title: Heparin inhibits osteoclastic differentiation and function.
abstract: We investigated the effects of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on mouse monocytic cell line in regard to their differentiation, proliferation, and function in vitro. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and various GAGs. Osteoclastic cells were visualized by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and detected using a phenyl-phosphate substrate method. RAW 264.7 cells were also cultured with stimulants contained in BD BioCoat OSTEOLOGIC(TM) kit, and bone resorption activity was assessed by counting the numbers of resorption pits. We also examined the effect of heparin on cell growth using MTT assay, while the expression level of c-Src protein was determined by immunoblot analysis. Heparin suppressed TRAP-positive multinucleated cell formation and TRAP activity induced by RANKL, whereas the other GAGs showed no effects on osteoclast differentiation. Heparin also inhibited the formation of resorption pits, while the others did not. In the MTT assay, none of the tested GAGs had an influence on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation. However, heparin reduced the level of c-Src protein in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with RANKL. To determine the affinity of heparin and RANKL, they were subjected by HiTrap heparin column chromatography and each fraction was collected. Western blotting analysis revealed the expression of RANKL in the fraction bound to heparin. The binding of RANKL and heparin was confirmed by quartz-crystal microbalance. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of heparin toward osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL is due to the binding of heparin to RANKL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyushu Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ariyoshi
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichimiya
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinmyouzu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Takeyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koseki
authors.forename: Tatsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihara
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D016391:Genes, src / Q000502:physiology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D053245:RANK Ligand; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D006493:Heparin; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase