title: [Obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Parkinson's disease--report of two cases and review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is well established in treatment of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The judgement of clinical symptoms like daytime sleepiness and hypersomnolence with loss in concentration is complicated in patients with diagnosis of Morbus Parkinson (MP) because the disease itself and pharmacologic therapy may mimic clinical features of OSAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic pathways and differential diagnostic considerations are demonstrated in two case reports of patients with MP and OSAS. The cases are discussed within the framework of literature concerning sleep disturbances and MP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both cases respiration could be treated effectively by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Patients clearly responded to therapy and regained more daytime activity. The medication for MP was satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation and treatment of daytime sleepiness in patients with MP and obstructive sleep apnea need an interdisciplinary framework with a practitioner, a neurologist, and a sleep expert. Associated symptoms as increased nycturia, hypokinesia, restless-leg-symptoms, and depression as well as the effects of medication may mimic details of concomitant sleep apnea. Therefore, sleep diagnostic evaluation is recommended to rule out sleep apnea as a frequent cause for hypersomnolence.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde der Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck . armin.steffen@uk-sh.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graefe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahlerwein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wollenberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents