title: Immunomodulatory mechanisms during Echinococcus granulosus infection.
abstract: The pathologic events that ensue after humans ingest the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus and continue while cystic echinococcosis develops, provide an excellent example illustrating the evasive strategies helminth parasites use to develop, progress and cause chronic disease. The hydatid cyst secretes and exposes numerous immunomodulatory molecules to the host's immune system. By characterizing these molecules we can understand the mechanisms that E. granulosus uses for increasing the efficiency and persistency of infection in the host. These molecules modulate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response and appear to target cellular and humoral responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of host-E. granulosus interactions that provide intriguing insights into the complex interplay between host and parasite that ultimately facilitates parasite survival.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siracusano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riganò
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortona
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Profumo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Margutti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buttari
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delunardo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Università di Roma, "Sapienza", Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teggi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000276:immunology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008074:Lipoproteins; C514022:antigen B, Echinococcus granulosus; D054464:Peroxiredoxins