title: Plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells with a partial activation phenotype accumulate in lymphoid tissue during asymptomatic chronic HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) from HIV-1-infected individuals display numeric and functional defects, and recent evidence suggests that HIV-1 can directly and indirectly activate DCs in vitro. The in vivo activation state and compartmentalization of DC subsets during HIV-1 infection remain poorly understood, however. We evaluated phenotypic and functional characteristics of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) directly ex vivo in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue from HIV-1-infected and HIV-seronegative individuals. Analysis of a wide range of chemokine receptors and activation/maturation markers on circulating DCs from viremic HIV-1-infected donors revealed a phenotype indicative of partial activation. Yet, blood DCs from viremic subjects still achieved full maturation when stimulated in vitro. In addition, blood pDCs from viremic individuals had a reduced capacity to migrate to CXCL12 in vitro. Total numbers of both DC subsets were increased in lymph nodes of asymptomatic untreated HIV-1-infected subjects, consistent with DC accumulation in the lymphoid compartment. Lymph node DCs also expressed high levels of CD40 in the absence of increases of other typical activation/maturation markers. Activation and depletion of DCs in blood with accumulation in lymphoid tissue may contribute to HIV-associated chronic immune activation and T-cell dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: Kathryn B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mawhinney
authors.forename: Amie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Meditz
authors.forename: Joy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Folkvord
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Connick
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McCarter
authors.forename: Cara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers