title: Latino versus Caucasian response to atomoxetine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: ABSTRACT We examined the effects of atomoxetine in Latino (n = 108) versus Caucasian (n = 1090) pediatric outpatients (aged 6 to <18 years) during the first 10-11 weeks of treatment in two multicenter, open-label trials. Mean modal doses were not significantly different in Latinos (1.22 mg/kg per day) versus Caucasians (1.27 mg/kg per day; p = 0.22). Both groups showed significant and similar improvements: Mean ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version: Investigator Administered and Scored (ADHDRS-IV-P:I) scores decreased by 54% in Latinos (40.9-18.9; p < 0.001) and by 52% in Caucasians (37.7-18.2; p < 0.001). Other efficacy measures, such as Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R:S) and Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity (CGI-ADHD-S), demonstrated similar and significant decreases. The only significant between-group difference was a greater decrease in the ADHDRS-IV-P:I Hyperactive/Impulsive subscale at weeks 8-11 for Latinos; however, Latinos had higher baseline scores compared with Caucasians. This was not demonstrated in the CPRS-R:S Hyperactivity subscale. There was a significantly higher frequency of CYP2D6 slow metabolizers in Caucasians compared with Latinos. Caucasians reported significantly more abdominal and throat pain, whereas Latinos reported more decreased appetite and dizziness, but no differences in other common adverse events were reported. No suicidal behavior was reported in either group. We found that Latino and Caucasian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit a similar pattern of efficacy and tolerability with atomoxetine. The lack of placebo controls was a limitation of this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pumariega
authors.forename: Eugenio M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vélez-Borrás
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Durell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6