title: Use of the SINBAD classification system and score in comparing outcome of foot ulcer management on three continents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare populations with and outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers managed in the U.K., Germany, Tanzania, and Pakistan and to explore the use of a new score of ulcer type in comparing outcomes among different countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a series of 449 patients with diabetic foot ulcers managed in the U.K. were used to evaluate the new simplified system of classification and to derive an aggregate score. The use of the score was then explored using data from series managed in Germany (n = 239), Tanzania (n = 479), and Pakistan (n = 173).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A highly significant difference was found in time to healing between ulcers of increasing score in the U.K. series (Kruskal-Wallis test; P = 0). When data from all centers were examined, a step-up in days to healing was noted for those with scores of >or=3 (out of 6). Examination of baseline variables contributing to outcome revealed the following differences among centers: ischemia, ulcer area, and depth contributing to outcome in the U.K.; ischemia, area, depth, and infection in Germany; depth, infection, and neuropathy in Tanzania; and depth alone in Pakistan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Any system of classification designed for general implementation must encompass all the variables that contribute to outcome in different communities. Adoption of a simple score based on these variables, the Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial Infection, and Depth (SINBAD) score, may prove useful in predicting ulcer outcome and enabling comparison among different centers.
authors.affiliation: Foot Ulcer Trials Unit, Diabetes and Endocrinology, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: Zulfiqarali G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Janet K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lutale
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basit
authors.forename: Syed Mansoor
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chohan
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morbach
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Möllenberg
authors.forename: Fran L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Game
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeffcoate
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000145:classification; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013636:Tanzania; D014945:Wound Healing