title: The role of calcium gluconate in electrochemical activation of titanium for biomimetic coating of calcium phosphate.
abstract: Supersaturation of calcium and phosphate in the bath solution and activation of the metal substrate is essential for effective biomimetic growth of apatite on orthopedic implants. In this work, bioactivation of titanium surface was achieved by electrodeposition of a thin layer of calcium phosphate followed by an alkaline treatment to obtain pure hydroxyapatite crystals. The influence of calcium gluconate in the electrolyte solution was evaluated and optimized. Adhesive strength, thickness, structural, and surface characteristics were evaluated. A highly adhesive and uniform layer of hydroxyapatite was formed on titanium surface when the electrodeposition was carried out with an electrolyte solution-containing calcium gluconate. The electrodeposited hydroxyapatite coatings were subjected for biomimetic growth in Kokubo's simulated body fluid (SBF) and Kokubo's modified SBF containing 1.5 times higher concentration of Ca. Biomimetic growth was also improved by the addition of calcium gluconate in the SBF solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India. smashibli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shibli
authors.forename: Suja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D004595:Electroplating / Q000379:methods*; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium; D002125:Calcium Gluconate