title: Investigation of the signal behavior at diagnostic energies of prototype, direct detection, active matrix, flat-panel imagers incorporating polycrystalline HgI2.
abstract: Active matrix, flat-panel x-ray imagers based on a-Si:H thin-film transistors offer many advantages and are widely utilized in medical imaging applications. Unfortunately, the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) of conventional flat-panel imagers incorporating scintillators or a-Se photoconductors is significantly limited by their relatively modest signal-to-noise ratio, particularly in applications involving low x-ray exposures or high spatial resolution. For this reason, polycrystalline HgI2 is of considerable interest by virtue of its low effective work function, high atomic number and the possibility of large-area deposition. In this study, a detailed investigation of the properties of prototype, flat-panel arrays coated with two forms of this high-gain photoconductor are reported. Encouragingly, high x-ray sensitivity, low dark current and spatial resolution close to the theoretical limits were observed from a number of prototypes. In addition, input-quantum-limited DQE performance was measured from one of the prototypes at relatively low exposures. However, high levels of charge trapping, lag and polarization, as well as pixel-to-pixel variations in x-ray sensitivity are of concern. While the results of the current study are promising, further development will be required to realize prototypes exhibiting the characteristics necessary to allow practical implementation of this approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Larry E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Antonuk
authors.forename: Youcef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El-Mohri
authors.forename: Qihua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007454:Iodides / Q000737:chemistry*; D016014:Linear Models; D008628:Mercury / Q000737:chemistry*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D007454:Iodides; D008628:Mercury