title: Torque and force production during shoulder external rotation: differences between transverse and sagittal planes.
abstract: In joints with 3 degrees of freedom, such as the shoulder joint, the association of different movements results in changes in the behavior of the moment arm of the muscles. The capacity of torque production for the same movement can be changed when movements take place in a different plane. The objective of this study is to quantify differences between torque production and resultant force estimated during the shoulder external rotation in two movement planes: the transverse and sagittal planes (with 90 degrees of shoulder abduction). Eight individuals were evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer and an eletrogoniometer for movements in the transverse plane and six individuals for movements in the sagittal plane. The results showed that the execution of the external rotation in the sagittal plane allowed greater torque magnitudes and resultant force compared with those in the transverse plane, probably owing to a prestretching of infraspinatus and teres minor.
authors.affiliation: Physical Education School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre City, RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Joelly Mahnic
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.forename: Roberto Costa
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Marcelo Peduzzi
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Daniel Cury
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Jefferson Fagundes
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Loss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053581:Muscle Strength Dynamometer; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019415:Torque