title: A novel ATM-dependent pathway regulates protein phosphatase 1 in response to DNA damage.
abstract: Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a major protein phosphatase important for a variety of cellular responses, is activated in response to ionizing irradiation (IR)-induced DNA damage. Here, we report that IR induces the rapid dissociation of PP1 from its regulatory subunit inhibitor-2 (I-2) and that the process requires ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a protein kinase central to DNA damage responses. In response to IR, ATM phosphorylates I-2 on serine 43, leading to the dissociation of the PP1-I-2 complex and the activation of PP1. Furthermore, ATM-mediated I-2 phosphorylation results in the inhibition of the Aurora-B kinase, the down-regulation of histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation, and the activation of the G(2)/M checkpoint. Collectively, the results of these studies demonstrate a novel pathway that links ATM, PP1, and I-2 in the cellular response to DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, 2000 9th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Zhou-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kastan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1