title: Efficacy of an alpha1 blocker in expulsive therapy of lower ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical role of an alpha(1a-1d)-specific blocker in the medical expulsive therapy of symptomatic lower ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was carried out from May 2005 to December 2006 and involved 95 patients. All patients, who had symptomatic lower ureteral stones <10 mm diameter, were enrolled in this prospective study, and were randomly divided into three groups using the statistical software programs Plus 1.0 and Plus 2.10. Group 1 (32 patients) received tamsulosin (0.4 mg daily), group 2 (32 patients) received terazosin (2 mg daily), group 3 (31 patients) acted as controls. All patients were diagnosed with x-rays of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, urinary ultrasonography, and intravenous urography. All patients received the same analgesic regimen and sublingual buprenorphine on demand. The number of colic episodes, lower urinary tract symptoms, analgesic dosages, and the number of days required for spontaneous passage of the stones were all recorded in a diary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expulsion was observed in 26 of 32 patients in group 1 (81%), 25 of 32 in group 2 (78%), and 17 of 31 in group 3 (55%). The average expulsion time for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 6.3, 6.3, and 10.1 days, respectively. Mean analgesic dosage per patient in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 231, 256, and 347 mg, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 2 with respect to group 3 for all three of these parameters. Adverse effects were also seen in 5 of 32 patients in group 2 (16%), a statistically significant difference with regard to groups 1 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical treatment with alpha(1a-1d)-blocker proved to be safe and effective as demonstrated by the increased stone expulsion rate and reduced expulsion time, as well as the need for analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, No. 565 Sec. 2 Ta-Ya Road, Chia-Yi City, Taiwan, Republic of China. jing@stm.org.tw
authors.forename: Chung-Jing
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shi-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chien-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011224:Prazosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D058668:Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; C041226:Terazosin; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D011224:Prazosin