title: Measuring dynamics of nuclear proteins by photobleaching.
abstract: The mobility of nuclear proteins can be studied by photobleaching techniques. The three main advantages of photobleaching are fast experimental turn around, good spatial and temporal resolution, and the ability to measure kinetics inside of living cells. The main disadvantage of these techniques is the requirement for fluorescently tagged proteins that have rigorously tested to ensure it has the same properties and function as its native counterpart. Three major methods of photobleaching microscopy are described: fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), and inverse fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (iFRAP). Each of these techniques has characteristics permitting the determination of distinct parameters of protein behavior in vivo.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dundr
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misteli
mesh_terms: D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching / Q000379:methods; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D038761:Photobleaching; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins