title: Crucial roles of neuronatin in insulin secretion and high glucose-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cells.
abstract: Neuronatin (Nnat) was initially identified as a selectively-expressed gene in neonatal brains, but its expression has been also identified in pancreatic beta-cells. Therefore, to investigate the possible functions that Nnat may serve in pancreatic beta-cells, two Nnat isotypes (alpha and beta) were expressed using adenoviruses in murine MIN6N8 pancreatic beta-cells, and the cellular fates and the effects of Nnat on insulin secretion, high glucose-induced apoptosis, and functional impairment were examined. Nnatalpha and Nnatbeta were primarily localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and their expressions increased insulin secretion by increasing intracellular calcium levels. However, under chronic high glucose conditions, the Nnatbeta to Nnatalpha ratio gradually increased in proportion to the length of exposure to high glucose levels. Moreover, adenovirally-expressed Nnatbeta was inclined to form aggresome-like structures, and we found that Nnatbeta aggregation inhibited the function of the proteasome. Therefore, when glucose is elevated, the expression of Nnatbeta sensitizes MIN6N8 cells to high glucose stress, which in turn, causes ER stress. As a result, expression of Nnatbeta increased hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis. In addition, the expression of Nnatbeta under high glucose conditions decreased the expression of genes important for beta-cell function, such as glucokinase (GCK), pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and insulin. Collectively, Nnat may play a critical factor in normal beta-cell function, as well as in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul, 122-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Kuk
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Kyu Lee
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Joo Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jihyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Je Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Myeong Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C490239:Nnat protein, mouse; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium