title: Preclinical vascular damage in white postmenopausal women: the relevance of osteoprotegerin.
abstract: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) has recently been implicated in human atherogenesis. Abdominal obesity represents an established risk factor for the onset and development of atherosclerotic damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link between OPG and abdominal fat and the relationship to precocious features of atherosclerotic disease such as brachial flow-mediated vasodilation (FMV) and the intima-media thickening (IMT) in 195 white postmenopausal women (age range, 43-75 years). The study population was divided into 2 groups: group 1-waist circumference <80 cm and group 2-waist circumference > or = 80 cm. Group 2 had higher menopausal years, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and carotid IMT. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in group 1. Afterward, these groups were divided on the basis of a cutoff value of OPG (6.85 pmol/L) that was the median of its distribution: patients with OPG < or = 6.85 pmol/L were OPG(-), and those with OPG >6.85 pmol/L were OPG(+). The OPG(+) subjects in both had lower brachial FMV and higher carotid IMT in comparison with OPG(-) subjects. At the multivariate regression analysis, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and OPG were predictors of carotid mean IMT (beta = 0.55, P = .001; beta = -0.14, P = .001; beta = 0.16, P = .001; and beta = 0.14, P = .05, respectively) and age, OPG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and brachial diameter of brachial FMV (beta = -0.13, P = .05; beta = -0.25, P = .001; beta = -0.14, P = .024; and beta = 0.48, P = .001, respectively). The conclusions are as follows: first, OPG levels did not appear to be conditioned by a risk factor such as abdominal obesity; and second, OPG levels are mainly linked to the evidence of vascular damage. On this basis, we could speculate that OPG levels may be considered not a cardiovascular risk condition but a defense against atherosclerotic progression.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia-University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini, 1-06129 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siepi
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaudo
authors.forename: Graziana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lupattelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagaglia
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirro
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brozzetti
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Roscini
authors.forename: Elmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannarino
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000502:physiology*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein