title: A finite element analysis of stress distribution in bone tissue surrounding uncoupled or splinted dental implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies on one-stage surgery in the treatment of the edentulous maxilla with implant-supported fixed prostheses have reported problems with removable provisional prostheses, which can load the implants in an uncontrollable manner during healing, and jeopardize healing. Immediate splinting of the implants with a fixed provisional prosthesis has been proposed to protect the bone-implant interface.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study used the finite element method (FEM) to simulate stresses induced in bone tissue surrounding uncoupled and splinted implants in the maxilla because of bite force loading, and to determine whether the differences in these stress levels are related to differences in observed bone losses associated with the two healing methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stress levels in the maxilla were studied using the FEM program TRINITAS (Institute of Technology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden) in which all phases - preprocessing/modeling, equation solving, and postprocessing/evaluation - were simulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress levels in bone tissue surrounding splinted implants were markedly lower than stress levels surrounding uncoupled implants by a factor of nearly 9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a mechanical viewpoint, FEM simulation supports the hypothesis that splinting reduces damage evolution in bone tissue, which agrees with clinical observations.
authors.affiliation: Implantatcentrum, Kneippgatan 4, SE-602 36 Norrköping, Sweden. goran.bergkvist@ptj.se
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergkvist
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simonsson
authors.forename: Kristofer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rydberg
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dérand
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001732:Bite Force; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003779:Denture Design; D004548:Elasticity; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013165:Splints
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants