title: Catheter-directed thrombolysis with the Endowave system in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism: a retrospective multicenter case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis with the EndoWave peripheral infusion system in the treatment of patients with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) as compared to patients treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients (five men and five women; age range, 31-85 years; mean age, 54.20 years) with massive acute PE (17 lesions) were treated with ultrasonography (US)-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis with the Endowave system. All patients had hypoxia and dyspnea. No patient had contraindication for thrombolysis. Angiographic findings, duration of lysis, dose of thrombolytics used, and procedural complications were recorded. Thrombolytics used were urokinase, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and Reteplase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete thrombus removal was achieved in 13 of the 17 lesions (76%), near complete thrombolysis was achieved in three lesions (18%), and partial thrombolysis was achieved in one lesion (6%). The mean time of thrombolysis was 24.76 hours +/- 8.44 (median, 24 hours). The mean dose of tPA used for the Endowave group was 0.88 mg/h +/- 0.19 (13 lesions).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis is an effective method for treating massive thrombolysis. It has the potential to shorten the time of lysis and lower the dose of thrombolytics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA 30345, USA. abbas_chamsuddin@emoryhealthcare.org
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamsuddin
authors.forename: Lama
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nazzal
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Sepehr
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panah
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Chadi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeinati
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Anthony C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venbrux
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087896:reteplase; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator