title: Cyclical DNA methylation of a transcriptionally active promoter.
abstract: Processes that regulate gene transcription are directly under the influence of the genome organization. The epigenome contains additional information that is not brought by DNA sequence, and generates spatial and functional constraints that complement genetic instructions. DNA methylation on CpGs constitutes an epigenetic mark generally correlated with transcriptionally silent condensed chromatin. Replication of methylation patterns by DNA methyltransferases maintains genome stability through cell division. Here we present evidence of an unanticipated dynamic role for DNA methylation in gene regulation in human cells. Periodic, strand-specific methylation/demethylation occurs during transcriptional cycling of the pS2/TFF1 gene promoter on activation by oestrogens. DNA methyltransferases exhibit dual actions during these cycles, being involved in CpG methylation and active demethylation of 5mCpGs through deamination. Inhibition of this process precludes demethylation of the pS2 gene promoter and its subsequent transcriptional activation. Cyclical changes in the methylation status of promoter CpGs may thus represent a critical event in transcriptional achievement.
authors.affiliation: Université de Rennes I, CNRS, UMR 6026 Equipe SPARTE, IFR 140 GFAS, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France. Raphael.Metivier@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Métivier
authors.forename: Rozenn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallais
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiffoche
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Péron
authors.forename: Renata Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Jurkowska
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Carmouche
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ibberson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barath
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demay
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Benes
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeltsch
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gannon
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salbert
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D003641:Deamination; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D044502:Thymine DNA Glycosylase / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D044502:Thymine DNA Glycosylase