title: International variation in Helicobacter pylori infection and rates of oesophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between gastric atrophy, Helicobacter pylori and CagA status, and ratio of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OSCC:OAC) amongst international heterogeneous populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardised protocols were used to collect and process questionnaire data and serum samples for PgA and PgC levels and H. pylori and CagA serology. The OSCC:OAC were used to construct appropriate models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations between the OSCC:OAC and both rates of low PgA:PgC ratios and serological markers of H. pylori infection, in males, but not females. A significant correlation between OSCC:OAC and overall CagA-seropositivity was seen in males, but not females, but this was not independently associated with increasing OSCC:OAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In males, populations with higher rates of gastric atrophy or H. pylori infection have a higher OSCC:OAC. CagA seropositivity rates seem to have no additional effect.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute for Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. medggr@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Crabtree
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D014943:Global Health; D016481:Helicobacter Infections; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori