title: Progesterone prevents traumatic brain injury-induced intestinal nuclear factor kappa B activation and proinflammatory cytokines expression in male rats.
abstract: We have previously shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce an upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and proinflammatory cytokines in the gut, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute gut mucosal injury mediated by inflammation. In this work, we investigated whether progesterone administration modulated intestinal NF-kappaB activity and proinflammatory cytokines expression after TBI in male rats. As a result, we found that administration of progesterone following TBI could decrease NF-kappaB binding activity, NF-kappaB p65 protein expression, and concentrations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the gut. TBI-induced damages of gut structure were ameliorated after progesterone injections. The results of the present study suggest that the therapeutic benefit of post-TBI progesterone injections might be due to its inhibitory effects on intestinal NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory cytokines expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210002, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jinxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D011372:Progestins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D011374:Progesterone