title: Cross-validation of murine UV signal transduction pathways in human skin.
abstract: Acute UVB irradiation of mouse skin results in activation of phospatidyinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways leading to altered protein phosphorylation and downstream transcription of genes. We determined whether activation of these pathways also occurs in human skin exposed to 4x minimal erythemic dose of UVB in 23 volunteers. Biopsies were taken prior to, at 30 min, 1 and 24 h post-UVB. In agreement with mouse studies, the earliest UV-induced changes in epidermis were seen in phospho-CREB (two- and five-fold at 30 min and 1 h) and in phospho-MAPKAPK-2 (three-fold at both 30 min and 1 h). At 1 h, phospho-c-JUN and phospho-p38 were increased five- and two-fold, respectively. Moreover, phospho-c-JUN and phospho-p38 were further increased at 24 h (12- and six-fold, respectively). Phospho-GSK-3beta was similarly increased at all time points. Increases in phospho-p53 (12-fold), COX-2 (four-fold), c-FOS (14-fold) and apoptosis were not seen until 24 h. Our data suggest that UVB acts through MAPK p38 and PI-3 kinase with phosphorylation of MAPKAPK-2, CREB, c-JUN, p38, GSK-3beta and p53 leading to marked increases in c-FOS, COX-2 and apoptosis. Validation of murine models in human skin will aid in development of effective skin cancer chemoprevention and prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. jeinspahr@azcc.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Janine G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Einspahr
authors.forename: G Timothy
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: Naja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Kathylynn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saboda
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warneke
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salasche
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranger-Moore
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Curiel-Lewandrowski
authors.forename: Raymond B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nagle
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nickoloff
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Zigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stratton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays