title: Intrafamilial associations of lipid profiles and the role of nutrition: the Tehran lipid and glucose study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of gene and environment in the genesis of abnormal lipid profile is still a controversial issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the importance of certain parental risk factors associated with lipid profiles of children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted this cross-sectional population-based study in district 13 in the east of metropolitan Tehran. One hundred and thirteen eligible families comprising 455 subjects (including 229 offspring, aged 5-25 years) were enrolled into the study. Anthropometric data were measured using a standard protocol. To measure lipid profiles, venous blood was obtained in the morning after the subjects had fasted for 12-14 h overnight. Dietary intakes were assessed by means of a 2-day dietary recall questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chances of having elevated serum total cholesterol were higher in sons of fathers with high cholesterol intake (OR = 3.1; CI = 1.1-9.2) and mothers with high saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake (3.4; 1.1-10.8). Positive correlations were seen between the energy intake of fathers and serum total cholesterol of their daughters (r = 0.34, p < 0.01); between the SFA intake of fathers and serum triglycerides (TGs) of their sons (0.29, p < 0.01) and between mothers' body mass index and daughters' serum TGs (0.23, p < 0.03). The chances of having low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in sons of mothers with high carbohydrate intake (11.0; 2.8-42.8) and mothers with high serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.8; 1.7-27.0). There were higher chances of having elevated serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in sons with fathers having high SFA intake (4.5; 1.4-14.3), with mothers having high serum TGs (6.1; 1.3-29.0) and with mothers having high cholesterol intake (4.3; 1.2-15.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate independent associations between diet contents and the lipid profiles of parents and their offspring as well as between lipid profiles and diet contents among spouses.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirbolooki
authors.forename: Peimaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heydarian
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salehi
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol