Cell and gene therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising platform for cell and gene therapy for a variety of diseases. First, in the field of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there are two applications of MSCs: 1) the improvement of stem cell engrafting and the acceleration of hematopoietic reconstitution based on the hematopoiesis-supporting ability; and 2) the treatment of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) based on the immunomodulatory ability. Regarding the immunosuppressive ability, we found that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the MSC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation. Second, tumor-bearing nude mice were injected with luciferase-expressing MSCs. An in vivo imaging analysis showed the significant accumulation of the MSCs at the site of tumors. The findings suggest that MSCs can be utilized to target metastatic tumors and to deliver anti-cancer molecules locally. As the third application, MSCs may be utilized as a cellular vehicle for protein-supplement gene therapy. When long-term transgene expression is needed, a therapeutic gene should be introduced with a minimal risk of insertional mutagenesis. To this end, site-specific integration into the AAVS1 locus on the chromosome 19 (19q13.4) by using the integration machinery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) would be particularly valuable. There will be wide-ranging applications of MSCs to frontier medical treatments in the near future.
Ozawa
Keiya
K
Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
Sato
Kazuya
K
Oh
Iekuni
I
Ozaki
Katsutoshi
K
Uchibori
Ryosuke
R
Obara
Yoko
Y
Kikuchi
Yuji
Y
Ito
Takayuki
T
Okada
Takashi
T
Urabe
Masashi
M
Mizukami
Hiroaki
H
Kume
Akihiro
A
D000818:Animals; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase