title: Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) in patients with severe chronic hand eczema refractory to topical corticosteroids: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) refractory to topical corticosteroids currently have limited treatment options suited for chronic use, and few controlled clinical studies have investigated new therapies in this setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) taken at 10 mg or 30 mg once daily for up to 24 weeks, compared with placebo control, in the treatment of severe CHE refractory to topical corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, multicentre trial was conducted in 111 dermatology outpatient clinics in Europe and Canada. A total of 1032 patients with severe refractory CHE were randomized in a 1 : 2 : 2 ratio to placebo, or 10 mg or 30 mg of oral alitretinoin once daily for up to 24 weeks. Safety was assessed for all patients during a follow-up period of 4 weeks, and responders were observed for relapse for 24 weeks after the end of therapy. The primary efficacy parameter was Physician Global Assessment of overall CHE severity, with response defined as clear or almost clear hands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses, defined as clear or almost clear hands, were achieved in up to 48% of patients treated with alitretinoin, compared with 17% for placebo (P < 0.001), with up to 75% median reduction in disease signs and symptoms. Treatment was well tolerated, with dose-dependent adverse effects comprising headache, mucocutaneous events, hyperlipidaemia, and decreased free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone. The median time to relapse, defined as recurrence of 75% of initial signs and symptoms, was 5.5-6.2 months in the absence of anti-eczema medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alitretinoin given at well-tolerated doses induced clearing of CHE in a substantial proportion of patients with severe disease refractory to standard therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, Munich, Germany. thomas.ruzicka@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lynde
authors.forename: G B E
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jemec
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Diepgen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berth-Jones
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coenraads
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaszuba
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varjonen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holló
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambazard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahfa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004485:Eczema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D000077556:Alitretinoin; C105492:9,13-retinoic acid; D014212:Tretinoin