title: Influence of mixtures of kaolin particle film and synthetic insecticides on mortality of larval obliquebanded leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from resistant and susceptible populations.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to determine potential interactions between kaolin particle film and three insecticides on neonate larvae of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Kaolin did not significantly affect the toxicity of azinphosmethyl or indoxacarb to an insecticide-susceptible population when applied simultaneously with either insecticide in a 7-d leaf disk bioassay. Methoxyfenozide was slightly more toxic to the same leafroller population when coapplied with kaolin. When these bioassays were repeated on a multiresistant laboratory strain of C. rosaceana, mixtures of kaolin with either azinphosmethyl or indoxacarb were significantly more toxic than the insecticides alone, 3.1- and 7.7-fold more toxic for azinphosmethyl:kaolin and indoxacarb:kaolin, respectively. Mixtures of kaolin and methoxyfenozide did not differ in toxicity to the resistant leafroller population from the toxicity of methoxyfenozide alone. Kaolin alone had no effect on leafroller mortality over the 7-d duration of the bioassay. Although the toxicities of mixtures of kaolin with azinphosmethyl or indoxacarb are only moderately higher than those of the insecticides alone, they may be high enough to provide control of leafroller populations that have become difficult to manage due to the development of insecticide resistance.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Center, Summerland, BC, Canada. smirlem@agr.gc.ca
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smirle
authors.forename: D Thomas
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zurowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007616:Kaolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D010078:Oxazines; D007616:Kaolin; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; C401104:indoxacarb; C406712:methoxyfenozide