title: Intravenous colistin sulphomethate sodium for therapy of infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and toxicity of intravenous colistin in the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients received colistin sulphomethate sodium (mean dose, 4.4mg/kg/day; median duration, 20days). The main infections were pneumonia or tracheobronchitis (63.3%), intra-abdominal (10%), urinary tract (8.3%), and surgical site infection (6.6%), primary bacteremia (5%), catheter infection (3.3%), meningitis (1.6%), and soft-tissue infection (1.6%). The responsible bacteria were Acinetobacter spp. (50%), P. aeruginosa (23.3%), K. pneumoniae (13.3%), Enterobacter spp. (10%), E. coli (1.6%), and S. maltophilia (1.6%). Eight patients (13%) received colistin monotherapy, and 52 (87%) received combination therapy with other antibiotics such as beta-lactams (15 cases), aminoglycosides (14), beta-lactams and aminoglycosides (15), or ciprofloxacin (8). A favourable response was observed in 43 cases (71.7%). Overall mortality was 26.7%. Despite the common use of combination therapy with aminoglycosides (48%), nephrotoxicity during colistin therapy was observed in only 10.9% of patients; most of them had previous renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colistin appears to be an effective and safe drug for therapy of severe infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Despite the concomitant use of aminoglycosides in a high proportion of patients, renal toxicity was an uncommon adverse event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. vpintado.hrc@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: Lucía García
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: San Miguel
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mejía
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fortún
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Dávila
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003091:Colistin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003091:Colistin