title: Ablative and reconstructive robotic-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increasing role of robotic technology to facilitate surgical procedures has attracted much attention from surgeons and patients alike. In particular, the dramatic increase in the number of laparoscopic radical prostatectomies performed using the da Vinci surgical system has led to interest in using this technology for other procedures. We have evaluated our own experience performing ablative and reconstructive laparoscopic renal surgery using the da Vinci system to determine its potential role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review our experience of robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures of the upper urinary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our da Vinci system was installed in June 2004. A prospective database has been maintained concerning all patients and procedures performed from that time. Procedures involving the upper urinary tract were identified and the data was examined. This included patient demographics, operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and patient outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six robotic procedures involved the upper urinary tract. Of these, two had to be converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery because of da Vinci mechanical failure. Robotic-assisted procedures included pyeloplasty (n = 15), simple nephrectomy (n = 2), radical nephrectomy (n = 1), nephroureterectomy (n = 2), and live donor nephrectomy (n = 4). The mean operative time was 215 min. The anastomotic time for the pyeloplasties averaged 47 min. The mean blood loss was 75 ml. There were no conversions to open surgery. The complication rate was 8.7%. Postoperative stay averaged 2.9 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The da Vinci surgical system may be safely used to assist in the performance of laparoscopic renal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK. decmurphy@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsburgh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamode
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*