title: Tracing of norovirus outbreak strains in mussels collected near sewage effluents.
abstract: Noroviruses from mussels collected near sewage effluents were compared with local patient outbreak strains. Sequence analyses of RNA polymerase-capsid-poly(A)-3' (3.1-kilobase) regions confirmed the 99.9% similarity between genotype I.1 strains from mussels and patient strains from recreational-bathing outbreaks, indicating the potential usefulness of sentinel norovirus mussel studies in tracing human norovirus contamination of coastal waters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10b, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden. nancy.nenonen@microbio.gu.se
authors.forename: Nancy P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nenonen
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannoun
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horal
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hernroth
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000821:virology*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology; D012722:Sewage; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage