title: Glenoid fossa position in Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the position of the glenoid fossa in subjects with Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion and normal mandibular size in the mixed dentition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 30 subjects (16 male, 14 female), age 9 years +/- 6 months, with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion, normal skeletal vertical relationships, and normal mandibular dimensions, was compared with a matched group of 37 subjects (18 male, 19 female) with skeletal and dental Class I relationships. The comparisons between the Class II group and the control group on the cephalometric measures for the assessment of glenoid fossa position were performed by means of a nonparametric test for independent samples (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < .05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with Class II malocclusion presented with a significantly more distal position of the glenoid fossa, when compared with the control group as measured by means of three parameters (GF-S on FH, GF-Ptm on FH, and GF-FMN).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A posteriorly displaced glenoid fossa is a possible diagnostic feature of Class II malocclusion associated with mandibular retrusion. An effective cephalometric measurement to evaluate glenoid fossa position is the distance from the glenoid fossa to the frontomaxillonasal suture (GF-FMN).
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giuntini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Toffol
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D010159:Palate / Q000473:pathology; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000473:pathology*; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000473:pathology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension