title: Baited traps may be an alternative to conventional pesticides in integrated crop management of chicory (Compositae) in South Africa.
abstract: Chicory, Chicorium intybus L. (Compositae), is a major field crop in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Several pests feed on the leaves of the plant, resulting in reduced yield. The most important of these are the noctuid moths Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Chrysodeixis acuta (Walker), and Trichoplusia orichalcea (F.). The use of attract-and-kill traps offers an alternative to broad-based insecticides in the control of these species. Three fields were treated with normal insecticides and three fields with yellow-baited traps. Eight additional traps were placed in each field, with half of the traps containing the insecticide 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos) and half without dichlorvos; and half yellow and half green. Total moth numbers and nonphytophage diversity were measured from these eight traps. Although no differences in H. armigera or T. orichalcea catches were observed between insecticide- and trap-treated fields, numbers of C. acuta and the total number of moths were significantly higher in insecticide-treated fields. Yellow traps containing dichlorvos contained more moths than yellow traps without dichlorvos, or green traps with dichlorvos, or green traps without dichlorvos; but they also contained more nonphytophagous insects. Yellow traps also enhanced the catches of thrips on card traps associated with them. These results offer an opportunity for the South African chicory industry to reduce pesticide applications and thus mitigate environmental impacts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa. g01m2024@campus.ru.ac.za
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Midgley
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Villet
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D018651:Cichorium intybus / Q000469:parasitology*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000469:parasitology; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development*; D013019:South Africa
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004006:Dichlorvos