title: Trigeminal nociceptors express prostaglandin receptors.
abstract: Orofacial inflammation is associated with prostaglandin release and the sensitization of nociceptive receptors such as the transient receptor potential subtype V(1) (TRPV(1)). We hypothesized that certain PGE(2) receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4) are co-expressed with TRPV(1) in trigeminal nociceptors and sensitize responses to a TRPV(1) agonist, capsaicin. Accordingly, combined in situ hybridization was performed with immunohistochemistry on rat trigeminal ganglia. We next evaluated the effects of specific EP2 and EP3 agonists (butaprost and sulprostone) in cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons. The results showed that EP2 and EP3 are expressed in trigeminal neurons (58% and 53% of total neurons, respectively) and are co-expressed in TRPV(1)-positive neurons (64% and 67 % of TRPV(1)-positive neurons, respectively). Moreover, most of the cells expressing EP2 or EP3 mRNA were of small to medium diameter (< 30 microm). The application of butaprost and sulprostone triggered neuropeptide exocytosis, and butaprost sensitized capsaicin responses. Analysis of these data, collectively, supports the hypothesis that prostaglandins regulate trigeminal TRPV(1) nociceptors via activation of the EP2 and EP3 receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farugia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048429:Cell Size; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000819:agonists; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; C545646:Ptger2 protein, rat; C545649:Ptger3 protein, rat; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; C016767:sulprostone; D000527:Alprostadil; C048491:butaprost; D015232:Dinoprostone; D002211:Capsaicin