title: A cartilage ECM-derived 3-D porous acellular matrix scaffold for in vivo cartilage tissue engineering with PKH26-labeled chondrogenic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: We developed a natural, acellular, 3-D interconnected porous scaffold derived from cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Human cartilage was physically shattered, then decellularized sequentially with use of hypotonic buffer, TritonX-100, and a nuclease solution and made into a suspension. The scaffold was fabricated by simple freeze-drying and cross-linking techniques. On histology, scaffolds showed most of the ECM components after removal of the cell fragments, and scanning electron microscopy revealed a 3-D interconnected porous structure. Cellular viability assay revealed no cytotoxic effects. In vitro study showed that the novel scaffold could provide a suitable 3-D environment to support the adheration, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to chondrocytes in culture with chondrogenic medium after 21 days. Chondrogenically induced BMSCs labeled with fluorescent dye PKH26 were then grown on scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Four weeks later, cartilage-like tissue formed, with positive staining for Safranin O, tuoluidine blue and collagen II. Cells in the samples seemed to confirm that they originated from the labeled BMSCs, as confirmed by in vivo fluorescent imaging and immunofluorescence examination. In conclusion, the cartilage ECM-derived porous scaffold shows potential as biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering, and PKH26 fluorescent labeling and in vivo fluorescent imaging can be useful for cell tracking and analyzing cell-scaffold constructs in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of People Liberation Army, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Quanyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jingxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shenguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Aiyuan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shibi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002470:Cell Survival; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004285:Dogs; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D010619:Phenazines / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C070080:PKH 26; D010619:Phenazines; C009195:safranine T