title: Monitoring of fluid absorption with nitrous oxide during transurethral resection of the prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The fluid absorption that occurs during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) can be indicated and quantified by the ethanol method. Recently, nitrous oxide (N(2)O) was tested in animals and volunteers and seemed to be more accurate and safe. The present study compared these two methods in surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six TURPs were performed at two hospitals using an irrigating fluid that contained 3% mannitol, 1% ethanol and 0.004% N(2)O (40 ml/l). The ethanol concentration was measured by end-expiratory tests every 10 min. The N(2)O concentration was measured by a flared nasal cannula every second. Fluid absorption was calculated based on a regression equation (ethanol method) from the area under the curve based on the samples where CO(2) >median (N(2)O method).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (15%) absorbed >300 ml of fluid as indicated by the ethanol method. The median volume was 707 ml (range 367-1422). Ethanol yielded higher figures for fluid absorption up to 700-800 ml, whereafter the N(2)O method indicated that the absorption was larger. Over the entire range, the mean difference between the two methods at the end of any 10-min period of TURP was only +45 ml, although the 95% limits of agreement were quite separated (-479 to +569 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The N(2)O method does not require forced breath sampling and was successfully apply clinically. However, there was a dose-dependent difference in result between the ethanol and N(2)O methods, which markedly separated the limits of agreement for a wider range of fluid absorption events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, uKarolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drobin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjelmqvist
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piros
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000379:methods; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D000431:Ethanol; D008353:Mannitol; D009609:Nitrous Oxide