title: Dermatologic manifestations of underlying infectious disease among illicit injection-drug users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug use patterns and serious bloodborne infections commonly have dermatologic manifestations among illicit injection-drug users (IDUs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess how self-reported skin conditions of IDUs may correlate with underlying infectious diseases after adjustment for drug use patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective analysis of factors associated with self-reports of skin rashes, cellulitis, oral lesions, and lymphadenopathy obtained from 1,065 IDUs enrolled in a large cohort study. Variables potentially associated with each outcome were evaluated using multivariate generalized estimating equations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analyses, drug use patterns were associated with cellulitis, whereas human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hepatitis C (HCV) were not. HCV infection was independently associated with skin rashes (odds ratio [OR] 1.85; 95% CI 1.17-2.94). HIV infection was independently associated with lymphadenopathy (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.52-2.63), skin rash (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.57-2.86), and oral lesions (OR 14.95; 95% CI 9.41-23.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reports of IDUs, which could easily be obtained as part of a functional inquiry in a clinical setting, correlate with specific drug use patterns and underlying bloodborne infections.
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, AB.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blondin
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Tyndall
authors.forename: Julio S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005076:Exanthema / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*