title: Protective effect of Kalpaamruthaa in combating the oxidative stress posed by aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma with special reference to flavonoid structure-activity relationship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin. It has been postulated to play a major role in the aetiology of primary human liver cancer. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the main manifestations of oxidative damage and has been found to play an important role in the toxicity and carcinogenesis of many carcinogens. The present investigation aimed at assessing the effect of Kalpaamruthaa (KA), a modified Siddha preparation, on AFB1-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The drug was administered orally (300 mg/kg body weight/day) for 28 days to HCC-bearing rats. The level of lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and glutathione-metabolizing enzyme activity were determined in the plasma, haemolysate and liver homogenate of control and experimental rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats subjected to AFB1showed a decline in the thiol capacity of the cell, accompanied by high malondialdehyde levels along with lowered activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant and glutathione-metabolizing enzyme levels. KA treatment restored the deranged LPO and enzyme activities almost to control levels, thereby suggesting hepatoprotection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlighted the beneficial effect of KA in reversing the damage posed by AFB1 and thereby bringing about an improvement in the antioxidant status to combat the oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr A. L. Mudaliar Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Mohanasundaram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umarani
authors.forename: Palanivelu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.forename: Panchanadham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sachdanandam
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C510231:Kalpaamruthaa; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014527:Uric Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase