title: Increased sporulation rate of epidemic Clostridium difficile Type 027/NAP1.
abstract: Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 comprised 0.2% of a collection of Swedish isolates in 1997-2001 (3 of 1,325 isolates). These isolates had lower moxifloxacin MICs than the epidemic type 027 isolates, but they had the same tcdC sequence and toxin yield. Type 027 produced 3- to 13-fold more toxin than did major Swedish types. One epidemic strain (027/NAP1a) sporulated more than did other type 027 isolates, a feature that should contribute to its survival and spread.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Bacteriology, SE-171 82, Solna, Sweden. Thomas.Akerlund@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akerlund
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unemo
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norén
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Svenungsson
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wullt
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Burman
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021521:Ribotyping; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C105615:TcdC protein, Clostridium difficile; D000077266:Moxifloxacin