title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects rabbit brains against permanent focal ischemia by antioxidant action: a biochemical and planimetric study.
abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, has a protective effect on brain injury after focal permanent cerebral ischemia, and to determine the possible antioxidant mechanisms. Cerebral infarction in adult male New Zealand rabbits was induced by microsurgical procedures producing right focal permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). CAPE was administered to the treatment group after pMCAO at a dose of 10 micromol kg(-1) once a day intraperitoneally for 7 days. Neurological deficits were evaluated, using a modified six-point scale. Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and xanthine oxidase (XO). In the ipsilateral hemisphere, the infarct volume of the brain was assessed in brain slices stained with heamatoxylen and eosin. The results showed that treatment with CAPE significantly reduced the percentage of infarction in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared with the ischemia group. CAPE treatment significantly attenuated the elevation of plasma MDA, CAT and XO content (p<0.05), whereas it significantly increased the levels of plasma GSH and NO (p<0.05). Therefore, subacute CAPE administration plays a protective role in focal pMCAO due to attenuation of lipid peroxidation and its antioxidant activity. All of these findings suggest that CAPE provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury through its antioxidant action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tayfur Sökmen Kampusu, TR-31040 Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed Enes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Altuğ
authors.forename: Yurdal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Serarslan
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Tünay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kontaş
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Ismet M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Melek
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Taşkin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011817:Rabbits; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D005978:Glutathione; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol