title: Neuropathy target esterase gene mutations cause motor neuron disease.
abstract: The possibility that organophosphorus (OP) compounds contribute to motor neuron disease (MND) is supported by association of paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the occurrence of MND in OP compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), in which neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is inhibited by organophosphorylation. We evaluated a consanguineous kindred and a genetically unrelated nonconsanguineous kindred in which affected subjects exhibited progressive spastic paraplegia and distal muscle wasting. Affected subjects resembled those with OPIDN and those with Troyer Syndrome due to SPG20/spartin gene mutation (excluded by genetic linkage and SPG20/spartin sequence analysis). Genome-wide analysis suggested linkage to a 22 cM homozygous locus (D19S565 to D19S884, maximum multipoint LOD score 3.28) on chromosome 19p13 to which NTE had been mapped (GenBank AJ004832). NTE was a candidate because of its role in OPIDN and the similarity of our patients to those with OPIDN. Affected subjects in the consanguineous kindred were homozygous for disease-specific NTE mutation c.3034A-->G that disrupted an interspecies conserved residue (M1012V) in NTE's catalytic domain. Affected subjects in the nonconsanguineous family were compound heterozygotes: one allele had c.2669G-->A mutation, which disrupts an interspecies conserved residue in NTE's catalytic domain (R890H), and the other allele had an insertion (c.2946_2947insCAGC) causing frameshift and protein truncation (p.S982fs1019). Disease-specific, nonconserved NTE mutations in unrelated MND patients indicates NTE's importance in maintaining axonal integrity, raises the possibility that NTE pathway disturbances contribute to other MNDs including ALS, and supports the role of NTE abnormalities in axonopathy produced by neuropathic OP compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rainier
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tokarz
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Rudy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Nori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsunami
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coon
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leppert
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree
chemical_list: D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase