title: Duration of meconium passage in preterm and term infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First passage of stool after birth, meconium, is delayed in preterm infants compared to term infants. The difference in duration of meconium passage until transition to normal stools has however never been assessed in preterm and term infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Preterm infants have prolonged duration of passage of meconium (PoM) compared to term infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August and November 2006, all infants born in an academic and non-academic hospital with gestational age (GA) 25-42 weeks and without metabolical, congenital diseases or gastrointestinal disorders, were included. Infants were divided into four groups: (A) GA < or =30 weeks; (B) GA between 31 and 34 weeks; (C) GA between 35 and 36 weeks; (D) GA > or = 37 weeks (term born).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 198 infants (102 males); 32, 62, 33 and 71 infants in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, were included. With decreasing gestation a trend was found for delayed first PoM (p<0.001). Compared to term infants 79% (56/71), less preterm infants passed their first stool within 24 h after birth--group A: 44% (14/32); group B: 68% (42/62); and group C: 73% (24/33). With decreasing gestation a trend for prolonged PoM was found (p<0.001). The mean (SD) PoM duration was prolonged in group A: 7.8 days (2.5); group B: 4.3 days (2.4); and group C: 2.9 days (1.3) compared to term infants. Furthermore, PoM was associated with birth weights < or =2500 g (p = 0.03) and morphine therapy (p = 0.03). Duration of PoM was not associated with type of feeding, small for gestational age, large for gestational age or need for respiratory support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PoM was not only delayed but also prolonged in preterm infants. Duration of PoM was associated with GA, birth weight and morphine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. N.Bekkali@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bekkali
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hamers
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schipperus
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Reitsma
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Toledo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D008470:Meconium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine