title: Evaluation of iron status in lemurs by analysis of serum iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess serum iron and ferritin concentrations, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation as indicators of iron metabolic status in 3 genera of lemurs and determine whether these variables are useful for screening for iron overload.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), 11 black lemurs (Eulemur macaco macaco), and 11 red-ruffed lemurs (Varecia rubra).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected weekly for 3 weeks and assayed for serum iron and ferritin concentrations and total iron-binding capacity. Liver biopsy specimens were evaluated histologically and assayed for total iron, nonheme iron, and trace mineral concentrations. Deposition of iron was scored on Prussian blue-stained slides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic iron content ranged from 497 to 12,800 Pg/g dry weight (median, 2,165 Pg/g). Differences were seen in mean hepatic iron content across genera, with ruffed lemurs having the highest concentrations and ring-tailed lemurs having the lowest. Iron accumulation in the liver was mild, and cellular pathologic changes associated with iron storage disease were not detected in any lemur. Ferritin concentration was the only variable that correlated significantly with hepatic iron content in all 3 genera of lemurs; however, both transferrin saturation and serum iron concentration were correlated with hepatic iron concentration in ring-tailed and ruffed lemurs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum ferritin concentration was the only variable that was consistently correlated with hepatic iron content in all 3 genera. Mean hepatic iron content varied across genera, suggesting that the propensity for lemurs to develop iron overload in captivity may vary across taxa.
authors.affiliation: Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: Cathy V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Randall E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Junge
authors.forename: Ilse H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Stalis
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007900:Lemur / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012016:Reference Values; D013045:Species Specificity; D014168:Transferrin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D014168:Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron