title: Risk of lymphoid follicle development in patients with chronic antral gastritis: role of endoscopic features, histopathological parameters, CagA status and interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, lymphoid follicle formation and development of MALT lymphoma. We evaluated endoscopic, histological, serological and genetic risk factors associated with lymphoid follicle development in gastritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  After upper GI endoscopy, 3 antral biopsies were taken from 120 patients for histological examination. H. pylori was diagnosed using rapid urease test (RUT), modified Giemsa stain and IgG anti-CagA ELISA. Genotyping of IL-1B (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (86 bp VNTR) genes were performed by PCR-RFLP/PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 120 patients, 45 (37.5%) showed presence of lymphoid follicles in antral gastric mucosa. H. pylori was positive by modified Giemsa stain (26%) RUT (50%) and anti-CagA IgG in 67.5%, The presence of nodularity (p = 0.030), neutrophilic infiltration (p = 0.010), lymphocytic infiltration (p = 0.002), glandular atrophy (p = 0.0001), glandular shortening (p = 0.001), fibrosis (p = 0.0001), plasma cells (p = 0.007), eosinophils (p = 0.012), anti-CagA antibodies (p = 0.003) and H. pylori density (p = 0.020) were associated with risk (odds ratio = 11.5, 3.8, 11.0, 8.4, 3.8, 4.6, 5.8, 16.0, 10.8 and 2.8 respectively) of lymphoid follicle. However, IL-1 gene polymorphisms did not influence lymphoid follicle development
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of modularity, lymphocytic infiltration, glandular atrophy, glandular shortening, fibrosis, plasma cells, eosinophils and anti-CagA IgG antibodies are risk factors for lymphoid follicle development in patients with gastritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Achyut
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moorchung
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori