title: Unusual forms of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.
abstract: Over 95% of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) rupture into the retroperitoneal space. Rare types of AAA ruptures comprise ruptures into the inferior vena cava with aortocaval fistula formation (ACF), ruptures into the duodenum with formation of a primary aortoduodenal fistula (ADF), and chronic contained ruptures (CCRs). This article presents a study of 41 cases with unusual forms of ruptured AAA of a series of 506 patients with AAA rupture treated within a 14-year period. There were 11 cases of CCR, 5 cases with ADF, and 25 cases with ACF. The correct preoperative diagnosis was established in 6 (of 11) cases of CCR, in 2 (of 5) cases of primary ADF, and in 13 (of 25) cases of ACF. AAA replacement was performed in 8 cases using a tube graft, whereas a bifurcated graft was used in 31 patients because of the distant extent of the atherosclerotic/aneurysmatic lesions engaging iliac arteries. Two patients had an axillobifemoral bypass. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 19% (8 of 41), with subgroup mortality rates of 0 (CCR), 60% (ADF), and 20% (ACF). Diagnosis and treatment are simplest in cases of CCR and the most complicated in cases of ADF.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Vascular Surgery, Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. lazard@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Lazar B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Davidović
authors.forename: Miroslav D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marković
authors.forename: Nenad S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jakovljević
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cvetković
authors.forename: Ilija B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Kuzmanović
authors.forename: Dragan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marković
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000601:surgery