title: Analysis of radiocarpal and midcarpal motion in stable and unstable rheumatoid wrists using 3-dimensional computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The kinematic evaluation of carpal motion, especially midcarpal motion, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been extremely difficult because of limited imaging techniques previously available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of radiocarpal and midcarpal motion in the flexion-extension plane in both stable and unstable rheumatoid wrists using three-dimensional computed tomography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We acquired in vivo kinematic data on 30 wrists with RA by three-dimensional computed tomography with the wrist in 3 positions: neutral, maximum flexion, and maximum extension. All cases were radiographically classified into 1 of 2 subtypes, the stable form or unstable form, according to the classification by Flury et al. We evaluated the precise range of radiocarpal and midcarpal motion using a markerless bone registration technique and calculated the individual contributions to the total amount of wrist motion in the flexion-extension plane in the different radiographic subtypes of RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average range of motion of radiocarpal and midcarpal joint was 27 degrees +/-15 and 32 degrees +/-17, respectively. The average contribution of midcarpal motion to the total amount of wrist motion was 54%. The average contribution of midcarpal motion in the unstable form was 67%, which was significantly higher than 47% (p< .05) in the stable form.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midcarpal motion of rheumatoid wrists in the flexion-extension plane was better preserved than previously thought. The contribution of midcarpal motion to the total amount of wrist motion was significantly greater (p< .05) in the unstable form than in the stable form of RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan. sayu@df6.so-net.jp
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arimitsu
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamoto
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moritomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology