title: Application of cation-exchange solid-phase extraction for the analysis of amino alcohols from water and human plasma for verification of Chemical Weapons Convention.
abstract: The analysis of nitrogen containing amino alcohols, which are the precursors and degradation products of nitrogen mustards and nerve agent VX, constitutes an important aspect for verifying the compliance to the CWC (Chemical Weapons Convention). This work devotes on the development of solid-phase extraction method using silica- and polymer-based SCX (strong cation-exchange) and MCX (mixed-mode strong cation-exchange) cartridges for N,N-dialkylaminoethane-2-ols and alkyl N,N-diethanolamines, from water. The extracted analytes were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) in the full scan and selected ion monitoring modes. The extraction efficiencies of SCX and MCX cartridges were compared, and results revealed that SCX performed better. Extraction parameters, such as loading capacity, extraction solvent, its volume, and washing solvent were optimized. Best recoveries were obtained using 2 mL methanol containing 10% NH(4)OH and limits of detection could be achieved up to 5 x 10(-3) microg mL(-1) in the selected ion monitoring mode and 0.01 microg mL(-1) in full scan mode. The method was successfully employed for the detection and identification of amino alcohol present in water sample sent by Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in the official proficiency tests. The method was also applied to extract the analytes from human plasma. The SCX cartridge showed good recoveries of amino alcohols from human plasma after protein precipitation.
authors.affiliation: Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kanaujia
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardasani
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000605:Amino Alcohols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000605:Amino Alcohols; D002411:Cation Exchange Resins; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D014867:Water