title: Linoleic acid metabolite levels and transepidermal water loss in children with atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with impaired delta-6 desaturase activity and the subsequent altered composition of n-6 essential fatty acids (EFAs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether n-6 EFA deficiency accounts for AD by affecting transepidermal water loss or the immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of n-6 EFAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a well-defined group of 35 children with AD (IgE level >150 U/mL); 35 age-matched children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both (IgE level >150 U/mL); and 31 nonatopic controls (IgE level <100 U/mL). Skin barrier function was evaluated by measuring transepidermal water loss and severity of AD by computing the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atopic children had higher levels of linoleic acid (LA) and lower levels of its metabolites. Furthermore, gamma-linolenic acid to LA and dihommo-gamma-linolenic acid to LA ratios were significantly reduced in atopic patients. Transepidermal water loss and the SCORAD index were negatively correlated with serum levels of LA metabolites. There was no correlation between the SCORAD index and IgE level (P = .51) or between n-6 EFA concentrations and IgE level (P > .10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deficits in n-6 EFAs were correlated with the severity of AD by affecting skin barrier function and cutaneous inflammation. The link between impaired n-6 EFA metabolism and IgE level could not be defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiung-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Yang-Shia
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yao-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li-Chieh
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jyh-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bor-Luen
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology*; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid