title: Radical prostatectomy for incidental (stage T1a-T1b) prostate cancer: analysis of predictors for residual disease and biochemical recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversies exist about the most appropriate management for patients with incidental prostate cancer after surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the accuracy of preoperative clinical variables in predicting the presence of residual disease and biochemical recurrence in patients with incidental prostate cancer treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 126 T1a-T1b prostate cancers diagnosed at surgery for BPH between 1995 and 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy within 6 mo of surgery for BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models addressed the association between the predictors (age, prostate-specific antigen [PSA] before and after surgery for BPH, T1a-T1b stage, prostate volume, and Gleason score at surgery for BPH) and the presence of residual cancer at radical retropubic prostatectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses tested the relationship between the same predictors and the rate of biochemical recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seventy-five (59.5%) patients were stage T1a and 51 (40.5%) were stage T1b. At radical retropubic prostatectomy, 21 (16.7%) patients were pT0 and seven (5.6%) patients had extraprostatic disease (pT3). PSA before and after surgery for BPH and Gleason score at surgery for BPH were the only independent predictors of residual cancer at radical retropubic prostatectomy (all p<0.04). Stage (T1a vs T1b) did not predict residual cancer or the rate of biochemical recurrence. With a mean follow-up of 57 mo, the 5- and 10-yr biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 92% and 87%, respectively. PSA after surgery for BPH and Gleason score at surgery for BPH were the only significant multivariate predictors of biochemical recurrence (all p<0.04). The main limitation of this study is the requirement of an external validation before implementation of the clinical recommendations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSA measured before and after surgery for BPH and Gleason score at surgery for BPH were the only significant predictors of the presence of residual cancer at radical retropubic prostatectomy. PSA measured after surgery for BPH and Gleason score at surgery for BPH were the only independent predictors of biochemical recurrence after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Scientific Institute Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. capitanio.umberto@hsr.it
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Capitanio
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scattoni
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freschi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briganti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salonia
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rigatti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen