title: APOBEC3G restricts early HIV-1 replication in the cytoplasm of target cells.
abstract: Cellular APOBEC3G (A3G) protein is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions in producer cells yet restricts viral replication in target cells. To characterize this restriction in target cells, the effect of A3G on generating various HIV-1 cDNA products was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. A3G decreased cDNA products from Vif-deficient HIV-1, with minor effects on early reverse transcripts and larger declines in late reverse transcripts. However, the greatest decline was typically observed in nuclear 2-LTR circles. Moreover, the magnitude of these declines varied with A3G dose. Adding integration inhibitor did not stop the A3G-mediated loss in 2-LTR circles. Moreover, obstructing HIV-1 nuclear entry using vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein did not stop the A3G-mediated decline in late reverse transcripts. Collectively, these data suggest that A3G has important restriction activity in the cytoplasm and progressively diminishes viral cytoplasmic and nuclear cDNA forms with increasing magnitude during restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hope
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000821:virology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000821:virology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004279:DNA, Viral; D016655:HIV Core Protein p24; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase