title: The morphologic variations of low and high hip dislocation.
abstract: Three different types of congenital hip disease in adults have been distinguished based upon the position of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum and the underlying pathoanatomy of the joint: (1) dysplasia; (2) low dislocation; and (3) high dislocation. To facilitate classification of borderline or ambiguous cases, we studied the morphologic variations of low and high dislocation as observed on the radiographs of 101 hips with low and 74 hips with high dislocation. In low dislocation, 54 hips (53.5%) had extended coverage of the true acetabulum (Type B1) and 47 hips (46.5%) had limited coverage (Type B2). Among the cases with high dislocation, a false acetabulum with an adjacent femoral head occurred in 46 hips (62.2%) (Type C1), and the femoral head was floating within the gluteal muscles in 28 hips (37.8%) (Type C2). The kappa value for interobserver agreement between two raters who made radiographic measurements was 0.963, and for intraobserver agreement between the two evaluations of the same observer it was 0.946 and 0.971, respectively. The two types of low and high dislocation were associated with high intra- and interobserver agreement. Whether these distinctions have clinical utility requires further validation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Athens Medical School, Byzantiou 2, Athens, Nea Smyrni, 17121, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hartofilakidis
authors.forename: Christos K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yiannakopoulos
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Babis
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed