title: Simultaneous quantification of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gangliosides (GGs) are considered as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets and agents. The goal of this study was to develop a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of both GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples in order to be able to determine their concentrations in patients with Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease and assess whether drugs or transplantation affect their concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  An API-4000 tandem mass spectrometer equipped with TurboIonSpray source and Shimadzu HPLC system was employed to perform the analysis using isotope dilution with deuterium labeled internal standards. To a 1.5 mL conical plastic Eppendorf centrifuge tube, 40 microL of human CSF sample was added and mixed with 400 microL of internal standard solution for deproteinization. After centrifugation, 100 microL of supernatant was injected onto a C-18 column. After a 2.5 min wash, the switching valve was activated and the analytes were eluted from the column with a water/methanol gradient into the MS/MS system. Quantification by multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) analysis was performed in the negative mode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The within-day coefficients of variation were <3% for GM1 and <2% for GM2 and the between-day coefficients of variation were <5% for both GM1 and GM2 at all concentrations tested. Accuracy ranged between 98% and 102% for both analytes. Good linearity was also obtained within the concentration range of 10-200 ng/mL (6.5-129.3 nmol/L) for GM1 and 5-100 ng/mL (3.6-72.3 nmol/L) for GM2 (r> or =0.995).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new simple, accurate, and fast isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in a small amount of human CSF. Concentrations were measured in "normal" CSF and in CSF from patients with Tay-Sachs disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tifft
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Soldin
mesh_terms: D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000737:chemistry; D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012497:Sandhoff Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013661:Tay-Sachs Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D005678:G(M2) Ganglioside; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside