title: Fluorescent labeled anti-EGFR antibody for identification of regional and distant metastasis in a preclinical xenograft model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of regional and distant metastatic disease has significant implications for patient management. Fluorescent imaging may be a useful technique for metastasis detection and removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody (cetuximab) and isotype-matched control antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) were labeled with a near-infrared fluorophore (Cy5.5), then systemically administered to mice with tumors resulting from either intraoral or intravenous injections of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mice were sacrificed before undergoing fluorescent stereomicroscopy to assess pulmonary or cervical lymph node metastasis. Fluorescent areas were serially excised until wound bed demonstrated negative fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice bearing pulmonary metastases displayed diffuse background after IgG-Cy5.5 injection, but demonstrated a speckled fluorescent pattern across lung surface following cetuximab-Cy5.5 injection. Mice bearing cervical metastases demonstrated clear fluorescence of primary tongue tumor and bilateral cervical nodes. Fluorescence correlated with histopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that cetuximab-Cy5.5 may have clinical utility in the detection and guided the removal of regional and distant micrometastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gleysteen
authors.forename: J Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chhieng
authors.forename: Andra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: Kurt R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: Eben L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D000068818:Cetuximab; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000068818:Cetuximab