title: Cognitive and behavioral effects of multilayer-release methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamics of a new multilayer-release (MLR) formulation methylphenidate (MPH; Biphentin) with immediate-release (IR) MPH (Ritalin) in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to equivalent doses of MPH as MLR (once per day), IR (twice per day) or placebo. Each treatment was taken for 1 week prior to repeated behavioral and cognitive laboratory evaluations on a single day in each phase of the crossover.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two girls and 15 boys 6.8-15.3 years old (mean age 11.3 +/- 2.2 years) participated. Both MLR and IR MPH significantly reduced the Stop Signal Reaction Time (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0005), the Errors of Omission on the Continuous Performance Task (p = 0.0039, p = 0.0001), the IOWA-Conners Inattention/Overactivity Index (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0001), and increased the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Efficacy Index (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0017) and reduced the CGI Global Improvement Index (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0006) compared to placebo. Mild adverse events were experienced by 4, 6, and 3 patients on placebo, IR, and MLR MPH, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLR MPH given once daily produces equivalent improvements in behavioral and cognitive measures, and has a duration of effect at least as long as that of IR MPH given twice daily.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schachar
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ickowicz
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.forename: Graeme A E
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reiz
authors.forename: Paula C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Miceli
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Harsanyi
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Darke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate