title: Increased left prefrontal activation during staring/mutism episodes in a patient with resistant catatonic schizophrenia: a near infrared spectroscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the first near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study of a patient with resistant catatonic schizophrenia during residual episodes of catatonia-related symptoms.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Functional imaging studies generally point to a decreased cortical activation in catatonic patients, with the notable exception of increased orbitofrontal/medial prefrontal activity elicited by negative stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical activity of the left anterior prefrontal area was recorded with a Techen 4 x 4 NIRS apparatus. Four episodes of staring/mutism were recorded and averaged. Compared with normal activity, these episodes were characterized by increased cortical activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within its methodologic limitations, the present observation suggests that increased anterior prefrontal activation in catatonic patients is not specific to negative stimuli. Known functions of the anterior prefrontal cortex such as self monitoring, reallocation of attention, or conflict resolution might underlie these findings. These also attest to the potential of NIRS for functional imaging of vulnerable subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. sylvain.grignon@usherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grignon
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forget
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huppert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009155:Mutism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012560:Schizophrenia, Catatonic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D014635:Valproic Acid; D003024:Clozapine; D008140:Lorazepam