title: A prospective study of dairy consumption in relation to changes in metabolic risk factors: the Hoorn Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Higher dairy consumption has been suggested to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic disturbances. The aim of our study was to investigate the prospective association between dairy consumption and changes in weight and metabolic disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline dairy intake (servings/day) was assessed by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire in 1,124 participants of the Hoorn Study. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between dairy intake and 6.4-year change in weight, fat distribution, and metabolic risk factors (glucoses, lipids, blood pressure) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline dairy consumption was not associated with changes in fasting and post-load glucose concentrations, serum lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides), or blood pressure, nor with the risk of developing the MS in 6.4 years (odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was 0.86 (0.52-1.42) comparing highest with lowest quartile of dairy consumption). In subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m(2), higher dairy consumption was significantly associated with an increase in BMI, weight, waist, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results do not support the hypothesis that a higher dairy consumption protects against weight gain and development of metabolic disturbances in a Dutch elderly population.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marieke.snijder@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Marieke B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Snijder
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.forename: Gerrit J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hiddink
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids