title: Noncontact stimulation of the cavernous nerves in the rat prostate using a tunable-wavelength thulium fiber laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laser nerve stimulation has recently been studied in neuroscience as an alternative to electrical stimulation. Its advantages include noncontact stimulation, better spatial selectivity, and elimination of electrical stimulation artifacts. This study explored laser stimulation of the rat cavernous nerves as a potential alternative to electrical nerve mapping during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cavernous nerves were surgically exposed in 10 male rats. A thulium fiber laser stimulated the nerves, with a wavelength of 1870 nm, pulse energy of 7.5 mJ, radiant exposure of 1 J/cm2, pulse duration of 2.5 msec, pulse rate of 10 Hz, and 1-mm laser spot diameter, for a stimulation time of 60 sec.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant increase in the intracavernosal pressure was detected on laser stimulation, with pressure returning to baseline values after stimulation ceased. This study demonstrates the feasibility of noncontact stimulation of the cavernous nerves using near-infrared laser radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA. nmfried@uncc.edu
authors.forename: Nathaniel M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Gwen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lagoda
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011467:Prostate / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013932:Thulium
chemical_list: D013932:Thulium