title: Comparison of submerged and nonsubmerged implants placed without flap reflection in the canine mandible.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the bone healing around submerged and nonsubmerged implants installed in a canine mandible model using a flapless technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral, edentulated, flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandibles of 6 mongrel dogs. After 3 months of healing, 2 implants were placed in 1 side by either miniflap submerged or flapless nonsubmerged procedures. After healing for an additional 8 weeks, microcomputerized tomography at the implantation site was performed. Osseointegration was calculated as the percent of the implant surface in contact with bone. Bone height was measured in the peri-implant bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean osseointegration was greater (64.7%) in miniflap submerged sites than in the flapless nonsubmerged sites (56.8%; P < .05). The mean peri-implant bone height was greater (11.0 mm) in the miniflap submerged sites than in the flapless nonsubmerged sites (10.1 mm; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the submerged procedure was more effective than the nonsubmerged procedure in improving implant anchorage in the early phase after implant placement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. choibh@yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Byung-Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jingxu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Han-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Seung-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration; D011897:Random Allocation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants