title: Nondestructive scat sampling in assessment of mink (Mustela vison) exposed to polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).
abstract: The mink (Mustela vison) is often utilized as a sentinel species for ecological assessments at sites where contaminants of concern include dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Utilizing mink scat as a nondestructive tool to determine internal exposure to dioxin-like compounds may allow for rapid, accurate estimates of exposure without the need to capture mink or their prey. To determine the relationships between concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in tissues (liver and adipose) and those in scat, mink were fed PCDFs in scat during a controlled laboratory study for 180 days. Mink were fed a control diet, diets with three doses of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF), and a diet with an environmentally relevant mixture of the two congeners. Concentrations of PCDFs in liver and adipose were measured after 0, 90, and 180 days of exposure. Concentrations of the two PCDF congeners in mink scat were determined after 2, 23, 45, 90, and 180 days of exposure. Concentrations of both PCDF congeners in scat were significantly correlated with those in liver and adipose tissue (r(2) = 0.94-0.97, p < 0.01). This indicates that measurements of concentrations of both PCDFs in scat can be used to predict concentrations of PCDFs in liver and adipose. Assimilation and elimination characteristics of 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF or 2,3,7,8,-TCDF and a mixture of the two congeners by mink could be predicted from concentrations of these congeners in scat. Overall, concentrations of PCDFs in mink scat can be used as a rapid and inexpensive nondestructive method to predict concentrations of PCDFs in mink when certain assumptions are met.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Center for Integrative Toxicology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zwiernik
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Jong Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Khim
authors.forename: Lisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Denise P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bursian
authors.forename: Lesa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008907:Mink / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants