title: Laterally transferred genomic islands in Xanthomonadales related to pathogenicity and primary metabolism.
abstract: Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is considered as one of the drivers in bacterial genome evolution, usually associated with increased fitness and/or changes in behavior, especially if one considers pathogenic vs. non-pathogenic bacterial groups. The genomes of two phytopathogens, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, were previously inspected for genome islands originating from LGT events, and, in this work, potentially early and late LGT events were identified according to their altered nucleotide composition. The biological role of the islands was also assessed, and pathogenicity, virulence and secondary metabolism pathways were functions highly represented, especially in islands that were found to be recently transferred. However, old islands are composed of a high proportion of genes related to cell primary metabolic functions. These old islands, normally undetected by traditional atypical composition analysis, but confirmed as product of LGT by atypical phylogenetic reconstruction, reveal the role of LGT events by replacing core metabolic genes normally inherited by vertical processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanessa C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Apuã C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Paquola
authors.forename: Alessandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Van Sluys
authors.forename: Carlos F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Menck
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D044404:Genomic Islands; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D053532:Xanthomonas axonopodis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors