title: Mesopontine cholinergic neuron involvement in Lewy body dementia and multiple system atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pedunculopontine (PPT) and laterodorsal (LDT) tegmental nuclei are involved in control of REM sleep and thalamocortical arousal. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a feature of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is also associated with visual hallucinations and cognitive fluctuations. We sought to determine the degree of PPT/LDT involvement in DLB compared to MSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We counted the cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT in 13 patients with neuropathologically confirmed DLB, 11 patients with MSA, and 11 control cases. Five patients with DLB and eight patients with MSA had history or polysomnographic evidence of RBD. Ten patients with DLB and no patient with MSA had history of visual hallucinations or cognitive fluctuations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant loss of PPT and LDT neurons in both DLB and MSA. Cell loss in both the PPT and LDT was more severe in MSA than in DLB. The number of cells/section for the PPT were 148 +/- 21 in controls, 54 +/- 10 in DLB (p < 0.001), and 20 +/- 3 in MSA (p < 0.001), and for the LDT, 112 +/- 16 in controls, 49 +/- 8 in DLB (p < 0.01), and 16 +/- 2 in MSA (p < 0.001). Severity of neuronal loss in MSA or DLB did not relate to the presence or absence of history of RBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of cholinergic pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei/laterodorsal tegmental nuclei neurons occurs in both dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy but is probably not the primary mechanism of REM sleep behavior disorder in these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, 811 Guggenheim Building, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schmeichel
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Buchhalter
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Boeve
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandroni
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Benarroch
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D045042:Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000109:Acetylcholine