Aortic atheromas: current concepts and controversies-a review of the literature.
The frequent use of transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) has led to the increased recognition of aortic atheromas. Retrospective and prospective follow-up studies have reported an association between aortic atheromas and stroke in the high-risk patient population, with complex plaques being more likely to embolize than simple plaques. However, TEE-based studies in the low-risk cohorts have failed to show a similar association. There is growing body of evidence suggesting that aortic atheroma is a marker of generalized atherosclerosis. Although magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) scan are emerging as a powerful noninvasive tool for characterization of aortic atheromas, TEE is the imaging modality of choice. Currently, treatment of aortic atheromas is not well defined, and mixed outcomes have been reported for anticoagulation therapy with warfarin. Statins appear promising based on their plaque stabilization properties. However, there are no randomized control trials to establish the role of both anticoagulation and statins in patients with aortic atheromas, and are warranted in the future.
Thenappan
Thenappan
T
Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
Ali Raza
Jaffar
J
Movahed
Assad
A
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology
D000925:Anticoagulants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors