title: A comparison of post-thaw results between embryos arising from intracytoplasmic sperm injection using surgically retrieved or ejaculated spermatozoa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of freeze-thaw on embryos derived from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using surgically retrieved and ejaculated spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private IVF center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred eighty-three patients undergoing frozen-thawed ET cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) were the sperm surgical retrieval methods used for ICSI. Embryos resulting from ICSI using surgically retrieved and ejaculated spermatozoa were frozen, thawed, and transferred.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-thaw survival, implantation, and pregnancy rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the ejaculated sperm and TESA/PESA groups in terms of post-thaw survival rate (68.4% vs. 66.1%, respectively), pregnancy rate (20.1% vs. 16.1%), and implantation rate (10.6% vs. 12.7%). Similar results were found for those variables when comparing TESA and PESA groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleavage embryos arising from ICSI cycles using testicular and epididymal spermatozoa can be frozen with survival, pregnancy, and implantation rates comparable to those obtained with ejaculated spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Fertility-Assisted Fertilization Center, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cássia Savio Figueira
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madaschi
authors.forename: Marcílio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nichi
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Fábio Firmbach
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Pasqualotto
authors.forename: Assumpto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iaconelli
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004542:Ejaculation; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D016896:Treatment Outcome