Vaccines and immunotherapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
A number of different vaccines and several monoclonal antibodies have been developed in the last decades for active and passive vaccination against the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These approaches include vaccine antigens such as lipopolysaccharide, surface polysaccharides, polysaccharide-protein conjugates, flagella, outer membrane proteins, pili, whole formalin-killed P. aeruginosa cells, live-attenuated P. aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica strains expressing P. aeruginosa antigens and DNA sequences. While many of these experimental vaccines and monoclonal antibodies have been tested in preclinical trials, only a few have reached clinical phases and none of these vaccines has obtained market authorization. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary of the present state of the development of vaccines and immunotherapies against P. aeruginosa infections. According to the different types of infection caused by P. aeruginosa--localized on mucosal surfaces such as the airways or systemic infection in the blood stream--several potential routes suggesting optimal means to administer the experimental vaccines are presented. Finally, the inherent problem of testing P. aeruginosa candidate vaccines in patient populations is discussed.
Döring
Gerd
G
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany. gerd.doering@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Pier
Gerald B
GB
D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D054406:Pseudomonas Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology*
D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D054406:Pseudomonas Vaccines