A review of the anatomical variations of the posterior tributaries of the left renal vein.
BACKGROUND
Variations of the posterior tributaries of the left renal vein (LRV) are frequently encountered during various urological and vascular procedures. This can be explained by the complex embryological and anatomical arrangements of these tributaries, as well as variations in their nomenclature.


OBJECTIVE
To increase awareness of the anatomical variations of the posterior tributaries of the LRV.


METHODS
Twenty-one kidneys were dissected. All anatomical variations of the posterior tributaries of the LRV were recorded.


RESULTS
This study highlights lumbar tributaries are common on the left side. A single left lumbar tributary was found entering the posterior surface of the LRV in 10 out of 11 specimens. However, their drainage patterns showed varied anatomical configurations.


CONCLUSIONS
This cadaveric study was aimed to draw attention to surgically important variations of the posterior tributaries of the LRV. Increased awareness among surgeons can considerably reduce the potential risk of vascular injuries during renal surgery.
Raheem
O A
OA
The Department of Anatomy, The University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. omerham@hotmail.com
O'Brien
M
M
Glacken
P
P
Mohan
P
P
Hickey
D P
DP
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology*