title: Impact of deprivation on cardiovascular risk factors in people with diabetes: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of deprivation on prevalence of diabetes and of cardiovascular disease risk factors in people with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study of 52 280 people in diabetes registers of Greater Glasgow and Lothian NHS Board areas linked to hospital admission data. Results Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of diabetes increased from 2.3% in the least deprived quintile (Q1) to 3.3% in the most deprived quintile (Q5; P < 0.001), as did prevalence of vascular disease (Q1 20%, Q5 27%; P < 0.001). Prevalence of current smoking (Q1 13%, Q5 32%; P < 0.001), obesity (Q1 38%, Q5 51%; P < 0.001) and above-target glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c); > or = 7.5%: Q1 46% vs. Q5 47%; P = 0.01) were higher in the most deprived quintile. In contrast, the proportion of people with above-target cholesterol were similar (proportion > or = 5.0 mmol/l: Q1 26%, Q5 24%; P = 0.07) and the proportion of people with above-target systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower (SBP > or = 140 mmHg: Q1 44%, Q5 37%; P = 0.02) in the most deprived quintile. In people with diabetes and prevalent vascular disease, deprivation was associated with failure to reach cholesterol target [odds ratio cholesterol > or = 5.0 mmol/l: Q5 vs. Q1 1.23 (1.04-1.45) P = 0.013]. SBP and cholesterol were markedly lower compared with previous population surveys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of diabetes and vascular disease is greater in more deprived populations. Our data confirm a major advance in management of cholesterol and blood pressure management. Deprivation is still associated with failure to reach cholesterol targets in secondary prevention as well as higher prevalence of obesity and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConnachie
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol