title: Periprocedural bleeding and 1-year outcome after percutaneous coronary interventions: appropriateness of including bleeding as a component of a quadruple end point.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between bleeding within the 30 days after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and 1-year mortality and to assess the appropriateness of inclusion of the periprocedural bleeding in a quadruple composite end point to assess PCI outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Periprocedural bleeding is one of the most frequent complications of PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 5,384 patients from 4 randomized placebo-controlled trials on the value of abciximab after pre-treatment with 600 mg of clopidogrel: ISAR-REACT, -SWEET, -SMART-2, and -REACT-2. Bleeding--defined according to the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction criteria--included all bleeding events within 30 days after enrollment. The primary end point was 1-year mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 4 trials, within the first 30 days there were 42 deaths (0.8%), 314 myocardial infarctions (MIs) (5.8%), 52 urgent revascularizations (1.0%), and 215 bleeding complications (4.0%). Mortality at 1 year was 3.6% (n = 197). A Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the 30-day occurrence of bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96 to 4.48; p < 0.001), MI (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.46; p < 0.001) and urgent revascularization (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.35; p = 0.019) independently predicted 1-year mortality. The c statistic was 0.79 for bleeding, 0.78 for MI, and 0.78 for urgent revascularization, demonstrating a comparable discriminatory power of these adverse events for predicting 1-year mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates a strong relationship between the 30-day frequency of bleeding and 1-year mortality after PCI and supports the inclusion of periprocedural bleeding in a 30-day quadruple end point for the assessment of outcome after PCI.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Julinda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehilli
authors.forename: Melchior
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyfarth
authors.forename: Franz-Josef
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077284:Abciximab