title: Platelet-activating factor receptor contributes to host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia but is not essential for the accompanying inflammatory and procoagulant response.
abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial pneumonia, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Because of its ubiquitous nature and its ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, it is a problematic pathogen from a treatment perspective. Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is involved in phagocytosis of several pathogens. To determine the role of PAFR in the innate immune response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia, pafr gene-deficient (PAFR-/-) mice and normal wild-type (Wt) mice were intranasally inoculated with P. aeruginosa. PAFR deficiency impaired host defense as reflected by increased bacterial outgrowth and dissemination in mice with a targeted deletion of the PAFR gene. PAFR-/- neutrophils showed a diminished phagocytosing capacity of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Relative to Wt mice, PAFR-/- mice demonstrated increased lung inflammation and injury as reflected by histopathology, relative lung weights and total protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, which was accompanied by higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines in lung homogenates and plasma. In addition, PAFR deficiency was associated with exaggerated local and systemic activation of coagulation as determined by fibrin staining of lung tissue and pulmonary and plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and D-dimer. These data suggest that PAFR is an essential component of an effective host response to P. aeruginosa pneumonia, at least partly via its contribution to the phagocytic properties of professional granulocytes. Additionally, our results indicate that PAFR signaling is not essential for the induction of a local and systemic inflammatory and procoagulant response to Pseudomonas pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Department for Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.A.vanZoelen@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Marieke A D
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Zoelen
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florquin
authors.forename: Joost C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meijers
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Beer
authors.forename: Alex F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.forename: Onno J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C039351:platelet activating factor receptor