title: How accurately do Solsona and European Association of Urology risk groups predict for risk of lymph node metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prognostic accuracy of the Solsona and European Association of Urology (EAU) risk groups in the identification of lymph node involvement in a cohort of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical and pathologic data of 175 patients who had undergone surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from 1980 to 2002 at 11 urologic centers of northeastern Italy were retrospectively collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the EAU risk group, 25 patients were categorized as at low (15.1%), 23 (13.9%) as intermediate, and 118 (71.1%) as high risk of lymph node metastasis. Similarly, using the criteria of the Solsona risk group stratification, 25 (15.1%), 55 (33.1%), and 86 patients (51.8%) were categorized as at low, intermediate, and high risk. At the median follow-up of 26 months, lymph node involvement was observed in 71 (40.6%) of 175 patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both the EAU risk group (area under the curve = 0.632) and Solsona risk group (area under the curve = 0.697) had a low accuracy for predicting lymph node involvement. Both risk groups were independent predictors of lymph node involvement, as well as the clinical stage of lymph node involvement and the presence of vascular and/or lymphatic embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Solsona and EAU risk groups were both independent predictors of lymph node involvement, although the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that both risk groups had low predictive accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological and Surgical sciences, Urology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novara
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Artibani
authors.forename: Sergio Cosciani
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunico
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardiman
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martignoni
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siracusano
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tardanico
authors.forename: Filiberto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zattoni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment