title: Intraoperative ultrasound is an effective and preferable technique to localize non-palpable breast tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-palpable breast tumors represent an increasing management problem in modern Breast Units. Therefore, a simple and accurate procedure to localize these lesions is needed. To date, the most commonly used technique is wire localization, but there are some disadvantages.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study on patients with malignant or benign non-palpable breast tumors who were surgically treated and underwent intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) from May 2006 to June 2007. Margins of excision were inked and specifically assessed by the pathologist, and were considered positive if <or=1 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 77 patients (60 malignant and 17 benign lesions), with a median age of 54 years (36-87), and a median diameter of 9mm (4-17). All lesions were correctly identified and localized by IOUS, and free margins of excision were obtained in 75/77 cases (97%). Only two patients required a re-excision, one for multifocal disease and one for margins of excision of 1mm. In the remaining cases, the median distance from the tumor to the closest margins of excision, with exclusion of the posterior (fascial) and anterior (skin) margins, was 1.3cm (0.3-3.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IOUS is a simple and accurate procedure that can be used to identify most non-palpable breast tumors, and has many advantages over the more commonly used wire-localization technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via Amba Aradam 4, 00184 Rome, Italy. lfortunato@tiscali.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fortunato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Penteriani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vitelli
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Piro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography