title: Prevalence of pterygium and pingueculum among motorcyclists in Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the prevalence of pingueculum and pterygium among commercial motorcyclists in Benin City, Nigeria and to note any associated or risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, cross sectional, case control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A local Government Area (Oredo) and University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty four commercial male motorcyclists in motorcycle parks in the local Government area and a control group of 114 male indoor workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of pterygium or pingueculum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and forty four male motorcyclists formed the subjects of this study. The age range was 18 to 65 years with a mean age of 34.9 +/- 8.0 years. The total number of motorcyclists with pingueculum was 37 with 26 bilateral cases, 63 eyes were involved. The prevalence rate was 25.7%. Pterygium was present in 18 patients including 12 bilateral cases making a total of 30 eyes. The prevalence rate was 12.5% The total number of indoor workers with pingueculum was 24 and it was present in 46 eyes. The prevalence rate was 21.05%. Pterygium was present in 12 eyes of nine persons in the control group and the prevalence rate was 7.9%. There was no association between the duration of work as a commercial motor cyclist and the presence of a pterygium or a pingueculum. The usage of a hat/cap was found to have a protective effect as motorcyclists who do not wear hats are more likely to develop pingueculum than those who wear them. The use of glasses and hats together was found to be protective against the development of pingueculum and pterygium in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of 12.5% of pterygium and 25.7% of pingueculum in commercial motorcyclists in this study is quite high when compared with that of the controls. The wearing of face caps/hats was found to have a protective effect. They should be educated about the importance of wearing protective goggles and caps/brimmed hats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Ukponmwan
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Dawodu
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Edema
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okojie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009049:Motorcycles; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011625:Pterygium / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011998:Recreation; D012307:Risk Factors