title: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methods.
abstract: The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a longitudinal multisite observational study of healthy elders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), urine serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as clinical/psychometric assessments are acquired at multiple time points. All data will be cross-linked and made available to the general scientific community. The purpose of this report is to describe the MRI methods employed in ADNI. The ADNI MRI core established specifications that guided protocol development. A major effort was devoted to evaluating 3D T(1)-weighted sequences for morphometric analyses. Several options for this sequence were optimized for the relevant manufacturer platforms and then compared in a reduced-scale clinical trial. The protocol selected for the ADNI study includes: back-to-back 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) scans; B(1)-calibration scans when applicable; and an axial proton density-T(2) dual contrast (i.e., echo) fast spin echo/turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) for pathology detection. ADNI MRI methods seek to maximize scientific utility while minimizing the burden placed on participants. The approach taken in ADNI to standardization across sites and platforms of the MRI protocol, postacquisition corrections, and phantom-based monitoring of all scanners could be used as a model for other multisite trials.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. jack.clifford@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: Matt A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Paul
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authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Gene
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authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Danielle
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authors.lastname: Harvey
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authors.lastname: Borowski
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authors.lastname: Britson
authors.forename: Jennifer
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authors.lastname: L Whitwell
authors.forename: Chadwick
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authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Anders M
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authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Felmlee
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gunter
authors.forename: Derek L G
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Ron
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authors.lastname: Killiany
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schuff
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fox-Bosetti
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Studholme
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: DeCarli
authors.forename: Gunnar
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authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Heidi A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallozzi
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blezek
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Josef P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Debbins
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fleisher
authors.forename: Marilyn
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authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: George
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authors.lastname: Bartzokis
authors.forename: Gary
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authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mugler
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards