title: Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV scale - parent form.
abstract: This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of parent ratings on the Chinese version of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV scale (SNAP-IV) in a school-based sample of 3534 students in grades 1 to 8 from two cities and two suburbs in Taiwan and 189 children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (aged 6 to 15) consecutively recruited from a medical center in Taipei. Parents completed the Chinese versions of the SNAP-IV, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and Child Behavior Checklist. The Chinese SNAP-IV demonstrated similar three factor structure (Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, and Oppositional) as its English version, and satisfactory test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.59 approximately 0.72), internal consistency (alpha = 0.88 approximately 0.90), concurrent validity (Pearson correlations = 0.56 approximately 0.72), and discriminant validity. Boys scored higher than girls across the eight school grade levels. The SNAP-IV clearly distinguished children with ADHD from school-based participants. Comorbidity with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder predicted higher SNAP-IV scores among children with ADHD. Our findings suggest that the Chinese SNAP-IV is a reliable and valid instrument for rating ADHD-related symptoms in both clinical and community settings in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Susan Shur-Fen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.forename: Chi-Yung
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Shih-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chien-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chang-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires