title: Sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol, extracts of Sargassum sagamianum, induce apoptosis in HaCaT cells and mice skin: Its potentiation of UVB-induced apoptosis.
abstract: The plastoquinones sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol are major components of brown alga Sargassum sagamianum and are known to be involved in neurite growth and survival. In this study, we describe their novel pro-apoptotic activities in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, treatment with sargaquinoic acid or sargachromenol promoted cell death and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Sargaquinoic acid- or sargachromenol-induced apoptosis was enhanced by co-treatment with UVB irradiation. It showed much higher levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP than with sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol alone, while it had no effect on Bcl-2 and Bax expression level. Examination by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry showed that topical application of sargaquinoic acid (1 mg/ml) before UVB irradiation (2.5 kJ/m(2)) of hairless mice also enhanced apoptosis including activation of caspase-3. Since a combination of phototherapy using UVB with topical reagents has been clinically applied to treat hyperproliferative skin disease, these results suggest that sargaquinoic acid and sargachromenol could be effective therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-040, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seulgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Hyangkyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Younghwa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bong-Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jongheon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Tae-Yoon
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D044647:Sargassum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D016227:Benzoquinones; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C503204:sargachromenol; C477718:sargaquinoic acid; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9