title: Correlative anatomy for the sternum and ribs, costovertebral angle, chest wall muscles and intercostal spaces, thoracic outlet.
abstract: The structures of the chest wall and thoracic outlet are complex. A working knowledge of their anatomy and of its variations is essential to any thoracic surgeon working in the area. Correlating imaging with anatomy is just as important if one wants to recognize surgical indications, and potential operating difficulties. In the past, conventional radiographic examination was the norm but interpretation was often difficult and incomplete. Currently, CT and MRI are the best available imaging tools, and most times they have complementary roles in the evaluation of chest wall anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Pneumologie de Laval, Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fréchette
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ugalde
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deslauriers
mesh_terms: D002968:Clavicle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007366:Intercostal Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012272:Ribs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013249:Sternum / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000033:anatomy & histology*