title: Associations between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha polymorphisms and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: Heightened expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha) was associated with pregnancy complications, including idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (RM). Whereas TNF-alpha and LT-alpha gene polymorphisms affect serum cytokine concentrations, their contribution to RM is controversial. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) TNF-alpha (-238G/A, -308G/A) and LT-alpha (+252A/G) were investigated in 350 RM women and 200 control women. Higher frequency of the TNF-alpha -238A, but not the TNF-alpha -308A or the LT-alpha+252G, allele was seen in patients, with comparable frequencies of TNF-alpha -238G/A, TNF-alpha -308G/A, and LT-alpha+252A/G genotypes seen between both groups, except for TNF-alpha -238G/G, which was lower in patients. Regression analysis confirmed the association of the TNF-alpha -238G/A SNP with idiopathic RM, and both TNF-alpha -308A/TNF -238G/LT-alpha+252G and TNF-alpha -308G/TNF-alpha -238A/LT-alpha+252G haplotypes played a susceptible role in idiopathic RM. TNF-alpha -238G/A and -238A/A, and LT-alpha+252G/G genotypes were positively associated only with exclusively early RM. This supports the concept of the association of TNF-alpha (-238G/A) and LT-alpha (+252A/G) polymorphic variants in idiopathic RM.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Haematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia CHU Frahat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zammiti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mtiraoui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khairi
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gris
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Almawi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mahjoub
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016015:Logistic Models; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha