title: Tumor-selective replication of an oncolytic adenovirus carrying oct-3/4 response elements in murine metastatic bladder cancer models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oncolytic adenoviruses are attractive therapeutics for cancer because they selectively replicate in tumors. However, targeting tumor metastasis remains a major challenge for current virotherapy for cancer. Oct-3/4 is specifically expressed in embryonic stem cells and tumor cells. Oct-3/4 highly expressed in cancer cells may be a potential target for cancer therapy. We developed an E1B-55 kDa-deleted adenovirus, designated Ad.9OC, driven by nine copies of Oct-3/4 response element for treating Oct-3/4-expressing metastatic bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression of Oct-3/4 in human bladder tumor tissues and bladder cancer cell lines. We also evaluated the cytolytic and antitumor effects of Ad.9OC on bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oct-3/4 expression was detected in bladder cancer cell lines, as well as in human bladder tumor tissues. Notably, Oct-3/4 expression was higher in metastatic compared with nonmetastatic bladder cancer cells. Ad.9OC induced higher cytolytic activity in metastatic bladder cancer cells than in their nonmetastatic counterparts, whereas it did not cause cytotoxicity in normal cells. Pharmacologic and short hairpin RNA-mediated Oct-3/4 inhibition rendered bladder cancer cells more resistant to Ad.9OC-induced cytolysis. Replication of Ad.9OC was detected in murine bladder cancer cells and bladder tumor tissues. We also showed the effectiveness of Ad.9OC for treating bladder cancer in subcutaneous, as well as metastatic, bladder tumor models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ad.9OC may have therapeutic potential for treating Oct-3/4-expressing tumors. Especially, metastatic bladder tumors are good target for Ad.9OC treatment. Because Oct-3/4 is expressed in a broad spectrum of cancers, Ad.9OC may be broadly applicable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gia-Shing
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.forename: Chao-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Te
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yo
authors.forename: Chih-Hau
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Meng-Ya
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yin-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Pensee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ai-Li
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shiau
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3