title: Products of 12/15-lipoxygenase upregulate the angiotensin II receptor.
abstract: Angiotensin II and its type 1 receptor (AT1R) play important roles in the pathogenesis of renal disease and diabetic nephropathy. The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism and its lipid products have also been implicated in diabetic nephropathy. However, it is unclear whether 12/15-lipoxygenase regulates expression of AT1R. In cultured rat mesangial cells, we found that the 12/15-lipoxygenase product 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) increased AT1R mRNA and protein expression, primarily by stabilizing AT1R mRNA. Pretreatment with 12(S)-HETE also amplified the signaling effects of angiotensin II, likely due to the increased AT1R expression. Levels of AT1R protein expression decreased when 12/15-lipoxygenase was knocked down with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) compared with control cells. Similarly, levels of the AT1 receptor, but not the AT2 receptor, were significantly lower in mesangial cells and glomeruli derived from 12/15-lipoxygenase knockout mice compared with control mice. Reciprocally, stable overexpression of 12/15-lipoxygenase increased AT1R expression in cultured mesangial cells. In vivo, modified siRNA targeting 12/15-lipoxygenase reduced glomerular AT1R expression in a diabetic mouse model. Interestingly, angiotensin II induced greater levels of 12/15-lipoxygenase, TGF-beta1, and fibronectin (FN) in AT1R-overexpressing mesangial cells compared with control cells. Therefore, oxidized lipids generated by the 12/15-lipoxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid can enhance AT1R expression in mesangial cells and augment the profibrotic effects of angiotensin II.
authors.affiliation: Gonda Diabetes Research Center, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
authors.forename: Zhong-Gao
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lanting
authors.forename: Shu-Lian
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Narkunaraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Sharon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Marpadga A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C475064:12-15-lipoxygenase; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases