title: Chronically unreduced elbow dislocations.
abstract: This article focuses on various methods to treat the chronically unreduced elbow. There are only a few small series published in the literature on which to base treatment options. Anatomic features pertinent to the discussion of the chronically unstable elbow are highlighted. The spectrum of treatment options includes open reduction, internal fixation and ligament reconstruction, external fixation, and elbow arthroplasty. The indications, operative technique, and results of each treatment modality are explored.
authors.affiliation: Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA. rlyons@hmc.psu.edu
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D001178:Arthroplasty; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016267:External Fixators; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014458:Ulna Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D000092464:Elbow Injuries