title: Recurrent glomerulonephritis after renal transplantation: an unsolved problem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite advances in prevention of acute rejection and improved short- and long-term kidney graft survival, recurrent glomerulonephritis remains problematic and poorly characterized. This study analyzed prevalence and outcome of recurrent glomerulonephritis from various registries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Definition, classification, and limitations in evaluating epidemiology of native and recurrent glomerulonephritis are discussed. Epidemiology of native glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal failure and subsequent recurrence of individual glomerulonephritis was evaluated using data from various registries, and pathogenesis of individual glomerulonephritis is discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of data from transplant registries revealed that glomerulonephritis is an important cause of end-stage renal disease in white and pediatric recipients; however, glomerulonephritis as the cause of end-stage renal disease is not characterized well in black recipients, and many of them are perhaps labeled to have hypertensive nephrosclerosis as the cause of renal disease without renal biopsy. A systematic approach toward urinalysis after transplantation and utility of immunofluorescence and electron microscopic examination of renal biopsy tissues will identify the true prevalence of recurrent glomerulonephritis. Data on recurrent glomerulonephritis should be compiled by either using registry analysis or pooling data from multiple centers. This will provide true data on prevalence and outcome and could potentially initiate translational research studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent glomerulonephritis is critical to optimize prevention as well as to treat individual recurrent glomerulonephritis, which can enhance long-term graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Golgert
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: Sundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hariharan
mesh_terms: D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D009626:Terminology as Topic