title: Cytokines and myocardial dysfunction: state of the art.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation and cytokine modulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to understand the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology and management of myocardial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart failure has been revisited with revision of the pertinent published articles in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EBSCO Host research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the proinflammatory cytokines, illumination of this important point requires further diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. Data on chronic heart failure are not so reassuring; therefore, patients with advanced heart failure should not be treated with anticytokines at this time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies are warranted to pave the way for introducing cytokine and immunomodulation therapy at the optimal and appropriate time.
authors.affiliation: Weill Cornell Faculty of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ayman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Menyar
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10