE-MC and AE-CE animals compared with the AE-Con group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Only AE-CE treatment significantly (P<0.01) lowered retinal NOx. Morphologic retinal changes in the AE-Con group decreased in the AE-CE and AE-MC groups. There were no significant changes in the biochemical and structural parameters in the AE-CD and AE-CC groups. AE-Con mice had increased systemic and retinal oxidative stress compared with WT-Con animals. Vitamins C and E and the multivitamin-mineral complex reduced oxidative stress and ultrastructural retinal changes in this murine model of hypercholesterolemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sádaba
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fernández-Robredo
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Layana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006952:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type III / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001205:Ascorbic Acid