title: Prognosis of refractory neurosarcoidosis altered by thalidomide: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas in the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and, rarely, the nervous system. Granuloma formation in sarcoidosis is mediated by increased secretion of interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 25% of patients with neurosarcoidosis are steroid resistant and another 20-40% are resistant to any conventional immunosuppression, but the typical agents suppress the immune system in a non-specific fashion. Thalidomide has been shown to have activity specific to the inflammatory mediators of sarcoidosis, has been shown to be beneficial in cutaneous sarcoidosis, and provides an interesting observation in our patient with refractory neurosarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40 year old African-american female presented with refractory neurosarcoidosis. Over the course of several years, the patient was treated with high dose steroids, imuran, cytoxan, and cyclosporine without benefit. Then, the patient received thalidomide, slowly escalating to 650 mg. After 2 months radiologic improvement was noted and after 6 months clinical stabilization and improvement became apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our case report presents a difficult, refractory case of neurosarcoidosis that demonstrates an altered prognosis based on the addition of thalidomide.
authors.affiliation: Dardinger Neuro-Oncology Center, Division of Neuro-Oncology, and Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA. chad.hoyle@osumc.edu
authors.forename: J Chad
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoyle
authors.forename: Herbert B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katz