title: Cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab--an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  E4599 was a phase II/phase III trial, in which 878 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomized to carboplatin + paclitaxel (PC arm) or PC + bevacizumab (BPC arm). Survival and progression-free survival were superior on the BPC arm. The rationale for markers used in this correlative study was based on elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and E-selectin in a variety of malignancies and changes in response to endothelial cell apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective correlates included measurements of pretreatment plasma VEGF, as well as pretreatment and week 7, bFGF, ICAM, and E-selectin. Low and high levels were defined as less than or equal to or more than the median.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E-selectin (P < 0.0001) showed a decrease and bFGF showed an increase (P = 0.004) from baseline at week 7, which were similar in both arms. Baseline ICAM showed significant associations with response and survival in both groups. Patients with low baseline ICAM had a higher response rate (32% versus 14%; P = 0.02), better overall survival (P = 0.00005), and better 1-year survival (65% versus 25%) than those with high ICAM, respectively, regardless of treatment arm. Patients with high VEGF levels were more likely to respond to BPC compared with PC, but this was not predictive of survival. The results also suggest a benefit from bevacizumab for patients with low baseline ICAM levels (53% reduction in the progression-free survival hazard rate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, baseline ICAM levels were prognostic for survival and predictive of response to chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. VEGF levels were predictive of response to bevacizumab but not survival.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Case Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44016, USA. afshin.dowlati@case.edu
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowlati
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Joan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D019040:E-Selectin; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel