title: Areca chewing in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China: interviews with chewers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To report on Areca chewing (AC) in Xiangtan, Hunan province, China, and to test the knowledge of chewers related to side effects of the habit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews with 276 individuals were performed. A questionnaire including general data, chewing habits, educational level and knowledge about side effects were used. Data were analysed using SPSS. Chi-square test was used at a significance level of P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Around 257 individuals were chewers (male: 54.1%; female: 45.9%) and 19 were former chewers (male: 31.6%; female: 68.4%). Mean age of chewers was 36.1 years. Around 42.4% of chewers smoked; 58.0% had a drinking habit. Average period of chewing was 11.2 years. Around 88.3% of chewers did not include the nut (seed). Around 79.0% considered AC habits negative for general health and 85.2% for oral health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most respondents did not know that AC may induce oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. The 'betel quid' chewed in Xiangtan usually does not contain Areca 'nut' (seed, endosperm), but consists of the husk. As no studies on the chemical composition of the Areca husk have been published such investigations are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chengjie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reichart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002681:China; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009754:Nuts; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking