Biosynthetic gene clusters for epipolythiodioxopiperazines in filamentous fungi.
Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are toxic secondary metabolites made only by fungi. Recent research efforts have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of these compounds. The availability of complete genome sequences for many fungi has also facilitated the identification of putative ETP biosynthetic gene clusters. Expression and mutational analyses have confirmed the role of such gene clusters in the biosynthesis of two ETPs, sirodesmin PL and gliotoxin. The creation of mutants unable to produce these ETPs has facilitated the assessment of these molecules as virulence factors in interactions between pathogenic fungi and their hosts.
Fox
Ellen M
EM
School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. e.fox@pgrad.unimelb.edu.au
Howlett
Barbara J
BJ
D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005912:Gliotoxin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014774:Virulence
D009183:Mycotoxins; D010879:Piperazines; D005912:Gliotoxin; C014187:sirodesmin