title: Pesticide residue level in tea ecosystems of Hill and Dooars regions of West Bengal, India.
abstract: In the present study we quantified the residues of organophosphorus (e.g. ethion and chlorpyrifos), organochlorine (e.g. heptachlor, dicofol, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate) and synthetic pyrethroid (e.g. cypermethrin and deltamethrin) pesticides in made tea, fresh tea leaves, soils and water bodies from selected tea gardens in the Dooars and Hill regions of West Bengal, India during April and November, 2006. The organophosphorus (OP) pesticide residues were detected in 100% substrate samples of made tea, fresh tea leaves and soil in the Dooars region. In the Hill region, 20% to 40% of the substrate samples contained residues of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. The organochlorine (OC) pesticide residues were detected in 33% to 100% of the substrate samples, excluding the water bodies in the Dooars region and 0% to 40% in the Hill region. The estimated mean totals of studied pesticides were higher in fresh tea leaves than in made tea and soils. The synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pesticide residues could not be detected in the soils of both the regions and in the water bodies of the Dooars. Sixteen percent and 20% of the made tea samples exceeded the MRL level of chlorpyrifos in Dooars and Hill regions respectively. The residues of heptachlor exceeded the MRL in 33% (April) and 100% (November) in the Dooars and 40% (April) and 20% (November) in the Hill region. Based on the study it was revealed that the residues of banned items like heptachlor and chlorpyrifos in made tea may pose health hazards to the consumers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment, Institute of Environmental Studies and Wetland Management, B4 LA Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India. avhikb@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Avhik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bishnu
authors.forename: Kalyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Ashis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Tapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D028241:Camellia sinensis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013662:Tea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013662:Tea; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical