title: Field measurement of diesel particulate matter emissions.
abstract: A primary means to reduce environmental levels of diesel particulate matter (DPM) exposure to miners is to reduce the amount of DPM emission from the engine. A quick and economic method to estimate engine particulate emission levels has been developed. The method relies on the measurement of pressure increase across a filter element that is briefly used to collect a DPM sample directly from the engine exhaust. The method has been refined with the inclusion of an annular aqueous denuder to the tube which permits dry filter samples to be obtained without addition of dilution air. Tailpipe filter samples may then be directly collected in hot and water-supersaturated exhaust gas flows from water bath-cooled coal mine engines without the need for dilution air. Measurement of a differential pressure (DP) increase with time has been related to the mass of elemental carbon (EC) on the filter. Results for laboratory and field measurements of the method showed agreement between DP increase and EC collected on the filter with R(2) values >0.86. The relative standard deviation from replicate samples of DP and EC was 0.16 and 0.11, respectively. The method may also have applications beyond mining, where qualitative evaluation of engine emissions is desirable to determine if engine or control technology maintenance may be required.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. jdv1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Volkwein
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mischler
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005742:Gasoline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008906:Mining; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D005742:Gasoline; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon