title: An analysis of noninstrumented posterolateral lumbar fusions performed in predominantly geriatric patients using lamina autograft and beta tricalcium phosphate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The artificial bone-volume expander, beta tricalcium phosphate (B-TCP, Vitoss, OrthoVita, Malvern, PA), is increasingly used to supplement autograft in posterolateral lumbar fusions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine fusion rates/outcomes using B-TCP/autograft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fusion rates and outcomes were assessed for 60 predominantly geriatric patients undergoing multilevel lumbar laminectomies and 1- to 2-level noninstrumented fusions using B-TCP/autograft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on average were 70 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Odom's criteria and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) outcomes were studied 2 years postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients underwent an average of 5.4-level laminectomies with 1- to 2-level noninstrumented fusions. Based on dynamic X-ray/magnetic resonance/computed tomography (CT) studies, laminectomies addressed multilevel stenosis (60 patients), ossification of the yellow ligament (46 patients), disc herniations (20 patients), or synovial cysts (8 patients), and fusions addressed degenerative spondylolisthesis (48 patients), spondylolisthesis/lysis (2 patients), or degenerative scoliosis (10 patients). The fusion mass on each side contained half of all harvested autograft combined with one to 1.5 strips of B-TCP (saturated in 10cc of bone marrow aspirate/strip). Fusion rates were documented by two independent neuroradiologists using both dynamic X-rays, and thin-cut CT (2-dimensional/3-dimensional CT) studies obtained up to 2 years postoperatively. Odom's criteria and SF-36 outcomes were assessed over the same interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pseudarthrosis was documented in nine (15%) patients. Two years postoperatively, Odom's criteria revealed 28 excellent, 23 good, 5 fair, and 4 poor results, whereas SF-36 data revealed improvement on 6 of 8 Health Scales in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 15% pseudarthrosis rate followed multilevel laminectomy and 1- to 2-level noninstrumented posterolateral fusion using lamina autograft/B-TCP.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Surgery, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. dch3@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate