title: [Ocular toxicity due to 4-aminoquinoline derivatives].
abstract: Retinal toxicity of chloroquine has been extensively studied since its first description in 1957. This drug is used on a chronic basis to treat several rheumatologic and dermatologic diseases, a there is a trend to use hydroxychloroquine rather than chloroquine. The recommended dose for hydroxychloroquine is 4 mg/kg lean body weight per day. The clinical picture of chloroquine retinopathy is characterized by a paracentral visual field scotoma with associated parafoveal retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, known as 'bull's eye maculopathy. The visual field and Amsler grids are the exams that early detect toxicity retinopathy. The authors aim to review the pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, complementary exams, and treatment. The sources of references were PubMed (MEDLINE), LILACS and Ophthalmology Library databases.
authors.affiliation: Centro Médico INTERSAUDE. ebgouveia@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Enéias Bezerra
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.forename: Maira Saad de Avila
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Gedeão Bezerra
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gouveia
authors.forename: Valeria Pinheiro M
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Lourenzi
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000962:Antimalarials; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; C001920:4-aminoquinoline