title: Anti-Mullerian hormone indicates early ovarian decline in fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) premutation carriers: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women who carry the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) premutation are at risk for fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency. Past studies have shown that carriers who are still cycling have increased levels FSH compared with non-carriers. As anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown as an excellent marker of ovarian decline, we examined AMH levels among premutation carriers to characterize their ovarian function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the level of FSH and AMH in serum samples collected during early follicular phase from women who carried longer FMR1 repeat alleles (defined as >or=70 repeats, n = 40) and those with shorter repeat alleles (<70 repeats, n = 75), identified by DNA analysis. Comparisons were made stratified by age and carrier status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all age groups, AMH levels were significantly lower among longer repeat allele carriers compared to shorter repeat allele carriers (P = 0.002, 0.006 and 0.020 for women ages 18-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years, respectively). In contrast, increased FSH indicative of early ovarian decline was only evident for longer repeat allele carriers aged 31-40 years (P = 0.089, 0.001 and 0.261 for women ages 18-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary data suggest that AMH levels indicate early ovarian decline among women with longer FMR1 repeat alleles; moreover, AMH appears to be a better marker than FSH in identifying this early decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 301, Whitehead Building, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; C497683:FMR1 protein, human