Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and renal cancer risk in Central and Eastern Europe.
Previous studies investigated the role of vitamin D intake and cancer risk. The kidney is a major organ for vitamin D metabolism, activity, and calcium homeostasis; therefore, it was hypothesized that dietary vitamin D intake and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may modify renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. Three common VDR gene polymorphisms (BsmI, FokI, TaqI) were evaluated among 925 RCC cases and 1192 controls enrolled in a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Central and Eastern Europe. Overall associations with RCC risk were not observed; however, subgroup analyses revealed associations after stratification by median age of diagnosis and family history of cancer. Among subjects over 60 yr, reduced risks were observed among carriers of the f alleles in the FokI single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61 for Ff and OR = 0.74 for ff genotypes) compared to subjects with the FF genotype (P trend = 0.04; P interaction = 0.004). Subjects with the BB BsmI genotype and a positive family history of cancer had lower risk compared to subjects with the bb allele (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.33-1.1; P trend = 0.05). Genotype associations with these subgroups were not modified when dietary sources of vitamin D or calcium were considered. Additional studies of genetic variation in the VDR gene are warranted.
Karami
S
S
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. karamis@ mail.nih.gov
Brennan
P
P
Hung
R J
RJ
Boffetta
P
P
Toro
J
J
Wilson
R T
RT
Zaridze
D
D
Navratilova
M
M
Chatterjee
N
N
Mates
D
D
Janout
V
V
Kollarova
H
H
Bencko
V
V
Szeszenia-Dabrowska
N
N
Holcatova
I
I
Moukeria
A
A
Welch
R
R
Chanock
S
S
Rothman
N
N
Chow
W-H
WH
Moore
L E
LE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*
D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol