title: Reduced incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with severe factor XI deficiency.
abstract: Inherited disorders of hemostasis are natural models for investigating mechanisms of thrombosis and development of antithrombotic therapy. Because mice with total factor XI deficiency are protected against ischemic stroke and do not manifest excessive bleeding, we investigated the incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with severe inherited factor XI deficiency. Incidence of ischemic stroke in 115 patients aged 45 years or more with severe factor XI deficiency (activity less than 15 U/dL) was compared with incidence in the Israeli population as estimated from a stroke survey of 1528 patients. Adjustment for major risk factors of stroke (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, current smoking) was based on comparison of their prevalence in the stroke survey to an Israeli health survey of 9509 subjects. Incidence of myocardial infarction in the factor XI cohort was also recorded. After adjustment for the 4 major risk factors of ischemic stroke, the expected incidence of ischemic stroke was 8.56 compared with one observed (P = .003). The reduced 1:115 incidence of ischemic stroke contrasted with a 19:115 incidence of myocardial infarction, similar to the expected incidence. Thus, severe factor XI deficiency probably is protective against ischemic stroke but not against acute myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: The Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ophira
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Nira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koren-Morag
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seligsohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005172:Factor XI / Q000235:genetics; D005173:Factor XI Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D005172:Factor XI