title: Effect of supervised progressive resistance-exercise training protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids, and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of supervised progressive resistance-exercise training (PRT) protocol on insulin sensitivity, glycemia (blood glucose and A1C levels), lipids, and body composition in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes underwent 12 weeks of PRT of six muscle groups (two sets, 10 repetitions each). The subjects were evaluated with detailed anthropometry and with measurements of the disappearance of glucose per unit time (K) during the short insulin tolerance test (K(ITT)) for assessment of insulin sensitivity; of fasting blood glucose, A1C, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); of total body fat, regional fat, and lean body mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; and of cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of upper arm and thigh by computed tomography scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insulin sensitivity improved significantly from mean +/- SD K(ITT) 1.22 +/- 0.73 to 2.13 +/- 0.75 (P < 0.0001) after the intervention. Significant decline (mean difference +/- SD) from baseline was recorded in levels of the following parameters: A1C (0.54 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (2.7 +/- 2.2 mmol/l, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (0.39 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, P = 0.003), serum triglycerides (0.39 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, P < 0.001), and truncal and peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments (SCAT) (P < 0.001). However, no significant changes were noticed in BMI or levels of total body fat, truncal fat, lean body mass, cross-sectional skeletal muscle area of the extremities, or hsCRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-intensity PRT for 3 months resulted in significant improvement in insulin sensitivity, glycemia, lipids, and truncal and peripheral SCAT in patients with type 2 diabetes. Resistance training should be an integral part of exercise regimen in Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India. anoopmisra@metabolicresearchindia.com
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Narendra K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Alappan
authors.forename: Naval K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.forename: Kashish
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luthra
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol