title: Mild gestational hyperglycaemia as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a cohort of pregnant women with a wide range of glucose tolerance, pre-pregnancy risk factors for MS during pregnancy and the effects of MS in the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty six women with positive screening for gestational diabetes (GDM) were classified by two diagnostic methods: glycaemic profile and 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as normoglycaemic, mild gestational hyperglycaemic, GDM, and overt GDM. Markers of insulin resistance were measured between 24-28 and 36th week of gestation, and 6 weeks after delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of MS was 0; 20.0; 23.5 and 36.4% in normoglycaemic, mild hyperglycaemic, GDM and overt GDM groups, respectively. Previous history of GDM with or without insulin use, body mass index (BMI) > or = 25, hypertension, family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives, non-Caucasian ethnicity, history of prematurity and polyhydramnios were statistically significant pre-pregnancy predictors for MS in the index pregnancy, that by its turn increased the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of MS increases with the worsening of glucose tolerance and is an independent predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes; impaired glycaemic profile identifies pregnancies with important metabolic abnormalities that are linked to the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes even in the presence of a normal OGTT, in patients that are not currently classified as having GDM.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine from Botucatu, São Paulo, UNESP, Brazil. carlosnegrato@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Carlos Antonio
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Negrato
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tambascia
authors.forename: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos
authors.initials: Ide M
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geloneze
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Marilza Vieira Cunha
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rudge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood*; D007182:Income; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors