title: Immunomodulatory effects of the intake of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei DN114001 in lactating mothers and their children.
abstract: The healthy action of probiotics is not only due to their nutritional properties and their influence on the gastrointestinal environment, but also to their action on the immune system. The aim of the present study was to determine if 6 weeks of probiotic intake would be able to modulate the immune system in women who had recently delivered and were breast-feeding. The design consisted of a randomised, controlled and double-blind nutritional intervention study with parallel groups with a sample size of 104 women. The main variable is the T helper type 1/T helper type 2 (Th1/Th2) profile determined by measuring interferon-gamma (Th1) and IL-4 (Th2) values in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. The modifications of cytokines were evaluated in maternal milk by cytometric bead array in a flow cytometer and ELISA at three stages of breast-feeding: colostrum, early milk (10 d) and mature milk (45 d). Additionally, the anthropometry and infectious and allergic episodes in the newborn were followed up throughout the first 6 months of life. After the consumption of milk fermented with Lactobacillus casei during the puerperium, we observed a nonsignificant increase in T and B lymphocytes and a significant increase in natural killer cells. A decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in maternal milk and fewer gastrointestinal disturbances were also observed in the breast-fed child of the mothers who consumed L. casei. The intake of milk fermented with L. casei during the lactation period modestly contributes to the modulation of the mother's immunological response after delivery and decreases the incidence of gastrointestinal episodes in the breast-fed child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, PO Box 550, 35080-Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Andrellucchi
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Villegas
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gallego
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemes
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Molero
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peña-Quintana
authors.forename: Milagrosa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D043302:Cultured Milk Products; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D009035:Mothers; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10