title: The effect of laparoscopy access and antibiotics on the outcome of severe bacterial peritonitis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of severe bacterial peritonitis, especially by videolaparoscopy, is still a matter of investigation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of videolaparoscopy and laparotomy access with or without antibiotics on the outcome of severe bacterial peritonitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four male Wistar rats were equally assigned to 8 groups: Sham surgery (SHAM), SHAM+antibiotics (SHAM+AB), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP+AB, CLP+videolaparoscopy (VLAP), CLP+laparotomy (LAP), VLAP+AB, and LAP+AB. All treated animals were submitted to an evaluation of bacteremia, white cell counts, and cytokine determinations: interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The groups treated with antibiotics received gentamicin and metronidazole. Survival was monitored over a period of 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peritonitis induced by CLP was severe, with IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and lethality being significantly higher compared to the SHAM group. The IL-6 levels in the VLAP group were significantly higher compared to the CLP and VLAP+AB groups, and the TNF-alpha levels in the VLAP and LAP+AB groups were significantly higher compared to the LAP group. The survival time was significantly higher in the CLP+AB and VLAP+AB groups, when compared to the CLP group. There was no significant difference in bacteremia and lethality rates between the resources employed for treatment of peritonitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the use of laparoscopic access itself exacerbates the inflammatory response, the combination with antibiotics minimizes this effect and increases the survival time. However, all of the resources used for treating severe peritonitis, when applied alone or in combination, have an equivalent influence on bacteremia and lethality rates.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: José S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Fernando Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cunha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000628:therapy; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha