title: A new genus Gadimyxa with three new species (Myxozoa, Parvicapsulidae) parasitic in marine fish (Gadidae) and the two-host life cycle of Gadimyxa atlantica n. sp.
abstract: The myxozoans Gadimyxa atlantica n. sp. and G. sphaerica n. sp., and G. arctica n. sp. (Myxozoa, Parvicapsulidae), are described from Gadus morhua L. and Arctogadus glacialis (Peters) (Gadidae), respectively. They develop coelozoic in bisporic plasmodia in the urinary systems. Two morphological forms of spores were found in all 3 species, i.e., wide and (sub)spherical forms. Both spore types are bilaterally symmetrical along the suture line. The wide spores, semicircular in frontal view and elliptical in apical view, have 2 spherical polar capsules, which open in the sutural or median plane mid on the flat side of the spore. Mean widths of the wide spores of G. atlantica, G. sphaerica, and G. arctica are 7.5, 10.0, and 10.0 microm, respectively. The older, more thick-walled, (sub)spherical spores with binucleate sporoplasm are 8.0, 5.3, and 7.3 microm in mean width, respectively. The mean diameters of the polar capsules of (sub)spherical spores are 2.4, 1.7, and 2.2 microm, respectively. The (sub)spherical forms of Gadimyxa are most similar to Ortholinea within the Ortholineidae, but they differ in the development of the spores and in the arrangement of the polar capsules. The polychaetes Spirorbis spp. (Spirorbidae) act as invertebrate hosts of G. atlantica. The previously described actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type develop to myxospores in Gadus morhua within 8 wk. This is the second known myxozoan 2-host life cycle in the marine environment. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial small subunit rDNA sequences places Gadimyxa spp. among Parvicapsula spp. in the Parvicapsulidae.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark. mkoie@bi.ku.dk
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Køie
authors.forename: Egil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karlsbakk
authors.forename: Are
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nylund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D048388:Gadiformes / Q000469:parasitology*; D048389:Gadus morhua / Q000469:parasitology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D010802:Phylogeny; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000469:parasitology*; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000469:parasitology*; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal