title: The effects of preserved red blood cells on the severe adverse events observed in patients infused with hemoglobin based oxygen carriers.
abstract: The severe adverse events observed in patients who received hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) were associated with the Ringer's D.L lactate resuscitative solution administered and to the excipient used in the HBOCs containing Ringer's D,L lactate and the length of storage of the preserved RBC administered to the patient at the time that the HBOCs were infused. This paper reports the quality of the red blood cells preserved in the liquid state at 4 degrees C and that of previously frozen RBCs stored at 4 degrees C with regard to their survival, function and safety. Severe adverse events have been observed related to the length of storage of the liquid preserved RBC stored at 4 degrees C prior to transfusion. The current methods to preserve RBC in the liquid state in additive solutions at 4 degrees C maintain their survival and function for only 2 weeks. The freezing of red blood cells with 40% W/V glycerol and storage at -80 degrees C allows for storage at -80 degrees C for 10 years and following thawing, deglycerolization and storage at 4 degrees C in the additive solution (AS-3, Nutricel) for 2 weeks with acceptable 24 hour posttransfusion survival, less than 1% hemolysis, and moderately impaired oxygen transport function with no associated adverse events. Frozen deglycerolized RBCs are leukoreduced and contain less than 5% of residual plasma and non-plasma substances. Frozen deglycerolized RBCs are the ideal RBC product to transfuse patients receiving HBOCs.
authors.affiliation: NBRL Inc, Boston, MA 02360, USA. navblood@nbrl.org
authors.forename: C Robert
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ragno
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000097:blood; D000225:Adenine / Q000737:chemistry; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000097:blood; D000740:Anemia / Q000628:therapy; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000009:adverse effects; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C037839:ADSOL; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D002951:Citrates; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003911:Dextrans; D005839:Gentamicins; D006454:Hemoglobins; C051020:SAG-M blood; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D008353:Mannitol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C007077:citrate phosphate dextrose; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C075736:Optisol; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine