title: Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy in otorhinolaryngology: experience from 1,000 treatments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy in a series of 1,000 treatments on 261 consecutive patients at the University Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cologne, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective computer database was analyzed, and all patient charts were reviewed retrospectively. In doing so, the main focus was put on patient characteristics, treatment methods, efficacy, unwanted side effects, and reinjection rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 different indications were treated with BTX belonging to the categories of focal dystonias, focal hyperhidrotic syndromes, and cosmetic dermatology. The overall morbidity was 1.3%, exclusively consisting of minor side effects. These were all reversible and mostly caused by paralysis of adjacent musculature. We did not observe any severe complications. Three (1.2%) patients developed a secondary nonresponse to BTX type A (BTX-A). Their treatment was continued with BTX type B. In 2.8% of treatments, patients thought the clinical effect was weak and returned for reinjection within 4 weeks after the first treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experience from the largest patient series known confirms that BTX-A injections are the therapy of choice for many forms of focal hyperhidrotic syndromes, focal dystonia, and hyperfunctional lines. It is an effective and safe treatment with only minor side effects. For optimal individual results, a thorough documentation of each treatment is necessary. Dosages should be as low as possible to reduce the probability of a patient developing a secondary nonresponse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. victor.helmstaedter@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Helmstaedter
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittekindt
authors.forename: Karl-Bernd
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Huttenbrink
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guntinas-Lichius
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D020323:Tics / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A