title: Parenteral nutrition and urban legends.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the recent literature regarding parenteral nutrition to identify publications that have purported to support various beliefs about the utility of parenteral nutrition, and then to critically evaluate the data presented in those (as well as prior) publications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Artificial nutrition improves nutritional markers but not clinical outcomes, suggesting that malnutrition is not causatively associated with a poor outcome. There are no convincing data that parenteral nutrition is beneficial in severely malnourished surgical patients. Glutamine supplementation of parenteral nutrition solutions may reduce the infectious complication rate, but it is unknown if glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition is better than no parenteral nutrition. Most, but not all, systematic reviews have demonstrated that enteral nutrition produces fewer problems than parenteral nutrition; no data suggest that either modality is better than doing no artificial nutrition. Randomized trials have not uniformly been able to demonstrate that parenteral nutrition is efficacious in acute pancreatitis. There is some, but not convincing, data that a regimen of glutamine, growth hormone, and a specialized diet will reduce the need for parenteral nutrition in patients with short bowel syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important for clinicians to be able to critically evaluate the medical literature.
authors.affiliation: Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California, USA. rkoretz@ladhs.org
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Koretz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000628:therapy*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000178:diet therapy; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine