title: Ureteroscopic versus percutaneous treatment for medium-size (1-2-cm) renal calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) for 1- to 2-cm renal calculi with specific reference to the stone clearance rate and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 27 patients who underwent either PCNL (N = 15) or URS (N = 12) by standard techniques over an 8-month period for renal calculi between 1 and 2 cm were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative data were accrued and compared to identify any statistically significant differences. The median stone burden was slightly but not significantly higher in the PCNL group (1.8 cm v 1.25 cm; P = 0.19). Postoperative plain films were used to confirm stone clearance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was technically successful in all 27 patients. No patient in either group required a repeat session or ancillary procedure. All 15 PCNL procedures were completed through a single percutaneous tract. The PCNL and URS groups were equivalent with respect to operative time (79.0 minutes v 68.5 minutes) and incidence of complications (2 v 0). No patient in either group had significant hemorrhage or required blood transfusion. The overall stone-free rate was 87% for PCNL and 67% for URS (P = 0.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both PCNL and URS are effective options for renal calculi between 1 and 2 cm. The stonefree and complication rates for PCNL are higher, but the differences were not statistically significant in our series. The operative times are statistically equivalent, despite the potentially longer fragmentation times required for URS. The choice of treatment ultimately depends on the individual surgeon's preference and level of expertise.
authors.affiliation: Stevan B. Streem Section of Endourology and Stone Disease, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Monish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aron
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: Mihir M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*