title: Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice.
abstract: Many neuroactive steroids (NS) demonstrate neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions, including protection against apoptosis via Bcl-2 protein. NS are altered in post-mortem brain tissue from subjects with bipolar disorder, and several agents with efficacy in mania elevate NS in rodents. We therefore hypothesized that lithium and valproate may elevate NS, and compensatory NS increases may occur in Bcl-2 knockout mice. NS levels (allopregnanolone, pregnenolone) were determined in frontal cortex by negative ion chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in male Wistar Kyoto rats treated chronically with lithium, valproate, or vehicle. NS were also investigated in heterozygous Bcl-2 knockout mice. Allopregnanolone levels are significantly elevated in lithium-treated (p<0.05), but not in valproate-treated, rats. Pregnenolone levels also tend to be higher following lithium treatment (p=0.09). Knockout of Bcl-2 significantly increases pregnenolone levels in mice (p<0.01), while allopregnanolone levels are unaltered. NS induction may be relevant to mechanisms contributing to lithium therapeutic efficacy and neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. marx0001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Peixiong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kilts
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Madison
authors.forename: Lawrence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Shampine
authors.forename: Husseini K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Manji
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011284:Pregnenolone / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid; D011284:Pregnenolone; D004247:DNA; D011280:Pregnanolone; D018021:Lithium Chloride