title: The use of alloplastic materials in rhinoplasty surgery: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional wisdom regarding the use of alloplastic materials in rhinoplastic surgery would advise against their use because of safety and aesthetic concerns. However, autogenous tissue harvest is not without associated morbidity and may be inadequate or insufficient in some clinical situations. Prior studies examining this issue have not provided definitive recommendations regarding implant selection, ideal locations in which to use specific implants, and necessary follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the authors systematically reviewed the available literature on alloplastic implant use in rhinoplastic surgery by searching the MEDLINE database (from 1966 through September of 2005). Bibliographies from retrieved articles were searched for additional references. All data were independently extracted by two coauthors. Second, the authors performed a meta-analysis of the three most commonly used implant types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although a wide variety of alloplastic materials have been used historically and are still currently available, the most commonly used materials are silicone, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex), and porous high-density polyethylene (Medpor). In our meta-analysis, the removal rate for both Gore-Tex and Medpor implants was 3.1 percent, whereas the removal rate for silicone implants was significantly higher at 6.5 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alloplastic implants in rhinoplastic surgery have acceptable complication rates and can be used when autogenous materials are unavailable or insufficient. Outcomes with Medpor or Gore-Tex implants may be slightly better than those with silicone. Improved reporting of implant failures and follow-up times in future studies are needed to better define specific guidelines for the use of these materials.
authors.affiliation: Tucson, Ariz.; and Boston, Mass. From the Institute for Peripheral Nerve Surgery and Plastic Surgery, University of Arizona; the Clinical Research Program, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Massachusetts General Hospital.
authors.forename: Ziv M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaremchuk
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006801:Humans; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012828:Silicones
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C084562:Medpor; D011095:Polyethylenes; D012828:Silicones; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene