title: Presumed pluripotency markers UTF-1 and REX-1 are expressed in human adult testes and germ cell neoplasms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  UTF-1 and REX-1/ZFP42 are transcription factors involved in pluripotency. Because of phenotypic similarities between pluripotent embryonic stem cells and testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) and the derivation of pluripotent cells from testes, we investigated the expression of UTF-1 and REX-1 during human gonadal development and in TGCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of UTF-1 and REX-1 was studied in 52 specimens from human gonadal development and in 86 samples from TGCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UTF-1 and REX-1 were expressed throughout male gonadal development. In the mature testis, UTF-1 was expressed in spermatogonia, whereas REX-1 was expressed in meiotic cells and, together with OCT-3/4, in primary oocytes. Both UTF-1 and REX-1 were expressed in testicular carcinoma in situ and in TGCT. Contrarily to REX-1, UTF-1 was expressed in all spermatocytic seminomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike other pluripotency markers NANOG and OCT-3/4, UTF-1 and REX-1 are expressed throughout human testes development. The expression pattern indicated that UTF-1 plays a possible role in spermatogonial self-renewal, whereas expression of REX-1 in meiotic cells from both testes and ovary indicate a role in meiosis. UFT-1 and REX-1 are expressed in TGCT and the high abundance of UTF-1 in spermatocytic seminomas is consistent with the hypothesis that this tumour type originates from spermatogonia.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Section GR5064, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. moebjerg@imbg.ku.dk
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Niels E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Skakkebaek
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graem
authors.forename: Grete K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajpert-De Meyts
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leffers
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007223:Infant; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C484738:UTF1 protein, human; C507976:ZFP42 protein, human