title: Influence of socio-economic and demographic factors in determining breathing patterns: a pilot study.
abstract: Breathing represents one of the vital functions of the organism, and its unbalance causes some series of alterations in several organs and systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Verify the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors in determining breathing patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  there were 143 students in the sample, with ages ranging from 9 and 10 years, from two schools, public and private, in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Breathing patterns were established through two tests: Glatzel Plate (Steam) and water time in the mouth. Socio-economic factors were evaluated through questionnaires with nine questions each. Statistics were carried out by means of the Chi-Squared test or Fishers Exact test and the significance level used was of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral breathing prevalence was of 55.2%, higher among females (57.7%) and in public schools (67.2%). Lack of medical care (62%), less use of medications (56.6%), parents with educational levels lower than high school, divorced parents (66%), students that do not live with their parents (68.7%) and homes with only one room (72%), in all of those situations, oral breathing signs were more prevalent. Only school type had significant association with the breathing pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High levels of oral breathing without differences concerning gender and age. With the exception of school type, there was no association between breathing pattern and socio-economic factors.
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor - University of Pernanbuco.
authors.forename: Valdenice Aparecida
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.affiliation: M.S. in Odontopediatrics, PhD - Dental School of Pernambuco.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbosa Leal
authors.affiliation: Dentistry student - Dental school of Caruaru.
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motta Moura
authors.affiliation: PhD, Professor - Dental School of /ASCES; Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco/UPE Faculdade de Odontologia de Caruaru/ASCES.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Granville-Garcia
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors