title: Treatment of atrial fibrillation by silencing electrical activity in the posterior inter-pulmonary-vein atrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is still a challenge. We investigated a new approach to treating AF patients by silencing electrical activity in the posterior inter-pulmonary-vein atrium (PIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three ablation steps are required to obtain PIA electrical silence: electrical PV isolation, the creation of two lines of lesions between the two superior and inferior PVs and the abolition of residual electrical signals within the PIA. The endpoint was the electrical silence and the inability to pace in the PIA. The posterior inter-pulmonary-vein atrium silence was obtained in 42 AF patients (56 +/- 9 years, four women). Recurrence of AF and atrial flutter was observed in 14 (33.3%) patients after the first procedure. Freedom from atrial arrhythmias after the second procedure was displayed by 94.4, 85.7, and 60.0% of patients with paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF, respectively. The left atrium (LA) volume was larger, and the percentages of the silent area of the LA surface and voltages were lower in patients with AF recurrence than in recurrence-free patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Posterior inter-pulmonary-vein atrium electrical silence can greatly decrease the AF recurrence. The clinical AF recurrence may be related to an enlarged LA, a low percentage of electrically silent area, and low voltage in the LA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. jian.chen@med.uib.no
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Morten Kristian
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Off
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solheim
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Per Ivar
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Ole-Jørgen
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ohm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome