title: A pattern recognition approach to infer time-lagged genetic interactions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For any time-course microarray data in which the gene interactions and the associated paired patterns are dependent, the proposed pattern recognition (PARE) approach can infer time-lagged genetic interactions, a challenging task due to the small number of time points and large number of genes. PARE utilizes a non-linear score to identify subclasses of gene pairs with different time lags. In each subclass, PARE extracts non-linear characteristics of paired gene-expression curves and learns weights of the decision score applying an optimization algorithm to microarray gene-expression data (MGED) of some known interactions, from biological experiments or published literature. Namely, PARE integrates both MGED and existing knowledge via machine learning, and subsequently predicts the other genetic interactions in the subclass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PARE, a time-lagged correlation approach and the latest advance in graphical Gaussian models were applied to predict 112 (132) pairs of TC/TD (transcriptional regulatory) interactions. Checked against qRT-PCR results (published literature), their true positive rates are 73% (77%), 46% (51%), and 52% (59%), respectively. The false positive rates of predicting TC and TD (AT and RT) interactions in the yeast genome are bounded by 13 and 10% (10 and 14%), respectively. Several predicted TC/TD interactions are shown to coincide with existing pathways involving Sgs1, Srs2 and Mus81. This reinforces the possibility of applying genetic interactions to predict pathways of protein complexes. Moreover, some experimentally testable gene interactions involving DNA repair are predicted.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supplementary data and PARE software are available at http://www.stat.sinica.edu.tw/~gshieh/pare.htm.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: Chung-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Grace S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Shieh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001665:Binding Sites; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors