title: Detailed analysis of contrast-enhanced MRI of hands and wrists in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to perform detailed analysis of the involved soft tissues, tendons, joints, and bones in the hands and wrists of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 23 contrast-enhanced MR imaging studies (13 hands and 10 wrists) in 10 patients with the clinical diagnosis of PsA. We obtained clinical information from medical records and evaluated images for the presence of erosions, bone marrow edema, joint synovitis, tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel, and soft tissue involvement. Two board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed all images independently. Differences were resolved during a subsequent joint session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average duration of disease was 71.3 months, ranging from 1 month to 25 years. Eight of the 10 wrists (80%) and 6 of the 13 hands demonstrated bone erosions. Bone marrow abnormalities were shown in 5 of the 10 wrists (50%) and 4 of the 14 hands (31%). Triangular fibrocartilage tears were seen in 6 of the 10 wrists (60%). Wrist and hand joint synovitis were present in all studies (67 wrist joints and 101 hand joints). Wrist soft tissue involvement was detected in 9 of the 10 wrists (90%) and hand soft tissue involvement was present in 12 of the 13 wrists (92%). Findings adjacent to the region of soft tissue involvement included synovitis (4 wrists) and tenosynovitis (3 wrists). Bone marrow edema adjacent to the region of soft tissue involvement was seen in one wrist. Bulge of the flexor retinaculum was seen in 4 of the 10 wrists (40%) and median nerve enhancement was seen in 8 of the 10 wrists (80%). Tenosynovitis was seen in all studies (all 10 of the hands and all 13 of the wrists). The "rheumatoid" type of distribution of bony lesions was common in our study. Interobserver agreement for various findings ranged from 83% to 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced MRI unequivocally demonstrated bone marrow edema, erosions, tendon and soft-tissue disease, and median nerve involvement, with good interobserver reliability in patients with PsA of the hands and wrists. Disease was more extensive in the wrists than in the hands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, USA. jtehranz@uci.edu
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tehranzadeh
authors.forename: Oganes
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ashikyan
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anavim
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA