title: The incidence of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women on hormone replacement therapy: a clinical evidence-based medicine review.
abstract: Postmenopausal women have looked to the scientific and medical community for conclusions on the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cardiovascular disease. There have been many studies and clinical trials conducted in an attempt to address whether or not there is increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among postmenopausal women on HRTs. The results of the Women Health Initiative study on HRTs and CVD have concluded that HRTs have no protective effect on the cardiovascular system. It has been suggested that HRTs may even promote the development of a cardiovascular event. Many researchers and members of the health-care community have disputed these claims. These opposing views have fostered more research in an attempt to draw a consensus in this debate. This clinical review examines evidence-based medical research literature and provides an overview of the outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Prev-Med Health, Miramar, FL 33025, USA. Clesco@aol.com
authors.forename: Clinton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Toles
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002423:Cause of Death; D032921:Consensus; D003657:Decision Making; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011159:Population Surveillance; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology