title: Use of salmeterol with and without concurrent use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of asthma-related hospitalization among patients with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies evaluating the safety of salmeterol are inconclusive, which might be the result from not taking into account the impact of concomitant inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study whether salmeterol use with and without concomitant ICS, respectively, was associated with an increased risk of asthma-related hospitalizations among patients with asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study nested within a cohort of patients with asthma, identified in the year 2000, over a 2-year period was conducted. Cases were subjects who had a first-time hospitalization for asthma in the year 2001, and were matched with up to five controls by age (+/- 5 years), sex, and number of asthma-related outpatient visits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalizations and medication use were extracted from the MEDSTAT's MarketScan database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 333 cases of asthma-related hospitalizations and 1607 matched control subjects. Any use of salmeterol with concomitant ICS use during the prior year was associated with a 32% risk reduction for being hospitalized due to asthma (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.96). In the presence of concomitant ICS use, patients who either used salmeterol currently or used seven or more canisters of salmeterol during the prior year had 46% (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.92), and 59% (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.79) reductions in the risk of hospital admissions for asthma, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though indirect measure of asthma severity was adjusted during the analyses, the lack of information on lung function might result in a selection bias. Additionally, only a small sample size of patients was found to use salmeterol without concomitant ICS use, and this introduced the issue of lack of power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of salmeterol in conjunction with ICS is associated with a decreased risk of hospital admission for asthma.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Meng-Ting
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Grant H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Skrepnek
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Duane L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sherrill
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Cheng-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019992:Databases as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000068299:Salmeterol Xinafoate; D000420:Albuterol