title: Capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferents modulate posttranscriptional regulation of the rat Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  the intestinal Na(+)/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) displays rapid anticipatory diurnal rhythms in mRNA and protein expression. The vagus nerve has been implicated in the entrainment of some transporters. We aimed to clarify the influence of the vagus nerve on the diurnal entrainment pathway for SGLT1 and examine the role of vagal afferent fibers.
  
  
  METHODS
  male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to three groups, total subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, selective deafferentation of the vagus with capsaicin, or sham laparotomy. Postoperatively, animals were maintained in a 12-h light-dark cycle with food access limited to night. On the ninth postoperative day, animals were euthanized to harvest jejunal mucosa at 6-h intervals starting at 10 AM. Whole cell SGLT1 protein was measured by semiquantitative densitometry of immunoblots. Sglt1 and regulatory subunit RS1 mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR. Fluorogold tracer technique was used to confirm adequacy of the vagotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the diurnal rhythm in intestinal SGLT1, with a 5.3-fold increase in Sglt1 mRNA at 4 PM, was preserved in both vagotomy and capsaicin groups. However, the rhythmicity in SGLT1 protein expression (2.3-fold peak at 10 PM; P = 0.041) was abolished following either total vagotomy or deafferentation. Lack of change in RS1 mRNA suggests this is independent of the RS1 regulatory pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SGLT1 transcription is independent of the vagus. However, dissociation of the protein rhythm from the underlying mRNA signal by vagotomy suggests the vagus may be involved in posttranscriptional regulation of SGLT1 in an RS1 independent pathway. Disruption following afferent ablation by capsaicin suggests this limb is specifically necessary.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Adam T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Stearns
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rounds
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rhoads
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakkolizadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004435:Eating; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D036421:Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated / Q000187:drug effects; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495676:Slc5a1 protein, rat; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D002211:Capsaicin