title: Early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: radiofrequency ablation combined with chemoembolization versus hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the long-term results of radiofrequency (RF) ablation combined with chemoembolization (combination therapy) as compared with hepatectomy for the treatment of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was waived. Patients with early-stage HCC were included if they underwent either combination therapy or hepatectomy and met the following inclusion criteria: no previous treatment for HCC, three or fewer tumors with a maximum diameter of 3 cm or less each or a single tumor with a maximum diameter of 5 cm or less, Child-Pugh class A liver profile, no vascular invasion, and no extrahepatic metastases. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and the secondary endpoint was recurrence-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred four patients (mean age, 66.5 years +/- 8.7 [standard deviation]; 79 men, 25 women) underwent combination therapy, and 62 patients (mean age, 64.5 years +/- 9.6; 51 men, 11 women) underwent hepatectomy. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates following combination therapy (98%, 94%, and 75%, respectively) were similar (P = .87) to those following hepatectomy (97%, 93%, and 81%, respectively). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were also comparable (P = .70) for combination therapy (92%, 64%, and 27%, respectively) and hepatectomy (89%, 69%, and 26%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF ablation combined with chemoembolization in patients with early-stage HCC provides overall and disease-free survival rates similar to those achieved by hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan. yama@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakado
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaji
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuke
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uemoto
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate