title: Vaccine impedes the development of reflux-induced esophageal cancer in a surgical rat model: efficacy of the vaccine in a post-Barrett's esophagus setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed and evaluated a GM-CSF whole-cell tumor vaccine for esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell lines derived from surgically induced rat reflux esophageal tumors were passaged in vitro and transfected with GM-CSF. First, the GM-CSF whole cell vaccine was evaluated against subcutaneously transplanted esophageal tumor cells. In a subsequent study, the vaccine was tested to see if it could reduce the incidence of cancer in the surgical reflux model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While subcutaneously transplanted tumor cells produced lasting tumors in PBS non-vaccinated placebo rats, transplanted tumors regressed and were immunologically rejected in animals vaccinated prior to implantation. In the surgical reflux model, the vaccine reduced the incidence of cancer from 17/23 (74%) in the controls to 6/16 (38%) in the vaccinated animals (P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GM-CSF whole cell tumor vaccine effectively promoted a strong immune response against subcutaneously transplanted tumors and protected animals from developing esophageal cancer in the reflux model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Furhawn A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Guy P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.forename: Todd D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Jiaai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonde
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jaffee
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Harmon
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000150:complications*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications; D004946:Esophagostomy; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014162:Transfection; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor