title: Association analysis of allelic variants of USF1 in coronary atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  USF1 regulates the transcription of more than 40 cardiovascular related genes and is well established as a gene associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia, a condition increasing the risk for coronary heart disease. No detailed data, however, exists on the impact of this gene to the critical outcome at the tissue level: different types of atherosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed the USF1 in 2 autopsy series of altogether 700 middle-aged men (the Helsinki Sudden Death Study) with quantitative morphometric measurements of coronary atherosclerosis. SNP rs2516839, tagging common USF1 haplotypes, associated with the presence of several types of atherosclerotic lesions, particularly with the proportion of advanced atherosclerotic plaques (P=0.02) and area of calcified lesions (P<0.001) of the coronary arteries. Importantly, carriers of risk alleles of rs2516839 also showed a 2-fold risk for sudden cardiac death (genotype TT versus CC; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.75, P=0.04). The risk effect of rs2516839 was present also in aorta samples of the men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings in this unique study sample suggest that USF1 contributes to atherosclerosis, the pathological arterial wall phenotype resulting in coronary heart disease and in its most dramatic consequence-sudden cardiac death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ilveskoski
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perola
authors.forename: Pekka J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Karhunen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497181:USF1 protein, human; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors