title: Preventing contamination between injections with multiple-use nozzle needle-free injectors: a safety trial.
abstract: Multiple-use nozzle jet injectors (MUNJIs), a type of needle-free injector, use a high-pressure stream to penetrate skin and deliver medicament. Concerns for their potential to transmit blood borne pathogens led to development of a hybrid MUNJI for use in mass immunizations. The HSI-500, referred to here as a protector cap needle-free injector (PCNFI), utilizes a disposable cap as a shield between the reusable injector nozzle and the skin to reduce the risk of contamination. This study aimed to determine the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) contamination in post-injection ("next person") samples immediately following injection in HBV-carrier adults. Tolerability and pain were also assessed. The study ended early because the PCNFI failed to prevent contamination in the first batch tested (8.2% failure rate). The injections were very well tolerated, with most followed by no bleeding (81.2%) or mild bleeding (7.8%). 55.2% of participants experienced no pain while 42.3% experienced mild pain following injection.
authors.affiliation: PATH, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107, USA. kkelly@path.org
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loskutov
authors.forename: Darin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zehrung
authors.forename: Kapaakea
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puaa
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: LaBarre
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guiqiang
authors.forename: Hui-Guo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Darong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Blackwelder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007277:Injections, Jet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013242:Sterilization; D016896:Treatment Outcome