title: Induction of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (Alox15) in intestine of iron-deficient rats correlates with the production of biologically active lipid mediators.
abstract: To identify novel genes associated with iron metabolism, we performed gene chip studies in two models of iron deficiency: iron-deprived rats and rats deficient in the principal intestinal iron transporter, divalent metal transporter 1 (i.e., Belgrade rats). Affymetrix rat genome gene chips were utilized (RAE230) with cRNA samples derived from duodenum and jejunum of experimental and control animals. Computational analysis and statistical data reduction identified 29 candidate genes, which were induced in both models of iron deficiency. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment for genes related to lipid homeostasis, and one gene related to this physiological process, a leukocyte type, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (Alox15), was selected for further examination. TaqMan real-time PCR studies demonstrated strong induction of Alox15 throughout the small and large intestine, and in the liver of iron-deficient rats. Polyclonal antibodies were developed and utilized to demonstrate that proteins levels are significantly increased in the intestinal epithelium of iron-deprived rats. HPLC analysis revealed altered intestinal lipid metabolism indicative of Alox15 activity, which resulted in the production of biologically active lipid molecules (12-HETE, 13-HODE, and 13-HOTE). The overall effect is a perturbation of intestinal lipid homeostasis, which results in the production of lipids essentially absent in the intestine of control rats. We have thus provided mechanistic insight into the alteration in lipid metabolism that occurs during iron deficiency, in that induction of Alox15 mRNA expression may be the primary event. The resulting lipid mediators may be related to documented alterations in villus structure and cell proliferation rates in iron deficiency, or to structural alterations in membrane lipid composition.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, G10 Farber Hall, 3435 Main St., Univ. at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. jfc8@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Zihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Garrick
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Garrick
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D019189:Iron Metabolism Disorders / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D019377:12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2; C024348:13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid