title: Complex nasal reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the goals of nasal reconstruction as they apply to extensive, complex defects that may also involve the adjacent lip or cheeks. 2. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of different options for reconstruction of lining, skeletal support, and skin cover. 3. Discuss current advances in complex nasal reconstruction, including microvascular reconstruction of lining and the three-stage forehead flap. 4. Understand the concepts of laminated and prelaminated flaps and their application in complex nasal defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this article, the authors review methods of reconstructing complex, multilayered nasal defects that may involve surrounding central facial structures. Different means of lining, skeletal support, and skin cover reconstruction are discussed. Emphasis is placed on newer, state-of-the art techniques and reinforcing basic principles.
authors.affiliation: Boston, Mass. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Taghinia
authors.forename: Julian J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pribaz
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome