title: First report of Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 in the USA.
abstract: A polyphasic characterization of atypical isolates of Yersinia ruckeri (causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in trout) obtained from hatchery-reared brown trout Salmo trutta in South Carolina was performed. The Y. ruckeri isolates were biochemically and genetically distinct from reference cultures, including the type strain, but were unequivocally ascribed to the species Y. ruckeri, based on API 20E, VITEK, fatty acid methyl ester profiles, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These isolates were nonmotile and unable to hydrolyze Tween 20/80 and were therefore classified as Y. ruckeri biotype 2. Genetic fingerprint typing of the isolates via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (amplified by polymerase chain reaction) and fragment length polymorphism showed biotype 2 as a homogeneous group distinguishable from other Y. ruckeri isolates. This is the first report of Y. ruckeri biotype 2 in the USA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA. ariascr@acesag.auburn.edu
authors.forename: Cova R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Olivares-Fuster
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grizzle
authors.forename: Phillip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Klesius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000382:microbiology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005784:Gene Amplification; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014337:Trout / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D044124:Yersinia ruckeri / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S