Immunoreactivity of antibodies against transglutaminase-deamidated gliadins in adult celiac disease.
BACKGROUND
The significance of the presence of anti-gliadin antibodies in patients affected by celiac disease is still unclear. It is hypothesized that gliadin deamidation, catalysed by transglutaminase, plays a role in favoring the antigen presentation.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the immunoreactivity of anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated celiac patients to transglutaminase deamidated gliadins.


METHODS
Gliadins from wheat flour underwent enzymatic digestion and were deamidated or cysteamine-transamidated by transglutaminase. Immunoreactivity of anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated adult celiac patients sera was evaluated by means of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.


RESULTS
Gliadin deamidation increased antibodies immunoreactivity from 25% to 50% while cysteamine incorporation into the gliadin peptides resulted in an immunoreactivity decrease.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased immunoreactivity of transglutaminase deamidated gliadins tested with anti-gliadin antibodies from untreated adult celiac patients supports the hypothesis of a pivotal role of gliadin deamidation in the pathomechanism of celiac disease.
Falini
Maria Letizia
ML
Department of Agrifood Molecular Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Elli
Luca
L
Caramanico
Rosita
R
Bardella
Maria Teresa
MT
Terrani
Claudia
C
Roncoroni
Leda
L
Doneda
Luisa
L
Forlani
Fabio
F
D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000378:metabolism; D003641:Deamination / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000906:Antibodies; D003543:Cysteamine; D005903:Gliadin; D011503:Transglutaminases