title: Metabolic syndrome and risk of development of atrial fibrillation: the Niigata preventive medicine study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The metabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of atherosclerotic risk factors, many of which also have been implicated in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the precise role of the metabolic syndrome in the development of AF is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This prospective, community-based, observational cohort study was based on an annual health check-up program in Japan. We studied 28 449 participants without baseline AF. We used 2 different criteria for the metabolic syndrome--the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP-ATP III) and those of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI)--to study the risk of development of new-onset AF. The metabolic syndrome was present in 3716 subjects (13%) and 4544 subjects (16%) using the NCEP-ATP III and AHA/NHLBI definitions, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, AF developed in 265 subjects (105 women). Among the metabolic syndrome components, obesity (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.64), elevated blood pressure (HR, 1.69), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR, 1.52), and impaired fasting glucose [corrected] (HR, 1.44 [NCEP-ATP III] and 1.35 [AHA/NHLBI]) showed an increased risk for AF. The association between the metabolic syndrome and AF remained significant in subjects without treated hypertension or diabetes by the NCEP-ATP III definition (HR, 1.78) but not by the AHA/NHLBI definition (HR, 1.28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk of AF. The metabolic derangements of the syndrome may be important in the pathogenesis of AF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan. hiroshi7@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Dawood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darbar
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshifusa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019370:Observation; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors