title: Hepatic energy metabolism and the differential protective effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in a rat hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in a warm liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model on cytokines, hepatic tissue blood flow (HTBF), energy content, and liver structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups: Control group, no volatile anesthetics; sevoflurane group, 2% sevoflurane; isoflurane group, 1.5% isoflurane. Thirty minutes after the start of volatile anesthetics, rats were subjected to 45 min hepatic ischemia and 2 and 4 h of reperfusion. Rats were killed at the end of ischemia, 2 and 4 h of reperfusion. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, HTBF, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, energy charge, and histologic examination were used to evaluate the extent of liver injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were similar in control and isoflurane groups while there was a significant decrease in the sevoflurane group in the postischemic period (P < 0.01). HTBF was remarkably better in the sevoflurane group than in the isoflurane group and worse in the control group. Tissue malondialdehyde levels were significantly low in the sevoflurane group compared with the isoflurane group at 2 h of reperfusion (P < 0.05) and reached its maximum value in the postischemic period in the control group. After ischemia, 2 and 4 h of reperfusion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta values were lowest in the sevoflurane group and highest in the control group but it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the sevoflurane group, hepatic adenosine triphosphate and energy charge were significantly high at all measurement times. At the postischemic period, energy charge was lower compared with the sevoflurane and isoflurane groups. The degree of hepatocyte injury was small in the sevoflurane group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane given before, during, and after hepatic ischemia protected the liver against IR injury, whereas the effects of isoflurane on hepatic IR injury were not notable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. nurbedirli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ofluoglu
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerem
authors.forename: Gulten
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Utebey
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alper
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yilmazer
authors.forename: Abdulkadir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozlu
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pasaoglu
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C052994:interleukin-1beta (163-171); D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D007530:Isoflurane; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase