title: Contemporary open radical cystectomy: analysis of perioperative outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The feasibility of laparoscopic or robotic assisted radical cystectomy has been demonstrated in several small series, but the specific advantages are uncertain and require comparisons to more recent results that incorporate refinements in open technique and perioperative management. We reviewed our contemporary radical cystectomy series to evaluate perioperative outcome measures which could be affected by surgical approach for the purpose of establishing contemporary benchmarks for future comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 553 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy from January 2000 through June of 2005 were reviewed. Perioperative and demographic data, type of urinary diversion, hospital stay, complications and perioperative mortality were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age was 69 years (range 22 to 94) and average American Society of Anesthesiologists classification was 2.7. Median operative time was 258 minutes (range 89 to 801). Mean operative time for ileal conduit diversion was 271 vs 312 minutes for neobladder diversion. Median blood loss was 600 ml (range 200 to 4,200). A total of 210 patients (38%) received a blood transfusion either intraoperatively or within the first 30 days of their procedure. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days (range 4 to 79). Minor and major complications occurred in 209 (38%) and 41 (7.4%) patients, respectively. Perioperative mortality was 1.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that contemporary radical cystectomy can be accomplished through an open operative approach consistently with acceptable morbidity/mortality and with a median length of stay of less than 1 week. Efforts to further reduce morbidity and improve outcomes should continue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA. will.lowrance@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lowrance
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rumohr
authors.forename: Sam S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery