title: Effects of injectable vitamins A, D, E and C on the health and growth rate of feedlot cattle destined for the Australian domestic market.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of injectable vitamins A, D and E at feedlot entry on health and growth rate and the effects of injectable vitamin C at the time of treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on cattle health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic allocation of 2465 cattle at feedlot entry to: a commercial vitamin A, D and E preparation at the label dose rate; commercial vitamin A, D and E at twice the label dose rate; a formulation with no vitamin D, a lower concentration of vitamin A and a higher concentration of vitamin E; and the oil-based carrier alone at volumes corresponding to the above treatments. Comparisons of growth rate, disease and mortality were made between the groups at the conclusion of the feeding period. In a separate experiment, 176 cattle were alternately administered injectable vitamin C at the time of treatment for BRD, or were not injected with vitamin C, and mortality was compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between cattle administered vitamin A, D and E at feedlot entry and the controls in growth rate (P=0.11), all diseases (P=0.99), BRD (P=0.60) or mortalities (P=0.95). Cattle treated with the higher vitamin E and lower vitamin A preparation had a higher (P=0.02) incidence of anorexia than the other groups. Fewer cattle treated with 5 g of vitamin C by intramuscular injection at the time of treatment with antibiotics for BRD subsequently died (P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The routine injection of cattle with vitamins A, D and E at feedlot entry is unlikely to result in improvements in health and growth rate where cattle are provided with these vitamins in their diets at concentrations equal to the National Research Council recommendations. Mortality rate in cattle diagnosed with BRD may be reduced by intramuscular injection of vitamin C at the time of treatment with antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Australian Livestock Production Services, 102 Darling St, Cowra NSW 2794, Australia. cowravet@bigpond.com
authors.forename: P M V
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: McMeniman
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lean
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D048090:Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D011793:Queensland; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid