title: Extracting stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and kinetics for the interaction of DNA with cadmium ion by capillary electrophoresis on-line coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: Understanding the binding of cadmium with DNA is of great importance for elucidating the mechanism of cadmium genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. In the present work, CE on-line coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was employed to study the binding electrophoretic behaviors, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and kinetics for the interaction of cadmium cation (Cd(II)) with DNA. The stoichiometry (Cd(II) to DNA (as the concentration of base pairs)) for the interaction was determined to be 1:5. Two types of binding sites on DNA were observed with the binding constants of 10(6) and 10(5) L/mol, respectively, showing strong affinity of Cd(II) to DNA. The interaction of Cd(II) with both types of binding sites on DNA were driven by negative enthalpy change with a large positive entropy change. The binding of Cd(II) to DNA followed a first-order kinetics for Cd(II) with the apparent activation energy of 45.7 +/- 1.9 kJ/mol. The results obtained in present investigation would be helpful to understanding the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cadmium.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yun-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiu-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002104:Cadmium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D009862:Online Systems; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D004247:DNA