title: Osteoblastic cell behaviour on different titanium implant surfaces.
abstract: The osseointegration of oral implants is related to the early interactions between osteoblastic cells and titanium surfaces. The behaviour of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was compared on four different titanium surfaces: mirror-polished (Smooth-Ti), alumina grit-blasted (Alumina-Ti) or biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic grit-blasted (BCP-Ti) and a commercially available implant surface (SLA). Scanning electron microscopy and profilometry showed distinct microtopographies. The BCP-Ti group had higher average surface roughness (Ra=2.5 microm) than the other grit-blasted groups. Hydrophilicity and surfaces energies were determined on the different substrates by dynamic contact angle measurements. The most hydrophilic surface was the Alumina-Ti discs, while SLA was the most hydrophobic. The titanium surfaces were all oxidized as TiO2 and polluted by carbon contaminants, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Alumina-Ti samples also exhibited aluminium peaks as a result of the blasting. The BCP-Ti discs contained traces of calcium and phosphorus. MC3T3-E1 cells attached, spread and proliferated on the substrates. For both the SLA and BCP-Ti groups, the entire surface was covered with a layer of osteoblastic cells after 2 days. At high magnification, the cells exhibited cytoplasmic extensions and filopodia. Compared with plastic, cell viability was similar with the Smooth-Ti, slightly lower with the Alumina-Ti and superior with the SLA and BCP-Ti groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased with the culture time whatever the substrate. This study shows that BCP-blasting produces rough titanium implants without surface contaminants.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U791, Laboratory for Osteo-Articular and Dental Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Guehennec
authors.forename: Marco-Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lopez-Heredia
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Enkel
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amouriq
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layrolle
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D048430:Cell Shape; D002470:Cell Survival; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase