title: The pool of fast releasing vesicles is augmented by myosin light chain kinase inhibition at the calyx of Held synapse.
abstract: Synaptic strength is determined by release probability and the size of the readily releasable pool of docked vesicles. Here we describe the effects of blocking myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a cytoskeletal regulatory protein thought to be involved in myosin-mediated vesicle transport, on synaptic transmission at the mouse calyx of Held synapse. Application of three different MLCK inhibitors increased the amplitude of the early excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in a stimulus train, without affecting the late steady-state EPSCs. A presynaptic locus of action for MLCK inhibitors was confirmed by an increase in the frequency of miniature EPSCs that left their average amplitude unchanged. MLCK inhibition did not affect presynaptic Ca(2+) currents or action potential waveform. Moreover, Ca(2+) imaging experiments showed that [Ca(2+)](i) transients elicited by 100-Hz stimulus trains were not altered by MLCK inhibition. Studies using high-frequency stimulus trains indicated that MLCK inhibitors increase vesicle pool size, but do not significantly alter release probability. Accordingly, when AMPA-receptor desensitization was minimized, EPSC paired-pulse ratios were unaltered by MLCK inhibition, suggesting that release probability remains unaltered. MLCK inhibition potentiated EPSCs even when presynaptic Ca(2+) buffering was greatly enhanced by treating slices with EGTA-AM. In addition, MLCK inhibition did not affect the rate of recovery from short-term depression. Finally, developmental studies revealed that EPSC potentiation by MLCK inhibition starts at postnatal day 5 (P5) and remains strong during synaptic maturation up to P18. Overall, our data suggest that MLCK plays a crucial role in determining the size of the pool of synaptic vesicles that undergo fast release at a CNS synapse.
authors.affiliation: The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Jun Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Henrique
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Gersdorff
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016257:Fura-2; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009218:Myosins / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000187:drug effects; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007473:Ion Channels; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009219:Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase; D009218:Myosins; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2