title: Additive effects of PI3-kinase and MAPK activities on NB4 cell granulocyte differentiation: potential role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) the chromosome translocation t(15;17) resulting in the PML-RAR alpha fusion protein is responsible for a blockage of myeloid differentiation. In this study we investigated the expression of different Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) isoforms during granulocyte differentiation of NB4 cells induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cisRA) or retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  NB4 cells were analysed for their ability to differentiate into granulocytic lineage by the use of ATRA, 9cisRA or RAR agonists. Expression of signalling proteins was investigated by western blot and real-time PCR. PI3K activity was determined by in vitro kinase assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-treatment of NB4 cells with either LY294002 to inhibit PI3Ks or PD98059 in order to suppress MEK activity led to significant reduction of CD11b surface expression during ATRA, 9cisRA or the RAR alpha agonist Ro40-6055 dependent NB4 cells granulocyte differentiation. We also show that only the G-protein coupled receptor activated PI3Kgamma isoform demonstrates up-regulated protein and mRNA expression during myeloid differentiation of NB4 cells via RAR alpha and RAR beta-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, activation of MAPK cascade including phosphorylation of MEK increases during retinoid induced differentiation of NB4 cells. Interestingly, protein kinase assays of immunoprecipitated PI3Kgamma revealed a protein of about 50 kDa that is phosphorylated when NB4 cells were treated with the RAR alpha agonist Ro40-6055.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, our data suggest additive effects of PI3K and MAPK activity on ATRA-dependent NB4 cells granulocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Faculty at Friedrich Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, 07740, Jena, Germany. sebastian.scholl@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: Tzvetanka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bondeva
authors.forename: Yuantao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höffken
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wetzker
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D014212:Tretinoin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; C546760:PIK3CG protein, human; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases