title: Subcutaneous tissue thickness alters the effect of NMES.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No direct research has been conducted on the relationship between subcutaneous tissue thickness and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of subcutaneous tissue thickness on NMES amplitude and NMES force production of the quadriceps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Simple fixed design, testing the independent variable of subcutaneous thickness (skinfold) groups with the dependent variables of NMES amplitude and force production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athletic Training Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 healthy women.
  
  
  METHODS
  NMES to produce at least 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the quadriceps.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximal NMES amplitude and percentage of MVIC using NMES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant skinfold category difference F2,28=3.92, P=.032 on NMES amplitude was found. Post hoc revealed the thinnest skinfold category tolerated less amplitude compared to the thickest category. A significant correlation was found between NMES amplitude skinfold category R=.557, P=.002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher NMES amplitudes are needed for the thickest skinfold category compared to the thinnest skinfold category.
authors.affiliation: Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Department, Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, MI, USA. g.miller@wmich.edu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cheatham
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Holcomb
authors.forename: Rosealin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganschow
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Mack D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rubley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States