title: Psychopathology and clinical features in an Italian sample of patients with myofascial and temporomandibular joint pain: preliminary data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to provide data on the relationships between psychopathological variables and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Sixty-three TMD patients were investigated using clinical and anamnestical psychiatric informations and psychopathological measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of TMD patients were recruited according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD guidelines: a group of patients presenting myofascial pain alone (RDC/TMD axis I group I), a group with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain alone (RDC/TMD axis I group IIIa, IIIb), and a group presenting both myofascial and TMJ pain. Two secondary groups were identified on the basis of the presence/absence of myofascial pain. The study design provided a psychiatric interview and psychometric assessment including the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  --Psychiatric evaluation: Myofascial pain patients had higher scores for personal psychiatric history and a history of more frequent psychotropic drug use. --HDRS and HARS: The sample presented scores indicating mild depressive symptoms and moderate anxiety symptoms. --SCL-90-R: The global sample showed acute levels of psychological distress as measured by the GSI score (Global Severity Index). Myofascial pain patients scored higher than TMJ pain patients in the GSI (p = .028), PAR (paranoia; p = .015), PSY (psychoticism; p = .032), and HOS (hostility; p = .034) subscales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMD patients showed elevated levels of depression, somatization, and anxiety. These characteristics did not differ significantly between patients with myofascial or TMJ pain. Other specific psychopathological dimensions, detected with SCL-90-R, appeared to be closely associated to the myofascial component.
authors.affiliation: University of Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nifosì
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Violato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sifari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novello
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarda Nardini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semenzin
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs