title: Depression: a predictor of smoking relapse in a 6-month follow-up after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate whether depression is a predictor of postdischarge smoking relapse among patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina (UA), in a smoke-free hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Current smokers with MI or UA were interviewed while hospitalized; patients classified with major depression (MD) or no humor disorder were reinterviewed 6 months post discharge to ascertain smoking status. Potential predictors of relapse (depression; stress; anxiety; heart disease risk perception; coffee and alcohol consumption; sociodemographic, clinical, and smoking habit characteristics) were compared between those with MD (n=268) and no humor disorder (n=135).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relapsers (40.4%) were more frequently and more severely depressed, had higher anxiety and lower self-efficacy scale scores, diagnosis of UA, shorter hospitalizations, started smoking younger, made fewer attempts to quit, had a consort less often, and were more frequently at the 'precontemplation' stage of change. Multivariate analysis showed relapse-positive predictors to be MD [odds ratio (OR): 2.549; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.519-4.275] (P<0.001); 'precontemplation' stage of change (OR: 7.798; 95% CI: 2.442-24.898) (P<0.001); previous coronary bypass graft surgery (OR: 4.062; 95% CI: 1.356-12.169) (P=0.012); and previous anxiolytic use (OR: 2.365; 95% CI: 1.095-5.107) (P=0.028). Negative predictors were diagnosis of MI (OR: 0.575; 95% CI: 0.361-0.916) (P=0.019); duration of hospitalization (OR: 0.935; 95% CI: 0.898-0.973) (P=0.001); smoking onset age (OR: 0.952; 95% CI: 0.910-0.994) (P=0.028); number of attempts to quit smoking (OR: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.678-0.964) (P=0.018); and 'action' stage of change (OR: 0.065; 95% CI: 0.008-0.532) (P=0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression, no motivation, shorter hospitalization, and severity of illness contributed to postdischarge resumption of smoking by patients with acute coronary syndrome, who underwent hospital-initiated smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil. psigloria@incor.usp.br
authors.forename: Glória Heloise
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Bellkiss Wilma
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laranjeira
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data