title: Changing trends in the evaluation of ejection fraction in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extent of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important predictor of subsequent morbidity and mortality. It is unclear, however, how often ejection fraction (EF) findings are evaluated in the setting of AMI, and the characteristics of patients who do not have their EF evaluated, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine nearly 3 decade long trends (1975-2003) in the evaluation of EF in patients admitted with confirmed AMI (n = 12,760) to all greater Worcester (Massachusetts) hospitals during 14 annual periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of patients undergoing evaluation of EF before hospital discharge increased substantially between 1975 (4%) and 2003 (73%). Despite these encouraging trends, approximately one quarter of patients in our most recent study year did not receive an EF evaluation. In the mid-1970s through mid-1980s, radionuclide ventriculography was typically used to assess EF, whereas echocardiography was most often used to evaluate EF during more recent periods. Predictors of not undergoing an evaluation of cardiac function included older age, shorter length of hospital stay, code status limitations, dying during hospitalization, Medicare insurance, several comorbidities, and a recent non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this community-wide study suggest that a considerable proportion of patients with AMI fail to have their EF evaluated. Efforts remain needed to optimize the use of cardiac imaging studies and link the results of these studies to improved patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Santolucito
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tighe
authors.forename: Darleen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lessard
authors.forename: Rovshan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ismailov
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yarzebski
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*