title: Treatment of hydroxyapatite scaffolds with fibronectin and fetal calf serum increases osteoblast adhesion and proliferation in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of hydroxyapatite in reconstructive surgery has been hampered by the fact that it is very slowly invaded by host tissues, a process that is critical to graft incorporation. Implant compatibility may be augmented by providing cellular binding sites and by seeding cells before implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone-forming cells were seeded onto hydroxyapatite disks, and precoated with fibronectin and fetal calf serum or phosphate-buffered saline. Cellular adhesion and proliferation was analyzed in vitro. For in vivo studies, experimental and control hydroxyapatite disks were seeded with green fluorescent protein-expressing cells and implanted into mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibronectin/fetal calf serum pretreatment improved cell attachment and cell growth significantly in vitro. After 48 hours, experimental disks (n = 5) contained 2.8 times more attached cells than controls (p < 0.001), and after 7 days this difference had increased further (4.2 times) (p < 0.001). In the in vivo part of the study, sections from implants (n = 4) harvested 3 days after implantation demonstrated an average of 122 +/- 50 green fluorescent protein-labeled cells/mm in the fibronectin/fetal calf serum group compared with 85 +/- 21 cells/mm in the phosphate-buffered saline controls. After 10 days, the cells had in general decreased in number in both groups, but the relation in cell density was similar to the first time point (19 +/- 11 versus 12 +/- 11 cells/mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro attachment and proliferation of bone-forming cells on hydroxyapatite is significantly increased by pretreatment with fibronectin/fetal calf serum, but this difference is less profound and not significant in vivo.
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y. From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Björn H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Schönmeyr
authors.forename: Alex K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gewalli
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Cordiero
authors.forename: Babak J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mehrara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017886:Durapatite; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001798:Blood Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D017886:Durapatite