title: Metabolic activation promotes estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogen-rich plant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that metabolic activation can increase the estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogen-rich herb in tests with HepG2 cells. Variation in both plant genetics and harvest season may also influence estrogenic activity of the plant materials. We evaluated the influence of in vitro metabolic activation by S9 mixture on the estrogenic activity of tuberous samples of different cultivars of the phytoestrogen-rich herb, Pueraria mirifica, harvested in different seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plant extracts were derived from the tubers of five plant cultivars collected during summer, rainy season and winter and administered to MCF-7 cultures, an ERalpha-positive human mammary adenocarcinoma cell line for 3 days at dosages of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000microg/ml. These data were compared with the major plant isoflavonoids puerarin, daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein and with 17beta-estradiol, at concentrations of 10(-12) to 10(-6)M. The test system was done in the absence and presence of the S9 mixture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major plant isoflavonoids and the plant extracts exhibited variable degrees of estrogenic activities as evaluated by altered proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line which were significantly enhanced in the presence of the S9 mixture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metabolic activation of plant isoflavonoids at least in vitro by S9 mixture plays a significant role in amplification of the estrogenic activity of the phytoestrogen-rich plant. In addition, the estrogenic activities of the plant samples were potentially influenced by both seasonal changes and plant genetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. cwichai@sc.chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Wichai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cherdshewasart
authors.forename: Suttijit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriwatcharakul
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D029908:Pueraria; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; C040641:genistin; C013908:daidzin; D004958:Estradiol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; C033607:puerarin