title: Test-retest reliability of a functional MRI anticipatory anxiety paradigm in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the reproducibility of neural activations induced by an anticipatory anxiety provocation challenge in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy male volunteers participated in two separate functional MRI (fMRI) sessions in which they underwent a paradigm based on anticipation of aversive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations. This paradigm consisted of alternating presentation of red circles associated with the likelihood that aversive stimuli may be given and blue circles during which the subjects knew that no shock could be given. Anxiety state was compared before the fMRI sessions and during the threat periods using clinical scales (Hamilton, STAI-Y1), the Bond and Lader Visual Analogue Scale, and self-rating scales of apprehension and stimulus aversivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The selected paradigm induced anticipatory anxiety of moderate intensity as suggested by clinical scales and apprehension rating, without any habituation to the somatosensory stimulus across sessions. Compared to rest periods, threat of the aversive stimulus induced clear brain activation in anticipatory anxiety-related areas: frontal/prefrontal cortex, insula, lentiform nucleus, temporal pole, and cingulate cortex. Anxiety symptoms and cerebral activity were reproducible across sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fMRI paradigm and its assessment method include all criteria to speed up the evaluation and the development of new anxiolytics.
authors.affiliation: FORENAP-FRP, Rouffach, France. Therese.Schunck@forenap.com
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schunck
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: Izzie Jacques
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Namer
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthringer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*