title: Evaluation of the short hybrid electrode in human temporal bones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current hybrid electrode can be inserted without trauma to the temporal bone and, after insertion, assumes a position within the scala tympani near the outer cochlear wall just beneath the basilar membrane.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Conservation of residual hearing after cochlear implant electrode insertion requires a special insertion technique and an atraumatic short electrode. This allows electroacoustic stimulation in ears with significant residual hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human cadaveric temporal bones were implanted with soft surgical technique under fluoroscopic observation. Dehydrated and resin-impregnated bones are dissected. Real-time electrode insertion behavior and electrode position were evaluated. The bones are examined for evidence of insertion-related trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No gross trauma was observed in the implanted bones, and the electrode dynamics evaluation revealed smooth scala tympani insertions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atraumatic insertion of the 10-mm hybrid electrode can be accomplished using an appropriate cochleostomy and insertion technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. tom.roland@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zeitler
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jethanamest
authors.forename: Tina C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D004566:Electrodes; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*