title: Liver involvement in a large cohort of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: echo-color-Doppler vs multislice computed tomography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic arterio-venous malformations (HAVMs) have been found in 74% of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) patients with multislice CT (MSCT). This single-blind study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of echo-color-Doppler with MSCT and identify the most sensitive ultrasound criteria indicating hepatic shunts.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-three HHT patients were systematically screened for HAVMs by biological tests, abdominal MSCT and echo-color-Doppler. Twenty-five normal subjects and 15 cirrhotic patients were also included as control groups. Both intrahepatic ("color spots" and hypervascularization) and extrahepatic parameters (diameter, flow velocity and tortuosity of hepatic artery and diameter and flow velocity of portal/hepatic vein) were utilized. "Color-spots" are defined as subcapsular vascular spots with a high-velocity arterial blood flow and low resistivity index and can identify extremely small HAVMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT was positive in 128/153 (84%) patients and Doppler color spots were found in 131/153 (86%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of "color spots" compared to MSCT were 95.3%, 68.0% and 91.8%, respectively. The "color-spot" showed a greater correlation to CT (V(index)=0.655; p<0.0001) than extrahepatic criteria (V=0.317). In 20/29 (69%) subjects, echo-color-Doppler, confirmed by CT, identified the third criterion for definite HHT diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrahepatic criteria was superior to extrahepatic criteria for identification of HAVMs. A new Doppler parameter ("color-spots") with an optimal accuracy for detecting HAVMs is proposed for easy periodic screening of HHT patients.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, Interdepartmental HHT Centre, University of Bari-Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buonamico
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suppressa
authors.forename: Gennaro M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Lenato
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasculli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Ovidio
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Memeo
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scardapane
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sabbà
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006503:Hepatic Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color