title: The human TPR protein TTC4 is a putative Hsp90 co-chaperone which interacts with CDC6 and shows alterations in transformed cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human TTC4 protein is a TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) motif-containing protein. The gene was originally identified as being localized in a genomic region linked to breast cancer and subsequent studies on melanoma cell lines revealed point mutations in the TTC4 protein that may be associated with the progression of malignant melanoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we show that TTC4 is a nucleoplasmic protein which interacts with HSP90 and HSP70, and also with the replication protein CDC6. It has significant structural and functional similarities with a previously characterised Drosophila protein Dpit47. We show that TTC4 protein levels are raised in malignant melanoma cell lines compared to melanocytes. We also see increased TTC4 expression in a variety of tumour lines derived from other tissues. In addition we show that TTC4 proteins bearing some of the mutations previously identified from patient samples lose their interaction with the CDC6 protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these results and our previous work with the Drosophila Dpit47 protein we suggest that TTC4 is an HSP90 co-chaperone protein which forms a link between HSP90 chaperone activity and DNA replication. We further suggest that the loss of the interaction with CDC6 or with additional client proteins could provide one route through which TTC4 could influence malignant development of cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St. Georges Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crevel
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cotterill
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C103706:CDC6 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C417403:TTC4 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins