title: Assessment of the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response to milk-specific proteins in allergic patients using microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most widespread human allergies, especially in young children. Although CMA is intensively studied, little is known about the recognition patterns of milk allergens in allergic patients, and the determination these patterns is a prerequisite for the development of efficient diagnostic and prognostic tools. Several factors present difficulties for such a determination, because (i) milk contains a large number of potential allergens; (ii) the majority of these allergens consist of complex suspensions rather than solutions; (iii) the major allergens, such as caseins, cannot be highly purified in large amounts; and (iv) most of the time, very small amount of young patients' sera are readily available.
  
  
  METHODS
  To overcome these difficulties, we developed a sensitive microarray assay that, in combination with near-infrared fluorescence detection, was used to study the immune response to milk and purified native milk proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This new assay allowed us to assess the binding ability of IgE to milk allergens from a large number of young patients using reduced amounts of clinical material. The data show that bovine lactoferrin can be classed as a strong milk allergen. We confirmed that bovine caseins are the main allergens in milk and that alpha(S1)-casein is more allergenic than alpha(S2)-, beta- and kappa-caseins, which were recognized with almost a similar frequency by the sera of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microarray methods, in combination with near-infrared fluorescence detection, can be useful for the in vitro diagnosis of food allergies.
authors.affiliation: UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, INRA, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gaudin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabesona
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Choiset
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yeretssian
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chobert
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sakanyan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drouet
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haertlé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007781:Lactoferrin