title: Wideband spherically focused PVDF acoustic sources for calibration of ultrasound hydrophone probes.
abstract: Several broadband sources have been developed for the purpose of calibrating hydrophones. The specific configuration described is intended for the calibration of hydrophones In a frequency range of 1 to 40 MHz. All devices used 25 /spl mu/m film of PVDF bonded to a matched backing. Two had radii of curvatures (ROC) of 25.4 and 127 mm with f numbers of 3.8 and 19, respectively. Their active element diameter was 0.28 in (6.60 mm). The active diameter of the third source used was 25 mm, and it had an ROC of 254 mm and an f number of 10. The use of a focused element minimized frequency-dependent diffraction effects, resulting in a smooth variation of acoustic pressure at the focus from 1 to 40 MHz. Also, using a focused PVDF source permitted calibrations above 20 MHz without resorting to harmonic generation via nonlinear propagation.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasonic Devices Inc., Los Gatos, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Selfridge
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lewin