title: Predicted distribution and movement of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the wet and dry seasons in the Kogo trypanosomiasis focus (Equatorial Guinea).
abstract: The aim of this study was to predict the distribution and movement of populations of the tsetse fly, Glossina palpalis palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae), in the wet and dry seasons and to analyze the impact of the use of mono-pyramidal traps on fly populations in the Kogo focus in 2004 and 2005. Three Glossina species are present in Kogo: Glossina palpalis palpalis, major HAT vector in West-Central Africa, Glossina caliginea, and Glossina tabaniformis. The apparent density (AD) of G. p. palpalis clearly fell from 1.23 tsetse/trap/day in July 2004 to 0.27 in December 2005. A significant reduction in the mean AD for this species was noted between seasons and years. The diversity of Glossina species was relatively low at all the sampling points; G. p. palpalis clearly predominated over the other species and significantly dropped as a consequence of control activities. The predictive models generated for the seasonal AD showed notable differences not only in the density but in the distribution of the G. p. palpalis population between the rainy and dry season. The mono-pyramidal traps have proven to be an effective instrument for reducing the density of the tsetse fly populations, although given that the Kogo trypanosomiasis focus extends from the southern Equatorial Guinea to northern Gabon, interventions need to be planned on a larger scale, involving both countries, to guarantee the long-term success of control.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Tropical Medicine and International Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Descalzo
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ndong-Mabale
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ndong-Asumu
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bobuakasi
authors.forename: Sisinio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nzambo-Ondo
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benito
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roche
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D016703:Equatorial Guinea; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D008297:Male; D011156:Population Density; D012621:Seasons; D014352:Trypanosomiasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014370:Tsetse Flies