The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methods.
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a longitudinal multisite observational study of healthy elders, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (18F)-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), urine serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, as well as clinical/psychometric assessments are acquired at multiple time points. All data will be cross-linked and made available to the general scientific community. The purpose of this report is to describe the MRI methods employed in ADNI. The ADNI MRI core established specifications that guided protocol development. A major effort was devoted to evaluating 3D T(1)-weighted sequences for morphometric analyses. Several options for this sequence were optimized for the relevant manufacturer platforms and then compared in a reduced-scale clinical trial. The protocol selected for the ADNI study includes: back-to-back 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) scans; B(1)-calibration scans when applicable; and an axial proton density-T(2) dual contrast (i.e., echo) fast spin echo/turbo spin echo (FSE/TSE) for pathology detection. ADNI MRI methods seek to maximize scientific utility while minimizing the burden placed on participants. The approach taken in ADNI to standardization across sites and platforms of the MRI protocol, postacquisition corrections, and phantom-based monitoring of all scanners could be used as a model for other multisite trials.
Jack
Clifford R
CR
Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. jack.clifford@mayo.edu
Bernstein
Matt A
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Nick C
NC
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Paul
P
Alexander
Gene
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Harvey
Danielle
D
Borowski
Bret
B
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Paula J
PJ
L Whitwell
Jennifer
J
Ward
Chadwick
C
Dale
Anders M
AM
Felmlee
Joel P
JP
Gunter
Jeffrey L
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Hill
Derek L G
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Killiany
Ron
R
Schuff
Norbert
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Fox-Bosetti
Sabrina
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Lin
Chen
C
Studholme
Colin
C
DeCarli
Charles S
CS
Krueger
Gunnar
G
Ward
Heidi A
HA
Metzger
Gregory J
GJ
Scott
Katherine T
KT
Mallozzi
Richard
R
Blezek
Daniel
D
Levy
Joshua
J
Debbins
Josef P
JP
Fleisher
Adam S
AS
Albert
Marilyn
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Green
Robert
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Bartzokis
George
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Glover
Gary
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Mugler
John
J
Weiner
Michael W
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D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards