title: Chlamydia antibodies, chlamydia heat shock protein, and adverse sequelae after pelvic inflammatory disease: the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), we assessed the associations among antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis elementary bodies (EB), antibodies to chlamydia heat shock protein (Chsp60), rates of pregnancy, and PID recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred forty-three women with clinical signs and symptoms of mild to moderate PID enrolled in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health Study were followed for a mean of 84 months for outcomes of time-to-pregnancy and time-to-PID recurrence. Antibodies to EB and Chsp60 were assessed in relation to these long-term sequelae of PID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of pregnancy were significantly lower (adj. hazard ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.79) and PID recurrence higher (adj. hazard ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 1.00-6.27) after adjusting for confounding factors among women whose antibody titers to chlamydia EB measured in the final year of follow-up were in the highest tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among women with mild to moderate PID, antibodies to C. trachomatis were independently associated with reduced rates of pregnancy and elevated rates of recurrent PID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. repro@edc.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peipert
authors.forename: Deborah B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schubeck
authors.forename: S Gene
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: McNeeley
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trout
authors.forename: Debra C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kip
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brunham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000276:immunology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D007074:Immunoglobulin G