title: Cardiovascular risk factors and acculturation in Yaquis and Tepehuanos Indians from Mexico.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are influenced by behavioral, cultural, and social factors, suggesting that acculturation plays a significant role in the emergency and growth of chronic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between CV risk factors and the main components of acculturation, in Yaquis and Tepehuanos Indians from Mexico.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional population-based study in Yaquis and Tepehuanos communities from the Yaqui Valley in Sonora and the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains in Durango, in northwest Mexico. Acculturation status is different in both ethnic groups, with Tepehuanos living in small and remote communities retaining their traditional lifestyle and Yaquis living in well-communicated communities that have assumed Westernized lifestyles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 278 indigenous (120 Tepehuanos and 158 Yaquis) were randomly enrolled. Prevalence of obesity (48.1 and 6.7%, p <0.001), diabetes (18.3 and 0.83%, p <0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (43.0 and 15.0%, p <0.001), alcohol consumption (46.8 and 26.6%, p >0.001), and smoking (29.7 and 15.0%, p = 0.006) were significantly higher in Yaquis Indians. High blood pressure (6.3 and 3.3%, p = 0.40) and low HDL-cholesterol (42.4 and 34.2%, p = 0.22) were similar between Yaquis and Tepehuanos. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted by sex and age showed a significant association between calorie intake from saturated fat, but not other nutrients of customary diet, with hyperglycemia (OR 7.4, 95% CI 2.6-20.1), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.5-6.3), and obesity (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-10.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the components of acculturation, intake of saturated fat is the most strongly associated with the development of CV risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Research Group on Diabetes, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Morán
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Romero
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brito-Zurita
authors.forename: Ramón A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rascón-Pacheco
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Fuentes
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Guillén
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Ortiz
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Abundis
authors.forename: Luís E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Simental-Mendía
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madero
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Revilla-Monsalve
authors.forename: Silvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Flores-Martínez
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Islas-Andrade
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wacher
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Corona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL