title: Developmental rates at constant temperatures of three economically important Ceratitis spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) from southern Africa.
abstract: Three species of Ceratitis MacLeay are of economic importance in southern Africa. To learn more about the influence of temperature on the development of these species, the developmental rates of South African populations of Ceratitis (Ceratitis) capitata (Wiedemann), C. (Pterandrus) rosa Karsch, and C. (Ceratalaspis) cosyra (Walker) were compared at constant temperatures of 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 degrees C. The duration of each life stage and the percentage survival of the immature life stages of each species were determined. One linear and three nonlinear developmental rate models (Briére, Lactin, and Logan-6) were found to fit the data well and were used to generate the minimum, optimum, and maximum developmental thresholds, in addition to the life cycle thermal constants for the three species. These parameter values were 9.6, 28.5, 33.0, and 338 for C. capitata, 9.7, 28.8, 33.2, and 376 for C. cosyra, and 8.6, 27.7, 33.0, and 429 for C. rosa, respectively. The parameters for C. capitata are similar to those found by other researchers for this species in Reunion but the parameters for C. rosa differ substantially from published values for a Reunion population of this species, suggesting that these are different biotypes. The similarities between the developmental parameters for C. capitata and C. cosyra do not support known differences in the distribution of these species so other limiting factors such as relative humidity and the availability of host species may be important. This finding therefore cautions against basing predictions of potential global distributions of species solely on life table or climatic parameter values.
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa. tg@cri.co.za
authors.forename: Tim G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Grout
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Stoltz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033622:Ceratitis capitata / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D013019:South Africa; D013045:Species Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013696:Temperature; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors