title: [Tumor inhibitory factors in urologic malignancies].
abstract: In this review, pathogenesis and genetic alterations of urologic malignancies and their therapeutic target molecule are summarized briefly. In bladder cancer, only a little has been revealed. Loss of heterozygosity of 9p/q is frequently observed in low grade, low stage tumors. In invasive or carcinoma in situ tumors, alteration of p53 and Rb tumor suppressor gene is frequently found. In prostate cancer, the process of carcinogenesis from normal epithelium to cancer hypothesized by Nelson et al. (N Engl J Med 24; 349 : 366-381) seems to be logic. Androgen independency of tumor cells is associated with androgen receptor gene mutation and amplification, however, the mechanism is not well clarified. It is a turning point, therapeutic strategy is changing from cytokine immunotherapy to molecular targeting therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The pathway from growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet derived growth factor, and their receptors to mTOR is a central controller of tumor angiogenesis and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*