title: High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in patients with renal diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA-binding protein, has recently been recognized as a new proinflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of HMGB1 in patients with renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  HMGB1 concentrations in sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and antibodies against HMGB1 were examined by Western blotting in patients who underwent renal biopsies and in healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry for HMGB1 was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum HMGB1 was more likely to be positive in patients who underwent renal biopsies as compared with the controls. Patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) and those with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis showed a significantly higher tendency to be HMGB1 positive. The presence of anti-HMGB1 antibody was not associated with the presence of serum HMGB1. Immunohistochemistry revealed that HMGB1 was expressed in mononuclear cells in the interstitium or in the glomeruli of some patients with ANCA-GN or IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Subanalysis demonstrated that among patients with IgAN, those who had crescent formation showed a higher tendency to be HMGB1 positive than those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HMGB1 was expressed in the sera of patients with renal diseases who underwent renal biopsies, especially among those who had vasculitis including ANCA-GN, Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis, and IgAN with glomerular crescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
authors.forename: Ikuro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein