The impact of unintentional pediatric trauma: a review of pain, acute stress, and posttraumatic stress.
This article reviews current research on acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from pediatric simple (i.e., single, unpredictable, and unintentional) physical injury and how pain may act as both a trigger and a coexisting symptom. Although several studies have explored predictors of ASD and PTSD, as well as the relationship between these conditions in adults, there is less research on ASD and PTSD in children and adolescents. This review highlights the importance of early detection of pain and acute stress symptoms resulting from pediatric unintentional physical injury in the hopes of preventing long-term negative outcomes, such as the potential development of PTSD and associated academic, social, and psychological problems.
Gold
Jeffrey I
JI
Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027-6062, USA. jgold@chla.usc.edu
Kant
Alexis J
AJ
Kim
Seok Hyeon
SH
D000059:Accidents / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D046688:Child Mortality; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D040701:Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology