title: Changing epidemiology of HCV and HBV infections in Northern Italy: a survey in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in the general population of Northern Italy, a cohort of 965 subjects, all residents (including 47 immigrants), were anonymously tested for HBV and HCV infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were assayed for anti-HCV and anti-HBV markers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for HCV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction, and the positive cases were genotyped. HBsAg-positive cases were assayed for HBeAg/anti-HBe, whereas HBsAg negatives were tested for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 2.6%, with a bimodal distribution characterized by the highest prevalence (12%) in subjects over 75 years old. None of the subjects under 25 years old was anti-HCV positive. Anti-HCV positivity was similar in males and females (2.4% vs. 2.7%). HCV-RNA was positive in 40% of cases and genotype 1 was the most common. The HBsAg prevalence was 1%, with a significant difference according to country of origin (0.8% in Italian subjects vs. 6.4% in immigrants, P=0.01). HBsAg positivity increased significantly with age (R2=0.57, P<0.02). The overall percentages for the prevalence of isolated anti-HBs, anti-HBs+/anti-HBc+, and isolated anti-HBc were 23.8%, 8.4%, and 4.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provides a new picture of HCV and HBV epidemiology in Northern Italy, with these features: (1) a cohort effect showing a reduction of HCV infection in the elderly, possible due to age-related mortality; (2) an unchanged overall prevalence of HBV infection, despite continuing immigration of subjects from endemic countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. pfabris@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baldo
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baldovin
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bellotto
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rassu
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trivello
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tramarin
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tositti
authors.forename: Annarosa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Floreani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral