title: Dermatological remedies in the traditional pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Bradano, inland southern Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dermatological remedies make up at least one-third of the traditional pharmacopoeia in southern Italy. The identification of folk remedies for the skin is important both for the preservation of traditional medical knowledge and in the search for novel antimicrobial agents in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Our goal is to document traditional remedies from botanical, animal, mineral and industrial sources for the topical treatment of skin ailments. In addition to SSTI remedies for humans, we also discuss certain ethnoveterinary applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Field research was conducted in ten communities in the Vulture-Alto Bradano area of the Basilicata province, southern Italy. We randomly sampled 112 interviewees, stratified by age and gender. After obtaining prior informed consent, we collected data through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and small focus groups techniques. Voucher specimens of all cited botanic species were deposited at FTG and HLUC herbaria located in the US and Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report the preparation and topical application of 116 remedies derived from 38 plant species. Remedies are used to treat laceration, burn wound, wart, inflammation, rash, dental abscess, furuncle, dermatitis, and other conditions. The pharmacopoeia also includes 49 animal remedies derived from sources such as pigs, slugs, and humans. Ethnoveterinary medicine, which incorporates both animal and plant derived remedies, is addressed. We also examine the recent decline in knowledge regarding the dermatological pharmacopoeia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The traditional dermatological pharmacopoeia of Vulture-Alto Bradano is based on a dynamic folk medical construct of natural and spiritual illness and healing. Remedies are used to treat more than 45 skin and soft tissue conditions of both humans and animals. Of the total 165 remedies reported, 110 have never before been published in the mainland southern Italian ethnomedical literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Ethnobiology and Natural Products, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St,, HLS 320, Miami, FL 33199, USA. cquav001@fiu.edu
authors.forename: Cassandra L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Quave
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pieroni
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D019448:Ethnobotany; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007558:Italy; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000145:classification; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*