title: Genetic heterozygosity and sociality in a primate species.
abstract: The relationship between an individual's genotype and its phenotype is a central issue in biology, but one that is largely unexplored for the important phenotype of complex social behavior. Here we examine the relationship between heterozygosity and social behavior among unrelated adult female rhesus macaques living on the island of Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico). We show that female macaques with lower mean neutral heterozygosity were discriminated against by their unrelated conspecifics: less heterozygous females received aggressive behavior at higher rates and received affiliation at lower rates than more heterozygous females. We demonstrate that these results are likely due to local genomic effects associated with particular microsatellite loci. Our study suggests that genetic characteristics can impact the way an individual experiences its social environment and that female macaques that are homozygous at two microsatellite loci appear to be less attractive social partners based on grooming and aggression received by unrelated conspecifics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Science Drive, Biological Bldg 020, PO 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA. mariecharp@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Marie J E
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prugnolle
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gimenez
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Widdig
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D016678:Genome; D005838:Genotype; D006120:Grooming / Q000502:physiology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D011817:Rabbits; D012919:Social Behavior