title: Contribution of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors to in vivo glutamate-induced calpain activation in the rat striatum. Relation to neuronal damage.
abstract: Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter, can cause the death of neurons by a mechanism known as excitotoxicity. This is a calcium-dependent process and activation of the NMDA receptor subtype contributes mainly to neuronal damage, due to its high permeability to calcium. Activation of calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, has been implicated in necrotic excitotoxic neuronal death. We have investigated the contribution of NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic receptors to calpain activation and neuronal death induced by the acute administration of glutamate into the rat striatum. Calpain activity was assessed by the cleavage of the cytoskeletal protein, alpha-spectrin. Caspase-3 activity was also studied because glutamate can also lead to apoptosis. Results show no caspase-3 activity, but a strong calpain activation involving both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors. Although neuronal damage is mediated mainly by the NMDA receptor subtype, it can not be attributed solely to calpain activity.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Perla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Río
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montiel
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massieu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*; D013049:Spectrin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004151:Dipeptides; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011810:Quinoxalines; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C062865:2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline; D013049:Spectrin; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D002154:Calpain; D053148:Caspase 3; C058076:calpain inhibitor III