title: An immunohistochemical study of the role of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in chronic mitral valvular disease (valvular endocardiosis) in dogs.
abstract: While the pathogenesis of chronic valvular disease (CVD) in dogs remains unclear, alterations in the activity of specific metalloproteinase enzymes and their inhibitors within the valve stroma are suspected of having a role. This study describes the immunohistochemical distribution pattern of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) types 2, 9 and 14 and their tissue inhibitors, termed tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP), types 2 and 3, in normal canine mitral valves (MVs) (n=10) and in dogs with mild (n=7), moderate (n=14) and severe (n=9) CVD. In normal MVs, MMP-2 and -14, and TIMP-2 were expressed in isolated stromal cells. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 exhibited moderate intracellular and mild extracellular expression. With increasing severity of CVD, the expression of MMP-2 decreased. The number of stromal cells expressing MMP-14 increased, predominantly in the margins of the nodular lesions. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and -3 expression increased both intra- and extracellularly. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was not detected in normal or diseased valves. In conclusion, CVD was characterised by alterations in the distribution and intensity of valvular MMP and TIMP expression, suggesting that depressed catabolism and the accumulation of extracellular matrix components within affected valves contributes to their structural alteration and consequent loss of function.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. aupperle@rz.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aupperle
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thielebein
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: März
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dinges
authors.forename: H-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Schoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008943:Mitral Valve; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases