title: Different lingual retainer composites and the microleakage between enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess microleakage of enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces when retainer wires were bonded with two orthodontic and a flowable composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five freshly extracted human mandibular canine teeth were used in this study. Teeth were separated into three groups of 15 teeth each. Round stainless-steel wire of 0.36-in. diameter in three groups was bonded to enamel by Transbond XT (3M Unitek), Transbond LR (3M Unitek), and Venus Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) composites. Specimens were further sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsine for 24 hours, sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope, and scored for microleakage for the enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces from mesial and distal margins. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Little or no microleakage was determined at the mesial and distal sides for three composites in two different interfaces, and these findings were not statistically significant (P > .05). No statistically significant differences were observed among all composite groups for the microleakage with either of the interfaces. Venus Flow in the enamel-composite interface and Transbond LR in the wire-composite interface exhibited no microleakage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of wire in the mesial portion of the lingual retainer did not increase the microleakage at the enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces in all groups. The microleakage results in this study support the use of all these composites in routine orthodontic practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. tancanuysal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tancan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulker
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baysal
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usumez
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018704:Orthodontic Retainers; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D019279:Resin Cements; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C481385:Transbond LR; C477790:Transbond XT; C488393:Venus (composite resin); C115612:single bond; D013193:Stainless Steel; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C025485:basic fuchsin