title: The onset and duration of mobilization affect the regeneration in the rat muscle.
abstract: The effects of different mobilization protocols for muscle regeneration after myotoxin injury was compared in the rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Adult Wistar rats were divided into control (C); mobilized (M); injury (I); injury + late mobilization (LM) and injury + early mobilization (EM) groups. Muscle injury was induced by intramuscular lidocaine injection. The exercised animals were mobilized for 5 and 8 days during 15 and 45 minutes/session. The swimming started 1 hour or 3 days after injury. All animals were killed 8 days after the injury, together with the control group, when the TA muscles were weighted and excised. Cross sections were obtained by cryostat and submitted to Toluidine Blue stain. Qualitative morphological characterization of muscle regeneration and quantitative analysis of muscle fiber and non-muscle fiber area density were performed. The I and late mobilization groups showed decreased muscle mass when compared to all other groups. All injured animals showed signs of muscle fiber damage, although signs of early regenerated muscle fibers were more evident in injury + mobilization groups. Only the EM groups submitted to 45 minutes of exercise had increased muscle fiber and decreased non-muscle fiber area density values when compared to I group (p<0.05).
  
  
  
  the regeneration process is related to the onset of exercise, since animals submitted to early mobilization showed improved regeneration when comparted to LM groups. Besides, the length of session is also important for accelerating the regeneration process, as it was observed that 45 minutes was better than 15 minutes duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Piracicaba Methodist University, Brazil.
authors.forename: F E T
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Distefano
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ducatti
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: M I L
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Montebelo
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Minamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D008297:Male; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*