title: Associated factors and impact of myocarditis in patients with SLE from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LV). [corrected].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factors associated with myocarditis and its impact on disease outcomes in SLE patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  SLE patients aged > or = 16 yrs, disease duration < or = 5 yrs from LUMINA (LUpus in Minorities: NAture vs nurture), a multiethnic US cohort, were studied. Myocarditis was defined as per the category 3 of the pericarditis/myocarditis item of the SLAM-Revised (SLAM-R). Patients with concurrent pericardial involvement were excluded. Patients with myocarditis were compared with those without myocarditis or its sequelae in the preceding year. The association between myocarditis and baseline variables (T(0)) was first examined. The impact of myocarditis on disease activity over time (SLAM-R), damage accrual [SLICC Damage Index (SDI)] at last visit (T(L)) and mortality was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three of the 496 patients studied had myocarditis. African American ethnicity [Odds ratio (OR) = 12.6; 95% CI 1.6, 97.8] and SLAM-R at diagnosis (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.1) were significantly and independently associated with myocarditis. Myocarditis did not predict disease activity over time, but approached significance as a predictor of SDI at T(L) in multivariable analyses P = 0.051. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that myocarditis was associated with shorter survival (log-rank = 4.87, P = 0.02), particularly in patients with > or = 5 yrs disease; however, myocarditis was not retained in the Cox proportional hazards regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnicity and disease activity at diagnosis were associated with the occurrence of myocarditis in SLE. Myocarditis did not significantly impact on disease activity over time, but impacts some on damage accrual and survival, reflecting overall the more severe disease those patients experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vilá
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kaslow
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reveille
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data