Influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid and N-acylethanolamine levels in rat brain, liver and small intestine.
Endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines are lipid mediators regulating a wide range of biological functions including food intake. We investigated short-term effects of feeding rats five different dietary fats (palm oil (PO), olive oil (OA), safflower oil (LA), fish oil (FO) and arachidonic acid (AA)) on tissue levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide, oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, stearoylethanolamide, linoleoylethanolamide, eicosapentaenoylethanolamide, docosahexaenoylethanolamide and tissue fatty acid composition. The LA-diet increased linoleoylethanolamide and linoleic acid in brain, jejunum and liver. The OA-diet increased brain levels of anandamide and oleoylethanolamide (not 2-arachidonoylglycerol) without changing tissue fatty acid composition. The same diet increased oleoylethanolamide in liver. All five dietary fats decreased oleoylethanolamide in jejunum without changing levels of anandamide, suggesting that dietary fat may have an orexigenic effect. The AA-diet increased anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in jejunum without effect on liver. The FO-diet decreased liver levels of all N-acylethanolamines (except eicosapentaenoylethanolamide and docosahexaenoylethanolamide) with similar changes in precursor lipids. The AA-diet and FO-diet had no effect on N-acylethanolamines, endocannabinoids or precursor lipids in brain. All N-acylethanolamines activated PPAR-alpha. In conclusion, short-term feeding of diets resembling human diets (Mediterranean diet high in monounsaturated fat, diet high in saturated fat, or diet high in polyunsaturated fat) can affect tissue levels of endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines.
Artmann
Andreas
A
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Petersen
Gitte
G
Hellgren
Lars I
LI
Boberg
Julie
J
Skonberg
Christian
C
Nellemann
Christine
C
Hansen
Steen Honoré
SH
Hansen
Harald S
HS
D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D004041:Dietary Fats; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004983:Ethanolamines; C022203:N-acylethanolamines; D047493:PPAR alpha; D011743:Pyrimidines; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019308:Palmitic Acid; C006253:pirinixic acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid