title: Engagement of phospholipid scramblase 1 in activated cells: implication for phosphatidylserine externalization and exocytosis.
abstract: Phosphatidylserine (PS) in quiescent cells is predominantly confined to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Externalization of PS is a marker of apoptosis, exocytosis, and some nonapoptotic activation events. It has been proposed that PS externalization is regulated by the activity of PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1), a Ca(2+)-dependent endofacial plasma membrane protein, which is tyrosine-phosphorylated in activated cells. It is, however, unclear how the phosphorylation of PLSCR1 is related to its membrane topography, PS externalization, and exocytosis. Using rat basophilic leukemia cells as a model, we show that nonapoptotic PS externalization induced through the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) or the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein Thy-1 does not correlate with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLSCR1. In addition, PS externalization in FcepsilonRI- or Thy-1-activated cells is not associated with alterations of PLSCR1 fine topography as detected by electron microscopy on isolated plasma membrane sheets. In contrast, activation by calcium ionophore A23187 induces changes in the cellular distribution of PLSCR1. We also show for the first time that in pervanadate-activated cells, exocytosis occurs even in the absence of PS externalization. Finally, we document here that tyrosine-phosphorylated PLSCR1 is preferentially located in detergent-insoluble membranes, suggesting its involvement in the formation of membrane-bound signaling assemblies. The combined data indicate that changes in the topography of PLSCR1 and its tyrosine phosphorylation, PS externalization, and exocytosis are independent phenomena that could be distinguished by employing specific conditions of activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smrz
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebduska
authors.forename: L'ubica
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dráberová
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korb
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dráber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008954:Models, Biological; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000737:chemistry*; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007476:Ionophores; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D049294:Phospholipid Transfer Proteins; C076715:pervanadate; D000001:Calcimycin; D014638:Vanadates; D014443:Tyrosine