title: Onset of acute myocardial infarction after use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective and traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to address unanswered questions regarding the contour of risk over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of new NSAID users aged 40-84 years was followed for the occurrence of first AMI. Data were collected within the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population included 1185 AMI events (889 probable and 296 possible) from a cohort of 283 136 patients. After adjustment for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for AMI was significantly increased for both coxib (2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-4.26) and non-coxib (2.24, 95%CI 1.13-4.42) COX-2 selective NSAIDs when compared to remote exposure to NSAIDs, but was not increased for traditional NSAIDs. Stratifying exposure into the first month of use versus use beyond 1 month, the risk of AMI was increased during the first month of COX-2 selective NSAIDs use, but not later (3.43, 95%CI 1.66-7.07 and 1.88, 95%CI 0.82-4.31, respectively p-value for interaction = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the use of coxib and non-coxib COX-2 selective NSAIDs was associated with an elevated risk of AMI within the first month of exposure. Recent past exposure to NSAID was not associated with a similar increase in risk.
authors.affiliation: Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, USA. tarek.hammad@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Staffa
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kornegay
authors.forename: Gerald J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dal Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors