Vasculitis and the intensive care.
Most frequent reasons for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in vasculitis patients are severe respiratory insufficiency due to diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, sepsis and/or pneumonia and an acute abdomen due to bowel infarction. Other reasons are massive gastrointestinal bleeding, thromboembolism and/or scissures. In a patient, not previously diagnosed as having vasculitis, diagnosis can be difficult and must be made as soon as possible, since immunosuppressive therapy should be instituted immediately. Immunosuppressive therapy in severe cases consists of high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. In addition, in many cases plasma exchange has to be instituted as well. Prognosis is related to disease activity scores of vasculitis and of severity of illness as measured by the APACHE III scoring system and/or the SOFA score. Septic shock is still the leading cause of death in patients with vasculitis. Nowadays, death due to active untreated vasculitis is rare in experienced clinics.
Tervaert
J W Cohen
JW
Department of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Univerity Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands. jw.cohentervaert@immuno.unimaas.nl
D018806:APACHE; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D011379:Prognosis; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide