title: Comparison of the dose-dependent activity and paradoxical effect of caspofungin and micafungin in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety and concentration-dependent pharmacodynamic characteristics of the echinocandins make them ideal candidates for dosage escalation in the treatment of aspergillosis. However, paradoxical attenuation of antifungal activity with increasing doses has been reported for some echinocandins in experimental models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the activity of micafungin and caspofungin administered over a wide dosing range that encompasses clinical exposures (0.25-10 mg/kg) in a neutropenic murine model of IPA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both echinocandins exhibited dose-dependent reductions in fungal burden; however, caspofungin displayed a relatively steeper dose-response curve with a modest paradoxical increase in fungal burden that was not seen in micafungin-treated animals. Equivalent activity was observed with both echinocandins at daily doses ranging from 4 to 10 mg/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both micafungin and caspofungin exhibit dose-dependent pharmacodynamic activity in vivo in the treatment of neutropenic IPA. Both echinocandins were equivalent at dosages > or = 4 mg/kg day.
authors.affiliation: The University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Texas Medical Center Campus, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rlewis@uh.edu
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Dimitrios P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kontoyiannis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001229:Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000077336:Caspofungin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077551:Micafungin; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D000077336:Caspofungin; D000077551:Micafungin