title: Qnr-like pentapeptide repeat proteins in gram-positive bacteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of Qnr-like pentapeptide repeat proteins (PRPs) from several gram-positive species with quinolone resistance in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PCR-based strategy was used to clone and express genes coding for Qnr-like PRPs in Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, C. difficile, Bacillus cereus and B. subtilis in Escherichia coli DH10B. MIC values of nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones were determined for reference strains and E. coli DH10B harbouring recombinant plasmids containing genes coding for PRPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amino acid identity of Qnr-like PRPs in gram-positive strains compared with that of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QnrA1, QnrB1 and QnrS1 was in the range of 16% to 22%. Recombinant plasmids coding for Qnr-like PRPs conferred reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (in the range of 0.016 to 0.064 mg/L for ciprofloxacin) and nalidixic acid (from 6 to 12 mg/L), depending on the antimicrobial agent and PRP. The PRP from B. subtilis showed no protective effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PRPs analysed conferred a reduced susceptibility phenotype in E. coli; the data provide further evidence of the possible roles in quinolone resistance of PRPs from different gram-positive species. These gram-positive species may constitute a reservoir for Qnr-like quinolone resistance proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain. jmrodriguez@us.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martínez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briales
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Conejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015363:Quinolones