title: Patterns and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in surficial sediments of Lakes Erie and Ontario.
abstract: This study determines spatial trends and congener patterns of 2378-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in surficial sediments of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Sediments are enriched in 2378-PCDFs in Lake Ontario, and the PCDD/F concentrations increased from shallow near-shore sediments towards deep-water depositional zone sediments. In Lake Erie, sediments were dominated by octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and the highest PCDD/F concentrations were observed in the western basin and the southern shoreline of the central basin with a decrease towards the eastern basin and the northern shoreline of the central basin. Principal components analysis revealed that chemical manufacture and disposal of chemical waste along the Niagara River has been a major PCDD/F source to Lake Ontario; while PCDD/Fs in Lake Erie are from multiple sources including industrial sources along the Detroit River, major tributaries along the southern shoreline of the lake, and atmospherically-derived material from the upper lakes and connecting channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gewurtz
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Terry M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kolic
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Helm
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Brindle
authors.forename: Chris H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Marvin
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002170:Canada; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D007220:Industrial Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C020887:dibenzo(1,4)dioxin