title: Relationship between antinuclear antibody and microalbuminuria in the general population: the Takahata study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microalbuminuria, a marker of vascular damage, is associated with increased risk of progressive renal deterioration, cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, the relationship between antinuclear antibody (ANA) and microalbuminuria in the general population is unknown. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between ANA and microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects of this community-based study were individuals over 40 years old in Takahata, Japan. The urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated from a single-spot urine specimen collected in the morning. ANA was examined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 2,875 subjects (mean age 63 years; men 1,276; women 1,599), positive ANA (ANA index >or=20.0) was detected in 16.9% of the total population (men 12.9%, women 20.3%) and the prevalence of positive ANA increased with age. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (UACR 30-300 mg/g), but not macroalbuminuria (UACR > 300 mg/g), was significantly higher in the positive ANA group than the negative ANA group (24.1% vs. 16.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Along with the increase of the ANA index, the prevalence of microalbuminuria and UACR levels were increased. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that ANA was significantly associated with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 1.63 and 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.27-2.10). These associations were significant in women, but not men, when examined separately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the presence of ANA is associated with microalbuminuria in the general population, especially women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konta
authors.forename: Zhimei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abiko
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Yasuchika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeishi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine