title: Image monitoring for an intraperitoneal bleeding model of pigs using electrical impedance tomography.
abstract: Current medical imaging techniques are not effective for timely detection of internal hemorrhage when the bleeding is slow and in small quantities. In this study, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) was applied to monitor the intraperitoneal bleeding of an animal model. Five healthy pigs three months old were used. The process of intraperitoneal bleeding was simulated with the injection of anticoagulated blood which was controlled by an electronic syringe pump. The injected rate was no more than 100 ml h(-1) and the total injection volumes ranged from 300 ml to 500 ml. Sixteen electrodes were attached to the abdomen and used for electrical current excitation and surface voltage measurement. Dynamic changes in impedance distribution within the abdomen were calculated by the back-projection algorithm and a series of EIT images were displayed in a unified range. The monitoring was performed with EIT at a rate of one frame per second and continued for at least 4 h. Intraperitoneal blood volume changes could be identified by inspection of consecutive EIT images during the progression of blood injection. 30 ml of blood in the peritoneum could be detected. EIT was shown to be a promising technique for continuous monitoring of intraperitoneal bleeding over periods of time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wanjun
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fusheng
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hongyi
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xuetao
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruigang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Canhua
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiuzhen
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tingyi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010532:Peritoneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013552:Swine; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*