title: Racial differences in hospice revocation to pursue aggressive care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hospice provides supportive care to terminally ill patients at the end of life. However, some enrollees leave hospice before death in search of therapies that may prolong survival. Because of a greater preference for life-sustaining therapies at the end of life, African American patients may be more likely than white patients to withdraw from hospice to seek life-prolonging therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a secondary data analysis of African American and white patients discharged from VITAS hospice programs between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003, we used logistic regression to examine the association between race and discharge disposition defined as hospice revocation to pursue aggressive care (eg, emergency medical care, chemotherapy, or invasive medical intervention) vs all other discharges. We used a Cox proportional hazards model to examine survival at 1 year after hospice revocation in a subgroup of enrollees from Florida hospice programs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 166 197 enrollees, 2.8% revoked hospice to pursue aggressive care, and African American patients were more likely than white patients to do so (4.5% vs 2.5%; P< .001). In multivariate analysis, African American patients had a 70% higher odds of leaving hospice to pursue life-prolonging therapies (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-1.84). In the subgroup analysis, 48.4% of the enrollees who revoked hospice to pursue life-prolonging therapies were still alive at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American patients were more likely than white patients to revoke hospice to pursue life-prolonging therapies. Models of health care that couple curative and palliative therapies may be more attractive to African American patients and more effective at maximizing continuity throughout life-limiting illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. johns196@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Maragatha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuchibhatla
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanis
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tulsky
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001293:Attitude to Death / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*