title: Focus on RNA isolation: obtaining RNA for microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling analyses of neural tissue.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are present in all known plant and animal tissues and appear to be somewhat concentrated in the mammalian nervous system. Many different miRNA expression profiling platforms have been described. However, relatively little research has been published to establish the importance of 'upstream' variables in RNA isolation for neural miRNA expression profiling. We tested whether apparent changes in miRNA expression profiles may be associated with tissue processing, RNA isolation techniques, or different cell types in the sample. RNA isolation was performed on a single brain sample using eight different RNA isolation methods, and results were correlated using a conventional miRNA microarray and then cross-referenced to Northern blots. Differing results were seen between samples obtained using different RNA isolation techniques and between microarray and Northern blot results. Another complication of miRNA microarrays is tissue-level heterogeneity of cellular composition. To investigate this phenomenon, miRNA expression profiles were determined and compared between highly-purified primary cerebral cortical cell preparations of rat primary E15-E18 neurons versus rat primary E15-E18 astrocytes. Finally, to assess the importance of dissecting human brain gray matter from subjacent white matter in cerebral cortical studies, miRNA expression profiles were compared between gray matter and immediately contiguous white matter. The results suggest that for microarray studies, cellular composition is important, and dissecting white matter from gray matter improves the specificity of the results. Based on these data, recommendations for miRNA expression profiling in neural tissues, and considerations worthy of further study, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0230, USA.
authors.forename: Wang-Xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bernard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Wilfred
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: R Benjamin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Isett
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stromberg
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs