title: Development of a novel system for isolating genes involved in predator-prey interactions using host independent derivatives of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative bacterium that preys upon other gram-negative bacteria. Although the life cycle of Bdellovibrio has been extensively investigated, very little is known about the mechanisms involved in predation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Host-Independent (HI) mutants of B. bacteriovorus were isolated from wild-type strain 109J. Predation assays confirmed that the selected HI mutants retained their ability to prey on host cells grown planktonically and in a biofilm. A mariner transposon library of B. bacteriovorus HI was constructed and HI mutants that were impaired in their ability to attack biofilms were isolated. Transposon insertion sites were determined using arbitrary polymerase chain reaction. Ten HI transposon mutants mapped to genes predicted to be involved in mechanisms previously implicated in predation (flagella, pili and chemotaxis) were further examined for their ability to reduce biofilms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we describe a new method for isolating genes that are required for Bdellovibrio biofilm predation. Focusing on mechanisms that were previously attributed to be involved in predation, we demonstrate that motility systems are required for predation of bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, genes identified in this study suggest that surface gliding motility may also play a role in predation of biofilms consistent with Bdellovibrios occupying a biofilm niche. We believe that the methodology presented here will open the way for future studies on the mechanisms involved in Bdellovibrio host-prey interaction and a greater insight of the biology of this unique organism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA. medinaaa@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kadouri
mesh_terms: D001501:Bdellovibrio / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005407:Flagella / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008124:Locomotion; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009154:Mutation; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial