title: Prediction of the energy content of tallgrass prairie hay.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to describe the DE content of tallgrass prairie hay (TPH). In trial 1, steers (n = 13; 277 +/- 15 kg of BW) were used in a 13 x 4 Latin square experiment to measure the DE of 13 samples of TPH fed at 1.5% of BW daily (average feeding level = 0.7 x the maintenance energy requirement). Hays were harvested from a variety of locations in east-central Kansas and represented an array of harvest dates and storage methods. In trial 2, steers (n = 16; 261 + 17 kg of BW) were used in a randomized complete block experiment to assess the effects of TPH intake level on DE. Hay was fed at 1.3, 1.7, 2.1, or 2.5% of BW daily, which corresponded to 0.9, 1.4, 1.6, and 1.9 x the maintenance energy requirement. Steers in both trials were fed soybean meal in amounts calculated to provide ruminally degradable protein (RDP) equal to 11% of digestible OM intake. Hay samples were analyzed for ash, N, NDF, ADF, ADIN, NDIN, acid detergent-insoluble ash, lignin, monosaccharides, and alkali-labile phenolic acids. Chemical components related to DE (P < 0.2) were subjected to iterative regression analysis to predict the DE concentration of the diet. Iterations were ceased when the error mean square of the regression was optimized. At 0.7 x maintenance, the dietary DE concentration (Mcal/kg) was described by: DE = 0.13(CP) - 0.16(ADL) + 2.11 (R(2) = 0.73; S(y*x) = 0.13). Forage OM digestion decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as forage intake increased. Apparent dietary DE concentration decreased by 7.4% when intake was increased from 1 to 2 x maintenance. When RDP was adequate, chemical composition values were useful indicators of forage DE content in our study. Moreover, increased forage intake depressed GE digestion by steers, but ultimately increased total DE intake. Energy digestion varied with forage intake in a predictable manner between 1 and 2 x the maintenance feeding level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA. kcolson@ksu.edu
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Titgemeyer
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Heldt
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013025:Glycine max; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins