title: Intracorporeal suture closure of the internal inguinal and vaginal rings in foals and horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a technique for repair or prevention of inguinal hernia in horses using intracorporeal suture closure of the internal inguinal and vaginal rings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Foals (n=6) and geldings (n=2).
  
  
  METHODS
  After selection of a peri-umbilical telescope portal, instrument portals were made unilaterally or bilaterally, as needed. Herniated viscera was reduced, castration (foals) or spermatic cord remnant transection at the internal inguinal ring (adults) performed, and then simple interrupted intracorporeal sutures of synthetic absorbable suture material were used to close the internal inguinal and vaginal rings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no recurrence of inguinal hernia. Postoperative morbidity was minimal and cosmetic outcome was comparable to that achieved with conventional, open techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic, primary closure of the internal inguinal ring by use of intracorporeal sutures provides a secure barrier to herniation and costs considerably less than using endoscopic staples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic suture closure of the internal inguinal and vaginal rings provides safe and effective repair of inguinal hernia in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. caron@cvm.msu.edu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brakenhoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome