title: Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in tauroursodeoxycholic acid-induced bile formation in cholestatic rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts anticholestatic effects in various cholestatic disorders and experimental models of cholestasis. Its taurine conjugate (TUDCA) stimulates bile salt secretion in isolated perfused rat livers (IPRL) under physiological, non-cholestatic conditions, in part by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent mechanisms. The role of MAPK in the anticholestatic effect of TUDCA, however, is unclear. Therefore, we studied the role of MAPK in the anticholestatic effect of TUDCA in IPRL and isolated rat hepatocytes (IRH) in taurolithocholic acid (TLCA)-induced cholestasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bile flow, biliary levels of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (GS-DNP) as a marker of hepatobiliary organic anion secretion and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hepatovenous effluate as a marker of hepatocellular damage in IPRL perfused with TUDCA and/or TLCA were determined in the presence or absence of MAPK inhibitors. In addition, phosphorylation of Erk 1/2 and p38(MAPK) induced by TUDCA and/or TLCA was studied by Western immunoblot in IPRL and IRH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TUDCA-induced bile flow was impaired by the Erk 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 in normal livers (-28%), but not in livers made cholestatic by TLCA. GS-DNP secretion was unaffected by PD98059 under both conditions. TUDCA-induced bile formation and organic anion secretion both in the presence and absence of TLCA were unaffected by the p38(MAPK) inhibitor SB202190. Erk 1/2 phosphorylation in liver tissue was unchanged after bile salt exposure for 70 min, but was transiently enhanced by TUDCA in IRH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAPK do not mediate the anticholestatic effects of TUDCA in TLCA-induced cholestasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerald Ulrich
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Denk
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hohenester
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wimmer
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Böhland
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rust
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Beuers