title: A gel probe equilibrium sampler for measuring arsenic porewater profiles and sorption gradients in sediments: II. Field application to Haiwee Reservoir sediment.
abstract: Arsenic (As) geochemistry and sorption behavior were measured in As- and iron (Fe)-rich sediments of Haiwee Reservoir by deploying undoped (clear) polyacrylamide gels and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)-doped gels in a gel probe equilibrium sampler, which is a novel technique for directly measuring the effects of porewater composition on As adsorption to Fe oxides phases in situ. Arsenic is deposited atthe sedimentsurface as As(V) and is reduced to As(III) in the upper layers of the sediment (0-8 cm), but the reduction of As(V) does not cause mobilization into the porewater. Dissolved As and Fe concentrations increased at depth in the sediment column driven by the reductive dissolution of amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxides and conversion to a mixed Fe(II, III) green rust-type phase. Adsorption of As and phosphorous (P) onto HFO-doped gels was inhibited at intermediate depths (10-20 cm), possibly due to dissolved organic or inorganic carbon, indicating that dissolved As concentrations were at least partially controlled by porewater composition rather than surface site availability. In sediments that had been recently exposed to air, the region of sorption inhibition was not observed, suggesting that prior exposure to air affected the extent of reductive dissolution, porewater chemistry, and As adsorption behavior. Arsenic adsorption onto the HFO-doped gels increased at depths >20 cm, and the extent of adsorption was most likely controlled by the competitive effects of dissolved phosphate. Sediment As adsorption capacity appeared to be controlled by changes in porewater composition and competitive effects at shallower depths, and by reductive dissolution and availability of sorption sites at greater burial depths.
authors.affiliation: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. kcampbell@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Root
authors.forename: Peggy A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: O'Day
authors.forename: Janet G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hering
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000327:Adsorption; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002140:California; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C016680:polyacrylamide gels; C000499:ferric oxide; D001151:Arsenic