title: Islet antigen specific IL-10+ immune responses but not CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells at diagnosis predict glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The immune phenotype of the partial remission phase or "honeymoon phase" of type 1 diabetes is not well defined. We compared flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISPOT assays in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and children in the partial remission phase of type 1 diabetes. Newly diagnosed children had higher levels of FoxP3 expression in CD4 CD25 double positive cells (56.1%+/-24.9 vs. 24.9%+/-24.6 p=0.03) and higher mean numbers of IL-10 producing cells (7.3 cells/2x10(5) cells+/-6.6 vs. 0.86 cells/2x10(5)+/-0.36 p=0.0043) compared to partial remission patients. Higher FoxP3 expression at diagnosis predicted worse future glycemic control while higher mean numbers of IL-10 cells were associated with better future glucose control. These data provide an immune phenotype of the honeymoon phase and suggest that analyzing IL-10 and FoxP3 at diagnosis may identify patients that will experience better glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Benaroya Research Institute and the University of Washington School of Medicine, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA. ssanda@benaroyaresearch.org
authors.forename: Srinath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanda
authors.forename: Bart O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Roep
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Herrath
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human