title: Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B on apoptosis of rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell under high shear stress.
abstract: Apoptosis induced by high shear stress has been reported for the dysfunction of various vascular endothelial cells. We investigated the protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and salvianolic acid B (SAB) from Chinese medicine on the shear-induced early and late stages of apoptosis in cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (rCMECs) under pathological high shear stress. Near-confluent cultures of rCMECs were pretreated with TMP or SAB and their combinational dosages, and exposed to high shear stress generated by a rheometer. Apoptotic death rate of rCMECs was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy of Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI). We found that early and late stage apoptosis occurred at 3.0 Pa for a short duration of 450 sec but did not occur at 1.5 Pa. SAB inhibited the cells from apoptosis at concentrations from 10 microM to 20 microM in a dose-dependent manner, while effect of TMP at 0.37 mM and 0.73 mM did not significantly differ. Moreover, the combined use of TMP and SAB had synergistic anti-apoptotic effects (P<0.01). The results indicate that the anti-apoptotic effect of TMP and SAB on rheologically induced endothelial injury is likely involved in their efficacy.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong. limin@hkbu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming-Qi
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Siva Sundara
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kumar Durairajan
authors.forename: Li-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hong-Xia
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wan-Fung
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Fu-Long
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D053630:Depsides
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001572:Benzofurans; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011719:Pyrazines; C076944:salvianolic acid B; D053630:Depsides; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine