title: Histologic study of incorporation and resorption of a bone cement-collagen composite: an in vivo study in the minipig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium phosphates are clinically established as bone defect fillers. They have the capability of osseoconduction and are characterized by a slow resorption process. The present study evaluated the suitability of a newly developed calcium phosphate cement modified with collagen type I.
  
  
  METHODS
  The modified cement paste was inserted in differently designed defects of 10 minipigs. Further, an alveolar ridge augmentation was performed, applying the cement paste. The cement hardened in situ during the operation, forming a hydroxyapatite collagen composite. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. The tissue integration and resorption process was then evaluated using nondecalcified microsections. All animals were evaluated for histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implanted material showed osseoconductive characteristics. Resorption started from the edge of the defect zone, and bone substitution followed rapidly. Twelve months after placement of the cement, complete remodeling was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the applied hydroxyapatite-collagen cement composite shows good resorption and bone integration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Dresden University of Technology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany. ronald.mai@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinstorf
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilling
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hlawitschka
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelinsky
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loukota
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pompe
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eckelt
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stadlinger
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000378:metabolism*; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C471699:biocement D; C475044:hydroxyapatite cement