title: The use of contralateral masking noise in the detection of unilateral deafness in Dalmatian puppies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) is currently the standard evaluation method of hearing in dogs. In asymmetrical hearing loss in human patients, simultaneous presentation of masking noise to the nontest ear is routinely performed during BAER to eliminate the crossover effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The crossover effect occurs during canine BAER, and masking noise of 20 decibels (dB) below click stimulus intensity is sufficient to abolish this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six Dalmatian puppies with confirmed unilateral deafness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BAER was elicited with 80 and 100 dB normalized hearing level (dBnHL) stimulus intensity in the deaf ear. The 100 dBnHL stimulus was repeated while simultaneously applying 80 dBnHL white masking noise to the nontest ear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten dogs were excluded because of BAER trace baseline fluctuation. In the remaining 46 dogs, 8 dogs had no waveforms, but 38 dogs had an identifiable wave-V in the deaf ear BAER at 80 dBnHL intensity stimulus. At 100 dBnHL intensity stimulus, all but 1 dog had a discernible wave-V in the deaf ear BAER. The deaf ear BAER waveforms were abolished by white masking noise at 80 dBnHL in the nontest ear in all dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abolition of BAER wave-V in the deaf ear by white masking noise in the nontest ear suggests that this wave is caused by the crossover effect. beta distribution indicates 95% confidence that white masking noise, at 20 dB below click stimulus intensity, would abolish this crossover effect in over 90% of the dogs. This supports using masking noise in the nontest ear during canine BAER.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Comparative Medicine, Division of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penderis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D009622:Noise; D010470:Perceptual Masking