title: Characterization and quantification of cerebral edema induced by synchrotron x-ray microbeam radiation therapy.
abstract: Cerebral edema is one of the main acute complications arising after irradiation of brain tumors. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), an innovative experimental radiotherapy technique using spatially fractionated synchrotron x-rays, has been shown to spare radiosensitive tissues such as mammal brains. The aim of this study was to determine if cerebral edema occurs after MRT using diffusion-weighted MRI and microgravimetry. Prone Swiss nude mice's heads were positioned horizontally in the synchrotron x-ray beam and the upper part of the left hemisphere was irradiated in the antero-posterior direction by an array of 18 planar microbeams (25 mm wide, on-center spacing 211 mm, height 4 mm, entrance dose 312 Gy or 1000 Gy). An apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured at 7 T 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after irradiation. Eventually, the cerebral water content (CWC) was determined by microgravimetry. The ADC and CWC in the irradiated (312 Gy or 1000 Gy) and in the contralateral non-irradiated hemispheres were not significantly different at all measurement times, with two exceptions: (1) a 9% ADC decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in the irradiated cortex 1 day after exposure to 312 Gy, (2) a 0.7% increase (p < 0.05) in the CWC was measured in the irradiated hemispheres 1 day after exposure to 1000 Gy. The results demonstrate the presence of a minor and transient cellular edema (ADC decrease) at 1 day after a 312 Gy exposure, without a significant CWC increase. One day after a 1000 Gy exposure, the CWC increased, while the ADC remained unchanged and may reflect the simultaneous presence of cellular and vasogenic edema. Both types of edema disappear within a week after microbeam exposure which may confirm the normal tissue sparing effect of MRT.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U836, F-38043 Grenoble, France. serduc@esrf.fr
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serduc
authors.forename: Yohan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van de Looij
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francony
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Verdonck
authors.forename: Boudewijn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Sanden
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laissue
authors.forename: Régine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farion
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bräuer-Krisch
authors.forename: Erik Albert
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Siegbahn
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bravin
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Prezado
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segebarth
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rémy
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lahrech
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006112:Gravitation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017356:Synchrotrons; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water