Cytokines and myocardial dysfunction: state of the art.
BACKGROUND
Myocardial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation and cytokine modulation.


OBJECTIVE
The study objective was to understand the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology and management of myocardial dysfunction.


METHODS
Heart failure has been revisited with revision of the pertinent published articles in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and EBSCO Host research.


RESULTS
For the proinflammatory cytokines, illumination of this important point requires further diagnostic and therapeutic investigations. Data on chronic heart failure are not so reassuring; therefore, patients with advanced heart failure should not be treated with anticytokines at this time.


CONCLUSIONS
Further studies are warranted to pave the way for introducing cytokine and immunomodulation therapy at the optimal and appropriate time.
El-Menyar
Ayman A
AA
Weill Cornell Faculty of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10