title: Safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) during extended treatment of adult Japanese patients with GH deficiency (GHD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of a growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy using a GH dose regimen based on serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) concentrations in Japanese adults with GH deficiency (GHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multicentre, uncontrolled, open-label study, Japanese adults with GHD who had received either GH replacement therapy (GH-GH group, n=35) or placebo (Placebo-GH group, n=36) in a previous randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were treated with GH replacement therapy for 48 weeks. GH treatment was started at a dose of 0.003 mg/kg/day administered by subcutaneous injection for the first 8 weeks, after which the dose was adjusted to maintain patients' serum IGF-I levels within the reference range adjusted for age and gender. Body composition, serum lipids, serum IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were measured throughout study. Symptom and quality of life scores were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lean body mass (LBM) was increased compared with baseline (the end of the preceding double-blind trial) at 24 and 48 weeks, with a mean (+/-SD) increase of 1.3% (+/-4.2%) at week 48 in the GH-GH group (an increase of 6.6% [+/-6.0%] from the start of the preceding double-blind trial) and a larger increase of 4.7% (+/-5.9%) in the Placebo-GH group. Body fat mass (BFM) increased slightly from baseline in the GH-GH group with a mean increase of 2.9+/-10.6% at week 48 (a decrease from the start of the preceding double-blind trial at 48 weeks of 7.8% [+/-15.0%]) but decreased by 6.5% (+/-11.7%) at week 48 in the Placebo-GH group. Serum lipids were unchanged or slightly increased from baseline in the GH-GH group but patients' lipid profiles improved in the Placebo-GH group. In patients who received placebo during the double-blind study, individualised GH therapy in this open-label study increased mean LBM at 48 weeks by 6.2+/-6.8% in patients with CO GHD and by 3.0+/-4.4% in patients with AO GHD. Changes in mean LBM and mean BFM at week 48 were +4.1+/-4.5% and -2.4+/-10.5%, respectively, in females and +5.0+/-6.7% and -8.9+/-11.8%, respectively, in males. In patients who received GH treatment during the double-blind study, overall changes in LBM, BFM and IGF-I SD score after 24 weeks and 48 weeks were small, with no significant differences between subgroups. While the overall incidence of adverse events was broadly similar in the GH-GH and Placebo-GH groups (97% and 89%, respectively), the incidence of treatment-related events was higher in the GH-GH group (83% vs 42% in the Placebo-GH group). Most adverse events in both treatment groups were of mild or moderate severity and not clinically significant. The incidences of oedema and cases of high IGF-I during the IGF-I level-adjusted treatment regimen were lower than those during the preceding fixed dose titration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term GH replacement therapy was well tolerated in Japanese adults with GHD. GH treatment maintained the improvements in body composition and lipid profiles in the patients previously treated in the double-blind study (GH-GH group) and improved these parameters in previously untreated patients (Placebo-GH group). Individualised GH administration based on IGF-I levels was well-tolerated and effective.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematology and Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. chiharak@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimatsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I