title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 enhances transcription of the profibrotic CCN2 gene.
abstract: In the fibrotic kidney, tubular epithelial cells express CCN2, formerly known as connective tissue growth factor. Because little is known about the transcriptional regulation of this profibrotic protein, this study investigated the mechanism underlying epithelial cell-selective upregulation of CCN2 in fibrosis. It was found that a previously unidentified cis-regulatory element located in the promoter of the murine CCN2 gene plays an essential role in basal and TGF-beta1-induced gene transcription in tubular epithelial cells; this element acts in conjunction with the Smad-binding element and the basal control element-1. By protein mass fingerprint analysis and de novo sequencing, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was identified as a trans-acting protein factor that binds to this promoter region, which we termed the PARP-1-binding element. In vivo, knockdown of PARP-1 in proximal tubular epithelial cells significantly reduced CCN2 mRNA levels and attenuated interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. Thus, the PARP-1/PARP-1 binding element complex functions as a nonspecific, fundamental enhancer of both basal and induced CCN2 gene transcription in tubular epithelial cells. This regulatory complex may be a promising target for antifibrotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Irumagun, Saitama 350-0451, Japan. hirookda@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirosawa
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: C526318:CCN2 protein, mouse; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; C499321:Parp1 protein, mouse; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases