title: Negative regulation of the Wnt signal by MM-1 through inhibiting expression of the wnt4 gene.
abstract: We have reported that a novel c-Myc-binding protein, MM-1, repressed the E-box-dependent transcription activity of c-Myc through TIF1beta/KAP1, a transcriptional corepressor, and that the c-fms gene was a target gene involved in this pathway. We have also reported that a mutation of A157R in MM-1, which is often observed in patients with leukemia or lymphoma, abrogated all of the repressive activities of MM-1 toward c-Myc, indicating that MM-1 is a novel tumor suppressor. In this study, to further identify target genes of MM-1, DNA microarray analysis was carried out by comparing expression levels of genes in MM-1 knockdown and parental cells, and the wnt4 gene, a member of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway, was identified as a target gene of MM-1. Increased expression level of the wnt4 gene, accumulation and translocation of beta-catenin to the cytoplasm and nucleus, and upregulation of TCF/Lef-1, a target protein of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway, were found in MM-1 knockdown cells. Reporter assays using various deletion constructs of the wnt4 gene promoter showed that MM-1 recognized the region spanning -286 to -229 from a transcription start site, and MM-1 complex was found to bind to this region by chromatin immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, it was found that Egr-1 and MM-1 were bound to this region and that both proteins mutually down-regulate promoter activity of the wnt4 gene. Since the c-myc gene is the target gene of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway, these findings suggest that MM-1 inhibits c-Myc by a dual mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagio
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sanae M M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Iguchi-Ariga
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ariga
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D060528:Wnt4 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; C115636:PFDN5 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C555581:WNT4 protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060528:Wnt4 Protein; D051176:beta Catenin