title: [Implications of antiretroviral therapy in oral medicine--a review of literature].
abstract: The success of antiretroviral therapy leads to a chronification of HIV-infection resulting in a decline of lethality. The lifelong intake of antiinfectives, though, may result in drug side effects with clinical dental implications. Despite fundamental cellular alterations, including prolonged hemorrhage following surgical interventions, antiretrovirals of all classes, of protease inhibitors, (non-nucleoside) reverse transcriptase inhibitors and of fusion inhibitors may promote oral manifestions like oral ulcera, dysgeusia, salivary gland disorders, papilloma, (peri)oral paresthesia or aphtous stomatitis. Due to inhibitory effects especially of protease inhibitors of cy tochrome P450-isoenzyme CYP3A4 therapeutical interactions with psychotropics/sedatives, antifungal agents, corticoids and intiinfectives, particularly metronidazole, may raise. The application and prescription of systemically metabolized adjuvant drugs as well as the monitoring of the possible progression of HIV infection is a key task in the oral health care of HIV-seropositive patients calling for a close medical coordination of therapeutical interventions.
authors.affiliation: Universitätszahnklinik, Abteilung für Konservierende Zahnheilkunde, Bereich Community Dentistry, Fakultät für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Universität Witten/ Herdecke. andreas.jordan@uni-wh.de
authors.forename: Rainer A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D017742:Dental Care for Chronically Ill; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004408:Dysgeusia / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D008060:Lipodystrophy / Q000139:chemically induced; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System