title: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for unstable traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective study had been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at C2-C3 for traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis (TSA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study had been done to evaluate the results and feasibility of the surgical treatment with ACDF at C2-C3, for the fixation of unstable TSA.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The treatment for unstable TSA is still controversial. Anterior surgical managements of TSA used to be considered as a complex procedure with high rate of morbidity. Though some authors obtained satisfying results of ACDF for TSA, there was still no report of a relatively large series to evaluate the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since February 2001-August 2005, ACDF at C2-C3 had been performed in 30 cases of unstable TSA (Type II: 14 cases, Type IIa: 12 cases, and Type III: 4 cases, based on Levine-Edwards' classification). Arthrodesis was done by autogenous iliac graft (13 cases) or cages (17 cases). An average follow-up of 12 months was achieved (range from 6 to 48 months). Combined morbidity, operative time, days of hospitalization, complications, neurologic improvement, and fusion rate was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average operative time and hospitalization were similar to those of ACDF for lower cervical spine (102 minutes, and 9 days). No patient received blood transfusion. Plate was generally used. Axial pain was relieved in each case. The patients with preoperative neurologic deficits all got improvements. The only complication was choking and trouble in swallowing liquids in 1 case, and it diminished 3 months after operation without any treatment. No graft or plating related complication was observed. Fusion was achieved in all cases within 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACDF at C2-C3 may be a feasible and safe way to treat unstable TSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of China, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xinwei
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hongyu
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qinggang
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Weihong
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yonggeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome