title: Varieties of uncertainty monitoring.
abstract: Three types or levels of uncertainty monitoring are distinguished: (1) uncertainty responding but no feelings of uncertainty, (2) conscious feelings of uncertainty, (3) conscious feelings of uncertainty plus reflective awareness of what these feelings are and mean. It is hypothesized that only the first and perhaps the second occur in animals and human infants, whereas all three occur in older humans. Two possible lines of future research are also suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305-2130 flavell@psych.stanford.edu.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Flavell