title: Effects of a combined application of potassium oxalate gel/adhesive agent on dentin permeability in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of sequential application of potassium oxalate gel/adhesive agent on in vitro dentin permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full crown preparations were made in extracted human molars to expose deep coronal dentin. The roots and pulp were removed and the resulting crown segments were connected to a special device (Flodec) to permit the measurement of the permeability of the specimens before and after treatments. Minimum and maximum permeability were recorded after smear layer and phosphoric acid treatment. A new smear layer was created and the permeability measured after the crowns were bonded with Single Bond (3M ESPE), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama), and AdheSE (Ivoclar Vivadent), either according to manufacturer's instructions or after treating the acid-etched dentin with a 3 wt% potassium oxalate gel. The results were expressed as a percentage of maximum permeability values. Impressions and epoxy resin replicas from the crown segments were produced for SEM examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the adhesives were able to eliminate the fluid flow through dentin. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the application of potassium oxalate prior to the bonding procedures was the most effective technique in reducingthe dentin permeability (p < 0.05), regardless of the adhesive used. SEM micrographs showed that transudation of dentinal fluid could be identified on the surfaces of all replicas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of potassium oxalate gel was effective in reducing the permeability of bonded dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Safira Marques
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Andrade e Silva
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marquezini
authors.forename: Adriana Pigozzo
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Manso
authors.forename: Fernanda Pimentel
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Marcela Rocha de Oliveira
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carrilho
authors.forename: David Henry
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pashley
authors.forename: Franklin Russel
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Ricardo Marins
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019234:Dentinal Fluid / Q000187:drug effects; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010070:Oxalates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019163:Reducing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C489662:AdheSE cement; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; C446260:One-Up-Bond F; D010070:Oxalates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019163:Reducing Agents; C115612:single bond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C030242:phosphoric acid