title: Comparison of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratios for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a canine model of a simulated, witnessed cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This experimental study compared the effect of compression-to-ventilation (CV) ratios of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2 on hemodynamics and resuscitation outcome in a canine model of a simulated, witnessed ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy dogs, irrespective of species (mean +/- SD, 19.2 +/- 2.2 kg), were used in this study. A VF arrest was induced. The dogs received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and were divided into three groups based on the applied CV ratios of 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2. After 1 minute of untreated VF, 4 minutes of basic life support (BLS) was performed. At the end of the 4 minutes, the dogs were defibrillated with an automatic external defibrillator (AED) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) efforts were continued for 10 minutes or until restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was attained, whichever came first.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the hemodynamic parameters, and arterial oxygen profiles was significantly different between the three groups during BLS- and ACLS-CPR. Eight dogs (80%) from each group achieved ROSC during BLS and ACLS. The survival rate was not different between the three groups. In the 15:1 and 30:2 groups, the number of compressions delivered over 1 minute were significantly greater than in the 15:2 group (73.1 +/- 8.1 and 69.0 +/- 6.9 to 56.3 +/- 6.8; p < 0.01). The time for ventilation during which compressions were stopped at each minute was significantly lower in the 15:1 and 30:2 groups than in the 15:2 group (15.4 +/- 3.9 and 17.1 +/- 2.7 to 25.2 +/- 2.6 sec/min; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a canine model of witnessed VF using a simulated scenario, CPR with three CV ratios, 15:1, 15:2, and 30:2, did not result in any differences in hemodynamics, arterial oxygen profiles, and resuscitation outcome among the three groups. CPR with a CV ratio of 15:1 provided comparable chest compressions and shorter pauses for ventilation between each cycle compared to a CV ratio of 30:2.
authors.affiliation: Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Kangwondo, Republic of Korea. shwang@yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sung Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sun Hyu
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Pei Ge
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kang Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Han Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Tae Yong
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006336:Heart Massage; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications