title: Outcomes and survival after laparoscopic gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma. Analysis on 65 patients operated on by conventional or robot-assisted minimal access procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer has gained worldwide acceptance, long term results and survival are seldom reported. This study was designed to assess long term outcomes after laparoscopic gastrectomy with D2 dissection. The short term results of conventional and robot-assisted minimally invasive procedures were also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 65 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for non-metastatic adenocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively. This series included 35 patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and 30 with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). A 4/5 laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LSG) with D2 nodal clearance was the procedure of choice for distal cancers. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) with modified D1 lymphadenectomy was performed for mid-proximal EGC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty gastrectomies were carried out laparoscopically, 56 LSG and 4 LTG. Conversion to laparotomy was required in 5 patients with distal cancer. No intraoperative complication was registered. Morbidity included 2 duodenal leaks that healed conservatively. Two postoperative deaths were registered. An average number 31.3+/-8.8 lymph nodes were collected. The mean hospital stay was 10 days (range 7-24). The mean follow up was 30 months (range 2-86) and the cumulative overall 5 year survival rate was 78%. Survival at 5 years for EGC was 94% and survival at 4 years for AGC was 53% (57% for non-converted patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic gastrectomy for cancer represents a valid alternative to open surgery with minimal morbidity and acceptable long term survival. Considering the risk of preoperative under diagnoses a D2 lymphadenectomy is suggested also for EGC. This study validated the effectiveness of minimally invasive technique in the management of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Chirurgia Generale e Videolaparoscopica, Ospedale di Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milano, Italy. chirurgiaurgenza@ospedaleniguarda.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maggioni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sansonna
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costanzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magistro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pauna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Lernia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brambilla
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome