title: Neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy in poor-prognosis localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a trial of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy and radical prostatectomy for patients with poor-prognosis localized prostate cancer (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] value 20 ng/mL or greater, Gleason score 8 or higher, and clinical stage T2c or greater), who are at high risk for local and systemic relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete androgen blockage and four cycles of docetaxel (70 mg/m2) on day 2 and estramustine (280 mg three times daily) on days 1 to 5 every 21 days were given to 22 patients before radical prostatectomy and nerve preservation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics, as median (range), were as follows: age 61 (49 to 70) years, PSA value 21.2 (3.2 to 71.6) ng/mL, and Gleason sum 7 (6 to 9). Clinical stage was T3a-c in 14 patients (64%), T2c in 4 (18%), T2b in 3 (14%), and T1c in 1 (4%). Presurgery characteristics after chemohormonal therapy were as follows: PSA value 0.21 (0.05 to 0.6) ng/mL, clinical stage T1c in 14 patients (63.7%), T2a in 6 (27.3%), and T3a in 2 (9%). The pathologic specimens revealed viable disease in all patients, organ-confined disease in 14 (63.6%), specimen-confined disease in 16 (72.7%), seminal vesicle disease in 9 (40.9%), and lymph node involvement in 4 (18.1%). To date, at a median follow-up of 23.6 (12.1 to 54.7) months, 10 patients (45.4%) relapsed, with PSA doubling time of 1.5 (0.4 to 34.3) months. Of the relapsed patients, 8 (89%) had organ/specimen involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neoadjuvant chemohormonal approach with nerve-preservation surgery is feasible in patients with poor-prognosis localized prostate cancer. It leads to clinical tumor downstaging. The pattern of relapse suggests that local therapy, with radiotherapy for patients with surgical or capsular involvement, and additional systemic therapy should be integrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. avisella@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Avishay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sella
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zisman
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovel
authors.forename: Nirit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yarom
authors.forename: Dany
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leibovici
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004961:Estramustine