title: Neural tube defects at separate sites: further evidence in support of multi-site closure of the neural tube in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of MMC at multiple sites or their association with encephalocele is a very rare event. Only few cases of multiple NTDs have been described in world literature in the form of isolated case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 4 cases of multiple NTDs. We also review the theories of etiopathogenesis of multiple NTDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multiple-site closure of NT theory is most useful in describing the occurrence of multiple NTDs in our cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
authors.forename: Faiz U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
mesh_terms: D004677:Encephalocele / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008588:Meningocele / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery