title: Nephron-sparing probe ablative therapy: long-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation are the two most utilized forms of ablative therapy, and the most mature. Recent follow-up studies have been published that further highlight their possible roles as relevant treatment options for select patients with renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three- and five-year outcomes following cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation have recently been published, respectively, each showing 93-98% cancer-specific survival in small cohorts. Several other single-institution series have been published showing favorable outcomes based on imaging findings alone, albeit with much shorter follow-up times. These findings are mitigated by the probability that some of the treated small tumors may have been benign and those that were malignant may have been indolent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The longest-term outcomes of probe-ablative therapy with cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation suggest satisfactory outcomes by imaging when careful patient selection and rigorous attention to technical details are utilized. Imaging findings alone usually provide the only surrogate measure of success. Given the limitations of current imaging techniques and the indolent growth rate of many of these tumors, however, continued stringent selection criteria and rigorous follow-up of all patients undergoing ablative therapy is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. surmatin@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Surena F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Matin
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahrar
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local