title: Are published standards for haematological indices in pregnancy applicable across populations: an evaluation in healthy pregnant Jamaican women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The haematological profile of the pregnant woman has an impact on the outcome of the pregnancy. Published guidelines indicate acceptable levels for haematological indices in pregnancy but they are population specific. Indicators of haemoglobin concentration are the most commonly utilized of the indices. These published international norms are used across populations, however, there is no evidence confirming their applicability to a population such as the Jamaican pregnant woman. This study was therefore undertaken with the intent of documenting the haematological profile of pregnant primigravid Jamaican women and comparing these to the established norms to determine whether the norms apply or whether there was a need to establish local norms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a longitudinal study done on a cohort of 157 healthy primigravid women ages 15 to 25 and without anaemia, and who were recruited from the antenatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. The haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, red blood cell count and platelet count were measured on samples of blood obtained from each consenting participant during each of the three trimesters. The results were analysed using SPSS for windows (Version 11) and the data expressed as means +/- S.D. Means were compared using the student's paired t-test. Comparison was then made with the international norms as recommended by the United States Center for Disease Control (1989). Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the University Hospital of the West Indies/University of the West Indies Ethics Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed changes by trimester in all measured variables. For most of the indices the changes achieved levels of significance across trimesters. These changes were however in keeping with the expected physiological response in pregnancy and the values were similar to the published international norms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that the international norms for haematological indices in pregnancy are applicable across populations and to the pregnant Jamaican primigravid woman. This finding may be reassuring to others with a similar population and stage of development as Jamaica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UWI, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies. tamjam2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tameika R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Harvey L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mullings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007563:Jamaica; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins