Laparoscopy vs. laparotomy for embryo transfer to produce transgenic goats (Capra hircus).
This study was performed to produce transgenic Korean native goat (Capra hircus) by laparoscopic embryo transfer (ET) to overcome the limitations of ET performed by laparotomy. Transgenic embryos were produced by DNA pronuclear microinjection of in vivo zygotes. The recipient goats were synchronized for estrus by using an introvaginal progesterone devices as a controlled internal drug-releasing insert (CIDR) for 13 days and injection of 400 IU PMSG 48 h before removal of the insert. Embryos were transferred on day 3 and 4 after removal of the insert. Recipient goats were deprived of feed for 48 h, then suspended in a laparotomy cradle at an angle of 45 degrees . After obtaining a sufficient pneumoperitoneum, the laparoscope and forceps were inserted abdominally through 5 mm trocar sleeves. Examination of the ovaries and uterus was performed and then 213 embryos were transferred into the oviducts via the infundibula of 76 recipient goats. To compare pregnancy rates, ET was also performed by laparotomy in 82 recipient goats. The pregnancies in the recipient goats were diagnosed by ultrasound on day 30 after embryo transfer. The pregnancy rate with laparoscopic ET was significantly higher than with ET performed by laparotomy (46.1% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.05). In addition, the pregnancy rates were compared between ovulated and non-ovulated ovaries of the recipient goats in the laparoscopic ET group. No significant difference was observed between the pregnancy rates of ovulated and non-ovulated ovaries (41.3% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.05) suggesting that ET may also be possible in non-ovulated recipients through artificial rupture of Graafian follicles. These results suggest that laparoscopic ET is a highly efficient method for the transfer of goat embryos.
Shin
Sang Tae
ST
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea. stshin@cnu.ac.kr
Jang
Sung Keun
SK
Yang
Hong Suk
HS
Lee
Ok Keun
OK
Shim
Yhong Hee
YH
Choi
Won Il
WI
Lee
Doo Soo
DS
Lee
Gwan Sun
GS
Cho
Jong Ki
JK
Lee
Young Won
YW
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified / Q000196:embryology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000662:veterinary; D009865:Oocytes