title: Effect and mechanism of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to several antibiotics.
abstract: Effectiveness and mechanism of action of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated. In the presence of andrographolide, the Mueller-Hinton broth dilution method measured minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ceftazidine, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, L-ofloxacin, kanamycin, imipenem and meropenem. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mexB mRNA expressions in P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain. Relative mexB mRNA expression was detected in both strains incubated for 3 and 9 h. When andrographolide-treated groups were compared with controls, the MIC of ceftazidine, cefpirome, L-ofloxacin and meropenem for both strains decreased, and the relative mexB mRNA expression was significantly lower, although between andrographolide groups there were no significant differences. Compared with the inactivated quorum-sensing system, relative amounts of mexB mRNA in the PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain in the activated quorum-sensing system increased 10- and 30-fold, respectively. Andrographolide recovered P. aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics and reduced the MexAB-OprM efflux pump expression level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Diseases, The Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D004224:Diterpenes; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C118597:MexB protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; C402263:OprM protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C030419:andrographolide