title: The concerted action of lactoferrin and bacteriophages in the clearance of bacteria in sublethally infected mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both lactoferrin (LF) and bacteriophages are potent antibacterial agents. LF is contained in the secretory fluids of mammals and bacteriophages are specific bacterial viruses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to determine whether combined treatment of infected mice may allow lowering the therapeutic dose of specific bacteriophages for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBA mice were infected intravenously (i.v.) with sublethal doses of E. coli or S. aureus and the specific T4 or A5 bacteriophages, respectively, were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or per os one hour following infection. The numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) were determined in the livers after 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparative administration of bacteriophages i.p. or per os showed that both routes of administration were equally efficacious in the protective action of bacteriophages. The bacteriophages were still very potent in reducing CFU numbers in the liver at a dose of 10(5)/mouse. Application of bovine lactoferrin (LF), 10 mg i.v., 24 h before infection, was also very effective in reducing CFU numbers. Using suboptimal (10(3)-10(4)) doses of bacteriophages and administration of LF, a more potent protective effect in reducing the CFU numbers in the infected mice was demonstrated. The combined effect of LF and bacteriophages in reducing CFU numbers was significantly higher than the effects of either agent alone. The study demonstrated that the combined application of LF and bacteriophages can significantly lower (1000 times) the effective dose of bacteriophages in reducing CFU numbers in infected mice.
authors.affiliation: L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences. zimecki@iitd.pan.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zimecki
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Artym
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocieba
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber-Dabrowska
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lusiak-Szelachowska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Górski
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D017122:Bacteriophage T4; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages
chemical_list: D007781:Lactoferrin