title: [Inhibitory effects of emodin on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cell induced by angiotensin II].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of emodin on the proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) induced by angiotensin II.
  
  
  METHODS
  VSMCs were cultured by explant method. Cell proliferation model was established by stimulation with Ang II. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay to observe the effects of emodin (10, 20, 40 and 80 micromol x L(-1)) and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol x L(-1)) on VSMC proliferation induced by Ang II. The expression of PCNA was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Nitric oxide (NO) level was measured by Griess reagent. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were detected by chemical colorimetric method. mRNA expression of iNOS was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emodin at the doses range from 10 to 80 mol x L(-1) inhibited cell proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were partly blocked by 100 mol x L(-1) of L-NAME. Emodin markedly decreased the expression of PCNA in VSMC, increased NO, NOS and iNOS levels, and increased iNOS mRNA expression in VSMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emodin could inhibite VSMCs proliferation induced by Ang II. Inhibiting the expression of PCNA, increasing the NO secretion and upregulating the iNOS gene expression might be associated with the inhibitory effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, ZheJiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shi-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yun-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xing-Xiang
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun-Zhu
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D000804:Angiotensin II; C026512:arginine methyl ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D004642:Emodin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester