title: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism (-786T->C) and increased risk of angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a leading cause of death and disability after aneurysm rupture. Decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO) may be crucial in its pathogenesis. We hypothesized that endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms may determine susceptibility to vasospasm in SAH patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study of SAH patients and determined vasospasm by cerebral angiography. We genotyped 3 eNOS polymorphisms: an intron 4 variable-number tandem-repeat, a promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism (-786T-->C SNP), and a coding SNP in exon 7 (894G-->T encoding E298D). Using multivariable logistic regression, we quantified the association of eNOS polymorphisms in patients with vasospasm confirmed by cerebral angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the eNOS promoter -786T-->C SNP, the presence of the CC genotype compared with any T genotype (CT or TT) was associated with increased odds of vasospasm (odds ratio=2.97, 95% CI=1.32 to 6.67, P=0.008). No association with vasospasm was observed for the eNOS 894G-->T or variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that genetic variation influencing NO regulation contributes to the risk of angiographic vasospasm in patients with SAH. The specific role of the promoter SNP (-786T-->C) may determine the effect of NO regulated by this pathway, distinct from other known eNOS polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA. kon@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Nerissa U
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Pam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutkowski
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pawlikowska
authors.forename: Pui-Yan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Randall T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Wade S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zaroff
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III