title: Histology of the regenerate and docking site in bone transport.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone transport is based on the principle of distraction osteogenesis described by Ilizarov and is a consecrated method for the treatment of segmental bone defects. One of its most problematic and, paradoxically, least studied aspects is the consolidation of the docking site. We studied histologically the ossification of the docking site and regenerate to determine any difference between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine adult sheep were submitted to correction of a 1-cm tibial diaphyseal defect using a system of plate-fixed bone transport, with latency period of 1 week and 0.2 mm distraction of the transported segment four times a day. The sheep were divided into three groups of three animals each, according to the observation period of 3, 6 or 12 weeks between the fixation of the transported fragment and the euthanasia. The docking site and the regenerate were studied histologically on sections stained with Masson trichrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main mode of docking site ossification was the endochondral one and although intramembranous ossification was also observed simultaneously, it was limited to rare and small foci. In contrast, intramembranous ossification played the major role in the regenerate, with bone formation evolving from the base segment to the target segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental bone transport model proposed in the present study permits us to conclude that there is a clear difference between the ossification of the docking site and of the regenerate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14048-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávio L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Celso H F
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Picado
authors.forename: Sérgio B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001860:Bone Plates; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D023421:Models, Animal; D010012:Osteogenesis; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012756:Sheep; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery