title: Constriction rings: the missing link.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amniotic band syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity with a spectrum of presentation including constriction rings, syndactyly, amputations, and spontaneous abortion. The bands themselves are not present at the time of birth. This has created controversy regarding the pathogenesis of the disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The unusual case of a neonate with a persistent band of fibrous amniotic material and the associated deformity of a constriction ring is evaluated. The significance of this unique case is discussed in the context of existing understanding of the syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amniotic band was released in the neonatal intensive care unit shortly after birth. Despite removal of the band, the constriction ring persisted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a fibrous amniotic band at the site of a constriction ring is an extremely unusual finding. This case further demonstrates the importance of amniotic material in the etiology of constriction rings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. mwkiehn@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiehn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leshem
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zuker