title: Efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with advanced prostate cancer: association between Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level, and prior ADT exposure with duration of ADT effect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare predictive factors for the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) either with (M+) or without (M-) metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of prostate cancer patients was identified from a medical oncology practice treated with ADT for presumed nonlocalized prostate cancer, evaluated the efficacy of ADT using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) time to progression (TTP) and compared factors associated with TTP in M- and M+ patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this 553 patient cohort 51% were M- and 49% M+. The median TTP on ADT for the M- group was 33.2 months, versus 15.9 months in the M+ group (P<.0001). In multivariate analyses, lower biopsy Gleason score (GS), the absence of metastases, and lower serum PSA at ADT initiation all were associated with the efficacy of ADT. The association between GS and TTP was confined to M+ patients, whereas the association between PSA at ADT initiation and TTP was confined to M- patients. Use of ADT as part of local treatment was associated with a shortened TTP in both groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large, retrospective study of HSPC patients in a medical oncology practice treated with ADT for nonlocalized prostate cancer, we found factors predicting efficacy of this treatment differed based on whether metastases were present at ADT initiation. The use of ADT as a part of local therapy was associated with a significantly decreased TTP, regardless of metastatic disease status.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. Robert_ross@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Wanling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Meredith M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Daskivich
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.forename: Mary-Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kantoff
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D009919:Orchiectomy; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen