title: Trefoil factor 3 stimulates human and rodent pancreatic islet beta-cell replication with retention of function.
abstract: Both major forms of diabetes involve a decline in beta-cell mass, mediated by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in type 1 diabetes and by increased rates of apoptosis secondary to metabolic stress in type 2 diabetes. Methods for controlled expansion of beta-cell mass are currently not available but would have great potential utility for treatment of these diseases. In the current study, we demonstrate that overexpression of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in rat pancreatic islets results in a 4- to 5-fold increase in [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, with full retention of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This increase was almost exclusively due to stimulation of beta-cell replication, as demonstrated by studies of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and co-immunofluorescence analysis with anti-bromodeoxyuridine and antiinsulin or antiglucagon antibodies. The proliferative effect of TFF3 required the presence of serum or 0.5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor. The ability of TFF3 overexpression to stimulate proliferation of rat islets in serum was abolished by the addition of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist AG1478. Furthermore, TFF3-induced increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation in rat islets cultured in serum was blocked by overexpression of a dominant-negative Akt protein or treatment with triciribine, an Akt inhibitor. Finally, overexpression of TFF3 also caused a doubling of [3H]thymidine incorporation in human islets. In summary, our findings reveal a novel TFF3-mediated pathway for stimulation of beta-cell replication that could ultimately be exploited for expansion or preservation of islet beta-cell mass.
authors.affiliation: Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27704, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Fueger
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schisler
authors.forename: Danhong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Daniella A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Raghavendra G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Mirmira
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Newgard
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Hohmeier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C099037:TFF3 protein, rat; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D013936:Thymidine