title: Facial averageness and attractiveness in an isolated population of hunter-gatherers.
abstract: Average faces possess traits that are common to a population. Preferences for averageness have been found in several types of study of both real and computer-manipulated faces. Such preferences have been proposed to be biologically based and thus should be found across human populations, though cross-cultural evidence to date has been limited. In this study we examined preferences for averageness in both the West and in an isolated hunter-gatherer society, the Hadza of Northern Tanzania in Africa. We show that averageness is generally preferred across faces and cultures, but there were no significant preferences for averageness in European faces by Hadza judges. The different visual experience of the two cultures may explain the differences in preferences. While Westerners have visual experience of both European and African faces, the Hadza are limited in their experience of European faces, potentially leading to a lack of preference for averageness in this group because of the lack of a representation of the 'norm' of European faces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. apicella@fas.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Coren L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Apicella
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Marlowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004954:Esthetics / Q000523:psychology; D005060:Europe; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013636:Tanzania