Protein tyrosine phosphatases in autoimmunity.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulators of many cellular functions and a growing number of PTPs have been implicated in human disease conditions, such as developmental defects, neoplastic disorders, and immunodeficiency. Here, we review the involvement of PTPs in human autoimmunity. The leading examples include the allelic variant of the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22), which is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, and mutations that affect the exon-intron splicing of CD45 (PTPRC). We also find it likely that additional PTPs are involved in susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Finally, we discuss the possibility that PTPs regulating the immune system may serve as therapeutic targets.
Vang
Torkel
T
Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. tvang@burnham.org
Miletic
Ana V
AV
Arimura
Yutaka
Y
Tautz
Lutz
L
Rickert
Robert C
RC
Mustelin
Tomas
T
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; C516769:PTPRC protein, human; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases