title: Heterogeneity in cognitive functioning among patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays it is not clear if in bipolar disorders (BD) cognitive impairments are heterogeneous and if so which are the variables that determine it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with BD and thirty healthy controls were clinically evaluated including measures of obstetric complications history. All subjects completed an extensive neuropsychological battery selected to asses premorbid IQ and different cognitive domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with standardized norms, 38% of patients had none cognitive domain affected, while 40% had 1 to 2, and 22% had 3 to 5. Patients with cognitive functioning within normal limits had higher psychosocial functioning and premorbid IQ, and lower history of obstetric complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small sample size could limit the generalizability of the results; since these data should be taken as preliminaries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extension and severity of cognitive impairments may be heterogeneous in patients with BD, and it might contribute to explain the variability in functional outcome. Bipolar patients with low premorbid IQ and history of obstetric complications may represent a subgroup with lower cognitive performance and psychosocial functioning.
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Program, Psychiatry Department, Neurosciences Institute, Favaloro Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Diego J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Sergio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strejilevich
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scápola
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igoa
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marengo
authors.forename: Ezequiel D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Ais
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perinot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index