title: Pendulum appliances with 2 anchorage designs: conventional anchorage vs bone anchorage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects obtained with 2 types of pendulum appliance with different anchorage designs: bone-anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA) and conventional pendulum appliance (CPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 39 patients (25 girls, 14 boys) with Angle Class II molar relationships. Correction of the molar relationship was achieved with the BAPA with palatal intermaxillary fixation screws for anchorage in the first group (n = 22) and with the CPA in the second group (n = 17). Lateral cephalograms before treatment and at the end of distalization were measured, and changes in the groups and the differences between the groups were analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average distalization times were 6.8 months for the BAPA group and 5.1 months for the CPA group. The maxillary first molars were tipped 9.1 degrees in the BAPA group and 5.3 degrees in the CPA group; the molars moved distally 4.8 mm in the BAPA group and 2.7 mm in the CPA group. Despite mesialization of the premolars and proclination of the incisors with the CPA, both premolars were spontaneously distalized, and the incisors were retruded with the BAPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The amount of distal molar movement was similar between the BAPA and the CPA. No anchorage loss or spontaneous distal premolar and incisor movement, which might decrease total treatment time, was seen with the BAPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey. omur@baskent.edu.tr
authors.forename: Omür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Polat-Ozsoy
authors.forename: Beyza Hancioğlu
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kircelli
authors.forename: Ayça
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arman-Ozçirpici
authors.forename: Z Ozgür
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Pektaş
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uçkan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008963:Molar / Q000503:physiopathology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*