title: Fluoroscopic and CT enteroclysis in children: initial experience, technical feasibility, and utility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial small-bowel obstruction can be difficult to diagnose on clinical examination. These obstructions might not be detected on routine abdominal/pelvic CT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and techniques of fluoroscopic enteroclysis (FE) and CT enteroclysis (CTE), and to review their indications and findings in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all enteroclysis studies in children younger than 18 years performed between January 2002 and March 2007. We correlated the results with other abdominal imaging and surgical and pathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review revealed 112 FE and 74 CTE studies performed in 175 children (mean age 14 years, range 3-18 years). FE and CTE studies were performed most commonly for evaluation of known Crohn disease (FE 38%, CTE 29%) and abdominal pain (FE 26%, CTE 26%). One FE study was terminated because of patient anxiety, and one CTE study was terminated because of patient discomfort. No complications of FE or CTE were reported. The findings were normal in 54% of the FE studies and 46% of the CTE studies. The most common small bowel diagnoses were Crohn disease (FE 34%, CTE 28%) and partial small bowel obstruction (FE 3%, CTE 10%). Two FE studies (2%) and 14 CTE studies (19%) showed abnormalities outside the small bowel. In 54 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 11 FE studies and 25 CTE studies showed additional bowel abnormalities. Overall, 14 and 21 patients had surgery as a result of the findings of FE and CTE, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FE and CTE are safe, feasible, and accurate in depicting small-bowel pathology in children. These techniques can be particularly useful in children with Crohn disease involving the small bowel.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Shanaree
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandrasegaran
authors.forename: S Greg
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Arunan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skantharajah
authors.forename: Dean T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Maglinte
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media