title: Roles of thromboxane A2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine in endotoxin-induced digital vasoconstriction in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the roles of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in endotoxin-induced digital hypoperfusion in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were treated with IV administration of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control treatment) or the 5-HT 1B/D selective antagonist, GR55562 (0.3 mg/kg), prior to tryptamine infusion (1.6 microg/kg/min for 30 minutes) to establish an effective GR55562 dose. In a crossover study, horses were treated with IV administration of saline solution (control treatment), aspirin (4 mg/kg, 2 hours or 4 days before lipopolysaccharide [LPS] infusion), GR55562 (0.3 mg/kg), the PAF antagonist WEB2086 (3 mg/kg), or aspirin plus GR55562 prior to LPS infusion (30 ng/kg for 30 minutes). Digital blood flow was measured by use of Doppler ultrasonography. Concomitant measurements of hoof wall and coronary band surface temperatures were made. Serial blood samples were collected and plasma 5-HT and TxA2 concentrations determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GR55562 abolished tryptamine-induced digital hypoperfusion. Neither WEB2086 nor GR55562 affected LPS-induced alterations in digital perfusion or plasma mediator concentrations. Aspirin given 2 hours before LPS administration abolished the increase in plasma TxA2 concentration and significantly attenuated LPS-induced digital hypoperfusion. Aspirin given 4 days before LPS significantly attenuated the increase in plasma TxA2 concentration and digital hypothermia. Aspirin plus GR55562 had a greater effect on LPS-induced digital hypothermia than aspirin alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thromboxane A2 and 5-HT played a role in mediating LPS-induced digital hypoperfusion in horses. Platelet-activating factor appeared unimportant in mediating LPS-induced 5-HT or TxA2 release or digital hypoperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, England.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Menzies-Gow
authors.forename: M Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sepulveda
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D001549:Benzamides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011725:Pyridines; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014230:Triazoles; D014363:Tryptamines; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor; C052518:WEB 2086; C103477:3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-N-(4-(4-pyridinyl)phenyl)benzamide; D012701:Serotonin; D000001:Calcimycin; C030820:tryptamine; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D001241:Aspirin