title: Impact of treatment guidelines on clinical and economic outcomes of acute decompensated heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data exist that demonstrate the impact of comprehensive acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment guidelines on clinical and economic outcomes in hospitalized patients with this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical and economic outcomes before and after implementation of treatment guidelines for ADHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-center, retrospective, chart review study was conducted in a university hospital. ADHF treatment guidelines were developed and implemented on January 1, 2004. Patients hospitalized for ADHF between January 2003 and November 2004 were identified using the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Registry. Study periods were 12 months prior to and the 11 months following guideline implementation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This cohort was comprised of 683 ADHF hospitalizations (357 preguideline, 326 postguideline); several patients were admitted more than once. There was a trend toward increased use of intravenous vasoactive drugs (VADs) following guideline implementation (19.9% vs 24.2%; p = 0.05). The duration of intravenous VAD use decreased by more than 40% following guideline implementation, but this was not statistically significant after risk adjustment (p = 0.22). The need for intensive care unit monitoring decreased from 45.1% before guideline implementation to 25.3% following guideline implementation (p < 0.02) in patients treated with intravenous VADs. The need for mechanical ventilation was reduced by nearly 80% (p = 0.04) following guideline implementation. Significantly more patients of the postguideline cohort were prescribed beta-blockers at discharge (54.9% vs 75.2%; p = 0.0001). Costs were not significantly different between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of ADHF treatment guidelines was associated with reduced need for mechanical ventilation, improved utilization of beta-blockers at discharge, and trends toward increased use of intravenous VADs, while not significantly changing total costs. More rigorous studies need to be conducted to estimate the true effect of treatment guidelines on ADHF care and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice and Affiliate Faculty, Center for Pharmacoeconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Didomenico
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Dee R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: George T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kondos
authors.forename: Glen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Schumock
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome