title: [Effects of carbon-coated iron nanocrystals combined with epirubicin on HepG-2 cells and its acute toxicity in mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cytotoxicity of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles (CCIN) and epirubicin-loaded CCIN on Hep-G2 cells in vitro and compare the acute toxicities of epirubicin and epirubicin-loaded CCIN in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxicities of CCIN and epirubicin-loaded CCIN on HepG2 cells were assessed using MTT assay, and the uptake of CCIN by the tumor cells was observed by optical and electron microscopy. Different doses of epirubicin and equivalent doses of epirubicin-loaded CCIN were injected intravenously in mice to compare their acute toxicities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optical and electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic uptake of CCIN in the tumor cells without obvious destruction of the cell structural integrity. Incubation of the HepG-2 cells with different concentrations of CCIN suspension did not result in significant variation in the mean absorbance. MTT assay showed reduced cytotoxicity of epirubicin-loaded CCIN in HepG2 cells as compared with that of epirubicin alone. The cell growth inhibition rate was significantly higher with epirubicin-CCIN mixture that contained a lower proportion of CCIN. In acute toxicity experiment with mice, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of epirubicin was 16.9 mg/kg, while that of epirubicin-CCIN mixture was 20.7 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCIN uptake by HepG-2 cells does not cause obvious cytotoxicity in vitro within a certain concentration range, epirubicin-loaded CCIN has reduced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared with epirubicin, and the cytotoxicity of the mixture decreases with the increase in the CCIN content in the mixture. Epirubicin delivery in mixture with CCIN can reduce its acute toxicity in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University/State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China. zhengyun@mail.sysu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiang-ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Hai-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Min-shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yun-fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Ya-qi
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D015251:Epirubicin; D002244:Carbon; D007501:Iron