title: Short-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for uveitic macular edema in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal (IV) triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for treating pediatric cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to noninfectious uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. The medical records of 15 consecutive children (16 eyes) with uveitic CME treated with IVTA (2 or 4 mg) were reviewed. Data collected included details of uveitis, CME, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and cataract development. The median follow-up time was 16 months (range, 9-36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resolution of CME was achieved in all of the treated eyes. The median time taken for CME to resolve was 3 weeks (range, 1-24 weeks). The mean improvement of visual acuity after IVTA was 0.6 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Following initial response to IVTA, CME relapsed in 5 eyes (31%) after a median time of 7 months (range, 3-13 months). The most common adverse effect was increased intraocular pressure, with an increase of more than 15 mm Hg in 5 eyes (31%). Steroid-induced cataract was observed in 6 of 11 phakic eyes (55%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that IVTA is efficacious in the treatment of uveitic CME in children and results in CME resolution and visual acuity improvement. As in adults, treatment in children may be associated with elevated intraocular pressure and cataract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, England.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sallam
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grigg
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide