title: Dual role of proapoptotic BAD in insulin secretion and beta cell survival.
abstract: The proapoptotic BCL-2 family member BAD resides in a glucokinase-containing complex that regulates glucose-driven mitochondrial respiration. Here, we present genetic evidence of a physiologic role for BAD in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by beta cells. This novel function of BAD is specifically dependent upon the phosphorylation of its BH3 sequence, previously defined as an essential death domain. We highlight the pharmacologic relevance of phosphorylated BAD BH3 by using cell-permeable, hydrocarbon-stapled BAD BH3 helices that target glucokinase, restore glucose-driven mitochondrial respiration and correct the insulin secretory response in Bad-deficient islets. Our studies uncover an alternative target and function for the BAD BH3 domain and emphasize the therapeutic potential of phosphorylated BAD BH3 mimetics in selectively restoring beta cell function. Furthermore, we show that BAD regulates the physiologic adaptation of beta cell mass during high-fat feeding. Our findings provide genetic proof of the bifunctional activities of BAD in both beta cell survival and insulin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. nika_danial@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Nika N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Danial
authors.forename: Loren D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Walensky
authors.forename: Chen-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheol Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jill K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Anthony J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Sandeep Robert
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Pitter
authors.forename: Gregory H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Jakob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wikstrom
authors.forename: Jude T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Deeney
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morash
authors.forename: Ameya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neschen
authors.forename: Sheene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Corkey
authors.forename: Orian S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Shirihai
authors.forename: Gerald I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: Bradford B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lowell
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Korsmeyer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D010768:Phosphoserine; D005941:Glucokinase; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium