title: Arch widths in adults with Class I crowded and Class III malocclusions compared with normal occlusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between adults with Class I crowded (CICR), Class III (CIII), and Class I normal (CIN) occlusions with respect to (1) arch widths, (2) width of the maxillary and mandibular arches, (3) gender dimorphism within groups, and (4) gender comparisons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of 39 CICR subjects, 40 CIII subjects, and 40 CIN subjects were studied. All subjects were white Americans with no history of orthodontic treatment. An analysis of variance and Duncan's test statistically compared the groups and genders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CICR group had mean maxillary and mandibular intermolar and alveolar arch widths significantly smaller than the CIN group. The CIII group had mean maxillary intermolar and alveolar arch widths significantly smaller than the CIN group. Mean maxillary and mandibular intercanine arch widths were similar in the three groups. The CICR and CIN groups had similar mean maxillary/mandibular intermolar and alveolar differences significantly larger than the negative differences observed in the CIII group. Gender dimorphisms were identical in the CIII and CIN groups. The CICR group differed by not having a gender dimorphism in the maxillary alveolar width and having a gender dimorphism in the mandibular intercanine width. Gender comparisons between groups were similar in intercanine widths but differed in other widths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis was rejected by the findings of this study.
authors.affiliation: Sioux City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Staley
authors.forename: Harold F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kremenak
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kohout
authors.forename: Jane R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D012727:Sex Characteristics