title: Ischemic stroke due to dissection of intracranial internal carotid artery: implications for early surgical treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial ICA dissection is a rare pathology that frequently results in severe morbidity or mortality in young patients. This study examined the suitability of early surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present and analyze 6 of our own cases and 39 other cases reported after 1980. The clinical courses were classified into 3 types: A, single attack and severe outcome; B, single attack and mild to moderate outcome; and C, recurrent attacks and various outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type A patients (n = 11) usually deteriorated quickly and severely so that early surgical treatment was not possible. Most type B patients (n = 12) did not require surgical intervention because of relatively stable courses. Only some type C patients (n = 10) are candidates for early surgery to prevent progressive deterioration. Twelve cases were unclassified because of insufficient information. We encountered 3 cases of type C, and emergency bypass surgery with parent ICA occlusion was planned in 2 patients. The surgery was successful with good prognosis in 1 patient; but the ICA and its branches were already occluded in the other patient, which precluded completion of bypass surgery and resulted in severe hemiparesis. Intraoperative findings and histologic examination of the MCA confirmed arterial dissection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young patients with intracranial ICA dissection manifesting as mild ischemic stroke should be considered for early bypass surgery with occlusion of the dissected ICA if any sign of progression or recurrence occurs after the onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan. oka6617@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome