title: A prospective randomized double-blind study to determine the effect of thoracic epidural neostigmine on postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative ileus is a major gastrointestinal complication of abdominal aortic surgery leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, longer lengths of hospital stay, and higher costs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of epidurally administered neostigmine on postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 45 patients who were scheduled for elective abdominal aortic surgery at our institution. All patients received identical general and epidural anesthesia. Before the induction of general anesthesia, an epidural catheter was placed at the T7-T8 intervertebral space, and 20 mL bupivacaine (0.5%) was injected over 15 min. Patients were randomized into two groups. Patients received a 5 mL bolus of neostigmine (1 microg/kg) diluted with normal saline (Group 1) or a 5 mL bolus of normal saline (Group 2) via an epidural catheter at the end of surgery and 8 h postoperatively. Times of bowel sounds were recorded postoperatively in the intensive care unit. Times of daily passage of flatus and defecation also were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Times to the first bowel sounds and the first flatus were significantly shorter in Group 1 than they were in Group 2 (11.6 +/- 11.2 h vs 22.6 +/- 12.8 h and 21.8 +/- 15.6 h vs 36.6 +/- 19.1 h, respectively, P < 0.05). The times to first defecation were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Nausea was more frequent in patients in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracic epidural neostigmine enables faster restoration of bowel sounds and shortens duration of postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dadaloglu Mahallesi, 39.sokak, No: 36, Yüregir 01250 Adana, Turkey. esra_ertr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Ayda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Nesrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bozdogan
authors.forename: Oner
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gulcan
authors.forename: Riza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turkoz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence / Q000139:chemically induced; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009388:Neostigmine; D002045:Bupivacaine