title: Butyrylcholinesterase activity is reduced in haemodialysis patients: is there association with hyperhomocysteinemia and/or oxidative stress?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify serum butyrylcholinesterase activity in haemodialysis patients and to evaluate if the homocysteine levels and/or oxidative stress biomarkers have an effect on butyrylcholinesterase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy subjects (control). The plasma homocysteine and TBARS levels; serum butyrylcholinesterase activity; blood delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity and methahaemoglobin were analyzed. The mortality of the patients was also evaluated after 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homocysteine was increased and butyrylcholinesterase decreased compared to control (p<0.05). TBARS and methahaemoglobin were increased and ALA-D decreased (p<0.05). The following correlations were found: homocysteine with butyrylcholinesterase (-0.44); methahaemoglobin (0.41); ALA-D (-0.68); and TBARS (0.66). The partial correlation between homocysteine with butyrylcholinesterase, withdrawn the effect of TBARS, was -0.30; all p<0.05. Moreover, it was observed that 22% of the patients died due to cardiovascular problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, our findings support a direct association between the reduction of butyrylcholinesterase by the increase of homocysteine and an indirect effect by increase in oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. sgarpom@smail.ufsm.br
authors.forename: Solange C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Angela T S
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wyse
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Clóvis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paniz
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: Valdeci J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Pomblum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase