title: Assessment of chemically separated carbon nanotubes for nanoelectronics.
abstract: It remains an elusive goal to obtain high performance single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWNT) electronics such as field effect transistors (FETs) composed of single- or few-chirality SWNTs, due to broad distributions in as-grown materials. Much progress has been made by various separation approaches to obtain materials enriched in metal or semiconducting nanotubes or even in single chiralties. However, research in validating SWNT separations by electrical transport measurements and building functional electronic devices has been scarce. Here, we performed length, diameter, and chirality separation of DNA functionalized HiPco SWNTs by chromatography methods, and we characterized the chiralities by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements. The use of these combined methods provided deeper insight to the degree of separation than either technique alone. Separation of SWNTs by chirality and diameter occurred at varying degrees that decreased with increasing tube diameter. This calls for new separation methods capable of metallicity or chirality separation of large diameter SWNTs (in the approximately 1.5 nm range) needed for high performance nanoelectronics. With most of the separated fractions enriched in semiconducting SWNTs, nanotubes placed in parallel in short-channel (approximately 200 nm) electrical devices fail to produce FETs with high on/off switching, indicating incomplete elimination of metallic species. In rare cases with a certain separated SWNT fraction, we were able to fabricate FET devices composed of small-diameter, chemically separated SWNTs in parallel, with high on-/off-current (I(on)/I(off)) ratios up to 105 owing to semiconducting SWNTs with only a few (n,m) chiralities in the fraction. This was the first time that chemically separated SWNTs were used for short channel, all-semiconducting SWNT electronics dominant by just a few (n,m)'s. Nevertheless, the results suggest that much improved chemical separation methods are needed to produce nanotube electronics at a large scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaric
authors.forename: Xiaomin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Xinran
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004581:Electronics / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D004247:DNA