title: A full automatic device for sampling small solution volumes in photometric titration procedure based on multicommuted flow system.
abstract: In this work, an automatic device to deliver titrant solution into a titration chamber with the ability to determine the dispensed volume of solution, with good precision independent of both elapsed time and flow rate, is proposed. A glass tube maintained at the vertical position was employed as a container for the titrant solution. Electronic devices were coupled to the glass tube in order to control its filling with titrant solution, as well as the stepwise solution delivering into the titration chamber. The detection of the titration end point was performed employing a photometer designed using a green LED (lambda=545 nm) and a phototransistor. The titration flow system comprised three-way solenoid valves, which were assembled to allow that the steps comprising the solution container loading and the titration run were carried out automatically. The device for the solution volume determination was designed employing an infrared LED (lambda=930 nm) and a photodiode. When solution volume delivered from proposed device was within the range of 5 to 105 mul, a linear relationship (R = 0.999) between the delivered volumes and the generated potential difference was achieved. The usefulness of the proposed device was proved performing photometric titration of hydrochloric acid solution with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution and using phenolphthalein as an external indicator. The achieved results presented relative standard deviation of 1.5%.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sivanildo S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Gláucia P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Boaventura F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Reis