title: Inhibitory effects of ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and translocation of cytosolic compounds to plasma membrane in human neutrophils.
abstract: The effects of five ginsenosides (G-Rh2, -Rd, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rh1) isolated from the root of Panax gingseng on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils were evaluated by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c. The tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins and translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac to the plasma membrane were detected using specific monoclonal antibodies. G-Rh2 significantly suppressed superoxide generation induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in a concentration-dependent manner. G-Rh1 showed a comparably lower suppression on fMLP-induced superoxide generation. G-Rd, -Rb1, and -Rb2 also suppressed AA-induced superoxide generation in high concentrations. G-Rd and G-Rb1 showed no effect on fMLP- and PMA-induced superoxide generation. FMLP-, PMA-, and AA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac to the plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-city, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Wenfei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jincai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D013481:Superoxides; D013912:Threonine; D014443:Tyrosine; D012694:Serine; D045304:Cytochromes c