title: Anthrose biosynthetic operon of Bacillus anthracis.
abstract: The exosporium of Bacillus anthracis spores consists of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is composed primarily of the glycoprotein BclA, which contains a collagen-like region with multiple copies of a pentasaccharide side chain. This oligosaccharide possesses an unusual terminal sugar called anthrose, followed by three rhamnose residues and a protein-bound N-acetylgalactosamine. Based on the structure of anthrose, we proposed an enzymatic pathway for its biosynthesis. Examination of the B. anthracis genome revealed six contiguous genes that could encode the predicted anthrose biosynthetic enzymes. These genes are transcribed in the same direction and appear to form two operons. We introduced mutations into the B. anthracis chromosome that either delete the promoter of the putative upstream, four-gene operon or delete selected genes in both putative operons. Spores produced by strains carrying mutations in the upstream operon completely lacked or contained much less anthrose, indicating that this operon is required for anthrose biosynthesis. In contrast, inactivation of the downstream, two-gene operon did not alter anthrose content. Additional experiments confirmed the organization of the anthrose operon and indicated that it is transcribed from a sigma(E)-specific promoter. Finally, we demonstrated that anthrose biosynthesis is not restricted to B. anthracis as previously suggested.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, 1530 3rd Ave. S, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Sylvia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Olga N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Chesnokova
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Turnbough
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pritchard
mesh_terms: D000606:Amino Sugars / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009876:Operon; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C504007:4,6-dideoxy-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanamido)-2-O-methylglucopyranose; D000606:Amino Sugars; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose