title: The "A, B and C" of Her-2 DNA vaccine development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of Her-2 DNA vaccine has progressed through three phases that can be categorized as phase "A": the pursuit of Her-2 as a tumor-associated "antigen", phase "B": tilting the "balance" between tumor immunity and autoimmunity and phase "C": the on-going "clinical trials".
  
  
  METHODS
  In phase "A", a panel of human ErbB-2 or Her-2 plasmids were constructed to encode non-transforming Her-2 derivatives. The immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity of Her-2 DNA vaccines were tested in human Her-2 transgenic mice with or without the depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, Treg depletion or other immune modulating regimens may increase the risk of autoimmunity. In phase "B", the balance between tumor immunity and autoimmunity was assessed by monitoring the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT). To test the efficacy of Her-2 DNA vaccines in cancer patients, clinical trials have been initiated in phase "C".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant anti-Her-2 and anti-tumor activity was observed when Her-2 transgenic mice were electro-vaccinated after Treg depletion. Susceptibility to EAT was also enhanced by Treg depletion and there was mutual amplification between Her-2 immunity and EAT development. Although Tregs regulate both EAT and Her-2 immunity, their effector mechanisms may differ. It may be possible to amplify tumor immunity with improved strategies that can by-pass undue autoimmunity. Critical information will be revealed in the next decade to expedite the development of cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, 110 E. Warren Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. weiw@karmanos.org
authors.forename: Wei-Zen
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Radkevich-Brown
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: Yi-chi M
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D019444:Vaccines, DNA