title: Fetal pain: life in troubled waters.
abstract: Maternal well-being is the key to fetal well-being. A fetus is highly vulnerable and sensitive to pain and stress, and exposure has the potential for negative developmental consequences. Childbirth educators can help raise parental awareness about the importance of the maternal environment for best outcomes in fetal development.
authors.forename: Johnnye S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johnson