title: The AKT-mTOR axis regulates de novo differentiation of CD4+Foxp3+ cells.
abstract: CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells play an essential role in maintaining immunological tolerance via their suppressive function on conventional CD4(+) T (Tconv) cells. Repertoire studies suggest that distinct T cell receptor signaling pathways lead to T reg differentiation, but the signals that regulate T reg specification are largely unknown. We identify AKT as a strong repressor of entry into the T reg phenotype in vitro and in vivo. A constitutively active allele of AKT substantially diminished TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 expression in a kinase-dependent manner and via a rapamycin-sensitive pathway, implicating the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin axis. The observed impairment in Foxp3 induction was part of a broad dampening of the typical T reg transcriptional signature. Expression of active AKT at a stage before Foxp3 turn on during normal T reg differentiation in the thymus selectively impaired differentiation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) cells without any alteration in the positive selection of Tconv. Activated AKT, in contrast, did not affect established Foxp3 expression in T reg cells. These results place AKT at a nexus of signaling pathways whose proper activation has a strong and broad impact on the onset of T reg specification.
authors.affiliation: Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Sokol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haxhinasto
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases