title: Validity of the ALS-Depression-Inventory (ADI-12)--a new screening instrument for depressive disorders in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depressive symptoms among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are usually measured with conventional questionnaires. These measurements do not consider the specific circumstances of the underlying disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a new short 12 items ALS-Depression-Inventory (ADI-12). We determined convergent, criterion, and concurrent validity. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM-IV was used as the gold standard and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the WHO Well Being Index (WHO-5) to assess concurrent validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 39 ALS patients in all stages of the disease were interviewed. Convergent validity was estimated by the inter-correlation between the ADI-12 and the BDI. Criterion and concurrent validity were specified with respect to sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and Areas Under the Curves (AUC) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three depression scales showed excellent internal consistencies (Cronbach's alpha: .8-.9). The correlation between the ADI-12 and the BDI was high (r=.80). For the ADI-12 a cut-off of > or = 30 (SE=100%, SP=83%) identified all patients with a current episode of major depression. A more liberal cut-off (> or = 23) identified all patients with any depressive disorder including minor depression at the cost of specificity (60%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the ADI-12 ALS patients with depressive disorders can be reliably identified. We recommend the ADI-12 for routine screening in primary care of ALS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany. eva.hammer@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Häcker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hautzinger
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization