title: Evaluation of pretransplant serum cytokine levels in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytokines are early predictors of graft dysfunction. In this study we evaluated pretransplant cytokine levels and graft outcomes among renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor selection was based on results of blood group matching and negative crossmatches. A panel of 35 human serum samples from patients (female/male = 0.4) awaiting renal transplantation and 15 healty control sera were analyzed for interleukin (IL) 1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The average age of the patients was 34.5 +/- 10.1 years (range 15 to 60). The average duration of renal replacement therapy before renal transplantation was 42.1 +/- 57.9 months (range 0 to 288). The types of renal replacement therapy were; hemodialysis (n = 27) and CAPD (n = 8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretransplant IL-6 levels were higher among recipients who displayed acute rejection episodes compared with those fact of this complications (P < .05) or control sera (P < .05). Pretransplant IL-6 levels were higher among recipients with graft failure than those with a functioning graft (P < .05). Pretransplant IL-10 levels were higher among recipients with acute rejection episodes and graft failure than those without acute rejection or control subjects, but the difference did not reach significance. There was no correlation between pretransplant cytokine levels and age, gender, type, or duration of renal replacement therapy (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High pretransplant serum IL-6 levels are associated with an increased risk of acute rejection episodes and graft failure. IL-10 might contribute an anti-inflammatory action to patients with high serum IL-6 levels.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation and Immunology Unit, Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yiğit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Işitmangil
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tellioğlu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozgezer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gülle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Titiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins