title: Nine-year follow-up of panic disorder in chest pain patients: clinical course and predictors of outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the association between panic disorder (PD) and long-term outcomes in terms of psychiatric morbidity, psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and to identify predictors of poor outcome for PD in chest pain patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine-year follow-up study of chest pain patients (n=199) referred to cardiology outpatient investigation. Assessments included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), Illness Attitude Scale, Agoraphobia Cognitions Questionnaire, the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia, Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36. At baseline, 76 patients suffered from PD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 184 eligible patients, 150 participated in the follow-up study. Panic disorder at baseline was associated with a higher prevalence of comorbid Axis I disorders, psychological distress and poorer HRQOL at follow-up compared with patients without PD. Of the participants with PD at baseline (n=55), 14 suffered from persistent PD at follow-up. Patients with persistent PD had particularly poor outcomes regarding comorbid Axis I disorders, suicidal ideation (21%) and HRQOL. A mean baseline SCL-90-R somatization score above 1.4 predicted a 5-fold increased risk of persistent PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chest pain patients with PD have a negative long-term outcome and those who score high on somatization require special attention because of particularly poor outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Division, Ullevaal University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway. christine.bringager@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Bringager
authors.forename: Svein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friis
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.forename: Toril
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life