title: Antimicrobial peptides of the Cecropin-family show potent antitumor activity against bladder cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the cytotoxic and antiproliferative efficacy of two well-characterized members of the Cecropin-family of antimicrobial peptides against bladder tumor cells and benign fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential of the Cecropins A and B was quantified by colorimetric WST-1-, BrdU- and LDH-assays in four bladder cancer cell lines as well as in murine and human fibroblast cell lines. IC50 values were assessed by logarithmic extrapolation, representing the concentration at which cell viability was reduced by 50%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize the morphological changes induced by Cecropin A and B in bladder tumor cells and fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cecropin A and B inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent fashion. The average IC50 values of Cecropin A and B against all bladder cancer cell lines ranged between 73.29 mug/ml and 220.05 mug/ml. In contrast, benign fibroblasts were significantly less or not at all susceptible to Cecropin A and B. Both Cecropins induced an increase in LDH release from bladder tumor cells whereas benign fibroblasts were not affected. SEM demonstrated lethal membrane disruption in bladder cancer cells as opposed to fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cecropin A and B exert selective cytotoxic and antiproliferative efficacy in bladder cancer cells while sparing targets of benign murine or human fibroblast origin. Both peptides may offer novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bladder cancer with limited cytotoxic effects on benign cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany. suttmann.urologikum@gmx.de
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suttmann
authors.forename: Margitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Retz
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zwergel
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamradt
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wullich
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unteregger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stöckle
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000032:analysis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019476:Insect Proteins; C031161:cecropin A; C031162:cecropin B protein, Insecta; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine