title: Chondromodulin-I and tenomodulin are differentially expressed in the avascular mesenchyme during mouse and chick development.
abstract: Chondromodulin-I (ChM-I) and tenomodulin (TeM) are homologous angiogenesis inhibitors. We have analyzed the spatial relationships between capillary networks and the localization of these molecules during mouse and chick development. ChM-I and TeM proteins have been localized to the PECAM-1-negative avascular region: ChM-I is expressed in the avascular cartilage, whereas TeM is detectable in dense connective tissues, including tendons and ligaments. We have also examined the vasculature of chick embryos by injection with India ink and have performed in situ hybridization of the ChM-I and TeM genes. The onset of ChM-I expression is associated with chondrogenesis during mouse embryonic development. ChM-I expression is also detectable in precartilaginous or noncartilaginous avascular mesenchyme in chick embryos, including the somite, sclerotome, and heart. Hence, the expression domains of ChM-I and TeM during vertebrate development incorporate the typical avascular regions of the mesenchymal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. shukunam@frontier.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chisa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shukunami
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002356:Cartilage / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008022:Ligaments / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009672:Notochord / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D013131:Spine / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D013710:Tendons / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D024043:Collagen Type II; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C489408:Cnmd protein, mouse; C503815:Scx protein, mouse; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; C486026:Tnmd protein, mouse