title: Adiponectin and leptin in African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  African Americans (AAs) have less visceral and more subcutaneous fat than whites, thus the relationship of adiponectin and leptin to body fat and insulin sensitivity in AA may be different from that in whites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine non-diabetic AA (37 men and 32 women), aged 33 +/- 1 year participated. The percent fat was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume by computerized tomography (CT), and insulin sensitivity by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAT was greater in men (1,619 +/- 177 cm(3) vs. 1,022 +/- 149 cm(3); P = 0.01); women had a higher percentage of body fat (34.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 24.0 +/- 1.2; P < 0.0001), adiponectin (15.8 +/- 1.2 microg/ml vs. 10.4 +/- 0.8 microg/ml; P = 0.0004) and leptin (23.2 +/- 15.8 ng/ml vs. 9.2 +/- 7.2 ng/ml; P < 0.0001). SAT and HOMA did not differ because of the sex. Adiponectin negatively correlated with VAT (r = -0.41, P < 0.05) in men, and with VAT (r = -0.55, P < 0.01), and SAT (r = -0.35, P < 0.05) in women. Adiponectin negatively correlated with HOMA in men (r = -0.38, P < 0.05) and women (r = -0.44, P < 0.05). In multiple regression, sex (P = 0.02), HOMA (P = 0.03) and VAT (P = 0.003) were significant predictors of adiponectin (adj R (2) = 0.38, P < 0.0001). Leptin positively correlated with VAT, SAT, percent fat and HOMA in men (r = 0.79, r = 0.86, r = 0.89, and r = 0.53; P < 0.001) and women (r = 0.62, r = 0.75, r = 0.83, and r = 0.55; P < 0.01). In multiple regression VAT (P = 0.04), percent body fat (P < 0.0001) and sex (P = 0.01), but not HOMA were significant predictors of serum leptin (adj R (2)= 0.82, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship of adiponectin and leptin to body fat content and distribution in AA is dependent on sex. Although VAT and insulin sensitivity are significant determinants of adiponectin, VAT and percent body fat determine leptin.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. rconsidi@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Considine
authors.forename: Ahalya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Nancy G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Sebring
authors.forename: Madia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricks
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sumner
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin