title: Molecular and phenotypic profiling from the base to the crown in maritime pine wood-forming tissue.
abstract: Environmental, developmental and genetic factors affect variation in wood properties at the chemical, anatomical and physical levels. Here, the phenotypic variation observed along the tree stem was explored and the hypothesis tested that this variation could be the result of the differential expression of genes/proteins during wood formation. Differentiating xylem samples of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) were collected from the top (crown wood, CW) to the bottom (base wood, BW) of adult trees. These samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and analytical pyrolysis. Two main groups of samples, corresponding to CW and BW, could be distinguished from cell wall chemical composition. A genomic approach, combining large-scale production of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), gene expression profiling and quantitative proteomics analysis, allowed identification of 262 unigenes (out of 3512) and 231 proteins (out of 1372 spots) that were differentially expressed along the stem. A good relationship was found between functional categories from transcriptomic and proteomic data. A good fit between the molecular mechanisms involved in CW-BW formation and these two types of wood phenotypic differences was also observed. This work provides a list of candidate genes for wood properties that will be tested in forward genetics.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.|Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.|Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forest and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge A P
authors.initials: JAP
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.|Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología. Universidad de Talca, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcés
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forest and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.|Centro de Estudos Florestais, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, ISA-DEF, Tapada Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garnier-Géré
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forest and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.|Centro de Estudos Florestais, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, ISA-DEF, Tapada Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lalanne
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porcon
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Grégoire
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Provost
authors.affiliation: FCBA InTechFibres, Laboratoire Bois Process, Domaine Universitaire, BP 251, 38044 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Denilson
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Silva Perez
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brach
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.affiliation: Proteomic Facility, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Claverol
authors.affiliation: Centre de Bioinformatique Bordeaux, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Aurélien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barré
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fevereiro
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR 1202, Biodiversity Genes and Communities, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33610 Cestas, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plomion
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D017753:Ecosystem; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010641:Phenotype; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome; D014934:Wood / Q000378:metabolism*; D052584:Xylem / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome