title: Oral analgesia before pediatric ketamine sedation is not associated with an increased risk of emesis and other adverse events.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the association between recent administration of oral analgesics and frequency of adverse events during ketamine sedation in pediatric patients undergoing fracture reduction in the emergency department (ED). This retrospective study was conducted in the ED of a large, urban pediatric teaching hospital. Subjects were patients aged <or= 18 years seen between November 1, 2004 and October 31, 2005 who received ketamine sedation for fracture reduction. Patients with and without prior oral analgesia within 6 h of ED presentation were compared with respect to emesis and other post-sedation complications. Of 471 evaluable patients who underwent ketamine sedation, 201 received oral analgesia within 6 h. The groups with and without recent oral analgesia were similar in age, weight, and fasting duration for solid foods. Ketamine doses (in mg/kg) were slightly greater in the no prior oral analgesic group (1.40 mg/kg vs. 1.54 mg/kg, respectively, mean difference 0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.26 to -0.03]). Among patients receiving oral analgesia, 10 of 201(5%) experienced emesis, in contrast to 7 of 270 (2.6%) in the no oral analgesic group, (difference in proportions 2.4% [95% CI -1.1 to 6.5]). Total adverse events were comparable for groups receiving oral analgesia (5%) or no oral analgesia (5.6%, difference in proportions -0.6% [95% CI -4.7% to 3.9%]). No association was found between administration of oral analgesia before procedural sedation and anesthesia and the frequency of emesis or other adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA.
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Ghazala Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Sharieff
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kanegaye
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stebel
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007649:Ketamine