title: Minimally invasive per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in dogs using a prototype duct occluder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Per-catheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion in dogs with devices intended for humans is associated with technical difficulties, high rates of procedure abandonment, device migration, and residual ductal flow.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Use of a custom-made canine duct occluder (Amplatz Canine Duct Occluder, ACDO) would be feasible in dogs of varying weights and somatotypes and effective in occluding a wide range of PDA shapes and sizes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen client-owned dogs of various breeds with PDA. Weights ranged from 3.8 to 32.3 kg (median, 17.8 kg), and angiographic minimal ductal diameters ranged from 1.1 to 6.9 mm (median, 3.7 mm). Ductal morphologies included types IIA, IIB, and III.
  
  
  METHODS
  Per-catheter PDA occlusion with the ACDO was performed in all dogs. Persistent or recurrent ductal flow was assessed at the end of the procedure by angiography and at 1 day, 3 months, and >or=12 months after the procedure by echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful ACDO placement was achieved in all 18 dogs. One dog required a 2nd procedure with a larger ACDO after the 1st device migrated to the pulmonary vasculature. Complete occlusion was confirmed in 17 of 18 dogs during the procedure, as well as at 1 day and 3 months after the procedure, and in 12 of 13 dogs evaluated at >or=12 months after the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Per-catheter PDA occlusion in dogs with the ACDO is feasible and effective in dogs of a wide range of weights and somatotypes and with PDAs of varying shapes and sizes.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nguyenba
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tobias
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D008297:Male