Molecular mechanisms and physiological significance of autophagy during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
Autophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation process whereby cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled through lysosomes. In the heart, autophagy plays a homeostatic role at basal levels, and the absence of autophagy causes cardiac dysfunction and the development of cardiomyopathy. Autophagy is induced during myocardial ischemia and further enhanced by reperfusion. Although induction of autophagy during the ischemic phase is protective, further enhancement of autophagy during the reperfusion phase may induce cell death and appears to be detrimental. In this review we discuss the functional significance of autophagy and the underlying signaling mechanism in the heart during ischemia/reperfusion.
Matsui
Yutaka
Y
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Kyoi
Shiori
S
Takagi
Hiromitsu
H
Hsu
Chiao-Po
CP
Hariharan
Nirmala
N
Ago
Tetsuro
T
Vatner
Stephen F
SF
Sadoshima
Junichi
J
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases