Scenarios of diffusion and control of an influenza pandemic in Italy.
To predict the spread of a pandemic strain of influenza virus in Italy and the impact of control measures, we developed a susceptible-exposed, but not yet infectious-infectious-recovered, and no longer susceptible (SEIR) deterministic model with a stochastic simulation component. We modelled the impact of control measures such as vaccination, antiviral prophylaxis and social distancing measures. In the absence of control measures, the epidemic peak would be reached about 4 months after the importation of the first cases in Italy, and the epidemic would last about 7 months. When combined, the control measures would reduce the cumulative attack rate to about 4.2%, at best, although this would require an extremely high number of treated individuals. In accordance with international findings, our results highlight the need to respond to a pandemic with a combination of control measures.
Rizzo
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National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. caterina.rizzo@iss.it
Lunelli
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Pugliese
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Bella
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Manfredi
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Tomba
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Iannelli
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Ciofi degli Atti
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D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000502:physiology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012929:Psychological Distance; D055815:Young Adult
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines