title: Amnestic mild cognitive impairment: structural MR imaging findings predictive of conversion to Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered by many to be a prodromal phase of Alzheimer disease (AD). We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to find out whether structural differences on MR imaging could offer insight into the development of clinical AD in patients with amnestic MCI at 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four amnestic patients with MCI were included. After 3 years, 46% had progressed to AD (n = 11; age, 72.7 +/- 4.8 years; women/men, 8/3). For 13 patients (age, 72.4 +/- 8.6 years; women/men, 10/3), the diagnosis remained MCI. Baseline MR imaging at 1.5T included a coronal heavily T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo sequence. Localized gray matter differences were assessed with VBM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The converters had less gray matter volume in medial (including the hippocampus) and lateral temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and lateral temporal lobe structures. After correction for age, sex, total gray matter volume, and neuropsychological evaluation, left-sided atrophy remained statistically significant. Specifically, converters had more left parietal atrophy (angular gyrus and inferior parietal lobule) and left lateral temporal lobe atrophy (superior and middle temporal gyrus) than stable patients with MCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By studying 2 MCI populations, converters versus nonconverters, we found atrophy beyond the medial temporal lobe to be characteristic of patients with MCI who will progress to dementia. Atrophy of structures such as the left lateral temporal lobe and left parietal cortex may independently predict conversion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. GB.Karas@vumc.nl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sluimer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goekoop
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Flier
authors.forename: S A R B
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rombouts
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vrenken
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheltens
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000647:Amnesia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity