Chk1 is a histone H3 threonine 11 kinase that regulates DNA damage-induced transcriptional repression.
DNA damage results in activation or suppression of transcription of a large number of genes. Transcriptional activation has been well characterized in the context of sequence-specific DNA-bound activators, whereas mechanisms of transcriptional suppression are largely unexplored. We show here that DNA damage rapidly reduces histone H3 Threonine 11 (T11) phosphorylation. This correlates with repression of genes, including cyclin B1 and cdk1. H3-T11 phosphorylation occurs throughout the cell cycle and is Chk1 dependent in vivo. Following DNA damage, Chk1 undergoes rapid chromatin dissociation, concomitant with reduced H3-T11 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we find that loss of H3-T11 phosphorylation correlates with reduced binding of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 at cyclin B1 and cdk1 promoters and reduced H3-K9 acetylation. We propose a mechanism for Chk1 as a histone kinase, responsible for DNA-damage-induced transcriptional repression by loss of histone acetylation.
Shimada
Midori
M
Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
Niida
Hiroyuki
H
Zineldeen
Doaa H
DH
Tagami
Hideaki
H
Tanaka
Masafumi
M
Saito
Hiroyuki
H
Nakanishi
Makoto
M
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004249:DNA Damage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D006657:Histones; D011494:Protein Kinases; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; C000605869:Chek1 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases