title: On-line monitoring of microbial volatile metabolites by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A method for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from microbial cultures was established using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). A newly developed sampling system was coupled to a PTR-MS instrument to allow on-line monitoring of VOCs in the dynamic headspaces of microbial cultures. The novel PTR-MS method was evaluated for four reference organisms: Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enterica, and Candida tropicalis. Headspace VOCs in sampling bottles containing actively growing cultures and uninoculated culture medium controls were sequentially analyzed by PTR-MS. Characteristic marker ions were found for certain microbial cultures: C. tropicalis could be identified by several unique markers compared with the other three organisms, and E. coli and S. enterica were distinguishable from each other and from S. flexneri by specific marker ions, demonstrating the potential of this method to differentiate between even closely related microorganisms. Although the temporal profiles of some VOCs were similar to the growth dynamics of the microbial cultures, most VOCs showed a different temporal profile, characterized by constant or decreasing VOC levels or by single or multiple peaks over 24 h of incubation. These findings strongly indicate that the temporal evolution of VOC emissions during growth must be considered if characterization or differentiation based on microbial VOC emissions is attempted. Our study may help to establish the analysis of VOCs by on-line PTR-MS as a routine method in microbiology and as a tool for monitoring environmental and biotechnological processes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bunge
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araghipour
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikoviny
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunkl
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnitzhofer
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schinner
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wisthaler
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margesin
authors.forename: Tilmann D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Märk
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D011522:Protons; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011522:Protons