title: Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).
abstract: Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transfers cholesterol over the inner mitochondrial membrane. In mammals, StAR controls this rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis, but its expression and regulation has not been well explored in fish. The present work investigates StAR mRNA expression in the head kidney of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) under different stressors. We have cloned the StAR cDNA (1461 bp) in seabream (accession number EF640987), which has an open reading frame of 861 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 286 aa, and displays high sequence identity with StAR of other fish and mammalian counterparts. Seabream StAR transcripts were found to be expressed exclusively in head kidneys and gonads. In fish under acute stress (chased with a net), plasma cortisol levels peaked within 1 h, were still high after 6 h, and decreased after 16 h, although no increases in head kidney StAR expression were observed at any time post-stressor. Fish under chronic high-density stress showed cortisol levels 90-fold higher than controls and StAR mRNA levels increased threefold. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection increased head kidney StAR mRNA levels after 6 h, reached a maximum at 12 h, and decreased until 72 h. When the head kidney cells were incubated in vitro and treated with ACTH or LPS, ACTH induced an increase in StAR expression as expected, but LPS induced a reduction in StAR expression. In conclusion, StAR expression in seabream head kidneys is highly regulated by different stressors.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Castellana
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Acerete
authors.forename: Josep V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Planas
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tort
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015870:Gene Expression; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D006854:Hydrocortisone