title: Hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas.
abstract: Any process interfering with dopamine synthesis, its transport to the pituitary gland, or its action at the level of lactotroph dopamine receptors can cause hyperprolactinemia. As described in this article, considering the complexity of prolactin regulation, many factors could cause hyperprolactinemia, and hyperprolactinemia can have clinical effects not only on the reproductive axis. Once any drug effects are excluded, prolactinomas are the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia. The most frequent symptom is hypogonadism in both genders. Medical and surgical therapies generally have excellent results, and most prolactinomas are well controlled or even cured in some cases.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, San Marino Hospital, 47899, Republic of San Marino.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Felipe F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giustina
mesh_terms: D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004873:Ergolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004873:Ergolines; D001971:Bromocriptine