Echinacea in infection.
Ongoing studies have developed strategies for identifying key bioactive compounds and chemical profiles in Echinacea with the goal of improving its human health benefits. Antiviral and antiinflammatory-antipain assays have targeted various classes of chemicals responsible for these activities. Analysis of polar fractions of E. purpurea extracts showed the presence of antiviral activity, with evidence suggesting that polyphenolic compounds other than the known HIV inhibitor, cichoric acid, may be involved. Antiinflammatory activity differed by species, with E. sanguinea having the greatest activity and E. angustifolia, E. pallida, and E. simulata having somewhat less. Fractionation and studies with pure compounds indicate that this activity is explained, at least in part, by the alkamide constituents. Ethanol extracts from Echinacea roots had potent activity as novel agonists of TRPV1, a mammalian pain receptor reported as an integrator of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia and a prime therapeutic target for analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs. One fraction from E. purpurea ethanol extract was bioactive in this system. Interestingly, the antiinflammatory compounds identified to inhibit prostaglandin E(2) production differed from those involved in TRPV1 receptor activation.
Birt
Diane F
DF
The Center for Research on Botanical Dietary Supplements, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. dbirt@iastate.edu
Widrlechner
Mark P
MP
Lalone
Carlie A
CA
Wu
Lankun
L
Bae
Jaehoon
J
Solco
Avery Ks
AK
Kraus
George A
GA
Murphy
Patricia A
PA
Wurtele
Eve S
ES
Leng
Qiang
Q
Hebert
Steven C
SC
Maury
Wendy J
WJ
Price
Jason P
JP
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020900:Echinacea; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018517:Plant Roots; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D059808:Polyphenols; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000819:agonists
D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C494484:TRPV1 receptor