title: Does transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) affect outcome in patients who subsequently develop prostate cancer?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a strong predictor of prostate cancer outcome after radiotherapy and is a key parameter in pretreatment risk assessment. Because PSA is secreted from both benign and malignant tissue, a prior transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) may lower pretreatment PSA levels out of proportion to the extent of cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a history of TURP is associated with increased biochemical failure (BF) after definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1989 to October 2001, 1135 men with low to intermediate risk T1c-2NX/0M0 (2002 AJCC) prostate cancer with a pretreatment PSA less than 20 ng/mL received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (median dose, 76 Gy) without androgen deprivation. The median pretreatment PSA was 7.4 ng/mL (range, 0.4 to 19.9). There were 126 men with a prior history of TURP. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses for BF (nadir + 2 ng/mL definition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariable analysis, Gleason score (GS), PSA, and T-stage were significant predictors of BF in a model containing TURP and dose. A history of TURP was not a significant independent predictor of BF on subgroup analysis. There was a trend toward significance for the subgroup of GS less than 7 (P = 0.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of prior TURP does not affect outcome after RT for prostate cancer in low to intermediate risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: David Y T
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Buyyounouski
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen