title: Is anyone looking at me? Direct gaze detection in children with and without autism.
abstract: Atypical processing of eye contact is one of the significant characteristics of individuals with autism, but the mechanism underlying atypical direct gaze processing is still unclear. This study used a visual search paradigm to examine whether the facial context would affect direct gaze detection in children with autism. Participants were asked to detect target gazes presented among distracters with different gaze directions. The target gazes were either direct gaze or averted gaze, which were either presented alone (Experiment 1) or within facial context (Experiment 2). As with the typically developing children, the children with autism, were faster and more efficient to detect direct gaze than averted gaze, whether or not the eyes were presented alone or within faces. In addition, face inversion distorted efficient direct gaze detection in typically developing children, but not in children with autism. These results suggest that children with autism use featural information to detect direct gaze, whereas typically developing children use configural information to detect direct gaze.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, The Henry Wellcome Building, Torrington Square, London WC1E 7HX, UK. a.senju@bbk.ac.uk
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senju
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tojo
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osanai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010469:Perceptual Distortion; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values