title: Maximum confidence hidden markov modeling for face recognition.
abstract: This paper presents a hybrid framework of feature extraction and hidden Markov modeling(HMM) for two-dimensional pattern recognition. Importantly, we explore a new discriminative training criterion to assure model compactness and discriminability. This criterion is derived from hypothesis test theory via maximizing the confidence of accepting the hypothesis that observations are from target HMM states rather than competing HMM states. Accordingly, we develop the maximum confidence hidden Markov modeling (MC-HMM) for face recognition. Under this framework, we merge a transformation matrix to extract discriminative facial features. The closed-form solutions to continuous-density HMM parameters are formulated. Attractively, the hybrid MC-HMM parameters are estimated under the same criterion and converged through the expectation-maximization procedure. From the experiments on FERET and GTFD facial databases, we find that the proposed method obtains robust segmentation in presence of different facial expressions, orientations, etc. In comparison with maximum likelihood and minimum classification error HMMs, the proposed MC-HMM achieves higher recognition accuracies with lower feature dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Departmernt of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. jtchien@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Jen-Tzung
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Chih-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008390:Markov Chains; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity