title: Validation of a questionnaire assessing patient's aesthetic and functional outcome after nasal reconstruction: the patient NAFEQ-score.
abstract: In determining patient satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcome after reconstructive surgery, including nasal reconstruction, standardised assessment instruments are very important. These standardised tools are needed to adequately evaluate and compare outcome results. Since no such instrument existed for nasal reconstruction, a standardised evaluation questionnaire was developed to assess aesthetic and functional outcome after nasal reconstruction. Items of the Nasal Appearance and Function Evaluation Questionnaire (NAFEQ) were derived from both the literature and experiences with patients. The NAFEQ was validated on 30 nasal reconstruction patients and a reference group of 175 people. A factor analysis confirmed the arrangement of the questionnaire in two subscales: functional and aesthetic outcome. High Cronbach's alpha values (>0.70) for both subscales showed that the NAFEQ was an internally consistent instrument. This study demonstrated that the NAFEQ can be used as a standardised questionnaire for detailed evaluation of aesthetic and functional outcome after nasal reconstruction. Its widespread use would enable comparison of results achieved by different techniques, surgeons and centres in a standardised fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moolenburgh
authors.forename: M A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mureau
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Duivenvoorden
authors.forename: S O P
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome