Laser diode to single-mode fiber ball lens coupling efficiency: full-wave calculation and measurements.
We show that the coupling efficiency from a laser diode (LD) to an optical fiber through a ball lens can be calculated accurately using the exact solution to Maxwell's equations for the scattering of a beam from a dielectric sphere. Our calculated results agree closely with coupling measurements from an asymmetric LD for two different ball lenses.
Ratowsky
R P
RP
Yang
L
L
Deri
R J
RJ
Chang
K W
KW
Kallman
J S
JS
Trott
G
G