title: The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis cleaves apoB-100 and increases the expression of apoM in LDL in whole blood leading to cell proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies support an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerosis with a crucial role for the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This study aims at investigating the proteolytic and oxidative activity of P. gingivalis on LDL in a whole blood system using a proteomic approach and analysing the effects of P. gingivalis-modified LDL on cell proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cellular effects of P. gingivalis in human whole blood were assessed using lumi-aggregometry analysing reactive oxygen species production and aggregation. Blood was incubated for 30 min with P. gingivalis, whereafter LDL was isolated and a proteomic approach was applied to examine protein expression. LDL-oxidation was determined by analysing the formation of protein carbonyls. The effects of P. gingivalis-modified LDL on fibroblast proliferation were studied using the MTS assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of whole blood with P. gingivalis caused an extensive aggregation and ROS production, indicating platelet and leucocyte activation. LDL prepared from bacteria-exposed blood showed an increased protein oxidation, elevated levels of apoM and formation of two apoB-100 N-terminal fragments. Porphyromonas gingivalis-modified LDL markedly increased the growth of fibroblasts. Inhibition of gingipain R suppressed the modification of LDL by P. gingivalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of P. gingivalis to change the protein expression and proliferative capacity of LDL may represent a crucial event in periodontitis-associated atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cardiovascular Inflammation Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. torbe@imv.liu.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skoglund
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elison
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leanderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindahl
mesh_terms: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000201:enzymology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053299:Apolipoprotein B-100; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species