title: Ileal enterocystoplasty and B12 deficiency in pediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vitamin B12 deficiency is a feared complication of enterocystoplasty but it has never been demonstrated in pediatric patients who have undergone ileal enterocystoplasty. We reviewed our series of more than 500 bladder augmentations in an attempt to define the timing and risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in pediatric patients after bladder augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2004 to present we obtained serum B12 values in patients who had undergone bladder augmentation at our institution. We looked at patients who had undergone ileal enterocystoplasty and who were 18 years or younger at the time of augmentation. Any B12 value that was obtained while on any form of B12 supplementation was excluded. These criteria resulted in 79 patients with 105 B12 values. B12 values of 200 pg/ml or less were considered "low," and values between 201 and 300 pg/ml were considered "low-normal."
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant correlation between followup time and serum B12 (p = 0.0001). The probability of low B12 increased as followup time increased (p = 0.007), as did the probability of low-normal B12 (p = 0.005). Starting at 7 years postoperatively 6 of 29 patients (21%) had low B12 values, while 12 of 29 (41%) had low-normal values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric patients who have undergone ileal enterocystoplasty are at risk for development of vitamin B12 deficiency. These patients are at the highest risk beginning at 7 years postoperatively, and the risk increases with time. We recommend an annual serum B12 value in children beginning at 5 years following bladder augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. rosenbad@iupui.edu
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaefer
authors.forename: Kirstan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Shelly J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misseri
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012307:Risk Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*