title: Mesenchymal cells recruit and regulate T regulatory cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite much investigation into T regulatory cells (Tregs), little is known about the mechanism controlling their recruitment and function. Because multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exert an immune regulatory function and suppress T-cell proliferation, this in vitro study investigated their role in Treg recruitment and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human MSCs and different T cell populations (CD3(+), CD3(+)/CD45RA(+), CD3(+)/CD45RO(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+)/CD45RO(+), CD4(+)/CD25(+)/CD45RA(+)) from healthy donors were cocultured for up to 15 days. Harvested lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and FoxP3 and CD127 expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Their regulatory activity was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate MSC recruit Tregs from a fraction of CD3(+) and from immunoselected CD3(+)/CD45RA(+) and CD3(+)/CD45RO(+) fractions. After culture with MSCs both immunoselected fractions registered increases in the CD4(+)/CD25(bright)/FoxP3 subset and CD127 expression was downregulated. When purified Treg populations (CD4/CD25(+), CD4/CD25(+)/CD45RA(+), and CD4/CD25(+)/CD45RO(+)) are used in MSC cocultures, they maintain FoxP3 expression and CD127 expression is downregulated. Treg suppressive capacity was maintained in Treg populations that were layered on MSC for up to 15 days while control Tregs lost all suppressive activity after 5 days culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MSCs recruit, regulate, and maintain T-regulatory phenotype and function over time.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Ianni
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Del Papa
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Ioanni
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cecchini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sportoletti
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falzetti
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabilio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000235:genetics; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053699:Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens