title: Evaluating cytochrome c diffusion in the intermembrane spaces of mitochondria during cytochrome c release.
abstract: Truncated Bid (tBid) releases cytochrome c from mitochondria by inducing Bak (and Bax) pore formation in the outer membrane. An important issue is whether a second tBid action, independent of Bak and Bax, is also required to enhance cytochrome c mobility in the intermembrane spaces. To investigate this, we developed a kinetic analysis enabling changes in the diffusibility of cytochrome c in the intermembrane spaces of isolated mitochondria to be differentiated from changes resulting from Bak activation. Cytochrome c diffusibility in the intermembrane spaces was unaffected by changes in [tBid] over the range 0.5-19.0 pmol per mg of mitochondrial protein, when tBid-dependent Bak activation was increased several-thousand fold. However, high [tBid] (100 pmol mg(-1)) did increase diffusibility by approximately twofold. This was attributable to the permeability transition. Basal cytochrome c diffusibility in the intermembrane spaces in the absence of tBid was determined to be approximately 0.2 minute(-1), which is sufficient to support cytochrome c release with a half-time of 3.4 minutes. It is concluded that tBid has a monofunctional action at low concentrations and, more generally, that the basal cytochrome c diffusibility in the intermembrane spaces is adequate for rapid and complete cytochrome c release irrespective of the mode of outer membrane permeabilisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gillick
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crompton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494774:Bak1 protein, rat; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c