title: Left ventricular contractility in response to upright isometric exercise in heart transplant recipients and healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated left ventricular contractility during upright isometric exercise, in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) and in healthy controls, using ejection fraction and end-systolic pressure/volume ratio indexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy men (40 +/- 13 years) and 10 HTRs (42 +/- 12 years) underwent dead lift (DL) test at 30% of maximal effort for 3 minutes. Echocardiographic variables were measured during the final 45 seconds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During DL test, HTRs were significantly different (P < .01) from controls in all parameters except end-diastolic volume. DL test had lower mean values of ejection fraction (49.9% +/- 8.3% vs 67.0% +/- 4.3%, respectively) and left ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (3.5 +/- 0.7 vs 5.5 +/- 1.2, respectively) whereas higher values of end-systolic volume (51.0 +/- 9.4 mL vs 34.1 +/- 5.3 mL, respectively). Importantly, an intergroup effect was found in end-systolic pressure/volume ratio, further signifying differential response of HTRs. End-systolic pressure/volume ratio increased consistently (P < .001) in both groups, whereas the overall main effect of ejection fraction response was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left ventricular function during upright isometric exercise displays differential pattern of response in HTRs in comparison with healthy controls. However, cardiac contractility in HTRs remained stable at peak systolic blood pressure produced by the isometric DL exercise. Results suggest that both ejection fraction and end-systolic pressure/volume ratio indexes can be used for assessment of ventricular function in patients after heart transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation Division, the Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.
authors.forename: Moran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagiv
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldhammer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Sira
authors.forename: Ruthie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure