title: Risk stratification in women enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE-EM).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been reported that the mortality risk for heart failure differs between men and women. It has been postulated that this is due to differences in comorbid features. Variation in risk profiles by gender may limit the performance of stratification algorithms available for heart failure in women. This analysis examined the ability of a published risk stratification model to predict outcomes in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE-EM) database was used. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for men and women were compared. The ADHERE registry classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used for the risk stratification evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 10,984 ADHERE-EM patients, 5,736 (52.2%) were women. In-hospital mortality was similar between men and women (p = 0.727). Significant differences (p < 0.0002) were noted by gender in all three variables in the CART model (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] > or = 43 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure < 115 mm Hg, and serum creatinine > or = 2.75 mg/dL). However, the CART model effectively stratified both genders into distinct risk groups with no significant difference in mortality by gender within stratified groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADHERE Registry CART tool is effective at predicting risk in ED patients, regardless of gender.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA. dbdiercks@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Deborah B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Diercks
authors.forename: Gregg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fonarow
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Emerman
authors.forename: Judd E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Jim Edward
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wynne
authors.forename: W Franklin
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Peacock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment