title: Available biological treatments for complex non-unions.
abstract: The treatment of complex non-unions may be lengthy and very expensive. The majority of aseptic non-union cases require a variable degree of biological enhancement. Autologous iliac crest bone graft remains the gold standard of treatment. However, other means of biological stimulation are currently available in the armamentarium of the treating physician. This review article reports on the different available biological treatment options for the management of complex aseptic bone non-unions.
authors.affiliation: Trauma & Orthopaedics, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahendra
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Maclean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000628:therapy*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins