title: Regulation of transcription factor NFAT by ADP-ribosylation.
abstract: ADP-ribosylation is a reversible posttranslational modification mediated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). The results of recent studies demonstrate that ADP-ribosylation contributes to transcription regulation. Here, we report that transcription factor NFAT binds to and is ADP-ribosylated by PARP-1 in an activation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ADP-ribosylation increases NFAT DNA binding. Functionally, NFAT-mediated interleukin-2 (IL-2) expression was reduced in T cells upon genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1. Parp-1(-/-) T cells also exhibit reduced expression of other NFAT-dependent cytokines, such as IL-4. Together, these results demonstrate that ADP-ribosylation mediated by PARP-1 provides a molecular switch to positively regulate NFAT-dependent cytokine gene transcription. These results also imply that, similar to the effect of calcineurin inhibition, PARP-1 inhibition may be beneficial in modulating immune functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Opeyemi A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Olabisi
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soto-Nieves
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nieves
authors.forename: Teddy T C
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Raymond Y L
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hee Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Suk
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macian
authors.forename: Chi-Wing
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494007:Nfatc2 protein, mouse; C467907:Nfatc4 protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases