title: Closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation for the treatment of dislocated calcaneal fractures: surgical technique, complications, clinical and radiological results after 2-10 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To reduce complications, a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of dislocated intraarticular fractures of the calcaneus was used. Therefore previously described closed reduction and internal fixation techniques were combined and modified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven out of 92 calcaneal fractures could be retrospectively evaluated with an average follow-up time of 5.7 years (minimum 2-10 years follow-up). For radiographic evaluation, plain radiographs and CT scans were obtained. The Zwipp score was used for clinical evaluation. Sanders type II, III and IV fractures were diagnosed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Length of surgery averaged 61 min (range 20-175 min). The incidence of subtalar arthritis was correlated to the severity of fracture. Böhler's angle was restored in 70.1% (47 of 67) of the cases. On the last follow-up evaluation the average Zwipp score was 130 points (range 48-186 points). The majority (77.7%) of patients were content with their treatment result. The rate of significant complications was 6.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to open techniques the presented minimally invasive technique showed comparable results with a low rate of serious complications and is a viable alternative for the treatment of intraarticular, dislocated calcaneal fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, Göttingen, Germany. timwalde@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tim Alexander
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Walde
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degreif
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Walde
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001864:Bone Wires; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome