title: An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of inadequate disinfection procedures in a urology unit: a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based epidemiologic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in many hospitals. We aimed to investigate the source of urinary tract infections by determining clonal relationship of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 2-month period, all postoperative infections because of P aeruginosa were investigated in the Urology Department. Patient data were collected from medical records. Surveillance samples were obtained from various places in urological operating rooms. PFGE typing was performed for all P aeruginosa isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14 P aeruginosa strains (12 from patients and 2 from environmental samples) were isolated. PFGE typing of these 14 strains yielded 2 possibly related clones, which differed from each other by 4 major bands. Ten of the patient isolates were clonally identical with the strains of 2 forceps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Typing results confirmed that inadequately disinfected surgical devices can be the source of outbreak. After institution of infection control measures and education, no further clusters of P aeruginosa infection were detected in the Urology Department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Malatya, Turkey. ukayabas@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Uner
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kayabas
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayraktar
authors.forename: Baris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Otlu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugras
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ersoy
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayindir
authors.forename: Riza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durmaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014573:Urology Department, Hospital