title: Suppression of Peutz-Jeghers polyposis by targeting mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a unique disorder characterized by the development of hamartomas in the gastrointestinal tract as well as increased risks for variety of malignancies. Germ-line mutations of LKB1 cause PJS. We have generated Lkb1+/- mice, which model human PJS. Rapamycin and its analogues are promising preventive and therapeutic agents that specifically inhibit signaling from mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Hyperactivation of mTOR signaling has been associated with PJS. The objective of the study is to investigate the efficacy of mTOR inhibition in suppressing Peutz-Jeghers polyposis in Lkb1+/- mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We initiated a trial of rapamycin in Lkb1+/- mice at 9 months of age (after the onset of polyposis) at the dose of 2 mg/kg/d for a 2-month period. We assessed the efficacy of rapamycin by measuring polyp sizes and tumor burden. To examine the effect of rapamycin on mTOR signaling, phosphorylation levels of S6 were evaluated by immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a significant decrease in mean tumor burden (Student's t test, P = 0.023) as well as total tumor burden in rapamycin-treated group compared with control group. Comparison of the polyp size observed in both rapamycin-treated and control groups showed that rapamycin efficiently decreased the tumor burden of large polyps (> 8 mm). This inhibition of rapamycin was associated with a decrease in phosphorylated S6 levels in the polyps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapamycin effectively suppresses Peutz-Jeghers polyposis in a mouse model, suggesting that rapamycin or its analogues may represent a new targeted therapy for the treatment of PJS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Chongjuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Amos
authors.forename: Nianxiang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaopei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: Marsha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Frazier
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010580:Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C491654:Stk11 protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus