title: [Mini mental state examination. Validation of new Danish version].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is widely used in Denmark, but often in non-validated versions. In 2000 a cross-sectional workgroup decided on a new common version of the MMSE with a corresponding manual, which is validated for the first time in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed from April 2003 until August 2005 in four psycho-geriatric departments. The participants (65+ years) were assessed on three consecutive occasions (week 0, 1 and 26) with the MMSE (nurse), and global scales as well as diagnostically with ICD-10 (psycho-geriatrician).
  
  
  RESULTS
  101 persons were included, 29 were healthy, non-demented; 82 participants were assessed at visit two, 90 at visit three, but only 88 ratings were useable. The best cut-off value for the MMSE was > or = 26. Inter-rater and test-retest (r=0.91) correlations of the MMSE were high as were the correlations to the global scales. However, there were considerable variations in mean score (+/-SD) as well as median score and range in relation to CGI and GDS values. The MMSE score is independent of sex and educational level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MMSE also proved to be a robust scale in the present Danish version. It achieved excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability. A cut-off value of = 26 proved better than 24 which was preferred hitherto. However, the ranges of the MMSE scores are so dispersed within the same global degree of severity that the MMSE should not generally be used to describe the severity of dementia disorders.
authors.affiliation: Psykiatrisk Sygehus, Gerontopsykiatrisk Ambulatorium, Hillerød. alko@fa.dk
authors.forename: Ejnar Alex
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Kørner
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
authors.forename: Flemming Mørkeberg
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: August
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lolk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity