title: Hemodynamic effects of local anesthetics intoxication: experimental study in swine with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the hemodynamic repercussions following a toxic dose of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine intravascularly injected in swines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Large White pigs were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with invasive pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization (Swan-Ganz catheter). After a 30-minute resting period, the animals were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blinded fashion and received a bolus injection of 4 mg/kg of either agent for intoxication. Hemodynamic results were then evaluated at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levobupivacaine had greater hemodynamic repercussions than racemic bupivacaine. These results disagree with those found when the levorotatory isomer of bupivacaine was used in humans, but are in agreement with recently reported findings in animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levobupivacaine was shown to be more toxic in pigs than racemic bupivacaine when large doses are injected intravenously.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Anesthesia, Center for Experimental Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. audelsmann@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Udelsmann
authors.forename: Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo de Sá
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lorena
authors.forename: Samira Ubaid
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Girioli
authors.forename: William Adalberto
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana Cristina de
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Nelson Adami
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Andreollo
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine