title: Hypnosis-provoked nonepileptic events in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe the use of hypnotic suggestion as a means of precipitating nonepileptic events in children while they are undergoing video electroencephalographic monitoring (VEEG) for differential diagnosis of seizurelike behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine children aged 8-16 years were referred for VEEG to differentiate between epileptic seizures and nonepileptic events. All subjects underwent psychiatric consultation. Hypnosis was attempted in all subjects to try to provoke typical seizurelike events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight of nine patients, their typical seizurelike events were provoked by hypnosis. In all eight children, video and EEG analysis of the provoked events demonstrated them to be nonepileptic. No epileptiform abnormalities were present on interictal EEGs. No epileptic seizures occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypnosis is a useful and ethical means of provoking psychogenic nonepileptic events in children. Hypnotic suggestion should be considered as a provocative method when possibly psychogenic nonepileptic events have not occurred spontaneously during diagnostic evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5235, USA. dmolson@stanford.edu <dmolson@stanford.edu>
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Neva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014743:Videotape Recording