title: Visiting policies in Italian intensive care units: a nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate visiting policies in Italian intensive care units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive survey: a questionnaire was sent to all 303 units of the Italian Group for the Evaluation of Interventions in Intensive Care Medicine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Response rate was 85% (257/303). All ICUs except one had restricted visiting-hour policies. In five ICUs (2%) visits were not allowed. Median daily visiting time was 60 min (range 15 min-18 h); 55% of ICUs had one daily visiting slot. There were restrictions on number (92% of units) and type (17%) of visitors, and on child visits (69%). Policies were not modified for child patients in 9% of ICUs, nor for a dying patient in 21%. No waiting room was provided by 25% of ICUs. Gowning procedures were compulsory for visitors in 95% of units. In 35% of ICUs visitors were not required to wash their hands. A formal process for revision of visiting policies was underway in 33% of ICUs. In 66% of ICUs informative material on the unit was provided to the family on patient admission. Phone information on the patient was given relatively frequently (often/always, 34% of ICUs). Regional area and volume of admissions significantly influenced visiting hours. A visiting period longer than 60 min/day was significantly associated with more "open" attitudes towards visitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Italian ICUs have very restrictive visiting policies, which are only partially liberalized when the patient is dying or is a child. However, one-third of ICUs are rethinking their policies. This survey may contribute towards the liberalization of visiting policies in Italy's ICUs.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via della Commenda 9, 20122, Milan, Italy, a.giannini@policlinico.mi.it.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miccinesi
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leoncino
mesh_terms: D005190:Family; D006235:Hand Disinfection; D006291:Health Policy; D006761:Hospitals / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007558:Italy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014789:Visitors to Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*