Active and passive smoking and depression among Japanese workers.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relation of passive and active smoking to depressive symptoms in 1839 men and 931 women working in a suburb of Tokyo in 2002.


METHODS
Self-reported smoking history and exposure to passive smoking (no, occasional, or regular) at work and at home. Depressive symptoms according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with a cut-off point of 16.


RESULTS
Compared to never smokers unexposed to passive smoking, never smokers reporting regular and occasional exposure to passive smoking at work had increased depressive symptoms. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 3.23) for regular exposure and 1.63 (95% CI 1.08, 2.47) for occasional exposure. Current smokers had significantly increased depressive symptoms (aOR ranging from 2.25 to 2.38) but former smokers had only marginal increases of depressive symptoms (aOR ranging from 1.43 to 1.55). Gender did not modify the effects of active/passive smoking on depressive symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
Passive smoking at work and current smoking appear associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms.
Nakata
Akinori
A
Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. cji5@cdc.gov
Takahashi
Masaya
M
Ikeda
Tomoko
T
Hojou
Minoru
M
Nigam
Jeannie A
JA
Swanson
Naomi G
NG
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014041:Tokyo / Q000453:epidemiology
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution