title: Chitosan as an adjuvant for parenterally administered inactivated influenza vaccines.
abstract: The addition of 0.5% of a chitosan derivative to inactivated influenza vaccines injected parenterally resulted in a four or six to tenfold increase in antibody titres after a single-dose or two-dose intramuscular immunization of mice, respectively, in comparison with antibody titres after immunization without chitosan. Chitosan-adjuvanted vaccines enhanced antibody titers against drift variants of A- and B-type human influenza viruses four to six times compared with the vaccines without chitosan. Inactivated avian influenza virus A/H5N2 admixed with chitosan, when administered to mice challenged afterwards with the same virus, showed higher immunogenicity and protective efficacy compared with the antigen without chitosan.
authors.affiliation: Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 1-st Dubrovskaja str., 15, 115088 Moscow, Russia. S.G.Markushin@rambler.ru
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghendon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Markushin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krivtsov
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akopova
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D048271:Chitosan