title: Clinical review: Insulin sensitizers for the treatment of hirsutism: a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin sensitizers, including metformin and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), improve hyperinsulinemia and reproductive dysfunctions in some women with hyperandrogenism. The extent to which these agents improve hirsutism remains unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials of metformin or TZDs for the treatment of hirsutism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL (up to May 2006). Review of reference lists and contact with hirsutism experts further identified candidate trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewers working independently and in duplicate, with acceptable chance-adjusted agreement (kappa = 0.72), determined trial eligibility. Eligible trials randomly assigned women with hirsutism to at least 6 months of insulin sensitizers or control and measured hirsutism outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reviewers working independently and in duplicate determined the methodological quality of trials and collected data on patient characteristics, interventions, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 348 candidate studies, 16 trials (22 comparisons) were eligible. The methodological quality of these trials was low. Random-effects metaanalyses showed a small decrease in Ferriman-Gallwey scores in women treated with insulin sensitizers compared with placebo [pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of -1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.8 to -0.2; inconsistency (I(2)) = 75%]. There was no significant difference between insulin sensitizers and oral contraceptives (WMD of -0.5; CI, -5.0, 3.9; I(2) = 79%). Metformin was inferior to both spironolactone (WMD of 1.3; CI, 0.03, 2.6) and flutamide (WMD of 5.0; CI, 3.0, 7.0; I(2) = 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imprecise and inconsistent evidence of low to very low quality suggests that insulin sensitizers provide limited or no important benefit for women with hirsutism.
authors.affiliation: Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosma
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Swiglo
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Labella
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.forename: Mohamed B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Elamin
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Montori
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006628:Hirsutism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin