title: Effect of a low-protein diet during pregnancy on skeletal muscle mechanical properties of offspring rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a low-protein diet during gestation on the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle of offspring rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mothers' diet during pregnancy: a control group (mothers fed with 17% protein) and a low-protein group (mothers fed with 7.8% protein; UN). At birth, all mothers received a standardized meal ad libitum. When the rats were 25 and 90 d old, the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed from the pups. An analysis of the contractile and series elastic component properties was carried out on both muscles. Histochemical analysis was likewise performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group UN presented muscle wasting and diminution of maximum twitch and tetanic tension on the muscle at 25 and 90 d of life. There was an increase in maximal shortening velocity in the soleus and EDL muscles at 25 and 90 d in group UN. Series elastic component stiffness was increased in the soleus muscle, although a diminution of series elastic component stiffness was observed in the EDL at 25 d. With regard to the analysis of the muscle fiber proportions at 25 and 90 d, the UN group presented an increase in the IIa fibers in the soleus, whereas there was an increase in the IIb fibers and a diminution in the IIa fibers in the EDL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-protein intake during a critical period of development induces changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscle. Such changes may compromise an animal's posture and locomotion.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Elisa
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manhães-de-Castro
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins