title: Impact of intimate partner violence on children's well-child care and medical home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intimate partner violence has been linked to poor child health. A continuous relationship with a primary care pediatric provider can help to detect intimate partner violence and connect families with needed services. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between intimate partner violence and (1) maternal report of a regular site for well-child care, (2) maternal report of a primary pediatric provider, (3) well-child visits in the first year of life, (4) up-to-date immunizations at 2 years of age, (5) maternal report of medical neglect, and (6) maternal report of the pediatric provider-caregiver relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective cohort study evaluated data from 209 at-risk families participating in the evaluation of the Healthy Families Alaska program. Research staff interviewed mothers near the time of an index child's birth and again at the child's second birthday. Medical charts were abstracted for information on well-child visits and immunizations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers who disclosed intimate partner violence at the initial interview (n = 62) were significantly less likely to report a regular site for well-child care or a primary pediatric provider. In multivariable models, children of mothers who disclosed intimate partner violence tended to be less likely to have the recommended 5 well-child visits within the first year of life and were significantly less likely to be fully immunized at 2 years of age. Differences in medical neglect were not statistically significant. Of mothers who reported a specific primary pediatric provider, those with intimate partner violence histories trusted this provider less and tended to rate less favorably pediatric provider-caregiver communication and the overall quality of the pediatric provider-caregiver relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should explore effective ways to link intimate partner violence-exposed children with a medical home and a primary pediatric provider and to improve relationships between pediatric providers and caregivers who face violence at home.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mbairme1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Megan H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bair-Merritt
authors.forename: Sarah Shea
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Crowne
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caldera
authors.forename: Tina L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Duggan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017028:Caregivers; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires