title: Histologic changes in eustachian tube mucosa of rats after exposure to gastric reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reflux is thought to be a risk factor for middle ear disease, but the mechanism underlying this relationship is unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of reflux on the eustachian tube (ET) mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two healthy 150 to 220 g Wistar rats with normal middle ears were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to exposure time: 1-, 3-, and 12-week exposures. Four rats were used as a control group. An experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux was induced under general anesthesia. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed, and cross sections of the ETs were prepared. The histologic changes in the ET mucosa were observed under a light microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The density of goblet cells, numbers of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and eosinophils, subepithelial edema, subepithelial vasodilatation, subepithelial gland formation, and intraepithelial gland formation were compared among the groups. The goblet cell density and numbers of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were significantly higher in the three exposure groups compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasopharyngeal exposure to experimental reflux alters the ET mucosa histopathology, which suggests that gastroesophageal reflux has a role in ET dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. minealmaz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahide Mine
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Cuneyd
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uneri
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Midi
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tugtepe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar