title: Induction of COX-2 expression by acrolein in the rat model of hemorrhagic cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acrolein (ACR) is a urinary metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CPS) and ifosfamide (IFS), which has been demonstrated to be the causative agent of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), induced by these compounds. In this study, we investigate the participation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on ACR-induced HC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats (150-200g; six rats per group) were treated with distilled water or intravesical ACR and analyzed by changes in bladder wet weight, macroscopic and microscopic parameters and COX-2 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 immunohistochemical expression was significant 12h after ACR administration mainly in subepithelial cells. ACR injection also alters some macroscopic and microscopic parameters in bladder of rats analyzed by Gray's criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 participates in the pathogenesis of ACR-induced HC first seen 12h after initial contact between ACR and urothelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1315, Rodolfo Teofilo, 60430-270 fortaleza, CE, Brazil. ribeiror@ufc.br
authors.forename: Francisco Yuri Bulcão
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baltazar
authors.forename: Lívia Cajaseiras
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Carvalho
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: José Mauricio S C
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Fernando C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Ronaldo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat