title: The effect of adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline therapy on GCF EMMPRIN levels in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was to examine the effectiveness of a 3-month regimen of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in combination with scaling and root planing compared to scaling and root planing alone on levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in patients with chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCF samples were collected, and clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level, gingival index (GI), and plaque index, were recorded. Thirty chronic periodontitis subjects were randomized to receive SDD or placebo. The SDD group received SDD (20 mg, twice a day) for 3 months plus scaling and root planing, whereas the placebo group took placebo capsules twice a day for 3 months and received scaling and root planing. The subjects were reevaluated at 3 and 6 months. At each visit, all clinical parameters were measured and GCF was sampled. GCF EMMPRIN levels were determined by Western immunoblotting assay. Intragroup comparisons were tested by the Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to analyze the significance of changes over time. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine differences between the SDD and placebo groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were observed in all clinical parameters in the SDD group over the 6-month study period (P <0.025). The SDD group showed a significantly greater reduction in mean PD scores at 6 months and in mean GI scores at 3 and 6 months than the placebo group (P <0.05). From baseline to 6 months, the GCF EMMPRIN levels were reduced significantly in the SDD group (P <0.025). The GCF EMMPRIN level in the SDD group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group at 3 and 6 months (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDD therapy in combination with scaling and root planing reduced GCF EMMPRIN levels and improved clinical periodontal parameters in subjects with chronic periodontitis. The ability of SDD to downregulate, in vivo, the GCF levels of EMMPRIN, a unique upregulator of matrix metalloproteinase expression, is one of its beneficial host-modulatory properties. These results expand the usefulness of SDD therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the long-term management of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. gemingil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051926:Basigin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D051926:Basigin; D004318:Doxycycline