title: Racial disparity in the success and complications of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if race is associated with election to attempt vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC), VBAC success, and maternal morbidities associated with VBAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, multi-center cohort study was conducted of women with a history of at least one prior cesarean delivery. Data were obtained on maternal demographics, medical history, antepartum and intrapartum course, delivery mode, and maternal outcomes. This analysis examines the association between race and the choice to have VBAC and compares the rates of VBAC success and maternal morbidity, including uterine rupture, and a composite morbidity outcome (uterine rupture, bladder and bowel injury, and artery laceration) across race groups. Race was determined by patient self-report. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the independent association of race and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort included 25,005 patients with at least one prior cesarean delivery. In unadjusted and multivariable analysis, black patients were more likely to undertake a trial of labor than patients of other races, and slightly more likely to experience a failure of VBAC attempt. However, black women who attempt VBAC are 40% less likely to sustain a uterine rupture (0.6% compared with 1.1%) than other racial groups, even after adjusting for relevant potentially confounding variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite increased rates of VBAC attempt and VBAC failure among black women as compared with other racial groups, black women are significantly less likely to experience a uterine rupture. It is unclear whether this discrepancy in magnitudes of risks and benefits across race associated with VBAC trials is attributable to selection bias or inherent racial differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. cahilla@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Alison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stamilio
authors.forename: Anthony O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Odibo
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peipert
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Macones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011287:Prejudice; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014219:Trial of Labor; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014597:Uterine Rupture / Q000453:epidemiology; D016064:Vaginal Birth after Cesarean / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044465:White People