title: Immunoreactivity of antibodies against transglutaminase-deamidated gliadins in adult celiac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The significance of the presence of anti-gliadin antibodies in patients affected by celiac disease is still unclear. It is hypothesized that gliadin deamidation, catalysed by transglutaminase, plays a role in favoring the antigen presentation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the immunoreactivity of anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated celiac patients to transglutaminase deamidated gliadins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gliadins from wheat flour underwent enzymatic digestion and were deamidated or cysteamine-transamidated by transglutaminase. Immunoreactivity of anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated adult celiac patients sera was evaluated by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gliadin deamidation increased antibodies immunoreactivity from 25% to 50% while cysteamine incorporation into the gliadin peptides resulted in an immunoreactivity decrease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased immunoreactivity of transglutaminase deamidated gliadins tested with anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated adult celiac patients supports the hypothesis of a pivotal role of gliadin deamidation in the pathomechanism of celiac disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agrifood Molecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Falini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elli
authors.forename: Rosita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caramanico
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardella
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terrani
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roncoroni
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doneda
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forlani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000378:metabolism; D003641:Deamination / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D003543:Cysteamine; D005903:Gliadin; D011503:Transglutaminases