title: Free-hand bedside catheter evacuation of cerebellar hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebellar hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. Open craniectomy, hemorrhage evacuation and posterior fossa decompression is the treatment of choice. Patients with aspirin antithrombotic medication, however, face an increased risk of postoperative rebleeding, because it is impossible to normalize blood coagulation in time. To sufficiently treat these patients, we have developed a minimally-invasive, free-hand, bedside catheter evacuation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective analysis, two patients with a mean age of 68 years and antithrombotic aspirin medication with cerebellar hemorrhage were treated. On admission, mean hemorrhage volume was 30.25 mL or 3.7x4.75x3.03 cm, mean GCS was 7.5, initial aspiration drained a mean 24 mL of blood. After a mean of 2.5 days of urokinase lysis, mean hemorrhage volume was 3.7 mL or 2.25x2.0x1.15 cm and mean EGOS on discharge was 4.5. After a mean follow-up of 408 days, the mean EGOS was 5.5, and both patients were alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude from these data that, in selected cases, bedside catheter placement and consequent urokinase lysis is a successful way to drain posterior fossa hemorrhage. However, experience in catheter positioning is crucial and the technique therefore should only be performed by experienced neurosurgeons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg Medical School, Freiburg, Germany. deininger@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Deininger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Velthoven
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000592:standards*; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D001241:Aspirin