title: Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from milk and cattle faeces from urban dairy farming and non dairy farming neighbour households in Dagoretti Division, Nairobi, Kenya: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in milk and cattle faecal samples dairy and non dairy neighbouring households and to relate this prevalence to the risk to human health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban and peri-urban households of Dagoretti, Division, Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dairy farming households and non dairy farming neighbouring households.
  
  
  RESULTS
  E coli O157:H7 was isolated from milk samples at three of 136 non-dairy neighbour households (2.2% C.I. 0.5%,6.3%) but was not found in any of the milk samples from the 260 milk samples from dairy households (0% C.I. 0.0%,1.4%). E.coli O157:H7 was also found in fifteen of 285 pooled household cattle faecal sample (5.2%, C.I. 3.1%, 8.7%). One of the faecal isolates was found to have the marker for the production of VT1. Discussions with focus groups revealed that the participants had limited knowledge about E. coli O157:H7. Focus group discussions and household questionnaires revealed practices increasing risk of E. coli infections to humans are associated with milking hygiene, drinking water source and treatment, and manure handling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. coli O157:H7 exists in urban setting and continuous surveillance is needed in case conditions and practices change favoring an increase in its prevalence and transmission to people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxixology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kang'ethe
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Onono
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arimi
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005506:Food Contamination; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population