title: Differential effects of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 versus interleukin-21 on CD4+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells.
abstract: In this study, we compared the effects of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-15, and IL-21 on gene expression, activation of cell signaling pathways, and functional properties of cells derived from CD4+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Whereas both IL-2 and IL-15 modulated, in a CTCL cell line, the expression of >1,000 gene transcripts by at least 2-fold, IL-21 up-regulated <40 genes. All three cytokines induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 and Jak3 in CTCL cell lines and native leukemic (Sezary) cells. However, only IL-2 and IL-15 strongly activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 5, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, and mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK signaling pathways in the cell lines and mitogen-primed native cells. In contrast, IL-21 selectively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3. Whereas all three cytokines protected CTCL cells from apoptosis, only IL-2 and IL-15 promoted their proliferation. The effects of the cytokine stimulation were Jak3 kinase- and Jak1 kinase- dependent. These findings document the vastly different effect of IL-2 and IL-15 versus IL-21 on CTCL cells. They also suggest two novel therapeutic approaches to CTCL and, possibly, other CD4+ T-cell lymphomas: inhibition of the Jak1/Jak3 kinase complex and, given the known strong immunostimulatory properties of IL-21 on CD8+ T, natural killer, and B cells, application of this cytokine to boost an immune response against malignant CD4+ T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzec
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Halasa
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasprzycka
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wysocka
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Odum
authors.forename: Alain H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.forename: Mariusz A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wasik
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D053616:Janus Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C507904:JAK1 protein, human; C507933:JAK3 protein, human; D053613:Janus Kinase 1; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases