Often forgotten manifestations of systemic sclerosis.
Many clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) often go unrecognized; yet they can cause significant morbidity and are challenging to manage. This article discusses osteolysis, avascular necrosis of the wrist, oral manifestations, erectile dysfunction, pharyngeal weakness, fecal incontinence, nonscleroderma renal disease, liver disease, thyroid disease, and neurological disease in the scleroderma patient.
Shah
Ami A
AA
Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ashah32@jhmi.edu
Wigley
Fredrick M
FM
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*