title: The role of host genetics in the susceptibility for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
abstract: Despite progress in the treatment of the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there continues to be a high prevalence of infected individuals who develop neurocognitive deficits and disorders. Our understanding of the potential cause of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continues to develop on many fronts. Among them is the study of host genetics. Here, we review the most current information regarding the association between host genetics and risk for HIV infection, AIDS, and HAND. We focus on the role of dopamine dysfunction in the etiology of HAND, and propose a number of genetic polymorphisms within genes related to dopaminergic functioning and other neurobiological factors that may confer vulnerability or protection against HAND.
authors.affiliation: National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles - David Geffen School of Medicine, 11645 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 770, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA. ajlevine@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Elyse J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shapshak
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; C497928:PPP1R1B protein, human; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; C493214:SLC6A3 protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase