title: A randomized, repeat-dose, pharmacodynamic and safety study of an antidote-controlled factor IXa inhibitor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active and safe reversibility of anticoagulation is an unmet need in clinical care. Factor IXa, required for rapid thrombin generation on platelet surfaces, is a novel target for modulating coagulation. REG1 comprises RB006 (drug) and RB007 (antidote). RB006, a ribonucleic acid aptamer, exerts its anticoagulant effect by selectively binding FIXa. RB007, the complementary oligonucleotide antidote, binds to RB006 by Watson-Crick base pairing, neutralizing its anti-FIXa activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the multiple repeat-dose safety, intraindividual pharmacodynamic reproducibility and graded active reversibility of REG1.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 39 healthy volunteers to receive either three consecutive weight-adjusted, drug-antidote treatment cycles, or double placebo. Each treatment cycle included an intravenous bolus of 0.75 mg kg(-1) RB006, followed 60 min later by a descending dose of RB007, ranging from a 2 : 1 to 0.125 : 1 antidote/drug ratio (1.5 mg kg(-1) to 0.094 mg kg(-1) RB007). Serial clinical assessments and coagulation measurements were performed through 14 days postrandomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeat doses of RB006 achieved highly reproducible activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) levels with low intrasubject variability (coefficient of variation 5.5%, intraclass correlation coefficient 5.8 at 15 min postdose), while repeat doses of RB007 reversed the APTT levels dose-dependently and reproducibly. There was no major bleeding and there were no other serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first human study demonstrating multiple repeat-dose safety, intraindividual pharmacodynamic reproducibility and graded active reversibility of an RNA aptamer-oligonucleotide antidote pair. The results lay the foundation for studying the translation of this novel anticoagulation platform to a wide variety of clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Tonkens
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D015949:Factor IXa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D009841:Oligonucleotides; C515724:RB 006; C515725:RB 007; D015949:Factor IXa