title: Acupuncture for treatment of persistent arm pain due to repetitive use: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare true and sham acupuncture in their abilities to relieve arm pain and improve arm function in individuals with arm pain due to repetitive use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with persistent arm pain (N=123) were randomly assigned to true or sham acupuncture groups and received 8 treatments over 4 weeks. The primary outcome was intensity of pain (10-point scale) and secondary outcomes were arm symptoms, arm function, and grip strength. Outcomes were measured during treatment (at 2 and 4 wk) and 1 month after treatment ended.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arm pain scores improved in both groups during the treatment period, but improvements were significantly greater in the sham group than in the true acupuncture group. This difference disappeared by 1 month after treatment ended. The true acupuncture group experienced more side effects, predominantly mild pain at time of treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sham acupuncture reduced arm pain more than true acupuncture during treatment, but the difference did not persist after 1 month. Mild side effects from true acupuncture may have blunted any positive treatment effects. Overall, this study did not find evidence to support the effectiveness of true acupuncture in treatment of persistent arm pain due to repetitive use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, UK. rgoldman@challiance.org
authors.forename: Rose H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stason
authors.forename: Sung Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Rokho
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rosa N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Schnyer
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Anna T R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Legedza
authors.forename: Ted J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kaptchuk
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000473:pathology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome