title: Polysomnographic study of intermittent zolpidem treatment in primary sleep maintenance insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of chronic insomnia with nightly hypnotics is efficacious, but discontinuation is recommended after 1 month, less than the average disease duration. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of intermittent administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind study was carried out on 8 patients (age, 32.8 +/- 9 years; 3 men) with primary sleep maintenance insomnia longer than 1 month. Polysomnography of conventional sleep parameters, cyclic alternating patterns (CAPs), and arousals was performed. Perception of sleep quality was assessed on a visual analog scale. After an adaptation night, baselines were recorded followed by 6 consecutive nights of alternating treatment with zolpidem (10 mg) or placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements on baseline values (P < 0.0001) were observed on all 3 active treatment nights for total sleep time, sleep efficiency, CAP time, CAP rate, subtype A2, arousals, and arousal index. Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep increased with the second and third doses of active treatment (P < 0.0001). Rapid eye movement sleep increased during the last 3 polysomnographic recordings (P < 0.014). Sleep quality (visual analog scale) improved on all nights after the initial dose of active treatment (P < 0.0001). There was no evidence of rebound insomnia with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intermittent treatment with zolpidem in primary insomnia patients improves CAP parameters and arousals, as well as sleep duration and quality, in the absence of rebound insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Liborio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parrino
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smerieri
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giglia
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milioli
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Paolis
authors.forename: Mario Giovanni
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Terzano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem