title: Postoperative effects of low-dose intrathecal morphine in coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrathecal morphine has been used in hopes of providing long-lasting postoperative analgesia in patients after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 micro/kg intrathecal morphine administration in coronary bypass surgery in the postoperative period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, randomized, blinded, and controlled study. Twenty-three patients, who underwent primary elective coronary bypass surgery, were randomly allocated to receive morphine 7 micro/kg intrathecally, before the induction of general anesthesia (Group M, n = 12) or no intrathecal injection (Group C, n = 11). Pain scores, determined by visual analogue scale (VAS), were recorded immediately after extubation upon admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 18th hour after extubation. Pethidine was administered if the patient's VAS > or = 4 and consumption was recorded. Extubation time and ICU length of stay were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAS scores were lower in the Group M at each measured time than the control group (p = 0.016, 0.023, 0.004, 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). According to the VAS scores, pethidine requirement was lower in the Group M than the control (p = 0.001). Extubation time (3.58 +/- 1.57 vs. 4.86 +/- 1.38 hours, p = 0.045) and ICU length of stay (16.25 +/- 2.70 vs. 19.30 +/- 2.45 hours, p = 0.014) were also significantly shorter in the Group M than the control group. No significant complications were seen in this group of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal morphine provided effective analgesia, earlier tracheal extubation and less ICU length stay after on-pump coronary bypass surgery. The influence on ICU length of stay requires further evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Mersin, Mersin 33079, Turkey. davudyapici@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Davud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yapici
authors.forename: Zeliha Ozer
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Altunkan
authors.forename: Sebnem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atici
authors.forename: Egemen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Doruk
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cinel
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dikmengil
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oral
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010880:Piperidines; D009020:Morphine; D008614:Meperidine; D000077208:Remifentanil