title: Implantation-associated gene-1 (Iag-1): a novel gene involved in the early process of embryonic implantation in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to study the novel genes related to rat embryonic implantation, a novel implantation-associated gene, Iag-1, was identified and characterized from rat uterus of early pregnancy. Iag-1 was initially derived from suppressive subtracted hybridization of a cDNA library of rat uterus, which was used to analyse differentially expressed genes between the preimplantation and implantation period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The full-length cDNA sequence of Iag-1 was cloned from rat uterus on D5.5 of pregnancy by 5'- and 3'-RACE. The expression of Iag-1 in the uterus of early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, artificial decidualization and activation of delayed implantation was detected by northern blotting, in situ hybridization, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated from rat uterus. The effect of Iag-1 on ESCs proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, TUNEL and Hoechst staining. Apoptosis-related proteins in ESCs were detected by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential patterns of Iag-1 expression were detected in rat embryo and in the uterus during the peri-implantation period. Iag-1 was specifically localized in glandular epithelium and luminal epithelium. In contrast, the expression of Iag-1 was not significantly altered in uterus of pseudopregnancy and artificial decidualization, but was significantly increased in the uterus after activation of delayed implantation. Stable expression of introduced Iag-1 inhibited the proliferation of in vitro-cultured ESCs. Significant apoptosis was also detected in the ESCs overexpressing Iag-1, along with the enhancement of p53 and Bax protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of Iag-1 can inhibit ESCs proliferation and induce ESCs apoptosis, and p53 and Bax may play an important role in the process of Iag-1-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Fei
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Quan-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jing-Pian
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003656:Decidua / Q000502:physiology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D010065:Embryo Implantation, Delayed / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011555:Pseudopregnancy / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology; D014599:Uterus / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C530222:Rmnd1 protein, rat; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein