title: Nonlinear least-squares and phase-shifting quantization methods for diffractive optical element design.
abstract: A new, to our knowledge, design method for diffractive optical elements (DOE's) is described and compared with existing methods. The technique applies a nonlinear least-squares algorithm to design two-dimensional pure phase DOE's that reconstruct a desired diffraction pattern with high uniformity, efficiency, and signal-to-noise ratio. The technique also uses a phase-shifting quantization procedure that greatly reduces the quantization error for DOE's to a minimum level. In this paper, we compare simulated reconstruction results of DOE's designed by use of these methods with results obtained by the commonly used two-stage iterative Fourier transform design algorithm of Wyrowski. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 961, (1990)].
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sawchuk