title: Effect of training in the fasted state on metabolic responses during exercise with carbohydrate intake.
abstract: Skeletal muscle gene response to exercise depends on nutritional status during and after exercise, but it is unknown whether muscle adaptations to endurance training are affected by nutritional status during training sessions. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an endurance training program (6 wk, 3 day/wk, 1-2 h, 75% of peak Vo(2)) in moderately active males. They trained in the fasted (F; n = 10) or carbohydrate-fed state (CHO; n = 10) while receiving a standardized diet [65 percent of total energy intake (En) from carbohydrates, 20%En fat, 15%En protein]. Before and after the training period, substrate use during a 2-h exercise bout was determined. During these experimental sessions, all subjects were in a fed condition and received extra carbohydrates (1 g.kg body wt(-1) .h(-1)). Peak Vo(2) (+7%), succinate dehydrogenase activity, GLUT4, and hexokinase II content were similarly increased between F and CHO. Fatty acid binding protein (FABPm) content increased significantly in F (P = 0.007). Intramyocellular triglyceride content (IMCL) remained unchanged in both groups. After training, pre-exercise glycogen content was higher in CHO (545 +/- 19 mmol/kg dry wt; P = 0.02), but not in F (434 +/- 32 mmol/kg dry wt; P = 0.23). For a given initial glycogen content, F blunted exercise-induced glycogen breakdown when compared with CHO (P = 0.04). Neither IMCL breakdown (P = 0.23) nor fat oxidation rates during exercise were altered by training. Thus short-term training elicits similar adaptations in peak Vo(2) whether carried out in the fasted or carbohydrate-fed state. Although there was a decrease in exercise-induced glycogen breakdown and an increase in proteins involved in fat handling after fasting training, fat oxidation during exercise with carbohydrate intake was not changed.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Exercise and Health, F.A.B.E.R. - K.U.Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Bock
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Derave
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Eijnde
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hesselink
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koninckx
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hespel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D048348:Reverse Transcription; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005223:Fats; D006728:Hormones; D012313:RNA; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase