title: Improvement of glucose control in the intensive care unit: an interdisciplinary collaboration study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strict glycemic control in critically ill patients is challenging for both physicians and nurses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of focused education of intensive care staff followed by implementation of a glucose control protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study in a medical intensive care unit in a university hospital. After intensive education of nurses and physicians, a glucose control protocol with a nurse-managed insulin therapy algorithm was developed and implemented. Every measured blood glucose value and insulin dose per hour and per day were documented in 36 patients before and 44 patients after implementation of the protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median blood glucose levels decreased after implementation of the protocol (133 vs 110 mg/dL; P < .001). The amounts of time when patients' blood glucose levels were less than 110 mg/dL and less than 150 mg/dL increased after implementation of the protocol (8% vs 44%; 75% vs 96%; P<.001). The median use of insulin increased after implementation of the protocol (28 vs 35 IU/day; P=.002). Diabetic patients had higher median blood glucose levels than did nondiabetic patients both before (138 vs 131 mg/dL) and after (115 vs 108 mg/dL; P<.001) implementation, although median insulin use also increased (before implementation, 33 vs 26 IU/day; P=.04; after implementation, 46 vs 30 IU/day; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of a collaboratively developed glucose control protocol led to decreased median blood glucose levels and to longer periods of normoglycemia. Despite increased insulin use, glucose control was worse in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria. ulrike.holzinger@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Holzinger
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feldbacher
authors.forename: Adelbert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachlechner
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitzberger
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuhrmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001317:Austria; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007318:Inservice Training; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education; D008875:Middle Aged; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin