title: Perturbed desmosomal cadherin expression in grainy head-like 1-null mice.
abstract: In Drosophila, the grainy head (grh) gene plays a range of key developmental roles through the regulation of members of the cadherin gene family. We now report that mice lacking the grh homologue grainy head-like 1 (Grhl1) exhibit hair and skin phenotypes consistent with a reduction in expression of the genes encoding the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). Grhl1-null mice show an initial delay in coat growth, and older mice exhibit hair loss as a result of poor anchoring of the hair shaft in the follicle. The mice also develop palmoplantar keratoderma, analogous to humans with DSG1 mutations. Sequence analysis, DNA binding, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the human and mouse Dsg1 promoters are direct targets of GRHL1. Ultrastructural analysis reveals reduced numbers of abnormal desmosomes in the interfollicular epidermis. These findings establish GRHL1 as an important regulator of the Dsg1 genes in the context of hair anchorage and epidermal differentiation, and suggest that cadherin family genes are key targets of the grainy head-like genes across 700 million years of evolution.
authors.affiliation: Rotary Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Melbourne Health Research Directorate, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilanowski
authors.forename: Jacinta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caddy
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Nikki R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Hislop
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerruti
authors.forename: Alana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auden
authors.forename: Lin-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asquith
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D051183:Desmoglein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051181:Desmosomal Cadherins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D003896:Desmosomes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006197:Hair / Q000002:abnormalities; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051181:Desmosomal Cadherins; C528337:Grhl1 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins