title: The COX-2 promoter polymorphism -765 G>C is associated with early-onset, conventional and stump gastric cancers.
abstract: COX-2 overexpression is known to be an important mechanism in gastric carcinogenesis. Previously we have found that early-onset gastric cancer has a unique COX-2 low-expressing phenotype that differs significantly from that of the frequent overexpression seen in conventional gastric cancers. To investigate whether the COX-2 -765 G>C promoter polymorphism (known to lead to a reduction of COX-2 promoter activity in the colon) may explain this difference in expression, we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 241 gastric cancers, including early-onset gastric cancer, conventional gastric cancers and gastric stump cancers, as well as in 100 control patients, using real-time PCR and sequence analysis, and correlated these findings with COX-2 expression using immunohistochemistry. We found that the C allele was present in 30% of early-onset gastric cancers, 24% of conventional gastric cancer, 23% of stump cancers, in contrast to 41% in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the presence of the C allele in patients with gastric cancer compared with the control group (P=0.007), with the C allele being associated with protection against gastric cancer. However, there was no significant difference between the early-onset, conventional and stump gastric cancer groups. Interestingly, there was no correlation between the presence of the C allele and a difference in COX-2 expression. In summary, we show that the COX-2 -765 G allele promoter polymorphism is significantly associated with gastric cancer when compared with the normal control group, but does not appear to be related directly to COX-2 expression pattern in gastric cancer. Although early-onset gastric cancers appear to have a unique COX-2 expression pattern when compared with conventional gastric cancer, the exact mechanism by which this occurs is yet to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sitarz
authors.forename: Roos J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leguit
authors.forename: Wendy W J
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Leng
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Folkert M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Morsink
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.forename: G Johan A
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: Anya N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Milne
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017668:Age of Onset; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2