title: Identification and geographic distribution of the ACE-1R mutation in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in south-western Burkina Faso, West Africa.
abstract: Resistance of Anopheles gambiae to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides was first reported in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. Subsequent studies revealed that it resulted from a single point mutation in the oxyanion hole of the acetycholinesterase enzyme (ace-1(R) mutation). We investigated the distribution and prevalence of the ace-1(R) mutation in An. gambiae s.l. populations from seven locations in south-western Burkina Faso. The ace-1(R) mutation was found in both M and S molecular forms of An. gambiae s.s., but it was absent in An. arabiensis. Its frequency ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 in S form and 0.04 to 0.13 in M form, though they were sympatric. The lack of homozygous resistance indicated a strong genetic cost associated with the mutation. These data suggest that organophosphate and carbamate resistance conferred by target site insensitivity is spreading in populations of An. gambiae s.s. from West Africa.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherches Entomologiques de Cotonou (CREC), Cotonou, Benin. Luc.Djogbenou@ird.fr
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Djogbénou
authors.forename: Roch
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dabiré
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diabaté
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kengne
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akogbéto
authors.forename: Jean Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hougard
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chandre
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics*; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase