title: Pemetrexed improves tumor selectivity of 111In-DTPA-folate in mice with folate receptor-positive ovarian cancer.
abstract: Folate-based radiopharmaceuticals can be used as imaging agents and for potential radiotherapy of folate receptor (FR)-positive malignant tissue (e.g., ovarian carcinomas). However, substantial FR expression in the kidneys results in undesired renal retention of radioactivity. Recently, we found that the preinjection of an antifolate significantly improved tumor selectivity of organometallic 99mTc-radiofolates in mice. The aim of this study was to corroborate the effect of pemetrexed with the clinically tested 111In-DTPA-folate (DTPA is diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) in a human ovarian cancer xenografted mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo studies were performed in female athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous FR-positive ovarian tumors (IGROV-1 and SKOV-3) or metastases (after intraperitoneal SKOV-3 cell inoculation). Biodistribution studies were performed 1, 4, and 24 h after administration of 111In-DTPA-folate (0.7 MBq/mouse, 0.35 mug) with or without preinjection of pemetrexed (PMX, 400 microg) 1 h before the radiofolate. Images were acquired with a high-resolution, high-sensitivity SPECT/CT camera, 4 and 24 h after injection of the radiotracer (30-50 MBq/mouse, 4.5-10 microg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In biodistribution studies the tumor uptake of 111In-DTPA-folate (IGROV-1: 9.79 +/- 3.21 %ID/g [percentage injected dose per gram]; SKOV-3: 7.57 +/- 0.61 %ID/g, 4 h after injection) was high and retained over the time of investigation. However, considerable retention of radioactivity was found in kidneys (85-105 %ID/g, 4 h after injection), resulting in unfavorably low tumor-to-kidney ratios ( approximately 0.10). Preinjection of PMX resulted in a significant reduction of renal uptake (20%-30% of control values, P < 0.03) at all time points after injection of 111In-DTPA-folate, whereas the tumor uptake was retained. Thus, the tumor-to-kidney ratio was significantly increased to approximately 0.50. SPECT/CT images confirmed the superior tumor-to-background ratio in mice injected with PMX. These findings were particularly evident in mice with SKOV-3 metastases that could be visualized only when 111In-DTPA-folate was administered in combination with PMX.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The application of PMX resulted in a significant reduction of undesired radioactivity accumulation in kidneys, whereas the tumor uptake remained unaffected. These observations suggest a general validity of the reducing effect of PMX on the uptake of radiofolates in kidneys. Our findings will lead the way toward the development of folate-based radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. cristina.mueller@psi.ch
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schibli
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Krenning
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D051379:Mice; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C108951:DTPA folate; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D005971:Glutamates; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000068437:Pemetrexed; D006147:Guanine; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D005492:Folic Acid