title: Hypoechoic thyroid nodules on ultrasound 4 years after prenatal exposure to radioiodine: resolution with thyroxine therapy.
abstract: We describe an infant inadvertently exposed to radioiodine at 17 weeks gestation. His mother had received 400 MBq of (131)I for hyperthyroidism (total T4 178 nmol/L, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.1 mU/L, 4-h (131)I uptake 16%). Following cordocentesis at 27 weeks (free T4 12.7 pmol/L, TSH 35.4 mU/L) intra-amniotic thyroxine was withheld and a male infant was born at 39 weeks gestation, birthweight 3520 g. Cord TSH was low (0.1 mU/L), total T4 151 nmol/L on day 4, the mother having received no medication during pregnancy. Postnatal follow-up showed mild TSH elevation (11.0-19.4 mU/L) but normal free T4 (9-12.7 pmol/L) during the first 2 years of life following which the child was discharged still untreated. On recall at 4.3 years, TSH elevation persisted (15.4 mU/L) and ultrasound showed several hypoechoic thyroid nodules within the left lobe that disappeared after thyroxine treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the event of inadvertent exposure to radioiodine in utero, the infant should receive thyroxine therapy from birth in order to protect the thyroid gland from TSH over-stimulation, however mild.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ainine
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Malcolm D C
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000209:etiology*; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine