title: Role of TNF-alpha and extracellular ATP in THP-1 cell activation following allergen exposure.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs), including Langerhans cells (LCs), play a critical role in the induction phase of allergic contact hypersensitivity. Following exposure to chemical allergens in the skin, LCs undergo a maturation process leading to the up-regulation of expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as CD86, CD54 and CD40. Our previous study revealed that chemical allergens induce phenotype alterations (e.g., CD86, CD54 and CD40) and cytokine production (TNF-alpha and IL-8) in THP-1 cells that possibly reflect the maturation of dendritic cells during skin sensitization. However, the physiological signals for phenotypic alterations by chemical allergens are still not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of TNF-alpha and extracellular ATP on THP-1 cell activation induced by chemical allergens. Kinetic studies revealed that TNF-alpha and IL-8 release occurred in a time-dependent manner with release of two cytokines beginning at 3 hr post-exposure to well-known haptens, DNCB and NiSO(4). While recombinant human TNF-alpha augmented CD54 and CD40 expression in a dose-dependent manner, rhTNF-alpha did not increase CD86 expression. Furthermore, neutralization of TNF-alpha activity strongly inhibited CD54 and CD40 expression induced by allergens. On the contrary, extracellular ATP induced the up-regulation of both CD86 and CD54 expression. In the presence of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, the up-regulation of CD86 and CD54 expression by allergens was in part suppressed. Therefore, we postulate that not only TNF-alpha but also extracellular ATP may contribute to cell activation following allergen stimulation, which might reflect the mechanism by which DCs respond to allergens.
authors.affiliation: Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research Laboratories, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, Japan. miyazawa.masaaki@kao.co.jp
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nukada
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006241:Haptens / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D010641:Phenotype; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D006241:Haptens; D016209:Interleukin-8; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013498:Suramin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate