Gender-specific proteomic responses in zebrafish liver following exposure to a selected mixture of brominated flame retardants.
Proteomic effect screening in zebrafish liver was performed to generate hypotheses following exposure (21 days) to a structurally diverse mixture of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Fish were exposed to two doses (10 and 100 nmol/g feed). Two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis, image analysis and MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry revealed 13 and 19 significant responses in males and females, respectively. Effects on proteins related to cellular maintenance and stress were observed in both genders. Regulated proteins were gender-specific, but functionally indicated common protective responses (peroxiredoxin 6 and Zgc:92891 in males and transketolase in females) suggesting oxidative stress. Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) was induced in both genders. In addition a female-specific downregulation of ironhomeostatic proteins (iron-regulatory protein 1 and transferrin) were observed. Our proteomic approach revealed novel responses that suggest important gender-specific sensitivity to BFRs that should be considered when interpreting adverse effects of BFRs.
Kling
P
P
Department of Zoology/Zoophysiology, Göteborg University, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. peter.kling@zool.gu.se
Norman
A
A
Andersson
P L
PL
Norrgren
L
L
Förlin
L
L
D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins