title: Effects of phosphoric acid pretreatment and substitution of bonding resin on bonding effectiveness of self-etching systems to enamel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the etching efficacy of three self-etching systems to unconditioned enamel and to phosphoric-acid conditioned enamel using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to investigate the microtensile bond strength (muTBS) of three self-etching adhesives to unconditioned enamel used according to the manufacturers' instructions, on phosphoric-acid conditioned enamel, and when their different adhesives were replaced with a control resin after etching.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clearfil SE Bond (CSE), Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus (TY), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD) were employed. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SBMP), an etch-and-rinse adhesive, was used as control. For muTBS evaluation, the buccal or lingual mid-coronal enamel of 30 molars was used. In the first group, self-etching adhesives were applied conventionally, according to manufacturers' directions (group C). A second group of specimens was etched with 35% phosphoric acid before application of the self-etching adhesives (group PA), and the third group of specimens was etched with the self-etching adhesives, rinsed, but bonded using a control bonding resin (group CR). Following restoration with Z250, they were sectioned into beams (0.8 mm2), and stressed to failure. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The etching efficacy of the self-etching adhesives, phosphoric acid, and prior phosphoric acid + SE application was evaluated under SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All self-etching adhesives applied as recommended by the manufacturers showed lower muTBS values than those obtained in PA and CR groups, although this difference was only significant for TY and AD. The means of all self-etching adhesives under PA and CR groups were similar to SBMP. The enamel conditioned with self-etching adhesive showed a less distinct pattern. CSE exhibited the mildest etching pattern. All self-etching adhesives applied after phosphoric acid exhibited a more retentive etching pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bond strength values of low-pH self-etching adhesives can be improved by the adjunctive use of phosphoric acid or replacement of the bonding resin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Operative Dentistry, University of Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rotta
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.forename: Sandra Kiss
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Rosa Helena Miranda
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Leandro Augusto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.forename: Luiz Narciso
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Baratieri
authors.forename: Alessandro Dourado
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C444701:Filtek Z250; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C481138:Tyrian SPE; C030242:phosphoric acid