title: Hospitalizations with amphetamine abuse among pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine trends in pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine or cocaine abuse and the prevalence of associated medical complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Hospitalization ratios per 100 deliveries for amphetamine or cocaine abuse from 1998 to 2004 were tested for linear trends. Amphetamine-abuse hospitalizations were compared with cocaine-abuse hospitalizations and non-substance-abuse hospitalizations. A chi2 analysis was used to compare hospitalization characteristics. Conditional probabilities estimated by logistic regression were used to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios for each medical diagnosis of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1998 to 2004, the hospitalization ratio for cocaine abuse decreased 44%, whereas the hospitalization ratio for amphetamine abuse doubled. Pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine abuse were geographically concentrated in the West (82%), and were more likely to be among women younger than 24 years than the cocaine-abuse or non-substance-abuse hospitalizations. Most medical conditions were more prevalent in the amphetamine-abuse group than the non-substance-abuse group. When the substance abuse groups were compared with each other, obstetric diagnoses associated with infant morbidity such as premature delivery and poor fetal growth were more common in the cocaine-abuse group, whereas vasoconstrictive effects such as cardiovascular disorders and hypertension complicating pregnancy were more common in the amphetamine-abuse group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As pregnancy hospitalizations with a diagnosis of amphetamine abuse continue to increase, clinicians should familiarize themselves with the adverse consequences of amphetamine abuse during pregnancy and evidence-based guidelines to deal with this high-risk population.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. cio8@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Shanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Samuel F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Posner
authors.forename: Athena P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kourtis
authors.forename: Denise J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jamieson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D010343:Patient Admission; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D015995:Prevalence; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D000661:Amphetamine