title: Two-dimensional movement control using electrocorticographic signals in humans.
abstract: We show here that a brain-computer interface (BCI) using electrocorticographic activity (ECoG) and imagined or overt motor tasks enables humans to control a computer cursor in two dimensions. Over a brief training period of 12-36 min, each of five human subjects acquired substantial control of particular ECoG features recorded from several locations over the same hemisphere, and achieved average success rates of 53-73% in a two-dimensional four-target center-out task in which chance accuracy was 25%. Our results support the expectation that ECoG-based BCIs can combine high performance with technical and clinical practicality, and also indicate promising directions for further research.
authors.affiliation: BCI R&D Progr, Wadsworth Ctr, NYS Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA. schalk@wadsworth.org
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schalk
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ojemann
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolpaw
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Leuthardt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface