title: Viral etiology for inner ear diseases: proven, unproven, unlikely.
abstract: This is a revision article that deals with the broad field of inner ear disease caused by viral infections. Some of these entities have been proven to have a viral etiology. Others have strong evidence in favor of a viral causation but still cannot be considered as a viral disease. Finally, other entities are suggestive of a viral etiology but when the whole body of evidence is considered one concludes that a viral etiology is indeed unlikely. We review the literature and add our own experience in this subject. Clearly, the most important evidence about this subject came from the study of temporal bone histopathology. Certainly, we can learn much more if we continue to collect and study temporal bone specimens histopathologically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Brasília University Medical School, Brasília, Brazil. cacpoliveira@brturbo.com.br
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: André L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Fayez M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Bahmad
authors.forename: Mercedes F S
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007759:Labyrinth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology