title: Changes in muscle, fat and bone mass after 36 weeks of maximal androgen blockade for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on whole-body and regional muscle, fat and bone mass in men with prostate cancer without metastatic bone disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two men aged 44-88 years underwent spine, hip and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans at baseline and after 36 weeks of ADT. The change in whole-body and regional lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), and bone mineral content and density (BMD) were determined. In addition, the prostate specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone and haemoglobin levels were measured, and the level of physical activity and fatigue assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The upper limb, lower limb, trunk and whole-body LM decreased by a mean (sem) of 5.6 (0.6)%, 3.7 (0.5)%, 1.4 (0.5)% and 2.4 (0.4)% (P < 0.01), respectively, while FM increased by 20.7 (3.3)%, 18.7 (2.7)%, 12.0 (2.5)% and 13.8 (2.3)% (P < 0.001). Hip, spine, whole-body and upper limb BMD decreased by 1.9 [corrected] (0.3)% [corrected], 3.3 [corrected] (0.4)%, 1.6 [corrected] (0.3)% and 1.3 (0.3%) (P < 0.001), but not lower limb BMD. Serum testosterone, PSA and haemoglobin levels decreased by 93.3 (0.4)%, 98.2 (0.5)%, and 8.8 (0.9)% (P < 0.001), respectively. In addition, physical activity levels decreased and levels of fatigue increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 36 weeks of ADT there was a significant decrease in whole-body and regional LM and bone mass, while whole-body and regional FM increased in older men with prostate cancer. Strategies to counteract changes in soft tissue and bone mass during ADT should be formulated to minimize the risk of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Vario Health Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Galvão
authors.forename: Nigel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Spry
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Taaffe
authors.forename: Robert U
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rowling
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prince
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013739:Testosterone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen