title: Molecular characterisation of SMARCB1 and NF2 in familial and sporadic schwannomatosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schwannomatosis is a rare condition characterised by multiple schwannomas and lack of involvement of the vestibular nerve. A recent report identified bi-allelic mutations in the SMARCB1/INI1 gene in a single family with schwannomatosis. We aimed to establish the contribution of the SMARCB1 and the NF2 genes to sporadic and familial schwannomatosis in our cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed DNA sequence and dosage analysis of SMARCB1 and NF2 in 28 sporadic cases and 15 families with schwannomatosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified germline mutations in SMARCB1 in 5 of 15 (33.3%) families with schwannomatosis and 2 of 28 (7.1%) individuals with sporadic schwannomatosis. In all individuals with a germline mutation in SMARCB1 in whom tumour tissue was available, we detected a second hit with loss of SMARCB1. In addition, in all affected individuals with SMARCB1 mutations and available tumour tissue, we detected bi-allelic somatic inactivation of the NF2 gene. SMARCB1 mutations were associated with a higher number of spinal tumours in patients with a positive family history (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the recent report where no NF2 mutations were identified in a schwannomatosis family with SMARCB1 mutations, in our cohort, a four hit model with mutations in both SMARCB1 and NF2 define a subset of patients with schwannomatosis.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Manchester and Regional Genetics Service, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hadfield
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colley
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: D G R
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009442:Neurilemmoma / Q000235:genetics*; D025581:Neurofibromin 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025581:Neurofibromin 2; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; C513266:SMARCB1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors