title: The dopamine D(3) receptor Ser9Gly polymorphism modulates prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dopamine D(3) receptor (DRD(3)) is suspected to modulate prepulse inhibition (PPI) in animals and humans, but definite conclusions cannot be drawn due to lack of selective DRD(3) ligands. The Ser9Gly polymorphism is a common variant of the DRD(3) gene and determines the gain of function of the D(3) receptor. This is the first study to examine the influence of the DRD(3) Ser9Gly polymorphism on human PPI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prepulse inhibition was measured in 101 healthy male subjects presented with 75-dB and 85-dB prepulses at 30-, 60-, and 120-msec prepulse-pulse intervals. Subjects were grouped according to their DRD(3) status into a Gly/Gly, a Ser/Gly, and a Ser/Ser group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses of variance showed that at all prepulse and interval conditions, Gly/Gly individuals had the lowest PPI and the greatest onset latency facilitation and Ser/Ser individuals had the highest PPI and the lowest onset latency facilitation, while Ser/Gly individuals were intermediate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PPI is modulated by the D(3) receptor and its levels depend on the Ser9Gly polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roussos
authors.forename: Stella G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Giakoumaki
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bitsios
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004576:Electromyography; D005838:Genotype; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011601:Psychophysics; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000235:genetics; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000235:genetics*; D012022:Reflex, Acoustic / Q000235:genetics*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000235:genetics*; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D012694:Serine; D005998:Glycine