title: T-type Ca2+ channel blockers prevent cardiac cell hypertrophy through an inhibition of calcineurin-NFAT3 activation as well as L-type Ca2+ channel blockers.
abstract: T-type Ca2+ channels (TCCs) are involved in cardiac cell growth and proliferation in cultured cardiomyocytes. Underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of TCCs in signal transduction in cardiac hypertrophy compared with L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs). Cardiomyocytes dissociated from neonatal mouse ventricles were cultured until stabilization. Cell hypertrophy was induced by reapplication of 1% fatal bovine serum (FBS) following a period (24 h) of FBS depletion. Cell surface area increased from 862+/-73 microm2 to 2153+/-131 microm2 by FBS stimulation in control (250+/-1.8%). T-type Ca2+ current (I(CaT)) was inhibited dose-dependently by kurtoxin (KT) and efonidipine (ED) with IC50 0.07 microM and 3.2 microM, respectively in whole-cell voltage clamp. On the other hand, 1 microM KT which inhibits I(CaT) over 90% did not effect on L-type Ca2+ current (I(CaL)). 10 microM ED had the ability of I(CaL) blockade as well as that of I(CaT) blockade. 3 microM nisoldipine (ND) suppressed I(CaL) by over 80%. The increase in cell surface area following reapplication of FBS as observed in control (250+/-1.8%) was significantly reduced in the presence of 1 microM KT (216+/-1.2%) and virtually abolished in the presence of 10 microM ED (97+/-0.8%) and 3 microM ND (80+/-1.1%). Hypertrophy was associated with an increase in BNP mRNA of 316+/-3.6% in control and this increase was reduced as well in the presence of 1 microM KT (254+/-1.8%) and almost abolished in the presence of 10 microM ED (116+/-1.1%) and 3 muM ND (93+/-0.8%). Immunolabeling showed that translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT3) into the nucleus in response to FBS stimulation was markedly inhibited by either KT or ED as well as ND. Calcineurin phosphatase activity was upregulated 2.2-fold by FBS, but KT, ED and ND decreased this upregulation (1.7-fold, 0.8-fold, and 0.7-fold with KT, ED and ND respectively). These results suggest that blockade of Ca2+ entry into cardiomyocytes via TCCs may block pathophysiological signaling pathways leading to hypertrophy as well as via LCCs. The mechanism may be the inhibition of calcineurin-mediated NFAT3 activation resulting in prevention of its translocation into the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. mhoriba@riem.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiba
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opthof
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Jong-Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kaichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Itsuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000378:metabolism; D006984:Hypertrophy; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D015737:Nisoldipine / Q000378:metabolism; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009498:Neurotoxins; D009596:Nitrophenols; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; C118444:kurtoxin; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; C066425:efonidipine; D015737:Nisoldipine; D019703:Calcineurin