title: Automated identification of diabetic type 2 subjects with and without neuropathy using wavelet transform on pedobarograph.
abstract: Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism-the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. The most common form of diabetes is Type 2 diabetes. Abnormal plantar pressures are considered to play a major role in the pathologies of neuropathic ulcers in the diabetic foot. The purpose of this study was to examine the plantar pressure distribution in normal, diabetic Type 2 with and without neuropathy subjects. Foot scans were obtained using the F-scan (Tekscan USA) pressure measurement system. Various discrete wavelet coefficients were evaluated from the foot images. These extracted parameters were extracted using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and presented to the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and a four-layer feed forward neural network for classification. We demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of more than 85% for the classifiers.
authors.affiliation: Electronic and Computer Engineering Division, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Clementi, Singapore. aru@np.edu.sg
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Peck Ha
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Tavintharan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Subramaniam
authors.forename: Toshiyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Kuang Chua
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Seach Chyr Ernest
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Choo Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Shu Yi Diana
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: Kang Rui Conrad
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Law
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017719:Diabetic Foot; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D016011:Normal Distribution; D011312:Pressure