title: Two models of experimental myopia in the mouse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the response of the mouse eye to two methods for the induction of experimental myopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth patterns of eyes were determined by axial length measurements from birth to adult in eyes of both sexes of normal mice examined on post-natal day 1 to 6 months and at 1 year. For the induction of experimental myopia, Balb/cJ mice were prepared with either unilateral lid suture or by a -10D spectacle lens placed over one eye at post-natal day 10. Other mice received a plano lens as a control for lens wear. Refraction was carried out at post-natal days of 28, 42 and 56 in lid suture and spectacle lens wear group by streak retinoscopy. Axial length was measured by a combination of video image photography, digital caliper, or Optical Low Coherence Interferometry (OLCI). Corroborative optical modeling of the mouse eye was carried out using ZEMAX ray tracing software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axial length (AL) increased linearly between post-natal day 1 to day 56, plateauing at about 140 days. After 18 days of unilateral lid suture initiated 10 days after birth, the AL of experimental eyes was 3.032+/-0.003 mm, while AL in contra-lateral control eyes was 2.981+/-0.005 mm (mean+/-sem, p<0.05, n=40), after 32 days, the AL of experimental eyes was 3.290+/-0.004 mm, and the AL of control eyes was 3.104+/-0.002 mm (p<0.001, n=60). After 46 days of lid closure AL of experimental eyes was 3.592+/-0.003 mm, while AL of control eyes was 3.363+/-0.003 mm (p<0.001, n=80). Spectacle lens wear of 46 days duration increased AL in experimental eyes to 3.721+/-0.002 mm, while AL in control eyes was 3.354+/-0.003 mm (p<0.001, n=100). Refraction and ray tracing analysis substantiated the dimensional changes to be consistent with increased AL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two procedures to induce experimental myopia, initiated at eye opening, produced significant myopic shifts corresponding to increases in axial lengths after 32 and 46 days of lid suture and after 46 days wearing a -10D spectacle lens.
authors.affiliation: Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barathi
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Boopathi
authors.forename: Eric P H
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Beuerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000254:growth & development; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005123:Eye / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005139:Eyeglasses; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009216:Myopia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009929:Organ Size; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012683:Sensory Deprivation