title: Signaling responses of osteoblast cells to hydroxyapatite: the activation of ERK and SOX9.
abstract: The intracellular signaling cascade triggered as a result of the surface chemistry of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite (HA) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the ERK signaling molecule is activated in response to HA. Moreover, we have performed the first systemic analysis of expression profiles using microarray technology. Eleven genes, including those involved in calcium regulation and bone matrix formation, showed a greater than 2.0-fold change in expression level in response to HA. Among those genes upregulated by HA was the gene encoding SOX9, whose expression we confirmed by real-time PCR analysis with a 5.7-fold increase in expression. Taken together, our results suggest that the activation of ERK and SOX9 by HA could have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which cells respond on a molecular level to HA.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soonok
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Wonmo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyoun-Ee
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun-Hyeog
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017886:Durapatite; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases