title: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after solid organ transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is known to occur after solid organ transplantation (SOT), potentially associated with cyclosporine and tacrolimus. In this study, we assess the frequency and clinical and imaging characteristics of PRES after SOT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 27 patients (13 men and 14 women; age range, 22-72 years) who developed PRES after SOT. Features noted included SOT subtype, incidence and timing of PRES, infection and rejection, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and toxicity brain edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRES developed in 21 (0.49%) of 4222 patients who underwent transplantation within the study period (no significant difference among SOT subtypes). Transplantation was performed in 5 patients before the study period, and 1 patient underwent transplantation elsewhere. In consideration of all 27 patients, PRES typically developed in the first 2 months in patients who had SOT of the liver (9 of 10 patients) and was associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV), mild rejection, or systemic bacterial infection. PRES also typically developed after 1 year in patients who had SOT of the kidney (8 of 9 patients) and was associated with moderate rejection or bacterial infection. Toxicity MAP was significantly lower (P < .001) in liver transplants (average MAP, 104.8 +/- 16 mm Hg) compared with that in kidney transplants (average MAP, 143 +/- 20 mm Hg). Toxicity brain edema was significantly greater (P < .001) in patients who had liver transplants and developed PRES compared with patients who had undergone kidney transplants despite severe hypertension in those who had the kidney transplants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who had undergone SOTs have a similar low incidence of developing PRES. Differences between those who have had liver and kidney transplants included time after transplant, toxicity MAP, and PRES vasogenic edema noted at presentation. In patients who have undergone kidney transplants, severely elevated MAP was associated with reduced, not greater, brain edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Pittsburgh, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. bartynskiws@upmc.edu
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Bartynski
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus