title: Osmotic nephrosis: acute kidney injury with accumulation of proximal tubular lysosomes due to administration of exogenous solutes.
abstract: Osmotic nephrosis describes a morphological pattern with vacuolization and swelling of the renal proximal tubular cells. The term refers to a nonspecific histopathologic finding rather than defining a specific entity. Osmotic nephrosis can be induced by many different compounds, such as sucrose, hydroxyethyl starch, dextrans, and contrast media. It has a broad clinical spectrum that includes acute kidney injury and chronic kidney failure in rare cases. This article discusses the pathological characteristics, pathogenesis, and various clinical entities of osmotic nephrosis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dickenmann
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oettl
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mihatsch
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000009:adverse effects; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000009:adverse effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000473:pathology*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000473:pathology*; D008353:Mannitol / Q000009:adverse effects; D009401:Nephrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003911:Dextrans; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D008353:Mannitol