title: Genetic risk factors for renal failure among north Indian ESRD patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), G-Protein couple receptor (G-Prot), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS), Leptin -2548G/A and uncoupling protein (UCP2) are potent regulators of intra renal hemodynamics and may be the causative factors contributing to the deterioration of renal functions. In recent years few studies have been published to show the association of these markers with the end stage renal disease (ESRD). Our study was designed to see the role of different genetic factors individually and synergistically in the progression of renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The genotypes of these markers were determined by PCR and RFLP. The gene frequencies of ACE, G-protein, ecNOS, Leptin and UCP2 in 184 ESRD patients and 569 healthy controls from North India were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference between ESRD patients and control groups both in the biochemical parameters and genotype frequencies. The genotype distribution of ACE in patients was significantly different from the controls (p=0.0001; OR=9.428; 95% CI=4.56-19.492). There was no difference observed for the GNB3-825 TT genotype and for ecNOS aa genotype in patient and control groups. The distribution of Leptin -2548G/A genotype and UCP2 genotype in patients were significantly different from that of controls (p=0.0013; OR=2.804; 95% CI=1.501-5.237 and p=0.0001; OR=8.853; 95% CI=3.458-22.667 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results propose that the ACE-DD, Leptin AA and UCP2-DD genotype may be potential genetic markers for predicting the causation and progression of chronic renal failures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Vinod Pandirikkal
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Baburaj
authors.forename: Satya Narayan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sankhwar
authors.forename: Tabrez
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jafar
authors.forename: Suraksha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A