title: CD4(+) T cell responses to cytomegalovirus in early life: a prospective birth cohort study.
abstract: We compared cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and CD154 CD4(+) T cell responses of infants to those from chronically infected adults and from children aged 4-5 years. Magnitudes of the responses were similar, although coexpression of IFN-gamma plus CD154 occurred more than coexpression of IFN-gamma plus IL-2 or IL-2 plus CD154. Responses remained constant during infancy, although the proportion of IFN-gamma-producing cells increased from infancy to adulthood. Most responding cells in infants were undifferentiated (i.e., CD27(+)CD28(+)), although IFN-gamma-producing cells were disproportionately CD27(-). By 12 months after diagnosis, viremia was rarely detectable, indicating that CMV was controlled despite the slow development of CMV-specific CD4(+) T cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratories, Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia. djcm1@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: David J C
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Marianne van der
authors.initials: Mv
authors.lastname: Sande
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Olubukola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ojuola
authors.forename: Melba S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Palmero
authors.forename: Mariama
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanneh
authors.forename: Ebrima S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Touray
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waight
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowland-Jones
authors.forename: Hilton
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D007371:Interferon-gamma