title: Prevalence of cerebral palsy in 8-year-old children in three areas of the United States in 2002: a multisite collaboration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy subtypes among children in 3 areas of the United States by using a population-based surveillance system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using methods developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, investigators from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network conducted surveillance of cerebral palsy among 8-year-old children living in northern Alabama, metropolitan Atlanta, and southeastern Wisconsin in 2002 (N = 114,897). Cross-sectional data were collected through retrospective record review from multiple sources. Cases were linked to birth certificate and census files to obtain additional information. Period prevalence estimates were calculated per 1000 children 8 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average prevalence of cerebral palsy across the 3 sites was 3.6 cases per 1000, with notably similar site-specific prevalence estimates (3.3 cases per 1000 in Wisconsin, 3.7 cases per 1000 in Alabama, and 3.8 cases per 1000 in Georgia). At all sites, prevalence was higher in boys than girls (overall boy/girl ratio: 1.4:1). Also, at all sites, the prevalence of cerebral palsy was highest in black non-Hispanic children and lowest in Hispanic children. At all sites, the prevalence among children living in low- and middle-income neighborhoods was higher than that among children living in high-income neighborhoods. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common subtype (77% of all cases), with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy dominating the spastic group (70%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings contribute new knowledge to the epidemiology of cerebral palsy in the United States. The similarities in prevalence rates and patterns of cerebral palsy reported for 8-year-old children at 3 geographically distinct sites provide evidence of the reliability of the surveillance methods used by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. mxy1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Marshalyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeargin-Allsopp
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Naarden Braun
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Doernberg
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Maureen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Durkin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000407:Alabama / Q000453:epidemiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology