title: The orphan nuclear receptor, NOR-1, a target of beta-adrenergic signaling, regulates gene expression that controls oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle.
abstract: beta 1-3-Adrenoreceptor (AR)-deficient mice are unable to regulate energy expenditure and develop diet-induced obesity on a high-fat diet. We determined previously that beta2-AR agonist treatment activated expression of the mRNA encoding the orphan nuclear receptor, NOR-1, in muscle cells and plantaris muscle. Here we show that beta2-AR agonist treatment significantly and transiently activated the expression of NOR-1 (and the other members of the NR4A subgroup) in slow-twitch oxidative soleus muscle and fast-twitch glycolytic tibialis anterior muscle. The activation induced by beta-adrenergic signaling is consistent with the involvement of protein kinase A, MAPK, and phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein. Stable cell lines transfected with a silent interfering RNA targeting NOR-1 displayed decreased palmitate oxidation and lactate accumulation. In concordance with these observations, ATP production in the NOR-1 silent interfering RNA (but not control)-transfected cells was resistant to (azide-mediated) inhibition of oxidative metabolism and expressed significantly higher levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha. In addition, we observed the repression of genes that promote fatty acid oxidation (peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha/beta and lipin-1alpha) and trichloroacetic acid cycle-mediated carbohydrate (pyruvate) oxidation [pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 regulatory and catalytic subunits (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatases-1r and -c)]. Furthermore, we observed that beta2-AR agonist administration in mouse skeletal muscle induced the expression of genes that activate fatty acid oxidation and modulate pyruvate use, including PGC-1alpha, lipin-1alpha, FOXO1, and PDK4. Finally, we demonstrate that NOR-1 is recruited to the lipin-1alpha and PDK-4 promoters, and this is consistent with NOR-1-mediated regulation of these genes. In conclusion, NOR-1 is necessary for oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pearen
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Suryaprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raichur
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ryall
authors.forename: Gordon S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: George E O
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Muscat
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004983:Ethanolamines; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C490411:Nr4a3 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate