title: Nifedipine inhibits the progression of an experimentally induced cerebral aneurysm in rats with associated down-regulation of NF-kappa B transcriptional activity.
abstract: Cerebral aneurysm (CA) causes a life-threatening subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, no effective medical treatment to prevent the growth of CA is available. Nifedipine, a widely used calcium antagonist, was shown to improve endothelial function in various cardiovascular diseases. We examined whether nifedipine has a protective effect on CA progression. CAs were experimentally induced in Sprague-Dawley rats followed by intraperitoneal injection of either 10mg/kg of nifedipine per day or vehicle. The size and media thickness of CAs were measured one month after aneurysm induction. NF-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity in aneurysmal walls was assessed by immunohistochemistry for activated NF-kappaB p65 subunit and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of monocyte chomoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 in aneurysmal walls was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. To examine whether nifedipine has a suppressive effect on preexisting CAs, nifedipine administration started at one month after aneurysm induction and pathological changes were assessed at two months after aneurysm induction. Aneurysm size was smaller and the media was thicker in the nifedipine-treated group even though blood pressure was not different between groups. Nifedipine inhibited DNA binding of NF-kappaB in aneurysmal walls. As regards MCP-1 expression and macrophage, which is the main inflammatory cell in the aneurysmal walls, infiltration into aneurysmal walls was decreased by nifedipine. Immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography showed that the expression and activity of MMP-2 was also reduced by nifedipine. Furthermore, nifedipine significantly prevented the enlargement and degeneration of aneurysmal walls of preexisting CAs. Nifedipine may be useful as a medical drug for patients with CAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. tomoaoki@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay / Q000379:methods; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D009543:Nifedipine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat