title: Complications associated with transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the complications associated with transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (PmVSD) using the Amplazter PmVSD occluder (AGA Medical, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2002 and November 2006, transcatheter closure PmVSD was attempted in 210 patients and performed in 206 patients. Those patients were followed-up for 6-24 months (mean, 10.6 +/- 3.9 months) to identify the complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Device implantation was successfully accomplished in 206 of the 210 patients (98%). Serious complications such as high degree atrioventricular block (AV block), infective endocarditis, and device embolization occurred in eight cases (3.8%). Other complications including mild aortic or tricuspid regurgitation, femoral pseudoaneurysm, and femoral arteriovenous fistula occurred in four cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter closure of PmVSD can be performed safely and successfully. But further studies should continue to evaluate the potential complications associated with this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China. zhoutao6240@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiang-Qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sheng-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhen-Fei
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xin-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yan-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shu-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome