title: Incidence of oronasal fistulae and velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate repair: an audit of 211 children born between 1990 and 2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present an audit of primary cleft palate surgery at our unit, including rates of oronasal fistula development, speech outcomes, and rates of velopharyngeal insufficiency requiring secondary surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of patients with all cleft palate types, born between January 1990 and December 2004, who underwent primary palatoplasty at Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 211 patients, collectively operated on by five different surgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rate of true fistula development was 12.8% over a mean follow-up period of 4 years 10 months. The incidence of true fistulae that required surgical repair was 8.1%. Fistula rates were higher for more severe degrees of clefting but were not affected by gender or type of surgical repair. Overall, 31.8% of the study population had some degree of hypernasality following primary palatoplasty. Secondary surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency was required in 13.3% of patients. Following surgical correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency, no patients were reported to have appreciable hypernasality and 21.7% were reported to have mild hypernasality, a result comparable to previously published audits. The requirement for secondary surgery was higher in patients with more severe clefts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results are comparable to other recent studies. We believe that highly coordinated cleft care helps ensure such outcomes. These data provide a benchmark against which we can measure future performance in our attempts to improve outcomes of cleft repair.
authors.affiliation: University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, South Auckland Clinical School, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Yun Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Phua
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Chalain
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D019230:Dental Audit / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology