title: An examination of slo-pitch pitching trajectories.
abstract: Many slo-pitch coaches and players believe that generating spin on a ball can affect its trajectory. The influence of air resistance on a ball that is thrown at a moderate speed and spin is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of spin on the ball's trajectory in slo-pitch pitching using both experimental results and ball flight simulations. Fourteen pitchers participated in the study, each of whom threw five backspin and topspin pitches each. Data were collected using standard three-dimensional videography. The horizontal velocity, vertical velocity, angular velocity, release height, and horizontal displacement of the backspin pitches were significantly higher than those of the topspin pitches. The ball flight simulations were developed to examine the influence of the ball spin, and it was concluded that the spin of the ball had a significant effect on the ball's vertical and horizontal displacements. Furthermore, our results suggest that a backspin pitch that reaches the maximum height allowable and lands in the front edge of the strike zone has the steepest slope. The present results add to our understanding of projectile motion and aerodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Sports Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. ttwu@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gervais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001484:Baseball; D003654:Deceleration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009048:Motor Skills; D012399:Rotation; D019876:Sports Equipment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014741:Video Recording