Assessment of sexual health in aging men in Europe: development and validation of the European Male Ageing Study sexual function questionnaire.
BACKGROUND
Assessment of male sexual dysfunction has been the focus of substantial scientific effort. Less research has focused on the development of instruments for the measurement of sexual functioning in aging men.


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were: (i) to characterize the psychometric properties of a new brief, reliable, and valid measure of male sexual functioning for use in a large population survey of middle-aged and elderly European men; and (ii) specifically, to determine whether the new instrument, the European Male Ageing Study-sexual function questionnaire (EMAS-SFQ), discriminates between men with high and low levels of circulating testosterone (T) (total T, free T, and bioavailable T).


METHODS
One thousand six hundred men aged 40-79 years completed the self-administered EMAS-SFQ, the Beck depression inventory, and provided a blood sample for assessment of sex hormones. Eighty-five men aged 35-74 years completed the EMAS-SFQ twice, 2 weeks apart to examine the test-retest reliability of the instrument.


METHODS
Scores on the EMAS-SFQ in relation to age and T levels.


RESULTS
Principal component analysis showed that the EMAS-SFQ had four distinct domains (overall sexual functioning [OSF], masturbation, sexual functioning-related distress, and change in sexual functioning). The instrument demonstrated excellent internal and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity. Men with the lowest levels of total, free, and bioavailable T reported lower OSF scores compared to men with the highest T levels.


CONCLUSIONS
The EMAS-SFQ is a valid and reproducible instrument, sensitive to age and T levels. It should be suitable for the assessment of sexual health in population samples of men in epidemiological studies of aging.
O'Connor
Daryl B
DB
Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Corona
Giovanni
G
Forti
Gianni
G
Tajar
Abdelouahid
A
Lee
David M
DM
Finn
Joseph D
JD
Bartfai
Gyorgy
G
Boonen
Steven
S
Casanueva
Felipe F
FF
Giwercman
Aleksander
A
Huhtaniemi
Ilpo T
IT
Kula
Krzysztof
K
O'Neill
Terence W
TW
Pendleton
Neil
N
Punab
Margus
M
Silman
Alan J
AJ
Vanderschueren
Dirk
D
Wu
Frederick C W
FC
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
D013739:Testosterone