Determinants of do-not-resuscitate orders in palliative home care.
BACKGROUND
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders allow home care clients to communicate their own wishes over medical treatment decisions, helping to preserve their dignity and autonomy. To date, little is known about DNR orders in palliative home care. Basic research to identify rates of completion and determinants of DNR orders has yet to be examined in palliative home care.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine who in palliative home care has a DNR order as part of their advance directive.


METHODS
Information on health was collected using the interRAI instrument for palliative care (interRAI PC). The sample included 470 home care clients from one community care access centre in Ontario.


RESULTS
This study indicated that a preference to die at home (odds ratio [OR]: 8.29, confidence interval [CI]: 4.55-15.11); close proximity to death (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.99-1.00); daily incontinence (OR: 2.74, CI: 1.05-7.16); and sleep problems (OR: 1.85, CI: 1.02-3.37) are associated with DNR orders. In addition, clients who are more accepting of their situation are 5.67 times (CI: 1.67-19.27) more likely to have a DNR in place.


CONCLUSIONS
This study represents an important first step to identifying issues related to DNR orders. In addition to proximity to death, incontinence, and sleep problems, acceptance of one's own situation and a preference to die at home are important determinants of DNR completion. The results imply that these discussions might often depend not only on the health of the clients but also on the clients' acceptance of their current situation and where they wish to die.
Brink
Peter
P
Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. pbrink@ahsmail.uwaterloo.ca
Smith
Trevor Frise
TF
Kitson
Maureen
M
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D019090:Case Management; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012189:Retrospective Studies