title: Effect of glucocorticosteroid injections in tennis elbow verified on colour Doppler ultrasonography: evidence of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has previously been reported that lateral epicondylitis may be diagnosed with colour Doppler ultrasonography (US) by detecting hyperaemia inside the common extensor origin (CEO).This study reports on the association between Doppler US findings and the short-term response of US-guided corticosteroid injection in patients with LE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-only, blinded intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary care at a government hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  62 patients with LE verified by colour Doppler US.
  
  
  METHODS
  One US-guided corticosteroid injection was given into the CEO.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were evaluated at baseline before the injection and at 2 weeks of follow-up. Outcome measures were changes in pain score and US parameters (resistive index (RI) and the amount of colour within the CEO). Prognosticators for outcome were: use of computer mouse, symptom duration, elbow strain, RI, colour fraction, Likert pain score, pain at rest, pain during activity, age, height, weight, disease in dominant versus nondominant arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but one patient experienced improvement of general elbow pain perception at follow-up at 2 weeks. In parallel, Doppler US showed significant reduction in colour fraction (mean (standard deviation) with 95% confidence limits: baseline 0.14 (0.10), at follow-up 0.02 (0.02), p<0.0001). All but five patients showed a decrease in colour fraction; 74% decreased to 0. No clinical or US parameter could distinguish responders from non-responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corticosteroid injection has a marked short-term effect on pain and Doppler parameters. The reduction in hyperaemia mediated by an anti-inflammatory drug can be interpreted as evidence of an inflammatory component in LE.
authors.affiliation: The Parker Institute, Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Qvistgaard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bliddal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013716:Tennis Elbow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008012:Lidocaine; D008775:Methylprednisolone