title: Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in Chinese adults.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and risk factors were studied in a nationally representative sample of 169,871 Chinese men and women aged 40 years or older. Baseline data were collected in 1991 by using a standard protocol, and a follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999-2000, with a response rate of 93.4%. Age-standardized mortality (per 100,000 person-years) was 179.9 for men and 141.3 for women. After adjustment for important covariables, the respective relative risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality for baseline risk factors in men and women were 2.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.64, 2.98) and 2.71 (95% CI: 2.53, 2.89) for each 10-year increase in age, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.95) and 1.44 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.95) for alcohol consumption, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.35) and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.15) for >/=20 pack-years of smoking, 2.37 (95% CI: 1.91, 2.94) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.66, 3.67) for non-high-school graduation, 1.57 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.79) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.56) for physical inactivity, 2.66 (95% CI: 2.34, 3.02) and 2.60 (95% CI: 2.25, 3.00) for underweight, 1.39 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.57) and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.00) for living in northern China, and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.86, 2.46) and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.55, 2.07) for living in rural China. This study indicated that cigarette smoking, low educational level, physical inactivity, and underweight are important modifiable risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related mortality in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xigui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chung-Shiuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tanika N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bazzano
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D013851:Thinness; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data