title: Sonochemical method for producing titanium metal powder.
abstract: We demonstrate a sonochemical method for producing titanium metal powder. The method uses low intensity ultrasound in a hydrocarbon solvent at near-ambient temperatures to first create a colloidal suspension of liquid sodium-potassium alloy in the solvent and then to reduce liquid titanium tetrachloride to titanium metal under cavitation conditions. XRD data collected for the reaction products after the solvent removal show only NaCl and KCl, with no diffraction peaks attributable to titanium metal or other titanium compounds, indicating either the formation of amorphous metal or extremely small crystallite size. TEM micrographs show that hollow spheres formed of halide salts and titanium metal, with diameters with diameters ranging from 100 to 500 nm and a shell thickness of 20 to 40 nm form during the synthesis, suggesting that the sonochemical reaction occurs inside the liquid shell surrounding the cavitation bubbles. Metal particle sizes are estimated to be significantly smaller than 40 nm from TEM data. XRD data of the powder after annealing and prior to removal of the alkali chloride salts provides direct evidence that titanium metal was formed during the sonochemical synthesis.
authors.affiliation: General Motors Research and Development Center, 30500 Mound Road, M/C 480-102-000, Warren, MI 48090-9055, USA. Ion.C.Halalay@gm.com
authors.forename: Ion C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Halalay
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Balogh