title: Development of an easy prognostic score for frailty outcomes in the aged.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  identification of frailty is recommended in geriatric practice. However, there is a lack of frailty scores combining easy-to-collect predictors from multiple domains.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to develop a frailty score including only self-reported information and easy-to-perform standardised measurements recommended in routine geriatric practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  included 1,007 Italian subjects aged 65 and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  seventeen baseline possible mortality predictors from several domains, 4-year risk of mortality and other adverse health outcomes associated with frailty [fractures, hospitalisation, and new and worsening activities of daily living (ADL) disability].
  
  
  METHODS
  a multivariate Cox model was used to identify the best sub-group of independent predictors and to develop a mortality prognostic score, defined as the number of adverse predictors present. Logistic regression was used to verify whether the score also predicted risk of other frailty outcomes in the cohort survivors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  nine independent mortality predictors were identified. Among subjects with score > or =3, each one point increase in the score was associated with a doubling in mortality risk and, among survivors, with an increased risk of all the other adverse health outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  nine easy-to-collect predictors may identify aged people at increased risk of adverse health outcomes associated with frailty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology and Hepatology, University of Bologna, Italy. ravaglia@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravaglia
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucicesare
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pisacane
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rietti
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis