title: Ureterointestinal strictures following Bricker ileal conduit: management via a percutaneous approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy is commonly performed via an ileal conduit using the Bricker method. However, 4-8% of these cases are complicated with stricture formation at the ureterointestinal junction. Thus, this could eventually lead to hydronephrosis and kidney loss in neglected patients. Few data exist concerning the outcomes of patients with ureterointestinal junction strictures managed via a percutaneous approach and balloon dilatation of the stricture. The potential of managing these strictures, using a stent replacement strategy, was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 patients (10 male, 4 female; age range 24-72 years) were enrolled in the study. Mean follow-up time was 30.9 months. Invasive bladder cancer was diagnosed in 11, neurogenic bladder in 2 and shrunk bladder after external beam radiation for prostate cancer in 1 patient. They were all managed by radical cystectomy followed by Bricker ileal conduit. In 6 cases, ureterointestinal strictures bilaterally were discovered, whereas unilateral (left-sided) strictures were noted to the remaining 8 patients. All strictures were managed via a percutaneous approach and balloon dilatation. A double J stent was placed at the end of the procedure and was regularly replaced after an interval of 3-6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A percutaneous nephrostomy was successfully placed in all patients. Double J stent insertion was possible in 18 of a total of 20 (90%) obstructed ureters. No major complications were observed in any of the cases while adequate renal function was preserved in all patients. Quality of life is not reported to be significantly compromised in any patient. Double J ureteral stent replacement is performed every 3-6 months in a retrograde fashion. One patient died in the follow-up period due to disease progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of a double J stent via a percutaneous approach seems to have offered a viable option in the management of ureterointestinal strictures in this patient population. In addition, periodical retrograde replacement of the stent probably does not constitute a factor compromising quality of life. However, further studies are required to justify these primary clinical data.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, 'Laiko' General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 17 Ag. Thoma St, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Paris
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Konstantinos G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Stravodimos
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kapetanakis
authors.forename: Poly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonardou
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koutallelis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adamakis
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantinides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods