title: Synergistic upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric mucosa of Mongolian gerbils by a high-salt diet and Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: The intake of salt and salty food is known as a risk factor for gastric cancer. We have previously demonstrated that a high-salt diet dose-dependently enhances Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastritis and stomach carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. In this study, we focused on the influence of excessive salt intake on the expression of inflammatory mediators involved in progression of H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis.
  
  
  
  A total of 45 stomach samples from Mongolian gerbils were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The animals were infected with H. pylori and fed basal (0.32%) or a high-salt (10%) diet, and sacrificed after 40 weeks. Proliferative activity and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric mucosa were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected gerbils. The additional high-salt diet significantly up-regulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected groups (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), while no significant effects were noted in non-infected animals. There was significant synergistic interaction between H. pylori infection and 10% NaCl diet on the expression of iNOS (P<0.05) and also a tendency for enhanced COX-2 expression (P=0.0599).
  
  
  
  The present results suggest that a high-salt diet works synergistically with H. pylori infection to enhance iNOS and COX-2 expression in the gastric mucosa of Mongolian gerbils, and support the hypothesis that excessive salt intake may be associated with progression of H. pylori-induced gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizoshita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatematsu
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005849:Gerbillinae; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine