title: Isolated sentinel lymph node dissection with conservative management in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a prospective trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissections have a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for the detection of metastatic disease. The objective of this study was to examine the inguinal recurrence rate along with complication rates for patients undergoing inguinal SLN dissection alone for vulvar carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  An IRB approved prospective study enrolled patients with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Peritumoral injection of Tc-99 sulfur colloid and methylene blue dye was used to identify SLNs intraoperatively. Patients with SLNs negative for metastatic disease were followed clinically. Patients with metastasis detected in a SLN subsequently underwent a full groin node dissection followed by standard treatment protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients were enrolled onto study with 35 undergoing a SLN dissection. All SNL dissections were successful with a mean of 2 SLN obtained per groin. There were 24 patients with stage I disease, 8 stage II, 3 stage III and 1 stage IV. A total of 56 SLN dissections were performed with 4 patients found to have inguinal metastasis by SLN dissection. There were 31 patients with a total of 46 SLN dissections found to be negative for metastatic disease. The median follow-up has been 29 months (range 8 to 51) with 2 groin recurrences for a groin recurrence rate of 4.3% and a recurrence rate per patient of 6.4%. There have been no reports of groin breakdown, extremity cellulitis or lymphedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recurrence rate for patients undergoing inguinal sentinel node dissection alone is low. These patients did not experience any complications as seen with complete groin node dissections. Sentinel lymph node dissection should be considered as an option for evaluation of inguinal nodes for metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants' Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA. rmoore@wihri.org
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Katina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DiSilvestro
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinhoff
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brard
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Granai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002481:Cellulitis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology; D008751:Methylene Blue; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D013671:Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid; D008751:Methylene Blue