[Role of androgen receptors in hormone-refractory prostate cancer: molecular basics and experimental therapy approaches].
The development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells is one of the major causes for the progression and high mortality rates in advanced prostate cancer (PCA). While the loss of the androgen receptor (AR) is the predominant mechanism for development of a hormone-insensitive disease in vitro, the first in vivo studies showed that the AR is still expressed or is even overexpressed in hormone-refractory PCA. In view of the increasing cases of PCA in the industrialized Western countries, a series of cell and molecular biological studies has led to the identification of various new factors and mechanisms that play a role during the development of hormone-refractory tumors. These findings should lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
Rinnab
L
L
Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany. ludwig.rinnab@uniklinik-ulm.de
Hessenauer
A
A
Schütz
S V
SV
Schmid
E
E
Küfer
R
R
Finter
F
F
Hautmann
R E
RE
Spindler
K D
KD
Cronauer
M V
MV
D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D011944:Receptors, Androgen