title: Isolation and purification of acetylshikonin and beta-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin from cell suspension cultures of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnston using rapid preparative HPLC.
abstract: Shikonin and its derivatives are important red colored naphthoquinone pigments found in a large number of Arnebia species, including A. euchroma, that are responsible for the various pharmacological activities exhibited by the plant. The precise separation of each naphthoquinone is essential for total quality evaluation and bioactivity analysis of herbal formulations of A. euchroma. Furthermore, the overexploitation of this useful plant has resulted in species becoming endangered. With this in mind, a simple and rapid preparative scale HPLC method with single compound recovery for the isolation and purification of two shikonin derivatives (i. e. acetylshikonin, beta-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin) from cell suspension cultures of A. euchroma is presented. The compounds were separated on a C(18) column within 10 min using acetonitrile/methanol (95:5) as mobile phase in isocratic mode. The isolated compounds were found to be more than 98% pure. The LOD for acetylshikonin and beta-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin was estimated at 0.063 and 0.146 mug/mL, respectively, while the LOQ was found to be 0.209 and 0.487 mug/mL, respectively. The recoveries accomplished for both the shikonin derivatives were in the range of 94.7-96.8%. The repeatability, expressed as %RSD, of acetylshikonin and beta-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin was found to be 1.74 and 1.27, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Natural Plant Products Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
authors.forename: Nandini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Upendra Kumar
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Subash Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Naina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D028082:Boraginaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C546589:beta-acetoxyisovalerylshikonin; C073944:acetylshikonin