title: Urinary sugars biomarker relates better to extrinsic than to intrinsic sugars intake in a metabolic study with volunteers consuming their normal diet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sugars in diet are very difficult to measure because of the unreliability of self-reported dietary intake. Sucrose and fructose excreted in urine have been recently suggested as a biomarker for total sugars intake. To further characterize the use of this biomarker, we investigated whether urinary sugars correlated better to extrinsic compared to intrinsic sugars in the diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven male and six female healthy participants were living for 30 days in a metabolic suite under strictly controlled conditions consuming their usual diet as assessed beforehand from four consecutive 7-day food diaries kept at home. During the 30-day study, all 24 h urine specimens were collected, validated for their completeness and analysed for sucrose and fructose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total sugars intake in the group was 202+/-69 g day(-1). Daily intake of extrinsic, intrinsic and milk sugars contributed 60.1, 34.4 and 5.5%, to the total sugars intake, respectively. The individuals' 30-day mean sugars excretion levels were significantly correlated with the 30-day means of extrinsic sugars (r=0.84; P<0.001) but not with the intrinsic sugars intake (r=0.43; P=0.144). In the regression, only extrinsic sugars intake explained a significant proportion of the variability in sugars excretion (adjusted R(2)=0.64; P=0.001); daily excretion of 100 mg sucrose and fructose in urine predicted 124 g of extrinsic total sugars in the diet. Using fewer urinary and dietary measurements in the analysis did not change the overall trend of the findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of volunteers, sucrose and fructose in urine better correlated to extrinsic than to intrinsic sugars intake.
authors.affiliation: MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tasevska
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Runswick
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McTaggart
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bingham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013395:Sucrose / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose