title: Detection and precise mapping of germline rearrangements in BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2, and MLH1 using zoom-in array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH).
abstract: Disease-predisposing germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes may consist of large genomic rearrangements that are challenging to detect and characterize using standard PCR-based mutation screening methods. Here, we describe a custom-made zoom-in microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) platform of 60mer oligonucleotides. The 4 x 44 K array format provides high-resolution coverage (200-300 bp) of 400-700 kb genomic regions surrounding six cancer susceptibility genes. We evaluate its performance to accurately detect and precisely map earlier described or novel large germline deletions or duplications occurring in BRCA1 (n=11), BRCA2 (n=2), MSH2 (n=7), or MLH1 (n=9). Additionally, we demonstrate its applicability for uncovering complex somatic rearrangements, exemplified by zoom-in analysis of the PTEN and CDKN2A loci in breast cancer cells. The sizes of rearrangements ranged from several 100 kb, including large flanking regions, to <500-bp deletions, including parts of single exons that would be missed by standard multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) methods. Zoom-in CGH arrays accurately defined the borders of rearrangements, allowing convenient design of primers for sequence determination of the breakpoints. The array platform can be streamlined for a particular application, e.g., focusing on breast cancer susceptibility genes, with increased capacity using multiformat design, and represents a valuable new tool and complement for genetic screening in clinical diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staaf
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Törngren
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rambech
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sellberg
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tellhed
authors.forename: Mef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilbert
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borg
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005820:Genetic Testing; D023281:Genomics; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein