title: Epithelial expression of mRNA and protein for IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in endobronchial biopsies in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of bronchial epithelium to airway inflammation, with focus on mRNA and protein expression of cytokines of innate immunity IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha, in horses with Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) during exacerbation and in remission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite marked clinical and physiologic alterations between exacerbation and after remission in the RAO horses no differences were detected in either cytokine mRNA or protein levels. Moreover, the expression of investigated cytokines in RAO horses on pasture did not differ from controls. In comparing real-time PCR analysis to results of immunohistochemistry only IL-10 mRNA and protein levels in RAO horses on pasture were significantly correlated (rs = 0.893, p = 0.007). Curiously, in controls examined on pasture the TNF-alpha protein level was positively correlated to IL-10 mRNA expression (rs = 0.967, p = 0.007) and negatively correlated to IL-6 mRNA expression (rs = -0.971, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the complementary relationship of assessing cytokines directly by immunohistochemistry, or indirectly by PCR to mRNA, the lack of significant changes in either mRNA or protein levels of IL-6, IL-10 or TNF-alpha mRNA in RAO horses in exacerbation suggests that these particular cytokines in bronchial tissue may not play a substantive role in the active inflammation of this disease. To support this contention further studies examining time dependency of expression of IL-6, IL-10 or TNF-alpha are needed, as is expansion of the range of cytokines to include other key regulators of airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Internal Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Miia.Riihimaki@kv.slu.se
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riihimäki
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourazar
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Art
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lekeux
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Couëtil
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pringle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10