title: A prospective, randomized study: switch off the sacral nerve stimulator during the night?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sacral nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence. Some have recommended to "switch off" the pacemaker during the night to extend the lifetime of the expensive pacemaker. This study was designed to investigate whether a nightly "switch off" affects the clinical results of sacral nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients successfully treated with sacral nerve stimulation (19 females; median age, 59 (range, 36-72) years) were randomized to: Group A, pacemaker continuously "on" for three weeks followed by three weeks with the pacemaker "off" during the night, or Group B, opposite order. Daily bowel-habit diary, Wexner, and St. Mark's incontinence scores were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One failed to return the daily bowel-habit diary, leaving 19 participating patients. Median Wexner incontinence score increased from 6 (range, 2-14) to 7 (range, 3-16) during the "off" period (P = 0.04), whereas St. Mark's incontinence score increased from 10 (range, 3-16) to 11 (range, 3-18; P = 0.03). Median number of days with soiling per three weeks increased from 0 (range, 0-12) to 1 (range, 0-15) during the "off" period (P = 0.008). Seven of 19 had more days with soiling during the "off" period. Defecation frequency per three weeks increased from 26 (range, 11-71) to 34 (range, 9-70) during the "off" period (P = 0.19). Only four continued with a nightly "switch off" after the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be considered to recommend compliant patients to "switch off" the pacemaker during the night to extend the lifetime of the pacemaker. One-third experienced increased soiling, and they should turn the pacemaker on all day and night. Among the remaining, only a minor proportion will be motivated for turning the pacemaker off.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery P, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus C, Denmark. hbn@mail.tele.dk
authors.forename: Hanne B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Steen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buntzen
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome