title: Characterization of the functional and growth properties of cell lines established from ileal and rectal carcinoid tumors.
abstract: Carcinoids of the intestine are the most common gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors. Therapeutic options to treat patients with these tumors are limited. There are very few ileal carcinoid cell lines available for in vitro studies to analyze new drugs that could be effective in treating patients with metastatic tumors. A replication defective recombinant adenovirus with an SV40 early T-antigen insert was used to infect two intestinal carcinoid tumors to create carcinoid cell lines. The cell lines were studied by cell culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Both cell lines expressed SV40 large T antigen and receptors for TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, EGFR, and somatostatin receptors. Treatment with TGFbeta1 led to growth inhibition and increased apoptosis in the cultured cells. Octreotide inhibited cell growth of both cell lines while stimulating apoptosis. Treatment of the HC45 cells with gefitinib also inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner. TGFbeta treatment stimulated chromogranin A expression while expression of two other granins, chromogranin B and 7B2, did not change significantly. RNA profiling of cells treated with TGFbeta1 showed increased expression of vitamin D3 receptor. This finding was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that these carcinoid cell lines can be used to study the proliferative and apoptotic mechanisms involved in intestinal carcinoid tumor growth regulation.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Gail A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Stilling
authors.forename: Heyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Katharina H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ruebel
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Leontovich
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanizaki
authors.forename: Shuya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hobday
authors.forename: Ricardo V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000077156:Gefitinib; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011799:Quinazolines; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D015282:Octreotide; D000077156:Gefitinib