title: Polymorphism of -765G > C COX-2 is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcer disease in addition to H pylori infection: a study from northern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate -765G > C COX-2 polymorphism and H pylori infection in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 348 adult patients (62 gastric adenocarcinoma, 45 PUD and 241 NUD) undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at two referral centers between September, 2002 and May, 2007. H pylori infection was diagnosed when any of the four tests (RUT, culture, histopathology and PCR) were positive. Genotyping for -765G > C polymorphism of COX-2 was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequency of C carrier had significant association with gastric adenocarcinoma as compared to NUD [77.4% vs 29%, P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 8.20; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 4.08-16.47] and PUD (77.4% vs 31.1%, P < 0.001; OR 8.04; 95% CI, 3.25-19.90). Risk of gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly higher in patients having C carrier with (OR 7.83; 95% CI 3.09-19.85) and without H pylori infection (OR 7.06; 95% CI, 2.61-19.09). Patients with C carrier and H pylori infection had significant risk for the development of PUD (P < 0.001; OR 5.65; 95% CI, 2.07-15.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  -765G > C COX-2 polymorphism with or without H pylori could be a marker for genetic susceptibility to gastric adenocarcinoma. COX-2 polymorphism in presence of H pylori infection might be useful in predicting the risk of PUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Kashi-Nath
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Uday-Chand
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Ghoshal
authors.forename: Monty-Roshan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnani
authors.forename: Nuzhat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Husain
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2