title: Effects of short- and long-term celecoxib on orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that short- and long-term celecoxib administration has no effect on orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were submitted to short- (3 days) and long-term (14 days) celecoxib administration, while the respective control groups received equivolumetric saline intraperitoneal injections. The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially for 14 days by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion. After the experimental period, tooth movement was quantified and tissues around the first molar were processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry. The amount of tooth movement and the number of TRAP-positive cells on the alveolar bone surface were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of tooth movement was significantly reduced in rats submitted to short- and long-term celecoxib administration, while the number of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone did not differ between the four groups studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. Although celecoxib administration did not affect the number of osteoclasts, the osteoclast activity might be reduced, which could explain the inhibition of tooth movement observed in the celecoxib-treated animals. These results indicate that orthodontists should be aware of patients under short- and long-term therapy with celecoxib.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Campinas, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. gustavo@gameiro.pro.br
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hauber Gameiro
authors.forename: Darcy Flávio
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nouer
authors.forename: João Sarmento
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pereira Neto
authors.forename: Vânia Célia
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Eduardo Dias
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duarte Novaes
authors.forename: Maria Cecília Ferraz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Veiga
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002452:Cell Count; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D015415:Biomarkers; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D000068579:Celecoxib