title: New therapies in acute decompensated heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospitalization and mortality rates associated with heart failure are persistently high. This is due partly to aging of the population but mostly to delayed progress in the pharmacological treatment of decompensated heart failure. We will review the current recommendations and most recent advancement in the pharmacological treatment of acute decompensated heart failure while providing a systematic approach to the management of this prevalent condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loop diuretics, nitrates and inotropes such as dobutamine and milrinone are the current mainstay of acute heart failure management although their associated morbidity and possible mortality have raised serious concerns. Recent vasoactive agents such as Nesiritide, Tolvaptan and more recently the inotropic agent Levosimedan could offer improved hemodynamics and congestive relief to patients in acute pulmonary edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the promising results of these agents, further clinical trials are required prior to their international approval as first-line therapy. Although we can be optimistic that these vasoactive drugs might have favorable clinical outcomes and improve the intricate management of decompensated heart failure, their associated mortality benefit remains unclear and controversial.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Anjali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Anselm
authors.forename: Haissam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans