title: Intelligent information: a national system for monitoring clinical performance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use statistical process control charts to monitor in-hospital outcomes at the hospital level for a wide range of procedures and diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine English hospital admissions data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis using risk-adjusted log-likelihood cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts, comparing each hospital with the national average and its peers for in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and emergency readmission within 28 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Department of Health administrative hospital admissions database, with monthly uploads from the clearing service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tool is currently being used by nearly 100 hospitals and also a number of primary care trusts responsible for purchasing hospital care. It monitors around 80 percent of admissions and in-hospital deaths. Case-mix adjustment gives values for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between 0.60 and 0.86 for mortality, but the values were poorer for readmission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CUSUMs are a promising management tool for managers and clinicians for driving improvement in hospital performance for a range of outcomes, and interactive presentation via a web-based front end has been well received by users. Our methods act as a focus for intelligently directed clinical audit with the real potential to improve outcomes, but wider availability and prospective monitoring are required to fully assess the method's utility.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Foster Unit at Imperial College, Department of Primary Care and Social Medicine, Imperial College London, First floor, Jarvis House, 12 Smithfield Street, London EC1A 9LA, U.K.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottle
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aylin
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006751:Hospital Information Systems; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008485:Medical Audit; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D016730:Program Development; D040442:Public Health Informatics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013222:State Medicine / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology