International Circumpolar Surveillance System for invasive pneumococcal disease, 1999-2005.
The International Circumpolar Surveillance System is a population-based surveillance network for invasive bacterial disease in the Arctic. The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced for routine infant vaccination in Alaska (2001), northern Canada (2002-2006), and Norway (2006). Data for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) were analyzed to identify clinical findings, disease rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial drug susceptibility; 11,244 IPD cases were reported. Pneumonia and bacteremia were common clinical findings. Rates of IPD among indigenous persons in Alaska and northern Canada were 43 and 38 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. Rates in children <2 years of age ranged from 21 to 153 cases per 100,000 population. In Alaska and northern Canada, IPD rates in children <2 years of age caused by PCV7 serotypes decreased by >80% after routine vaccination. IPD rates are high among indigenous persons and children in Arctic countries. After vaccine introduction, IPD caused by non-PCV7 serotypes increased in Alaska.
Bruce
Michael G
MG
Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Circle Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA. zwa8@cdc.gov
Deeks
Shelley L
SL
Zulz
Tammy
T
Bruden
Dana
D
Navarro
Christine
C
Lovgren
Marguerite
M
Jette
Louise
L
Kristinsson
Karl
K
Sigmundsdottir
Gudrun
G
Jensen
Knud Brinkløv
KB
Lovoll
Oistein
O
Nuorti
J Pekka
JP
Herva
Elja
E
Nystedt
Anders
A
Sjostedt
Anders
A
Koch
Anders
A
Hennessy
Thomas W
TW
Parkinson
Alan J
AJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001110:Arctic Regions / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003081:Cold Climate; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs; D007223:Infant; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044382:Population Groups; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines