title: Healthy lifestyle behaviour decreasing risks of being bullied, violence and injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bullying and violence are problems of aggression in schools among adolescents. Basic daily healthy practices including nutritious diet, hygiene and physical activity are common approaches in comprehensive health promotion programs in school settings, however thier relationship to these aggressive behaviours is vague. We attempted to show the advantages of these healthy lifestyle behaviours in 9 developing countries by examining the association with being frequently bullied, violence and injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cross-sectional cross-national survey of 9 countries using the WHO Global School Based Student Health Survey dataset was used. Measurements included experiences of "being frequently bullied" in the preceding 30 days and violence/injury in the past 12 months. Association of risk behaviours (smoking, alcohol, sexual behaviour) and healthy lifestyle (nutrition, hygiene practices, physical activity) to being bullied, and violence/injury were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Hygiene behaviour showed lower risks of being frequently bullied [male: RR = 0.7 (97.5CI: 0.5, 0.9); female: RR = 0.6 (0.5, 0.8)], and lower risk of experiences of violence/injury [RR = 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) for males], after controlling for risk behaviours, age, education, poverty, and country.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy lifestyle showed an association to decreased relative risk of being frequently bullied and violence/injury in developing countries. A comprehensive approach to risk and health promoting behaviours reducing bullying and violence is encouraged at school settings.
authors.affiliation: International Health Section Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Amelia R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Turagabeci
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression; D001519:Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services / Q000592:standards; D012574:Schools / Q000592:standards*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control