title: Hypoxia-inducible factor induces local thyroid hormone inactivation during hypoxic-ischemic disease in rats.
abstract: Thyroid hormone is a critical determinant of cellular metabolism and differentiation. Precise tissue-specific regulation of the active ligand 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) is achieved by the sequential removal of iodine groups from the thyroid hormone molecule, with type 3 deiodinase (D3) comprising the major inactivating pathway that terminates the action of T3 and prevents activation of the prohormone thyroxine. Using cells endogenously expressing D3, we found that hypoxia induced expression of the D3 gene DIO3 by a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent (HIF-dependent) pathway. D3 activity and mRNA were increased both by hypoxia and by hypoxia mimetics that increase HIF-1. Using ChIP, we found that HIF-1alpha interacted specifically with the DIO3 promoter, indicating that DIO3 may be a direct transcriptional target of HIF-1. Endogenous D3 activity decreased T3-dependent oxygen consumption in both neuronal and hepatocyte cell lines, suggesting that hypoxia-induced D3 may reduce metabolic rate in hypoxic tissues. Using a rat model of cardiac failure due to RV hypertrophy, we found that HIF-1alpha and D3 proteins were induced specifically in the hypertrophic myocardium of the RV, creating an anatomically specific reduction in local T3 content and action. These results suggest a mechanism of metabolic regulation during hypoxic-ischemic injury in which HIF-1 reduces local thyroid hormone signaling through induction of D3.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Warner S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Simonides
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mulcahey
authors.forename: Everaldo M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Redout
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zuidwijk
authors.forename: Theo J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Frank W J S
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Wassen
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crescenzi
authors.forename: Wagner S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: da-Silva
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harney
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Maria-Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Obregon
authors.forename: P Reed
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000502:physiology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; C117274:iodothyronine deiodinase type III; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase