title: External-beam radiotherapy for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer in Japan: a multi-institutional outcome analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcomes of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with external-beam radiotherapy are not well known in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four institutions combined data on 679 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with a total dose >/=60 Gy between 1995 and 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 46 months, the 5-year overall, clinical progression-free, and biochemical relapse-free survival rate were 93.0, 95.3 and 71.9% for all patients, respectively. The 5-year progression-free, and biochemical relapse-free survival rates according to the risk group were 100%, 90.8% in the low-risk group, 98.3%, 75.7% in the intermediate-risk group and 93.6%, 67.6% in the high-risk group, respectively. The multivariate analysis for biochemical relapse-free survival revealed that prostate-specific antigen (relative risk, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.003; P = 0.0041), Gleason score (relative risk, 1.166; 95% CI, 1.046-1.302; P = 0.0055), T classification (relative risk, 2.897; 95% CI, 1.999-4.230; P = 0.0000), pelvic irradiation (relative risk, 2.042; 95% CI, 1.328-3.273; P = 0.0008), and androgen abletion (relative risk, 0.321; 95% CI, 0.240-0.427; P = 0.0000) were significant prognostic factors. Only 1.1% of patients experienced late morbidity of Grade 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy for prostate cancer seemed to be effective, with little risk of normal tissue complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. nakam@fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizowaki
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uno
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nihei
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen