title: Phosphate removal from wastewater using red mud.
abstract: Red mud, a waste residue of alumina refinery, has been used to develop effective adsorbents to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. Acid and acid-thermal treatments were employed to treat the raw red mud. The effects of different treatment methods, pH of solution and operating temperature on adsorption have been examined in batch experiments. It was found that all activated red mud samples show higher surface area and total pore volume as well as higher adsorption capacity for phosphate removal. The red mud with HCl treatment shows the highest adsorption capacity among all the red mud samples, giving adsorption capacity of 0.58 mg P/g at pH 5.5 and 40 degrees C. The adsorption capacity of the red mud adsorbents decreases with increase of pH. At pH 2, the red mud with HCl treatment exhibits adsorption of 0.8 mg P/g while the adsorption can be lowered to 0.05 mg P/g at pH 10. However, the adsorption is improved at higher temperature by increasing 25% from 30 to 40 degrees C. The kinetic studies of phosphate adsorption onto red mud indicate that the adsorption mainly follows the parallel first-order kinetics due to the presence of two acidic phosphorus species, H(2)PO(4)(-) and HPO(4)(2-). An analysis of the adsorption data indicates that the Freundlich isotherm provides a better fitting than the Langmuir model.
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials and Division of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shaobin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiangdong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Fouad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haghseresht
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008956:Models, Chemical; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010710:Phosphates; D017942:Nitric Acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid