title: Personality and HIV disease progression: role of NEO-PI-R openness, extraversion, and profiles of engagement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of the big five personality domains (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and their respective facets and profiles on change in CD4 and log HIV-RNA copies/ml (VL) over 4 years. The examination of psychosocial predictors of disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has focused primarily on depression, coping, and stress, with little attention paid to stable individual differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diverse sample of HIV-seropositive patients (n = 104) completed personality assessment (NEO-PI-R), underwent comprehensive psychological assessment and blood samples every 6 months for 4 years. Linear rates of change for CD4 cells and VL were modeled using Hierarchical Linear Modeling controlling for antiretrovirals (time dependent covariate), initial disease status, age, gender, ethnicity, and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Domains that were significantly associated with slower disease progression over 4 years included Openness (CD4, VL), Extraversion (CD4, VL), and Conscientiousness (VL). Facets of the above domains that were significantly related to slower disease progression were assertiveness, positive emotions, and gregariousness (Extraversion); ideas, esthetics (Openness); achievement striving and order (Conscientiousness). In addition, profile analyses suggested personality styles which seem to underscore the importance of remaining engaged (e.g., Creative Interactors (E+O+), Upbeat Optimists (N-E+), Welcomers (E+A+), Go Getters (C+E+), and Directed (N-C+)) had slower disease progression, whereas the "homebody" profile (Low Extraversion-Low Openness) was significantly associated with faster disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide good initial evidence of the relationship between personality and disease progression in HIV and suggest protective aspects of profiles of engagement. These finding may help identify those individuals at risk for poorer disease course and specify targets for psychosocial interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL 33124-2070, USA. gironson@aol.com
authors.forename: Gail H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ironson
authors.forename: Conall
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Cleirigh
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology; D010551:Personality; D014481:United States; D019562:Viral Load