The association between personal habits and bladder cancer in Turkey.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we analyzed the effect of Turkish coffee and black tea consumption, alcohol intake and smoking on bladder cancer.


METHODS
A total of 164 patients with bladder tumors and 324 individuals without primary tumors were included in the study. The habits of coffee and tea consumption, alcohol intake and smoking were queried.


RESULTS
No association was found between bladder cancer and drinking coffee (p=0.89) and tea (p=0.37), but alcohol intake was found to be associated, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.85 (95% CI 1.15-2.96; p=0.009). While there was a relationship between bladder cancer and smoking and quitting smoking (OR: 4.84 [95% CI 2.93-8.00; p<0.001] and OR: 4.10 [95% CI 2.41-6.97; p<0.001] respectively), the associations between bladder cancer and smoking and quitting smoking were similar (OR: 1.18, 95% CI 0.74-1.86; p=0.477). Smoking<10 cigarettes a day created an OR of 2.14 (95% CI 1.11-4.12; p<0.001); 10-20 cigarettes an OR of 4.50 (95% CI 2.74-7.37; p<0.001); >20 cigarettes an OR of 14.85 (95% CI 6.83-32.27; p<0.001); smoking by inhaling the smoke an OR of 4.72 (95% CI 2.94-7.59; p<0.001), and smoking by not inhaling the smoke an OR of 3.34 (95% CI 1.75-6.38; p<0.001). The associations between bladder cancer and inhaling smoke and not inhaling smoke were similar (OR: 1.41, 95% CI 0.85-2.48; p=0.228).


CONCLUSIONS
We found that smoking and alcohol consumption are closely connected with bladder cancer. Our data showed that not inhaling the smoke was as much associated with bladder cancer as inhaling the smoke. The association between smoking and bladder cancer lasts after quitting smoking.
Demirel
Fuat
F
Department of Urology, SB Ankara Diskapi Training Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
Cakan
Murat
M
Yalçinkaya
Fatih
F
Topcuoglu
Murat
M
Altug
Ugur
U
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013662:Tea / Q000009:adverse effects; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea