An overview of clinical governance policies, practices and initiatives.
OBJECTIVE
To map the emergence of, and define, clinical governance; to discuss current best practices, and to explore the implications of these for boards of directors and executives wishing to promote a clinical governance approach in their health services.


METHODS
Review and analysis of the published and grey literature on clinical governance from 1966 to 2006. Medline and CINAHL databases, key journals and websites were systematically searched.


RESULTS
Central issues were identified in the literature as key to effective clinical governance. These include: ensuring that links are made between health services' clinical and corporate governance; the use of clinical governance to promote quality and safety through a focus on quality assurance and continuous improvement; the creation of clinical governance structures to improve safety and quality and manage risk and performance; the development of strategies to ensure the effective exchange of data, knowledge and expertise; and the sponsoring of a patient-centred approach to service delivery.


CONCLUSIONS
A comprehensive approach to clinical governance necessarily includes the active participation of boards and executives in sponsoring and promoting clinical governance as a quality and safety strategy. Although this is still a relatively recent development, the signs are promising.
Braithwaite
Jeffrey
J
Centre for Clinical Governance Research, University of New South Wales, 10 Arthur Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. j.braithwaite@unsw.edu.au
Travaglia
Joanne F
JF
D001315:Australia; D006075:Governing Board / Q000592:standards*; D058016:Health Facility Administration; D016134:Organizational Policy