title: Evaluation of TB and HIV services prior to introducing TB-HIV activities in two rural districts in western Kenya.
abstract: METHODS
  Health facilities providing tuberculosis (TB) treatment in two districts in rural western Kenya with a high TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate TB and HIV/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) services at the facilities and identify barriers to providing quality diagnostic HIV testing and counseling (DTC) and HIV treatment for TB patients in anticipation of the introduction of TB-HIV collaborative services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a standard interview with health workers responsible for TB care, inspected the facilities and collected service delivery data. A self-administered questionnaire on training attended was given to all health workers. Results were shared with stakeholders and plans for implementation were developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 59 facilities, 58 (98%) provided TB treatment, 19 (32%) offered sputum microscopy and 24 (41%) HIV testing. Most facilities (72%) advised HIV testing only if TB patients were suspected of having AIDS. Barriers identified included unaccommodating TB clinic schedules and lack of space, which was an obstacle to holding confidential discussions. The need to refer for HIV testing and/or HIV care was a perceived barrier to recommending these services. Activities implemented following the assessment aimed 1) to provide HIV testing and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis at all TB treatment clinics, 2) to increase availability of HIV treatment services, and 3) to address structural needs at each facility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This evaluation identified barriers to the implementation of HIV testing and care services within facilities providing TB treatment.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. avanthoog@ke.cdc.gov
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Van't Hoog
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Onyango
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agaya
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akeche
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Odero
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lodenyo
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marston
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000592:standards; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000592:standards; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination