title: Disorders of water and salt metabolism associated with pituitary disease.
abstract: Disorders of water and sodium homeostasis are very common problems encountered in clinical medicine. Disorders of water metabolism are divided into hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar states, with hyperosmolar disorders characterized by a deficit of body water in relation to body solute and hypoosmolar disorders characterized by an excess of body water in relation to total body solute. This article briefly reviews the physiology of hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar syndromes, then focuses on a discussion of the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of specific pre- and postoperative disorders of water metabolism in patients with pituitary lesions.
authors.affiliation: Georgetown University Hospital, Endocrinology Division, 232 Building D, 4000 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Verbalis
mesh_terms: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000502:physiology; D020790:Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006955:Hypernatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin