title: Drug-loaded microspheres for the treatment of liver cancer: review of current results.
abstract: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) involves the emulsification of a chemotherapeutic agent in a viscous drug carrier, delivered intra-arterially to liver tumor for maximum effect. TACE reduces arterial inflow, diminishes washout of the chemotherapeutic agent, and decreases systemic exposure. Despite evidence of some clinical success with TACE, a new type of microspheres with drug-eluting capabilities may offer a precisely controlled and sustainable release of the chemotherapeutic agent into the tumor bed. In animal trials tumor necrosis (approaching 100%) was greatest at 7 days, with significantly lower plasma concentrations of doxorubicin than in control animals treated with doxorubicin intra-arterially. Clinically, drug-eluting microspheres loaded with doxorubicin, either at 75 mg/m(2) or at a fixed dose of 150 mg, were used recently and no severe disorders of the hepatic function were observed postprocedure, while a substantial reduction of the fetoprotein levels occurred. An interim analysis of the first 15 patients from the Hong Kong group at 3 months showed an objective response rate of 61.54% and 53.84% according to EASL criteria and RECIST criteria, respectively, and a survival rate of 93.3%. In this paper we present how to use microspheres loaded with doxorubicin and review their clinical value and preliminary performance for treatment of unresectable liver cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Angiography and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. joachim.kettenbach@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kettenbach
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Isabella V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Katzler
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schernthaner
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lammer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004317:Doxorubicin