title: SPECT imaging with 99mTc-labeled EGFR-specific nanobody for in vivo monitoring of EGFR expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occurs with high incidence in various carcinomas. The oncogenic expression of the receptor has been exploited for immunoglobulin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. We describe the use of a llama single-domain antibody fragment, termed Nanobody, for the in vivo radioimmunodetection of EGFR overexpressing tumors using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis was performed to evaluate the specificity and selectivity of 8B6 Nanobody to bind EGFR on EGFR overexpressing cells. The Nanobody was then labeled with (99m)Tc via its C-terminal histidine tail. Uptake in normal organs and tissues was assessed by ex vivo analysis. In vivo tumor targeting of (99m)Tc-8B6 Nanobody was evaluated via pinhole SPECT in mice bearing xenografts of tumor cells with either high (A431) or moderate (DU145) overexpression of EGFR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FACS analysis indicated that the 8B6 Nanobody only recognizes cells overexpressing EGFR. In vivo blood clearance of (99m)Tc-8B6 Nanobody is relatively fast (half-life, 1.5 h) and mainly via the kidneys. At 3 h postinjection, total kidney accumulation is high (46.6+/-0.9%IA) compared to total liver uptake (18.9+/-0.6%IA). Pinhole SPECT imaging of mice bearing A431 xenografts showed higher average tumor uptake (5.2+/-0.5%IA/cm(3)) of (99m)Tc-8B6 Nanobody compared to DU145 xenografts (1.8+/-0.3%IA/cm(3), p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EGFR-binding Nanobody investigated in this study shows high specificity and selectivity towards EGFR overexpressing cells. Pinhole SPECT analysis with (99m)Tc-8B6 Nanobody enabled in vivo discrimination between tumors with high and moderate EGFR overexpression. The favorable biodistribution further corroborates the suitability of Nanobodies for in vivo tumor imaging.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. lieven.huang@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lea Olive Tchouate
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Gainkam
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caveliers
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanhove
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keyaerts
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Revets
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lahoutte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D049329:Nanostructures; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium; D066246:ErbB Receptors