title: Interleukin-32 monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA.
abstract: The members of the IL-1 family play important roles in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Especially, IL-1 and IL-18 belong to the IL-1 family because they share structural similarity and require caspase-1 for processing. Currently, IL-18 has been studied for its biological effects in the broad spectrum of Th1- or Th2- related autoimmune diseases. IL-18 also uses a similar signaling pathway as that of IL-1 family members. Taken together these results, IL-18-inducible genes might also contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. It has recently been reported that an inducer of TNF-alpha was identified as one of IL-18 inducible genes in IL-18 responsible cells and named as a new cytokine IL-32. We have produced novel monoclonal anti IL-32 antibodies in order to help study IL-32 function and to develop improved diagnosis of IL-32-expressing tumors. Several mAbs reactive to IL-32 isoforms were prepared and characterized by the epitope analysis and Western blotting performed using various deletion mutants and IL-32 isoforms (IL-32alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). In order to optimize the sandwich ELISA for IL-32, recombinant IL-32alpha was added, followed by the addition of a biotinylated mAb KU32-52 into the microtiter plate wells pre-coated with a mAb KU32-07 or mAb KU32-56. The bound mAb was probed with a streptavidin conjugated to HRP. The epitope analysis and Western blot analysis revealed that mAb KU32-07 could detect only IL-32alpha and KU32-52 was bound to all isoforms, whereas KU32-56 were reactive to IL-32 alpha, beta, delta isoforms but not gamma isoform. These sandwich ELISAs were highly specific and had a minimal detection limit of 80 pg/ml (mean+3 SD of zero calibrator) and measuring range of up to 3000 pg/ml. An ELISA using a coating mAb KU32-07 and a capturing biotinylated mAb KU32-52 had no cross-reaction with other cytokines such as IL-32beta, IL-32gamma, IL-32delta, hIL-1alpha , IL-1beta , hIL-2, hIL-6, hIL-8, hIL-10, hIL-18, and hTNF-alpha. Intra-assay coefficients of variation were 11 to 6% (n=16) and inter-assay coefficients were 10 to 5% (n=9). Another ELISA using a coating mAb KU32-56 and a capturing biotinylated mAb KU32-52 detected both IL-32alpha and IL-32beta isoforms but not gamma and delta isoforms and had no cross-reaction with other cytokines such as hIL-1alpha , IL-1beta , hIL-2, hIL-6, hIL-8, hIL-10, hIL-18, and hTNF-alpha. One mAb KU32-09 was shown to react strongly on immunohistochemistry. Our newly established mAbs, KU32-07, KU32-09, KU32-52, KU32-56, have different and useful properties for the detection of IL-32 by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Min-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jung-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Yeul
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hee-Gu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: JinMan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: Do-Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000276:immunology; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C496971:IL32 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012313:RNA