title: Intraoperative angiography through the occipital artery and muscular branch of the vertebral artery: technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative cerebral angiography has been known as a useful tool for diagnosing neurovascular diseases. There are few reports of intraoperative angiography in the prone position. Intraoperative angiograms through the occipital artery and muscular branch of the vertebral artery have not also previously been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occipital artery or muscular branch of the vertebral artery was used for the intraoperative cerebral angiography. With retrograde catheterization of these arteries, the contrast medium (5 to 10 mL) was manually injected by a surgeon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate angiograms were obtained with this method. No complications occurred with this procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative angiography through these arteries is useful, with good efficacy and safety, for a patient in the prone position.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan. thoriuchi-nsu@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Junpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hongo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000098:blood supply*; D016684:Prone Position; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014711:Vertebral Artery