title: Functional imaging: CT and MRI.
abstract: Numerous imaging techniques permit evaluation of regional pulmonary function. Contrast-enhanced CT methods now allow assessment of vasculature and lung perfusion. Techniques using spirometric controlled multi-detector row CT allow for quantification of presence and distribution of parenchymal and airway pathology; xenon gas can be employed to assess regional ventilation of the lungs, and rapid bolus injections of iodinated contrast agent can provide a quantitative measure of regional parenchymal perfusion. Advances in MRI of the lung include gadolinium-enhanced perfusion imaging and hyperpolarized gas imaging, which allow functional assessment, including ventilation/perfusion, microscopic air space measurements, and gas flow and transport dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, C-751 GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242-1077, USA. edwin-vanbeek@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Edwin J R
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Beek
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*