title: Activities of 7-nitroindazole and 1-(2-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-imidazole independent of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase inhibition.
abstract: 7-Nitroindazole (NI) is a widely used inhibitor of neuronal nitricoxide synthase (nNOS) used to study the role of the neuronal NO pathway in the nervous system. 7-NI prevents convulsions, including 2-amino-4-methylphosphinobutyric acid (glufosinate)-induced convulsions, in experimental models. Herein, we examined nNOS involvement in glufosinate-induced convulsions and the specificity of 7-NI for nNOS. Another nNOS inhibitor, 1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]imidazole (TRIM), inhibited NOS activity in vivo, and it prevented glufosinate-induced convulsions. In contrast, an endothelial NOS inhibitor, N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine, inhibited NOS activity in vivo, but it did not prevent the convulsions. These results suggest the involvement of nNOS in glufosinate-induced convulsions. However, a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, inhibited NOS activity in vivo, but it failed to prevent glufosinate-induced convulsions. 6-NI and indazole, which did not inhibit NOS activity in vivo, suppressed glufosinate-induced convulsions. Moreover, glufosinate elicited convulsions in nNOS-deficient mice. These results suggest the anticonvulsant effects of 7-NI and TRIM on glufosinate-induced convulsions do not involve nNOS inhibition, instead possibly being related to an undefined property of nitrogen-containing chemical structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi-Utsumi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakaki
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D006540:Herbicides; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006540:Herbicides; D007093:Imidazoles; D007191:Indazoles; C098186:1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole; C003121:phosphinothricin; C104292:6-nitroindazole; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C080122:7-nitroindazole; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester