title: Apolipoprotein E e4 and its prevalence in early childhood death due to sudden infant death syndrome or to recognised causes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specific genetic polymorphisms have been shown to be more common in unexplained infant death. The APOE genotype exhibits opposite effects at the extremes of age with protective effects of e4 on perinatal mortality but detrimental effects as age progresses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the APOE e4 allele is associated with early childhood (1 week-2 years) unexplained death ('sudden infant death syndrome', SIDS) or with recognised causes (non-SIDS) and to compare these cohorts with published perinatal and adult data.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from spleen tissue of children dying in South East Scotland between 1990 and 2002. APOE alleles (e2, e3, e4) were determined using PCR. Comparisons of allele frequencies between groups were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 167 SIDS cases and 117 non-SIDS cases. Allele distributions of SIDS cases were similar to healthy newborns. Allele distributions of non-SIDS cases were more similar to adults than to healthy newborns. The percentage of children with at least one e4 allele was significantly lower in non-SIDS compared to SIDS (p = 0.016). Non-SIDS cases had a higher frequency of e3 compared to SIDS cases (p = 0.01) and to healthy newborns (0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children dying from identified causes have different APOE allele distributions from SIDS cases, but are similar to adults. Children dying from SIDS have an allele distribution comparable to healthy newborns. The prevalence of e4 in SIDS is not of an order to contribute significantly to the age-related decline in e4.
authors.affiliation: Section of Child Life & Health, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Julie-Clare
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Becher
authors.forename: Jean W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Keeling
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4