title: Prophylactic effect of irsogladine maleate against indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions in rats.
abstract: The effect of irsogladine maleate, a widely used antiulcer drug in Japan, on indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions was examined in rats. Animals without fasting were given indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and sacrificed 24 h later. Irsogladine (1-10 mg/kg) or 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2 0.03 mg/kg) was given p.o. twice, 0.5 before and 6 h after indomethacin, while ampicillin (800 mg/kg) was given twice, 18 and 0.5 h before. Indomethacin caused severe lesions in the small intestine, mainly the jejunum and ileum, accompanied by intestinal hypermotility, the up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and an increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as enterobacterial invasion in the mucosa. These events were all prevented by both dmPGE2 and ampicillin, except the intestinal hypermotility which was only prevented by dmPGE2. Likewise, irsogladine also significantly and dose-dependently prevented these lesions at > 1 mg/kg. This agent alone increased mucus secretion and significantly suppressed the decreased mucus response to indomethacin, resulting in a suppression of the bacterial invasion as well as the increase in MPO activity and iNOS expression. The protective effect of irsogladine was mimicked by isobutylmethylxanthine, a nonselective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE), as well as rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor. These results suggest that irsogladine protects the small intestine against indomethacin-induced lesions, and this effect may be associated with the increased mucus secretion, probably due to the inhibitory actions of PDE, resulting in suppression of enterobacterial invasion and iNOS expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatazawa
authors.forename: Kikuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amagase
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D007077:Ileal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D014227:Triazines; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; C041836:irsogladine; D007213:Indomethacin