title: Sex-differences in lung cancer cell-types? An epidemiologic study in Ireland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assesses the epidemiological pattern of lung cancer cell-types in Ireland, with identification of any underlying gender variations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung cancer incidence data, including the major cell-types: squamous-cell-carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC), small-cell-lung-carcinoma (SCLC) and large-cell-carcinoma (LCC) were obtained from the national cancer registry (1994-2000), together with individual characteristics, such as age, gender, smoking status, and the year of diagnosis. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), male-to-female (M: F) rate ratios (RR) of ASIR for SCC and AC, as well as RR of AC: SCC according to smoking status for both sexes, were estimated. Estimated-annual-percent-changes for each of the cell-types were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AC incidence in females is rising annually (8.5%, p = 0.008) from 1994 to 2000, while SCC is declining (-5.4%, p = 0.01) in males. M: F ratios of ASIR are consistently greater than 'one', but converging recently. RR of AC: SCC is also approaching 'unity' across both sexes, irrespective of the smoking status
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An apparent increase in lung AC incidence in females was observed in Ireland that might indicate some local environmental risk factors, in addition to changing smoking habits. The study findings do not support the hypothesis that females in general are at higher risk for lung cancer development, but tobacco and histologic-specific susceptibility cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Division of Public Health Practice, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center, 3rd Floor (East), Boston, MA 02215, USA. zkabir@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Zubair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clancy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009660:Northern Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors