title: Estimates of costs of hospital stay for variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variceal (VUGIB) and nonvariceal (NVUGIB) upper gastrointestinal bleeding are prevalent causes of hospitalization. Cost estimates are needed to determine the impact of their contemporary treatments (endoscopic hemostasis and high-dose proton pump inhibition). We determined the costs of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with or without complications (rebleeding).
  
  
  METHODS
  Charges and length of stay (LOS) were obtained from the United States Nation-wide Inpatient Sample. We defined NVUGIB using Diagnosis Related Groups, and VUGIB using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospitalization costs with and without complications were $5632 and $3402 for NVUGIB, and $23,207 and $6612 for VUGIB, respectively; similarly, mean LOS were 4.4 and 2.7 days, and 15.2 and 3.8 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present hospitalization costs and LOS for VUGIB and NVUGIB with and without complications. The reliability of our estimates rests with the size and the national representativeness of the databases used, and should prove helpful for cost analyses for UGIB requiring updated national estimates.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Barkun
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viviane
authors.forename: Barkun N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Alan
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019992:Databases as Topic; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000191:economics; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000191:economics*; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors