title: Intracranial haemorrhage possibly related to Tipranavir in an HIV-1 patient with cryptococcal meningitis.
abstract: A 55-year-old HIV-infected patient on antiretroviral treatment with Ritonavir-boosted Tipranavir as part of HAART developed intracranial haemorrhage during the acute phase of cryptococcal meningitis. CT scan and MRI confirmed the intracranial haemorrhage. Positive cryptococcal antigen and cultures of both blood and CSF confirmed the diagnosis of meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. There was no evidence of any bleeding disorder, use of aspirin or antiplatelet agents. The patient was treated with Liposomal Amphotericin B for cryptococcal meningitis. No special treatment was needed for the intracranial haemorrhage, but Tipranavir was discontinued and replaced by Kaletra and Saquinavir. Intracranial haemorrhage could be related to Tipranavir and cryptococcal meningitis was a predisposing factor. Headache stopped 3 days after starting antifungal treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intracranial haemorrhage related to Tipranavir treatment after the end of the "RESIST" studies and the only one related to meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Tzaneion General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece. gchrysos@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chrysos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerakari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stasini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokkoris
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kourousis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velegraki
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015984:Causality; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011753:Pyrones; D013449:Sulfonamides; C107201:tipranavir