title: Encapsulation of methylene blue in polyacrylamide nanoparticle platforms protects its photodynamic effectiveness.
abstract: The ability to prevent methylene blue (MB), a photosensitizer, from being reduced by plasma reductases will greatly improve its efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. We have developed a delivery approach for PDT by encapsulating MB using nanoparticle platforms (NPs). The 30-nm polyacrylamide-based NPs provide protection for the embedded MB against reduction by diaphorase enzymes. Furthermore, our data shows the matrix-protected MB efficiently induces photodynamic damage to tumor cells. The unprecedented results demonstrate the significant in vitro photodynamic effectiveness of MB when encapsulated within NPs, which promises to open new opportunities for MB in its in vivo and clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Edwin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Philbert
authors.forename: Raoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kopelman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008751:Methylene Blue