title: Use of itaconic acid-based polymers for solid-phase extraction of deoxynivalenol and application to pasta analysis.
abstract: Molecular modelling and computational design were used to identify itaconic acid (IA) as a functional monomer with high affinity towards deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium-toxin frequently occurring in cereals. IA-based polymers were photochemically synthesised in dimethyl formamide (porogen) using ethylenglycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker and 1,1'-azo-bis(cyclohexane carbonitrile) as initiator, and the relevant binding interactions with DON in solvents with different polarity were investigated. The performances of the non-imprinted IA-based polymer (blank polymer, BP) and the corresponding molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) were compared using DON as a template. Both BP and MIP were able to bind about 90% DON either in toluene, water or water containing 5% polyethylene glycol. Non-imprinted polymers with different molar ratios of IA to cross-linker were evaluated as adsorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up and pre-concentration of DON from wheat and pasta samples prior to HPLC analysis. Samples were extracted with PBS/0.1M EDTA solution and cleaned up through a cartridge containing blank IA-based polymer. The column was washed with PBS (pH 9.2) and the toxin was eluted with methanol and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detector (lambda=220nm), using methanol:water:acetic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Effective removal of matrix interferences was observed only for pasta with DON recoveries higher than 70% (RSD<7%, n=3) at levels close to or higher than EU regulatory limit.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy. michelangelo.pascale@ispa.cnr.it
authors.forename: Michelangelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascale
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Girolamo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Visconti
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Magan
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chianella
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Piletska
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Piletsky
mesh_terms: D005502:Food; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013386:Succinates / Q000737:chemistry*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D013386:Succinates; D014255:Trichothecenes; D014867:Water; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C005229:itaconic acid