title: Review article: use of antitumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and conception.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most frequently asked questions during consultation with those affected by inflammatory bowel disease is what are its effects on pregnancy, and how the treatment will impact on conception and pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review available data regarding the safety of biological therapies during pregnancy, primarily in woman with inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was performed and available original research and review articles relating to the use of biological (antitumour necrosis factor-alpha) therapies in inflammatory bowel disease were reviewed. Where information regarding the use of a drug in inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy was limited, articles referring to its use for other indications, such as rheumatoid arthritis, were reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on available data, biological therapies appear to be safe in pregnancy. Most studies looking at the effects of any one medication on pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease are confounded by the fact that most patients are on multiple medications and have varying levels of disease activity. Stopping therapy in the third trimester should be considered. Large registries with longer follow-up periods will be necessary before firm conclusions about the safety of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapies during conception and pregnancy can be drawn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, AMNCH/Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. odonnes2@tcd.ie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Morain
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000139:chemically induced; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab