title: Differential roles of PKCalpha and PKCepsilon in controlling the gene expression of Nox4 in human endothelial cells.
abstract: NADPH oxidases are major sources of superoxide in the vascular wall. This study investigates the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulating gene expression of NADPH oxidases. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and HUVEC-derived EA.hy 926 endothelial cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate led to a PKC-dependent biphasic expression of the gp91phox homolog Nox4. A downregulation of Nox4 was observed at 6 h and an upregulation at 48 h after phorbol ester treatment. The early Nox4 downregulation was associated with a reduced superoxide production, whereas the late Nox4 upregulation was accompanied by a clear enhancement of superoxide. PMA activated the PKC isoforms alpha and epsilon in HUVEC and EA.hy 926 cells. Knockdown of PKCepsilon by siRNA prevented the early downregulation of Nox4, whereas knockdown of PKCalpha selectively abolished the late Nox4 upregulation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which activates PKCalpha but not PKCepsilon in HUVEC, increased Nox4 expression without the initial downregulation. VEGF-induced Nox4 upregulation was associated with an enhanced proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVEC. Both effects could be reduced by inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Thus, a selective inhibition/knockdown of PKCalpha may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goettsch
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horke
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morawietz
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Förstermann
authors.forename: Huige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013481:Superoxides; D015240:Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C498910:NOX4 protein, human; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate