title: Clinical course of kidney transplant patients with acute rejection and BK virus replication following Campath therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney transplant recipients with active BK virus (BKV) replication are generally treated with reduction in immunosuppression to allow a successful immune response against the virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We inadvertently administered Campath to two patients with BKV viruria, and one patient with BKV nephropathy, since allograft biopsies showed severe tubulitis or intimal arteritis, and results of PCR and in situ hybridization were not available at the time of therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased viral replication was observed, but not uniformly in all cases, and follow-up biopsies showed nephropathy in one additional case. Extra-renal dissemination did not occur. With subsequent reduction of immunosuppression or antiviral therapy, it was still possible to obtain clearance of viremia in all cases. Serum creatinine fell transiently after Campath in one patient; however, at one yr post-treatment all had increased levels over baseline. One graft was lost to persistent acute rejection that led to interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases suggest that Campath treatment does not (i) irreversibly deplete cells believed to be important in mounting an immune response against BKV, or (ii) preclude subsequent eradication of viral DNA from the blood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. liisekayler@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Liise K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Kayler
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohanka
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Parmjeet S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Randhawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001739:BK Virus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D000074323:Alemtuzumab