title: Delayed cardioprotection afforded by the glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor SB-216763 occurs via a KATP- and MPTP-dependent mechanism at reperfusion.
abstract: Previous studies in our laboratory suggest that an acute inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) by SB-216763 (SB21) is cardioprotective when administered just before reperfusion. However, it is unknown whether the GSK inhibitor SB21 administered 24 h before ischemia is cardioprotective and whether the mechanism involves ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered the GSK inhibitor SB21 (0.6 mg/kg) or vehicle 24 h before ischemia. Subsequently, the rats were acutely anesthetized with Inactin and underwent 30 min of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion followed by infarct size determination. Subsets of rats received either the sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel blocker HMR-1098 (6 mg/kg), the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg), or the MPTP opener atractyloside (5 mg/kg) either 5 min before SB21 administration or 5 min before reperfusion 24 h later. The infarct size was reduced in SB21 compared with vehicle (44 +/- 2% vs. 61 +/- 2%, respectively; P < 0.01). 5-HD administered either before SB21 treatment or 5 min before reperfusion the following day abrogated SB21-induced protection (54 +/- 4% and 61 +/- 2%, respectively). HMR-1098 did not affect the SB21-induced infarct size reduction when administered before the SB21 treatment (43 +/- 1%); however, HMR-1098 partially abrogated the SB21-induced infarct size reduction when administered just before reperfusion 24 h later (52 +/- 1%). The MPTP opening either before SB21 administration or 5 min before reperfusion abrogated the infarct size reduction produced by SB21 (61 +/- 2% and 62 +/- 2%, respectively). Hence, GSK inhibition reduces infarct size when given 24 h before the administration via the opening K(ATP) channels and MPTP closure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. ggross@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Garrett J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001278:Atractyloside / Q000494:pharmacology; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D054086:KATP Channels; D008301:Maleimides; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; C417521:SB 216763; D001278:Atractyloside; C410297:HMR 1098; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3