PolIVb influences RNA-directed DNA methylation independently of its role in siRNA biogenesis.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Pol)IV in Arabidopsis exists in two isoforms (PolIVa and PolIVb), with NRPD1a and NRPD1b as their respective largest subunits. Both isoforms are implicated in production and activity of siRNAs and in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Deep sequence analysis of siRNAs in WT Arabidopsis flowers and in nrpd1a and nrpd1b mutants identified >4,200 loci producing siRNAs in a PolIV-dependent manner, with PolIVb reinforcing siRNA production by PolIVa. Transposable element identity and pericentromeric localization are both features that predispose a locus for siRNA production via PolIV proteins and determine the extent to which siRNA production relies on PolIVb. Detailed analysis of DNA methylation at PolIV-dependent loci revealed unexpected deviations from the previously noted association of PolIVb-dependent siRNA production and RdDM. Notably, PolIVb functions independently in DNA methylation and siRNA generation. Additionally, we have uncovered siRNA-directed loss of DNA methylation, a process requiring both PolIV isoforms. From these findings, we infer that the role of PolIVb in siRNA production is secondary to a role in chromatin modification and is influenced by chromatin context.
Mosher
Rebecca A
RA
Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
Schwach
Frank
F
Studholme
David
D
Baulcombe
David C
DC
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000502:physiology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C499181:RNA polymerase IV, Arabidopsis; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases