title: Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a negative randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathological gambling is associated with bipolar disorder and dopamine dysfunction. Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic with mood-stabilizing properties and antagonistic activity at several dopamine receptors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 12-week, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose (2.5-15 mg/day) trial, 42 outpatients with pathological gambling by DSM-IV-TR criteria received olanzapine (N = 21) or placebo (N = 21). The primary outcome measure was the Pathological Gambling Adaptation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS). The primary analysis of efficacy was a longitudinal analysis of the intent-to-treat sample, with treatment-by-time interaction as the effect measure. Subjects were enrolled from June 2, 2000, through November 28, 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with placebo, olanzapine was associated with a similar rate of reduction in total scores on the PG-YBOCS scale, as well as in gambling episodes/week, hours gambled/week, and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale scores. The mean (SD) olanzapine daily dose at endpoint evaluation was 8.9 (5.2) mg/day. Eleven subjects (52%) receiving olanzapine and 6 (29%) receiving placebo discontinued prematurely; 3 subjects receiving olanzapine and 2 receiving placebo discontinued because of adverse events. Events causing olanzapine discontinuation were pneumonia, sedation, and hypomania.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Olanzapine was not superior to placebo in the short-term treatment of pathological gambling. It was also associated with a high discontinuation rate.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00438776 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0559, USA. susan.mcelroy@uc.edu
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: McElroy
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Welge
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaehler
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003710:Demography; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000077152:Olanzapine