Mechanisms of apoptosis resistance and treatment strategies to overcome them in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
New therapeutic strategies are needed to improve treatment outcomes in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell death in response to therapeutic strategies will help avoid ineffective treatment regimens and provide a molecular basis for new therapeutic modalities targeting apoptosis-resistant forms of prostate cancer. In this review, the authors focused on the established aberrations of apoptosis in hormone-refractory prostate cancer, and they have described novel treatment strategies to overcome apoptosis resistance.
Uzzo
Robert G
RG
Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
Haas
Naomi B
NB
Crispen
Paul L
PL
Kolenko
Vladimir M
VM
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins