title: Beneficial effect of resin salve in treatment of severe pressure ulcers: a prospective, randomized and controlled multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resin salve of the Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been used in folk medicine to heal wounds and infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study its clinical effectiveness in the treatment of pressure ulcers of the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled multicentre trial involving 37 patients with grade II-IV pressure ulcers in 11 primary care hospitals was carried out between 2005 and 2007. The ulcers were randomly allocated to receive either resin salve or sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrocolloid polymer treatment. The inclusion criterion was grade II-IV pressure ulcer. Exclusion criteria were a life expectancy of less than 6 months or a malignant disease. The primary outcome measure was complete healing of the ulcer within 6 months. Secondary outcome measures were partial healing of the ulcer, and successful eradication of bacterial strains cultured from the ulcers at study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients of the resin group and nine patients of the control group completed the 6-month trial. All ulcers healed in 12 of the 13 patients (92%) in the resin group and in four of the nine patients (44%) in the control group (P=0.003; power 73%). Complete healing of the ulcers over time was significantly more common in the resin group than in the control group (P=0.013). Bacterial cultures from the ulcer area more often became negative within 1 month in the resin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional resin salve is significantly more effective in the treatment of infected and noninfected severe pressure ulcers than cellulose polymer gauzes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, 18120 Heinola, Finland. arno.sipponen@repolar.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sipponen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sipponen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028222:Picea; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012116:Resins, Plant