title: Tenofovir plus lamivudine as rescue therapy for adefovir-resistant chronic hepatitis B in hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no consensus on the management of patients with adefovir (ADV)-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) combined with lamivudine (LMV) is effective and safe in patients with resistance to or non-response to ADV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with HBV-related cirrhosis, viral breakthrough during LMV therapy and viral breakthrough or non-response during ADV therapy were treated daily with TDF plus LMV for at least 6 months. The HBV DNA level, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the Child-Pugh score and serum creatinine were monitored. Genotypic LMV- or ADV-resistant mutations were measured in stored samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In five of six patients, ADV-resistant mutations at rt181 or rt236 were detected during ADV therapy. At 6 months of starting TDF/LMV combination, HBV DNA levels became undetectable (detection limit, 400 copies/ml) in four of six patients. Within 12 months, HBV DNA levels became undetectable in all patients, and ALT levels were normalized in four of six patients. These responses persisted up to the end of the observation period (median duration 16.5 months, range 6-21 months). The Child-Pugh scores improved in two of three patients with hepatic decompensation. No significant changes in serum creatinine were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that TDF plus LMV safely and markedly suppressed HBV replication in patients with resistance to or non-response to ADV. This study suggests that this combination may be a promising rescue therapy for these patients, particularly those with liver cirrhosis or pre-existing LMV resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Won Hyeok
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Byung Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: Kwan Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Gyun-Hwan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; C053001:adefovir; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine