title: Different effects of all-trans-retinoic acid on phorbol ester-stimulated and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated interleukin-2 expression in human T-cell lymphoma HUT-78 cells.
abstract: In view of the importance of vitamin A in the human immune system and the central role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, we examined the effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on the protein and gene expression of IL-2 in the human T-cell line HUT-78 when stimulated with either 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). ATRA enhanced the production of IL-2 stimulated by TPA, but suppressed that stimulated by PHA. These findings were consistent with the results of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction examining IL-2 gene expression. ATRA augmented the gene expression of PKC-beta1 up-regulated by TPA and restored that suppressed by PHA but to below the control level. ATRA suppressed the c-fos gene expression up-regulated by PHA to a level of 36% of the control whereas it had no effect on the up-regulation by TPA. Since PKC- beta1 has been suggested to be important for the secretion and gene expression of IL-2 and since the activator protein-l binding site is present in the promoter of the IL-2 gene, these findings may explain the differences in ATRA's effects on TPA- and PHA-stimulated IL-2 expression. These results suggest that ATRA affects the production of IL-2 by T-lymphocytes in a stimulus-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isemura
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014212:Tretinoin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate