title: ATR signaling can drive cells into senescence in the absence of DNA breaks.
abstract: The ATR kinase is a key transducer of "replicative stress," the type of genomic damage that has been postulated to be induced by oncogenes. Here we describe a cellular system in which we can unleash ATR activity at will, in the absence of any actual damage or additional signaling pathways triggered by DNA breaks. We demonstrate that activating ATR is sufficient to promote cell cycle arrest and, if persistent, triggers p53-dependent but Ink4a/ARF-independent senescence. Moreover, we show that an ectopic activation of ATR leads to a G1/S arrest in ATM-/- cells, providing the first evidence of functional complementation of ATM deficiency by ATR. Our system provides a novel platform for the study of the specific functions of ATR signaling and adds evidence for the tumor-suppressive potential of the DNA damage response.
authors.affiliation: Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murga
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Martinez
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Capetillo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D053960:DNA Breaks; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576897:Atr protein, mouse; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases