title: Operational sex ratio, sexual conflict and the intensity of sexual selection.
abstract: Modern sexual selection theory indicates that reproductive costs rather than the operational sex ratio predict the intensity of sexual selection. We investigated sexual selection in the polygynandrous common lizard Lacerta vivipara. This species shows male aggression, causing high mating costs for females when adult sex ratios (ASR) are male-biased. We manipulated ASR in 12 experimental populations and quantified the intensity of sexual selection based on the relationship between reproductive success and body size. In sharp contrast to classical sexual selection theory predictions, positive directional sexual selection on male size was stronger and positive directional selection on female size weaker in female-biased populations than in male-biased populations. Thus, consistent with modern theory, directional sexual selection on male size was weaker in populations with higher female mating costs. This suggests that the costs of breeding, but not the operational sex ratio, correctly predicted the strength of sexual selection.
authors.affiliation: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain. patrick.fitze@mncn.csic.es
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fitze
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Le Galliard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008116:Lizards / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D052287:Oviparity / Q000502:physiology; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology