title: hsa-miR-210 Is induced by hypoxia and is an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MicroRNA (miRNA) expression alterations have been described in cancer. Many cancers are characterized by areas of hypoxia, enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) levels, and increased expression of hypoxically regulated genes, all of which correlate with patient outcome. We examined hypoxia-induced miRNA expression changes to identify markers of survival in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used microarrays to analyze miRNA expression changes induced by hypoxia in MCF7 breast cancer cell lines and validated results by quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR). Small interfering RNA against HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha, and RCC4 cells transfected with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein were used to investigate HIF dependency of miRNA expression. miRNA Q-PCR assays were done on 219 early breast cancer samples with long-term follow-up. Correlation of expression with clinical variables was done using Pearson and Spearman's rank tests, univariate, and Cox multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hsa-miR-210 induction was the most significant change under hypoxia by microarray analysis (3.4-fold, P < 0.001). hsa-miR-210 expression changes were validated by Q-PCR and detected in other cancer cell lines. Using small interfering RNAs and RCC4 cells transfected with VHL, we showed that the regulation by hypoxia of hsa-miR-210 was mediated by the HIF-1alpha/VHL transcriptional system but not HIF-2alpha. hsa-miR-210 expression levels in breast cancer samples correlated directly with a hypoxia score based on the expression of 99 genes. hsa-miR-210 expression levels showed an inverse correlation with disease-free and overall survival, significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that hsa-miR-210 overexpression is induced by hypoxia in a HIF-1alpha- and VHL-dependent fashion and its expression levels in breast cancer samples are an independent prognostic factor.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.forename: Francesca M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Buffa
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colella
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotiriou
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gleadle
authors.forename: Jiannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ragoussis
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human