title: [Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe Marcus-Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis and its surgical treatment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical characteristics of moderate and severe Marcus-Gunn jaw winking synkinesis and it surgical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with Marcus-Gunn syndrome were enrolled from 1997 to 2003 in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. The clinical characteristics were analyzed based on the records. Unilateral levator excision and frontalis flap suspension were performed for the correction of ptosis and the results were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The follow-up period varied from 1 to 6 years. Sixteen patients were male and 17 were female. The left eye was involved in 22 patients and the right eye in 11 patients. There was no family history. The amount of ptosis in each patient was more than 2 mm. At the end of observation, good results were achieved for ptosis correction in 26 (87%) of 30 patients, fair results in 3 (10%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ptosis of patients with moderate and severe Marcus-Gunn syndrome needs to be treated surgically. Unilateral frontalis flap suspension combined levator excision can correct ptosis very well for patients with moderate and severe Marcus-Gunn syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China. tianni213@126.com
authors.forename: Ni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yong-xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shi-you
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jin-ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dan-ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hai-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D001767:Blinking; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005143:Eyelids / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000601:surgery; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult