title: Mechanisms of apoptosis resistance and treatment strategies to overcome them in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: New therapeutic strategies are needed to improve treatment outcomes in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell death in response to therapeutic strategies will help avoid ineffective treatment regimens and provide a molecular basis for new therapeutic modalities targeting apoptosis-resistant forms of prostate cancer. In this review, the authors focused on the established aberrations of apoptosis in hormone-refractory prostate cancer, and they have described novel treatment strategies to overcome apoptosis resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Uzzo
authors.forename: Naomi B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Crispen
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kolenko
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins