title: Sex hormone concentrations and gonad histology in brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to 17beta-estradiol and bisphenol A.
abstract: The impact of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) on steroid hormone levels and gonad development in brown trout (Salmo trutta) was determined. Exposure took place from 0 to 63 days post-fertilisation (dpf) and gonad development was followed till 400 dpf. The onset of xenoestrogen metabolism was examined by measurements of whole body concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and its conjugation product bisphenol A glucuronic acid (BPAGA). Exposure to 500 ng E2/l led to an increase in E2 levels in the embryos and fry while 10 ng E2/l did not. Metabolic conversion of BPA to BPAGA began during the first weeks of embryonic development. Few consistent effects were found on the sex differentiation of the brown trout. Only one intersex fish (4.5%) was found among male fish at 400 dpf exposed to 500 ng E2/l. Females with male germ cells among the normally developing oocytes were observed in all groups (in up to 50% of the female fish, independently of exposure regime). The fact that exposure to 500 ng E2/l only caused subtle effects in a small number of individuals indicates that exposure during early life stages results in little to no induction of endocrine disruption in brown trout.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University, Odense M, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lisette Bachmann
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindholst
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korsgaard
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bjerregaard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D014337:Trout / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D013739:Testosterone; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds