title: A randomized, controlled trial of the renal effects of ultrafiltration as compared to furosemide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the consequences of ultrafiltration (UF) and standard intravenous diuretic (furosemide) therapy on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been hypothesized that treatment with diuretics may worsen renal function as the result of systemic neurohormonal activation and direct renal vascular effects. UF also removes fluid, but its actions on intrarenal hemodynamics, and therefore renal function, are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure with an ejection fraction less than 40% and two or more signs of hypervolemia were randomized to receive UF or intravenous diuretics. Urine output, GFR (as measured by iothalamate), and renal plasma flow (as measured by para-aminohippurate) were assessed before fluid removal and after 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (59 +/- 16 years, 68% were male) were randomized to receive UF (n = 9) or intravenous diuretics (n = 10). The change in GFR (-3.4 +/- 7.7 mL/min vs. -3.6 +/- 11.5 mL/min; P = .966), renal plasma flow (26.6 +/- 62.7 mL/min vs. 16.1 +/- 42.0 mL/min; P = .669), and filtration fraction (-6.9 +/- 13.6 mL/min vs. -3.9 +/- 13.6 mL/min; P = .644) after treatment were not significantly different between the UF and furosemide treatment groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in net 48-hour fluid removal between the groups (-3211 +/- 2345 mL for UF and -2725 +/- 2330 mL for furosemide, P = .682). UF removed 3666 +/- 2402 mL. Urine output during 48 hours was significantly greater in the furosemide group (5786 +/- 2587 mL) compared with the UF group (2286 +/- 915 mL, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During a 48-hour period, UF did not cause any significant differences in renal hemodynamics compared with the standard treatment of intravenous diuretics.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Hobart L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feller
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004487:Edema / Q000503:physiopathology; D004489:Edema, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005665:Furosemide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005665:Furosemide