title: Ceramide triggers budding of exosome vesicles into multivesicular endosomes.
abstract: Intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes are either sorted for cargo degradation into lysosomes or secreted as exosomes into the extracellular milieu. The mechanisms underlying the sorting of membrane into the different populations of intraluminal vesicles are unknown. Here, we find that cargo is segregated into distinct subdomains on the endosomal membrane and that the transfer of exosome-associated domains into the lumen of the endosome did not depend on the function of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery, but required the sphingolipid ceramide. Purified exosomes were enriched in ceramide, and the release of exosomes was reduced after the inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinases. These results establish a pathway in intraendosomal membrane transport and exosome formation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trajkovic
authors.forename: Chieh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiantia
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwille
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brügger
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002518:Ceramides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D018991:Myelin Proteolipid Protein; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase