title: Unpasteurized milk consumption and subsequent risk of cancer.
abstract: Concerns have been raised regarding the possible adverse health effects of consumption of unpasteurized milk and risk of cancer. We examined the association of self-reported intake of unpasteurized milk with subsequent risk of cancer in a large population-based cohort study. The Iowa Women's Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 55-69 year old women at baseline in 1986. Of the 41,836 women in the cohort at baseline, 22,808 cancer-free women completed the fourth follow-up questionnaire in 1997. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Reported intake of unpasteurized milk was high: 59.2% consumed only as a child, 2.5% consumed only as an adult, and 16.5% consumed as a child and an adult. A total of 2,379 cancers were identified in the cohort at risk. Overall, the age-adjusted risk of cancer was lower among women who reported consumption of unpasteurized milk only as a child (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99) or as a child and an adult (RR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75-0.97). Adjustment for confounding factors attenuated these associations (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83-1.02 for consumption only as a child, and RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.79-1.04 for consumption as a child and an adult). These data suggest that consumption of unpasteurized milk does not increase risk of cancer.
authors.affiliation: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. Thomas.Sellers@Moffitt.org
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vierkant
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Djeu
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Celis
authors.forename: Alice H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nagi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cerhan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires