title: Chemosensitization of fungal pathogens to antimicrobial agents using benzo analogs.
abstract: Activities of conventional antifungal agents, fludioxonil, strobilurin and antimycin A, which target the oxidative and osmotic stress response systems, were elevated by coapplication of certain benzo analogs (aldehydes and acids). Fungal tolerance to 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde or 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was found to rely upon mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) or glutathione reductase (GLR1), genes regulated by the HOG1 signaling pathway, respectively. Thus, certain benzo analogs can be effective at targeting cellular oxidative stress response systems. The ability of these compounds to chemosensitize fungi for improved control with conventional antifungal agents is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Plant Mycotoxin Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
authors.forename: Jong H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Molyneux
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000968:Antimycin A; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D002396:Catechols; D004149:Dioxoles; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008689:Methacrylates; D011758:Pyrroles; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C008556:mucidin; C067077:2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde; C009135:2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid; C108339:fludioxonil