title: Damaging effects of intense repetitive treadmill running on murine intestinal musculature.
abstract: Several gastrointestinal symptoms associated with prolonged intense exercise (IE) have been reported, although the mechanisms underlying its effects on the intestine remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IE may induce oxidative stress in the intestine, as well as its possible relationship with intestinal signaling impairments, leading to contractile disturbances. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to 4 days (EX.4D) and 10 days (EX.10D) of IE. The daily exercise session consisted of a running session until exhaustion, with the treadmill speed set at 85% of each animal's maximum velocity. The decrease in exhaustion time was exponential, and the reduction in the maximum velocity, as assessed by an incremental test, was higher in EX.4D than in EX.10D animals. The ileum mucosa layer was partially destroyed after 4 days of IE, where 37% and 11% muscle layer atrophies were observed in EX.4D and EX.10D animals, respectively. Ileum contractility was significantly impaired in the EX.4D animal group, with reduced efficacy for carbachol, bradykinin, and KCl signaling associated with a decrease in lipid peroxidation and with no alteration of protein oxidation. Intestinal myocytes from EX.10D animals displayed areas containing structurally disorganized mitochondria, which were associated with increased levels of protein oxidation, without alteration of contractility, except for a reduction in the potency of bradykinin signaling. Finally, no clear relationship between ileum contractility and oxidative stress was shown. Together, these results argue in favor of significant functional, biochemical, and morphological disturbances caused by exercise, thus demonstrating that intestinal tissue is very sensitive to exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, 7o andar,São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloi F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freymüller
authors.forename: Silvia S M
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Jeannine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aboulafia
authors.forename: Viviane L A
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Nouailhetas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007082:Ileum / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology*; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D019344:Lactic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol; D001920:Bradykinin