Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of animal origin in humans.
In 2003 in the Netherlands, a new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain emerged that could not be typed with Sma1 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (NT-MRSA). The association of NT-MRSA in humans with a reservoir in animals was investigated. The frequency of NT-MRSA increased from 0% in 2002 to >21% after intensified surveillance was implemented in July 2006. Geographically, NT-MRSA clustered with pig farming. A case-control study showed that carriers of NT-MRSA were more often pig or cattle farmers (pig farmers odds ratio [OR] 12.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1-48.6; cattle farmers OR 19.7, 95% CI 2.3-169.5). Molecular typing showed that the NT-MRSA strains belonged to a new clonal complex, ST 398. This study shows that MRSA from an animal reservoir has recently entered the human population and is now responsible for >20% of all MRSA in the Netherlands.
van Loo
Inge
I
Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Huijsdens
Xander
X
Tiemersma
Edine
E
de Neeling
Albert
A
van de Sande-Bruinsma
Nienke
N
Beaujean
Desiree
D
Voss
Andreas
A
Kluytmans
Jan
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*