title: [Sonographic evaluation of the uterus in Holstein-Friesian cows without and with disturbances of the puerperium during the first 14 days postpartum].
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate if, compared with transrectal manual palpation, B-mode sonography provides additional information about the uterine structures and contents of Holstein-Friesian cows without and with disturbances during the early puerperal phase, that lead to a more precise diagnosis. The examinations were carried out once per cow either during the first four days p. p. (contraction phase, KPH) or on days 5 to 10 (desquamation phase, DPH) or on days 11 to 14 (regeneration phase, RPH) in 57 cows with undisturbed (UP) and 69 with disturbed puerperal phases (GP). The mean size of the uterus measured by transrectal palpation was 0.94 to 1.51 points (on a 6-point scale, p < 0.05) larger throughout the examination period and the fluctuation was 1.29 and 0.92 points (on a 4-point scale, p < 0.05) higher in GP cows compared with UP cows during the KPH and RPH, respectively. During the KPH, contractility of the uterus was 0.56 points (on a 3-point scale, p < 0.05) lower in GP cows compared with UP cows. Sonographically the cross sectional area of the most caudally located caruncle was 0.47 to 3.53 cm2 bigger (p < 0.05) in GP cows than in UP cows. The GP cows showed in the KPH a 0.21 cm thinner (p < 0.05) endometrium compared with the UP cows. In the DPH and RPH, the echogenicity was 1.63 and 1.04 points (on a 4-point scale, p < 0.05) higher and the intraluminal diameter of the uterine body was 0.49 to 0.67 cm greater (p < 0.05) in GP cows compared with UP cows, respectively. By means of dicriminant analysis 96.7% and 91.7% of the animals of the GP and UP group, respectively, where classified correctly during the DPH, whereas in the other two phases these proportions were between 70.0% and 87.5%. The results show that B-mode sonography is an additional valuable method for a more accurate differentiation of uterine involutionary processes between cows without and with disturbances of the puerperal phase.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Rinder, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover. georgios.tsousis@tiho-hannover.de
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsousis
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bitter
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D004717:Endometrium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology