title: The external nasal dilator: style over function?
abstract: This study examined the effects of an external nasal dilator (END) on sedentary and aerobically trained women using the blood lactate threshold as a measure of aerobic performance. Three groups of women (sedentary, pre-season, in-season) participated in the study: nine sedentary college students (age 19 +/- 1.0 y), eight pre-season college athletes (age 20 +/- 2.3 y), and six in-season college rowers (age 20 +/- 1.7 y). A two-way repeated-measures design was used with subjects in each group being exposed to both conditions (with END and without END). The first two groups performed two incremental exercise tests in random order on a cycle ergometer, and the third group performed the tests on a rowing ergometer. Participants in each group wore an END strip for only one of the tests. Venous blood was collected at rest, during the final 30 seconds of each stage, and 1 and 3 minutes into the recovery period for the determination of blood lactate concentration and identification of the blood lactate threshold. No significant differences (P = 0.05) were found in blood lactate concentration at the lactate threshold between conditions for either group (sedentary: with END 2.51 +/- 1.18 mmol x L(-1), without END 2.56 +/- 0.84 mmol x L(-1); pre-season: with END 2.93 +/- 0.97 mmol x L(-1), without END 2.81 +/- 1.15 mmol x L(-1); and in-season: with END 3.93 +/- 0.50 mmol x L(-1), without END 3.49 +/- 0.387 mmol x L(-1)). We conclude that (a) the END did not improve the lactate threshold in either sedentary or trained college-age women, and (b) the END did not result in lower blood lactate levels during moderate to high-intensity exercise in the three groups examined in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Greg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Boggs
authors.forename: Jesse R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Stasinos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stavrianeas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D016552:Ergometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood*; D009666:Nose; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates