title: Fluorouracil vs gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among patients with locally advanced metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, gemcitabine has been shown to improve outcomes compared with fluorouracil.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the addition of gemcitabine to adjuvant fluorouracil chemoradiation (chemotherapy plus radiation) improves survival for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled phase 3 trial of patients with complete gross total resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and no prior radiation or chemotherapy enrolled between July 1998 and July 2002 with follow-up through August 18, 2006, at 164 US and Canadian institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chemotherapy with either fluorouracil (continuous infusion of 250 mg/m2 per day; n = 230) or gemcitabine (30-minute infusion of 1000 mg/m2 once per week; n = 221) for 3 weeks prior to chemoradiation therapy and for 12 weeks after chemoradiation therapy. Chemoradiation with a continuous infusion of fluorouracil (250 mg/m2 per day) was the same for all patients (50.4 Gy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival for all patients and survival for patients with pancreatic head tumors were the primary end points. Secondary end points included toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 451 patients were randomized, eligible, and analyzable. Patients with pancreatic head tumors (n = 388) had a median survival of 20.5 months and a 3-year survival of 31% in the gemcitabine group vs a median survival of 16.9 months and a 3-year survival of 22% in the fluorouracil group (hazard ratio, 0.82 [95% confidence interval, 0.65-1.03]; P = .09). The treatment effect was strengthened on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.80 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.00]; P = .05). Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was 1% in the fluorouracil group and 14% in the gemcitabine group (P < .001) without a difference in febrile neutropenia or infection. There were no differences in the ability to complete chemotherapy or radiation therapy (>85%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of gemcitabine to adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemoradiation was associated with a survival benefit for patients with resected pancreatic cancer, although this improvement was not statistically significant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003216.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore 21030, USA. wregine@umm.edu
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Regine
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konski
authors.forename: Al B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Mahesh R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kudrimoti
authors.forename: Mitchel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fromm
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Tyvin A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Rich
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine