title: Medical treatment of pediatric urolithiasis.
abstract: In recent years the incidence of pediatric stone disease has increased several fold, mostly due to hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. The goal of medical treatment is to protect the patient from formation of new stones and expansion of existing ones. The non-pharmacological means to address stone disease include high fluid intake and, frequently, modification of nutritional habits. The pharmacological treatment is based on the chemical composition of the stone and the biochemical abnormalities causing its formation; hence, chemical analysis of the stone, urine and blood is of paramount importance and should be done when the first stone is detected. This review discusses the current options of medical treatment of pediatric urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Mineral Disorders Clinic, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 64108, USA. ualon@cmh.edu
authors.forename: Uri S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Alon
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D019357:Potassium Citrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D019357:Potassium Citrate