title: Insulin sensitivity in Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate insulin sensitivity in Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents, and assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and clinical markers of adiposity and parameters of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 patients aged 8-18 years with Type 1 diabetes and disease duration 1.5-15 years participated. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by glucose uptake during an euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and was calculated as the average amount of glucose (M(lbm) = mg/kg(lbm)/min) required to maintain euglycaemia. Blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and lipid concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The M(lbm )value ranged from 4.14 to 25.25 mg/kg(lbm)/min (mean 9.81 +/- 3.34 mg/kg(lbm)/min). There was a significant relationship between M value and patients' age (r = -0.38, P < 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity decreased significantly with the onset of puberty; hence, it was significantly lower in pubertal and post-pubertal adolescents. Girls were significantly more insulin resistant than boys (9.01 +/- 0.32 vs. 10.43 +/- 0.29 mg/kg(lbm)/min, P = 0.005). Insulin sensitivity correlated with body mass index (r = -0.29, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = -0.35, P < 0.001), triceps skin fold (r = -0.17, P = 0.018), subscapular skin fold (r = -0.23, P = 0.001) and body fat (r = -0.19, P = 0.006). There was a relationship between M(lbm) value, cholesterol (r = -0.18, P = 0.012), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.15, P = 0.035), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.22, P = 0.002), triglycerides (r = -0.32, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.15, P = 0.029). Insulin resistance was related to HbA(1c) (r = -0.18, P = 0.012). Additionally, there was a correlation between M(lbm) value and insulin dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have a very wide range of insulin sensitivity, which is determined by sex, age, amount of adipose tissue and glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Children's Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. agnieszka.szadkowska@wp.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szadkowska
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mianowska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bodalska-Lipińska
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toporowska-Kowalska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Młynarski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bodalski
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids