In vivo bioluminescence imaging study to monitor ectopic bone formation by luciferase gene marked mesenchymal stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a powerful tool for applications in regenerative medicine. In this study, we used in vivo bioluminescence imaging to noninvasively investigate the fate and the contribution to bone formation of adult MSCs in tissue engineered constructs. Goat MSCs expressing GFP-luciferase were seeded on ceramic scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously in immune-deficient mice. The constructs were monitored weekly with bioluminescence imaging and were retrieved after 7 weeks to quantify bone formation by histomorphometry. With increasing amounts of seeded MSCs (from 0 to 1 x 10(6) MSC/scaffold), a cell-dose related increase in bioluminescence was observed at all time points, correlating with increased bone formation at 7 weeks. To investigate the relevance of MSC proliferation to bone deposition, cell-seeded scaffolds were irradiated. The irradiated cells were functional with respect to oxygen consumption but no increase in bioluminescence was observed in vivo, and only minimal bone was produced. Proliferating MSCs are likely required for initiation of bone formation in tissue engineered constructs in vivo. Bioluminescence is a useful tool to monitor cellular responses and predict bone formation in vivo.
Olivo
Cristina
C
Department of Immunology, UMC Utrecht, HP: KC02.085.2, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Alblas
Jacqueline
J
Verweij
Vivienne
V
Van Zonneveld
Anton-Jan
AJ
Dhert
Wouter J A
WJ
Martens
Anton C M
AC
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006041:Goats; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008156:Luciferases