title: Surgeon-performed ultrasonography as an adjunct to minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy in 100 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether surgeon-performed ultrasonography (SPU) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative preoperative sestamibi scans improves adenoma localization, increases the directed unilateral exploration rate, and reduces operative time and length of hospital stay.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism encountered between January 1, 2005, and March 31, 2007. Patients underwent preoperative sestamibi scanning and SPU. Minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) was performed on patients with positive sestamibi scans. In sestamibi scan-negative patients, unilateral exploration was performed with removal of the adenoma, which was submitted for frozen section. Accuracy, operative time, hospital length of stay, mortality, and morbidity were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 100 patients, 79 had positive sestamibi scans and underwent MIRP. Twenty-one had negative sestamibi scans, 18 of whom underwent SPU. Parathyroid adenoma was localized in 17 (94%) of the 18 patients. Operative time and length of hospital stay were not significantly different between sestamibi scan-negative patients who underwent SPU with directed unilateral exploration and sestamibi scan-positive patients who underwent MIRP (operative time: 46 minutes vs 38 minutes, respectively; length of hospital stay: 17.8 hours vs 16.1 hours, respectively). Operative time and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in sestamibi scan-negative patients who underwent SPU with directed unilateral exploration and in patients who underwent MIRP than in historical controls who underwent 4-gland exploration (P<.01 for both outcomes). No morbidity or mortality was documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPU localizes 94% of adenomas in sestamibi scan-negative patients, which allows for directed unilateral exploration and results in operative time and length of hospital stay not significantly different from patients undergoing MIRP.
authors.affiliation: Austin Surgeons, PLLC, Seton Medical Center, Austin, Texas 78746, USA.
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: Brant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Askew
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abikhalid
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meynig
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Lamar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013997:Time Factors; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi