title: Racial (black-white) divergence in the association between adiponectin and arterial stiffness in asymptomatic young adults: the Bogalusa heart study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adiponectin, an adipocytokine with beneficial biological functions relevant to cardiovascular (CV) diseases, and arterial stiffness, an indicator of vascular function, are considered to be important correlates of CV disease risk. Although racial (black-white) divergences in adiponectin and arterial stiffness are known, information is scant regarding the association between these two parameters among asymptomatic young adults within each race.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the Bogalusa Heart Study, arterial stiffness was examined noninvasively in terms of aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity (af-PWV) in 991 black and white nondiabetic subjects (72% white, 43% male) aged 24-44 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariate regression model by race that included adiponectin, age, sex, waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols, triglycerides, and cigarette smoking, the significant predictors of af-PWV, in the order of entry, were: mean arterial pressure, age, smoking, and heart rate in both races, followed by adiponectin (inverse relation) in blacks. Further, after adjusting for mean arterial pressure, age, smoking, and heart rate, the odds ratio of finding excess af-PWV (top decile vs. the rest) in individuals with low adiponectin levels (bottom quartile vs. the rest) was significantly higher in blacks (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.5), but not in whites (OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5-1.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the status of hypoadiponectinemia is an independent correlate of excess arterial stiffness in asymptomatic young black adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Quoc M
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Ji-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers