title: Oviposition deterrents from eggs of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): chemical identification and analysis by electroantennogram.
abstract: Our previous results showed that an extract of the abdomens of mated females of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, deterred oviposition of conspecifics. In this paper, we found that the extract, in addition to reducing conspecifics' oviposition, could elicit strong electroantennogram responses from mated females. The EAG elicitors mainly came from mature chorionated eggs in the ovarioles. Laid eggs or their surface extract evoked similar EAG responses. The main chemical components of the EAG elicitors from mature chorionated and laid eggs were myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. A blend of authentic fatty acids at the ratio found in the laid eggs and in an amount equivalent to 100 laid eggs mimicked the EAG response and deterring effect. Moreover, these four oviposition-deterring fatty acids and their corresponding methyl esters evoked significantly higher EAG responses from both mated females and males than hexane blank and background. The EAG values differed among the test chemicals and between sexes. These results demonstrate that the four fatty acids from eggs are at least partially responsible for the oviposition-deterring effect of the extract from the abdomens of mated female H. armigera and that the moths may detect these chemicals olfactorily by antennae.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Mulan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hejuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D004952:Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D019476:Insect Proteins