title: Paraphimosis revisited: is chronic paraphimosis a predominantly third world condition?
abstract: Paraphimosis is an acute condition characterized by all the signs of inflammation. Here we describe a 'chronic' variant of paraphimosis where patients often present many days after the initial injury. The aim of this study is to identify and possibly classify this new variation of paraphimosis - the chronic condition. We studied 68 patients with this condition between 1997 and 2005. In all, the prepuce was fibrous and bunched up behind the glans penis and, in some cases, with ulcerations. All patients were treated by excision of the fibrous flap and circumcision, under local anaesthesia. Patients were discharged on the same day on which the excision was done. Follow-up was on the third, seventh and ninetieth days. Long-term follow-up was possible in only 22 patients. This technique of modified circumcision was effective in treating this condition and we think a new classification of paraphimosis is warranted - acute and chronic.
authors.affiliation: Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India. rangy68@gmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangarajan
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jayakar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D010263:Paraphimosis / Q000601:surgery*