title: Variation in root-to-shoot translocation of cadmium and zinc among different accessions of the hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Thlaspi praecox.
abstract: Efficient root-to-shoot translocation is a key trait of the zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Thlaspi praecox, but the extent of variation among different accessions and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and Zn and apoplastic bypass flow were determined in 10 accessions of T. caerulescens and one of T. praecox, using radiolabels (109)Cd and (65)Zn. Two contrasting accessions (Pr and Ga) of T. caerulescens were further characterized for TcHMA4 expression and metal compartmentation in roots. Root-to-shoot translocation of (109)Cd and (65)Zn after 1 d exposure varied 4.4 to 5-fold among the 11 accessions, with a significant correlation between the two metals, but no significant correlation with uptake or the apoplastic bypass flow. The F(2) progeny from a cross between accessions from Prayon, Belgium (Pr) and Ganges, France (Ga) showed a continuous phenotype pattern and transgression. There was no significant difference in the TcHMA4 expression in roots between Pr and Ga. Compartmentation analysis showed a higher percentage of (109)Cd sequestered in the root vacuoles of Ga than Pr, the former being less efficient in translocation than the latter. Substantial natural variation exists in the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd and Zn, and root vacuolar sequestration may be an important factor related to this variation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China.|Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schat
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.affiliation: Soil Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism*; D031227:Thlaspi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc