title: Fever evaluations after colorectal surgery: identification of risk factors that increase yield and decrease cost.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the yield and cost of fever evaluations in average-risk inpatients after elective colorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month, retrospective study was performed on patients who developed a postoperative fever > or = 38 degrees C after elective colorectal surgery. A positive fever evaluation was defined as a blood culture, urine culture, chest x-ray, or abdominal CT result that led to a change in patient management. Logistic regression, Fisher's exact test, and chi-squared test were used; odds ratios were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 133 patients, 26 percent had a positive evaluation. Blood culture, urine culture, chest x-ray, and CT were positive in 3, 8, 7, and 46 percent, respectively. Risk factors for a positive fever evaluation were temperature > or = 38.5 degrees C, fever evaluation after postoperative Day 6, and a clinical manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome other than fever (all, P < 0.01). The cost per positive fever evaluation for the entire group, patients with 2 risk factors, or patients with 3 risk factors was $5,600, $4,200, and $2,140, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current approach to fever evaluation after elective colorectal surgery is low yield and costly. High fever, late postoperative fever, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome are risk factors for a positive fever evaluation after colorectal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A30-262, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: da Luz Moreira
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kalady
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: V W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors