title: Mutation variants generated from nonvirulent coxsackievirus B3 acquire virulence phenotypes by active virus replication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) virulence at the molecular level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mutation library was generated from noncardiovirulent CVB3/0. Highly virulent mutation variants were recovered and characterized both phenotypically and genotypically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variants consistently caused destruction of multiple tissues together with active virus production and induced severe mortality in vivo. The extent of infectious virus generation was directly correlated with that of histopathological aberration. Genotypic analysis of the entire genome indicated that the virulent viruses encode nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-nontranslated region, which have previously been identified in other virulent CVB3s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides evidence that particular nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-nontranslated region of nonvirulent CVB3 can lead to active virus replication, which is sufficient to induce virulence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ilseon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Youngmee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Jeonghyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Donghou
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chul Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Yoo Kyum
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heuiran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D004279:DNA, Viral