title: Insulin glargine improves glycaemic control after coronary surgery in patients with diabetes or pre-diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine if pre-emptive daily insulin glargine surpasses regular insulin when needed for glycaemic control after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study of 43 patients (scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting) with preoperatively diagnosed diabetes (DM) or pre-DM. Lantus group received insulin glargine daily from start of surgery while Actrapid group received regular insulin (sliding scale) when needed (plasma glucose (P-glu)>10 mmol/l). Primary endpoint was percent of pre- and post-prandial P-glu values within Target Intervals: Pre-prandial P-glu: 4.5-7 mmol/l; post-prandial P-glu: 4.5-9 mmol/l. Study period 1-4 days after surgery. Tissue glucose was also measured continuously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than twice as many P-glu values were within Target Interval for Lantus patients as compared with Actrapid patients (p<0.001). One of 504 timed measurements was <4 mmol/l. Area under the curve for glucose>7 mmol/l was reduced by 61% by Lantus (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The routine protocol with pre-emptive glargine insulin studied here provides a major improvement in glycaemic control with a minimal incidence of hypoglycaemia and without an excessive increase in nursing burden.
authors.affiliation: Section for Cardiothoracic Surgery & Anaesthesiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagelberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ivert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Efendić
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohrvik
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine