title: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of patient-controlled sedation with propofol/remifentanil versus midazolam/fentanyl for colonoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with propofol has been advocated as a method for dealing with the narrow therapeutic window for moderate sedation, but previous studies have methodologic limitations. We hypothesized that, by using remifentanil in conjunction with propofol and using PCS in both arms of the study, we could demonstrate marked improvements in facility use compared with fentanyl plus midazolam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were randomized (with concealed allocation) to midazolam/fentanyl (group MF) or propofol/remifentanil (group PR) administered via PCS. Time intervals for sedation and recovery, perceptions by patient, nurse, and gastroenterologist, and need for anesthesiologist intervention were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group PR patients were sedated and recovered significantly more rapidly than did group MF (P < 0.0001). In the group PR, recovery room time was actually shorter than procedure room time. Patient, nurse, and gastroenterologist perceptions were equivalent between the groups. Two patients in group PR required anesthesiologist intervention for arterial desaturation exceeding the primary safety end point.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCS with propofol/remifentanil yields superior facility throughput compared with midazolam/fentanyl when used in an appropriate care setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. mandelj@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Jeff E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Jonathan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Katzka
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kochman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol