title: Sequence of improvement in depressive symptoms across cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors examined the patterns of improvement in cognitive and vegetative symptoms of major depression in individuals treated with cognitive therapy (CT) or pharmacotherapy (PT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (n=180) were randomized to receive either CT or PT. Cognitive and vegetative symptoms of major depression were measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II at baseline and regularly throughout 16 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated the same patterns of change over time for cognitive and vegetative symptoms within CT and within PT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-report measures may not be sufficiently specific to capture subtle differences in improvements between vegetative and cognitive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with Beck's [Beck, A.T., 1984, November. Cognition and theory [Letter to the editor]. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 1112-1114.] hypothesis that CT and PT have a similar site of action, which when targeted, results in changes in both cognitive and vegetative features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. sbhar@mail.med.upenn.edu.au
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bhar
authors.forename: Lois A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gelfand
authors.forename: Sabine P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallop
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DeRubeis
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hollon
authors.forename: Jay D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Amsterdam
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors