Stem cells, the molecular circuitry of pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming.
Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state has been achieved by nuclear transplantation of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated egg and most recently by introducing defined transcription factors into somatic cells. Nuclear reprogramming is of great medical interest, as it has the potential to generate a source of patient-specific cells. Here, we review strategies to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic state and discuss our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming based on recent insights into the regulatory circuitry of the pluripotent state.
Jaenisch
Rudolf
R
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. jaenisch@wi.mit.edu
Young
Richard
R
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D014157:Transcription Factors