title: Oral manifestations in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a single-center case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the occurrence of oral pathological changes and symptoms in patients affected by gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  
  
  METHODS
  200 patients with GERD and 100 matched healthy controls were studied. Thorough visual examination of the dental and oral mucosal tissues was performed and medical history relevant to oral symptoms was collected. The primary outcome was defined as a statistically significant difference, between the study group and controls, in the presence of the following indicators: soft/hard palate and uvula erythema, tooth wear, xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis and dental sensitivity. Statistical analysis included chi-squared test, and crude odds ratio with 95% CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed that xerostomia, oral acid/burning sensation, subjective halitosis, and soft and hard palate mucosa and uvula erythema were more common in patients with GERD than matched controls (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study failed to find any significant association between GERD and dental erosions, whereas some symptoms and other objective oral mucosal changes were found to be significantly associated with GERD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Dentistry, Oral Medicine Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Di Fede
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Liberto
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campisi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D004890:Erythema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D006209:Halitosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology*; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000473:pathology