title: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in neuro-oncology: hopes and disappointments.
abstract: Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment made over the past two decades, high-grade gliomas are still incurable neoplasms. Moreover, after failing adjuvant therapy, few active treatments are available. In this setting, novel agents, such as new chemotherapy compounds and anticancer agents against specific molecular targets, have therefore been investigated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an intriguing target in high-grade gliomas because it is frequently overexpressed due to amplification of the EGFR gene. Gefitinib and erlotinib act as ATP mimetic agents, binding to the cytoplasmic ATP pocket domain and blocking receptor phosphorylations and, thereby, EGFR-mediated activation of downstream pathways. These drugs have been evaluated in several clinical trials treating recurrent high-grade gliomas with contrasting results. Retrospective correlative analyses generated a plethora of putative predictive factors of activity of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The first generations of studies on EGFR inhibitors have not found significant activity of these agents in high-grade gliomas. Furthermore, no clear molecular or clinical predictors have been identified. As with other targeted agents, prospective trials using specific criteria and standardized methods to evaluate tissue biomarkers are required to find predictors of EGFR inhibitors activity in high-grade glioma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy. aabrandes@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Alba A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brandes
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosoni
authors.forename: Monika E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hegi
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stupp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors