title: Neural differentiation and the attenuated heat shock response.
abstract: Differentiation of neural progenitor cells of neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and surrogate stem cell lineages from a state resembling stem cells to a state resembling neurons is accompanied by a marked attenuation in induction of the heat shock protein 70 promoter driven-luciferase reporter gene, and induction of the reporter gene in primary embryonic neurons from hippocampus, cortex, and spinal cord is lower still when compared to the differentiated cells. Neural specificity of this phenotype is demonstrated by a negative correlation of hsp70-reporter gene expression and neurite extension under various experimental conditions. Analysis of biochemical events involved in induction of the heat shock response (HSR) reveal a blunted activation of HSF1 DNA-binding activity, and decreased induction of the mRNA(hsp70) and the 72 kDa HSP70 protein. Immunocytochemical staining for HSP70 demonstrates a cytoplasmic staining pattern; heat shock greatly increased the HSP70 staining intensity in the undifferentiated cells and less so in the differentiated cells. Vulnerability of the differentiated cells towards the oxidizer, arsenite, and the excitotoxic glutamate/glycine is demonstrated by the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of these agents on cell viability and activation of caspase 3/7. Importantly, conditioning heat shock as well as increased expression of HSP70 by gene transfer conferred protection against such cytotoxicity. Together, our results show that neural differentiation is associated with a decreased induction of the heat shock response and an increased vulnerability to stress induced pathologies and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oza
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Kuang Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alice Y-C
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; C000619709:Hsf1 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003994:Bucladesine; C015001:arsenite