title: Viable testis after retroperitoneal mass cord ligation in internal ring of inguinal canal in 15 kidney recipients: five years of experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sometimes in spermatic cord handling procedures like varicocelectomy, hernioraphy, and vasectomy, there is concern about perfusion of the testis. Herein we have presented our experience with retroperitoneal mass ligation of the cord in kidney recipients. Between 2001 and 2006, we performed mass ligation of the spermatic cord, including vas deferens and all spermatic vessels, in 15 kidney recipients (older than 55 years) who gave informed consent. During retroperitoneal preparation of the Iliac fossa for allografting, we performed this maneuver next to the internal ring of the inguinal canal. After performing a J incision in the right iliac fossa, separating fascia, and pushing the peritoneum medially, we isolated the spermatic cord at the internal ring of the inguinal canal for transfixation and placing the allografted kidney in retroperitoneal position with anastomoses of the iliac vessels. Posttransplantation the scrotum of patients was followed up by color Doppler ultrasound and physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal circulation was detected in the testis postoperation using color Doppler ultrasound evaluation. Six patients returned with hydrocoeles between 4 and 8 months after transplantation and 3 of them underwent hydrocoelectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mass ligation of the spermatic cord (preinternal ring of inguinal canal) did not disturb the circulation to the testis severely nor did it induce ischemic problems (atrophy). This study suggested an unknown connection between vessels of the cord and other vessels that supply blood to the testis. This study questions the safety of cryo-biopsy of a testis mass by high clamping of the cord and also suggests that vasectomy may be safe in patients with a history of a standard Palomo varicocoelectomy.
authors.affiliation: Urology & Kidney Transplantation Ward, Imam Hospital, Tabriz Medical Science University, Tbrize, Iran. dr_afshar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zomorrodi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buhluli
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery*; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000601:surgery*; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply