title: Determinants of antenatal morbidity: a multivariate analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to investigate the potential risk factors for developing complications and their magnitude during the antenatal period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data used in this paper came from a prospective survey in rural areas of Bangladesh conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Research for Promotion of Essential and Reproductive Health and Technologies (BIRPERHT) between November 1992 and December 1993. The differential patterns were analyzed for respondents' selected characteristics, and multivariate analysis was performed employing logistic regression and proportional hazards models for life-threatening and high-risk complications during pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For life-threatening complications during pregnancy, several factors emerged as potential risk factors, such as number of the pregnancy, age at marriage, duration of pregnancy, economic status and history of anemia prior to the index pregnancy. The last two covariates were associated only in the proportional hazards. Potential risk factors for high-risk complications during pregnancy were level of education, age at marriage, wanted pregnancy, duration of pregnancy and economic status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Health planners and policy makers in developing countries are trying to facilitate health services at the doorsteps of rural people. Our findings will help them understand the magnitude and underlying determinants of maternal morbidities and help their health planning process to reduce both life-threatening and high-risk complications during the antenatal period. Early age at marriage needs to be prevented through encouragement of girls' education as well as through increased social awareness programs. An effective quick referral mechanism should be developed to provide emergency services to high risk-groups. Finally, the importance of additional food supplements needs to be promoted during antenatal care visits as well as through mass media in order to reach people living in remote areas of rural Bangladesh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Information Administration, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait. rafiq@hsc.edu.kw
authors.forename: Rafiqul Islam
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: M Ataharul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Nitai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Halida Hanum
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Akhter
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008393:Marriage; D008423:Maternal Age; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted / Q000523:psychology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors