title: Induction of parturition with daily low-dose oxytocin injections in pregnant mares at term: clinical applications and limitations.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical applications and limitations of daily low-dose oxytocin injections for the induction of parturition in pregnant at term mares, the attention was focussed on the efficacy of the treatment and on its possible negative effects on mare and foal. Three-hundred and fifty pregnant full term Standardbred mares were used: 176 were allowed to foal spontaneously, 174 were treated daily with 3.5 IU of oxytocin i.m. when mammary secretion showed a calcium concentration >or= 200 ppm. For each mare, gestational length, outcome and duration of foaling, placenta expulsion time were recorded. Physical and behavioural characteristics of each foal were also recorded. Administration of oxytocin resulted in the delivery of a normal foal within 120 min in 68.9% of treated mares: 51.3% responded to the first oxytocin administration, 14.2% to the second and 3.4% to the third. No significant difference between treated and control mares was observed in the gestational length (340 +/- 8 days vs 337 +/- 7 days), duration of foaling (10 +/- 5.6 min vs 11 +/- 4.9 min), incidence of dystocia (1.4% vs 1.7%) and failure of rupture of the allantochorion (0% vs 0.6%). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of placental retention between treated and control groups (8.1% vs 6.3%). Physical and behavioural characteristics were normal in foals of both groups. In conclusion, daily injections of low doses of oxytocin in at term mares showed only moderate efficacy for inducing parturition. However, the easy applicability and the complete safety for both mare and foal, of this method of foaling induction makes it a useful tool to simplify the management of mares in commercial stud farms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. m.villani@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D010121:Oxytocin; D002118:Calcium