title: Assessment of the relationship between the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs and the risk of bone fracture and vascular disease in 80-year-olds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs in 80-year-old subjects to predict bone fracture and vascular disease risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cortical width and shape (normal cortex, mildly to moderately eroded cortex, and severely eroded cortex) were evaluated on 659 panoramic radiographs obtained from 262 men and 397 women, all of whom were 80 years old. At baseline, a general medical examination, including heel bone density, was performed in all subjects. Fractures and vascular disease occurring within 5 years after the baseline examination were determined in 191 subjects and in 108 subjects who died within 5 years after the baseline examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations between heel bone density and cortical width (r = 0.435, P < .001) and shape (r = 0.231, P < .001). However, cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs were not significantly associated with the occurrence of fractures and vascular disease within 5 years after the baseline examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the elderly, cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs may be associated with bone mineral density and physical activity, but they are not useful markers for the subsequent occurrence of fractures and vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan.
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ansai
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Tatsurou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kito
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakasugi-Sato
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awano
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Tadamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takehara
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*