title: Induction of gliosarcoma and atypical meningioma 13 years after radiotherapy of residual pilocytic astrocytoma in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malignant transformation of pilocytic astrocytomas in children is rare and often linked to previous radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report a patient who underwent subtotal resection of a right temporal and insular pilocytic astrocytoma at age 8 in 1988 followed by high-dose radiation therapy. A local recurrence, grade WHO III, with signs of focal sarcomatous transformation, was subtotally resected 13 years later in 2001. A new and fast growing right frontal meningioma, grade WHO II, was removed in 2003. In 2004 a second glioma recurrence was partially resected, this time graded gliosarcoma WHO IV. The patient was treated thereafter with repeated courses of temozolomide. Another tumor mass reduction in 2005 was followed by stereotactic radiotherapy. Nevertheless, he deceased 3 months later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the reported cases of malignant transformation of pilocytic astrocytomas received radiation therapy beforehand. Irradiation-induced meningiomas in children are known to occur, however not following radiotherapy of low-grade hemispheric gliomas. The presented case illustrates why adjuvant radiotherapy of residual pilocytic astrocytoma in children is not recommended anymore. For children who underwent radiotherapy in the past, we recommend MRI surveillance on a yearly basis far beyond 10 years, even in those who seem to have achieved total remission.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik fur Neurochirurgie, Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Martin U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Schuhmann
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Rolf-Dieter
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Kortmann
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meixensberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects