title: VEP maturation and visual acuity in infants and preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visual processes continue to mature well into childhood, due to the development of the retina, optic nerve, visual pathway and visual cortex. Normal development of visual acuity and maturation of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) have been well studied, although rarely for their correlation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the same population of infants and preschool children for their VEP maturation to flash, pattern-reversal (reversal) and pattern-onset (onset) stimulation, which are normally used in our everyday clinical protocol, and to determine the relationships between the VEP parameters obtained and the development of visual acuity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one healthy children from 1.5 months to 7.5 years old were included. Their visual acuity for distance was tested with Teller Acuity Cards (<2 years of age) and Cambridge Visual Acuity Crowding Cards (>2 years of age). VEP latencies and amplitudes were evaluated to flash (P2 wave), reversal (P100 wave) and onset (C1 wave) binocular stimulation. For reversal and onset stimulation, checkerboard pattern (check) sizes of 25', 50' and 100' were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-dependent exponential decreases in latencies to flash, reversal and onset stimulation were seen. For amplitudes, there was an age-dependent increase only to onset stimulation. There was a significant correlation between VEPs and visual acuity (P < 0.05) for latencies to flash, reversal and onset stimulation and amplitudes to onset stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate the expected maturation of flash, reversal and onset VEPs, and demonstrate their correlation to normal development of visual acuity. Maturation of VEP latencies is associated with development of visual acuity.
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, University Medical Centre, Grabloviceva 46, Ljubljana, 1525, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lenassi
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Likar
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stirn-Kranjc
authors.forename: Jelka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brecelj
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology