title: Primary simultaneous lip and nose repair in the unilateral cleft lip and palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  "Do not touch the nose in primary repair of the unilateral cleft lip and palate!" In the past, this dogmatic attitude caused functional and aesthetic (psychological) problems for the child until secondary corrections during adolescence were performed. In the 1950s, surgeons started to correct at least a few features of the nasal deformity and to develop radically corrective measures. Since 1970, a new and very comprehensive concept of correction has been used at the authors' department of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods of primary nasal repair by various surgeons are presented chronologically. The main features of the authors' strategy are special incision lines, extensive mobilization of all dislocated structures, straightening of the deviated septum, correction of the deformed ala and nasal tip, induction of bone growth in hypoplastic areas under the alar base and along the piriform aperture, and a special suture technique of the orbicularis muscle to form a better philtrum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement of the aesthetic and functional results can be achieved with this type of nasal repair. Since 1970, approximately 500 patients have been operated on with this method at the authors' hospital and elsewhere, with 80 percent showing satisfactory results and 20 percent revealing deficiencies. Severe nasal deformities, which were common when no primary repair was applied, were not observed. This observation period provides evidence that no growth retardation occurs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the good results of this method and the lack of growth retardation, this approach is to be recommended. It also benefits children in underdeveloped countries, where frequent surgery is not possible.
authors.affiliation: Innsbruck, Austria; and Munich, Germany From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, and the Department of Plastic Surgery, Klinikum Bogenhausen.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anderl
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hussl
authors.forename: Milomir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ninkovic
mesh_terms: D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies