title: The effects of radiofrequency on skin: experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency represents the most recent skin-rejuvenation treatment. The aim of this study was to study the changes in tissues and cells, as well as in the thickness and structure of the skin of guinea pigs following several sessions of radiofrequency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sessions (1 session/week) of radiofrequency (Thermafine Lift device, Grupo Soliláser, S.L., Girona, Spain) were applied to the skin of guinea pigs. Biopsies were taken following each session and 2 months following the last application. The resultant samples were included in paraffin via the usual method, sectioned at 5 microm and stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin, Alcian blue, Toluidine blue, van Gieson's and Verhoeff's stains. These techniques were used in order to observe possible changes in the thickness and structures of the skin: mucopolysaccharides and collagen and elastic fibres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most relevant changes were found in the papillary dermis which underwent an expansion due to oedema and vascular congestion (first half of the experiment), followed by an increase in cellularity and the accumulation of intercellular substance. An increase in collagen, elastic fibres and mucopolysaccharides was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Thermafine Lift device caused no significant macroscopic or microscopic alterations in the skin of guinea pigs, yet increased both the thickness, as well as the mucopolysaccharide, collagen and elastic-fibre content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pedreño
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004547:Elastic Tissue / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D011846:Radio Waves
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D003094:Collagen