title: Inflammatory bowel disease and African Americans: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). There are conflicting reports on whether African Americans have a more severe disease course, presentation, and more frequent extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). We examined the precise nature of this relationship by conducting a systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using predefined inclusion criteria we searched multiple healthcare databases and Grey literature. Eight reports met the inclusion criteria. Using the parameters as defined in the Montreal classification and the presence or absence of EIM, we compared IBD in African Americans and Caucasians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 2000 IBD cases were pooled from 8 reports with African Americans comprising 17%. African Americans and Caucasians had similar distribution of types of IBD, with CD being more common than UC in both groups (CD 76% versus 68% and UC 24% versus 32%, respectively). With respect to CD, both groups presented with nonstricturing and nonpenetrating disease behavior (55% versus 41%) more frequently and had similar rates of ileocolonic disease location (42% versus 38%), and presence of perianal disease (26% versus 29%). In UC patients, proctitis was the most frequent initial presentation in both races. Joint complications were the most frequent EIM in both African Americans (52%) and Caucasians (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study dispels the commonly held views that African Americans with IBD generally have more colonic disease, more severe disease behavior, and more perianal disease than Caucasians. African Americans also have similar variety and frequency of EIMs as compared to Caucasians.
authors.affiliation: Price Institute of Surgical Research and the Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Suhal S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mahid
authors.forename: Aaron M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mulhall
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gholson
authors.forename: M Robert
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eichenberger
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galandiuk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017668:Age of Onset; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044465:White People