title: Effect of single doses of maraviroc on the QT/QTc interval in healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a single dose of maraviroc on the QTc interval in healthy subjects and to evaluate the QTc interval-concentration relationship.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-dose, placebo- and active-controlled, five-way crossover study was conducted to investigate the effects of maraviroc (100, 300, 900 mg) on QTc in healthy subjects. Moxifloxacin (400 mg) was used as the active comparator. The study was double-blind with respect to maraviroc/placebo and open label for moxifloxacin. There was a 7-day wash-out period between each dose. QT interval measurements obtained directly from the electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder were corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's correction (QTcF). A placebo run-in day was conducted before period 3, when ECGs were collected at intervals while subjects were resting or during exercise. These ECGs plus other predose ECGs were used to evaluate the QT/RR relationship for each subject to enable calculation of an individual's heart rate correction for their QT measurements (QTcI). ECGs were taken at various intervals pre- and postdose in each study period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each maraviroc dose. The end-points that were evaluated were QTcF at median time to maximum concentration (T(max)) based on the machine readings and QTcI at median T(max) based on manual over-reads of the QT/RR data. A separate analysis of variance was used for each of the pair-wise comparisons for each end-point. The relationship between QTc interval and plasma concentration was also investigated using a mixed-effects modelling approach, as implemented by the NONMEM software system. A one-stage model was employed in which the relationship between QT and RR and the effects of maraviroc plasma concentration on QT were estimated simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference from placebo in machine-read QTcF at median T(max) for maraviroc 900 mg was 3.6 ms [90% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 5.8]. For the active comparator, moxifloxacin, the mean difference from placebo in machine-read QTcF was 13.7 ms. The changes from placebo for each of the end-points were similar for men and women. No subjects receiving maraviroc or placebo had a QTcF > or = 450 ms (men) or QTcF > or = 470 ms (women), nor did any subject experience a QTcF increase > or = 60 ms from baseline at any time point. Analysis based on the QTcI data obtained from the manual over-readings of the ECGs gave numerically very similar results. The QT:RR relationship was similar pre- and postdose and was not related to maraviroc concentration. The population estimate of the QT:RR correction factor was 0.324 (95% CI 0.309, 0.338). The population estimate of the slope describing the QT-concentration relationship was 0.97 micros ml ng(-1) (95% CI -0.571, 2.48), equivalent to an increase of 0.97 ms in QT per 1000 ng maraviroc plasma concentration. Most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single doses of maraviroc, up to and including 900 mg, had no clinically relevant effect on QTcF or QTcI. At all maraviroc doses and for both end-points, the mean difference from placebo for QTc was < 4 ms. There was no apparent relationship between QT interval and maraviroc plasma concentration up to 2363 ng ml(-1). This conclusion held in both male and female subjects, and there was no evidence of a change in the QT/RR relationship with concentration.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global R&D, Sandwich, UK. john.davis@pfizer.com
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hackman
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sudworth
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weissgerber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077592:Maraviroc; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D014230:Triazoles; D000077592:Maraviroc; D000077266:Moxifloxacin