Public alcohol policy: current directions and new opportunities.
Alcohol policy has been shown to have an impact on the incidence and prevalence of alcohol "addiction," or alcohol use disorders (AUDs), as currently defined by the International Classification of Diseases, volume 10, or by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. We will mainly use the term "addiction" to depict a state involving loss of control over intense urges to consume alcohol, even at the expense of adverse consequences. This definition goes beyond pure "physiological dependence." We will use the term AUD when referring to statistics based on the above-described definitions. In this overview we identify the pathways in the relationship between alcohol policy and addiction, present the empirical evidence, and draw conclusions. Special emphasis will be put on treatment policy.
Rehm
J
J
Public Health and Regulatory Policies, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jtrehm@aol.com
Greenfield
T K
TK
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000191:economics*; D001315:Australia; D001334:Automobile Driving; D019985:Benchmarking; D001944:Breath Tests; D002170:Canada; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health / Q000639:trends*; D013660:Taxes; D014586:USSR; D014481:United States