[Comparative impact of three malaria preventive regimens during pregnancy on maternal anemia due to malaria in Burkina Faso].
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three regimens of malaria prevention during pregnancy for the reduction of anemia between the first and third antenatal consultations. The first treatment arm was the classical weekly chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine; the other two were the intermittent preventive treatment using either three doses of chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.


METHODS
We conducted an open, randomized, three-arm study in a rural district of Burkina Faso. A cohort was constituted by 648 pregnant women of any parity.


RESULTS
The hemoglobin gain was more significant with the intermittent preventive treatment using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine compared to the other treatment arms. The hemoglobin increased from 10.3g/dl (at the first antenatal consultation) to 11.4 g/dl (at the third antenatal consultation). In the three arms of treatment, the chemoprophylaxis reduced the prevalence of moderate anemia and severe anemia. The reduction of moderate anemia was more substantial in the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine arm (65.6 to 36.7%) at second antenatal consultation (p=0.069) and third antenatal consultation (p=0.014). Conversely, in the two chloroquine arms, there was no significant reduction either at second antenatal consultation (p=0.72) or third antenatal consultation (p=0.55). The prevalence of peripheral parasitemia decreased in all treatment groups. However, it was significantly higher in the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine group (44.3%).


CONCLUSIONS
Intermittent preventive treatment with three doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is a more effective strategy to prevent maternal anemia during pregnancy in Burkina Faso.
Ouédraogo
A
A
Centre national de recherche et de formation sur le paludisme, ministère de la Santé-01, B.P. 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
Bougouma
E C
EC
Diarra
A
A
Konaté
A T
AT
Nébié
I
I
Tiono
A B
AB
Sirima
S B
SB
D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012424:Rural Population; D013413:Sulfadoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000962:Antimalarials; D013413:Sulfadoxine; D002738:Chloroquine; D011739:Pyrimethamine