title: Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial.
abstract: This study examined dietary risk factors for incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in 4,770 Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (1994-2003) placebo-arm participants who were free of BPH at baseline. BPH was assessed over 7 years and was defined as medical or surgical treatment or repeated elevation (>14) on the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. Diet, alcohol, and supplement use were assessed by use of a food frequency questionnaire. There were 876 incident BPH cases (33.6/1,000 person-years). The hazard ratios for the contrasts of the highest to lowest quintiles increased 31% for total fat and 27% for polyunsaturated fat and decreased 15% for protein (all p(trend) < 0.05). The risk was significantly lower in high consumers of alcoholic beverages (0 vs. > or =2/day: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.67) and vegetables (<1 vs. > or =4/day: HR = 0.68) and higher in daily (vs. <1/week) consumers of red meat (HR = 1.38). There were no associations of supplemental antioxidants with risk, and there was weak evidence for associations of lycopene, zinc, and supplemental vitamin D with reduced risk. A diet low in fat and red meat and high in protein and vegetables, as well as regular alcohol consumption, may reduce the risk of symptomatic BPH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. akristal@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.forename: Kathryn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Jeannette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Penson
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D018120:Finasteride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D018120:Finasteride