title: Contingency management: utility in the treatment of drug abuse disorders.
abstract: Contingency management (CM) is a strategy that uses positive reinforcement to improve the clinical outcomes of substance abusers in treatment, especially sustained abstinence from drugs of abuse. Further, CM has been adopted to improve methodology and interpretation of outcomes in clinical trials testing new pharmacotherapies and to improve adherence to efficacious medications in substance abuse patients. Thus, CM has proven to be widely useful as a direct therapeutic intervention and as a tool in treatment development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. mstitzer@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stitzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vandrey
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012201:Reward; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D002047:Buprenorphine; D009271:Naltrexone