title: Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by xanthanolides isolated from Xanthium strumarium.
abstract: Three sesquiterpenoids, xanthatin (1), xanthinosin (2), and 4-oxo-bedfordia acid (3) were isolated from Xanthium strumarium as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis in activated microglia (IC(50) values: 0.47, 11.2, 136.5 microM, respectively). Compounds 1 and 2 suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and the activity of NF-kappaB through the inhibition of LPS-induced I-kappaB-alpha degradation in microglia.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, 52 Hyochangwon-Gil, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hyo Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hwa Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Doo
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Raok
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jae-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007783:Lactones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031210:Xanthium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C529345:4-oxo-bedfordia acid; D005663:Furans; D007783:Lactones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C527331:xanthinosin; C022186:xanthatin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase