title: The neglected intrinsic resistome of bacterial pathogens.
abstract: Bacteria with intrinsic resistance to antibiotics are a worrisome health problem. It is widely believed that intrinsic antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens is mainly the consequence of cellular impermeability and activity of efflux pumps. However, the analysis of transposon-tagged Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants presented in this article shows that this phenotype emerges from the action of numerous proteins from all functional categories. Mutations in some genes make P. aeruginosa more susceptible to antibiotics and thereby represent new targets. Mutations in other genes make P. aeruginosa more resistant and therefore define novel mechanisms for mutation-driven acquisition of antibiotic resistance, opening a new research field based in the prediction of resistance before it emerges in clinical environments. Antibiotics are not just weapons against bacterial competitors, but also natural signalling molecules. Our results demonstrate that antibiotic resistance genes are not merely protective shields and offer a more comprehensive view of the role of antibiotic resistance genes in the clinic and in nature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fajardo
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martín
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercadillo
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galán
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghysels
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthijs
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornelis
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiehlmann
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tümmler
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D009154:Mutation; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements