title: Atherogenecity of LDL and unfavorable adipokine profile in metabolically obese, normal-weight woman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship of visceral adiposity with adipocytokines and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle distribution and oxidation in Asian metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW) individuals has not been evaluated. We aimed to investigate the association between visceral adiposity and adipocytokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in MONW Korean women with normal glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the metabolic characteristics of 135 non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m(2)) women aged 25-64 years. Twenty-five women (BMI <25 kg/m(2) and visceral fat adiposity (VFA) > or =100 cm(2)) were classified as MONW and 25 women (BMI <25 kg/m(2) and VFA <100 cm(2)), pair-matched for age, weight, height, and menopausal status, as control group. Plasma lipid profiles and adipocytokines were evaluated in these two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MONW subjects had higher systolic (P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.005) and higher concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) (P < 0.005), insulin (P < 0.01), and free fatty acid (FFA) (P < 0.05) than control subjects. There was no significant difference between two groups in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations; however, MONW subjects had smaller LDL particles (P < 0.01) and higher concentrations of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) (P < 0.05) compared with controls. Moreover, MONW subjects had higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (P < 0.05), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), and lower plasma adiponectin concentrations (P < 0.05). Higher intake of saturated fat with lower ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lower fiber intake than normal subjects were found in MONW women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found an unfavorable inflammatory profile and a more atherogenic LDL profile in MONW female subjects even in the absence of a known CVD risk factors. Moreover, MONW consumed more saturated fat and less fiber than the control group.
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: O Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010316:Particle Size; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein