title: Higher expression of the androgen-regulated gene PSA/HK3 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues predicts biochemical recurrence-free survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Alterations of the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling through numerous mechanisms are increasingly recognized in prostate cancer (CaP) progression. We hypothesized that the assessment of well-defined AR transcriptional targets (e.g., PSA/HK3 mRNA) in CaP tissues will provide in vivo readout of AR dysfunctions. Moreover, quantitative expression features of PSA/HK3 mRNA in prostate tumor cells may serve as a prognostic indicator of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired benign and malignant epithelial cells (242 specimens) were obtained from laser capture microdissection of frozen OCT-embedded tissue sections prepared from radical prostatectomy specimens of 121 patients. Quantitative expression of PSA/HK3 mRNA in the matched malignant and benign cells was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CaP cells express significantly lower PSA/HK3 mRNA levels than matched benign cells (P = 0.0133). Moreover, low PSA/HK3 mRNA expression in malignant cells was associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0217), as well as with time to recurrence (P = 0.0371), in patients with intermediate preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen levels (2-10 ng/mL). The expression of androgen-dependent genes in clinical samples correlates with each other in patients with higher expression of PSA/HK3 mRNA but not in patients with lower expression of PSA/HK3 mRNA reflecting AR pathway dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has unraveled a novel prognostic utility of quantitative measurements of PSA/HK3 mRNA reflecting AR transcriptional activity in CaP cells, which is independent of serum prostate-specific antigen. It also has potential in stratifying subsets of patients exhibiting progressive disease associated with dampened AR transcriptional functions who may be targeted by tailored therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sterbis
authors.forename: Chunling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Bungo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Furusato
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaheduzzaman
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravindranath
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Inger L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobi
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Isabell A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sesterhenn
authors.forename: Shiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Gyorgy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrovics
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen