title: An analysis of noise in recurrent neural networks: convergence and generalization.
abstract: Concerns the effect of noise on the performance of feedforward neural nets. We introduce and analyze various methods of injecting synaptic noise into dynamically driven recurrent nets during training. Theoretical results show that applying a controlled amount of noise during training may improve convergence and generalization performance. We analyze the effects of various noise parameters and predict that best overall performance can be achieved by injecting additive noise at each time step. Noise contributes a second-order gradient term to the error function which can be viewed as an anticipatory agent to aid convergence. This term appears to find promising regions of weight space in the beginning stages of training when the training error is large and should improve convergence on error surfaces with local minima. The first-order term is a regularization term that can improve generalization. Specifically, it can encourage internal representations where the state nodes operate in the saturated regions of the sigmoid discriminant function. While this effect can improve performance on automata inference problems with binary inputs and target outputs, it is unclear what effect it will have on other types of problems. To substantiate these predictions, we present simulations on learning the dual parity grammar from temporal strings for all noise models, and present simulations on learning a randomly generated six-state grammar using the predicted best noise model.
authors.affiliation: NEC Res. Inst., Princeton, NJ.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jim
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Horne