title: Efficacy of three different ablative procedures to treat atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease: a randomised trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various modifications have been proposed to the original Cox's Maze procedure due to concerns about the long bypass and cross clamp times. The efficacy of these procedures has been studied and reported. We conducted a randomised prospective study to compare three procedures, differing in extent, of ablation in patients in atrial fibrillation who were undergoing surgery for rheumatic valvular heart disease. These procedures utilised radiofrequency in the bipolar mode. The extent of ablation was (1) biatrial (replication of the Cox Maze) (2) left atrial portion of the Cox Maze and (3) pulmonary vein isolation along with a control group (the No Maze group). Conversion rate to sinus rhythm was studied over a mid-term follow-up period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 patients were studied with 40 patients in each group. Antiarrhythmic drugs were not used in the three months preceding surgery and for seven days postoperatively. The patients underwent surgery for their valve disease along with the ablative procedure as per randomisation using radiofrequency microbipolar coagulation and cryoablation. They were followed up and were evaluated for symptomatic improvement, rhythm with ECG documentation and 2D echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up was available for 133 patients. Mid-term results showed that sinus rhythm was restored in 62.5% patients of Biatrial Maze group and 57.5% in the Left Atrial Maze. In the Pulmonary Vein Isolation Maze group, 67.5% patients converted to NSR whereas in the No Maze group only 20% patients were in sinus rhythm (p value for all the groups was 0.001 when compared to the No Maze group). The incidence of other arrhythmias was not significant and there were no other major complications. All the patients in sinus rhythm at follow-up were in NYHA functional class I-II and showed good effort tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results achieved with the three ablative procedures are comparable. Therefore lesser procedures viz. Left Atrial Maze and the Pulmonary Vein Isolation Maze procedures must be studied further with the additional use of antiarrhythmic drugs.
authors.affiliation: K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Susheel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Javali
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.forename: Vasudev
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Jayant
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khandekar
authors.forename: Nandkishor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Anil Madhav
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000601:surgery