title: Seminal hyperviscosity is associated with poor outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of increased seminal viscosity on fertilization, implantation, and pregnancy outcome in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated infertility center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-eight infertile couples (168 cycles) with increased seminal viscosity and 129 infertile couples (138 cycles) with normal seminal viscosity as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro fertilization using conventional insemination or ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertilization, embryo quality, implantation, and pregnancy rates (PR) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age and the cause of infertility were similar between the two groups. Sperm count (36.9 +/- 34.0 vs. 28.1 +/- 25.6) and motility (41.5 +/- 19.2 vs. 37.0 +/- 20.5) was higher in the control group compared to the study group. Fertilization rate after IVF (50.4% vs. 64.6%), clinical PR (28% vs. 39.9%), and the implantation rates (10.5% vs. 16.5%) were significantly lower in patients with hyperviscosity compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lower implantation rate and clinical PR in couples with seminal hyperviscosity may be attributed to biophysical alterations or chemical changes of the ejaculate that could impact sperm DNA despite the presence of apparently normal motile sperm for the IVF/ICSI procedure.
authors.affiliation: Toronto Centre for Advanced Reproductive Technology, Toronto, Canada. nesfand@excite.com
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burjaq
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gotlieb
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Casper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D013076:Sperm Count; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014783:Viscosity