title: The constituent equations of piezoelectric heterogeneous bimorphs.
abstract: The electromechanical characteristics of a heterogeneous piezoelectric bender subjected to various electrical and mechanical boundary conditions are discussed based on the results of the free bender analysis. The mechanical boundary conditions considered are: a mechanical moment at the end of the bender, a force applied perpendicularly to the tip of the bender, and a uniform load applied over the entire length of the bender. The constituent equations of the bender under these electromechanical influences are derived by calculating the internal energy assuming thermodynamic equilibrium.
authors.affiliation: Coll. of Eng., Boston Univ., MA.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi