Microwave ablation with triaxial antennas tuned for lung: results in an in vivo porcine model.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively determine in swine the size and shape of coagulation zones created in normal lung tissue by using small-diameter triaxial microwave antennas and to prospectively quantify the effects of bronchial occlusion and multiple antennas on the coagulation zone.


METHODS
The study was approved by the research animal care and use committee, and all husbandry and experimental studies were compliant with the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Twenty-four coagulation zones (three per animal) were created at thoracotomy in eight female domestic swine (mean weight, 55 kg) by using a microwave ablation system with 17-gauge lung-tuned triaxial antennas. Ablations were performed for 10 minutes each by using (a) a single antenna, (b) a single antenna with bronchial occlusion, and (c) an array of three antennas powered simultaneously. The animals were sacrificed immediately after ablation. The coagulation zones were excised en bloc and sectioned into approximately 4-mm slices for measurement of size, shape, and circularity. Analysis of variance and two-sample t tests were used to identify differences between the three ablation groups.


RESULTS
The overall mean diameters of coagulation achieved with a single antenna and bronchial occlusion (4.11 cm +/- 1.09 [standard deviation]) and with multiple-antenna arrays (4.05 cm +/- 0.69) were significantly greater than the overall mean diameter achieved with a single antenna alone (3.09 cm +/- 0.83) (P = .016 for comparison with multiple antennas, P = .032 for comparison with bronchial occlusion). No significant differences in size were seen between the coagulation zones created with bronchial occlusion and those created with multiple antennas (P = .68). The coagulation zones in all groups were very circular (isoperimetric ratio > 0.80) at cross-sectional analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
A 17-gauge triaxial microwave ablation system tuned for lung tissue yielded large circular zones of coagulation in vivo in porcine lungs. The coagulation zones created with bronchial occlusion and multiple antennas were significantly larger than those created with one antenna.
Durick
Nathan A
NA
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Box 3252, E3/311 CSC, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
Laeseke
Paul F
PF
Broderick
Lynn S
LS
Lee
Fred T
FT
Sampson
Lisa A
LA
Frey
Tina M
TM
Warner
Thomas F
TF
Fine
Jason P
JP
van der Weide
Daniel W
DW
Brace
Christopher L
CL
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D034421:Sus scrofa