title: Perinatal stress influences lymphocyte subset counts in neonates. The generation R study.
abstract: In the general population, it is unknown whether stress-related perinatal factors influence lymphocyte subset counts in neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of perinatal factors related to stress and hypoxia (mode of delivery, Apgar scores, and umbilical cord blood pH) with absolute lymphocyte subset counts (T, B, NK, helper T, cytotoxic T, naïve, memory T) in cord blood of 571 neonates. This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life onwards. All models were adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, gender, maternal fever, and each of the other perinatal stress-relating factors. Our results showed that increasing stress-related mode of delivery was positively associated with NK and memory T-lymphocyte subset counts (all p < 0.01). Effects of Apgar scores on lymphocyte subsets were explained by umbilical cord blood pH. Lower umbilical cord blood pH was associated with higher B, NK, and memory T-lymphocyte counts (all p < 0.05). Effects of mode of delivery and umbilical cord blood pH on other lymphocyte subsets were not observed. We conclude that, in the general population, lymphocyte subset counts in neonates increase with increasing stress- and hypoxia-related perinatal factors.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duijts
authors.forename: Liesbeth E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bakker-Jonges
authors.forename: Joost A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Labout
authors.forename: Vincent W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Eric A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Steegers
authors.forename: Jacques J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Van Dongen
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hooijkaas
authors.forename: Henriëtte A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Moll
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001724:Birth Weight; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D005334:Fever / Q000276:immunology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*