title: Evaluation of a model for efficient screening of tuberculosis contact subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contact tracing is an important component of tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Standardization of contact investigation protocols can make them more efficient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a model to select contact subjects for screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively collected standardized data on 325 TB index cases and their 2,009 contacts. Factors that independently influenced the risk of TB infection were included in the model, which was then validated in a second prospective cohort of 88 cases of TB and their 618 contacts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of eight independent risk factors were identified (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval): age, with three subgroups: 6-14 years (3.6; 1.6-8.0); 15-29 years (3.7; 1.8-7.7); > or =30 years (4.1; 2.0-8.5); cavitation on the index case's chest radiograph (1.6; 1.1-2.2); an index case sputum smear with 100 or more acid-fast bacilli per field (1.8; 1.2-2.8); household contact at night (2.1; 1.3-3.2); first-degree family relationship with the index case (2.1; 1.3-3.3); active smoking by the contact (1.6; 1.1-2.4); free health care (2.0; 1.2-3.2); and birth in a country with TB incidence rate higher than 25 of 100,000 (2.2; 1.5-3.2). Predictive probabilities were chosen to ensure false-negative rates lower than estimated TB infection background. The number of contacts to be investigated was reduced by 26% while maintaining a false-negative rate of 8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a standardized contact screening model which reduces resources required without negatively affecting disease control.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Khaoula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aissa
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madhi
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ronsin
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delarocque
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lecuyer
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Decludt
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Remus
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delacourt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016358:Contact Tracing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010297:Paris / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission