title: Risk factors and neurological consequences of syncopes induced by internal carotid artery angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Syncope and carotid sinus reactions (CSR) occur frequently in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty (CA). We investigated risk factors and the neurological consequences of carotid sinus syncope induced by CA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 359 consecutive patients. Patients underwent assessment of cerebrovascular reserve before CA and continuous electroencephalographical monitoring during the procedure. We examined the impact of vascular risk factors, cerebral hemodynamics, characteristics of plaque, and procedural modality on the incidence of CSR and syncope. The effect of syncopes on periprocedural complication rates was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSR and syncope occurred in 62.7% and 18.0% of the procedures, respectively. The occurrence of CSR during angioplasty was significantly associated with the appearance of syncope. The incidence of syncope was significantly higher in longer plaques located in the carotid bifurcation, in the presence of contralateral carotid stenosis, or when protection devices were used. Although TIA during CA was more common in syncopal patients, stroke or death rates were similar in the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Syncope occurs more frequently in patients with long plaques proximal to the carotid bifurcation, but it does not increase the periprocedural complications rate.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fernandez
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boza Garcia
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Marcos
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Peralta
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Garcia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayol Deya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013575:Syncope / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*