title: Different types of ganglion cell share a synaptic pattern.
abstract: Retinal ganglion cells comprise about 10 morphological types that also differ functionally. To determine whether functional differences might arise partially from differences in excitatory input, we quantified the distributions of ribbon contacts to four mammalian ganglion cell types [brisk-transient (BT), brisk-sustained (BS), local edge (LE), directionally selective (DS)], comparing small vs. large and "sluggish" vs. "brisk." Cells in guinea pig retina were filled with fluorescent dye, immunostained for synaptic ribbons, and reconstructed with their ribbon contacts by confocal microscopy. False-positive contacts were corrected by performing the same analysis on processes that lack synapses: glial stalks and rod bipolar axons. All types shared a domed distribution of membrane that was well fit by a Gaussian function (R(2) = 0.96 +/- 0.01); they also shared a constant density of contacts on the dendritic membrane, both across each arbor and across cell types (19 +/- 1 contacts/100 microm(2) membrane). However, the distributions of membrane across the retina differed markedly in width (BT > DS approximately BS > LE) and peak density (BS > DS > LE > BT). Correspondingly, types differed in peak density of contacts (BS > DS approximately LE > BT) and total number (BS approximately BT > DS > LE). These differences between cell types in spatial extent and local concentration of membrane and synapses help to explain certain functional differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Viren
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vasudeva
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sterling
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Freed
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D048430:Cell Shape; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007546:Isoquinolines; D016547:Kinesins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008954:Models, Biological; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007546:Isoquinolines; D014746:Vimentin; C017475:lucifer yellow; D016547:Kinesins