title: Diffusion tensor imaging of acute mild traumatic brain injury in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite normal CT imaging and neurologic functioning, many individuals report postconcussion symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). This dissociation has been enigmatic for clinicians and investigators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor imaging tractography of the corpus callosum was performed in 10 adolescents (14 to 19 years of age) with MTBI 1 to 6 days postinjury with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and negative CT, and 10 age- and gender-equivalent uninjured controls. Subjects were administered the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory to assess self-reported cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTBI group demonstrated increased fractional anisotropy and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient and radial diffusivity, and more intense postconcussion symptoms and emotional distress compared to the control group. Increased fractional anisotropy and decreased radial diffusivity were correlated with severity of postconcussion symptoms in the MTBI group, but not in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) with Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and negative CT, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) performed within 6 days postinjury showed increased fractional anisotropy and decreased diffusivity suggestive of cytotoxic edema. Advanced MRI-based DTI methods may enhance our understanding of the neuropathology of TBI, including MTBI. Additionally, DTI may prove more sensitive than conventional imaging methods in detecting subtle, but clinically meaningful, changes following MTBI and may be critical in refining MTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and management.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Alliance of Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77025, USA. ewilde@bcm.edu
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wilde
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Bigler
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hanten
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Troyanskaya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yallampalli
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000367:Age Factors; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004058:Diffusion; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires