title: A1C in children and adolescents with diabetes in relation to certain clinical parameters: the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry SWEDIABKIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the relationship between A1C and insulin regimen, duration of diabetes, age, sex, and BMI as well as the differences between clinical mean A1C levels at pediatric diabetes clinics in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 18,651 clinical outpatient visits (1,033 girls and 1,147 boys) at 20 pediatric clinics during 2001 and 2002 registered in the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry SWEDIABKIDS, a national quality registry, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A1C was <7.0% (target value approximately 8% per Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program standards) at 35% of the visits. Girls had significantly higher mean A1C than boys during adolescence. High mean A1C was correlated with high mean insulin dose, long duration of diabetes, and older age. Mean A1C varied between clinics (6.8-8.2%). Differences between centers could not be explained by differences in diabetes duration, age, BMI, or insulin dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents with a high insulin dose and a long duration of diabetes, especially girls, need to be focused on. Differences in mean values between centers remained inexplicable and require further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. lena.hanberger@lio.se
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hanberger
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin