title: Gastrointestinal symptoms and motility disorders in patients with systemic scleroderma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on gastrointestinal symptoms, dysfunctions, and neurological disorders in systemic scleroderma are lacking so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight scleroderma patients (34 limited, 4 diffuse), 60 healthy controls and 68 dyspeptic controls were scored for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (dyspepsia, bowel habits), gastric and gallbladder emptying to liquid meal (functional ultrasonography) and small bowel transit (H2-breath test). Autonomic nerve function was assessed by cardiovascular tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The score for dyspepsia (mainly gastric fullness) was greater in scleroderma patients than healthy controls, but lower than dyspeptic controls who had multiple symptoms, instead. Scleroderma patients with dyspepsia had a longer disease duration. Fasting antral area and postprandial antral dilatation were smaller in scleroderma patients than dyspeptic and healthy controls. Gastric emptying was delayed in both scleroderma patients (particularly in those with abnormal dyspeptic score) and dyspeptic controls, who also showed a larger residual area. Despite gallbladder fasting and postprandial volumes were comparable across the three groups, gallbladder refilling appeared delayed in dyspeptic controls and mainly dependent on delayed gastric emptying in scleroderma. Small intestinal transit was also delayed in 74% of scleroderma and 66% of dyspeptic controls. Bowel habits were similar among the three groups. Autonomic neuropathy was not associated with dyspepsia, gastric and gallbladder motility and small intestinal transit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In scleroderma patients dyspepsia (mainly gastric fullness), restricted distension of the gastric antrum and diffuse gastrointestinal dysmotility are frequent features. These defects are independent from the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal and Public Medicine (DIMIMP) University Medical School of Bari, Section of Internal Medicine, Bari, Italy. agostinodiciaula@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Ciaula
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Covelli
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berardino
authors.forename: David Q H
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lapadula
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palasciano
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Portincasa
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*