title: Glycyrrhizin prevents of lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced liver injury through down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in mice.
abstract: Glycyrrhizin, a biological active compound isolated from the liquorice root, has been used as a treatment for chronic hepatitis. We have examined the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 in the development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced liver injury in mice. We also investigated the effect of glycyrrhizin on expression of MMP-9 in this model. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased after LPS/ GalN treatment. Expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein was markedly up-regulated in liver tissues 6-8 h after LPS/GalN treatment. Pretreatment with glycyrrhizin (50 mg kg(-1)) and the MMP inhibitor (5 mg kg(-1)) suppressed increases in serum levels of ALT and AST in mice treated with LPS/GalN. Furthermore, glycyrrhizin inhibited levels of both mRNA and protein for MMP-9. Immunohistochemical reaction for MMP-9 was observed in macrophages/monocytes infiltrated in the inflammatory area of liver injury. Glycyrrhizin reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and immunoreactive MMP- 9 in liver injury. The results indicated that MMP-9 played a role in the development of LPS/GalN- induced mouse liver injury, and suggested that an inhibition by glycyrrhizin of the acute liver injury may have been due to a down-regulation of MMP-9.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacological Research Department, Minophagen Pharmaceutical Co., Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshitsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid; D005688:Galactosamine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9