title: Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Francophone Adolescents: a preliminary validation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In adults, it is well known that high levels of pain catastrophizing are related to increased pain and disability as well as to heightened anxiety and depression. However, due to the lack of a measure of pain catastrophizing adapted for francophone adolescents, little is known about the role of catastrophizing in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To adapt the French version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and to examine the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the PCS for Francophone Adolescents (PCS-Ado).
  
  
  METHODS
  The French version of the PCS was modified by a group of experts. The format of the questions was modified to be appropriate for adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. To assess the psychometric properties of the PCS-Ado, 345 adolescents completed the PCS-Ado and questionnaires measuring depression, anxiety and intensity of pain. Twelve to 16 weeks later, participants completed the questionnaires again to examine the test-retest reliability of the PCS-Ado.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed a three-factor solution similar to the original PCS. In addition, results revealed that PCS-Ado had good internal consistency (PCS-Ado total: 0.85; rumination: 0.72; magnification: 0.66; helplessness: 0.74), and high test-retest reliability (r=0.73). Finally, significant correlations among catastrophizing, depression, anxiety and pain intensity support the construct validity of the PCS-Ado.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the PCS-Ado is valid and reliable with francophone adolescents. Further research is required to assess the validity of the PCS-Ado in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crombez
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laliberté
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
authors.forename: Michael J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires