title: Delivery of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotides using a topical hydrogel tissue sealant in a murine partial nephrectomy/ischemia model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a leading cause of renal damage which can be improved with antisense oligonucleotide gene therapy. We have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel, which also functions as a tissue sealant, is an effective topical delivery vehicle for oligonucleotides in a murine partial nephrectomy model. The objective of this study was to use and evaluate this method against intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to prevent tissue damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty mice underwent left upper pole partial nephrectomy with 45 minutes of warm ischemia, randomized to treatment with 50 microg ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotides embedded in PEG hydrogel, no therapy, or sham surgery. Kidneys were harvested at 24 hours and 3, 4, and 5 days. The specimens were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for ICAM-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), immunohistochemical staining for ICAM-1 protein, and standard histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 hours, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry data showed a significant reduction in ICAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in the antisense group versus the ischemia group, but no difference at 3 to 5 days. Histologically there was reduced inflammation and necrosis in the cortex at 24 hours. The outer and inner medulla also showed improvement at 3 to 5 days in the antisense group as opposed to the ischemia group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical PEG hydrogel delivery of antisense ICAM-1 oligonucleotides demonstrated decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression, reduced ICAM-1 protein staining, and decreased cellular damage. The application of gene therapy through this novel topical delivery system holds potential for a highly specific, localized method of preventing tissue damage after ischemia/reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Hardeep
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Phull
authors.forename: Yeong-Hau H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Mohamed W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Salkini
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007511:Ischemia; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1