title: Verification of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors: generic detection of OPCW Schedule 1 nerve agent adducts to human butyrylcholinesterase.
abstract: Phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase is one of the most important biomarkers to verify an exposure to nerve agents, and it can be analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) by detection of a phosphylated nonapeptide that results after digestion of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with pepsin. For a sensitive analysis (low degree of BuChE inhibition), the identity of the cholinesterase inhibitor has to be known in order to use the LC-MS-MS instrument in the most sensitive selected reaction monitoring mode. In practice, the identity of the cholinesterase inhibitor will not be known beforehand, and the number of possible organophosphates is greater than 1000. However, the number of possible molecular masses of organophosphates is approximately 170. A method for which only 34 transitions in the multiple reaction monitoring mode have to be acquired in order to screen for an exposure to all Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Schedule 1 nerve agents was developed.
authors.affiliation: TNO Defence, Security, and Safety, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands. marcel.vanderschans@tno.nl
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Schans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fidder
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Oeveren
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hulst
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noort
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012524:Sarin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010434:Pepsin A; D010455:Peptides; D012524:Sarin; C009680:VX-agent; C009374:tabun; C053914:cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate