title: Copper transporter 1, metallothionein and glutathione reductase genes are differentially expressed in tissues of sea bream (Sparus aurata) after exposure to dietary or waterborne copper.
abstract: The high affinity copper transporter 1 (Ctr1), metallothionein (MT) and glutathione reductase (GR) are essential for copper uptake, sequestration and defense respectively. Following rearing on a normal commercial diet (12.6+/-0.2 mg kg(-1) Cu), sea bream were fed an experimental control diet lacking mineral mix (7.7+/-0.3 mg kg(-1) Cu), an experimental diet enhanced with Cu (135+/-4 mg kg(-1) Cu) or an experimental diet (7.7+/-0.3 mg kg(-1) Cu) whilst exposed to Cu in water (0.294+/-0.013 mg L(-1)). Fish were sampled at 0, 15 and 30 days after exposures. Fish fed the Cu-enhanced experimental diet showed lower levels of expression of Ctr1 in the intestine and liver compared to fish fed control experimental diets, whilst Ctr1 expression in the gill and kidney was unaffected by excess dietary Cu exposure. Waterborne-Cu exposure increased Ctr1 mRNA levels in the intestine and the kidney compared to experimental controls. Excess dietary Cu exposure had no effect on levels of metallothionein (MT) mRNA, and the only effect of dietary excess Cu on glutathione reductase (GR) mRNA was a decrease in the intestine. Both MT mRNA and GR were increased in the liver and gill after waterborne-Cu exposure, compared to levels in fish fed experimental control low Cu diets. Thus, Ctr1, MT and GR mRNA expression in response to excess Cu is dependent on the route of exposure. Furthermore, the tissue expression profile of sea bream Ctr1 is consistent with the known physiology of copper exposure in fish and indicates a role both in essential copper uptake and in avoidance of excess dietary and waterborne copper influx.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minghetti
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Leaver
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carpenè
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; D004032:Diet; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D021541:Sea Bream; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003300:Copper; D008668:Metallothionein; D005980:Glutathione Reductase