title: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1-(4-sulfamylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-indolyl pyrazolines as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors.
abstract: A series of 20 novel 1-(4-sulfamylphenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-indolyl pyrazolines were designed, synthesized, and screened in vitro for anti-inflammatory activity. These compounds were designed for evaluation as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) and lipoxygenases (LOX-5, LOX-12, and LOX-15) that are responsible for inflammation and pain. All pyrazoline molecules prepared are optically active and compounds that are more potent in COX-2 inhibitory activity (5a and 5f) were resolved by chiral column and each enantiomer was tested for cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling and comparison of molecular models of 5a enantiomers with that of celecoxib model shows that 5a (enantiomer-1) and 5a (enantiomer-2) have more hydrogen bonding interactions in the catalytic domain of COX-2 enzyme than celecoxib. Compounds 5a, 5e, and 5f showed moderate to good LOX-5 and LOX-15 inhibitory activity and this is comparable to that of celecoxib and more potent than rofecoxib.
authors.affiliation: Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140-5101, USA. rreddy@temple.edu
authors.forename: M V Ramana
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Billa
authors.forename: Venkat R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Pallela
authors.forename: Muralidhar R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mallireddigari
authors.forename: Rengasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boominathan
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: E Premkumar
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D017611:Fluorine Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008745:Methylation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D017611:Fluorine Compounds; D007211:Indoles; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2