title: Assessment of seasonal variability of biomarkers in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) from a low contaminated stream: implication for environmental biomonitoring.
abstract: In this study, wild three-spined sticklebacks were sampled every six weeks, between April and October, in a low contaminated stream. For all fish, physiological indexes, such as condition factor, hepato-, gonado- and nephro-somatic index were calculated to determine fish condition and reproductive status. Moreover, a set of biomarkers including biotransformation enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption markers was measured. The results allowed to determine biomarker variability due to fish gender or sampling season. For example, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, glutathione peroxidase as well as vitellogenin and spiggin exhibited strong gender differences. Conversely, lipoperoxidation and acethylcholinesterase activity were characterised by a lack of gender and seasonal variation, and can be considered as more robust parameters for a field application. The present work allowed to establish practical guideline for biomarker measurements in wild sticklebacks and to define a reference system which can be used to analyze variations in future monitoring studies.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'Evaluation des Risques Ecotoxicologiques, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France. Wilfried.Sanchez@ineris.fr
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.forename: Jean-Maxence
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ditche
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Porcher
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012621:Seasons; D023701:Smegmamorpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D029941:Fish Proteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014819:Vitellogenins; D015262:Xenobiotics; C429543:spiggin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D005978:Glutathione