title: Modifications to the organophosphorus nerve agent-protein adduct refluoridation method for retrospective analysis of nerve agent exposures.
abstract: Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) continue to pose a threat to military personnel and the general public because of their toxicity and their potential use as weapons of mass destruction. An effective method for the detection of human exposure to OPNAs involves the refluoridation of nerve agents adducted to the serum protein butyrylcholinesterase. The regenerated agents are then enriched by solid-phase extraction and quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We have previously reported improvements that resulted in a 10-fold increase in sensitivity. We have now made further changes to the method that include the addition of confirmation ions, the addition of soman (GD) to the assay, the expansion of the linear range, and the elimination of high-volume injection to decrease background noise and run time while improving sensitivity. This report includes the standard operating procedures for this method for tabun, sarin, soman, cyclohexylsarin, and VX and validation studies. The method's limits of detection ranged from 5.5 to 16.5 pg/mL for the G analogue of VX and GD, respectively. Characterization of quality control (QC) materials resulted in an average coefficient of variation of 15.1% for the five analytes in low QC pools and 11.7% in high QC pools.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: Rudolph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002138:Calibration; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012524:Sarin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D012999:Soman / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005459:Fluorides; D010755:Organophosphates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D012524:Sarin; D012997:Solvents; D012999:Soman; C033320:potassium fluoride; C009680:VX-agent; C009374:tabun; C053914:cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate