title: Cephalometric standards for Polish 10-year-olds with normal occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish gender-specific normative data for Polish children at the age of 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine boys and 34 girls (mean age 10.37, SD = 0.52) of Polish ethnicity were selected based on the following criteria: Class I molar relationship, lack of crossbite or scissor-bite, positive overjet and overbite less than 5 mm, adequate amount of space in both dental arches, no visible asymmetry, and good facial proportions. Lateral cephalograms of each subject were scanned and analyzed with the use of NemoCeph NX2005 software. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated for all measured variables. Independent t-tests were performed to assess the intergender differences. The results were compared to the published norms of other white populations. Normative data were presented in the tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intergender differences included anterior cranial base length (sella-nasion), total and lower anterior facial height (nasion-menton and ANS-menton, respectively), posterior facial height (sella-gonion), SNA angle, point A to nasion perpendicular distance, pogonion to nasion perpendicular distance, and facial axis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polish 10-year-old boys had a larger anterior cranial base, and larger total anterior, lower anterior and posterior facial heights than girls. The maxillae and chin protrusion were more pronounced in girls.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mother and Child, Center for Craniofacial Disorders, Warszawa, Poland.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Obloj
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fudalej
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dudkiewicz
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics