title: Clinical and pathological heterogeneity of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report new cases of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologically proved NIFID was found in 2 patients from the Universitat de Barcelona-Hospital Clínic Brain Bank. The findings of a neuropathological examination in both patients revealed intracellular inclusions that were detected with hematoxylin-eosin and stained positive for antineurofilament and alpha-internexin antibodies, variably for ubiquitin, and negatively for tau, alpha-synuclein, and TAR-DNA binding protein 43.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first patient developed progressive behavioral changes characterized by apathy and indifference at the age of 37 years, and frontotemporal dementia was diagnosed. The second patient developed progressive tremor and mild speech disturbances at the age of 70 years. Her neurological examination results showed mild dysarthria, hypomimia, a mild rigid-akinetic left-predominant parkinsonism, and bilateral rest and postural tremor. The clinical impression was atypical parkinsonism. No response was obtained with levodopa, and the disease progressed rapidly, with falls and frontal-subcortical cognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late-onset presentation may be the clinical debut of NIFID. These 2 cases confirm the clinical and pathological heterogeneity of NIFID and suggest its inclusion in the differential diagnosis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including frontotemporal dementia and atypical parkinsonism.
authors.affiliation: Service of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molina-Porcel
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lladó
authors.forename: Maria Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Molinuevo
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Lage
authors.forename: Francesc X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blesa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies