title: Determinants of bone mass in end-stage renal failure patients at the time of kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are at high risk of renal osteodystrophy. Our study aimed to identify predictors of bone mass and cumulative fracture rate at the time of renal transplantation (RTx). This is important since the patients experience further substantial bone loss the first month post-transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 133 renal transplant patients were examined for bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry shortly after RTx.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients'Z-scores were significantly lower at the time of RTx compared to the reference population (p < 0.05), 32% were osteopenic and 11% had osteoporosis. Independent predictors of low bone mass were age (p < 0.001), female sex (p < 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level (p < 0.001), former transplantation (p = 0.001) and time on hemodialysis (HD) (p = 0.005). Body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and physical activity (p = 0.027) were associated with high BMD. Cumulative fracture rate (29%) was associated with physical inactivity (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.036) and osteopenia (p < 0.001) at the time of RTx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a representative CRF population, BMD was reduced. Independent predictors of BMD were as for the general population, and uremia associated predictors were time on HD, previous transplantation and serum iPTH level. Fracture rate was high, and physical inactivity had the strongest association with fractures.
authors.affiliation: Medical Center, Section of Nephrology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Szilveszter
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolgos
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bønsnes
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueland
authors.forename: Gunhild Aker
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Isaksen
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godang
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bollerslev
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone