title: Varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: results from a randomised open-label trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Varenicline, a new treatment for smoking cessation, has demonstrated significantly greater efficacy over placebo and sustained release bupropion (bupropion SR). A study was undertaken to compare a 12-week standard regimen of varenicline with a 10-week standard regimen of transdermal nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 52-week, open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial conducted in Belgium, France, The Netherlands, UK and USA, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive varenicline uptitrated to 1 mg twice daily for 12 weeks or transdermal NRT (21 mg/day reducing to 7 mg/day) for 10 weeks. Non-treatment follow-up continued to week 52. The primary outcome was the biochemically confirmed (exhaled carbon monoxide < or = 10 ppm) self-reported continuous abstinence rate (CAR) for the last 4 weeks of the treatment period in participants who had taken at least one dose of treatment. Secondary outcomes included CAR from the last 4 weeks of treatment through weeks 24 and 52, and measures of craving, withdrawal and smoking satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 376 and 370 participants assigned to varenicline and NRT, respectively, were eligible for analysis. The CAR for the last 4 weeks of treatment was significantly greater for varenicline (55.9%) than NRT (43.2%; OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.28, p<0.001). The week 52 CAR (NRT, weeks 8-52; varenicline, weeks 9-52) was 26.1% for varenicline and 20.3% for NRT (OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.99, p = 0.056). Varenicline significantly reduced craving (p<0.001), withdrawal symptoms (p<0.001) and smoking satisfaction (p<0.001) compared with NRT. The most frequent adverse event was nausea (varenicline, 37.2%; NRT, 9.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcomes of this trial established that abstinence from smoking was greater and craving, withdrawal symptoms and smoking satisfaction were less at the end of treatment with varenicline than with transdermal NRT.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00143325.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Emile Roux, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Limeil-Brévannes, Paris, France. henri-jean.aubin@erx.aphp.fr
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobak
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oncken
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Billing
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reeves
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000068580:Varenicline
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D009538:Nicotine; D000068580:Varenicline