title: Ability of pleth variability index to detect hemodynamic changes induced by passive leg raising in spontaneously breathing volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pleth Variability Index (PVI) is a new algorithm that allows continuous and automatic estimation of respiratory variations in the pulse oximeter waveform amplitude. Our aim was to test its ability to detect changes in preload induced by passive leg raising (PLR) in spontaneously breathing volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective observational study. Twenty-five spontaneously breathing volunteers were enrolled. PVI, heart rate and noninvasive arterial pressure were recorded. Cardiac output was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography. Volunteers were studied in three successive positions: baseline (semirecumbent position); after PLR of 45 degrees with the trunk lowered in the supine position; and back in the semirecubent position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significant changes in cardiac output and PVI during changes in body position. In particular, PVI decreased significantly from baseline to PLR (from 21.5 +/- 8.0% to 18.3 +/- 9.4%; P < 0.05) and increased significantly from PLR to the semirecumbent position (from 18.3 +/- 9.4% to 25.4 +/- 10.6 %; P < 0.05). A threshold PVI value above 19% was a weak but significant predictor of response to PLR (sensitivity 82%, specificity 57%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.734 +/- 0.101).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVI can detect haemodynamic changes induced by PLR in spontaneously breathing volunteers. However, we found that PVI was a weak predictor of fluid responsiveness in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Louis Pradel Hospital and Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM ERI 22, 28 avenue du doyen Lépine, 69500 Bron-Lyon, France. geoffray.keller@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Geoffray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cassar
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Desebbe
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lehot
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cannesson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010092:Oximetry; D010991:Plethysmography; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012119:Respiration; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric