title: Potential use of DNA barcodes in regulatory science: applications of the Regulatory Fish Encyclopedia.
abstract: The use of a DNA-based identification system (DNA barcoding) founded on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was investigated for updating the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Fish Encyclopedia (RFE; http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/-frf/rfe0.html). The RFE is a compilation of data used to identify fish species. It was compiled to help regulators identify species substitution that could result in potential adverse health consequences or could be a source of economic fraud. For each of many aquatic species commonly sold in the United States, the RFE includes high-resolution photographs of whole fish and their marketed product forms and species-specific biochemical patterns for authenticated fish species. These patterns currently include data from isoelectric focusing studies. In this article, we describe the generation of DNA barcodes for 172 individual authenticated fish representing 72 species from 27 families contained in the RFE. These barcode sequences can be used as an additional identification resource. In a blind study, 60 unknown fish muscle samples were barcoded, and the results were compared with the RFE barcode reference library. All 60 samples were correctly identified to species based on the barcoding data. Our study indicates that DNA barcoding can be a powerful tool for species identification and has broad potential applications.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. haile.yancy@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Haile F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Yancy
authors.forename: Tyler S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Zemlak
authors.forename: Jacquline A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Jewell D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tenge
authors.forename: Ngoc-Lan T
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Warren E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Savary
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Frederick S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Spring C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Paul D N
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hebert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV