title: Born approximation for the nonparaxial scalar treatment of thick phase gratings.
abstract: The conventional design of phase gratings or kinoforms with a paraxial transmission function is restricted to the paraxial domain and thin elements. Therefore, the design and analysis of thick phase-relief structures require a nonparaxial theory, as given by the Born approximation. The Born approximation is derived as an extension of the scalar thin-element theory, which is applicable for thick elements with large propagation angles. As an example, general prism gratings on curved surfaces are treated.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiziani