title: Imaging characteristics of DHOG, a hepatobiliary contrast agent for preclinical microCT in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to assess the imaging characteristics and pharmacokinetics of 1,3-Bis-[7-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)-heptanoyl]-2-oleoyl glycerol (DHOG, Fenestra LC), a hepatobiliary contrast agent for microCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the abdomen of 18 female C3H mice in a MicroCAT II microCT scanner before contrast agent injection and at multiple time points up to 48 hours after intravenous injection of DHOG (1 g I/kg body weight). The contrast agent effect was determined quantitatively and dynamically by measuring pre- and postcontrast Hounsfield units (HU) of the liver, aorta, spleen, and kidneys. Based on additional phantom measurements, the reproducibility of lesion detection was estimated for different lesion sizes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DHOG caused a marked early postcontrast enhancement of blood in the aorta and a very high enhancement of the spleen, both slowly declined after 90 minutes. The liver parenchyma showed a slow contrast agent accumulation and clearly increased HU data between 3 and 7 hours after injection. No significant renal parenchymal enhancement or excretion was noticed. At early time points after administration, DHOG exhibits characteristics of a macromolecular contrast agent by demonstrating a blood pool effect. At later time points, DHOG provides a prolonged, marked liver enhancement on microCT images due to its specific liver uptake. For a lesion size of 1 mm diameter, the variability in between two scans was 27.7 HU (P < .05) and the variability for different planes of one scan was 19.8 HU (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHOG yields a very good visualization of the liver and delineation of the surrounding structures with a long plateau. It is a very suitable contrast agent for liver imaging in mice for microCT imaging. The presented protocol provides a high reproducibility for lesion detection with a relatively low radiation dose.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry St., Suite # 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. tobias.henning@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henning
authors.forename: Axel W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Jan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Janette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prevrhal
authors.forename: Sibylle I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Hubertus
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feussner
authors.forename: Heike E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Daldrup-Link
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rummeny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001027:Aortography; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007456:Iodine Isotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013154:Spleen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: C101471:2-oleoylglycerol-1,3-bis(7-(3-amino-2,4-6-triiodophenyl)heptanoate); D003287:Contrast Media; D007456:Iodine Isotopes; D014280:Triglycerides