title: Endoscopic periosteal brow lift: evaluation and follow-up of eyebrow height.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic brow lift has become widely accepted as a method for rejuvenation of the upper third of the face, mainly to achieve eyebrow elevation. In this study, the authors quantified eyebrow elevation after videoendoscopic subperiosteal technique and followed up the heights of the eyebrows at different postoperative intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients were submitted to endoscopic subperiosteal brow lift, and photographic evaluation was performed preoperatively and at different intervals postoperatively. From an interpupillary line, three different measurements on each side were obtained up to the superior border of both eyebrows. The distance between the medial eyebrows was also measured. Results were analyzed statistically by using the t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing preoperative values and those obtained at 5 months postoperatively, significant augmentation in medial, central, and lateral height of both eyebrows was noted (p < 0.05). Analyzing a group of 38 patients with mean postoperative times of 8.5 and 3.5 months, it was noted that there is spontaneous and significant augmentation in the medial height of both eyebrows (p < 0.05). A third group (24 patients) was analyzed at mean postoperative times of 3.5 and 24 months. The later follow-up showed continuous and significant elevation of the medial, central, and lateral height of both eyebrows (p < 0.05). The distance between medial eyebrows did not show any statistical difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subperiosteal endoscopic brow lift showed clinical and statistical effectiveness in correcting eyebrow ptosis, promoting also a spontaneous and progressive elevation of eyebrows, without enlarging the interbrow distance.
authors.affiliation: Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Federal University of Parana, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Evangelic Medical School of Parana.
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: André R D
authors.initials: ARD
authors.lastname: Tolazzi
authors.forename: Alexandre E C
authors.initials: AEC
authors.lastname: Mansur
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005138:Eyebrows; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010521:Periosteum / Q000601:surgery*; D010781:Photography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012535:Scalp / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome