The symptomatology of tic disorders and concomitant sleep habits in children.
BACKGROUND
The aim of study was to analyze the clinical symptoms of tic disorders (TG) and sleep habits in children. The sleep habits were compared with those of a control group (CG).


METHODS
The study included 84 children with TG. The diagnoses were verified according to DSM-IVR criterion. CG included 156 healthy children. The parents filled in a questionnaire developed by the authors--TG's parents filled in a part concerning the symptomatology of tic disorders and sleep habits, CG's parents only the second part.


RESULTS
There were 78.6% of male and 21.4% of female in TG respectively, and 53.8% and 46.2% in CG. The simple and complex motor tics were observed in 98.8% and 39.3% of patients, vocal tics--64.3%, sensory tics--20.2%. ADHD and OCD symptoms were noticed respectively in 73.8% and 35.7% of children. The most common simple and complex motor tics were respectively: blinking--9.0%, jumping and touching--20.2% of patients. Vocal tics were presented in 64.3%. 23.8% of TG slept together with another person in bed, and 69% of them in one room with other members of family; in CG it was respectively 58.1% and 19.2%. 33.3% of TG fell asleep and woke up in the same position in bed, in the CG 75.6% of children slept calmly. The bed-time stories were seldom read by the parents in TG--3.6% vs CG--31.4%.


CONCLUSIONS
Quote frequently TG are connected with other behavioral symptoms, in particular ADHD and OCD. Sleep habits are different in TG than in CG.
Młodzikowska-Albrecht
J
J
Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. albrecht@amp.edu.pl
Zarowski
M
M
Steinborn
B
B
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*