title: Antimicrobial drug resistance as determined by the E-test in Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari isolates from the ceca of broiler and layer chickens in Grenada.
abstract: One hundred and twenty five chickens from Grenada, consisting of 77 broilers and 48 layers were examined for carriage of thermophilic campylobacters in their ceca by culture. Seventy nine percent of chickens were positive for campylobacters, with an isolation rate of 93.5% for broilers and 56.3% for layers, the difference being significant. Sixty-four pure cultures comprising 39 Campylobacter coli, 21 Campylobacter jejuni, and 4 Campyilobacter lari isolates were tested for their resistance against 7 antibiotics using the E-test. None of the isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Resistance rates to other drugs were: ampicillin, 9.4%; ciprofloxacin, 12.5%; erythromycin, 3.1%; metronidazole, 9.4%, and tetracycline, 50% with MICs of >or=256 microg/mL for tetracycline. There were no significant differences in resistance rates between C. coli and C. jejuni. Multiple resistance to >or=2 drugs was seen in 15.6% of total isolates. All C. lari isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 3 of 4 isolates had multiple drug resistance. Overall, erythromycin, which is the drug of choice for treatment of Campylobacter infections in humans, is effective in vitro against 97% of chicken isolates in Grenada.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, West Indies, Grenada. hhariharan@sgu.edu
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hariharan
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chikweto
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matthew
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeAllie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D044863:Campylobacter lari / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019425:Grenada; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004917:Erythromycin