title: Evaluating and defining the sharpness of intraocular lenses: microedge structure of commercially available square-edged hydrophobic lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the microstructure of the edges of currently available square-edged hydrophobic intraocular lenses (IOLs) in terms of their deviation from an ideal square.
  
  
  METHODS
  Berlin Eye Research Institute, Berlin, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen designs of hydrophobic acrylic or silicone IOLs were studied. For each design, a +20.0 diopter (D) IOL and a +0.0 D IOL (or the lowest available plus dioptric power) were evaluated. The IOL edge was imaged under high-magnification scanning electron microscopy using a standardized technique. The area above the lateral-posterior edge, representing the deviation from a perfect square, was measured in square microns using reference circles of 40 microm and 60 microm of radius and the AutoCAD LT 2000 system (Autodesk). The IOLs were compared with an experimental square-edged poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOL (reference IOL) with an edge design that effectively stopped lens epithelial cell growth in culture in a preliminary study. Two round-edged silicone IOLs were used as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hydrophobic IOLs used, labeled as square-edged IOLs, had an area of deviation from a perfect square ranging from 4.8 to 338.4 microm(2) (40 microm radius reference circle) and from 0.2 to 524.4 microm(2) (60 microm radius circle). The deviation area for the square-edged PMMA IOL was 34.0 microm(2) with a 40 microm radius circle and 37.5 microm(2) with a 60 microm radius circle. The respective values for the +20.0 D control silicone IOL were 729.3 microm(2) and 1525.3 microm(2) and for the +0.0 D control silicone IOL, 727.3 microm(2) and 1512.7 microm(2). Seven silicone IOLs of 5 designs had area values that were close to those of the reference square-edged PMMA IOL. Several differences in edge finishing between the IOLs analyzed were also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a large variation in the deviation area from a perfect square as well as in the edge finishing, not only between different IOL designs but also between different powers of the same design. Clinically, factors such as the shrink-wrapping of the IOL by the capsule may even out or modify the influence of these variations in terms of preventing posterior capsule opacification.
authors.affiliation: Berlin Eye Research Institute, Berlin, Germany. werner.liliana@gmail.com
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetz
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012826:Silicone Elastomers
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate