title: Male sex hormones exacerbate lung function impairment after bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: The roles of sex hormones as modulators of lung function and disease have received significant attention as differential sex responses to various lung insults have been recently reported. The present study used a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6 mice to examine potential sex differences in physiological and pathological outcomes. Endpoints measured included invasive lung function assessment, immunological response, lung collagen deposition, and a quantitative histological analysis of pulmonary fibrosis. Male mice had significantly higher basal static lung compliance than female mice (P < 0.05) and a more pronounced decline in static compliance after bleomycin administration when expressed as overall change or percentage of baseline change (P < 0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the sexes in immune cell infiltration into the lung or in total lung collagen content after bleomycin. Total lung histopathology scores measured using the Ashcroft method did not differ between the sexes, while a quantitative histopathology scoring system designed to determine where within the lung the fibrosis occurred indicated a tendency toward more fibrosis immediately adjacent to airways in bleomycin-treated male versus female mice. Furthermore, castrated male mice exhibited a female-like response to bleomycin while female mice given exogenous androgen exhibited a male-like response. These data indicate that androgens play an exacerbating role in decreased lung function after bleomycin administration, and traditional measures of fibrosis may miss critical differences in lung function between the sexes. Sex differences should be carefully considered when designing and interpreting experimental models of pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Voltz
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Card
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Degraff
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Gordon P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Flake
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korach
authors.forename: Darryl C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zeldin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010052:Ovariectomy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D001761:Bleomycin; D004958:Estradiol; D012313:RNA; D003094:Collagen