title: Discovery of agents that eradicate leukemia stem cells using an in silico screen of public gene expression data.
abstract: Increasing evidence indicates that malignant stem cells are important for the pathogenesis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and represent a reservoir of cells that drive the development of AML and relapse. Therefore, new treatment regimens are necessary to prevent relapse and improve therapeutic outcomes. Previous studies have shown that the sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide (PTL), ablates bulk, progenitor, and stem AML cells while causing no appreciable toxicity to normal hematopoietic cells. Thus, PTL must evoke cellular responses capable of mediating AML selective cell death. Given recent advances in chemical genomics such as gene expression-based high-throughput screening (GE-HTS) and the Connectivity Map, we hypothesized that the gene expression signature resulting from treatment of primary AML with PTL could be used to search for similar signatures in publicly available gene expression profiles deposited into the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We therefore devised a broad in silico screen of the GEO database using the PTL gene expression signature as a template and discovered 2 new agents, celastrol and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, that effectively eradicate AML at the bulk, progenitor, and stem cell level. These findings suggest the use of multicenter collections of high-throughput data to facilitate discovery of leukemia drugs and drug targets.
authors.affiliation: James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Duane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hassane
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: Xiaojie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abboud
authors.forename: Fay
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liesveld
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Craig T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015973:Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; C002669:parthenolide; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; C050414:celastrol