title: All-optical modulation with anomalous photovoltaic film on a Ti:LiNbO(3) waveguide modulator.
abstract: An anomalous photovoltaic film formed by simultaneous oblique sputter deposition of CdTe and CdS from different directions was integrated onto LiNbO(3) and combined with a Mach-Zehnder-type interferometric waveguide modulator. Irradiation by 830-nm laser light with low intensity near 1 mW of the photovoltaic film induced anomalous photovoltages of ~5 V, which is as high as the half-wave voltage. This photovoltage was used to control the signal light in the waveguide. Modulation by external light was demonstrated with a response time of 0.1 s. Because of the presence of CdS with a photoconductive effect, the response time was much faster than that of conventional anomalous photovoltaic films formed by oblique deposition of CdTe.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motohiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hioki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noda