Lack of flexibility in visual grouping in patients with schizophrenia.
The study attempted to distinguish automatic grouping processes from top-down processes in a visual perceptual task in 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 matched controls. Participants decided whether 7 figures were all different or whether 2 adjacent figures were identical. The distance between figures was manipulated to produce 3 separated pairs of figures, the targets belonging to either the same pair (within-group trials) or different pairs (between-groups trials). As controls, patients benefited from proximity for grouping. Top-down processes were explored by manipulating the proportion of within-group and between-groups trials in 3 experimental blocks. In patients, response times (RTs) decreased for within-group trials when within-group trials were more frequent, indicating that performance was correctly adapted to the type of block. Unlike controls, however, this RT decrease was not accompanied by a cost for between-groups trials. Ocular movement recordings revealed that controls were able to focus on between-groups regions selectively when between-groups trials were more frequent, whereas patients were unable to do so. The authors suggest that top-down processes allowing the construction of a selective representation of between-groups regions are impaired in patients with schizophrenia.
Giersch
Anne
A
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U666, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, Départment de Psychiatrie I, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, Cedex, France. giersch@alsace.u-strasbg.fr
Rhein
Virginie
V
D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*