title: A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha-synuclein to ApoE and Abeta peptides.
abstract: Pathogenic aggregates of alpha-synuclein are thought to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. Inclusion bodies containing alpha-synuclein are present in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, alpha-synuclein mutations are found in cases of familial Parkinson's disease, and transgenic overexpression of alpha-synuclein causes neurodegeneration in mice. The molecular mechanisms involved, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we show that, in transgenic mice, alpha-synuclein induced neurodegeneration involves activation of the ubiquitin/proteasome system, a massive increase in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels and accumulation of insoluble mouse Abeta. ApoE was not protective, but was injurious, as deletion of ApoE delayed the neurodegeneration caused by alpha-synuclein and suppressed the accumulation of Abeta. Our data reveal a molecular link between central pathogenic mechanisms implicated in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and suggest that intracellular alpha-synuclein is pathogenic, at least in part, by activation of extracellular signaling pathways involving ApoE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA. Gallardo@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Oliver M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Südhof
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D010455:Peptides; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex