title: Recent diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in individuals who visited sexually transmitted infection-related clinics in Osaka, Japan.
abstract: By human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody screening of people who visited sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related clinics (venereology, urology, and gynecology) and were considered to conduct high-risk sexual activities for HIV-1 infection in Osaka, Japan, during 1992 to 2004, a total of 54 HIV-1 infected individuals (51 Japanese males and 3 non-Japanese females) were identified. Based on the sequencing at env-C2V3 and pol regions, Japanese males were mostly of subtype B (50/51 cases), with the one remaining case being a recombinant circulating form, CRF01_AE, while 3/3 viruses in non-Japanese females were of CRF01_AE. Analysis of subtype B cases since 2001 showed that these viruses became wider in their genetic variation, including amino acid insertions and also deletions, than that of the cases before 2000. Thus, it was suggested that HIV-1 spreading in Osaka has been increasing in genetic variability. Although all these infected individuals were first recognized to be infected with HIV-1 by our screening, some of them were carriers of HIV-1 with drug-resistant pol sequences, indicating that they could be infected with drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Infectious diseases, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan. kojima@iph.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahata
authors.forename: Haruyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otake
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus