title: Poultry drinking water used for avian influenza surveillance.
abstract: Samples of drinking water from poultry cages, which can be collected conveniently and noninvasively, provide higher rates of influenza (H9N2) virus isolation than do samples of fecal droppings. Studies to confirm the usefulness of poultry drinking water for detecting influenza (H5N1) should be conducted in disease-endemic areas.
authors.affiliation: The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y H Connie
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-Kin
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Chun-Lok
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Chi-Fung
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Chun-Kuen
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: J S Malik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Peiris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004326:Drinking; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D046094:Galliformes / Q000821:virology; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011200:Poultry / Q000821:virology*; D014871:Water Microbiology