title: Efficacy of lidocaine spray as topical anesthesia for outpatient rigid cystoscopy in women: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and feasibility of urethral lidocaine spray for rigid cystoscopy in female outpatients, compared with lidocaine gel for patient tolerance of pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 144 consecutive women scheduled to undergo rigid cystoscopy were randomized to receive either 10 mL of lidocaine gel (group 1, n = 48), five metered doses of 10% lidocaine spray (group 2, n = 48), or 10 mL of plain lubricating gel (group 3, n = 48). Patients recorded their level of pain perception during gel instillation or spray and immediately after the procedure using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and a 5-point verbal descriptor scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The perception of pain was significantly decreased when lidocaine spray was used (mean VAS scores 1.9 +/- 1.3 for group 2 versus 3.9 +/- 2.2 for group 3; P <0.001). There was no difference in pain perception when lidocaine spray or gel was used (P = 0.113). Four patients in group 1 and 1 in group 2 but 10 in group 3 requested post-cystoscopic analgesics. There was a slight increase in pain perception on the VAS during the intraurethral application with lidocaine spray (2.2 +/- 1.5) compared with lidocaine gel (0.7 +/- 1.1) or plain gel (1.0 +/- 1.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lidocaine spray and lidocaine gel produce similar anesthetic effects in women undergoing rigid cystoscopy. However, concerns about the mild discomfort associated with delivery of the spray need to be resolved through future technical improvement before it gains widespread use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cheil General Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyun Moo
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine