title: Feeding potato flakes affects cecal short-chain fatty acids, microflora and fecal bile acids in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Feeding rats potato resistant starch improves large bowel health; however, there is little information on the physiological effects of preprocessed starch like potato flakes in animal experiments. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the consumption of various colored potato (white, red and purple) flakes on cecal fermentation and fecal bile acid excretions in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The control group was fed a basal diet (BD) containing alpha-cornstarch for 4 weeks. The potato flake-treated groups were fed one of the following diets containing a mixture of 299.5 g/kg alpha-cornstarch plus 250 g/kg Hokkai kogane flakes (HK, white), Hokkai No. 91 flakes (H91, red) or Hokkai No. 92 flakes (H92, purple).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the body weight, food intake and cecum weight among the groups. Cecal pH values in the HK, H91 and H92 groups were significantly lower than that in the BD group, and matter excretion in the H91 group was significantly higher than in the BD and HK groups. Cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the HK, H91 and H92 groups were significantly higher than in the BD group, and the molar ratio of butyrate to total SCFA in the HK, H91 and H92 groups was greatly increased compared with the BD group. Rats fed the HK, H91 and H92 potato flake diets presented significantly higher counts of total anaerobes in the cecum than rats fed the BD. The cecal Lactobacillus count in the H91 group was significantly increased compared to the BD group and the Bifidobacterium count was similar for all groups. Fecal total bile acid excretion in the H92 flake group and secondary bile acid excretions in the H91 and H92 groups were significantly greater than those in the other groups and in the BD and HK groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that potato flakes act like resistant starch and raise bowel SCFA, probably through anaerobic bacterial activities and fermentation of residual starch. These actions are helpful for the improvement of the colonic environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyu-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D002432:Cecum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D013213:Starch