title: Upregulation of PD-L1 on monocytes and dendritic cells by HIV-1 derived TLR ligands.
abstract: Increased PD-L1 expression has been reported in HIV-1-infected individuals, but the mechanisms leading to PD-L1 upregulation remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1-derived Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 ligands can induce MyD88-dependent upregulation of PD-L1 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloidic dendritic cells and monocytes. These data suggest a mechanism through which HIV-1-derived TLR ligands might contribute to the functional impairment of virus-specific PD-1-positive T cells by inducing the upregulation of PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells.
authors.affiliation: Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Harlyn K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sidhu
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Todd J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Suscovich
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Streeck
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brockman
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LeGall
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hellman
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altfeld
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors