Effect of race on patient expectations regarding their primary care physicians.
BACKGROUND
Fulfilment of patients' expectations has been associated with greater patient satisfaction with care and greater adherence to medical advice. However, little is know about how race influences patient expectations.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between patient race and patient expectations of their primary care physician.


METHODS
The design was a cross-sectional study. Setting and participants were sample of 709 primary care patients from four clinic sites at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Health System. The measures were an expectations instrument asking patients to rate the necessity of the physician performing 13 activities during the index visit, self-reported race, demographics, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, the Charlson Comorbidity Index and SF-12.


RESULTS
After adjusting for age, sex, education, clinic site, comorbidity, health literacy and health status, African Americans were more likely to report it was absolutely necessary for the physician to refer them to a specialist [AOR 1.55 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.09-2.21), P = 0.01], order tests [AOR 1.59 (95% CI 1.11-2.27), P = 0.01] and conduct each of the six physical exam components.


CONCLUSIONS
African American race is associated with greater expectations of the primary care physicians. More research is needed to confirm the differential expectations by race and determine the reasons for the differential expectations.
Guerra
Carmen E
CE
Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, USA. carmen.guerra@uphs.upenn.edu
McDonald
Vanessa J
VJ
Ravenell
Karima L
KL
Asch
David A
DA
Shea
Judy A
JA
D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010808:Physical Examination; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American