title: Soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase associated with preeclampsia in pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Placental synthesis of soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) is responsible for the increased level of serum sFlt-1 in preeclampsia. sFlt-1 binds to the receptor-binding domain of placental growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), acting as an endogenous inhibitor of VEGF and PlGF signaling in endothelial cells. It has been hypothesized that increased circulating sFlt-1 contributes to the endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria of preeclampsia. We examined the association of sFlt-1 and preeclampsia in pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was performed using stored serum samples. Cases were SLE pregnancies with later preeclampsia and controls were SLE pregnancies without later preeclampsia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 52 SLE pregnancies occurred from 1998 to 2001. Nine (17%) pregnancies met the definition of preeclampsia and an additional 9 (17%) met the definition of superimposed preeclampsia. sFlt-1 concentration was significantly higher in SLE pregnancies with preeclampsia (1768 +/- 196 pg/ml) than in those without (1177 +/- 143 pg/ml) (p = 0.0185).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows for the first time that sFlt-1 is associated with preeclampsia in patients with SLE, as previously shown in the general pregnancy population. This suggests that SLE pregnancies at risk for preeclampsia can be identified early in the pregnancy by sFlt-1, thus identifying them for high-risk obstetric referral and appropriate monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S Ananth
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Karumanchi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1