title: A critical analysis of laparoscopic appendectomy: how experience with 1,400 appendectomies allowed innovative treatment to become standard in a university hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) have not yet been proved, there is increasing evidence that LA provides diagnostic and therapeutic advantages as compared to conventional surgery. This article reports the introduction of LA in a university hospital where LA now represents the standard operative procedure in patients with suspected appendicitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with appendectomy were prospectively included in the surgical database from 5/1991 to 10/2005. Operating time skin-to-skin in minutes, conversion from laparoscopy to open appendectomy, and complications requiring reoperation as well as surgical expertise were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After initial performance of LA by four experienced specialists in laparoscopic surgery between 1991 and 1994, LA was routinely implemented from 1995 to 2005. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 1,012 patients, and conventional appendectomy in 449 patients, with a LA rate of about 90% in recent years. Intraoperative conversion was deemed necessary in 62 patients (6.2 %) by 40 surgeons among the 103 surgeons who performed LA over 14 years with a mean operative time of 57 +/- 2 min. Between 1995 and 2005 about 25%-30% of LAs were performed as the first LA for the respective surgeon. Laparoscopic appendectomy was associated overall with a reduced length of stay in the hospital compared to open appendectomy (LA: 4.4 +/- 0.1 days versus 6.6 +/- 0.2 in open appendectomy; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis provides evidence that LA can be introduced in an university hospital with acceptable results despite low operation numbers per surgeon and a liberal teaching policy. The LA procedure, which is associated with a 2%-4% rate of reoperation, may serve as laparoscopy training for young surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Munich-Grosshadern, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377, Munich, Germany. kerstin.schick@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Kerstin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hüttl
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fertmann
authors.forename: Hans-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Karl-Walter
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: Johannes N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D001062:Appendectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000601:surgery*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data