title: Irinophore C: a liposome formulation of irinotecan with substantially improved therapeutic efficacy against a panel of human xenograft tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pharmacokinetics, tumor drug accumulation, and therapeutic activity of Irinophore C, a novel liposomal formulation of irinotecan (CPT-11).
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma lactone/carboxy levels of CPT-11 and SN-38 were determined in mice after a single i.v. dose of irinotecan (Camptosar), or Irinophore C, and the plasma t(1/2), plasma area under the curve, plasma C(max), and plasma clearance were calculated. Further, plasma and tumor drug levels were also measured in tumor-bearing mice following Irinophore C treatment. The efficacy of Irinophore C was compared with that of Camptosar in five s.c. human tumor xenografts using single-dose treatment (LS 180), a total of three doses administered at 4-day intervals (H460), or a total of three doses administered at 7-day intervals (Capan-1, PC-3, and HT-29).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Camptosar, Irinophore C mediated an 8-fold increase in t(1/2), a 100-fold increase in C(max), a 1,000-fold increase in area under the curve, and a 1,000-fold decrease in clearance for the active lactone form of CPT-11. Further, the plasma and tumor SN-38 lactone levels were consistent for at least 48 h post-Irinophore C injection. Camptosar treatment (40 mg/kg) mediated a delay in the time required for tumors to increase to four times their pretreatment size compared with controls (T-C). T-Cs ranged from 2 days (LS 180 model) to 18 days (PC-3 model). Irinophore C (40 mg/kg) engendered T-Cs ranging from 14 days (LS 180 model) to 87 days (Capan-1 model).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irinophore C improved CPT-11/SN-38 pharmacokinetics, promoted tumor drug accumulation, and increased therapeutic efficacy in a panel of five distinct human tumor xenografts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3.
authors.forename: Euan C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: Malathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anantha
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zastre
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meijs
authors.forename: Jet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zonderhuis
authors.forename: Dita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strutt
authors.forename: Murray S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
authors.forename: Marcel B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bally
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin