title: Protein kinase Cdelta mediates cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated translocation of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and multidrug resistant associated protein 2 in rat hepatocytes.
abstract: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates translocation of Na(+)-taurocholate (TC) cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp) and multidrug resistant associated protein 2 (Mrp2) to the plasma membrane. Because cAMP activates phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C (PKC) activation is PI3K-dependent, the aim of the current study was to determine whether cAMP activates conventional and novel PKCs in hepatocytes and whether such activation plays a role in cAMP-stimulated Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation. The effect of cAMP on PKCs, TC uptake, and Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes using a cell-permeable cAMP analog, CPT-cAMP. The activity of PKCs was assessed from membrane translocation of individual PKCs, and phospho-specific antibodies were used to determine PKCdelta phosphorylation. TC uptake was determined from time-dependent uptake of (14)C-TC, and a cell surface biotinylation method was used to determine Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation. CPT-cAMP stimulated nPKCdelta but not cPKCalpha or nPKCepsilon, and induced PI3K-dependent phosphorylation of nPKCdelta at Thr(505). Rottlerin, an inhibitor of nPKCdelta, inhibited cAMP-induced nPKCdelta translocation, TC uptake, and Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation. Bistratene A, an activator of nPKCdelta, stimulated nPKCdelta translocation, TC uptake, and Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation. The effects of cAMP and bistratene A on TC uptake and Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation were not additive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that cAMP stimulates Ntcp and Mrp2 translocation, at least in part, by activating nPKCdelta via PI3K-dependent phosphorylation at Thr(505).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schonhoff
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gillin
authors.forename: Cynthia R L
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: M Sawkat
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anwer
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C423013:Abcc2 protein, rat; D000081:Acetamides; D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D011714:Pyrans; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D027981:Symporters; C059975:bistratene A; C071908:sodium-bile acid cotransporter; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D000242:Cyclic AMP; C085746:rottlerin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta