title: Relationship of transforming growth factor-beta(1) with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and endothelial activation in patients with stable renal transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether or not transforming growth factor-beta(1) is related to inflammation markers and to intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules in patients with stable renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta(1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules were analysed in 33 renal transplanted patients, 33 patients with chronic renal insufficiency (matched to the transplanted group for level of renal function), and 33 hypertensives with normal renal function. anova, Student's t-test and simple regression analysis were used to analyse the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplanted patients showed higher values than hypertensives of transforming growth factor-beta(1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules (P < 0.0001 for all). Renal insufficiency group exhibited higher concentrations of transforming growth factor-beta(1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules than hypertensives (P < 0.0001 for all). Transplanted and renal insufficiency patients had similar blood pressure and renal function levels, and transforming growth factor-beta(1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and adhesion molecules were not significantly different. In transplanted and in renal insufficiency groups transforming growth factor-beta(1), adhesion molecules and tumour necrosis factor-alpha correlated significantly each other and with glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.001 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In long-term renal transplantation inflammation and endothelial activation biomarkers, the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta(1) and kidney function are interrelated. Because of the relevant role that inflammation, organ fibrosis and graft dysfunction may play against renal and cardiovascular survival of graft recipients, a better comprehension of the interactions between these variables is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Disease and Nephrourology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulè
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vadalà
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arsena
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briolotta
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cerasola
authors.forename: Santina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cottone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein