title: Neck movement and muscle activity characteristics in female office workers with neck pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore aspects of cervical musculoskeletal function in female office workers with neck pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Evidence of physical characteristics that differentiate computer workers with and without neck pain is sparse. Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate reduced motion and altered patterns of muscle control in the cervical flexor and upper trapezius (UT) muscles during specific tasks. Understanding cervical musculoskeletal function in office workers will better direct intervention and prevention strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included neck range of motion; superficial neck flexor muscle activity during a clinical test, the craniocervical flexion test; and a motor task, a unilateral muscle coordination task, to assess the activity of both the anterior and posterior neck muscles. Office workers with and without neck pain were formed into 3 groups based on their scores on the Neck Disability Index. Nonworking women without neck pain formed the control group. Surface electromyographic activity was recorded bilaterally from the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene (AS), cervical extensor (CE) and UT muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Workers with neck pain had reduced rotation range and increased activity of the superficial cervical flexors during the craniocervical flexion test. During the coordination task, workers with pain demonstrated greater activity in the CE muscles bilaterally. On completion of the task, the UT and dominant CE and AS muscles demonstrated an inability to relax in workers with pain. In general, there was a linear relationship between the workers' self-reported levels of pain and disability and the movement and muscle changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with those found in other cervical musculoskeletal disorders and may represent an altered muscle recruitment strategy to stabilize the head and neck. An exercise program including motor reeducation may assist in the management of neck pain in office workers.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia. v.johnston@shrs.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jull
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Souvlis
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Jimmieson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology