title: Binge drinking in pregnancy and risk of fetal death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the frequency and timing of binge drinking episodes (intake of five or more drinks on one occasion) during the first 16 weeks of pregnancy increase the risk of fetal death.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based upon data from 89,201 women who were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 1996 to 2002 and participated in an interview that took place in midpregnancy (n=86,752) or after a fetal loss (n=2,449). In total, 3,714 pregnancies resulted in fetal death. Data were analyzed by means of Cox regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the frequency nor the timing of binge episodes was related to the risk of early (at or before 12 completed weeks) or late (13-21 completed weeks) spontaneous abortion. However, three or more binge episodes showed an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.01-2.40) for stillbirth (22 or more completed weeks) relative to nonbinge drinkers. Women with an average intake of three or more drinks per week and two or more binge drinking episodes had a hazard ratio of 2.20 (95% confidence interval 1.73-2.80) compared with women with no average intake and no binge drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Binge drinking three or more times during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, but neither frequency nor timing of binge drinking was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in clinically recognized pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Alcohol Research, National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. kal@niph.dk
authors.forename: Katrine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strandberg-Larsen
authors.forename: Naja Rod
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grønbaek
authors.forename: Per Kragh
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Anne-Marie Nybo
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol