title: Co-application of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning provides additive neuroprotection against spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.
abstract: Postconditioning can induce cardioprotection against ischemia. However, the data on postconditioning of the spinal cord is very limited. We investigated here whether co-application of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and postconditioning can provide additive neuroprotection against prolonged spinal cord ischemia. Spinal cord ischemia was produced in rabbits by infrarenal aortic occlusion with a balloon catheter for 30 min. The four treatment groups were control (n=10): no intervention; IPC (n=10): a 5-minute aortic occlusion was performed 20 min before the prolonged ischemia; Postcon (n=10): postconditioning comprised of four cycles of 1-minute occlusion/1-minute reperfusion was applied one minute after the start of reperfusion. IPC+postcon (n=11): both IPC and postconditioning were applied. Functional evaluation with Tarlov score was performed during a 14-day observation period. Neurologic impairment was noticeably attenuated in the IPC+postcon group (compared with the control group, P<0.01, at day 1, day 2, day 7 and day 14, respectively), but not in either the IPC or Postcon group. Plasma malondialdehyde levels after reperfusion were significantly decreased to a similar extent in the IPC, Postcon and IPC+Postcon groups (compared with the control group (P<0.01). In the IPC+Postcon group, many more large motor neurons were preserved than in the control group (P<0.05) and white matter injury was also markedly attenuated as evidenced by reduction of the vacuolation area of the white matter (P<0.01) and decreased amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity (P<0.01). From this, we conclude that the combination of IPC and postconditioning induces additive neuroprotective effects for spinal cord against ischemia and reperfusion injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamtsu, Japan. jiangsophie@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Enyi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shigehito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020760:Spinal Cord Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde