title: Treated enamel surface patterns associated with five orthodontic adhesive systems--surface morphology and shear bond strength.
abstract: The chief aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different types of pretreatment solutions (phosphoric acid, self-etching primers, and polyacrylic acid) on enamel surfaced when used in association with one of the five orthodontic adhesive systems. In the same vein, the shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets was also measured to evaluate the influence of bonding procedure. After the enamel surfaces of extracted human maxillary incisors were pretreated with the five adhesive systems, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the effects of pretreatment on enamel. Additionally, the shear bond strength of metal brackets bonded with the five adhesives was measured (n=6). SEM observation revealed different etching patterns on the enamel surface after pretreatment. As for shear bond strength, no statistically significant differences were observed among the five different adhesives (p>0.05). It was found that self-etching primers and polyacrylic acid produced a less aggressive etching pattern than phosphoric acid. Nonetheless, all the five adhesive systems provided acceptable bond strength and attachment of orthodontic brackets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku.
authors.forename: Makiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: Akikazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: Lippo V J
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: Harunori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varrela
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shinya
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C519484:Beauty Ortho Bond; D001896:Boron Compounds; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C418867:Enlight; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D008689:Methacrylates; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D013193:Stainless Steel; C006903:carbopol 940; C049495:Super-bond; C030242:phosphoric acid