Palladium nanoclusters supported on propylurea-modified siliceous mesocellular foam for coupling and hydrogenation reactions.
This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and applications of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on siliceous mesocellular foam (MCF). Pd nanoparticles of 2-3 nm and 4-6 nm were used in reactions involving molecular hydrogen (such as hydrogenation of double bonds and reductive amination), transfer hydrogenation of ketones and epoxides, and coupling reactions (such as Heck and Suzuki reactions). They successfully catalyzed all these reactions with excellent yield and selectivity. This heterogeneous catalyst was easily recovered by filtration, and recycled several times without any significant loss in activity and selectivity. The palladium leaching in the reactions was determined to be much less than the FDA-approved limit of 5 ppm. Furthermore, the catalyst can be stored and handled under normal atmospheric conditions. This immobilized catalyst allows for ease of recovery/reuse and minimization of waste generation, which are of great interest in the development of green chemical processes.
Erathodiyil
Nandanan
N
Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
Ooi
Samuel
S
Seayad
Abdul M
AM
Han
Yu
Y
Lee
Su Seong
SS
Ying
Jackie Y
JY
D000438:Alcohols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D004952:Esters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004987:Ethers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000737:chemistry; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
D000438:Alcohols; D000475:Alkenes; D004952:Esters; D004987:Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D007659:Ketones; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; C017680:propylurea; D010165:Palladium; D006859:Hydrogen; D014508:Urea