title: Effect of three commercial mouth rinses on cultured human gingival fibroblast: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of three commercial mouth rinses (Hexidine 0.2%, Listerine Cool Mint, Betadine 1%) upon cultured human gingival fibroblast proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and incubated in Dulbecco's Minimum Eagle's Medium containing Chlorhexidine, Listerine, Povidone-Iodine at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 100% of the given solution) at 37 degrees C for 1, 5 and 15 min. Control cells received an equal volume of Dulbecco's Minimum Eagle's Medium without adding mouth rinses, for similar duration of exposure at 37 degrees C. Following incubation the media were removed, cells were washed twice with medium, supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, and fibroblasts in the test and control group were allowed to recover in the same media for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all the three groups, the proliferation inhibition was dependent on the concentration of solublized mouth rinses in the cell culture but independent of the duration of exposure to all three mouth rinses. The results showed that all three solutions were toxic to cultured human gingival fibroblasts, Chlorhexidine being the most cytotoxic. It was seen that at dilute concentrations (1% and 2% of given solutions) Listerine was more cytotoxic than Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Povidone-Iodine are capable of inducing a dose-dependent reduction in cellular proliferation of fibroblasts. The results presented are interesting, but to know the clinical significance, further studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Maduravoyal, Chennai, India.
authors.lastname: Flemingson
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emmadi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambalavanan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijayalakshmi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000633:toxicity; D012459:Salicylates / Q000633:toxicity; D013729:Terpenes / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; D011206:Povidone-Iodine; D002710:Chlorhexidine