title: Retinal disease in Usher syndrome III caused by mutations in the clarin-1 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the retinal phenotype of Usher syndrome type III (USH3A) caused by clarin-1 (CLRN1) gene mutations in a non-Finnish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with USH3A (n = 13; age range, 24-69) representing 11 different families were studied and the results compared with those from patients with USH2A (n = 24; age range, 17-66). The patients were evaluated by ocular examination, kinetic and static perimetry, near-infrared autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of 11 families had Ashkenazi Jewish origins and the N48K CLRN1 mutation. Rod function was lost in the peripheral field in the first two decades of life, but central rod function could be retained for another decade. Peripheral cone function was detectable into the third decade of life. Central cone function had a slower decline that extended for decades. Photoreceptor layer loss and features of retinal remodeling were present in retinal regions with severe visual dysfunction, even at the youngest ages tested. Central retinal structure could be normal in younger patients but structural integrity was lost in older patients. RPE disease generally paralleled photoreceptor degeneration. Comparisons between USH3A and USH2A suggested a common rod and cone phenotype but a more accelerated time course of rod loss in USH3A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  USH3A and USH2A share patterns of rod and cone dysfunction and retinal structural abnormalities. Peripheral function measurements showed USH3A to be more rapidly progressive than USH2A.
authors.affiliation: Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Waldo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Tomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.forename: Artur V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cideciyan
authors.forename: Alejandro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Banin
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Yosef
authors.forename: Leigh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumaroka
authors.forename: Elizabeth A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Edwin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Xue-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kimberling
authors.forename: Samuel G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000502:physiology; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D052245:Usher Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C437067:CLRN1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins