title: Porosity dependence of electron percolation in nanoporous TiO2 layers.
abstract: The electron diffusion coefficient at varying porosity has been determined in a series of nanostructured TiO(2) films of different initial thicknesses. The porosity was changed by applying different pressures prior to sintering, thereby modifying the internal morphology of the films though not their chemical and surface conditions. A systematic increase of the effective diffusion coefficient was observed as the porosity was decreased, indicating the improvement of the internal connectivity of the network of nanoparticles. The experimental results have been rationalized using percolation theory. First of all, applying a power law dependence, the diffusion coefficient as a function of porosity from different films collapsed in a single master curve. In addition, application of the models of effective medium approximation (EMA) allows us to compare the experimental results with previous data from Monte Carlo simulation. The different data show a similar dependence in agreement with the EMA predictions, indicating that the geometrical effect of electron transport due to variation of porous morphology in TiO(2) nanoparticulate networks is well described by the percolation concept.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Nano-Energy Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
authors.forename: Ashi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ofir
authors.forename: Snir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dor
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grinis
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaban
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dittrich
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bisquert
mesh_terms: D004583:Electrons; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium