title: Combined liver-kidney transplantation and follow-up in primary hyperoxaluria treatment: report of three cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary hyperoxaluria type-1 (PH1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by impaired activity of the hepatic peroxisomal alanine-glyoxilate aminotransferase, which leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and requires combined liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT). Herein, we have reported 3 children diagnosed with PH1 who received CLKT. CASE 1: A 4.5-year-old boy with an elder brother diagnosed with PH1 was diagnosed during family screening when the sonography showed multiple calculi. Within 5 years he experienced flank pain, hematuria attacks, and anuric phases due to obstruction and received hemodialysis (HD) when ESRD appeared. CLKT was performed from his full-match sister at the age of 9.5. He is doing well at 5.5 years. CASE 2: A 7-year-old boy was admitted with polyuria, polydypsia, and stomach pain with renal stones on sonography. PD was instituted when serum creatinine and BUN levels were measured as high values. At the age of 10, CKLT was performed from his mother. His liver and renal function tests are well at 14 months after CKLT. CASE 3: A 2.5-year-old girl had attacks of dark urine without any pain; renal stones were imaged on sonography. She was diagnosed with PH1 and operated on several times due to obstruction. She received peritoneal dialysis and a cadaveric CLKT was performed when she was 9 years old. At the age of 16, she experienced chronic allograft nephropathy requiring HD and subsequent cadaveric donor renal transplantation at 1.5 years after initiation of HD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herein, we have presented the favorable clinical outcomes of patients with CKLT to indicate the validity of this treatment choice for PH1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey. s.kavukcu@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavukçu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bora
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Astarcioğlu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gülay
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D000637:Transaminases / Q000172:deficiency; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000637:Transaminases; C023067:glyoxylate aminotransferase