title: Inhibition of IkappaB kinase subunit 2 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma down-regulates nuclear factor-kappaB constitutive activation, induces cell death, and potentiates the apoptotic response to antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A key molecular feature of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) is the constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor. We investigated in vitro the effects on CTCL survival and chemoresistance of a specific inhibition of IkappaB kinase subunit 2 (IKK2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Selective IKK2 inhibition was carried out by transfection of SeAx and MyLa CTCL lines with an inactive form of IKK2 and by exposing these lines and tumor cells from 10 patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) to AS602868, a new IKK2 inhibitor. The constitutive nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and confocal microscopy. Apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/propidium iodide-positive staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential alterations as well as poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage. The expression of Bcl-2 family oncoproteins and survivin was studied by immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific IKK2 inhibition resulting from transfection or from incubation with AS602868 allowed a down-regulation of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. As shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and apoptosis assays, AS602868 down-regulated the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and induced a potent apoptotic response in CTCL lines and in tumor cells from patients with SS while preserving the viability of both peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors and of nonmalignant T cells from SS patients. Moreover, CTCL death induction by conventional antineoplastic agents etoposide and vincristine was potentiated by AS602868. Finally, AS602868-induced apoptosis of CTCL cells was associated with an up-regulation of Bax dimers and a decrease of survivin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that IKK2 inhibition represents a promising strategy for the treatment of advanced stages of CTCL.
authors.affiliation: Unité Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U697 and Department of Dermatology 1, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris 7, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sors
authors.forename: Francette
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jean-Louis
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bégué
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parmentier
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubertret
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dreano
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Courtois
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachelez
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D012016:Reference Values; D012751:Sezary Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C519899:AS602868; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011743:Pyrimidines; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase