title: Lorazepam, diphenhydramine, and haloperidol transdermal gel for rescue from chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting: results of two pilot trials.
abstract: Despite their use of prophylactic antiemetic therapies, cancer patients continue to consider chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) to be a significant problem. Patients frequently use various "breakthrough" medications for these symptoms. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of trials regarding treatment of breakthrough CINV. This study investigated the efficacy of "ABH," a topical gel containing lorazepam (Ativan), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and haloperidol (Haldol), in reducing breakthrough CINV. Adults receiving standard recommended prophylactic antiemetics as outpatients were instructed to use 0.5 mL of the gel topically when they experienced significant CINV. Patients then were contacted retrospectively to respond to a questionnaire rating their nausea and/or vomiting and their response to ABH-gel treatment. The results were collected during two trials: Trial I began in April 2003, and Trial II began in March 2006. During Trial I, 23 patients were evaluated; 17 patients (74%) reported that use of the gel decreased their CINV, with 15 (70%) reporting relief within 30 minutes of its application. Three patients believed that the gel caused sedation; no troubles with skin irritation or muscle spasms were reported. In Trial II, all 10 patients believed that the treatment was effective. When the severity of CINV was quantified on a scale of 0-10, the mean CINV score decreased significantly from a 6.1 before gel application to a 1.7 as evaluated 30 minutes following gel application (P < 0.005). Topical use of ABH gel appears to be a promising and safe rescue therapy for breakthrough CINV that occurs despite prophylactic antiemetic therapy. These results warrant further confirmation in a large, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: Hematology/Oncology Division, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68132-2867, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bleicher
authors.forename: Achala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhaskara
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huyck
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constantino
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bardia
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Loprinzi
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Silberstein
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005782:Gels; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D005782:Gels; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D006220:Haloperidol; D008140:Lorazepam