title: Acute heart failure in the emergency department: short and long-term outcomes of elderly patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous epidemiologic studies of acute heart failure (AHF) have involved patients admitted to hospital and fail to account for that unknown proportion discharged directly from the emergency department (ED). We examined discharge rates, and whether outcomes, including mortality, differed based on admission status in AHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This population-based cohort included all patients > or =65 years presenting to an Alberta ED with HF (ICD9-CM 428.x; 1998 to 2001). Patients were either not admitted (Not-ADM) or directly admitted to hospital (ADM) and followed for one-year. Of 10,415 AHF patients evaluated in the ED, 35% were Not-ADM whereas 65% were ADM. Thirty days after ED presentation the rates of death, re-ED or initial/re-hospitalisation were 3.3%, 44% and 19% for Not-ADM, and 10.9%, 33% and 21% for the ADM patients, respectively (all p<0.0001). At one-year, the rates of death, re-ED or initial/re-hospitalisation were 20%, 82% and 58% for Not-ADM, and 34%, 72% and 60% for ADM, respectively (all p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One third of AHF patients were not immediately admitted after an ED visit but most present again to the ED, two-thirds were hospitalised and 20% died within the first year. Our findings provide new impetus to undertake risk assessment and treatment strategies in the ED for AHF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Alberta, Canada. justin.ezekowitz@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ezekowitz
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bakal
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Westerhout
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome