title: The presence of rhinovirus in lower airways of patients with bronchial asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The common cold virus, human rhinovirus (HRV), is the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbations. However, a possible contribution of HRV to the pathogenesis of chronic, persistent asthma has not been defined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if patients with stable asthma, who are free of clinical signs of a respiratory infection for at least 3 weeks, harbor HRV in their bronchi more frequently than nonasthmatic control subjects, and whether clinical features of asthma are associated with the presence of HRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry and the indirect in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method were used to detect the presence of HRV in bronchial mucosal biopsies in patients with asthma and nonasthmatic control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRV was found by immunohistochemistry in 9 of 14 bronchial biopsies from subjects with asthma (64.3%) and 2 of 6 nonasthmatic control subjects (33.3%) (P = 0.38). With the more sensitive indirect in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method, HRV was found in the mucosal biopsies of 73% of patients with asthma and 22% of nonasthmatic control subjects (P < 0.001). Subjects positive for HRV had lower pulmonary function, higher numbers of blood eosinophils and leukocytes, and eosinophilic infiltration in bronchial mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRV was detected in the lower airway tissue of patients with asthma significantly more often than in nonasthmatic subjects, and its presence was associated with clinical features of more severe disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wos
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanak
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soja
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Olechnowicz
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczeklik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000821:virology*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000821:virology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002353:Carrier State; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012229:Rhinovirus