Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: an exception or the rule?
It is generally thought that many drug molecules are transported across biological membranes via passive diffusion at a rate related to their lipophilicity. However, the types of biophysical forces involved in the interaction of drugs with lipid membranes are no different from those involved in their interaction with proteins, and so arguments based on lipophilicity could also be applied to drug uptake by membrane transporters or carriers. In this article, we discuss the evidence supporting the idea that rather than being an exception, carrier-mediated and active uptake of drugs may be more common than is usually assumed - including a summary of specific cases in which drugs are known to be taken up into cells via defined carriers - and consider the implications for drug discovery and development.
Dobson
Paul D
PD
School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
Kell
Douglas B
DB
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*
D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations