title: A Phase II trial of brachytherapy alone after lumpectomy for select breast cancer: tumor control and survival outcomes of RTOG 95-17.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 95-17 is a prospective Phase II cooperative group trial of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) alone using multicatheter brachytherapy after lumpectomy in select early-stage breast cancers. Tumor control and survival outcomes are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility criteria included Stage I/II breast carcinoma confirmed to be <3 cm, unifocal, invasive nonlobular histology with zero to three positive axillary nodes without extracapsular extension. APBI treatment was delivered with either low-dose-rate (LDR) (45 Gy in 3.5-5 days) or high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions over 5 days). End points evaluated included in-breast control, regional control, mastectomy-free rate, mastectomy-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival. The study was designed to analyze the HDR and LDR groups separately and without comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1997 and 2000, 100 patients were accrued and 99 were eligible; 66 treated with HDR brachytherapy and 33 treated with LDR brachytherapy. Eighty-seven patients had T1 lesions and 12 had T2 lesions. Seventy-nine were pathologically N0 and 20 were N1. Median follow-up in the HDR group is 6.14 years with the 5-year estimates of in-breast, regional, and contralateral failure rates of 3%, 5%, and 2%, respectively. The LDR group experienced similar results with a median follow-up of 6.22 years. The 5-year estimates of in-breast, regional, and contralateral failure rates of 6%, 0%, and 6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients treated with multicatheter partial breast brachytherapy in this trial experienced excellent in-breast control rates and overall outcome that compare with reports from APBI studies with similar extended follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA. DArthur@mcvh-vcu.edu
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kuske
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinovitch
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wilenzick
authors.forename: Beryl
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011786:Quality Control; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis