title: Reassessment of diagnostic value of antral nodularity for Helicobacter pylori infection in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antral nodularity is considered as specific for Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in children as well as in adults. The aim of this study is to reassess the accuracy of using antral nodularity as a marker for H. pylori-infection in children with various gastroduodenal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 725 consecutive children in whom upper digestive endoscopy was performed for gastrointestinal symptoms between June 6, 2003 and May 11, 2007 and gastric antral mucosal biopsy was taken. They were divided within three diagnoses groups: Group I, recurrent abdominal pain (N=252); Group II, celiac disease (N=358) and Group III, miscellaneous diagnoses (N=115). One hundred nineteen children were diagnosed as having antral nodularity and were included in the study. H. pylori were recognized in gastric biopsy on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections; a toluidine blue stain was performed in biopsy suspicious for H. pylori. The appropriate statistical method was applied for analysis of data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of antral nodularity in children (M:F:65:54) was 16.4% (119/725). The mean age of children with antral nodularity was 9.4 years (SEM, 0.1 years; range, 2-18 years). The prevalence of antral nodularity increased gradually with age. Fifty out of 119 (42%) children with antral nodularity had recurrent abdominal pain, 26/119 (21.9%) had celiac disease and 43/119 (36.1%) had miscellaneous diagnoses. H pylori-infection was identified in 118/725 (16.3%) children. Antral nodularity had a poor accuracy rate to determine H. pylori-infection (sensitivity, 42%; positive predictive value, 42.4%) and was observed in 50 of 118 (42.4%) H. pylori-positive patients and in 69 of 607 (11.4%) H. pylori-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antral nodularity is a poor predictor for H pylori-infection in children. During endoscopy, gastric biopsies should always be obtained in children to establish the presence of H pylori-infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of GE Histopathology, Department of Superspeciality of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (UT), India. kaushalkp10@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Nain
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000473:pathology*