title: [Buccal musculomucosal flap for reconstruction of wide vermilion and orbicularis oils muscle defect].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the reconstruction of wide vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle defect with satisfactory outcome of aesthetics, sensation, and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The buccal musculomucosal flap based on the anterior buccal branches of the facial artery was used to reconstruct wide defect of vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle on upper or lower lip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  7 patients were treated. 5 cases had no postoperative complication. Partial mucosal necrosis on the tip of the flaps happened in 2 cases, but the underlying muscle survived and was re-mucosalized spontaneously. No other complication was observed. The sensation of cold, heat and touch could be detected on the first postoperative day. Electromyographic and electron microscopic studies confirmed innervation of the muscle in the flap.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The buccal musculomucosal flap is a reliable reconstruction option for wide defect of vermilion and orbicularis oris muscle which can' t be reconstructed with conventional method. Satisfactory aesthetic and functional results can be achieved with the buccal musculomucosal flap.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100041, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhen-min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sen-kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ning-bei
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002610:Cheek; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D055815:Young Adult