title: Quantitative measurements of bone remodeling using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scans and blood sampling.
abstract: Quantitative studies of bone using (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-MDP) have a potentially valuable role in investigating the treatment of patients with metabolic bone disease. In this study we compared 3 different methods of measuring whole-skeleton (99m)Tc-MDP plasma clearance (K(bone)) in 12 osteoporotic postmenopausal women (mean age, 67.3 y) before participation in a clinical trial of an osteoporosis therapy. The aim was to compare the consistency and accuracy of the 3 methods before their use in evaluating the subjects' response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were injected with 600 MBq (99m)Tc-MDP and 3 MBq (51)Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ((51)Cr-EDTA) and whole-body bone scan images were acquired at 10 min, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Two-minute static images of the thighs were acquired immediately after the 1- to 4-h whole-body scans. Six blood samples were taken between 5 min and 4 h, and free (99m)Tc-MDP was measured using ultrafiltration. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated from the (51)Cr-EDTA plasma curve. The methods used to evaluate K(bone) were (a) the area-under-the-curve (AUC) method, in which the GFR measurement was subtracted from the total (bone plus renal) clearance (K(total)) measured from the free (99m)Tc-MDP plasma curve; (b) the modified Brenner method, in which (99m)Tc-MDP renal clearance estimated from the whole-body counts was subtracted from the total clearance measured from the rate of elimination of tracer from soft tissue; and (c) the Patlak plot method, which was also used to derive regional values of K(bone) for the skull, spine, pelvis, arms, and legs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was good agreement between the 3 methods of measuring K(bone). (mean K(bone) +/- SD: AUC method, 30.3 +/- 6.4 mL x min(-1); Brenner method, 31.1 +/- 5.8 mL x min(-1); Patlak method, 35.7 +/- 5.8 mL x min(-1)). The correlation coefficients between the methods varied from r = 0.767 (P = 0.004) to r = 0.805 (P = 0.002). Regional measurements of (99m)Tc-MDP clearance gave the following percentages of the whole-skeleton clearance: skull, 13.3%; spine, 16.6%; pelvis, 17.2%; arms, 11.1%; legs, 23.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 methods gave consistent and accurate measurements of K(bone). The Patlak method can be used to study regional as well as total-skeleton values of K(bone).
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. amelia.moore@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Amelia E B
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Ignac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fogelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013669:Technetium Tc 99m Medronate