title: Biological and genetic interaction between tenascin C and neuropeptide S receptor 1 in allergic diseases.
abstract: Neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1, GPRA 154, GPRA) has been verified as a susceptibility gene for asthma and related phenotypes. The ligand for NPSR1, Neuropeptide S (NPS), activates signalling through NPSR1 and microarray analysis has identified Tenascin C (TNC) as a target gene of NPS-NPSR1 signalling. TNC has previously been implicated as a risk gene for asthma. We aimed therefore to study the genetic association of TNC in asthma- and allergy-related disorders as well as the biological and genetic interactions between NPSR1 and TNC. Regulation of TNC was investigated using NPS stimulated NPSR1 transfected cells. We genotyped 12 TNC SNPs in the cross-sectional PARSIFAL study (3113 children) and performed single SNP association, haplotype association and TNC and NPSR1 gene-gene interaction analyses. Our experimental results show NPS-dependent upregulation of TNC-mRNA. The genotyping results indicate single SNP and haplotype associations for several SNPs in TNC with the most significant association to rhinoconjunctivitis for a haplotype, with a frequency of 29% in cases (P = 0.0005). In asthma and atopic sensitization significant gene-gene interactions were found between TNC and NPSR1 SNPs, indicating that depending on the NPSR1 genotype, TNC can be associated with either an increased or a decreased risk of disease. We conclude that variations in TNC modifies, not only risk for asthma, but also for rhinoconjunctivitis. Furthermore, we show epistasis based on both a direct suggested regulatory effect and a genetic interaction between NPSR1 and TNC. These results suggest merging of previously independent pathways of importance in the development of asthma- and allergy-related traits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orsmark-Pietras
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melén
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendelin
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Lauri A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Laitinen
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lauener
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riedler
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: von Mutius
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Doekes
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wickman
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Hage
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pershagen
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheynius
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kere
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000235:genetics; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000235:genetics; D019063:Tenascin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C484532:NPSR1 protein, human; D009479:Neuropeptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D019063:Tenascin; C506531:neuropeptide S, human