title: The state of health hardware in Aboriginal communities in rural and remote Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many of the health problems faced by rural and remote Aboriginal people have been attributed to a poor living environment. In the mid 1980s we began a process of defining problems with the immediate living environment that would affect health. These related particularly to safety, washing and hygiene practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1999 and November 2006 we undertook a standardised and detailed assessment of housing in Aboriginal communities. This involved an initial assessment of 250 items in each house and living area, focusing on performance and their impact on these healthy living practices. At the first survey-fix we implemented a limited cost repair of non-functioning health hardware and then six months later returned to the communities for a repeat assessment to examine improvement in performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 1999 and November 2006 we assessed 4,343 houses in 132 communities in four States and the Northern Territory during survey-fix 1 (SF1) and have repeated that survey-fix assessment (SF2) in 3,448 houses in 112 of those communities. This survey demonstrates extraordinarily poor performance of Aboriginal houses. In the survey period, 71,869 items referred for repair by survey teams were inspected by licensed electricians or plumbers and 49,499 of these have so far been fixed. Only 10% of these house items requiring repair were due to vandalism or misuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in the living environment for Aboriginal people will require a sustained commitment to the planning, funding and implementation of maintenance programs in addition to adherence to the design, construction and supervision detail outlined in the National Indigenous Housing Guide.
authors.affiliation: Healthabitat, Sydney. pault@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Torzillo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pholeros
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rainow
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sowerbutts
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irvine
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003153:Community Health Services; D004782:Environmental Health; D005843:Geography; D006293:Health Promotion; D006303:Health Services, Indigenous; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008019:Life Style; D011634:Public Health; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D019035:Rural Health Services; D040241:Social Marketing