title: Passive-aggressive (negativistic) personality disorder: a population-based twin study.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the familial aggregation of passive aggressive personality disorder (PAPD), and explore issues regarding PAPD raised by the DSM-IV Personality Disorder Work Group. Two thousand seven hundred and ninety-four Norwegian twins from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were interviewed with the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). Because of the rarity of the twins meeting full diagnostic criteria for PAPD a dimensional representation of the disorder was used for the analyses. Overlap with other axis II disorders was assessed by polychoric correlations, while familial aggregation was explored by structural equation twin models. Overlap was highest with paranoid (r = 0.52) and borderline personality disorder (r = 0.53), and lowest with schizoid (r = 0.26). Significant familial aggregation was found for PAPD. The twin correlations and parameter estimates in the full model indicated genetic and shared environmental effects for females, and only shared environmental effects for males, but the prevalence of endorsed PAPD criteria in this community sample was too low to permit us to conclude with confidence regarding the relative influence of genetic and shared environmental factors on the familial aggregation of PAPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. Nikolai.Czajkowski@fhi.no
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Czajkowski
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.forename: Kristen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tambs
authors.forename: Espen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Røysamb
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reichborn-Kjennerud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010324:Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010552:Personality Assessment; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors