title: Learning and transfer of relational matching-to-sample by pigeons.
abstract: We trained pigeons on a relational matching-to-sample task to see whether a nonprimate species can discriminate higher-order "relations between relations". W e required the birds t o relationally match arrays of 1 6 itemsthat were chosen from five nonoverlapping sets of 20 colored computer icons. On each trial, randomly selected icons from one set were placed into a 4 x 4 grid to form a sample; on same trials, all 16 icons were identical to each other, whereas on different trials, all 16 icons were different from each other. After 10-20 pecks, 16-item same and different testing arrays were presented that were created from a nentirely different icon set. Because noicons were common to the sample and testing arrays, discriminating higher-order relations was required for success on the tests. As have primates in similar tasks, pigeons successfully learned and transferred this relational discrimination, suggesting that both birds and mammals possess t he cognitive antecedents of analogicalreasoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA. robert.cook@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wasserman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003071:Cognition; D010856:Columbidae; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D014163:Transfer, Psychology