title: How accurate is dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the assessment of renal glomerular filtration rate? A critical appraisal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the current literature to see if the published results of MRI-glomerular filtration rate (GFR) stand up to the claim that MRI-GFR may be used in clinical practice. Claims in the current literature that Gadolinium (Gd) DTPA dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI clearance provides a reliable estimate of glomerular filtration are an overoptimistic interpretation of the results obtained. Before calculating absolute GFR from Gd-enhanced MRI, numerous variables must be considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examine the methodology in the published studies on absolute quantification of MRI-GFR. The techniques evaluated included the dose and volume of Gd-DTPA used, the speed of injection, acquisition sequences, orientation of the subject, re-processing, conversion of signal to concentration and the model used for analysis of the data as well as the MRI platform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Claims in the current literature that using DCE MRI "Gd DTPA clearance provides a good estimate of glomerular filtration" are not supported by the data presented and a more accurate conclusion should be that "no MRI approach used provides a wholly satisfactory measure of renal GFR function."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that DCE MRI-GFR results are not yet able to be used as a routine clinical or research tool. The published literature does not show what change in DCE MRI-GFR is clinically significant, nor do the results in the literature allow a single DCE MRI-GFR measurement to be correlated directly with a multiple blood sampling technique.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University College London, Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iosif
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mendichovszky
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frøkiaer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dissing
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Kieran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Isky
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA