title: A case of female epispadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a case of unrecognized female epispadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based reproductive endocrinology and fertility clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16-year-old girl with epispadias, history of mild urinary incontinence, auditory neuropathy, and functional hyperandrogenism.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood array-based comparative genomic hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was referred for evaluation of excessive weight gain, secondary amenorrhea, and abnormal external genitalia. Examination under anesthesia revealed bilateral labia minora hypertrophy, bifid clitoris, and a patulous urethra, consistent with female epispadias. Hormonal evaluation showed functional hyperandrogenism, and peripheral blood array-based comparative genomic hybridization showed no chromosomal deletions or duplications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female epispadias is a rare abnormality, not commonly recognized by most practitioners. The diagnosis is supported by a history of urinary incontinence and physical findings of bifid clitoris and patulous urethra. The condition can have serious physical and psychological consequences leading to a gross disruption of social function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Julierut
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tantibhedhyangkul
authors.forename: Susannah D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Copland
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Haqq
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000209:etiology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D014844:Vulva / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D015430:Weight Gain