title: IAAT, catecholamines, and parity in African-American and European-American women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have recently reported that parous European-American (EA) women have disproportionately more intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) than their nulliparous counterparts. Mediating mechanisms for IAAT accumulation remain unknown; however, some evidence suggests a possible catecholamine link. The objective of this study was to determine whether the IAAT-parity relationship found in EA women exists in African-American (AA) women and to determine whether catecholamines play a mediating role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 44 EA and 47 AA premenopausal women. Free-living physical activity by doubly labeled water (activity-related time equivalent (ARTE)), body composition (air plethysmography, computed tomography), and 24-h fractionated urinary catecholamines were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures ANOVA revealed parous EA and AA women had significantly higher IAAT than their nulliparous counterparts (100.1 +/- 28.5 and 76.2 +/- 34.8 cm(2) vs. 75.9 +/- 29.1 and 59.6 +/- 15.0 cm(2)). In AA women and nulliparous women, 24-h urinary dopamine was significantly higher (AA parous 260.8 +/- 88; EA parous 197.2 +/- 78.8; AA nulliparous 376.5 +/- 81; EA nulliparous 289.6 +/- 62). Multiple regression analysis for modeling IAAT indicated that race, parity, dopamine, ARTE, and VO(2max) were all significant and independent contributors to the model (Unstandardized betas: race -32.6 +/- 7.4; parity (number of births) 10.0 +/- 3.4; 24-h urinary dopamine 0.08 +/- 0.04; ARTE (min/day) -0.09 +/- 0.04; VO(2max) (ml/kg/min) -2.8 +/- 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independent of the potential confounders: age, race, percent body fat, IAAT, 24-h fractionated urinary catecholamines, physical activity, and VO(2max), parous EA and AA women had more IAAT than their nulliparous counterparts. Of the catecholamines, dopamine was found to be significantly lower in parous women and higher in AA's. Dopamine, however, did not explain racial or parity differences in IAAT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. blaudeau@uab.edu
authors.forename: Tamilane E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Blaudeau
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: St-Onge
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.forename: Jane L P
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: Betty E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Darnell
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000652:urine; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010298:Parity; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011247:Pregnancy; D017697:Premenopause / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine