title: Prognostic significance of serial determinations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the follow-up of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early recognition of disease progression in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is an important decision point concerning intensive therapies. In a screen program searching for dynamic prognostic determinants, we have identified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a most suitable follow-up parameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  LDH levels were serially determined in 221 patients with de novo MDS (median age 70 years, range 24-94). The increase in LDH was correlated with survival and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) evolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirming previous data, an elevated LDH at diagnosis was found to be associated with an increased probability of AML evolution and decreased probability of survival (P < 0.05). In the follow-up, we found that in patients who progressed (to higher IPSS category or AML), LDH levels were significantly higher in the two 3-month period preceding progression compared with the initial two 3-month period (P < 0.005). In a subgroup of patients, the increase in LDH was accompanied or followed by other signs of disease progression, such as occurrence of thrombocytopenia or appearance of circulating blasts. In multivariate analyses, the LDH increase was found to be an independent prognostic variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDH is an interesting follow-up parameter in MDS, which may assist in early recognition of disease progression and thus help in risk stratification and patient selection for interventional therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wimazal
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Sperr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vales
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonatsch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thalhammer-Scherrer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwarzinger
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000201:enzymology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase