title: Prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a retrospective multi-centre study to determine the characteristics of prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and to analyse the relation with immunosuppressive maintenance therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from 19 French transplant centres diagnosed with prostate cancer at least 1 year after kidney transplantation were included in this study. Data regarding demographics, kidney transplantation, prostate cancer and immunosuppressive treatment were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two patients met the eligibility criteria for this study. Thirty-eight patients (61.3%) received calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) and azathioprine (AZA) with or without steroids, twenty received CNI with or without steroids (32.2%) and four received CNI and mycophenolate mofetil (6.5%). Patients with CNI and AZA immunosuppressive therapy presented more high-stage cancer (T3 and T4) when compared to patients receiving CNI alone (47.5% versus 15%, respectively, P = 0.03). A non-significant increase in lymph node invasion was found in patients receiving CNI and AZA compared to patients receiving CNI alone (21% versus 5%, P = 0.16). In the multivariate analysis, the immunosuppressive regimen with CNI and AZA was the only independent risk factor for locally advanced disease (P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that RTR are at risk for early occurrence and for locally advanced prostate cancer, especially when they received a CNI and AZA maintenance immunosuppressive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Committee of the French Urological Association, Paris, France. francois.kleinclauss@univ-fcomte.fr
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kleinclauss
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Neuzillet
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouzin
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iborra
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lechevallier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine