title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha persistently activates nuclear factor-kappaB signaling through the type 2 TNF receptor in chromaffin cells: implications for long-term regulation of neuropeptide gene expression in inflammation.
abstract: Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla elaborate and secrete catecholamines and neuropeptides for hormonal and paracrine signaling in stress and during inflammation. We have recently documented the action of the cytokine TNF-alpha on neuropeptide secretion and biosynthesis in isolated bovine chromaffin cells. Here, we demonstrate that the type 2 TNF-alpha receptor (TNF-R2) mediates TNF-alpha signaling in chromaffin cells via activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB. Microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization have been used to identify TNF-alpha target genes in addition to those encoding the neuropeptides galanin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and secretogranin II in chromaffin cells. TNF-alpha, acting through the TNF-R2, causes an early up-regulation of NF-kappaB, long-lasting induction of the NF-kappaB target gene inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB), and persistent stimulation of other NF-kappaB-associated genes including mitogen-inducible gene-6 (MIG-6), which acts as an IkappaB signaling antagonist, and butyrate-induced transcript 1. Consistent with long-term activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway, delayed induction of neuropeptide gene transcription by TNF-alpha in chromaffin cells is blocked by an antagonist of NF-kappaB signaling. TNF-alpha-dependent signaling in neuroendocrine cells thus leads to a unique, persistent mode of NF-kappaB activation that features long-lasting transcription of both IkappaB and MIG-6, which may play a role in the long-lasting effects of TNF-alpha in regulating neuropeptide output from the adrenal, a potentially important feedback station for modulating long-term cytokine effects in inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
authors.forename: Djida
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ait-Ali
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turquier
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanguy
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thouënnon
authors.forename: Hafida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghzili
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mounien
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derambure
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jégou
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salier
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vaudry
authors.forename: Lee E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eiden
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anouar
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012313:RNA