title: Role of TGF-beta1 haplotypes in the occurrence of myocardial infarction in young Italian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) gene play an important role in the acute myocardial infarction (AMI), however no investigation has been conducted so far in young AMI patients. In this study, we evaluated the influence of TGF-beta1 polymorphisms/haplotypes on the onset and progression of AMI in young Italian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  201 cases and 201 controls were genotyped for three TGF-beta1 polymorphisms (G-800A, C-509T and Leu10Pro). The main follow-up end-points (mean follow-up, 107 +/- 49 months) were death, myocardial infarction or revascularization procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant risk factors were smoking (p < 10-4), family history for coronary artery disease (p < 10-4), hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.002). The C-509T and Leu10Pro polymorphisms showed significant differences (p = 0.026 and p = 0.004) between cases and controls. The most common haplotypes revealed a possible protective effect (GCT, OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.99, p = 0.042) and an increased risk of AMI (GTC, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.13-2.02, p = 0.005), respectively. No statistical differences were observed in genotype distribution in the follow-up study between the two groups: 61 patients with subsequent events (13 deaths) and 108 without events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though our results need to be further confirmed in larger studies, this is the first study reporting on a possible role of TGFbeta1 common haplotypes in the onset of AMI in young patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Via Santena, Turin, Italy. francecrobu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crobu
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergerone
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carturan
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guarrera
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frea
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trevi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099222:betaIG-H3 Protein