title: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for metabonomics investigation of the biochemical effects induced by aristolochic acid in rats: the use of information-dependent acquisition for biomarker identification.
abstract: The toxic effects of oral administrations of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acid (AA) to male Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Analysis of the urine and plasma samples revealed distinct changes in the biochemical patterns in the AA-dosed rats. After peak finding and alignment, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used for multivariate data analysis. Potential biomarkers were studied by high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analyses. The MS/MS spectra of all endogenous metabolites satisfying the pre-defined criteria were acquired in a single information-dependent acquisition (IDA) analysis, demonstrating that IDA was an efficient approach for structural elucidation in metabonomic studies. Citric acid and a glucuronide-containing metabolite were observed as potential biomarkers in rat urine. A significant increase in plasma creatinine concentration was also observed in the AA-dosed rats, which indicated that AA induced an adverse effect on the renal clearance function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kim-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ricky N S
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Huwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034341:Aristolochic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D034341:Aristolochic Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; C000228:aristolochic acid I