title: Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage.
abstract: In the United States stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability. Brain injury following stroke results from the complex interplay of multiple pathways including excitotoxicity, acidotoxicity, ionic imbalance, peri-infarct depolarization, oxidative and nitrative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. There are very few treatments for stroke and the development of new treatments requires a comprehensive understanding of the diverse mechanisms of ischemic brain damage that are responsible for neuronal death. Here, we discuss the underlying pathophysiology of this devastating disease and reveal the intertwined pathways that are the target of therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Kristian P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Roger P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stenzel-Poore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species