title: Differential interactions between comorbid anxiety disorders and substance use disorder in rapid cycling bipolar I or II disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anxiety disorders (AD) and substance use disorders (SUD) commonly co-occur with bipolar disorder. This study was undertaken to assess AD-SUD-bipolar subtype interactions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extensive clinical interview and MINI were used to ascertain DSM-IV diagnoses of rapid cycling bipolar I (RCBPDI) or II (RCBPDII) disorder, SUDs, and ADs including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Data at the initial assessment of four studies was used to compare the prevalence differences in ADs between RCBPDI and RCBPDII by using protocol-defined SUD categories, "Never," "Lifetime, but not recent," or "Recent."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-hundred sixty-six of 568 patients (RCBPDI n=320, RCBPDII n=246) were eligible for analyses. In the "Never" group (n=191), patients with RCBPDI and RCBPDII had similar risk for ADs. In the "Lifetime, but not recent" group (n=195), RCBPDI patients had significantly higher risks for GAD (OR=3.29), PD (OR=2.95), but not OCD, compared with their RCBPDII counterparts. Similarly, in the "Recent" group (n=180), RCBPDI patients also had significantly higher risks for GAD (OR=3.6), PD (OR=3.8), but not OCD, compared with their RCBPDII counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data were cross-sectional and not all ADs were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large cohort of patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, risk for having GAD, PD, but not OCD increased significantly in patients with bipolar I disorder compared to their bipolar II counterparts when a history of SUD was present. However, there were no significant differences in the risk for GAD, PD, or OCD between the subtypes among patients without a history of SUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorder Research Center at Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. keming.gao@uhhospitals.org
authors.forename: Keming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Tolliver
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Verduin
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ganocy
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bilali
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Seong S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Findling
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010919:Placebos; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos