title: Effect of blood donation on well-being of blood donors.
abstract: The demand for blood products steadily increases. Concurrently, blood donor recruitment becomes more and more difficult. This study aimed to investigate effects of blood donation on blood donors, which could be helpful for blood donor recruitment and retention. In addition to cortisol measurements in saliva, three questionnaires quantifying mood (good/bad), vigilance (awake/tired), agitation (calm/nervous), actual strain and asking for donation-related effects perceived were distributed to 110 whole blood donors (DON). Results obtained were compared with 109 control subjects (CON) lacking the blood donation experience. Overall, 216 subjects completed the questionnaires. Sixty-eight percent of DON reported at least one effect perceived with blood donation. Exclusively, positive, negative or mixed effects were described by 26.5%, 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively. Among positive effects (i.e. physical/psychological well-being, feeling satisfied, happy, proud), no significant differences were observed between males and females (P = 0.07), whereas mixed or negative effects (i.e. vertigo, dizziness, tiredness, pain) were significantly (P = 0.03; P = 0.049) more associated with females. DON showed higher levels of well-being than CON as indicated by better mood (P = 0.004), higher vigilance (P = 0.015) and relaxation (P = 0.003). The latter even increased after donation with maximum values after 15 and 30 min. Despite significantly higher initial strain scores (P = 0.008), first-time donors maintained a better mood (P = 0.025) than repeat donors. DON showed a statistically better psychological well-being than CON, although the donation experience was perceived as stressful, especially for first-time donors. The results may facilitate donor recruitment and retention as blood donation may become less frightening and perhaps even attractive.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Department and Chair for Surgical Research, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinrichs
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Picker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lefering
authors.forename: E A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gathof
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D001143:Arousal; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003348:Cortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003348:Cortisone