title: Long-term effects of asthma medications in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review describes recent studies in children that evaluated long-term outcomes of controller asthma medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature is replete with studies demonstrating the immediate profound effects of inhaled corticosteroids on symptom control, reduction in morbidity and mortality rates, improvement in lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory markers. Recent evidence supports that even this most effective class of medication does not alter the progression of recurrent wheeze to asthma, and that its effects on decline in lung function are limited. The lack of evidence supporting the superiority of lower dose inhaled corticosteroids combined with a long-acting beta-agonist over a full dose inhaled corticosteroid with respect to long-term efficacy measures and growth effects suggests that monotherapy with acceptable inhaled corticosteroid dose is the preferred treatment in children with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Montelukast has been shown to significantly reduce asthma exacerbations and lower use of supplemental inhaled corticosteroids compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is mounting evidence that the currently available medications for childhood asthma have a substantial impact on multiple dimensions of asthma control. No drug in our current armamentarium, however, has been found to alter the natural progression of childhood asthma nor halt progressive airway damage in the more susceptible children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Grace P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Tamesis
authors.forename: Ronina A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Covar
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists