title: Genes implicated in serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning predict BMI categories.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addressed the hypothesis that variation in genes associated with dopamine function (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD4), serotonin function (SLC6A4, and regulation of monoamine levels (MAOA) may be predictive of BMI categories (obese and overweight + obese) in young adulthood and of changes in BMI as adolescents transition into young adulthood. Interactions with gender and race/ethnicity were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were a subsample of individuals from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed from 1995 to 2002. The sample analyzed included a subset of 1,584 unrelated individuals with genotype data. Multiple logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate the associations between genotypes and obesity (BMI > 29.9) or overweight + obese combined (BMI > or = 25) with normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9) as a referent. Linear regression models were used to examine change in BMI from adolescence to young adulthood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations were found between SLC6A4 5HTTLPR and categories of BMI, and between MAOA promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) among men and categories of BMI. Stratified analyses revealed that the association between these two genes and excess BMI was significant for men overall and for white and Hispanic men specifically. Linear regression models indicated a significant effect of SLC6A4 5HTTLPR on change in BMI from adolescence to young adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings lend further support to the involvement of genes implicated in dopamine and serotonin regulation on energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. bernard.fuemmeler@duke.edu
authors.forename: Bernard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Fuemmeler
authors.forename: Tanya D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Agurs-Collins
authors.forename: F Joseph
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: McClernon
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kollins
authors.forename: Melanie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kail
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bergen
authors.forename: Allison E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ashley-Koch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D012701:Serotonin; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D004298:Dopamine