title: Microhardness and fluoride release of restorative materials in different storage media.
abstract: This study evaluated the surface microhardness and fluoride release of 5 restorative materials - Ketac-Fil Plus, Vitremer, Fuji II LC, Freedom and Fluorofil - in two storage media: distilled/deionized water and a pH-cycling (pH 4.6). Twelve specimens of each material, were fabricated and the initial surface microhardness (ISM) was determined in a Shimadzu HMV-2000 microhardness tester (static load Knoop). The specimens were submitted to 6- or 18-h cycles in the tested media. The solutions were refreshed at the end of each cycle. All solutions were stored for further analysis. After 15-day storage, the final surface microhardness (FSM) and fluoride release were measured. Fluoride dose was measured with a fluoride-specific electrode (Orion 9609-BN) and digital ion analyzer (Orion 720 A). The variables ISM, FSM and fluoride release were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). There was significant difference in FSM between the storage media for Vitremer (pH 4.6 = 40.2 +/- 1.5; water = 42.6 +/- 1.4), Ketac-Fil Plus (pH 4.6 = 73.4 +/- 2.7; water = 58.2 +/- 1.3) and Fluorofil (pH 4.6 = 44.3 +/- 1.8; water = 38.4 +/- 1.0). Ketac-Fil Plus (9.9 +/- 18.0) and Fluorofil (4.4 +/- 1.3) presented higher fluoride release in water, whereas Vitremer (7.4 +/- 7.1), Fuji II LC (5.7 +/- 4.7) and Freedom (2.1 +/- 1.7) had higher fluoride release at pH 4.6. Microhardness and fluoride release of the tested restorative materials varied according to the storage medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kélio Garcia
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pedrini
authors.forename: Alberto Carlos Botazzo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Delbem
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cannon
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008298:Maleates / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002021:Buffers; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C477332:Freedom Compomer; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008298:Maleates; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C084550:Vitremer; D014325:Tromethamine; D014867:Water; D010758:Phosphorus; C040964:Ketac-Fil; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium