title: Usage of antihypertensive drugs and benzodiazepines to estimate apnea/hypopnea index in arterial hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep apnea is a very common condition, particularly in patients with arterial hypertension. A precise diagnosis, however, requires the performance of a sleep study. Clinical surrogate markers for significant apnea could be useful in guiding decisions to perform sleep studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three patients with treated arterial hypertension and body mass index (BMI) greater than 25, with a mean value of 30.7 +/- 3.7, were studied. The apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) obtained by sleep study was taken for further study, as were the values for blood pressure, BMI, and age. A combination drug score (DS) was calculated for each patient, with three different possible values: minus 1, zero, and plus one, based on the use of benzodiazepine drugs and on the number of anti-hypertensive drugs in use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of the combination drug score yielded mean AHI values of 13.4 +/- 12.6 (episodes/hour sleep; n = 19) for a minus one score, 15.0 +/- 14.1 (n = 29) for a score of zero, and 29.0 +/- 20.1 (n = 15; p < 0.05 versus the other two groups) for a score of plus one (this latter group consisting of patients not taking benzodiazepines and taking three or more antit-hypertensive drugs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with arterial hypertension and excessive weight, sleep apnea magnitude may be associated with a combination drug score based on the use of antihypertensive drugs and benzodiazepines. The DS now described is simple to calculate and may be added to other clinical information when making decisions on whether to proceed to sleep study.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal. jplnunes@med.up.pt
authors.forename: José Pedro L
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nunes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines