title: Employment and acceptance of hearing protectors in classical symphony and opera orchestras.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior to this study, it was not clear how familiar orchestral musicians were with the various insertable models of hearing protectors. The present study focuses on musicians and entertainers and proposes the maintenance of a noise exposure limit through the use of a hearing protector.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to musicians ( n = 429) in nine orchestras in order to obtain information on the use of hearing protection and the musicians' hearing sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing protectors were found to be seldom used by orchestral musicians. During orchestral rehearsals, < 1/6 of the test persons used Type 1 (individually fitted) hearing protectors although> 80% of the respondents indicated that they knew about them. A gap emerged between what seemed most important to musicians in hearing protectors and what was provided by the manufacturers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subject of hearing protection in orchestral musicians should be investigated with a multidimensional approach which considers the following in equal measure: legal regulations, the requirements and limits of the music sector and the individual characteristics of the musicians involved.
authors.affiliation: Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany. m.zander@fim.mh-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spahn
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004430:Ear Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace