title: Mental disorders among persons with arthritis: results from the World Mental Health Surveys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies in the USA have reported higher rates of mental disorders among persons with arthritis but no cross-national studies have been conducted. In this study the prevalence of specific mental disorders among persons with arthritis was estimated and their association with arthritis across diverse countries assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a series of cross-sectional population sample surveys. Eighteen population surveys of household-residing adults were carried out in 17 countries in different regions of the world. Most were carried out between 2001 and 2002, but others were completed as late as 2007. Mental disorders were assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Arthritis was ascertained by self-report. The association of anxiety disorders, mood disorders and alcohol use disorders with arthritis was assessed, controlling for age and sex. Prevalence rates for specific mental disorders among persons with and without arthritis were calculated and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age and sex, specific mood and anxiety disorders occurred among persons with arthritis at higher rates than among persons without arthritis. Alcohol abuse/dependence showed a weaker and less consistent association with arthritis. The pooled estimates of the age- and sex-adjusted ORs were about 1.9 for mood disorders and for anxiety disorders and about 1.5 for alcohol abuse/dependence among persons with versus without arthritis. The pattern of association between specific mood and anxiety disorders and arthritis was similar across countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mood and anxiety disorders occur with greater frequency among persons with arthritis than those without arthritis across diverse countries. The strength of association of specific mood and anxiety disorders with arthritis was generally consistent across disorders and across countries.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai, China. heyl2001@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: E H B
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Posada-Villa
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Angermeyer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mneimneh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benjet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gureje
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seedat
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Korff
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kessler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009226:Myristates; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012841:Simethicone; D013229:Stearic Acids
chemical_list: D002593:Cetrimonium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009226:Myristates; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D013229:Stearic Acids; C058060:Prevasore; D012841:Simethicone