title: Affective neuroscience of pleasure: reward in humans and animals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleasure and reward are generated by brain circuits that are largely shared between humans and other animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we survey some fundamental topics regarding pleasure mechanisms and explicitly compare humans and animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topics surveyed include liking, wanting, and learning components of reward; brain coding versus brain causing of reward; subjective pleasure versus objective hedonic reactions; roles of orbitofrontal cortex and related cortex regions; subcortical hedonic hotspots for pleasure generation; reappraisals of dopamine and pleasure-electrode controversies; and the relation of pleasure to happiness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. berridge@umich.edu
authors.forename: Kent C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Berridge
authors.forename: Morten L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kringelbach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D015984:Causality; D003243:Consciousness; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation; D012201:Reward; D013045:Species Specificity