title: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, olmesartan, restores nocturnal blood pressure decline by enhancing daytime natriuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have shown that as renal function deteriorated, night-time fall in both blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion were diminished. We have also reported that sodium intake restriction and diuretics both normalized circadian blood pressure rhythm from nondipper to dipper patterns. In this study, we investigated whether an angiotensin II receptor blocker, olmesartan, could restore night-time blood pressure fall.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with chronic kidney disease (13 men, seven women; mean age 44.8 +/- 18.1 years; BMI 22.9 +/- 3.5 kg/m2) were studied. At baseline and 8 weeks after the treatment with olmesartan medoxomil (10-40 mg/day), 24-h blood pressure monitoring and urinary sampling for both daytime (0600-2100 h) and night-time (2100-0600 h) were repeated to compare the circadian rhythms of blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-h mean arterial pressure was lowered by olmesartan, while urinary sodium excretion remained unchanged. On the other hand, daytime urinary sodium excretion was increased from 4.8 +/- 2.2 to 5.7 +/- 2.1 mmol/h, while night-time urinary sodium excretion tended to be reduced from 3.9 +/- 1.7 to 3.4 +/- 1.6 mmol/h. Night/day ratios of mean arterial pressure (0.98 +/- 0.1 to 0.91 +/- 0.08; P = 0.01) and urinary sodium excretion (0.93 +/- 0.5 to 0.68 +/- 0.4; P = 0.0006) were both decreased. Olmesartan enhanced night-time falls more in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.77; r2 = 0.59; P < 0.0001) and urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.59; r2 = 0.34; P = 0.007), especially in patients whose baseline night-time falls were more diminished.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that olmesartan could restore night-time blood pressure fall, as seen with diuretics and sodium restriction, possibly by enhancing daytime sodium excretion. Since nocturnal blood pressure is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events, olmesartan could relieve cardiorenal load through normalization of circadian blood pressure rhythm besides having powerful ability to block the renin-angiotensin system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Hypertension, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. m-fukuda@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Tamaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motokawa
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Sota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Takae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Genjiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D007093:Imidazoles; D013777:Tetrazoles; C437965:olmesartan; D012964:Sodium