title: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion leads to immediate, stable and long-term changes in metabolic control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evaluations of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) usually focus on one pre- and one post-CSII measurement to assess metabolic therapy outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Extending this research, the aim of the present study was to provide a more fine-grained analysis of achieved glycaemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 52 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age of 37.85 years at CSII begin; s.d. +/- 12.41), haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels were assessed every 3 months over a period of 5 years (1 year before and 4 years after the introduction of CSII). Mixed models were utilized to describe changes in glycaemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pre-post course showed that already in the first quarter, a statistically significant lower HbA(1c) level was obtained [7.30%, in contrast to 8.21% at the last quarter with intensified conventional therapy (ICT)]. In the following 15 quarters, the mean HbA(1c) levels remained constantly lower than that with ICT. Overall, the aggregated mean HbA(1c) level of patients with CSII therapy was 7.19%, in contrast to 8.08% with ICT; thus, an overall decrease by 11% was achieved. In addition, individual differences in blood glucose level and age of diabetes onset as a predictor for therapy success were analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show an immediate, stable and long-term effect of CSII on HbA(1c). In addition, a significant relationship between metabolic control and age of diabetes onset was found, as well as a reduction of variance in HbA(1c) levels between subjects after change to CSII.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aberle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimprich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bach-Kliegel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorny
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kliegel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kliegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011379:Prognosis; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin