title: Pancreas allotransplants in patients with a previous total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A total pancreatectomy is the last resort in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis because it results in complete endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. More than 50% of total pancreatectomy patients experience severe glucose control problems, which cause up to 50% of late deaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1, 1986, and May 15, 2007, we performed 26 pancreas allotransplants (18 primary, 8 retransplants) in 18 patients who had previously undergone a total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis. All patients had a history of labile diabetes mellitus with hypoglycemic unawareness; secondary diabetic complications developed in 12. The median time interval from the total pancreatectomy to the pancreas allotransplant was 5 years (range 9 months to 22 years). Of the 26 transplants, 6 were performed in the cyclosporine (CSA) era, 15 in the tacrolimus (TAC) era, and 5 in the calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free era.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival rates at 1 and 3 years in both the CSA and TAC eras were 100% and 100%; in the CNI-free era, at 1 year, the survival rate was 40%. Pancreas graft survival rates in the CSA era were 67% and 50% at 1 and 3 years, respectively; in the TAC era, 73% and 51%, respectively; and in the CNI-free era, at 1 year, 40% (p=0.13). The mean number of rejection episodes in the CSA era was 2.1; in the TAC era, 1.4; and in the CNI-free era, 0.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series of pancreas allotransplants in patients with a previous total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis showed that pancreas graft survival rates of more than 70% can be achieved with TAC-based immunosuppression; pancreas transplants can successfully treat both endocrine and exocrine insufficiency; and sequential pancreas allotransplants should be considered a treatment option in patients with pancreatectomy-induced brittle diabetes mellitus or with progression of secondary complications of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rainer W G
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gruessner
authors.forename: David E R
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Drangstveit
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandaswamy
authors.forename: Angelika C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gruessner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors