title: Anatomical variation of radial wrist extensor muscles: a study in cadavers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles are quite useful in tendon transfer, such as in correction of finger clawing and restoration of thumb opposition. Knowledge of additional radial wrist extensor muscle bellies with independent tendons is useful in the above-mentioned surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and antebrachial fascia of 48 (24 on the right side and 24 on left side) male upper limb forearms were dissected. The following aspects were then analyzed: (a) the presence of additional muscle bellies of radial wrist extensors, (b) the origin and insertion of the additional muscle, and (c) measurements of the muscle bellies and their tendons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five out of 48 upper limbs (10.41%) had additional radial wrist extensors; this occurred in 3 out of 24 left upper limbs (12.5%) and 2 out of 24 right upper limbs (8.3%). In one of the right upper limbs, two additional muscles were found. The length and width of each additional muscle belly and its tendon ranged between 2 - 15 cm by 0.35 - 6.4 cm and 2.8 - 20.8 cm by 0.2 0.5 cm, respectively. The additional radial wrist extensor tendons in our study basically originated either from the extensor carpi radialis longus or brevis muscles and were inserted at the base of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study will inform surgeons about the different varieties of additional radial wrist extensors and the frequency of their occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Karnataka, India. ranjanbhatana@gmail.com
authors.forename: Soubhagya Ranjan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Latha Venkatraya
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Rajalakshmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Anu Vinod
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ranade
authors.forename: Sampath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhyastha
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D005542:Forearm / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014953:Wrist / Q000033:anatomy & histology*