title: Ki-67 and PCNA expression in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ki-67 is a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen and is expressed in all cycling cells except for resting cells in the G0-phase. PCNA is an acidic nuclear protein and has been recognized as a histologic marker for the G1/S phase in the cell cycle. Ki-67and PCNA labeling indices are considered to reflect cell proliferation, particularly, growth fraction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression levels of Ki-67 and PCNA in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and their potential on the early diagnosis of PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3, human normal prostate epithelial cell line HuPEC, tissues from patients with PCa (121 cases) and BPH (45) and 36 normal cases were examined for the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Then, the association of Ki-67 and PCNA expression with clinical grading of PCa was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratios of PCNA and Ki-67 expression levels in LNCaP and PC-3 were higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) than that in HuPEC. The two markers were differentially expressed in three tissues and showed increased expression in PCa (P < 0.05) and BPH (P < 0.05), relative to human normal prostate tissues. Compared with BPH, the ratio of Ki-67 and PCNA expressed in tumour tissue was increased (P < 0.05). The increase of Ki-67 was greater than that of PCNA. Expression of the two markers increased after different grading of PCa cases. The values of Ki-67/PCNA were: 0.073 in grade I PCa tissues, 0.119 in grade IIa PCa tissues, 0.141 in grade IIa PCa tissues, 0.234 in grade III PCa tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA, specific proliferative markers of PCa, may improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of prostatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510180, China. wdezhong@21cn.com
authors.forename: WeiDe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jinyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: HuiChan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Dinglan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: ZhaoDong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: XueCheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: QiShan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dai
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm