title: Treatment of opioid-dependent pregnant women: clinical and research issues.
abstract: This article addresses common questions that clinicians face when treating pregnant women with opioid dependence. Guidance, based on both research evidence and the collective clinical experience of the authors, which include investigators in the Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research (MOTHER) project, is provided to aid clinical decision making. The MOTHER project is a double-blind, double-dummy, flexible-dosing, parallel-group clinical trial examining the comparative safety and efficacy of methadone and buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid dependence in pregnant women and their neonates. The article begins with a discussion of appropriate assessment during pregnancy and then addresses clinical management stages including maintenance medication selection, induction, and stabilization; opioid agonist medication management before, during, and after delivery; pain management; breast-feeding; and transfer to aftercare. Lastly, other important clinical issues including managing co-occurring psychiatric disorders and medication interactions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. hejones@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Hendree E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Heil
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaltenbach
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: Mara G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stine
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: Amelia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arria
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D008691:Methadone