title: A meta-analysis of interventions to increase adherence to medication regimens for pediatric otitis media and streptococcal pharyngitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study quantitatively synthesized the adherence intervention literature for two common acute childhood illnesses and examined the magnitude of change in adherence as indicated by different outcome measures and the relationship between type of intervention and adherence outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis was used to synthesize the results of 12 interventions to increase medication adherence in pediatric otitis media and streptococcal pharyngitis. Effect sizes were analyzed using homogeneity tests and an analog to the analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combination interventions were more effective than single strategy interventions. However, families receiving educational interventions alone did not demonstrate better adherence than control groups. Indirect measures of adherence showed more change in adherence than direct measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further work is needed to develop effective interventions for improving adherence for the medication regimens required for short-term illness and for optimizing health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child Psychology Program, 2011 Dole Human Development Center, University of Kansas, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045-7555, USA. yelenawu@ku.edu
authors.forename: Yelena P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012944:Social Support; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*