title: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy: long-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is becoming increasingly common since it was first described in 1991 for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, with long-term data now emerging. The purpose of this study was to compare oncological outcomes between laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and open nephroureterectomy, investigate recurrence risks specific to laparoscopic nephroureterectomy techniques and review long-term outcomes after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recently published long-term outcomes support the oncologic efficacy of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, confirming results from previous studies with short and intermediate follow-up. Rates of bladder, local and distant recurrence are comparable irrespective of the various methods of managing the distal ureter and bladder cuff currently employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy continue to mature, a laparoscopic approach for the renal portion of nephroureterectomy is widely accepted as the gold standard in the treatment of organ-confined upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. The roles of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma continue to evolve and remain to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. meng@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Arieh L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shalhav
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*