title: An integration of parents' and best friends' smoking, smoking-specific cognitions, and nicotine dependence in relation to readiness to quit smoking: a comparison between adolescents with and without asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact of parents' and best friends' smoking, nicotine dependence, and craving on smoking-specific cognitions, and readiness to quit in adolescents with and without asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Structural equation analyses were applied to data from a sample of 1,120 daily smoking adolescents, 83 of whom had asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with asthma felt more ready to quit, and cognitions were more strongly related to readiness to quit among adolescents with asthma than among adolescents without asthma. Moreover, best friends' smoking seemed more relevant to the cognitions of adolescents with asthma. Nicotine dependence and craving were strongly related to cognitions, and to readiness to quit in both groups. The relation between craving and readiness to quit, however, was stronger among participants with asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of nicotine dependence and craving is essential for both groups. Youth with asthma may benefit even more from cognitive-based cessation services than healthy youth. The finding that adolescents with asthma are relatively more ready to quit, and that their cognitions are more easily affected can be turned into advantages in asthma-specific cessation services.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands. r.vanzundert@pwo.ru.nl
authors.forename: Rinka M P
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van Zundert
authors.forename: Rutger C M E
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Engels
authors.forename: Marloes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinjan
authors.forename: Regina J J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van den Eijnden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012931:Social Environment; D012932:Social Facilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation