title: Pharmacist monitoring of QTc interval-prolonging medications in critically ill medical patients: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data exist regarding the value of pharmacist monitoring of drugs associated with QTc interval prolongation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the capability, clinical impact, and economic impact of pharmacists monitoring for drug-induced QTc interval prolongation in critically ill medical adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, parallel-group study, 149 consecutive medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients prescribed a QTc interval-prolonging drug at the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center were assigned on alternating days to an intervention group (clinical pharmacist on physician team monitored drugs using a standardized algorithm) or a standard care group (team without pharmacist using an algorithm). The monitoring algorithm used daily assessments of electrocardiograms and laboratory data to generate pharmacotherapeutic recommendations. The primary endpoint was the frequency of QTc interval prolongation (>500 msec at any time or an increase > or =60 msec over baseline). Secondary endpoints included QTc interval greater than 470 msec in women or greater than 450 msec in men, mean increase in QTc interval at 48 hours, recommendation acceptance rate, and cost of care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QTc interval prolongation occurred less frequently in the intervention group compared with the standard care group (19% vs 39%, respectively; p = 0.006). Incidence of QTc interval greater than 500 msec (13% vs 33%, respectively; p = 0.003) was also lower in the intervention group. Incidence of QTc interval increase of 60 msec or more over baseline (12% vs 21%, respectively; p = 0.12) and increase in QTc interval at 48 hours over baseline (mean +/- SD; 6.4 +/- 40.8 vs 18.2 +/- 42.3 msec, respectively; p = 0.097) were not significantly different between the groups. Algorithm-generated recommendations were accepted 70% of the time by the intervention group physician team. Total cost and cost per day were not significantly different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary study, pharmacist monitoring of QTc interval-prolonging drugs using a simple algorithm was feasible and reduced the risk of QTc interval prolongation. Further studies that monitor other proarrhythmic medications are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. tienng@usc.edu
authors.forename: Tien Mh
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Adrienne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Touchette
authors.forename: Karine N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Danskey
authors.forename: Tanya T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Puumala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D016638:Critical Illness; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration; D010865:Pilot Projects; D024382:Professional Role; D011446:Prospective Studies