Viable Newcastle disease vaccine strains in a pharmaceutical dump.
To assess the viability of discarded and buried vaccine strains, we examined vaccines that had been buried for >20 years in an industrial waste dump in the city of Milan, Italy. Viability results showed potential biological risk associated with uncontrolled burial of pharmaceutical industry waste, including some live vaccines.
Amendola
Antonella
A
University of Milan, Milan, Italy. antonella.amendolla@unimi.it
Bianchi
Silvia
S
Canuti
Marta
M
Zappa
Alessandra
A
Zanoni
Giovanna
G
Koncan
Raffaella
R
Tanzi
Elisabetta
E
Cornaglia
Giuseppe
G
Remo Zanetti
Alessandro
A
Tridente
Giuseppe
G
D008506:Medical Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines