title: The Catalan version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale: a useful instrument to assess catastrophic thinking in whiplash patients.
abstract: The main aims of this work were to test the psychometric properties of the Catalan version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and to assess the usefulness of the scale when used with whiplash patients. This article reports results from 2 complementary studies. In the first one, the PCS was administered to 280 students and 146 chronic pain patients to examine the psychometric properties of a new Catalan version of the instrument. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a second-order structure, in which 3 second-order factors (ie, rumination, helplessness, and magnification) load in a higher-order factor (ie, catastrophizing). The reliability of the Catalan version was supported by an acceptable internal consistency and test-retest values. Validity was supported by the correlations found among the PCS and pain intensity, pain interference, and depression. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the PCS when used with whiplash patients. In this second study, 141 patients with whiplash disorders participated. In general, the psychometric properties of the PCS were found appropriate, with factor analysis supporting the structure described in patients with chronic pain. Our data suggest that the PCS is a good instrument to assess catastrophic thinking in whiplash patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The usefulness of the PCS in whiplash disorders has been explored in this study. Results of our work show that the PCS can be a very useful tool to assess catastrophic thinking about pain in whiplash patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University, Catalonia, Spain. jordi.miro@urv.cat
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miró
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huguet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*