title: Osteochondromas of the mandibular condyle: variance in radiographic appearance on panoramic radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteochondromas are frequently found in the general skeleton, but are rare in the mandibular condyle. Radiographically, most reports describe osteochondromas as a mushroom-shaped bony enlargement capped with cartilage on the condylar surface. However, the radiographic appearance of this lesion on the panoramic radiograph has rarely been studied. The purpose of this article is to increase the radiographic knowledge of mandibular condylar osteochondroma and facilitate making an exact diagnosis through observing the lesional appearance on panoramic radiograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  The panoramic radiographs of 12 cases of mandibular condylar osteochondromas were reviewed. All cases were obtained from the Department of Oral Radiology, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, between 1988 and 2006. The final diagnoses of all cases were based on pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteochondromas may arise on different areas around the mandibular condyle and present diverse appearances on panoramic radiograph.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mandibular condylar osteochondromas may show different growth positions encircling the condyle and exhibit varying shapes on panoramic radiograph. These features will help us to increase cognition of the lesion and make an exact diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Radiology, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001845:Bone Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015831:Osteochondroma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D010026:Osteosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging