Cortical circuits for silent speechreading in deaf and hearing people.
This fMRI study explored the functional neural organisation of seen speech in congenitally deaf native signers and hearing non-signers. Both groups showed extensive activation in perisylvian regions for speechreading words compared to viewing the model at rest. In contrast to earlier findings, activation in left middle and posterior portions of superior temporal cortex, including regions within the lateral sulcus and the superior and middle temporal gyri, was greater for deaf than hearing participants. This activation pattern survived covarying for speechreading skill, which was better in deaf than hearing participants. Furthermore, correlational analysis showed that regions of activation related to speechreading skill varied with the hearing status of the observers. Deaf participants showed a positive correlation between speechreading skill and activation in the middle/posterior superior temporal cortex. In hearing participants, however, more posterior and inferior temporal activation (including fusiform and lingual gyri) was positively correlated with speechreading skill. Together, these findings indicate that activation in the left superior temporal regions for silent speechreading can be modulated by both hearing status and speechreading skill.
Capek
Cheryl M
CM
Deafness, Cognition and Language Research Centre, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 49 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PD, United Kingdom. c.capek@ucl.ac.uk
Macsweeney
Mairéad
M
Woll
Bencie
B
Waters
Dafydd
D
McGuire
Philip K
PK
David
Anthony S
AS
Brammer
Michael J
MJ
Campbell
Ruth
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003638:Deafness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008085:Lipreading; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012813:Sign Language