New technology in the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize recent literature on advances in technology pertaining to the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. The focus is commensurate with the areas of recent advances, i.e. flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Surgical simulators are also addressed, as technological advances are poised to reshape resident education.


RESULTS
Significant advances in ureteroscope technology are reviewed, focusing on digital optics, scope design and accessories. Early results of flexible robotics are summarized. Published experience with biologic hemostatic agents for percutaneous nephrolithotomy is discussed. Finally, we review recent publications and future prospects for surgical simulators.


CONCLUSIONS
New technology is significantly impacting the minimally invasive endourologic approach to stone disease. Instrument designs and accessories continue to evolve, allowing increasingly delicate maneuverability in confined spaces, with excellent stone clearance and enhanced safety.
Canes
David
D
Stevan B. Streem Center for Endourology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Desai
Mihir M
MM
D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D016544:Patient Simulation; D012371:Robotics; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*
D006490:Hemostatics