title: Preoperative and intraoperative imaging for endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base.
abstract: Endoscopic endonasal approaches are being used with increasing frequency to provide access to virtually any anterior cranial base, clival, or anterior craniocervical pathology. The radiographic evaluation of skull base anatomy and its relationship to associated tumors is critical for both preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance, to ensure the safety and efficacy of these techniques. CT and MRI play a complementary role in guiding endoscopic endonasal procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite B400, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. gardpa@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Amin B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Rothfus
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Snyderman
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010579:Petrous Bone / Q000473:pathology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*