title: Sonography of uterine abnormalities in postpartum and postabortion patients: a potential pitfall of interpretation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interpretation of postpartum and postabortion uterine abnormalities on sonography can be challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify misleading imaging features that lead to inclusion of a uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the differential diagnosis of a uterine abnormality because consideration of this diagnosis can potentially alter patient treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sonographic examinations of 29 pathologically proven cases of uterine abnormalities in postpartum and postabortion patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists independently evaluated several features: the presence of a uterine mass, myometrial involvement, and the presence of an associated vascular abnormality. Percent agreement and the relationship between imaging features and inclusion of a uterine AVM in the differential diagnosis were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interobserver agreement was as follows: the presence of a uterine mass, 90%; myometrial involvement, 83%; the presence of an associated vascular abnormality, 72%; and inclusion of a uterine AVM in the differential diagnosis, 86%. Myometrial involvement showed a statistically significant relationship to inclusion of a uterine AVM in the differential diagnosis (P < .05). Final pathologic diagnoses included retained products of conception (RPOC) (n = 26), an endometrial polyp (n = 1), chronic endometritis (n = 1), and an exogenous progestational effect (n = 1). No uterine AVMs were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite high interobserver agreement in characterizing uterine abnormalities on sonography, readers still include uterine AVMs in the differential diagnosis of uterine masses that are ultimately proven to be RPOC. A myometrial location of a uterine mass is a particularly misleading imaging feature of RPOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rufener
authors.forename: Saroja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adusumilli
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Weadock
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caoili
mesh_terms: D000027:Abortion, Incomplete / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000359:Aftercare; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D049590:Postpartum Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*