title: Relationship of body condition score, live weight, stocking rate and grazing system to the mortality of Angora goats from hypothermia and their use in the assessment of welfare risks.
abstract: Body condition scoring is widely used for sheep and cattle but the practice is included in only one Code of Practice for the welfare of goats in Australia. There is no published scientific evidence to support or defend its use in the assessment of welfare risks to farmed goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The significance of stocking rate, grazing system, body condition score (CS) and live weight were investigated in explaining the risk of mortality of individual and flocks of grazing Angora goats from hypothermia following a severe weather event in April. This event occurred 5 weeks after shearing the goats. Angora goats and Saxon Merino sheep were grazed alone, or mixed together in equal numbers at each of three stocking rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no mortality amongst Angora goats provided they grazed at the lowest stocking rate even when their CS was < or = 2.0. Mortality in flocks of Angora goats was most related to the CS reached during the preceding 2 months. For flocks of Angora goats there was no mortality at CS > or = 2.5 and mortality increased sharply at mean CS < 2.0. For individual Angora goats, mortality increased as CS declined and stocking rate and grazing combinations were additive in effect on mortality. Grazing with sheep increased mortality of Angora goats at higher stocking rates. The individual goat mortality rate was not dependent on individual plot effects suggesting that these results are applicable widely. Live weight loss was not related to mortality rates of goats once CS had been accounted for.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that CS and stocking rate were highly significant determinants of welfare risk in Angora goats.
authors.affiliation: Livestock Systems, Department of Primary Industries, Attwood, VIC, Australia. bmcgregor@sub.net.au
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology