title: Phytosterol-enriched products on the Irish market: examination of intake and consumption patterns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study patterns of phytosterol intakes in the Irish population from enriched sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  An interview-assisted questionnaire, which recorded information on sociodemographics, product types, intake amounts and patterns of intake. Independent samples t tests, one-way ANOVA and cross-tabulations were used to establish significant relationships between groups of variables. The top tertile of phytosterol intakes was also calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Point-of-purchase of phytosterol-enriched products in Irish supermarkets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and sixty-eight consumers (186 men and 282 women) of phytosterol-enriched foods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean phytosterol intake from enriched sources for the sample population was 2.45 g/d. Men had greater intakes than women (2.71 g/d v. 2.29 g/d, respectively). A total of 62 % of consumers were unaware of the importance of consuming fruit and vegetables while taking these products. The majority of respondents reported that they had high cholesterol (61 %) and 22 % of consumers also took cholesterol-lowering medication (statins). In total, 23 % had phytosterol intakes >3.0 g/d and the majority of consumers (58 %) had been consuming these products for >1 year. The mean intake for respondents with phytosterol intakes >3.0 g/d was 4.1 g/d and 74 % of this subgroup had been consuming these products for >1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, phytosterol intakes are within efficacious levels in the Irish population. However, there appears to be a subgroup that has been consuming these products at intakes greater than current recommendations for >1 year.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, Room 3.02C, UCD Agriculture and Food Science Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Aine.Hearty@ucd.ie
authors.forename: Aine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hearty
authors.forename: Edel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Caitriona
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010840:Phytosterols