title: Effect of Yi-Gan San on psychiatric symptoms and sleep structure at patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, traditional herbal medicines have been reported to be effective for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This study aims to examine the efficacy of Yi-Gan San (YGS) in the improvement of BPSD and sleep disorders in patients with dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients (1 male and 4 female) with dementia in accordance with DSM-IV criteria were investigated. Participants were treated with YGS for 4 weeks. The Nursing Home version of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-NH) for the assessment of BPSD, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function, polysomnography for evaluation of sleep structure, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for subjective sleep quality were carried out at baseline and at the end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients completed the trial. Significant improvements in the total NPI-NH score (34.0+/-6.5 to 12.8+/-6.6) as well as delusions, hallucinations, agitation/aggression, anxiety, and irritability/lability, whereas MMSE scores were unchanged. PSG revealed increases in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, stage 2 sleep, and decreases in the number of arousals and periodic limb movements. Subjective sleep quality was also improved. No adverse effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YGS was effective for BPSD and sleep disturbances, and well tolerated in patients with dementia. Further examinations using a double-blind placebo-controlled design are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan. shinnoh@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinno
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inami
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C524644:Yi-Gan San