title: Synchronous airway lesions in laryngomalacia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of congenital stridor. Laryngomalacia may be associated with other structural and functional airway lesions. While previous studies suggested a 10-45% rate of synchronous airway lesions (SALs), the exact rate and it's clinical significance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of SALs below the glottic level in congenital laryngomalacia, and to investigate possible relations with other clinical findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 228 infants with congenital stridor who underwent fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy (FFB) was analyzed. Data was collected from the hospital records. All procedures were reevaluated from the video recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SALs below the vocal cords were observed in 7.5% of the case (17/228). The most common SAL was tracheal bronchus followed by tracheomalacia and stenosis of the left main bronchus. No correlation was found between the presence of a SAL below the vocal cords and any other medical condition except for neurodevelopmental disorders. Except for one patient, all cases with SAL did not have any clinical symptoms or signs that would have suggested an accompanying airway lesion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of SALs in infants with congenital stridor due to laryngomalacia is low and most of the additional lesions are benign. The yield of discovering clinically significant SALs below the glottic level is low and the routine search for a synchronous lesion below the vocal cords should be questioned. Except for underlying neurodevelopmental problems, no clear risk factors for the existence of SALs were identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eilon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krashin
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ben-Ari
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derowe
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avital
authors.forename: Yakov
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sivan
mesh_terms: D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology*