title: Differences and significance of motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin in blood and gallbladder tissues of patients with gallstones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The disorders of gallbladder motility may play an important role in the formation of gallstones. Many neural and hormonal factors and their interactions regulate gallbladder motility and bile flow into the duodenum. Further study in these factors may help to reveal the etiology of gallbladder diseases. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship of the levels of motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and gastrin in blood and gallbladder tissues with the formation of cholelithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of motilin, gastrin and VIP in blood and gallbladder tissues of 36 patients with gallbladder stones, 14 patients with gallbladder polyps, 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with common bile duct stones were measured by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of motilin in plasma and gallbladder tissues of the gallbladder stone group was higher than that of the control and gallbladder polyp groups (P<0.05). The levels of plasma VIP and serum gastrin were much higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.01). The level of VIP in gallbladder tissues was higher than that of the control and gallbladder polyp groups (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormal excretion of hormonal factors is closely related to gallstone formation. The high level of VIP in gallbladder tissues may be an important cause of gallbladder hypomotility. The abnormal level of serum gastrin may be related to the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with gallstones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China. zhangzhenhai410@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhen-Hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuo-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jun-Zhe
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li-Kui
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000378:metabolism*; D042882:Gallstones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009037:Motilin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011127:Polyps / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D009037:Motilin