title: Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 65 patients with dementia, 37 met the criteria of NINCDS-ADRDA for probable AD and 28 the clinical and radiological criteria of NINDS-AIREN for VaD. Among VaD patients, 22 met the radiological criteria for subcortical VaD. The Minimental State Examination (MMSE) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to evaluate cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. All patients underwent a neuroimaging study (CT scan and/or MRI). Patients were not treated with antidementia or psychotropic drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, gender, educational level and MMSE scores did not differ between patients (p >0.05). The total prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was similar in both groups (AD 94.6% vs. VaD 96.4%, p= 0.727). Sleep disturbances (35.1% v 3.6%, p =0.002) and appetite changes (37.8% v 14.3%, p = 0.032) were more prevalent in AD patients than in VaD patients who met the NINDS-AIREN criteria. Sleep disturbances (35.1% v 4.5%, p =0.008), appetite changes (37.8% v 13.6%, p = 0.047) and aberrant motor behaviour (24.3% v 0%, p =0.012) were more prevalent in AD patients than in subcortical VaD. The total scores for sleep disturbance, appetite changes and aberrant motor behavioural were higher in AD patients (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant differences between AD and VaD patients, except that sleep disturbances, appetite changes and aberrant motor behaviour that were more prevalent and severe in AD.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Department, Hospital de Cruces, Plaza de Cruces s/n, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain. mfernandezm@meditex.es
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Martínez
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molano
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zarranz
authors.forename: Rosa Monica
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001066:Appetite; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*