title: Complications of maxillary sinus augmentations in a selective series of patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this case series was to describe late complications of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures, including paranasal sinusitis and oroantral fistula, and to discuss the definitive surgical methods of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case series included 13 patients hospitalized for a failed lateral-approach maxillary sinus augmentation, performed by a dental practitioner, with or without simultaneous implant placement. Data on patient gender and age, presenting signs and symptoms, radiographic appearance, method of repair, and follow-up were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7 female and 6 male patients aged 53-74 years. Twenty-six of the total 34 implants inserted failed, of which 7 were displaced into the sinus. All patients had maxillary sinusitis, and 2 also had an inflammation of other paranasal sinuses. Ten patients presented with an oroantral fistula. Review of the files of the referring practitioner revealed the preoperative presence of chronic maxillary sinusitis in 4 patients and an odontogenic cyst in 1. Caldwell-Luc operation served as the definitive surgical treatment. All fistulas were successfully closed by a palatal rotation advancement flap (8 patients) or a buccal flap (2 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation is necessary before sinus procedures to minimize complications. Total elimination of sinusitis and other pathologic conditions is recommended before maxillary sinus augmentation and implant surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel. avnaviva@bezeqint.net
authors.forename: Yakir
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anavi
authors.forename: Dror M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Allon
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avishai
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calderon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009957:Oroantral Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals