[Historical background data of Spanish community nutrition: the works of the National School of Health between 1930-36].
This study analyses the historical background data on Spanish community nutrition by means of the study of the first attempts toward institutionalization which took place in the Nutrition and Food Hygiene Division of the Spanish National Health School, restricting the search to the 1930-1936 period. In conjunction with the training of the public healthcare professional in the subjects related to nutrition and diet, a research program was carried out which took in three major areas of work. In order to be able to ascertain what the average regular diet of Spaniards and to serve as guidance for the preventive measures aimed at achieving a proper diet, consumption-related studies and surveys were conducted. A study was made of the chemical composition of Spanish foods for the purpose of determining the possible lacks. Lastly, the health problems entailed in a deficient diet in risk groups such as diabetics were analyzed. The results of the research revealed that the average diet of Spaniards, especially those of the working classes, was far from being able to be considered balanced from the nutritional point of view. The greatest problems lay in a deficit of animal proteins, as well as major lacks in mineral and vitamin intake. The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in July 1936 halted the institutionalization process being carried out. It was only in the 1960's, following the parenthesis of the first stage of the Franco era, that the health authorities once again took an interest in these diet-related problems.
Bernabeu-Mestre
Josep
J
Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Piblica e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. josep.bernabeu@ua.es
Esplugues Pellicer
Josep Xavier
JX
Galiana Sánchez
María Eugenia
ME
D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000266:history*; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history*; D012581:Schools, Public Health / Q000266:history*; D012923:Social Class; D013030:Spain