title: 3,4-Dichloropropionanilide (DCPA) inhibits T-cell activation by altering the intracellular calcium concentration following store depletion.
abstract: Stimulation of T cells through the T-cell receptor results in the activation of a series of signaling pathways that leads to the secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and cell proliferation. Influx of calcium (Ca(2+)) from the extracellular environment, following internal Ca(2+) store depletion, provides the elevated and sustained intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) critical for optimal T-cell activation. Our laboratory has documented that exposure to the herbicide 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (DCPA) inhibits intracellular signaling events that have one or more Ca(2+) dependent steps. Herein we report that DCPA attenuates the normal elevated and sustained [Ca(2+)](i) that follows internal store depletion in the human leukemic Jurkat T cell line and primary mouse T cells. DCPA did not alter the depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores when stimulated by anti-CD3 or thapsigargin demonstrating that early inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-mediated signaling and depletion of Ca(2+) stores were unaffected. 2-Aminoethyldiphenol borate (2-APB) is known to alter the store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) influx that follows Ca(2+) store depletion. Exposure of Jurkat cells to either DCPA or 50 microM 2-APB attenuated the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) following thapsigargin or anti-CD3 induced store depletion in a similar manner. At low concentrations, 2-APB enhances SOC influx but this enhancement is abrogated in the presence of DCPA. This alteration in [Ca(2+)](i), when exposed to DCPA, significantly reduces nuclear levels of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and IL-2 secretion. The plasma membrane polarization profile is not altered by DCPA exposure. Taken together, these data indicate that DCPA inhibits T-cell activation by altering Ca(2+) homeostasis following store depletion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Viginia 26506, USA.
authors.forename: Tricia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brundage
authors.forename: Rodney A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brundage
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C480141:3,4-dichloropropionanilide; D000813:Anilides; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D019284:Thapsigargin; D002118:Calcium