title: Impact of obesity on health-related quality of life in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have reported that up to 60% of individuals with schizophrenia and 68% of those with bipolar disorder are overweight/obese. This paper explores the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as a function of obesity status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and eleven participants were recruited from four psychiatric programs (outpatient, day treatment, case management, and psychosocial rehabilitation). HRQOL was assessed using both a general measure (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-36 (SF-36)) and a weight-related measure (Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite)). To interpret HRQOL scores obtained by the obese group, we compared scores to those obtained by reference groups from the weight-loss literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three percent of participants with schizophrenia and 68% of those with bipolar disorder were obese. Obese participants were more likely to be women, on mood stabilizers, taking a greater number of psychiatric medications, and to have poorer weight-related and general HRQOL. Weight-related HRQOL in the obese psychiatric sample was more impaired than in outpatient and day treatment samples seeking weight loss but less impaired than in gastric-bypass patients. Several of the physical domains of general HRQOL were more impaired for the obese psychiatric sample than for the outpatient weight-loss sample. However, physical functioning was less impaired for the obese psychiatric sample than for gastric-bypass patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of obesity among individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is associated with decreased HRQOL. These results have implications for prevention and management of weight gain in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Quality of Life Consulting, Durham, North Carolina, USA. rkolotkin@qualityoflifeconsulting.com
authors.forename: Ronette L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kolotkin
authors.forename: Patricia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Corey-Lisle
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: Jodi M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Tuomari
authors.forename: Gilbert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: L'italien
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015431:Weight Loss