title: Triple immunosuppression with tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation: single-center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this single-center cohort, we retrospectively analyzed the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the medical records of 22 consecutive renal transplantation recipients (12 boys, 10 girls) receiving tacrolimus, to evaluate occurrence of acute rejection (AR) episodes, glomerular filtration rates (GFR), and side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean recipient age was 15.07 +/- 3.96 years. Seven grafts came from cadaveric, and 15 from living related donors. The patients were placed on immunosuppression with prednisolone and tacrolimus plus azathioprine (n = 8) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (n = 12) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (n = 2). Eighteen patients received basiliximab on days 0 and 4. There were three AR episodes at 5, 9, and 12 months. Mean GFR at the end of 1 and 2 years were 97.1 +/- 24.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 116.9 +/- 42.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2), respectively. There was no graft loss. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia were present in 14 (63.6%), 3 (13.6%), and 3 (13.6%) patients, respectively, without gingival hyperplasia, tremor, or hypertrichosis. Supraventricular tachycardia was noticed in five patients (22.7%), three of whom needed antiarrhythmic drugs (13.6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our single-center experience with tacrolimus, steroid plus azathioprine or MMF or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium regimen in pediatric kidney recipients showed a low rate of AR with excellent graft survival and function at 1 and 2 year posttransplantation. The increased rate of supraventricular tachycardia in this regimen had not been previously reported; this association merits further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. aduzova@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duzova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakkaloglu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Besbas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Topaloglu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozaltin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bilginer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demirkaya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakkaloglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011239:Prednisolone; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus