title: Effectiveness of personal protective measures to prevent Lyme disease.
abstract: After the manufacture of Lyme vaccine was discontinued in 2002, strategies to prevent Lyme disease (LD) have focused on personal protective measures. Effectiveness of these measures has not been conclusively demonstrated. The aim of our case-control study was to assess the effectiveness of personal preventive measures in a highly disease-endemic area. Case-patients were persons with LD reported to Connecticut's Department of Public Health and classified as having definite, possible, or unlikely LD. Age-matched controls without LD were identified. Study participants were interviewed to assess the practice of preventive measures and to obtain information on occupational and recreational risk factors. Use of protective clothing was 40% effective; routine use of tick repellents on skin or clothing was 20% effective. Checking one's body for ticks and spraying property with acaricides were not effective. We concluded that use of protective clothing and of tick repellents (on skin or clothing) are effective in preventing LD.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. marietta.vazquez@yale.edu
authors.forename: Marietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muehlenbein
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cartter
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Starr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ertel
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000382:microbiology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007302:Insect Repellents