title: Menstrual cycle synchronization, ovarian stimulation, and in vitro fertilization in olive baboons (Papio anubis): a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To synchronize the baboon menstrual cycle and to compare different methods of ovarian stimulation for IVF in baboons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten female baboons were treated with an oral contraceptive (33 +/- 8 days) and randomized for ovarian stimulation in two cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  In cycle 1 (C1), baboons were stimulated as follows: clomiphene citrate (CC) for 5 days followed by antagonist (group CC-1, n = 3); recombinant gonadotropins (rGn: rFSH and rLH) with antagonist (group antagon-1, n = 3); and long GnRH agonist protocol (group LP-1, n = 4). After 1- month rest, in cycle 2 (C2), the baboons were stimulated as follows: CC for 8 days without antagonist (group CC-2, n = 2); short GnRH agonist protocol (group SP-2, n = 4); long GnRH agonist protocol (group LP-2, n = 4). Oocyte aspiration was performed 34-36 hours after injecting 5000 IU recombinant hCG; the oocytes were then fertilized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocytes retrieved and fertilization rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Withdrawal bleeding occurred 4 +/- 1 days after the cessation of the contraceptive. Ovarian stimulation using the different protocols resulted in the following mean numbers of retrieved oocytes: LP-1, n = 19; LP-2, n = 19; CC-1, n = 4; CC-2, n = 4; antagon-1, n = 9; and SP-2, n = 14. Fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection varied (23%-54%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The baboon menstrual cycle can be synchronized using an oral contraceptive. A long GnRH agonist protocol for ovarian stimulation may be suitable for ovarian stimulation in baboons.
authors.affiliation: Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Atunga
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyachieo
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spiessens
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mwenda
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: D'Hooghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*; D048530:Papio anubis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate; D002996:Clomiphene; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C062876:cetrorelix