title: Problem-oriented patient record model as a conceptual foundation for a multi-professional electronic patient record.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is widely accepted that the development of electronic patient records, or even of a common electronic patient record, is one possible way to improve cooperation and data communication between nurses and physicians. Yet, little has been done so far to develop a common conceptual model for both medical and nursing patient records, which is a first challenge that should be met to set up a common electronic patient record. In this paper, we describe a problem-oriented conceptual model and we show how it may suit both nursing and medical perspectives in a hospital setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We started from existing nursing theory and from an initial model previously set up for primary care. In a hospital pilot site, a multi-disciplinary team refined this model using one large and complex clinical case (retrospective study) and nine ongoing cases (prospective study). An internal validation was performed through hospital-wide multi-professional interviews and through discussions around a graphical user interface prototype. To assess the consistency of the model, a computer engineer specified it. Finally, a Belgian expert working group performed an external assessment of the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a basis for a common patient record we propose a simple problem-oriented conceptual model with two levels of meta-information. The model is mapped with current nursing theories and it includes the following concepts: "health care element", "health approach", "health agent", "contact", "subcontact" and "service". These concepts, their interrelationships and some practical rules for using the model are illustrated in this paper. Our results are compatible with ongoing standardization work at the Belgian and European levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our conceptual model is potentially a foundation for a multi-professional electronic patient record that is problem-oriented and therefore patient-centred.
authors.affiliation: Health Service Research, Ecole de Santé Publique de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Unité de Sociologie et d'Economie de la Santé, Clos Chapelle aux Champs 30.41, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium. declercq@sesa.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011340:Problem Solving