title: Immediate electrical stimulation enhances regeneration and reinnervation and modulates spinal plastic changes after sciatic nerve injury and repair.
abstract: We have studied whether electrical stimulation immediately after nerve injury may enhance axonal regeneration and modulate plastic changes at the spinal cord level underlying the appearance of hyperreflexia. Two groups of adult rats were subjected to sciatic nerve section followed by suture repair. One group (ES) received electrical stimulation (3 V, 0.1 ms at 20 Hz) for 1 h after injury. A second group served as control (C). Nerve conduction, H reflex, motor evoked potentials, and algesimetry tests were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks after surgery, to assess muscle reinnervation and changes in excitability of spinal cord circuitry. The electrophysiological results showed higher levels of reinnervation, and histological results a significantly higher number of regenerated myelinated fibers in the distal tibial nerve in group ES in comparison with group C. The monosynaptic H reflex was facilitated in the injured limb, to a higher degree in group C than in group ES. The amplitudes of motor evoked potentials were similar in both groups, although the MEP/M ratio was increased in group C compared to group ES, indicating mild central motor hyperexcitability. Immunohistochemical labeling of sensory afferents in the spinal cord dorsal horn showed prevention of the reduction in expression of substance P at one month postlesion in group ES. In conclusion, brief electrical stimulation applied after sciatic nerve injury promotes axonal regeneration over a long distance and reduces facilitation of spinal motor responses.
authors.affiliation: Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vivó
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puigdemasa
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Udina
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000528:radiation effects; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000528:radiation effects; D012018:Reflex / Q000528:radiation effects; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D013373:Substance P; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide