title: Prognostic factors for hypopharyngeal cancer: a univariate and multivariate study of 142 cases.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of distant metastases is essential for better survival. Effective adjuvant chemotherapy should be developed for patients with advanced primary disease (T>2) as well as for patients with advanced nodal status (N>0 or PLN>2).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors for hypopharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 142 previously untreated patients were analyzed retrospectively; 75% of the cases were stage III or IV. Surgical resection was administered as primary treatment to 116 of the patients (82%), while 26 patients (18%) underwent primary radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cause-specific 5-year actuarial survival was 46.3%. Distant metastases were the most frequent (23%) cause of failure, followed by local recurrence (15%), and regional recurrence (13%). Cox's regression analysis showed that the significant factors affecting cause-specific survival were N classification, T classification, number of pathological lymph node metastases (PLN), lymphatic invasion, and positive surgical margin. Similarly, T classification and PLN affected distant metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. mmochiki-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochiki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugasawa
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nibu
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents