title: [The plasma levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in breast cancer patients].
abstract: Granulocyte - colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage - colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) belong to hematopoetic growth factors (HGFs). Few clinical investigations have shown their autologous production both in vitro by human cell lines and in vivo by tumors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have investigated the plasma levels of G-CSF GM-CSF and CA 15-3 in breast cancer patients before and after surgery, and before and after chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma levels of cytokines were measured in 46 patients with breast cancer and in 30 healthy subjects. G-CSF and GM-CSF were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), CA 15-3 was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  G-CSF and GM-CSF plasma levels were significantly higher in II stage breast cancer patients before surgery comparing to the control group. The plasma levels of tested cytokines were decreased after surgery, which suggested it's usefulness in evaluating breast cancer total resection. Both of tested cytokines after chemotherapy were increased, which suggested secretion from damaged breast cancer cells. Additionally we observed decreasing the plasma levels of cytokines, especially G-CSF in the 360th day after surgery. This latter result has prognostic function (no symptoms of cancer recurrence). In this study similar plasma levels of CA 15-3 were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tested cytokines, especially G-CSF, can be used in diagnostics and monitoring breast cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Akademia Medyczna w Białymstoku, Zakład Diagnostyki Biochemicznej. zdb@amb.edu.pl
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ławicki
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czygier
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Omyła
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bedkowska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmitkowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018396:Mucin-1; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor