title: Effects of levosimendan on left ventricular relaxation and early filling at maintained preload and afterload conditions after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We determined the effects of levosimendan, a calcium sensitizer, on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with LV hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this prospective, randomized, blinded study, 23 patients received either levosimendan (0.1 and 0.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); n=12) or placebo (n=11) after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. The effects on LV performance, dimensions, filling patterns, and isovolumic relaxation time, as well as systemic hemodynamics, were assessed by pulmonary artery thermodilution catheterization and transesophageal 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. To circumvent the confounding effects of the levosimendan-induced hemodynamic changes on Doppler echocardiographic indexes of LV early relaxation, heart rate and mean arterial and central venous pressures were kept constant during levosimendan/placebo infusion by atrial pacing, vasopressor, and colloid infusions. In the levosimendan group, dose-dependent increases in cardiac output (28%; P<0.001) and stroke volume (26%; P<0.001) and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (-22%; P<0.001) were observed. There was a trend for an increase in LV ejection fraction (12%; P=0.058) with levosimendan. There were no significant differences in systolic, diastolic arterial, or LV filling pressures or LV end-diastolic area between the 2 groups. Isovolumic relaxation time decreased (-23%; P<0.001), as did the deceleration slope of early diastolic filling (-45%; P<0.01), whereas peak early diastolic filling velocity (16%, P<0.01) and peak late diastolic filling velocity (15%; P<0.001) increased after levosimendan compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan, in addition to its inotropic effects, exerts a direct positive lusitropic effect in patients with LV hypertrophy as it shortens isovolumic relaxation time and improves LV filling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jörgensen
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bech-Hanssen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Houltz
authors.forename: Sven-Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ricksten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077464:Simendan; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan