title: Down-regulation of an Auxin Response Factor in the tomato induces modification of fine pectin structure and tissue architecture.
abstract: It has previously been shown that down-regulation of an auxin response factor gene (DR12) results in pleiotropic phenotypes including enhanced fruit firmness in antisense transgenic tomato (AS-DR12). To uncover the nature of the ripening-associated modifications affecting fruit texture, comparative analyses were performed of pectin composition and structure in cell wall pericarp tissue of wild-type and AS-DR12 fruit at mature green (MG) and red-ripe (RR) stages. Throughout ripening, pectin showed a decrease in methyl esterification and in the content of galactan side chains in both genotypes. At mature green stage, pectin content in methyl ester groups was slightly higher in AS-DR12 fruit than in wild type, but this ratio was reversed at the red-ripe stage. The amount of water- and oxalate-soluble pectins increased at the red-ripe stage in the wild type, but decreased in AS-DR12. The distribution of methyl ester groups on the homogalaturonan backbone differed between the two genotypes. There was no evidence of more calcium cross-linked homogalacturan involved in cell-to-cell adhesion in AS-DR12 compared with wild-type fruit. Furthermore, the outer pericarp contains higher proportion of small cells in AS-DR12 fruit than in wild type and higher occurrence of (1-->5) alpha-L-arabinan epitope at the RR stage. It is concluded that the increased firmness of transgenic fruit does not result from a major impairment of ripening-related pectin metabolism, but rather involves differences in pectin fine structure associated with changes in tissue architecture.
authors.affiliation: UR1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, F-44300 Nantes, France. guillon@nantes.inra.fr
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillon
authors.forename: Sully
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouchet
authors.forename: Marie-Françoise
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Devaux
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frasse
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Mondher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouzayen
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahaye
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007120:Immunochemistry; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010368:Pectins; D019815:Oxalic Acid