title: Ischial spine projection into the pelvis : a new sign for acetabular retroversion.
abstract: Femoroacetabular impingement may occur in patients with so-called acetabular retroversion, which is seen as the crossover sign on standard radiographs. We noticed when a crossover sign was present the ischial spine commonly projected into the pelvic cavity on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. To confirm this finding, we reviewed the anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 1010 patients. Nonstandardized radiographs were excluded, leaving 149 radiographs (298 hips) for analysis. The crossover sign and the prominence of the ischial spine into the pelvis were recorded and measured. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were assessed. The presence of a prominent ischial spine projecting into the pelvis as diagnostic of acetabular retroversion had a sensitivity of 91% (95% confidence interval, 0.85%-0.95%), a specificity of 98% (0.94%-1.00%), a positive predictive value of 98% (0.94%-1.00%), and a negative predictive value of 92% (0.87%-0.96%). Greater prominence of the ischial spine was associated with a longer acetabular roof to crossover sign distance. The high correlation between the prominence of the ischial spine and the crossover sign shows retroversion is not just a periacetabular phenomenon. The affected inferior hemipelvis is retroverted entirely. Retroversion is not caused by a hypoplastic posterior wall or a prominence of the anterior wall only and this finding may influence management of acetabular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalberer
authors.forename: Rafael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Sanjeev S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leunig
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007512:Ischium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity