title: Preliminary findings of the effect of a 3-year after-school physical activity intervention on fitness and body fat: the Medical College of Georgia Fitkid Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of a 3-year after-school physical activity (PA) intervention on aerobic fitness and percent body fat (%BF).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 18 schools were randomized into intervention or control arms. Measurements were made at the beginning and end of the third, fourth and fifth grades. Fitness was measured with heart rate response to a bench-stepping task.%BF and bone density were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The intervention included 40 min of academic enrichment activities, during which healthy snacks were provided, and 80 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analyses were performed on 206 youths who remained in the same schools for the 3-year period, who were measured at all six time points and, for the intervention group, who attended at least 40% of the sessions in each of the 3 years. The group by time interactions were significant for fitness (p < 0.01) and %BF (p < 0.05). Children in intervention schools improved in fitness and %BF during the school years and returned to levels similar to those in control schools during the summers. Over the six measurement points, the intervention group increased more than the control group in bone density (p < 0.01), fat-free soft tissue (p < 0.01), weight (p < 0.01), height (p < 0.01), and body mass index (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An after-school program focusing on MVPA had a beneficial effect on fitness and body composition. During the summers, the beneficial effect of the previous year's participation on fitness and %BF was lost. This highlights the importance of year-round programs to promote healthy growth in youths.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
authors.forename: Zenong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Maribeth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbeau
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012574:Schools