Smoking related systemic and oral diseases.
This article reviewed smoking related systemic diseases and oral diseases. Smoking is related to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases and many other systemic diseases. Cigarette smoke affects the oral cavity first, so it is evident that smoking has many negative influences on oral cavity, for example, staining of teeth and dental restorations, wound healing, reduction of the ability to smell and taste, and development of oral diseases such as oral cancer, periodontitis, smoker's palate, smoker's melanosis, hairy tongue, leukoplakia, oral candidiasis and implant survival rate. The article also discusses the relationship between smoking and dental caries in detail.
Vellappally
Sajith
S
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine, Hradec Králové. drvellappally@rediffmail.com
Fiala
Zdenĕk
Z
Smejkalová
Jindra
J
Jacob
Vimal
V
Somanathan
Rakesh
R
D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*