title: Determinants of adiponectin levels in young people with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether adiponectin levels are higher in youth with Type 1 diabetes than in non-diabetic controls, and explore potential determinants for this difference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Case-Control Study. A total of 440 youth with Type 1 diabetes and 191 non-diabetic healthy controls age 10-22 years of non-Hispanic White (NHW), African-American (AA) and Hispanic (H) origin were included in this analysis. Mean adiponectin levels were compared between persons with diabetes and controls within each racial/ethnic group, sequentially adjusting for the following variables: demographic (age, sex, Tanner stage), kidney function (albumin: creatinin ratio: ACR), obesity (body mass index: BMI; waist circumference), behavioral (percent calories from fat, physical activity), and glucose control (hemoglobin A1c: HbA(1c)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean adiponectin levels, adjusted for age, sex and Tanner stage, were higher in persons with Type 1 diabetes than in control subjects, among NHW (17.6 vs 13.0 microg/ml, P < 0.001) and H (17.2 vs 13.0, P = 0.01), and slightly higher but not significantly so among AA (14.5 vs 12.6, P = 0.1). The differences persisted after additionally adjusting for differences in ACR, BMI and waist circumference. We found a positive relationship between adiponectin and HbA(1c) in youth with Type 1 diabetes, even after adjustment for age, sex and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin is higher in an ethnically diverse group of youth with Type 1 diabetes than in control subjects. The relationship between glycemic control and adiponectin in Type 1 diabetes requires further exploration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curran-Everett
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maahs
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin