title: Sledding injuries: is safety in this winter pastime overlooked? A three-year survey in South-Tyrol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sledding is a popular traditional pastime in northern countries. However it is only rarely thought as a potentially dangerous activity even though serious injuries and deaths do occur. The purpose of this study was to calculate the incidence, the severity and the pattern of sledding-related injuries in our area, in order to set up possible preventive measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three consecutive winter seasons (Dec.-Apr.,2002-2005). 356 patients (182 males, 174 females, mean age 26.9 years, range 2 to 81) were referred directly to our ED after a sledding injury. One patient (male, age 21 years) was transferred from a community hospital and died on the following day. Two patients (males, age 47 and 28 years) were declared dead on the scene. In the majority of the cases the accident was due to a fall and collision with the ground or a standing object. The number of injuries showed a progressive increase during the observed seasons and all deadly accidents were observed in the last season. Injuries were divided into three severity classes: minor (ISS </= 3), intermediate (ISS >/= 4 < 15), severe (ISS >/= 15). Minor and intermediate injuries were equally distributed between males and females, whereas all severe and deadly accidents occurred to male patients. Time of accident and place of accident did not affect the injury severity. A total of 386 lesions were detected. The most common diagnosis was head trauma (14,5%), followed by knee sprain (13%), ankle sprain (11.5%), and ankle/leg fracture (9%). 41 patients required hospital admission. The mean hospital length of stay was 3.9 days and 16 patients required surgery. The most common diagnosis on admission was lower limb fracture (13 patients) and head trauma (13 patients). The percentage of pediatric injuries was much lower than that reported in other studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sledding is rarely thought of as a potentially dangerous activity, but it can result in serious injury. Better public awareness of the risks of sledding injuries is required and preventive measures like the use of helmet, soft-side protections on the tracks, regular checks of the track conditions and good lightning for night sledding should be enforced.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, Regional Hospital, Bolzano-Bozen, South-Tyrol, Italy. stefano.corra@asbz.it.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corra
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Giorgi