title: Clinical evaluation of bracket bonding using two different polymerization sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comparatively assess clinical failure rate of brackets cured with two different photopolymerization sources after nine months of orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample of this study comprised 30 patients who received comprehensive orthodontic treatment by means of fixed appliances. Using the same adhesive, 600 stainless steel brackets were directly bonded and light cured for 10 seconds with the light-emitting diode (LED) lamp or for 20 seconds with the conventional halogen lamp. A split-mouth design randomly alternated from patient to patient was applied. Failure rates were recorded for nine months and analyzed with Pearson chi2 test, and log-rank test at alpha = .05 level of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall failure rate recorded with the halogen unit (3.33%) was not significantly different from the failure rate for the LED lamp (5.00%). Significantly more failures were found in boys compared with girls, in the mandibular dental arch compared with the maxillary arch, and in posterior segments compared with anterior segments. However, no significant difference was found between the right and left segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both light-curing units showed sufficiently low bond failure rates. LED curing units are an advantageous alternative to conventional halogen sources in orthodontics because they enable a reduced chair-time bonding procedure without significantly affecting bond failure rate.
authors.affiliation: koupis@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Nikolaos S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Koupis
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eliades
authors.forename: Athanasios E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; D013193:Stainless Steel