title: Broken bones and orthopedist groans: can an acute care surgeon fix both?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing reluctance of specialty surgeons to participate in trauma care has placed undue burden on orthopedic traumatologists at Level I trauma centers and prompted the exploration of an expanded role for general trauma surgeons in the initial management of select orthopedic injuries (OI) as an acute care surgeon. This study characterizes OI sustained by trauma patients (TPs) to analyze the feasibility of this concept.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for specific information relating to the profile of OI. International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision codes were used to select patients for the study who sustained OI alone or in combination with other injuries as well as to determine body region of injury and a status of open or closed fractures. Skeletal Abbreviated Injury Scale scores were used to determine the severity of fractures, and International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision procedure codes were used to identify the nature of initial operative management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,130,093 patients studied, 557,541 (49%) had one or more reported OI. Open injuries constituted 11.4% of all OIs and occurred in 7.5% of all TPs. Distribution of OIs was 23% upper extremity (18% open) and 35% lower extremity (also 18% open). These represent a 15% and 22% occurrence in TP. Pelvic and acetabular fractures occurred in 13% of OI patients (4% open) and 6% of all TP. The mean skeletal Abbreviated Injury Scale of all OIs was 2.3. For upper extremities it was 2.2, for lower extremities and for pelvic or acetabular injuries it was 2.4. Closed reduction of joint dislocation was performed in 2% of OI and 1% of all TPs. Of these, 45% were on the hip, 8% on the knee, 15% on the ankle, 13% on the elbow, and 20% on the shoulder. The distribution of initial interventions for all patients with OI was irrigation and debridement (I&D) 13%, external fixator (ex-fix) application 25%, closed reduction 41%, and closed joint relocation 10%. Of all open injuries, 17% underwent I&D and 31% underwent ex-fix application. The median time to I&D or ex-fix application was 7.2 hours. One percent of these procedures were performed within 1 hour of hospital admission, 11% within 6 hours of hospital admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OI occur in a significant portion of TP reported to the National Trauma Data Bank. They most commonly involve the lower extremities and are of moderate severity. Given this profile, it seems feasible to propose that some initial procedures can be mastered by nonorthopedic surgeons and that select OI management be within the purview of a properly trained and credentialed acute care surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Burns, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center and the Loyola University Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Endorf
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: R Lawrence
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Luchette
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gamelli
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology