title: Diagnostic accuracy of arterial phase 64-slice multidetector CT angiography for left atrial appendage thrombus in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multidetector CT (MDCT) is used prior to atrial fibrillation ablation (AFA) to anatomically guide ablation procedures. Whether 64-slice MDCT also can be used to diagnose left atrial thrombus is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sought to determine the accuracy and interobserver variability of MDCT in the evaluation of left atrial thrombus prior to AFA. We enrolled 50 patients scheduled for AFA who underwent 64-slice MDCT scan and transesophageal echocardiography prior to the procedure. Three experienced observers reviewed all the MDCT images for the presence of a left atrial thrombus, and two different readers interpreted the transesophageal echocardiograms (TEE), which were used as the gold standard. All observers were blinded to clinical data and each other.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interobserver variability between the three MDCT readers was poor (highest kappa statistic 0.43, P = 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was highly variable, with sensitivities ranging from 100% to 50% and specificities ranging from 85% to 44%. TEE reader agreement was 98%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDCT demonstrates high interobserver variability and has only modest diagnostic accuracy for the detection of left atrial thrombus in patients undergoing AFA procedure. Potential factors affecting the accuracy of MDCT include image quality and the difficulty of distinguishing clot from pectinate muscle. MDCT likely is not the optimal method to detect left atrial thrombus using current techniques and standards of interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Aurélio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Jeff A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brinker
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Corretti
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.forename: Joao A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Marine
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Calkins
authors.forename: Theodore P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Henrikson
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020517:Atrial Appendage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*