title: Botulinum toxin pretreatment augments the weakening effect of injection with ricin-mAb35 in rabbit extraocular muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine force generation and duration of effect of botulinum toxin pretreatment, followed by injection of ricin-mAb35 in extraocular muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  In normal adult rabbits, one superior rectus muscle was injected with either 5 units botulinum toxin or 1/50 maximally tolerated dose for rats (rMTD) of ricin-mAb35. Additional rabbits were first injected with 5 units botulinum toxin, and after 1, 2, or 4 weeks the same muscle was injected with either 1/10 or 1/50 rMTD ricin-mAb35. In each treatment group, the contralateral muscle was injected with an equal volume of saline. After 12 weeks (1/50 rMTD) or 6 months (1/10 rMTD), the rabbits were euthanized. Both SR muscles were removed and assayed physiologically, using an in vitro apparatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve weeks after treatment with either botulinum toxin or immunotoxin alone, only ricin-mAb35-treated muscles were weaker than control muscles at tetanic stimulation frequencies. Pretreatment with botulinum toxin prior to injection with immunotoxin, especially at shorter intervals between injections, resulted in significant decreases in twitch and tetanic force generation compared with controls and muscles treated with ricin-mAb35 only or botulinum toxin only. At 6 months, force generation was decreased from control only in muscles treated with the higher dose of ricin-mAb35. Botulinum toxin pretreatment did not augment this effect at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors caused by botulinum toxin pretreatment amplifies the reduction of force generation in extraocular muscle following secondary injection of the immunotoxin ricin-mAb35 within 3 months of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McLoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005221:Fatigue; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012276:Ricin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013742:Tetanus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D012276:Ricin; D001905:Botulinum Toxins