title: A hemicyanine-conjugated copolymer as a highly sensitive fluorescent thermometer.
abstract: A simple-structured copolymer, poly(NIPAM-co-HC), consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)pyridine (hemicyanine, HC) units as thermoresponsive and fluorescent signaling parts, respectively, has been synthesized. This copolymer dissolved in water shows very weak fluorescence at <25 degrees C, while showing fluorescence enhancement at >25 degrees C. The fluorescence intensity increases with a rise in temperature and saturates at >40 degrees C, enabling temperature detection at 25-40 degrees C. The fluorescence enhancement is driven by a heat-induced phase transition of the polymer from coil to globule state. The HC units within the coil state polymer exist as the nonfluorescent benzenoid form; however, the less polar domain formed inside the globule state polymer leads to transformation of the HC unit to the fluorescent quinoid form, resulting in heat-induced fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescence intensity measured at 40 degrees C is >20-fold higher than the intensity at <25 degrees C, which is the highest enhancement value among the fluorescent thermometers proposed so far. The polymer shows reversible fluorescence enhancement/quenching, regardless of the heating/cooling process. In addition, the polymer shows high reusability with a simple recovery process.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, and Division of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan. shiraish@cheng.es.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai