title: Baseline in vitro efficacy of ACT component drugs on Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from Mali.
abstract: In vitro susceptibility to antimalarial drugs of Malian Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected between 2004 and 2006 was studied. Susceptibility to chloroquine and to three artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) component drugs was assessed as a first, to our knowledge, in vitro susceptibility study in Mali. Overall 96 Malian isolates (51 from around Bamako and 45 collected from French travellers returning from Mali) were cultivated in a CO(2) incubator. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) were measured by either hypoxanthine incorporation or Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) ELISA. Although the two sets of data were generated with different methods, the global IC(50) distributions showed parallel trends. A good concordance of resistance phenotype with pfcrt 76T mutant genotype was found within the sets of clinical isolates tested. We confirm a high prevalence of P. falciparum in vitro resistance to chloroquine in Mali (60-69%). While some isolates showed IC(50)s close to the cut-off for resistance to monodesethylamodiaquine, no decreased susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin or lumefantrine was detected. This study provides baseline data for P. falciparum in vitro susceptibility to ACT component drugs in Mali.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris & Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, Paris Cedex 18, France.
authors.forename: Halima
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaddouri
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djimdé
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dama
authors.forename: Aly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kodio
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tekete
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: Aminatou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koné
authors.forename: Hamma
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maiga
authors.forename: Oumar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yattara
authors.forename: Bakary
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fofana
authors.forename: Bakary
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sidibe
authors.forename: Cheick P O
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sangaré
authors.forename: Ogobara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Bras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005819:Genetic Markers; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy; D008302:Mali; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D002738:Chloroquine; C031327:artemisinin