title: Analysis of circadian variation of acute myocardial infarction: afternoon predominance in Turkish population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although data about circadian variation of myocardial infarction (MI) in western populations reveal morning peak between 06:00 and 12:00 hours, differences have been reported in different regions of the world and ethnic groups. We aimed to evaluate circadian variation of MI in a Turkish cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 476 patients (mean age 56.7 +/- 11.7; 80% men) with acute st elevation MI were included into the study. Patients were categorised into four 6-h increments (00:01-06:00; 06:01-12:00; 12:01-18:00 and 18:01-24:00 hours).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset of MI exhibited significant circadian variation among four time periods (p < 0.001), demonstrating afternoon peak (between 12:01 and 18:00 hours) and trough between 00:01 and 06:00 hours. Incidence of MI between 12:01 and 18:00 hours was significantly higher when compared with other three 6-h periods (p = 0.001). Incidence of MI between 00:01 and 06:00 hours was significantly lower when compared with other three 6-h periods (p = 0.001). Incidence of MI between 12:01 and 18:00 hours was 1.64 times that of average frequency of the remaining 18:00 hours of the day and 2.3 times that of frequency between 00:01 and 06:00 hours. When analysed for the subgroups of the study sample, only smoking blunted the afternoon peak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Instead of early morning peak in western countries, there is afternoon predominance in circadian variation of MI in a Turkish cohort. It may be related with genetic and/or demographic characteristics of Turkish population. Further studies are required to determine underlying pathophysiological mechanisms causing these differences in chronobiology of MI among populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gaziantep University Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey. drisari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Davutoglu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tekbas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ucer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uyarel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aksoy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010507:Periodicity; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology