title: PEG grafting of polyethylenimine (PEI) exerts different effects on DNA transfection and siRNA-induced gene targeting efficacy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gene targeting by RNA interference (RNAi) is mediated through small interfering RNA (siRNA), which, as plasmid DNA molecules, can be delivered into cells by polyethylenimines (PEI). Grafting with poly(ethylene glycol) has been introduced previously to improve PEI biocompatibility; however, data on the effects of PEGylation have been somewhat contradictory and various PEI(-PEG) need to be evaluated independently for DNA transfection and siRNA gene targeting efficacies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We directly compare plasmid DNA transfection and siRNA-mediated gene targeting efficacies, employing a larger set of polyethylenimine-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEI-g-PEG; PEI(-PEG)) with different molecular weights and degrees of PEG substitution.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed tissue culture-based bioassays on DNA transfection and siRNA-mediated targeting efficacies as well as on toxicity and cellular nucleic acid uptake, and, using sensitive assays based on radioactive labelling, physicochemically characterize the complexes regarding the degree of nucleic acid complexation and complex stabilities under various conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to the DNA transfection efficacy, siRNA-mediated gene targeting is much less dependent on the PEGylation of PEI or on the N/P ( = PEI nitrogen/nucleic acid phosphate) ratio. A more detailed analysis reveals that, in order to define optimal N/P ratios for DNA transfection, complex toxicities and nucleic acid uptake are the most critical parameters. In contrast, at optimal N/P ratios, complex stabilities and complexation efficacies determine PEI(-PEG)/DNA transfection efficacies and the major differences between various PEI(-PEG) are observed. All these parameters are less critical for PEI(-PEG)/siRNA gene targeting efficacy. Thus, our data lead to the distinction between three PEI(-PEG) groups, which relies on the differences in transfection rather than gene targeting efficacies, and which is correlated with the molecular weights and degrees of PEG substitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to PEI(-PEG)/DNA complexes, a broader panel of PEI-PEG are capable of siRNA-mediated gene targeting. Thus, PEG grafting of PEI requires a separate evaluation of siRNA and DNA complexes, which expands the portfolio of available PEI(-PEG) for the preparation of non-toxic, biocompatible siRNA delivery reagents for the induction of RNAi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Czubayko
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aigner
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D004247:DNA