title: [Parental influence in children's food preferences. The ESFUERSO study in two primary schools with different socioeconomic gradients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Programs aimed at obesity prevention among elementary school age children have failed. In the present study, we analyzed the association between parental and child food preferences and determined whether this is influenced by the parents' gender and socio-economic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  We invited 300 children from a state elementary school (SES) and368 from a private middle class school (PMCS) to participate. A questionnaire was given to each parent to complete together with another questionnaire asking questions about their child. The questionnaire included items on consumption of specific foods. Canonical correlation coefficients (CC) were calculated to assess the association between children's food preferences and their parents' food preferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers from the PMCS group had lower Body Mass Index (BMIs) than mothers from the SES (24 +/- 4 vs. 26 +/- 4, p < 0.001). Fathers and children from the PMCS group were taller and weighed more than those from the SES but their BMI's were similar. CC indicate that mothers influence their children's food preferences by 30%, and this association is stronger in the SES group. Preference for simple carbohydrates was observed among children without parental supervision. Regular soft drinks were preferred by children in both schools, but diet sodas were more common among PMCS. All families avoided giving their children diet soft drinks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socio-economic status and gender diferentially influence children's meal preferences. Obsesity prevention programs should take into account parental food preferences as an important factor that determines obesity during childhood. We expect that our results will contribute to the design of more appropriate prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA. jalvaren@sfbrgenetics.org
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López-Alvarenga
authors.forename: Verónica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Velázquez
authors.forename: Victoria Eugenia
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Bolado-García
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Barranco
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castañeda-López
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velásquez-Alva
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Hernández
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Comuzzie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors