Upregulation of PD-L1 on monocytes and dendritic cells by HIV-1 derived TLR ligands.
Increased PD-L1 expression has been reported in HIV-1-infected individuals, but the mechanisms leading to PD-L1 upregulation remain to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1-derived Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/8 ligands can induce MyD88-dependent upregulation of PD-L1 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloidic dendritic cells and monocytes. These data suggest a mechanism through which HIV-1-derived TLR ligands might contribute to the functional impairment of virus-specific PD-1-positive T cells by inducing the upregulation of PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells.
Meier
Angela
A
Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Bagchi
Aranya
A
Sidhu
Harlyn K
HK
Alter
Galit
G
Suscovich
Todd J
TJ
Kavanagh
Daniel G
DG
Streeck
Hendrik
H
Brockman
Mark A
MA
LeGall
Sylvie
S
Hellman
Judith
J
Altfeld
Marcus
M
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors