Endocannabinoids and liver disease. III. Endocannabinoid effects on immune cells: implications for inflammatory liver diseases.
Recent studies have implicated dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in various liver diseases and their complications (e.g., hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and ischemia-reperfusion), and demonstrated that its modulation by either cannabinoid 2 (CB(2)) receptor agonists or CB(1) antagonists may be of significant therapeutic benefits. This review is aimed to focus on the triggers and sources of endocannabinoids during liver inflammation and on the novel role of CB(2) receptors in the interplay between the activated endothelium and various inflammatory cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, etc.), which play pivotal role in the early development and progression of inflammatory and other liver diseases.
Pacher
Pál
P
Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9413, USA. pacher@mail.nih.gov
Gao
Bin
B
D000818:Animals; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid