title: Using fluorodeoxythymidine to monitor anti-EGFR inhibitor therapy in squamous cell carcinoma xenografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  3'-18F-fluoro-3'-deoxy-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT), a nucleoside analog, could monitor effects of molecularly targeted therapeutics on tumor proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested whether (18)F-FLT positron emission tomography (PET) uptake changes are associated with antitumor effects of erlotinib in A431 xenografts or cetuximab in SCC1 xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with pretreatment FLT PET scans, 3 days of erlotinib in A431 reduced the standardized uptake value (SUV) by 18%, whereas placebo increased SUV by 1% (p = .005). One week of cetuximab in SCC1 reduced SUV by 62%, whereas placebo reduced SUV by 16% (p = .005). FLT uptake suppression following anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment was associated with reduced tumor thymidine kinase-1 (TK1) activity. In vitro TK1 knockdown studies confirmed the importance of TK1 activity on intracellular FLT accumulation suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18F-FLT PET imaging detects tumor responses to EGFR-inhibitors within days of starting therapy. This technique may identify patients likely to benefit from EGFR-inhibitors early in their treatment course.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mladek
authors.forename: Brett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Trump
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Brad J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Val J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Jann N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Sarkaria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000068818:Cetuximab; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C002854:alovudine; D000068818:Cetuximab