Increased spermine oxidase expression in human prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissues.
BACKGROUND
Inflammation has been strongly implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but the precise molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and carcinogenic DNA damage are not known. Induction of the polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermine oxidase (SMO) has been linked to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in human gastric and lung epithelial cells and suggest direct mechanistic links between inflammation, SMO activity, ROS production, and epithelial carcinogenesis that are likely relevant in prostate cancer.


METHODS
Tissue microarrays consisting of matched normal and diseased specimens from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), or proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), as well as unaffected individuals, were stained for SMO expression and analyzed using image analysis techniques and TMAJ software tools.


RESULTS
Average SMO staining was significantly higher in prostate cancer and PIN tissues compared to patient-matched benign tissues. Benign tissues from prostate cancer, PIN, and PIA patients also exhibited significantly higher mean SMO expression versus tissues from prostate disease-free patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Tissues from patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and PIN exhibit, on average, locally increased SMO expression in regions of prostatic disease and higher overall SMO expression in prostatic epithelial cells compared to healthy individuals. Further studies are warranted to directly examine the role of SMO-produced ROS in prostate carcinogenesis.
Goodwin
Andrew C
AC
Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
Jadallah
Sana
S
Toubaji
Antoun
A
Lecksell
Kristen
K
Hicks
Jessica L
JL
Kowalski
Jeanne
J
Bova
G Steven
GS
De Marzo
Angelo M
AM
Netto
George J
GJ
Casero
Robert A
RA
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; D000097667:Polyamine Oxidase