title: Time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the enhancement of working memory.
abstract: The time-dependent effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on working memory was investigated by applying anodal stimulation over the left prefrontal cortex. This single-blind, sham-controlled crossover study recruited 15 healthy participants. A three-back verbal working-memory task was performed before, during, and 30 min after 1 mA anodal or sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS, compared with sham stimulation, significantly improved working-memory performance. Accuracy of response was significantly increased after 20 min of tDCS application, and was further enhanced after 30 min of stimulation. This effect was maintained for 30 min after the completion of stimulation. These results suggest that tDCS at 1 mA enhances working memory in a time-dependent manner for at least 30 min in healthy participants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division for Neurorehabilitation, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ohn
authors.forename: Chang-Il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo-Kyoung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Myoung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kyung Pil
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gyeong-Moon
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Taek
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000528:radiation effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors