title: Spin labelling of Bacillus anthracis endospores: a model for in vivo tracking by EPR imaging.
abstract: Anthrax is caused by the gram-negative bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Infection by this microbe results from delivery of the endospore form of the bacillus through direct contact, either topical or inhalation. With regard to the latter route of administration, it is proposed that endospores of B. anthracis enter the lungs and are phagocytized by host alveolar macrophages. Thereafter, it is unclear as to how endospores travel to distal loci and what tissues are the targets. Herein, this study describes the spin labelling of endospores through two different approaches with various aminoxyls. Indeed, after exposure to RAW 264.7 cells, these aminoxyl-containing endospores were phagocytized, as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy of the infected macrophage, thus providing a potential tool for EPR imaging in animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Guan-Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Tod J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002460:Cell Line; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008301:Maleimides; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013113:Spin Labels; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D008301:Maleimides; D013113:Spin Labels; C024516:N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)maleimide