title: An increased risk for non allo-immunization related intrauterine fetal death in RhD-negative patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate immediate perinatal outcome of RhD-negative patients carrying RhD-positive fetuses who received antenatal Rh immunoglobulin for the prevention of RhD-mediated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective population-based analysis was conducted comparing pregnancies of all RhD-negative women who received antenatal Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis (anti-D), to RhD-positive parturients, during the years 1988-2003. All women were RhD-negative without evidence of RhD sensitization. Patients received anti-D during the 28-30th week of pregnancy, and an additional dosage within 72 hours following delivery after confirmation of the newborn's RhD status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 145,437 deliveries during the study period, 6.8% were of RhD-negative women (n = 9961). Perinatal mortality rate was significantly higher among the RhD-negative women who received antenatal prophylaxis rhesus immunoglobulin as compared with the controls (17/1000 vs. 12/1000, OR = 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.6; p < 0.001). This higher mortality rate was related to a higher rate of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) (10/1000 vs. 6/1000, OR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.2-1.9; p < 0.001). The association remained significant after controlling for RhD isoimmunization leading to hydrops fetalis, using the Mantel-Haenszel technique (weighted OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.5; p = 0.001). The rate of RhD isoimmunization was 0.6% (n = 58). Using a multivariable analysis with IUFD as the outcome variable, controlling for known confounders for fetal demise, RhD-negative status was an independent risk factor for IUFD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RhD-negative women carrying RhD-positive newborns are at an increased risk for IUFD despite Rh immunoprophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Gila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ben-David
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheiner
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012203:Rh Isoimmunization / Q000517:prevention & control; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; D018029:Rho(D) Immune Globulin