title: Mouse model of fracture pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to validate a model of postfracture pain in mice, which was evaluated in the presence and the absence of morphine and ketoprofen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was divided into two parts: protocol A, the effects of closed fracture; and protocol B, the effects of morphine and ketoprofen on fracture pain. In protocol A, mice were assigned to three groups: group 1, sham incision; group 2, sham pinning; or group 3, fracture. In protocol B, mice were randomly assigned to four groups to receive morphine (3 or 10 mg/kg body weight), ketoprofen (50 mg/kg body weight), or placebo (vehicle). Three tests were used to assess pain behavior: von Frey filament application, hot plate test, and a subjective pain scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In protocol A, thermal nociception, mechanical nociception, and subjective pain were significantly modified in group 3 (fractured) compared with control groups 1 and 2 (sham groups). In protocol B, when tests were repeated for 240 min in morphine-treated animals and in ketoprofen-treated animals, reduction of mechanical nociception, thermal nociception, and subjective pain scale score were observed. Morphine and ketoprofen administration provided the same effect on behavioral testing on postoperative days 1 and 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This mouse model seems to be a reliable and reproducible tool to investigate the effect of closed bone fracture on several parameters, such as pain, remodeling, and recovery. Moreover, it allows studying the effects of various pharmacologic treatments as well as the involvement of various systems using different genetically modified strains of mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil University Hospital, Avenue Jean Poulhe's, Toulouse, France. minville.v@chu-toulouse.fr
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minville
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Laffosse
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fourcade
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Girolami
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D007660:Ketoprofen