title: Effects of early protein malnutrition and scopolamine on learning and memory in the Morris water maze.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of early protein malnutrition on the spatial learning and memory processes. The consequences of malnutrition for the cholinergic system were evaluated by comparing the performance of malnourished and control animals in the Morris water maze after treatment with scopolamine. The learning test consisted of placing the animal in the maze to escape to a submerged platform with 12 trials per day for two consecutive days. After 24 trials, the platform was removed, the rats were placed in the maze and the time spent by them in each quadrant was recorded. After 28 days the animals were tested in a single trial to verify the retention of the spatial information. In the first Experiment, scopolamine (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg per ml. i.p.) was administered 20 min before the experimental sessions. In the second experiment, a dose of 0.6 mg/kg was administered after the sessions, during the period in which learning consolidation occurs. In the first experiment, there was a significant effect of the drug, with scopolamine impairing, learning in both nutritional conditions. In the saline condition, control animals presented a better performance when compared with malnourished animals. However, 28 days later, both groups increased their latencies. With 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg of scopolamine, the performance of both nutritional groups was similar and with 0.6 mg/kg malnourished animals performed better than controls. In the second experiment, malnourished animals were also less reactive to the effects of scopolamine, resulting in lower impairments as compared to control animals. These data suggest long-term changes in learning and memory as the result of changes produced by protein malnutrition in the cholinergic neurotransmitter system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Behavior, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: M T H
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Françolin-Silva
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hernandes
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Valadares
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012601:Scopolamine