title: STAT5-signaling cytokines regulate the expression of FOXP3 in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and CD4+CD25- effector T cells.
abstract: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is considered a specific marker for CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, but increasing evidence suggests that human CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T (Teff) cells can transiently express FOXP3 upon activation. We demonstrate that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)-signaling cytokines, IL-2, IL-15 and to a lesser extent IL-7, induce FOXP3 up-regulation in vitro in activated human Teff cells. In contrast, cytokines which do not activate STAT5, such as IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta alone, do not directly induce FOXP3 expression in activated Teff cells. Moreover, expression of a constitutively active form of STAT5a is sufficient to induce FOXP3 expression in Teff cells. Expression of FOXP3 in activated Teff cells requires both TCR-mediated activation and endogenous IL-2, but is not dependent on cell division and does not induce suppressive function. The presence of STAT5-activating cytokines is also required to maintain high FOXP3 expression and suppressive activity of Treg cells in vitro. These data indicate that activation of STAT5 sustains FOXP3 expression in both Treg and Teff cells and contribute to our understanding of how cytokines affect the expression of FOXP3.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passerini
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Nunzio
authors.forename: Alicia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Alstad
authors.forename: Megan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Levings
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Roncarolo
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bacchetta
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D020123:Sirolimus