title: Genome-wide linkage scans for renal function and albuminuria in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Diabetes Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end-stage renal disease and albuminuria are highly heritable. We performed a genome-wide linkage scan in 416 Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) families to detect loci that contributed to renal function and albuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1067 individuals (900 with Type 2 diabetes mellitus) from 348 European American and 68 African American DHS families had measures of urine albumin : creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine concentration and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease estimated GFR (eGFR). Variance components quantitative trait linkage analysis (using SOLAR) was computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants had mean +/- sd age 61.4 +/- 9.4 years; diabetes duration 10.5 +/- 7.4 years; eGFR 1.15 +/- 0.32 ml/sec; and urine ACR 15.8 +/- 67.2 mmol/l (median 1.4). In all families, significant evidence for linkage of GFR was observed on chromosome 2p16 (log of the odds; LOD = 4.31 at 72.0 cM, ATA47C04P/D2S1352) and 1p36 (LOD = 3.81 at 45.0 cM, D1S3669/D1S3720), with suggestive evidence on 7q21 (LOD = 2.42 at 99.0 cM, D7S820/D7S821) and 13q13 (LOD = 2.28 at 28.0 cM, D13S1493/D13S894). The evidence for linkage to ACR was far weaker, on 13q21-q22 (LOD = 1.84 at 50 cM, D13S1807/D13S800), 3p24-p23 (LOD = 1.81 at 58 cM, D3S3038/D3S2432) and 10p11 (LOD = 1.78 at 71.0 cM, D10S1208/D10S1221).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The eGFR linkage peaks on 2p16, 7q21 and 13q13 closely overlap with nephropathy peaks identified in family studies enriched for severe kidney disease. These diabetes-enriched families provide an opportunity to map genes regulating renal function, potentially leading to the identification of genes producing nephropathy susceptibility in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1053, USA. bfreedma@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Freedman
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Langefeld
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged