title: Endovascular treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas: review of 12 cases.
abstract: Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are an uncommon pathology in current neurosurgical practice. Furthermore, they generally present a challenge to the neurosurgeon because of both their deep location and the major neurovascular structures that surround them. CCFs consist of a vascular anomaly in which blood flows from meningeal branches of the internal and external carotid arteries, or directly from the internal carotid artery, into the venous circulation around and in the cavernous sinus. Twelve patients with direct and indirect/dural CCFs who underwent examination and treatment between July 2003 and February 2006 are reported here. All patients of this retrospective evaluation were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis, which was confirmed by cerebral angiography. The patients were treated by endovascular approaches and the CCFs were occluded. From our evaluation, we concluded that the endovascular procedure is safe, effective and minimally invasive in patients with CCF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Força Aérea do Galeão, HFAG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: S B P
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lázaro
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: C M P
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Landeiro
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives