Novel treatment approaches to fibrosis in scleroderma.
The molecular mechanisms leading to tissue fibrosis were only poorly understood in the past, and even today the cause or trigger of systemic sclerosis is still unknown. Remarkable breakthrough findings have been obtained regarding the identification of key molecules, key cellular mechanisms, and key intracellular signaling cascades, which mediate the perpetuation of fibrosis rather than trigger it. These findings have true translational implications, because modifiers of these key mediators and key mechanisms are often in clinical use in other disease indications, such as cancer. This article summarizes the clinical and preclinical evidence of examples of these novel antifibrotic treatment approaches in systemic sclerosis, including stem cell transplantation, modifiers of transforming growth factor-beta1 signaling, intravenous immunoglobulins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors.
Distler
Jörg
J
Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Distler
Oliver
O
D017321:Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents