title: Therapeutic effects of endothelin-A receptor antagonist on bladder overactivity in rats with chronic spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of suppression of endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptors on bladder function and ET-1 levels in the bladder in rats with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We transected the spinal cord of female Sprague-Dawley rats at the level of Th 8-9. Awake cystometrograms were performed 4 weeks after spinal cord transection. We evaluated cystometric parameters such as mean amplitudes of nonvoiding contractions (NVCs), the number of NVCs, voided volume, voiding efficiency, and micturition pressure before and after intravenous (i.v.) injection of ABT-627, an ET(A) antagonist, or A-19261, an ET(B) antagonist, in SCI animals. Four weeks after spinalization, we also measured the protein and mRNA levels of ET-1 in the bladder using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABT-627 (1 mg/kg, i.v.) but not A-192621 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly decreased the amplitude of NVCs and the number of NVCs in SCI rats. There were no significant changes in pressure threshold, maximum voiding pressure, voided volume, or voiding efficiency. ELISA analysis for ET-1 showed significantly elevated protein concentrations in SCI rats compared with spinal cord intact rats. Significant upregulation of the ET-1 mRNA was also noted in SCI bladders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that upregulation of ET-1 is involved in the mechanism inducing bladder overactivity in chronic SCI rats, and that an ET(A) receptor antagonist can suppress SCI-induced bladder overactivity as indicated by a reduction in NVCs. Thus, ET(A) receptor inhibition could be an effective treatment for neurogenic bladder overactivity in pathological conditions such as SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kurumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasatomi
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hiragata
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chermansky
authors.forename: Beth R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pflug
authors.forename: Joel B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chancellor
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077868:Atrasentan; D002908:Chronic Disease; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D005260:Female; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D000077868:Atrasentan