title: Increased troponin levels in nonischemic cardiac conditions and noncardiac diseases.
abstract: Elevated cardiac troponin levels often lead to a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, this finding may occur also in other conditions, both nonischemic and noncardiovascular, leading to an incorrect diagnosis of ACS and, sometimes, invasive tests. We describe various cardiovascular diseases other than ACS (heart failure, pulmonary embolism, etc.) and noncardiovascular diseases (renal failure, etc.) that may cause elevated troponin levels and give possible explanations and prognostic relevance for this rise.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Gennaro
authors.forename: Natale Daniele
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Brunetti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuculo
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roma
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Biase
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014336:Troponin