title: Morphometric analysis of skin microvasculature in the diabetic foot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to evaluate the histopathological features of skin microvasculature in patients with a diabetic foot, specifically the number of blood vessels, number of endothelial cells and endothelial thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 41 diabetic foot patients admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for surgical management of foot problems. Skin biopsies were taken for histological evaluation following surgical procedures, such as wound debridement or local foot amputation. The skin microvasculature features examined were the number of blood vessels, the endothelial thickness of the vessels and the cross-sectional endothelial cell count. The findings were compared with the similar parameters of non-diabetic patients (control) and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean blood vessel count (BVC), endothelial cell thickness (ECT) and endothelial cell count (ECC) for the diabetic group were 12.56 +/- 2.77, 4.81 +/- 1.5 micrometres and 7.07 +/- 1.88, respectively. The mean BVC, ECT and ECC for the non-diabetic control group were 5.25 +/- 1.98, 1.9 +/- 0.55 micrometres and 4.11 +/- 1.17, respectively. The mean BVC, ECT and ECC for the diabetic group were significantly higher than those for the non-diabetic control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased number of blood vessels to the skin and their endothelial cell number and thickness may be the contributing factors for problems related to the diabetic foot, such as tendency for skin ulceration, infection and poor wound-healing in these patients. These may also contribute to secondary changes of diabetic foot lesions, indicating failure of adequate vascularisation of the foot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab 2, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia. drimran@kb.usm.my
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Al-Astani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jaafar
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rashid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology