CD4(+) T cell responses to cytomegalovirus in early life: a prospective birth cohort study.
We compared cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and CD154 CD4(+) T cell responses of infants to those from chronically infected adults and from children aged 4-5 years. Magnitudes of the responses were similar, although coexpression of IFN-gamma plus CD154 occurred more than coexpression of IFN-gamma plus IL-2 or IL-2 plus CD154. Responses remained constant during infancy, although the proportion of IFN-gamma-producing cells increased from infancy to adulthood. Most responding cells in infants were undifferentiated (i.e., CD27(+)CD28(+)), although IFN-gamma-producing cells were disproportionately CD27(-). By 12 months after diagnosis, viremia was rarely detectable, indicating that CMV was controlled despite the slow development of CMV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses.
Miles
David J C
DJ
Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia. djcm1@liverpool.ac.uk
Sande
Marianne van der
Mv
Kaye
Steve
S
Crozier
Sarah
S
Ojuola
Olubukola
O
Palmero
Melba S
MS
Sanneh
Mariama
M
Touray
Ebrima S
ES
Waight
Pauline
P
Rowland-Jones
Sarah
S
Whittle
Hilton
H
Marchant
Arnaud
A
D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load
D007376:Interleukin-2; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D007371:Interferon-gamma