title: Heavy tamponade 1: a review of indications, use, and complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heavier than water intraocular tamponades have several theoretical advantages over conventional tamponades, especially in the treatment of complicated retinal detachments and proliferative viteroretinopathy of the lower fundus periphery. However, initial clinical series of various heavy tamponades have reported significant complication rates. Therefore, heavy tamponades have not found widespread acceptance. Three recently developed heavy silicone oil tamponades, Oxane HD, Densiron 68, and HWS 46-3000, are much better tolerated and presently seem to enter routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review of 21 publications on the clinical application of 9 different heavy tamponades (fluorosilicone, C10F18, F6H8, OL62HV, Oxane HD, O62, F6H8-silicone oil mixture, Densiron 68, and HWS 46-3000).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first generation (fluorinated silicone and perfluorocarbon liquids) and second generation (partially fluorinated alkanes) of heavy tamponades were associated with relatively high complication rates, for example, tamponade emulsification, intraocular inflammation, and rise in intraocular pressure. The complication spectrum of the new generation of heavy silicone oils (Oxane HD, Densiron 68, and HWS 46-3000) seems to be comparable to conventional silicone oil tamponades while providing better support for the inferior retina and the posterior pole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recently developed heavy silicone oil tamponades are safe and effective tools for the use of complicated retinal detachments of the inferior fundus.
authors.affiliation: St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. heinrichheimann@yahoo.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stappler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000628:therapy*; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D012827:Silicone Oils; C515608:densiron