title: Efficacy of a polyphosphazene nanocoat in reducing thrombogenicity, in-stent stenosis, and inflammatory response in porcine renal and iliac artery stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is hypothesized that the inorganic polymer poly[bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene] (PTFEP) reduces stent-associated thrombosis, in-stent stenosis, and inflammatory response and stimulates reendothelialization in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTFEP-nanocoated and bare stainless-steel stents (316 L) were implanted bilaterally in renal and iliac arteries of 16 minipigs (1, 4, and 12 weeks follow-up durations). Primary study endpoints were thrombogenicity determined by filling defects on angiography and in-stent stenosis assessed by lumen loss on quantitative angiography (ie, percentage stenosis) and light microscopy (ie, neointimal thickness, neointimal area, area stenosis). Secondary endpoints were inflammatory response and reendothelialization evaluated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was successful in 32 renal and 26 iliac arteries. At follow-up, there were no thrombus depositions on PTFEP-coated renal and iliac stents. Thrombus depositions were found on two of six bare metal iliac stents after 4 weeks (P = .0651). PTFEP-coated stents showed a trend toward reduced in-stent stenosis in all renal and iliac arteries at all intervals: in iliac stents, neointimal area was significantly smaller in coated stents than in bare metal stents after 1 week and 4 weeks (P = .03 and P = .001, respectively). In renal arteries, inflammation scores indicated lower inflammatory response in PTFEP-coated stents than in bare metal stents after 1 week (P = .01). After 1 week, coated and bare metal stents exhibited complete reendothelialization on SEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTFEP-coated stents exhibited reduced thrombus deposition and a trend toward less in-stent stenosis and inflammatory response than bare metal stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satzl
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christoph
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radeleff
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stampfl
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stampfl
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Goetz Martin
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007083:Iliac Artery; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011108:Polymers; C081660:poly(bis(trifluoroethoxy)phosphazene)