title: Perceptions of cancer risks and predictors of colon and endometrial cancer screening in women undergoing genetic testing for Lynch syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lynch syndrome poses multiple cancer risks, yet attention has focused on screening for colorectal cancer. Estimated risks for endometrial cancer equal risks for colorectal cancer. This study (1) evaluated women's perceived risks for cancers, (2) compared endometrial cancer screening and colonoscopy, and (3) identified predictors of screening before and after genetic testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five adult women at 50% risk for carrying a cancer-predisposing mutation, without a history of endometrial cancer or hysterectomy, participated in genetic counseling and received unequivocal genetic test results for Lynch syndrome. Participants completed questionnaires before and after receipt of genetic results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretest, perceived risks for colon cancer were significantly higher than for extracolonic cancers (P < .0001). Use of colonoscopy was significantly higher (P = .006) than endometrial cancer screening. Post-test, carriers demonstrated a significant (P < .0001) increase in their perceived risk for extracolonic cancers and increased both colonoscopy (P = .79) and endometrial cancer screening (P = .11). Mutation status, age, perceived likelihood of carrying a mutation, and communication of test results to their physician independently predicted cancer screening at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women in families with Lynch syndrome are less aware of their risks for extracolonic cancers and undergo endometrial cancer screening significantly less often than colonoscopy before genetic counseling. Given the significantly increased risks for endometrial and ovarian cancers and the mortality associated with ovarian cancer, additional efforts to inform families of cancer risks and screening recommendations seem prudent. Physicians play a critical role in ensuring appropriate cancer screening in women with Lynch syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Social & Behavioral Research Branch, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2073, Building 31, Room B1B37F, Bethesda, MD 20892-2073, USA. dhadley@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.forename: Jean F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Seth M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liewehr
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moller
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Calzone
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Soballe
authors.forename: Ilan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kirsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors