title: Sleep-stabilizing effects of E-6199, compared to zopiclone, zolpidem and THIP in mice.
abstract: Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor modulators constitute the majority of clinically used sedative-hypnotics. These compounds have the capacity to initiate and maintain sleep, but decrease REM sleep and delta activity within NREM sleep. In order to avoid such sleep adverse effects, the development of novel compounds remains of interest.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed at characterizing the acute effects of a novel putative hypnotic compound, E-6199, compared to zopiclone, zolpidem, and THIP on sleep-wakefulness patterns in mice. We also investigated whether repeated administration (daily injection during 10 days) of E-6199 was associated with tolerance and sleep disturbances at cessation of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polygraphic recordings were performed during 8 h after acute treatment with the various compounds. Under such conditions, E-6199 (5-20 mg/kg i.p.), zopiclone and zolpidem (2-10 mg/kg i.p.), but not THIP (2-10 mg/kg i.p.), exerted a marked sleep-promoting effect. Furthermore, E-6199 specifically increased the duration of NREM and markedly improved sleep continuity by lengthening NREM sleep episodes and reducing short awakenings and microarousal frequency. It also intensified NREM sleep by enhancing the slow wave activity within NREM at wake-NREM transitions. These effects were sustained and became even larger during chronic administration. Finally, abrupt E-6199 withdrawal did not elicit negative sleep effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that E-6199 may be an effective hypnotic compound that promotes and improves NREMS, without producing EEG side effects, tolerance or withdrawal phenomena, when administered under chronic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, IFR 70 des Neurosciences, UMR S677, Paris, France. alexand@ext.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dordal
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aixendri
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamon
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adrien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007555:Isoxazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; C515050:zopiclone; D000077334:Zolpidem; C015542:gaboxadol