title: Tracheal stenosis after placement of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous dilational tracheotomy procedures have been used successfully as a bedside alternative to open surgical tracheotomy. At our institution, we have seen patients with tracheal injuries following this procedure. In this paper, we review those cases to demonstrate that tracheal stenosis is a potential long-term complication of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were evaluated with computed tomography and operative endoscopy. Inpatient and outpatient records were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were referred to our practice for management of tracheal stenosis after percutaneous dilational tracheotomy between 2003 and 2006. Presence of anterior tracheal ring compression and destruction or lateral wall collapse was noted in each case. Endoscopy revealed stenosis secondary to anterior tracheal wall injury in all cases. In eight of nine cases, operative intervention was needed to correct the stenotic segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been demonstrated in the literature that with 20 years of experience, the percutaneous dilational tracheotomy procedure is more affordable, faster to perform, and a generally safe procedure when performed under appropriate conditions. Most case series of percutaneous dilational tracheotomy reveal an equal or lower risk of short-term complications than open tracheotomy. This series demonstrates that tracheal stenosis is a potential long-term complication. Longitudinal follow-up of patients undergoing percutaneous dilational tracheotomy is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. thomas.christenson@mail.tju.edu
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Christenson
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Artz
authors.forename: Jordan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goldhammer
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: Maurits S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Boon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D014140:Tracheotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*