Adaptive expression of foreign genes in the clonal variants of bacteria: from proteomics to clinical application.
Clonal variants of bacteria are able to colonize environmental niches and patients. The factors, that determine the interplay between the colonization of diverse habitats and adaptation, are acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Elucidation of mechanisms, which lead to the prevalence of dominant bacterial clones in patients and the environment, requires the knowledge of complex phenotypes. It was found in the genomes of most bacteria, that upon a conserved chromosomal backbone there were regions of plasticity achieved by insertions, deletions and rearrangements of genomic islands and islets as well as large chromosomal inversions. However, it had been shown that environmental and clinical isolates are indistinguishable in certain pathogenic and biodegradative properties. For example, clonal variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibit convergent phenotypes despite the presence of numerous DNA insertions in the genome. Apart from this feature, expression of a few genes from the acquired genetic material is important for niche-based adaptation of this organism. Protein expression patterns at the cellular and sub-cellular levels showed common virulence factors and novel drug targets among clonal variants of bacteria. This review will give a short overview on proteomics of different clonal variants of bacteria with respect to clinical applications.
Sriramulu
Dinesh D
DD
Division of Cell and Immune Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany. d.sriramulu@gmail.com
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D044404:Genomic Islands / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000235:genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
D004269:DNA, Bacterial