title: Experience of being the spouse/cohabitant of a person with bipolar affective disorder: a cumulative process over time.
abstract: The aim of the study was to identify and describe spouses'/cohabitants' experiences of living with a partner with bipolar affective disorder over time. Qualitative research interviews were conducted with eight spouses/cohabitants. Transcribed interviews were analysed structurally based on Ricoeur's phenomenological hermeneutics as described by Lindseth and Norberg. The participants' shared lives ranged from 6 to 51 years, and the study found three major aspects that characterized their experience along this time-dimension; experience formed part of a cumulative process containing up to 14 experiences. Each experience created a preunderstanding that affected how subsequent experiences were perceived, and mastered. These three major aspects had a reciprocal influence on the following 14 experiences over time: Fear and the incomprehensible. Accusations. Self-doubt and doubt about own powers of judgement. Care and information vs. being overlooked or turned away by health personnel. Stigmatization and loss of social network. Uncertainty, powerlessness and hope. Loneliness. Anger and despair. The persistent threat. Own health problems. Grief over loss. Dawning acceptance. Reconciliation. New hope. A theoretical understanding using gestalt therapy theory suggests that burdensome experience can be seen as an inner imbalance in the spouse/cohabitant when she/he cannot find meaning in their experiences. When only parts of the whole are perceived, an incomplete gestalt is formed in the person's lived-experience that counteracts the equilibrium of the organism. Insight and meaning can protect them against burdensome experiences and nurses can empower them through care, health-promoting education and guidance. Nursing research should develop methods of education and guidance sensitive enough to help each spouse/cohabitant, regardless of where they are in their cumulative process.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway. otr@hib.no
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tranvåg
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristoffersen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008132:Loneliness; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009664:Norway; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires