title: Severe Streptococcus pyogenes infections, United Kingdom, 2003-2004.
abstract: As part of a Europe-wide initiative to explore current epidemiologic patterns of severe disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, the United Kingdom undertook enhanced population-based surveillance during 2003-2004. A total of 3,775 confirmed cases of severe S. pyogenes infection were identified over 2 years, 3.33/100,000 population, substantially more than previously estimated. Skin/soft tissue infections were the most common manifestation (42%), followed by respiratory tract infections (17%). Injection drug use was identified as a risk factor for 20% of case-patients. One in 5 infected case-patients died within 7 days of diagnosis; the highest mortality rate was for cases of necrotizing fasciitis (34%). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, alcoholism, young age, and infection with emm/M3 types were independently associated with increased risk for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Understanding the pattern of these diseases and predictors of poor patient outcome will help with identification and assessment of the potential effect of targeted interventions.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom. theresa.lamagni@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lamagni
authors.forename: Shona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keshishian
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alhaddad
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vuopio-Varkila
authors.forename: Androulla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efstratiou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology