title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer.
abstract: Occult distant micrometastasis at the time of radical cystectomy leads predominantly to distant failures in patients with locally advanced muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy enhances survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Studies evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy have been limited by inadequate statistical power. However, randomized clinical trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for neoadjvuant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, which should be considered a standard of care. In addition, neoadjuvant therapy may assist in the rapid development of novel systemic therapy regimens, since pathologic complete remission appears to be a powerful prognostic factor for long-term outcomes. Patients who are either unfit for or refuse radical cystectomy may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiation to enable bladder preservation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Webster 77598, USA. guru.sonpavde@usoncology.com
authors.forename: Guru
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonpavde
authors.forename: Seth P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lerner
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin