title: Prostaglandin E1 inhibits IL-6-induced MCP-1 expression by interfering specifically in IL-6-dependent ERK1/2, but not STAT3, activation.
abstract: IL (interleukin)-6 exerts pro- as well as anti-inflammatory activities. Beside many other activities, IL-6 is the major inducer of acute phase proteins in the liver, acts as a differentiation factor for blood cells, as migration factor for T-cells and is a potent inducer of the chemokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Recent studies have focused on the negative regulation of IL-6 signal transduction through the IL-6-induced feedback inhibitors SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) 1 and SOCS3 or the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) and TcPTP (T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase). Studies on the cross-talk between pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1, tumour necrosis factor, lipopolysaccharide) and IL-6 elucidated further regulatory mechanisms. Less is known about the regulation of IL-6 signal transduction by hormone/cytokine signalling through G-protein-coupled receptors. This is particularly surprising since many of these hormones (such as prostaglandins and chemokines) play an important role in inflammatory processes. In the present study, we have investigated the inhibitory activity of PGE(1) (prostaglandin E(1)) on IL-6-induced MCP-1 expression and have elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Surprisingly, PGE(1) does not affect IL-6-induced STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3 activation, but does affect ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 activation which is crucial for IL-6-dependent expression of MCP-1. In summary, we have discovered a specific cross-talk between the adenylate cyclase cascade and the IL-6-induced MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade and have investigated its impact on IL-6-dependent gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Radoslaw M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Sobota
authors.forename: Pia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaper
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000187:drug effects; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; C116122:RAPGEF3 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D000527:Alprostadil