Effects of carprofen and meloxicam with or without butorphanol on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs.
Sparing effects of carprofen and meloxicam with or without butorphanol on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane were determined in 6 dogs. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen, and MAC was determined by use of a tail clamp method. The dogs were administered a subcutaneous injection of carprofen (4 mg/kg) or meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg), or no medication (control) one hour prior to induction of anesthesia. Following the initial determination of MAC, butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly, and MAC was determined again. The sevoflurane MACs for carprofen alone (2.10 +/- 0.26%) and meloxicam alone (2.06 +/- 0.20%) were significantly less than the control (2.39 +/- 0.26%). The sevoflurane MACs for the combination of carprofen with butorphanol (1.78 +/- 0.20%) and meloxicam with butorphanol (1.66 +/- 0.29%) were also significantly less than the control value after the administration of butorphanol (2.12 +/- 0.28%). The sevoflurane sparing effects of the combinations of carprofen with butorphanol and meloxicam with butorphanol were additive.
Yamashita
Kazuto
K
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan. yamasita@rakuno.ac.jp
Okano
Yoshihiko
Y
Yamashita
Maiko
M
Umar
Mohammed A
MA
Kushiro
Tokiko
T
Muir
William W
WW
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004285:Dogs; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C007005:carprofen; D002077:Butorphanol; D000077239:Meloxicam