title: Key safety issues of bowel preparations for colonoscopy and importance of adequate hydration.
abstract: Although screening colonoscopy is effective for early detection of colorectal cancer, screening rates remain low. Multiple factors are thought to be responsible for the low rates of screening colonoscopy, but bowel preparation appears to be a key deterrent. Tolerability issues with bowel preparations may lead to poor patient compliance, inadequate colon cleansing, and reduced detection of colonic polyps. Successful colon cleansing requires careful selection of the appropriate bowel purgative regimen, as well as patient acceptance of and compliance with the chosen regimen. The two major classes of bowel preparations include polyethylene glycol solutions and sodium phosphate preparations. Patient preference for tablet versus liquid formulations and medical history (e.g., renal impairment) should be considered when choosing the appropriate bowel preparation. Regardless of the bowel preparation administered, adequate hydration is important before, during, and after bowel preparation. Appropriate patient education regarding hydration and individualized patient instructions may increase compliance, reduce adverse events, promote successful bowel preparation for colonoscopy, and enhance the probability of a quality exam.
authors.affiliation: National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA. cadykes@bethesda.med.navy.mil
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dykes
authors.forename: Brooks D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Cash
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D002400:Cathartics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D003681:Dehydration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D010710:Phosphates / Q000009:adverse effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D010710:Phosphates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C018279:sodium phosphate