title: Characterization of carotid atherosclerosis and detection of soft plaque with use of black-blood MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis, the rate of stenosis and characteristics of plaque should be assessed to diagnose vulnerable plaques that increase the risk for cerebral infarction. We performed carotid black-blood (BB) MR imaging to diagnose plaque components and assess plaque hardness based on MR signals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three images of BB-MR imaging per plaque were obtained from 70 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to generate T1- and T2-weighted images. To evaluate the relative signal intensity (rSI) of plaque components and the relationship between histologic findings and symptoms, we prepared sections at 2-mm intervals from 34 intact plaques. We then calculated the relative overall signal intensity (roSI) of 70 plaques to assess the relationship between MR signal intensity and plaque hardness and symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of rSI values on T1- and T2-weighted images of fibrous cap (FC), fibrosis, calcification, myxomatous tissue, lipid core (LC) with intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and LC without IPH differed. Symptomatic plaques were associated with FC disruption (P < .001) and LC with IPH (P < .05). The roSI on T1-weighted images was significantly higher for soft than nonsoft plaques. When the roSI cutoff value was set at 1.25 (mean of the roSI), soft plaques were diagnosed with 79.4% sensitivity and 84.4% specificity. The roSI was also significantly higher for symptomatic than for asymptomatic plaques. Soft and nonsoft plaques as well as symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques did not significantly differ on T2-weighted images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BB-MR imaging can diagnose plaque components and predict plaque hardness. This procedure provides useful information for planning therapeutic strategies of carotid atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan. ky7694@kchnet.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Narumi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity