title: Noise reduction by multiple referencing in surface plasmon resonance imaging.
abstract: The analytical performance of surface plasmon resonance imaging with charge coupled device detection can be improved significantly by splitting a macroscopic sensing surface into multiple microscopic neighboring sensing and referencing subareas. It is shown that such a multiple referencing reduces intensity fluctuations across the total sensing area and, therefore, improves the signal/noise (S/N) ratio proportional to the splitting factor. The approach is demonstrated by detection of biotin binding to a monolayer of streptavidin. An effective variation of the reflected intensity of about 10(-4), which corresponds to the refraction index variation of 3x10(-6), was detected with a S/N ratio about 10 without any temperature stabilization of the sensing area.
authors.affiliation: ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences at the University of Dortmund, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boecker
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zybin
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niemax
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: Vladimir M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mirsky
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods