title: Paliperidone for schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy, safety, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, and administration of paliperidone for schizophrenia are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paliperidone is a benzisoxazole derivative and the principal active metabolite of risperidone. Representative of most oxidative metabolites, paliperidone is less lipophilic than risperidone. Like other atypical antipsychotics, paliperidone has a greater affinity for serotonin type 2A- receptor blockade relative to dopamine type 2-receptor blockade. Paliperidone's advanced-generation osmotic release delivery system allows for the avoidance of dosage adjustment when initiating therapy and may decrease the frequency of antido-paminergic effects that would occur with an immediate-release formulation. The pharmacologic actions of paliperidone are similar to other high potency atypical antipsychotics. The receptor-binding profile of paliperidone most closely resembles that of risperidone and ziprasidone. Paliperidone differs from risperidone and most other antipsychotics by its relatively low extent of enzymatic metabolism. A limited number of investigations have demonstrated the ability of paliperidone to produce significant improvements in psychopathology, functioning, and relapse in patients with schizophrenia when compared with placebo. Paliperidone appears to have a similar adverse-effect profile compared to risperidone, except for an increased rate of hyperprolactinemia. The recommended dose of paliperidone for the treatment of adults with schizophrenia is 6 mg every morning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paliperidone does not offer any clear advantage over other atypical antipsychotics with a similar receptor-binding profile, such as risperidone and ziprasidone. Nevertheless, a few investigations have demonstrated the ability of paliperidone to produce significant improvements in psychopathology, functioning, and relapse when compared with placebo. Based on limited studies, the frequency of adverse effects, except for hyperprolactinemia, appears to favor paliperidone over risperidone.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA. cdolder@wingate.edu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dolder
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Zachariah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Deyo
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018967:Risperidone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007555:Isoxazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018967:Risperidone; D000068882:Paliperidone Palmitate