title: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and its association with gadolinium exposure during MRI.
abstract: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a newly recognized systemic disorder characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis in patients with impaired renal function. Recent reports suggest that NSF is associated with exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging. NSF can be very debilitating and can lead to serious complications and death. Health care providers should exercise caution when considering the use of gadolinium-based imaging studies in patients with renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Naim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Emilio D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Poggio
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fatica
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heyka
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium