title: Effects of 900-MHz radio frequencies on the chemotaxis of human neutrophils in vitro.
abstract: The effects of radio frequency (RF) fields on the ability of human neutrophils to follow concentration gradients of Cyclic Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate (C-AMP) are reported. Blood from healthy adult donors was exposed in vitro to different temperatures and 900-MHz RF field at approximately 0.4 V/m. It was observed that the neutrophils' speed increased with increasing temperatures from 35 degrees to 40 degrees where it peaked and then decreased above 40 degrees without RF exposure. When 900-MHz RF field was applied, the speed increased above the value observed at the same temperature, and the maximum speed exceeded that measured value at any temperature by approximately 50%. The calculated temperature change resulting from the RF exposure was less than one microdegree. The direction of motion changed from along the concentration gradient and the electrical field lines to motion at right angles to the concentration gradient and the electric field. The average time for the neutrophils to respond to the effect of RF radiation was about 2.5 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0425, USA.
authors.forename: Ashraf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: Muhammad Imran
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: Murtuza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tambawala
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laterza
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kalani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rathnabharathi
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011829:Radiation Dosage