title: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with sitagliptin (MK0431) prolongs islet graft survival in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have been introduced as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. They partially act by blocking degradation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), thus increasing circulating levels of active hormones. In addition to their insulinotropic actions, GLP-1 and GIP also promote beta-cell proliferation and survival, and DPP-IV inhibitors exert similar effects in rodent type 2 diabetes models. The study objective was to establish whether DPP-IV inhibitor treatment prolonged survival of transplanted islets and to determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) was appropriate for quantifying the effect of inhibition on islet mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor MK0431 (sitagliptin) on glycemic control and functional islet mass in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mouse model were determined with metabolic studies and microPET imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The type 1 diabetes mouse model exhibited elevated plasma DPP-IV levels that were substantially inhibited in mice on an MK0431 diet. Residual beta-cell mass was extremely low in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and although active GLP-1 levels were increased by the MK0431 diet, there were no significant effects on glycemic control. After islet transplantation, mice fed normal diet rapidly lost their ability to regulate blood glucose, reflecting the suboptimal islet transplant. By contrast, the MK0431 group fully regulated blood glucose throughout the study, and PET imaging demonstrated a profound protective effect of MK0431 on islet graft size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with a DPP-IV inhibitor can prolong islet graft retention in an animal model of type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cuilan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nian
authors.forename: Doris J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Doudet
authors.forename: Christopher H S
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011719:Pyrazines; D014230:Triazoles; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate