title: Assessment of risk of insect-resistant transgenic crops to nontarget arthropods.
abstract: An international initiative is developing a scientifically rigorous approach to evaluate the potential risks to nontarget arthropods (NTAs) posed by insect-resistant, genetically modified (IRGM) crops. It adapts the tiered approach to risk assessment that is used internationally within regulatory toxicology and environmental sciences. The approach focuses on the formulation and testing of clearly stated risk hypotheses, making maximum use of available data and using formal decision guidelines to progress between testing stages (or tiers). It is intended to provide guidance to regulatory agencies that are currently developing their own NTA risk assessment guidelines for IRGM crops and to help harmonize regulatory requirements between different countries and different regions of the world.
authors.affiliation: Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland. joerg.romeis@art.admin.ch
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Romeis
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bigler
authors.forename: Marco P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Candolfi
authors.forename: Marco M C
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gielkens
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Huesing
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quemada
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raybould
authors.forename: Robyn I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiemann
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: Zigfridas
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vaituzis
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wolt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000469:parasitology / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins