title: Public health significance of mixed anxiety and depression: beyond current classification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The public health significance of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (MADD) and the distinctiveness of its phenomenology have yet to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the public health significance of MADD, and to compare its phenomenology with ICD-10 anxiety, depressive, and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weighted analysis of data from the Great Britain National Psychiatric Morbidity survey was conducted with a representative household sample of 8580 persons aged 16-74 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-month prevalence of MADD was 8.8%. A fifth of all days off work in Britain occurred in this group. The symptom profile of MADD was similar to 'pure' ICD-10 anxiety and depression, but with a lower overall symptom count. The disorder was associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life. Differences in health-related quality of life measures between diagnostic groups were accounted for by overall symptom severity, which remained strongly associated with health-related quality of life measures after adjusting for diagnostic group. The finding that half of the anxiety, depression and MADD cases and a third of the comorbid depression and anxiety cases grouped into a single latent class challenges the notion of these conditions as having distinct phenomenologies. Mixed presentations may be the norm in the population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support the pathological significance of MADD in its negative impact upon population health. Dimensional approaches to classification may provide a more parsimonious description of anxiety and depressive disorders compared with categorical approaches.
authors.affiliation: Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. spsljdm@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jayati
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Das-Munshi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bebbington
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bhugra
authors.forename: Traolach S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Brugha
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011634:Public Health; D011788:Quality of Life; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology