title: Improved multiplex-PCR and microarray for herpesvirus detection from CSF.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A multiplex-PCR and microarray-based method was designed for detection of eight herpesviruses from clinical specimens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve the method, especially for detection of herpes simplex (HSV) and varicella-zoster viruses (VZV), and to update and validate the method using positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new primer pair for HSV-PCR and four detection oligonucleotides for HSVs were designed. Two new detection oligonucleotides for VZV and additional oligonucleotides for CMV, EBV, HHV-6 and -7 were designed. The new and previous multiplex-PCR and microarray method were tested in parallel with dilution series of commercial herpesvirus DNAs and 20 CSF specimens positive for HSV-1, HSV-2, or VZV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  New method was more sensitive for detection of HSVs and both two new detection oligonucleotides for VZV functioned well at low levels of viral DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The revised HSV-PCR and new HSV- and VZV-oligonucleotides were found to function well and be more sensitive, thereby increasing reliability of the method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. anne.jaaskelainen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jääskeläinen
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piiparinen
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaheri
mesh_terms: D020805:Central Nervous System Viral Diseases / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral