title: Effectiveness of careful bedside examination in assessment, diagnosis, and prognosis of vestibular neuritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of 4 bedside tests (head-impulse, head-heave, head-shake, and vibration tests) can be as effective as the caloric test, a widely accepted standard, in the diagnosis and prediction of the time to recovery from vestibular neuritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort (1-year follow-up), criterion standard study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had acute vertigo, and those having a diagnosis of vestibular neuritis were eligible for inclusion in the study. Sixty-eight patients (43 men and 25 women; mean age, 54.9 years) met this criterion, and 53 of them (77.9%) completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneous head-shaking and vibration-induced nystagmus elicited with a battery-powered device were tested wearing Frenzel goggles. The head-impulse and head-heave tests were performed manually. Caloric irrigation was administered with hot, cold, and ice water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, more than half of the patients exhibited positive signs with all 4 tests and all had caloric paralysis or paresis. Signs with the head-impulse and head-heave tests correlated highly (odds ratio, 24.9; P < .001), as did those with the head-shake and vibration tests (odds ratio, 22.8; P < .001). Patients with a positive sign with the head-impulse or vibration test were 70% less likely to recover than were those with a negative sign. Head-impulse (hazard ratio, 0.08; P = .002) and head-shake (hazard ratio, 0.23; P = .01) test results were associated with the outcome of the caloric test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful bedside examination of patients with vestibular neuritis has both diagnostic value in the short term and prognostic value in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Radiology, and Otolaryngology, University of Siena School of Medicine, Viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy. scmarcos@tin.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandalà
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nuti
authors.forename: Aimee Teo
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.forename: David Samuel
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010808:Physical Examination; D011379:Prognosis; D020338:Vestibular Neuronitis / Q000175:diagnosis*