title: Paternal smoking and increased risk of infant and under-5 child mortality in Indonesia.
abstract: We examined the relationship between paternal smoking and child mortality. Among 361,021 rural and urban families in Indonesia, paternal smoking was associated with increased infant mortality (rural, odds ratio [OR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.35; urban, OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.20), and under-5 child mortality (rural, OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.26, 1.37; urban, OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.23). Paternal smoking diverts money from basic necessities to cigarettes and adversely affects child health; tobacco control should therefore be considered among strategies to improve child survival.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway, Suite 700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rdsemba@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Semba
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Pee
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Cora M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Mayang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bloem
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D046688:Child Mortality; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003906:Developing Countries; D004522:Educational Status; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution