title: Are lateral electronic portal images adequate for accurate on-line daily targeting of the prostate? Results of a prospective study.
abstract: The purpose of this report was to evaluate the magnitude of the error that would be introduced if only a lateral (LAT) portal image, as opposed to a pair of orthogonal images, was used to verify and correct daily setup errors and organ motion in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of prostate cancer. The 3-dimensional (3D) coordinates of gold markers from 12 consecutive prostate patients were reconstructed using a pair of orthogonal images. The data were re-analyzed using only the LAT images. Couch moves from the 2-dimensional (2D)-only data were compared with the complete 3D data set. The 2D-only data provided couch moves that differed on average from the 3D data by 2.3 +/- 3.0, 0.0 +/- 0.0, and 0.8 +/- 1.0 mm in the Lat, AP, and SI directions, respectively. Along AP and SI axes, the LAT image provided positional information similar to the orthogonal pair. The error along the LAT axis may be acceptable provided lateral margins are large enough. A LAT-only setup protocol reduces patient treatment times and increases patient throughput. In most circumstances, with exceptions such as morbidly obese patients, acquisition of only a LAT image for daily targeting of the prostate will provide adequate positional precision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Lometti@radonc17.ucsf.edu <Lometti@radonc17.ucsf.edu>
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lometti
authors.forename: Damon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thurston
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lockhart
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009862:Online Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*