title: Frontotemporal and striatal SPECT abnormalities in myoclonus-dystonia: phenotypic and pathogenetic considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myoclonus-dystonia (MD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by myoclonic jerks, dystonia and a variety of psychiatric symptoms. Neuroimaging and electrophysiologic studies have not been able to detect any specific central nervous system abnormality. We report for the first time a well-characterized case with MD and abnormal brain perfusion imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with (99m)Tc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD). A review of the literature on the phenotypic and pathogenetic considerations for MD is also presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  To better define the functional regional central nervous system involvement in MD, we conducted a brain perfusion SPECT with (99m)Tc-ECD in a patient diagnosed with typical disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the SPECT data revealed significantly reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in both temporal lobes (left > right and medial > lateral). Reduced rCBF was also observed in both frontal lobes and the right caudate nucleus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings of reduced frontotemporal and striatal rCBF in the absence of other neuroimaging and electrophysiologic findings correlate well with the clinical manifestations in our patient and suggest possible functional/metabolic involvement of these areas in the etiopathogenesis of MD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Regional University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
authors.forename: Andreas A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Argyriou
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polychronopoulos
authors.forename: Trifonas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spyridonidis
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourzis
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chroni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004421:Dystonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D049031:Sarcoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; C526572:SGCE protein, human; D049031:Sarcoglycans; C059659:technetium Tc 99m bicisate; D003545:Cysteine