title: Antitumor effect of acridine orange under ultrasonic irradiation in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sonodynamic synergistic antitumor therapy is a promising new methodology for cancer treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the antitumor effects of ultrasound (US) in the presence of acridine orange (AO), 1.0 microg/ml solution of AO was tested as a sonodynamic compound against sarcoma 180 cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After US irradiation at 2.0 W/cm2 for 60 sec, the survival rate of tumor cells in the presence of AO was significantly lower than in its absence (p < 0.001). In the AO-treated group, the tumor cells were mostly fragmented. When D-mannitol or L-histidine was used along with the AO, the survival rate of tumor cells after irradiation was significantly higher than that when AO alone was applied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AO could exhibit useful antitumor activity under US irradiation, and the generation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals is involved in the processes of tumor cell damage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neuro and Locomotor Science, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: Chiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012510:Sarcoma 180 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000165:Acridine Orange