Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change.
Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change, we found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years. Biofuels from switchgrass, if grown on U.S. corn lands, increase emissions by 50%. This result raises concerns about large biofuel mandates and highlights the value of using waste products.
Searchinger
Timothy
T
Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. tsearchi@princeton.edu
Heimlich
Ralph
R
Houghton
R A
RA
Dong
Fengxia
F
Elobeid
Amani
A
Fabiosa
Jacinto
J
Tokgoz
Simla
S
Hayes
Dermot
D
Yu
Tun-Hsiang
TH
D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000191:economics / Q000254:growth & development; D017753:Ecosystem; D004736:Energy-Generating Resources; D004777:Environment; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D013997:Time Factors; D014197:Trees; D014481:United States; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol