title: Renal transplantation after previous pediatric heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotoxicity related to calcineurin inhibitors is a known complication after pediatric heart transplantation. Subsequent renal transplantation can be undertaken in advanced cases. An understanding of this strategy is important as many centers are advocating various renal-sparing immunosuppressive regimens-potentially at the cost of increasing heart allograft rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the Organ Procurement Transplant Network database to determine the outcome for renal transplantation after pediatric heart transplantation between October 1987 and January 2007. Combined primary heart and kidney transplants were not included in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the period of study, 45 subjects underwent renal transplantation. The mean age at renal transplant was 19.7 +/- 6.1 years. Mean interval from primary heart transplantation to renal transplantation was 11.0 +/- 4.2 years. At time of renal transplantation, 35 subjects (78%) were receiving dialysis. The majority of subjects (54%) received a kidney from a deceased donor. Mean 1- and 5-year survival after renal transplantation was 91% at both time-points. This survival rate was not significantly different from that of a matched cohort of pediatric heart transplant recipients who did not require renal transplantation (hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 1.35, p = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermediate-term survival for patients who undergo renal transplantation after previous pediatric heart transplantation is favorable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mahle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000401:mortality*; D006085:Graft Survival; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome