The mechanism of RNase III action: how dicer dices.
Members of the Ribonuclease III (RNase III) family are double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonucleases, characterized by a signature motif in their active centers and a 2-nucleotide (nt) 3' overhang in their products. Dicer functions as a dsRNA-processing enzyme, producing small interfering RNA (siRNA) of approx. 24 nt in length (approx. 20-basepair RNA duplex with a 2-nt 3' overhang on each end). Bacterial RNase III functions not only as a processing enzyme, but also as a binding protein that binds dsRNA without cleaving it. As a processing enzyme it produces siRNA-like RNA of approx. 13 nt in length (approx. 9-basepair duplex with a 2-nt 3' overhang on each end) as well as various types of mature RNA. Dicer is structurally most complicated member of the family; bacterial RNase III is comparatively much simpler. One structure is known for Dicer in its RNA-free form (MacRae, Zhou, Li, Repic, Brooks, Cande, Adams, and Doudna, Science 311:195-198); many structures are available for bacterial RNase III, including the first catalytic complex of the entire family (Gan, Tropea, Austin, Court, Waugh, and Ji, Cell 124:355-366). In light of the structural and biochemical information on the RNase III proteins and the structure of a non-Dicer PAZ (Piwi Argonaute Zwille) domain in complex with a 7-basepair RNA duplex with a 2-nt 3' overhang on each end (Ma, Ye, and Patel, Nature 429:318-322), the structure and function of Dicer is being elucidated.
Ji
Xinhua
X
Macromolecular Crystallography laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA. jix@ncifcrf.gov
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006801:Humans; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism; D043244:Ribonuclease III / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism
D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D043244:Ribonuclease III