title: Management of staghorn calculus: single puncture with judicious use of the flexible nephroscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To focus on the technique and results of a single percutaneous puncture for the management of staghorn renal calculi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The success rate for treating staghorn calculi with a single percutaneous puncture is over 90%. Animal and clinical studies seem to suggest that a single percutaneous access may be associated with reduced morbidity when compared with multiple percutaneous access punctures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single percutaneous access, whenever feasible, offers reduced morbidity without compromising excellent stone-free rates in the management of staghorn calculi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Steve K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leveillee
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011677:Punctures