title: Validity and reliability of a self-efficacy expectancy scale for adherence to antiretroviral therapy for parents and carers of children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate and evaluate the reproducibility of a self-efficacy (SE) scale for adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, taking into account the perspective of parents/guardians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out at the Hospital-Dia, Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS (CRT/SP), in São Paulo, Brazil. The parents/guardians of 54 children and adolescents aged 6 months to 20 years were interviewed during routine consultations at our service. Data on SE were collected using the Self-Efficacy for Following Anti-Retroviral Prescription Scale, and SE scores were calculated in two different ways: factor analysis and a predefined formula. The scale's internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was tested by comparing the mean scores of a group of patients who did adhere to antiretroviral treatment with those of a group that did not (Mann-Whitney test) and by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient for agreement between scores and clinical parameters. Reproducibility was verified using the Wilcoxon test, intraclass correlation coefficients (r(icc)) and Bland-Altman plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SE scale demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha = 0.87) and good reproducibility (r(icc) = 0.69 and r(icc) = 0.75). In terms of validity, the SE scale was capable of differentiating adherent patients from those who did not adhere to their antiretroviral treatment (p = 0.002) and exhibited a significant correlation with CD4 counts (r = 0.28; p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SE scale can be used to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, taking into account the perspective of parents/carers.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Scarlazzari
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira
authors.initials: Mdo R
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.forename: Mariliza Henrique da
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Daniela Vinhas
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: Daisy Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Sidnei Rana
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: Heloísa Helena de Sousa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents