title: A LTR copia retrotransposon and Mutator transposons interrupt Pgip genes in cultivated and wild wheats.
abstract: Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins involved in plant defence. Wheat pgip genes have been isolated from the B (Tapgip1) and D (Tapgip2) genomes, and now we report the identification of pgip genes from the A genomes of wild and cultivated wheats. By Southern blots and sequence analysis of BAC clones we demonstrated that wheat contains a single copy pgip gene per genome and the one from the A genome, pgip3, is inactivated by the insertion of a long terminal repeat copia retrotranspon within the fourth LRR. We demonstrated also that this retrotransposon insertion is present in Triticum urartu and all the polyploidy wheats assayed, but is absent in T. monococcum (Tmpgip3), suggesting that this insertion took place after the divergence between T. monococcum and T. urartu, but before the formation of the polyploid wheats. We identified also two independent insertion events of new Class II transposable elements, Vacuna, belonging to the Mutator superfamily, that interrupted the Tdipgip1 gene of T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The occurrence of these transposons within the coding region of Tdipgip1 facilitated the mapping of the Pgip locus in the pericentric region of the short arm of chromosome group 7. We speculate that the inactivation of pgip genes are tolerated because of redundancy of PGIP activities in the wheat genome.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, s.n.c, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Giovanni
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cenci
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janni
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Ovidio
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D018744:DNA, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011123:Polyploidy; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; C081479:PGIP protein, plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018626:Retroelements