title: Rapid diagnosis of influenza infection in older adults: influence on clinical care in a routine clinical setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laboratory diagnosis of influenza has previously relied on viral isolation in culture. Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are now available but few studies have examined their use in older adults under routine clinical conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the utility of the RAT in older adults presenting to a large medical center and how test results impacted clinical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of patients tested for influenza during the 2003--2004 and 2004--2005 influenza seasons. Clinical data were correlated with the results of laboratory testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four adults tested positive for influenza. Adding the results of the RAT to symptom complexes predictive of influenza significantly enhanced the ability to diagnose influenza in the acute setting. The positive predictive value of fever plus cough increased from 32% to 92% with a positive RAT. The RAT also directed appropriate antiviral therapy. 20/22 (91%) patients with a positive RAT and symptoms < or =48 h received antiviral treatment compared to only 1/12 (8%) patients with a negative RAT and a positive culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under routine clinical conditions rapid influenza testing enhances the ability to quickly diagnose influenza and can be used to guide early treatment decisions in older adults.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA. dheil001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: D'Heilly
authors.forename: Edward N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Janoff
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Nichol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D003371:Cough; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013997:Time Factors; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral