title: Hemoptysis in Israeli CF patients--prevalence, treatment, and clinical characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the characteristics of CF patients with hemoptysis in Israel and to compare clinical features and risk factors to a control group of CF patients without hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  All CF patients in Israel who experienced hemoptysis between 2001 and 2005 and a control group of sex- and age-matched patients with no history of hemoptysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  40/440 CF patients (9.1%) experienced hemoptysis during the study period, 50% were male. Ten patients (25%) were under 13 years old at the first hemoptysis episode. Pulmonary exacerbation was the precipitating factor in 90%. Twenty three patients showed moderate or major hemoptysis. 35/40 patients responded well to conservative therapy. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) was performed in 5 patients with no recurrence of bleed within 24 h. However all of these patients experienced recurrent hemoptysis. One patient died during the follow-up period because of end stage lung disease. Pulmonary function tests, body-mass index, coagulation tests, pancreatic status, presence of bronchiectasis, sputum cultures and genetic mutations were similar in the two groups. A high incidence (57.5%) of associated diseases including cystic fibrosis related diabetes, cirrhosis and portal hypertension, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome was found among hemoptysis patients, compared to only 5.2% in the control group (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemoptysis, even major, did not seem to be a risk factor for mortality in our patients. A higher incidence of hemoptysis was found in our pediatric patients compared to other series. BAE shows a high immediate rate of success in controlling hemoptysis, but does not prevent future disease.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel. Electronic address: ori.efrati@sheba.health.gov.il.
authors.forename: Ori
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Efrati
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel.
authors.forename: Oshrit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Harash
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivlin
authors.affiliation: Cystic Fibrosis Center, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.affiliation: Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Mei-Zahav
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Meir
authors.affiliation: Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blau
authors.affiliation: Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mussaffi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel.
authors.forename: Asher
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barak
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel.
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vilozni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kerem
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Safra Children's hospital, Tel Hashomer. Israel.
authors.forename: Dalit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modan-Moses
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult