title: Repeated surgery for glioblastoma multiforme: only in combination with other salvage therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects, frequency, and complications of repeated surgical resection for GBM relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 32 patients with tumor recurrence, derived from a total of 126 consecutive patients with prior GBM, treated between 1999 and 2005 in the VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands, were retrospectively studied. Survival, functional status, morbidity, and mortality after starting salvage therapy for recurrent GBM were studied. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and log-rank statistics were used for group comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 32 patients with recurrent primary GBM, 20 received repeated surgery as salvage therapy. In 11 (55%) cases, repeated surgery was followed by CT or SRS. Nine (45%) patients receiving only repeated surgery showed significantly lower survival rates compared with the aforementioned 11 cases. The remaining 12 patients received only salvage CT or SRS and showed a significantly prolonged survival compared with the 9 cases receiving repeated surgery only. Surgical morbidity was 15%, and surgical mortality, 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite inherent selection bias, this retrospective analysis suggests that repeated surgery for GBM relapse should only be considered in patients with severe symptoms and if additional salvage treatment can be administered postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. es.mandl@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mandl
authors.forename: C M F
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dirven
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Buis
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Postma
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Vandertop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome