title: Expression of Wnt-5a and its clinicopathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functions of Wnt-5a in human cancers are controversial and unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical significance of Wnt-5a expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time quantitative Reverse transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction was done to evaluate Wnt-5a gene expression. Wnt-5a, beta-catenin, E-cadherin and Ki-67 were examined immunohistochemically in 114 hepatocellular carcinoma cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to normal tissue, Wnt-5a mRNA expression was clearly increased in hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. On immunohistochemistry, immunostaining of Wnt-5a showed a bell-shaped pattern: low to undetectable levels were present in normal tissue and in tumour samples, whereas strong immunostaining was seen in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and dysplastic liver cells. Reduction or loss of Wnt-5a protein expression was found in 80.7% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases (n=92) and was significantly associated with higher tumour stage (p<0.001), serum AFP level (p=0.025), low membranous expression of E-cadherin (p<0.0001) and beta-catenin (p=0.036) and high Ki-67 labelling indices (LIs, p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wnt-5a mRNA and protein levels are higher than normal in hepatitis and cirrhosis and appear to be related to the presence of hepatitis B virus infection. However, Wnt-5a protein expression is frequently lost in hepatocellular carcinoma; this supports the notion that this protein has a tumour suppressor function in hepatocellular carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Z F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: X J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C085389:WNT5A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; D051176:beta Catenin