Vaccination against drug resistance in HIV infection.
HIV-1 resistance to currently employed antiretroviral drugs and drug-associated adverse reactions and toxicity point to a need for additional measures to control HIV-1 replication in HIV-infected patients. The immune system of HIV-infected individuals mount an immune response against the regions harboring drug-resistance mutations, sometimes stronger than that against the parental wild-type sequences. A potent cross-reactive immune response against drug-resistant pol proteins can suppress the replication of drug-escaping HIV. This suggests the possibility for a vaccination against existing and anticipated drug-resistant HIV variants. If successful, therapeutic vaccines against drug resistance would ease the therapeutic modalities and limit the spread of drug-resistant HIV. A better understanding of the complex interactions between patterns of drug-resistance mutations, immune responses against these mutations and their antigen presentation by particular human lymphocyte antigen alleles could help to tailor these vaccines after new drugs/new mutations. In this review, we describe the developments in the field of immunization against mutations conferring drug resistance and evaluate their prospects for human vaccination.
Boberg
Andreas
A
Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 171 82 Solna, Sweden. andreas.boberg@smi.ki.se
Isaguliants
Maria
M
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents