title: The impact of elbow and knee joint lesions on abnormal gait and posture of sows.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Joint lesions occur widespread in the Danish sow population and they are the most frequent cause for euthanasia. Clinically, it is generally impossible to differentiate between various types of non-inflammatory joint lesions. Consequently, it is often necessary to perform a post mortem examination in order to diagnose these lesions. A study was performed in order to examine the relation of abnormal gait and posture in sows with specific joint lesions, and thereby obtaining a clinical diagnostic tool, to be used by farmers and veterinarians for the evaluation of sows with joint problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gait, posture and lesions in elbow- and knee joints of 60 randomly selected sows from one herd were scored clinically and pathologically. Associations between the scorings were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variables 'fore- and hind legs turned out' and 'stiff in front and rear' were associated with lesions in the elbow joint, and the variables 'hind legs turned out' and 'stiff in rear' were associated with lesions in the knee joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was shown that specified gait and posture variables reflected certain joint lesions. However, further studies are needed to strengthen and optimize the diagnostic tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. rkki@novonordisk.com
authors.forename: Rikke K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Henrik E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000503:physiopathology; D005684:Gait; D006811:Humerus / Q000503:physiopathology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011884:Radius / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014457:Ulna / Q000503:physiopathology