title: Tape that increases medial longitudinal arch height also reduces leg muscle activity: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : To evaluate the initial effects of antipronation taping (APT) on foot posture and electromyographic (EMG) activity of tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) muscles during walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Five asymptomatic individuals who exhibited lower medial longitudinal arch height on a clinical assessment of gait walked on a treadmill for 10 min before and after the application of an APT technique-specifically, the augmented low-Dye. Arch height (AH) in standing as well as peak and average amplitude, duration, time of onset, and time of offset of recorded EMG activity during walking were analyzed for each condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : APT produced a mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) increase in AH of 12.9% (6.5-19.3; P = 0.005). Mean (95% CI) reductions in peak and average EMG activation of TA (peak: -23.9% (-34.0 to -13.9); average: -7.8% (-13.6 to -2.0)) and TP (peak: -45.5% (-77.3 to -13.7); average: -21.1% (-41.6 to -0.6)) were observed when walking with APT (P < 0.05). The APT also produced a small increase in duration of TA EMG activity of 3.7% (0.9-6.5) of the stride cycle duration, largely because of an earlier onset of EMG activity (4.4%; -8.1 to -0.8 of a stride cycle; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : APT reduces activity of the TA and TP muscles during walking while increasing AH, which provides preliminary evidence of its role in reducing the load of these key extrinsic muscles of the ankle and the foot. Follow-up study is required to evaluate these findings.
authors.affiliation: Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, AUSTRALIA.
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franettovich
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicenzino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D001458:Bandages; D004576:Electromyography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011187:Posture; D011403:Pronation / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing