title: Biventricular pacing does not affect microvolt T-wave alternans in heart failure patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) is a valuable tool for stratification of patients at risk for sudden death and has recently been approved for this purpose by Medicare. Although right atrial (RA) pacing has been applied for MTWA testing, the effects of other pacing modalities on MTWA have not been systematically studied. Accordingly, it is unknown whether biventricular (BiV) pacing might influence MTWA test results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to investigate effects of BiV pacing in comparison with other pacing modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Congestive heart failure patients (n = 30) receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy were included, and a systematic step-up pacing protocol was performed via the implanted cardioverter-defibrillator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the overall 120 MTWA tests performed, 67 (56%) were nonnegative. Nonnegative MTWA test results were observed in 18 patients (60%) during RA stimulation, whereas 17 (57%), 15 (50%), and 17 test results (57%) were nonnegative during right ventricular (RV), left ventricular (LV), and BiV pacing, respectively. Seven (23%) patients were MTWA negative for all pacing sites. Results of MTWA assessment during RA pacing were concordant with results obtained with RV pacing in 25 (83%) patients (kappa = 0.66, P = .0003), to LV pacing in 21 (70%) patients (kappa = 0.4, P = .025), and to BiV pacing in 25 (83%) patients (kappa = 0.66, P = .0003). Positive and negative predictive values of nonnegative MTWA test results obtained during RA pacing for a similar result obtained with RV pacing were 88% and 76%. Respective values were similar for other pacing modalities (80% and 60% for LV; 88% and 76% for BiV pacing).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a high level of concordance between MTWA test results obtained during RA pacing and other pacing modalities, and MTWA assessment seems not to be influenced by BiV stimulation in congestive heart failure patients. In general, BiV pacing does not seem to affect an arrhythmogenic substrate as detected by MTWA testing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Electrophysiology, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Florian T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anneken
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duray
authors.forename: Carsten W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.forename: Stefan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hohnloser
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment