title: Efficacy of argon plasma coagulation compared to topical formalin application for chronic radiation proctopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is a troublesome complication of radiotherapy to the pelvis for which current treatment modalities are suboptimal. Currently, the application of formalin to the rectal mucosa (AFR) and thermal ablation with argon plasma coagulation (APC) are the most promising options.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy and safety of AFR with APC for CRP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 22 patients (male to female ratio, 19:3; mean age, 74 years) who received either APC or AFR for chronic hematochezia caused by CRP, and who were evaluated and treated between May 1998 and April 2002, were reviewed. Complete evaluations were made three months after completion of each therapeutic modality. Patients were considered to be responders if there was a 10% increase in hemoglobin from baseline or complete normalization of hemoglobin (male patients, higher than 130 g/L; female patients, higher than 115 g/L) without the requirement for blood transfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hemoglobin level before therapy was 107 g/L. Patients received an average of 1.78 sessions for APC and 1.81 sessions for AFR. Eleven patients (50%) were treated with APC alone, eight patients (36%) with AFR alone and three (14%) with both modalities (two with AFR followed by APC, and one with APC followed by AFR). Eleven of 14 patients (79%) in the APC group were responders, compared with three of 11 patients (27%) in the AFR group (P=0.017). In the APC group, seven of 11 responders required only a single session, while in the AFR group, only one patient responded after a single session. Adverse events (nausea, vomiting, flushing, abdominal cramps, rectal pain and fever) occurred in two patients after APC and in nine patients after AFR (P=0.001). In the APC group, the mean hemoglobin level increase was 20 g/L at three months follow-up, compared with 14 g/L in the AFR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study suggests that APC is more effective and safe than topical AFR to control hematochezia caused by CRP. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
authors.affiliation: Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital, Aljabrya, Kuwait. ahmadalfadhli@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alfadhli
authors.forename: W Mohammed
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Alazmi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ponich
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prokopiw
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alaqeel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gregor
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000528:radiation effects; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012007:Rectum / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde