title: Vascular endothelial functions, carotid intima-media thickness, and soluble CD40 ligand levels in dipper and nondipper essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The lack of nocturnal decline in blood pressure (BP) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular events. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is involved in the pathogenesis of risk factor-related vascular damage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vascular endothelial functions, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), plasma sCD40L levels and circadian BP profile in patients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 81 essential hypertensive out-patients. BP dipping was defined as a night-to-day systolic and diastolic decrease >or=10%. Forty-seven dipper and 34 nondipper patients were compared. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), sCD40L and urinary albumin were measured. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and cIMT was compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sCD40L level (3.28 +/- 2.08 and 2.30 +/- 1.99 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.036) and urinary albumin concentration (36.7 +/- 20.1 and 23 +/- 29.7 mg/l, respectively, P < 0.0001) were higher in nondippers than in dippers. Serum hs-CRP levels were not significantly different. FMD was found higher in dippers than nondippers (11.8 +/- 3.9% and 6.6 +/- 2.2%, respectively, P < 0.0001). The average cIMT was significantly higher in nondippers than dippers (0.928 +/- 0.060 Vs. 0.734 +/- 0.134 mm; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nondipper patern has an additional negative effect on endothelial functions in hypertensive patients. Nondippers have enhanced sCD40L levels, which may contribute to their increased susceptibility to develop vascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Central Hospital, Izmir, Turkey dreminalioglu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alioglu
authors.forename: Ugur O
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bicak
authors.forename: Istemihan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tengiz
authors.forename: Dincer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atila
authors.forename: Vatan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Barisik
authors.forename: Ertugrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akin
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004452:Echocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D023201:CD40 Ligand