title: Effect of drinks that are added as flavoring in oral midazolam premedication on sedation success.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Midazolam is one of the most frequently used agents for sedation in pediatric dentistry. The injectable form of midazolam can also be given orally. However, its bad taste has negative effects on ingestion of the drug. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of drinks which were added to mask the bitter taste of midazolam for drug acceptance and sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the laboratory; the pH values of 2.5 ml midazolam (15 mg x 3 ml(-1)) and the mixtures of Pepsi Cola, 10% sodium citrate, fresh pomegranate juice, and fresh grapefruit juice in equal volumes were measured. Seventy-five patients between 2 and 8 years of age who were assessed to have anxiety with the Frankl Behavior Scale and whose dental treatment was planned under sedation were randomly divided into five groups. Pepsi Cola (Group I), 10% sodium citrate (Group II), pomegranate juice (Group III), and grapefruit juice (Group IV) which were added to 0.75 mg x kg(-1) midazolam in equal volumes, and (Group V) 0.75 mg x kg(-1) midazolam given orally to children. The drug compliance of children was evaluated. After 15 min, 4-5 l x min(-1) of N(2)O : O(2) (40 : 60) inhalation was started via a nasal hood. During the procedure, heart rate, and SpO2 were monitored with pulse oximetry and sedation levels with the Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS). Anesthetist, dentist, and parental satisfaction levels were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups had similar demographics, drug ingestion was better in Groups I and II, but the mean RSS was the highest in Group II (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As well as making drug ingestion much simpler, the addition of sodium citrate to the midazolam administered orally to the children increased the effectiveness of sedation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. berrinisik@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Berrin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Ozgül
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baygin
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bodur
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001628:Beverages; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010092:Oximetry; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D008874:Midazolam