title: Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from related donors mismatched at 2 HLA loci in the host-versus-graft direction.
abstract: In allogeneic stem cell transplantation, immune reactions can occur in 2 directions. The recipient's lymphocytes can recognize the donor's cells as "foreign" and attempt to kill them, which results in the host-versus-graft (HVG) reaction that is commonly termed graft rejection. The other direction is the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. When the recipient is homozygous at a mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, HLA disparity is present only in the former direction and not in the latter direction. If transplants harvested from such an HVG-mismatched donor can be used to achieve stable engraftment with minimal toxicity, then these donors can potentially be a useful alternative donor source. Here, we report 2 patients (1 with acute myeloblastic leukemia and another with lymphoblastic lymphoma) who were transplanted with peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) obtained from related donors mismatched at 2 HLA loci in the HVG direction but completely matched in the GVH direction. Our conditioning regimen, consisting of busulfan, cyclophosphamide, low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) (4 Gy), and fludarabine, achieved successful engraftment with an acceptable level of regimen-related toxicity. Our experience suggests that PBSC transplantation with an HVG-mismatched related donor and an appropriate conditioning regimen may be a therapeutic option for patients in whom early transplantation is desirable.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yujiri
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nomiyama
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006087:Graft vs Host Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens