title: Gillies elevation and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of simple zygoma fractures: long-term quantitative outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of zygoma fracture repair is to restore preinjury function and appearance. The optimal surgical technique represents a balance between accurate fracture reduction and soft-tissue morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients were eligible for review after treatment for isolated simple zygoma fractures using a combination of Gillies elevation and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation between 1992 and 2003. Fourteen patients were available for examination at a mean follow-up of 8.7 years. Quantifiable parameters, including orbitozygomatic complex position, ocular globe projection, and infraorbital nerve function, were measured. All patients underwent qualitative assessment by independent, blinded observers. Negative soft-tissue sequelae were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean differences between injured and uninjured sides of the face for malar eminence projection, height, and lateral position were 2.5, 2.7, and 2.3 mm, respectively. The mean difference in ocular globe projection was 1.23 mm. When these results were compared with those previously published for open reduction and internal fixation, no statistically significant difference was noted. The qualitative observers were able to identify the affected side 12 percent of the time. Other than a small punctate scar noted in one patient at the Kirschner wire insertion site, no other negative cutaneous or eyelid sequelae were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study objectively shows that Gillies elevation combined with percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation provides facial contour restoration that is not significantly different from that of open reduction and internal fixation, with less soft-tissue morbidity. The technique is safe, easy to learn, and easy to perform, and should be considered in cases of isolated simple zygoma fractures.
authors.affiliation: Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, and Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Saint John Regional Hospital.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bezuhly
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Moraya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alqahtani
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sparkes
authors.forename: Donald H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lalonde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001864:Bone Wires; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000601:surgery*