title: Measurement of fine particulate matter nonvolatile and semi-volatile organic material with the Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor.
abstract: Semi-volatile organic material (SVOM) in fine particles is not reliably measured with conventional semicontinuous carbon monitors because SVOM is lost from the collection media during sample collection. We have modified a Sunset Laboratory Carbon Aerosol Monitor to allow for the determination of SVOM. In a conventional Sunset monitor, gas-phase organic compounds are removed in the sampled airstream by a diffusion denuder employing charcoal-impregnated cellulose filter (CIF) surfaces. Subsequently, particles are collected on a quartz filter and the instrument then determines both the organic carbon and elemental carbon fractions of the aerosol using a thermal/optical method. However, some of the SVOM is lost from the filter during collection, and therefore is not determined. Because the interfering gas-phase organic compounds are removed before aerosol collection, the SVOM can be determined by filtering the particles at the instrument inlet and then replacing the quartz filter in the monitor with a charcoal-impregnated glass fiber filter (CIG), which retains the SVOM lost from particles collected on the inlet filter. The resulting collected SVOM is then determined in the analysis step by measurement of the carbonaceous material thermally evolved from the CIG filter. This concept was tested during field studies in February 2003 in Lindon, UT, and in July 2003 in Rubidoux, CA. The results obtained were validated by comparison with Particle Concentrator-Brigham Young University Organic Sampling System (PC-BOSS) results. The sum of nonvolatile organic material determined with a conventional Sunset monitor and SVOM determined with the modified Sunset monitor agree with the PC-BOSS results. Linear regression analysis of total carbon concentrations determined by the PC-BOSS and the Sunset resulted in a zero-intercept slope of 0.99 +/- 0.02 (R2 = 0.92) and a precision of sigma = +/- 1.5 microg C/m3 (8%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
authors.forename: Brett D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Norman L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Eatough
authors.forename: Delbert J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Eatough
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cary
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hopke
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon