title: Progressive retinal atrophy in the Border Collie: a new XLPRA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) segregate in more than 100 breeds of dog with each PRA segregating in one or a few breeds. This breed specificity may be accounted for by founder effects and genetic drift, which have reduced the genetic heterogeneity of each breed, thereby facilitating the identification of causal mutations. We report here a new form of PRA segregating in the Border Collie breed. The clinical signs, including the loss of night vision and a progressive loss of day vision, resulting in complete blindness, occur at the age of three to four years and may be detected earlier through systematic ocular fundus examination and electroretinography (ERG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmic examinations performed on 487 dogs showed that affected dogs present a classical form of PRA. Of those, 274 have been sampled for DNA extraction and 87 could be connected through a large pedigree. Segregation analysis suggested an X-linked mode of transmission; therefore both XLPRA1 and XLPRA2 mutations were excluded through the genetic tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having excluded these mutations, we suggest that this PRA segregating in Border Collie is a new XLPRA (XLPRA3) and propose it as a potential model for the homologous human disease, X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa.
authors.affiliation: IGDR CNRS, Génétique et Développement, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes1, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France. vilbouxt@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vilboux
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaudieu
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jeannin
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delattre
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourgain
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Queney
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galibert
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: André
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D050172:Genes, X-Linked; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins