Paternal smoking and increased risk of infant and under-5 child mortality in Indonesia.
We examined the relationship between paternal smoking and child mortality. Among 361,021 rural and urban families in Indonesia, paternal smoking was associated with increased infant mortality (rural, odds ratio [OR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.35; urban, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.20), and under-5 child mortality (rural, OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.37; urban, OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.23). Paternal smoking diverts money from basic necessities to cigarettes and adversely affects child health; tobacco control should therefore be considered among strategies to improve child survival.
Semba
Richard D
RD
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway, Suite 700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
de Pee
Saskia
S
Sun
Kai
K
Best
Cora M
CM
Sari
Mayang
M
Bloem
Martin W
MW
D002648:Child; D046688:Child Mortality; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution