title: Adjuvant intraarterial injection of 131I-labeled lipiodol after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: progress report of a case-control study with a 5-year minimal follow-up.
abstract: Recurrences after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma are frequent. A single postoperative injection of (131)I-labeled lipiodol in the hepatic artery was shown in 1999 by Lau and colleagues to be an effective adjuvant treatment, and those results were strengthened by our experience with a case-control study, reported in 2003. The goal of this paper is to update the 2003 results for a minimal follow-up of 5 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1999 and September 2001, 38 patients were given an adjuvant postoperative intraarterial injection of (131)I-lipiodol and were matched (for Okuda group and tumor size) with 38 patients who had undergone resection between January 1997 and January 1999 without postoperative treatment. The 2 groups were similar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 28 recurrences in the control group and 22 in the (131)I-lipiodol group (not statistically significant), and the mean time of recurrence was 21 and 26.5 mo, respectively, after surgery (statistically significant). The number of recurrences was lower in the first 2 y in the (131)I-lipiodol group (statistically significant). Disease-free survival was better (P < 0.03) in the (131)I-lipiodol group than in the control group (2-, 3-, and 5-y rates [+/-95% confidence interval] of 77% +/- 7%, 63% +/- 8%, and 42% +/- 8.5%, respectively, for the (131)I-lipiodol group vs. 47% +/- 8%, 34% +/- 8%, and 27% +/- 8%, respectively, for the control group). Overall survival did not differ between the 2 groups (P = 0.09), even though there was a trend toward better survival in the (131)I-lipiodol group (2-, 3-, and 5-y rates of 76% +/- 7%, 68% +/- 7.5%, and 51% +/- 9%, respectively, vs. 68% +/- 7.5%, 53% +/- 8%, and 39% +/- 8%, respectively, in the control group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With a longer follow-up, the results of this retrospective case-control study still favor a single postoperative injection of (131)I-lipiodol. These retrospective findings point out the need for a large-scale, prospective, randomized study.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France. boucher@rennes.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bouguen
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garin
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillygomarch
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boudjema
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Raoul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D007459:Iodized Oil