title: Insulin infusion via an intraosseous needle in diabetic ketoacidosis.
abstract: We report the successful management of a five-year-old child with severe diabetic ketoacidosis with dehydration, who received his initial resuscitative fluids and a continuous infusion of insulin via an intraosseous needle. The patient had presented to a remote community hospital and intravenous access could not be gained. The correction of hyperglycaemia and metabolic acidaemia was achieved at a rate comparable to intravenous therapy. No complications were observed. Although intraosseous access is well described in paediatric resuscitation guidelines, it is not mentioned in International Diabetes Society guidelines for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Alternatives to intravenous administration of insulin delivery recommended in such guidelines, such as the subcutaneous or intramuscular routes, may be less appropriate than the intraosseous route. This route can also allow resuscitation fluids and other drugs to be reliably administered in children with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe dehydration where intravenous access can not be attained. We suggest that the potential role of intraosseous access, when intravenous access can not be obtained, should be considered when management guidelines for paediatric diabetic ketoacidosis with dehydration are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario and Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Alawi
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Farsi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kornecki
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin