title: Bond strength of glass-ceramics on the fluorosed enamel surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effect of different adhesive luting systems on the shear bond strength of IPS Empress 2 ceramic restorations to fluorosed enamel surface was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight ceramic discs (2 mm x 3 mm; IPS Empress 2) were fabricated. Twenty-four non-carious extracted human molar teeth with fluorosis and 24 without fluorosis were cleaned with pumice using a plastic brush and then they were divided into two main groups. The IPS Empress 2 ceramic discs were luted to the teeth of four subgroups with two different adhesive luting systems, Variolink 2/Excite DSC (etch-and-rinse) and Clearfil Esthetic Cement/ED Primer II (self-etch), thermocycling was performed 5000 times. Shear bond strengths were tested using Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine until failure. An optical microscope and image analyzer were used at 10x and 1000x magnification to analyze the surfaces for adhesive, cohesive and mixed failure percentages. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at a significance level of p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean shear bond strength data of the groups in MPa were; Variolink 2/Excite DSC on fluorosed enamel: 18.3+/-3.08, Variolink 2/Excite DSC on non-fluorosed enamel: 18.79+/-2.65, Clearfil Esthetic Cement/ED Primer II on fluorosed enamel: 8.43+/-2.45, Clearfil Esthetic Cement/ED Primer II on non-fluorosed enamel: 13.53+/-1.68. Mixed failure was the most prevalent type of failure in moderate fluorosed and non-fluorosed teeth with etch-and-rinse dentin bonding system, and in fluorosed teeth with self-etch dentin bonding system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of an etch-and-rinse adhesive luting procedure produced higher bond strengths of glass-ceramics bonded to fluorosed and non-fluorosed enamel surfaces than the self-etch bonding system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. tomantr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toman
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkün
authors.forename: Fahinur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ertuğrul
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008963:Molar; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: C118557:Empress 2; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; C530542:clearfil esthetic cement; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink