title: Changes in folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine associated with incident dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective findings have not been consistent for folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine concentrations as predictors of dementia. This study aimed to investigate both baseline concentrations of folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine and changes in these concentrations as predictors/correlates of incident dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 625 elderly patients without dementia at baseline, 518 (83%) were followed over a 2.4 year period and were clinically assessed for incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine were measured at the baseline and follow-up assessments. Covariates included age, sex, education, disability, depression, alcohol consumption, physical activity, vascular risk factors, serum creatinine concentration, vitamin intake and weight change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only baseline lower folate concentrations predicted incident dementia. The onset of dementia was significantly associated with an exaggerated decline in folate, a weaker increase in vitamin B(12) concentrations and an exaggerated increase in homocysteine concentrations over the follow-up period. These associations were reduced following adjustment for weight change over the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incident dementia is more strongly associated with changes in folate, vitamin B(12) and homocysteine than with previous concentrations. These changes may be linked to other somatic manifestations of early dementia, such as weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Centre for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I-S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003704:Dementia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12