title: Self-serving confabulation in prose recall.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that the content of confabulation is mainly positive and self-enhancing. In this group study, we aimed to investigate whether this positive bias is specific to self-referent information. Confabulating amnesic patients, amnesic non-confabulating patients and healthy controls were asked to reproduce a series of short stories. We manipulated the emotional valence of the material by including positive, negative and neutral story plots. We also manipulated the self-reference of the material by including self-referent versus other-referent encoding instructions. Confabulating patients were as impaired as a group of amnesic patients in the amount of information they recalled, both groups being worse than healthy controls. Importantly, confabulating patients showed a selective bias in the negative self-referent condition, in that they recalled such information in a manner which portrayed a more positive image of themselves. This positive bias was not present in stories that were not encoded in a self-referent manner and it was not significantly correlated to patients' self-reported mood. We propose that both confabulation and its motivated content result from a deficit in the control and regulation of memory retrieval, which allows motivational factors to acquire a greater role than usual in determining which memories are selected for retrieval. To this extent, the self-enhancing content of confabulation could be explained as a neurogenic exaggeration of normal self-serving memory distortion.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, UK. a.fotopoulou@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Aikaterini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fotopoulou
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solms
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyrer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D000647:Amnesia / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed