title: Alcohol consumption and the risk of self-reported perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis in young adult women in a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol consumption has been suggested to be associated with the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), but there is limited data on the topic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing AR among young women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five thousand eight hundred and seventy Danish women aged 20-29 years participated in a prospective cohort study, and were free of seasonal and perennial AR at baseline (1991-1993). Alcohol consumption was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The main outcome measures were self-reported information on seasonal and perennial AR debuting during a mean follow-up period of 7.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 831 women developed seasonal AR and 523 women developed perennial AR, corresponding to 14% and 9%. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with the risk of developing perennial AR. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for perennial AR was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.13-2.80) among women drinking more than 14 drinks/week compared with women drinking <1 drink/week. There was no association between alcohol consumption and seasonal AR. Having one or two parents with asthma was, after adjustment, significantly associated with the risk of developing seasonal (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.65-2.45) and perennial AR (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.70-2.74). Smoking was not associated with an increased risk of developing AR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population of young adult women, alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of developing perennial AR.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Alcohol Research, National Institute of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade Copenhagen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grønbaek
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tolstrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires