title: A ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-promoted metastasis by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in murine colon cancer cells.
abstract: SC-514, an inhibitor of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), blocked the TNF-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) as well as the TNF-alpha-promoted metastasis of murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. We investigated the effect of 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (M1), a main intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng, on the NF-kappaB-dependent metastasis. M1 was effective in suppressing the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB, expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), migration and invasion. The TNF-alpha-evoked increase in lung and liver metastasis of colon carcinoma was also abrogated by treatment with M1 in vitro. These results suggest that ginseng has potential to suppress inflammation-related metastasis by downregulating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Min-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saiki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002465:Cell Movement; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D036145:Ginsenosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C112772:ginsenoside compound K