title: Phosphoinositide signalling links O-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance.
abstract: Glucose flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway leads to the post-translational modification of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins by O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). This tandem system serves as a nutrient sensor to couple systemic metabolic status to cellular regulation of signal transduction, transcription, and protein degradation. Here we show that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) harbours a previously unrecognized type of phosphoinositide-binding domain. After induction with insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate recruits OGT from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, where the enzyme catalyses dynamic modification of the insulin signalling pathway by O-GlcNAc. This results in the alteration in phosphorylation of key signalling molecules and the attenuation of insulin signal transduction. Hepatic overexpression of OGT impairs the expression of insulin-responsive genes and causes insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. These findings identify a molecular mechanism by which nutritional cues regulate insulin signalling through O-GlcNAc, and underscore the contribution of this modification to the aetiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pat P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ongusaha
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Joyce C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Havstad
authors.forename: Fengxue
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W Venus
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kudlow
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Michell
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; D000117:Acetylglucosamine