title: [Stress fractures in disabled athletes' preparation for the paralympic games in Athens, 2004: an assessment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify stress fracture frequency and the associated risk factors in disabled female athletes preparing the Paralympic Games in Athens in 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is focused on four athletes (including one with a vision impairment) among the 31 women selected to participate in the Paralympic Games. The medical records of selected athletes not having been able to participate in the Games due to a stress fracture were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One case of stress fracture to the first metatarsal was reported of one below-knee amputee and an additional case to the second metatarsal of one hemiplegic athlete. Two of three athletes with physical disability were unable to participate in the Games because of stress fracture occurring during the preparatory phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among four athletes selected to take part in the Paralympic Games. If morphological predispositions are inherent to the sportswomen, the main favouring factor to be retained is their running asymmetry. Training programmes must therefore take this characteristic into account and must not offer heavy-load repetitive exercise (such as endurance or jogging) at the expense of technique. Over-intense training exposes the disabled athlete to this type of pathology and is likely to affect his chances of competing.
authors.affiliation: CERS, avenue Maréchal de Lattre-de-Tassigny, 40130 Cap Breton, France. e.laboute@gsante.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laboute
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Druvert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pailler
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Piera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000674:Amputees; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006115:Greece; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors