title: Seasonal incidence and molecular characterization of Salmonella from dairy cows, calves, and farm environment.
abstract: The occurrence patterns and molecular characteristics of Salmonella are important for surveillance and control of the pathogens. Objectives of this study were to determine month-to-month variation and seasonal effects on the occurrence of Salmonella in dairy animals and environments and to characterize selected Salmonella isolates. A total of 7680 animal and environmental samples, collected monthly from a dairy farm, were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella during a 12-month study. Major sources of Salmonella on the dairy farm (% positive) were milking parlor air (62%) and bird droppings (63%) during winter; feeds (50-58%), water (53-67%), calf bedding (63%), soils (60-63%), milking parlor air (60%), and bird droppings (50%) in spring; all animal and environmental samples (40-92%) except milking parlor air (25%) and bulk tank milk (29%) in summer; and feeds (60-71%), cow beddings (59%), cow soils (50%), air (46-71%), and insects (63%) during fall. Salmonella ribotyping indicated that most serovars came from different sources but some might have originated from a common source and transmitted from site to site on the farm. These data provide some important information on key animal and environmental sampling sites needed to initiate on-farm management programs for control of this important foodborne pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Center of Excellence, Agricultural Experimental Station, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Philipus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pangloli
authors.forename: Yobouet
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dje
authors.forename: Omaima
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Doane
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Draughon
mesh_terms: D000391:Air Microbiology; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology*; D021521:Ribotyping; D012307:Risk Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012621:Seasons; D012988:Soil Microbiology