title: [Infant ametropias and their evolutions (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)].
abstract: Infant ametropias are defined as the whole optic caracteristics of the eyeball which do not allow a clear vision whithout functional disorder. As the sensorial maturity is only achieved at 4 to 5 years, the limits of ametropias are variable before that age. The majority of ametropias is constituted as early as 9 months and may be detected by a refractive examination under cycloplegia. This situation is especially true for hyperopia and astigmatism. The more important are initial ametropias the more unchanged they remain. At 9 months, 1 infant out of 5 present a non-physiological refraction. From 4 to 5 years, 1 child out of 4 needs a refractive correction. Significant myopias are uncommon in infants. They generally appear between 7 and 12 years.
authors.affiliation: Cabinet d'ophtalmologie, 17, rue de l'Yser, Paimpol. guy.clergeau@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clergeau
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D009184:Mydriatics; D009216:Myopia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics