title: Cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is performed in selected patients with isolated diseases, such as bladder endometriosis, pheochromocytoma, leiomyoma, and malignant bladder tumors. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is indicated for a solitary bladder tumor that is distant from the bladder neck, the ureteral orifices, and the trigone, to allow a resection margin of 1 to 2 cm. We report our experience with cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bladder was mobilized adequately by laparoscopy. Intraoperative cystoscopy was performed Cystoscopic guidance was used for the initial cystotomy. Further excision of the bladder tumor with a safety margin of 1.5 to 2 cm was performed under laparoscopic vision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients underwent cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy. Cystoscopy aided in planning a proper and adequate safety margin around the tumor as well as helped in marking the initial cystotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystoscopic assistance during laparoscopic partial cystectomy helps to properly place the initial cystotomy as well aids in planning the safety margin around the tumor. It is safe, easy, and does not add to increased operative time or morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kles Kidney Foundation, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, India. director@jleskf.org
authors.forename: Rajendra B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nerli
authors.forename: Mallikarjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ashish C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Koura
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prabha
authors.forename: Indupur R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ravish
authors.forename: Srisailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amarkhed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery