title: Modestly elevated glucose levels during pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of future diabetes among women without gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 1-h oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) or 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results below gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) criteria are associated with developing diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed among women without GDM who had a pregnancy OGCT (n = 24,780) or OGTT (n = 6,222). Subsequent diabetes was ascertained by ICD-9 codes or pharmacy or laboratory data over a median follow-up of 8.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes risk increased across OGCT quartiles: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.67 (95% CI 1.07-2.61) for 5.4-6.2 mmol/l, 2.13 (1.39-3.25) for 6.3-7.3 mmol/l, and 3.60 (2.41-5.39) for >or=7.4 mmol/l compared with <or=5.3 mmol/l. Women with one abnormal OGTT result had a higher risk compared with those with normal values (HR 2.08 [95% CI 1.35-3.20]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with modestly elevated glucose levels below the threshold for GDM had a higher risk for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6460, USA. darcarr@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Darcy B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Utzschneider
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gerchman
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heckbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors