title: Kinetics and mechanisms of chlorine dioxide oxidation of tryptophan.
abstract: The reactions of aqueous ClO2 (*) and tryptophan (Trp) are investigated by stopped-flow kinetics, and the products are identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by ion chromatography. The rates of ClO2 (*) loss increase from pH 3 to 5, are essentially constant from pH 5 to 7, and increase from pH 7 to 10. The reactions are first-order in Trp with variable order in ClO2 (*). Below pH 5.0, the reactions are second- or mixed-order in [ClO2 (*)], depending on the chlorite concentration. Above pH 5.0, the reactions are first-order in [ClO2 (*)] in the absence of added chlorite. At pH 7.0, the Trp reaction with ClO2 (*) is first-order in each reactant with a second-order rate constant of 3.4 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) at 25.0 degrees C. In the proposed mechanism, the initial reaction is a one-electron oxidation to form a tryptophyl radical cation and chlorite ion. The radical cation deprotonates to form a neutral tryptophyl radical that combines rapidly with a second ClO 2 (*) to give an observable, short-lived adduct ( k obs = 48 s(-1)) with proposed C(H)-OClO bonding. This adduct decays to give HOCl in a three-electron oxidation. The overall reaction consumes two ClO2 (*) per Trp and forms ClO2- and HOCl. This corresponds to a four-electron oxidation. Decay of the tryptophyl-OClO adduct at pH 6.4 gives five initial products that are observed after 2 min and are separated by HPLC with elution times that vary from 4 to 17 min (with an eluent of 6.3% CH 3OH and 0.1% CH 3COOH). Each of these products is characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectroscopy. One initial product with a molecular weight of 236 decays within 47 min to yield the most stable product, N-formylkynurenine (NFK), which also has a molecular weight of 236. Other products also are observed and examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Bakhmutova-Albert
authors.forename: Dale W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Margerum
mesh_terms: D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D014364:Tryptophan