title: Quantum theory of orbital magnetization and its generalization to interacting systems.
abstract: Based on standard perturbation theory, we present a full quantum derivation of the formula for the orbital magnetization in periodic systems. The derivation is generally valid for insulators with or without a Chern number, for metals at zero or finite temperatures, and at weak as well as strong magnetic fields. The formula is shown to be valid in the presence of electron-electron interaction, provided the one-electron energies and wave functions are calculated self-consistently within the framework of the exact current and spin-density functional theory.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics and ICQS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Junren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vignale
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Niu