title: Nasal CPAP or intubation at birth for very preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with ventilation and oxygen treatment. This randomized trial investigated whether nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), rather than intubation and ventilation, shortly after birth would reduce the rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 610 infants who were born at 25-to-28-weeks' gestation to CPAP or intubation and ventilation at 5 minutes after birth. We assessed outcomes at 28 days of age, at 36 weeks' gestational age, and before discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 36 weeks' gestational age, 33.9% of 307 infants who were assigned to receive CPAP had died or had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as compared with 38.9% of 303 infants who were assigned to receive intubation (odds ratio favoring CPAP, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 1.12; P=0.19). At 28 days, there was a lower risk of death or need for oxygen therapy in the CPAP group than in the intubation group (odds ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.88; P=0.006). There was little difference in overall mortality. In the CPAP group, 46% of infants were intubated during the first 5 days, and the use of surfactant was halved. The incidence of pneumothorax was 9% in the CPAP group, as compared with 3% in the intubation group (P<0.001). There were no other serious adverse events. The CPAP group had fewer days of ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In infants born at 25-to-28-weeks' gestation, early nasal CPAP did not significantly reduce the rate of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as compared with intubation. Even though the CPAP group had more incidences of pneumothorax, fewer infants received oxygen at 28 days, and they had fewer days of ventilation. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, 12606000258550.).
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. colin.morley@rwh.org.au
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Morley
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Lex W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Luc P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Brion
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hascoet
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carlin
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants