title: Decreased entorhinal cortex volumes in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe and is involved in memory and learning. Previous MRI studies reported conflicting findings in schizophrenia, showing normal or reduced entorhinal size.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore entorhinal cortex volumes in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia recruited from the geographically defined catchment area of South Verona (i.e. 100,000 inhabitants). We also investigated the size of hippocampus as part of the medial temporal lobe.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 patients with schizophrenia and 77 normal controls underwent a session of MRI (TR=2060 ms, TE=3.9 ms, slice thickness=1.25 mm). Entorhinal and hippocampal volumes were explored using the Brains2 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant group effect was found for total entorhinal cortex but not for hippocampus, with patients suffering from schizophrenia having smaller entorhinal volumes compared to normal subjects (F=6.24, p=0.01), particularly on the right side (F=9.76, p=0.002). Also, the laterality index for entorhinal cortex was higher in normal individuals than in patients with schizophrenia (F=5.45, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with some of the previous reports, our study confirmed the presence of abnormally decreased entorhinal volumes, particularly on the right side, in a large number of patients with schizophrenia and also found altered asymmetry. This may play a major role in the psychopathology and cognitive disturbances of the disease. Future longitudinal MRI studies including high-risk subjects and drug-free, first-episode patients are crucial to further understand whether entorhinal cortex shrinkage is already present at the onset of the illness or appears as a consequence of the illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Clinical & Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Section, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baiano
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perlini
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rambaldelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dusi
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellani
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spezzapria
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Versace
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balestrieri
authors.forename: Roberto Pozzi
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mucelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tansella
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D035061:Control Groups; D018728:Entorhinal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology