title: Noise pollution on an acute surgical ward.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to measure and analyse noise levels over a 24-h period on five general surgical wards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noise levels were measured on three wards with four bays of six beds each (wards A, B and C), one ward of side-rooms only (ward D) and a surgical high dependency unit (ward E) of eight beds. Noise levels were measured for 15 min at 4-hourly intervals over a period of 24 h midweek. The maximum sound pressure level, baseline sound pressure level and the equivalent continuous level (LEq) were recorded. Peak levels and LEq were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for community noise. Control measurements were taken elsewhere in the hospital and at a variety of public places for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest peak noise level recorded was 95.6 dB on ward E, a level comparable to a heavy truck. This exceeded all control peak readings except that recorded at the bus stop. Peak readings frequently exceeded 80 dB during the day on all wards. Each ward had at least one measurement which exceeded the peak sound level of 82.5 dB recorded in the supermarket. The highest peak measurements on wards A, B, C and E also exceeded peak readings at the hospital main entrance (83.4 dB) and coffee shop (83.4 dB). Ward E had the highest mean peak reading during the day and at night - 83.45 dB and 81.0 dB, respectively. Ward D, the ward of side-rooms, had the lowest day-time mean LEq (55.9 dB). Analysis of the LEq results showed that readings on ward E were significantly higher than readings on wards A, B and C as a group (P = 0.001). LEq readings on ward E were also significantly higher than readings on ward D (P < 0.001). Day and night levels differ significantly, but least so on the high dependency unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WHO guidelines state that noise levels on wards should not exceed 30 dB LEq (day and night) and that peak noise levels at night should not exceed 40 dB. Our results exceed these guidelines at all times. It is likely that these findings will translate to other hospitals. Urgent measures are needed to rectify this.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maxwell-Armstrong
mesh_terms: D004739:England; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010362:Patients' Rooms