title: Enhanced nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation plays a role in the anti-platelet activity of simvastatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been found that 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) exert various vascular protective effects, beyond their cholesterol-lowering property, including inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombus formation. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP-mediated processes in platelets contribute to the anti-aggregatory activity of simvastatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  After rabbit platelets were incubated with simvastatin for 5 min, aggregation was induced and the platelet aggregation, nitric oxide synthase activity, guanylyl cyclase activity, NO and cyclic GMP formation were measured appropriately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with simvastatin concentration-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen or arachidonic acid with an IC(50) range of 52-158 microM. We also demonstrated that simvastatin (20-80 microM) concentration-dependently further enhanced collagen-induced NO and cyclic GMP formation through increasing NOS activity (from 2.64+/-0.12 to 3.52+/-0.21-5.10+/-0.14 micromol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) and guanylyl cyclase activity (from 142.9+/-7.2 to 163.5+/-17.5-283.8+/-19.5 pmol min(-1) mg protein(-1)) in the platelets. On the contrary, inhibition of platelet aggregation by simvastatin was markedly attenuated (by about 50%) by addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, a NO scavenger or a NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor. The anti-aggregatory effects of simvastatin were significantly increased by addition of a selective inhibitor of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that enhancement of a NO/cyclic GMP-mediated process plays an important role in the anti-aggregatory activity of simvastatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. tcchou@ms5.hinet.net
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K-M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003094:Collagen; D019821:Simvastatin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP