title: Comparison of bone marrow high mitotic index metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization to peripheral blood and bone marrow real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the International Scale for detecting residual disease in chronic myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, an International Scale was proposed for standardizing BCR-ABL transcript measurements and reporting in the assessment of minimal residual disease by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). Here we present the setting up of the International Scale conversion factors for a national laboratory by performing both a cross-analysis of a set of standard samples from a reference laboratory and an analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples at diagnosis (from 32 and 27 patients, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 222 bone marrow and 173 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 96 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were analyzed with RQ-PCR according to Europe Against Cancer protocols. Additionally, 291 bone marrow samples were analyzed with high mitotic index metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (metaphase FISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major molecular response according to the International Scale in BCR-ABL/GUS transcript levels corresponded to a ratio of 0.035% in peripheral blood and 0.034% in bone marrow, yielding the same conversion factor of 2.86 for both types of sample. Based on metaphase FISH, values of 10%/-1.0 log, 1%/-2.0 log and 0.1%/-3.0 log on the International Scale, corresponded to 13%, 2%, and 0.3% of Philadelphia chromosome positive cells in bone marrow, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, conversion factors can be determined either by cross-analyzing a number of samples with a laboratory that has already established the International Scale or utilizing sufficient numbers of reference samples from chronic myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis, or using the upcoming international standards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Haartman Institute and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundán
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Juvonen
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustjoki
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lakkala
authors.forename: Veli
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kairisto
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochhaus
authors.forename: Sakari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knuutila
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Porkka
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008677:Metaphase; D008940:Mitotic Index; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl