title: Gray matter differences between pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder patients and high-risk siblings: a preliminary voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: Neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in frontostriatal circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) allows for the assessment of differences in gray matter density across the whole brain. VBM has not previously been used to examine regional gray matter density in pediatric OCD patients and the siblings of pediatric OCD patients. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were conducted in 10 psychotropic naïve pediatric patients with OCD, 10 unaffected siblings of pediatric patients with OCD, and 10 healthy controls. VBM analysis was conducted using SPM2. Statistical comparisons were performed with the general linear model, implementing small volume random field corrections for a priori regions of interest (anterior cingulate cortex or ACC, striatum and thalamus). VBM analysis revealed significantly lower gray matter density in OCD patients compared to healthy in the left ACC and bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Furthermore, a small volume correction was used to identify a significantly greater gray matter density in the right putamen in OCD patients as compared to unaffected siblings of OCD patients. These findings in patients, siblings, and healthy controls, although preliminary, suggest the presence of gray matter structural differences between affected subjects and healthy controls as well as between affected subjects and individuals at risk for OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Psychiatry 9B, 4201 St. Antoine Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Matcheri S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diwadkar
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nutche
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Macmaster
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Easter
authors.forename: Christian J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Buhagiar
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011699:Putamen / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings