title: Worsened MRI findings during the early period of treatment with penicillin in a patient with general paresis.
abstract: A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with general paresis, whose HIV antibodies were negative. After initiation of treatment with penicillin on the first day, no obvious clinical Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction was found. However, 6 days after treatment, the patient was found more irritable and was unable to fall asleep at night. On the seventh day, worsened magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the bilateral medial and anterior temporal lobes were unexpectedly discovered. These worsened MRI abnormalities improved quickly after the addition of dexamethasone treatment. We consider that these transient and slight mental symptoms may be associated with the transiently worsening phenomenon in cerebral MRI findings during the early period of treatment with penicillin. This indicates that some nonspecific inflammatory process has happened in the early stage of treatment, which necessitates the use of corticosteroids after the occurrence of systemic or mental symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. gen-plezhang@126.com
authors.forename: She-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xiao-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D009494:Neurosyphilis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010400:Penicillin G