title: Alterations in autonomic tone during trauma exposure using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)--results of a preliminary investigation.
abstract: EMDR combines stimuli that evoke divided attention--e.g. eye movements--with exposure to traumatic memories. Our objective was to investigate psycho-physiological correlates of EMDR during treatment sessions. A total of 55 treatment sessions from 10 patients with PTSD was monitored applying impedance cardiography. Onset of every stimulation/exposure period (n=811) was marked and effects within and across stimulation sets on heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), pre-ejection period (PEP) and respiration rate were examined. At stimulation onsets a sharp increase of HRV and a significant decrease of HR was noticed indicating de-arousal. During ongoing stimulation, PEP and HRV decreased significantly while respiration rate significantly increased, indicating stress-related arousal. However, across entire sessions a significant decrease of psycho-physiological activity was noticed, evidenced by progressively decreasing HR and increasing HRV. These findings suggest that EMDR is associated with patterns of autonomic activity associated with substantial psycho-physiological de-arousal over time.
authors.affiliation: Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Technical University Munich, Langerstrasse 3, 81675 Munich, Germany. m.sack@tum.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lempa
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: Friedhelm
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamprecht
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002648:Child; D003887:Desensitization, Psychologic; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011603:Psychophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors