title: Tractography of the parahippocampal gyrus and material specific memory impairment in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with disrupted memory function. The structural changes underlying this memory impairment have not been demonstrated previously with tractography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a tractography analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans in 18 patients with unilateral TLE undergoing presurgical evaluation, and in 10 healthy controls. A seed region in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus was selected from which to trace the white matter connections of the medial temporal lobe. A correlation analysis was carried out between volume and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of the connections, and pre-operative material specific memory performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the left and right sided connections in controls. In the left TLE patients, the connected regions ipsilateral to the epileptogenic region were found to be significantly reduced in volume and mean FA compared with the contralateral region, and left-sided connections in control subjects. Significant correlations were found in left TLE patients between left and right FA, and verbal and non-verbal memory respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tractography demonstrated the alteration of white matter pathways that may underlie impaired memory function in TLE. A detailed knowledge of the integrity of these connections may be useful in predicting memory decline in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yogarajah
authors.forename: H W R
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: G J M
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Symms
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulby
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Wheeler-Kingshott
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koepp
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000473:pathology