Structural and functional diversity of ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductases.
Although all ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductases (FNRs) catalyze the same reaction, i.e. the transfer of reducing equivalents between NADP(H) and ferredoxin, they belong to two unrelated families of proteins: the plant-type and the glutathione reductase-type of FNRs. Aim of this review is to provide a general classification scheme for these enzymes, to be used as a framework for the comparison of their properties. Furthermore, we report on some recent findings, which significantly increased the understanding of the structure-function relationships of FNRs, i.e. the ability of adrenodoxin reductase and its homologs to catalyze the oxidation of NADP(+) to its 4-oxo derivative, and the properties of plant-type FNRs from non-photosynthetic organisms. Plant-type FNRs from bacteria and Apicomplexan parasites provide examples of novel ways of FAD- and NADP(H)-binding. The recent characterization of an FNR from Plasmodium falciparum brings these enzymes into the field of drug design.
Aliverti
Alessandro
A
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy. alessandro.aliverti@unimi.it
Pandini
Vittorio
V
Pennati
Andrea
A
de Rosa
Matteo
M
Zanetti
Giuliana
G
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004579:Electron Transport; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005288:Ferredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000201:enzymology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005288:Ferredoxins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D009249:NADP; D005287:Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase