title: Vascular risk in young women with polycystic ovary and polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate if young polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have subclinical risks of vascular disease compared with eumenorrheic polycystic ovary (PCO) women and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight PCOS patients, 17 eumenorrheic PCO women, and 15 healthy eumenorrheic volunteers underwent medical examination; blood measurement of nitrites/nitrates, biochemical and hormonal parameters; uteroovarian ultrasonographic analysis and color Doppler evaluation of uterine, stromal ovarian, and ophthalmic arteries; brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation; 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze glucose, insulin, and C-peptide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doppler analysis revealed a significantly higher uterine pulsatility index in the PCOS group compared with controls. The lowest vascular resistances in the ovaries were found in PCOS and PCO compared with controls. The ophthalmic artery back pressure was significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls. The brachial artery diameter, at baseline, was similar in all the participants. After the reactive hyperemia, a greater vasodilatation was observed in controls and PCO patients in comparison with PCOS women. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and the atherogenic plasma index were significantly higher in PCOS than PCO and controls. Leukocytes and homocysteine were slightly higher in PCOS. The nitrites/nitrates plasma levels were lower in PCOS and PCO patients compared with controls. The insulin and C-peptide plasma values were higher in PCOS patients than controls. In PCOS patients the different estimates of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function were higher compared with PCO and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition associated with an increased vascular risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. cesare.battaglia@unibo.it
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianciosi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Busacchi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facchinetti
authors.forename: Giulio Reggiani
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Marchesini
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marzocchi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Aloysio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D013739:Testosterone; D002784:Cholesterol