title: High frequency of gastroduodenal cytomegalovirus infection in liver transplant patients.
abstract: The prevalence and significance of cytomegalovirus (CMV) detected in biopsy specimens from the gastroduodenal mucosa of liver transplant patients, patients with chronic or acute liver failure and immunocompetent patients with dyspeptic symptoms were evaluated. 80 liver transplant patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, 132 patients with chronic and 25 with acute liver failure, and 33 immunocompetent, dyspeptic patients underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopies, with biopsies from the duodenum and stomach. CMV was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in frozen sections, using a monoclonal antibody against CMV-specific antigens (pp65 matrix protein), and in paraffin sections by a monoclonal antibody against delayed early protein (p52). 71% of the liver transplant patients, 45% of the patients with chronic liver disease, 20% with acute liver failure, and 45% of the immunocompetent, dyspeptic patients had CMV-positive findings in the gastroduodenal mucosa (liver transplant patients vs other groups, p<0.01). Histopathological findings in CMV-positive samples were focal inflammation, including increased inflammation of the lamina propria, infiltrating leukocytes intra-epithelially, regenerative changes in the epithelial cells and inclusion bodies. In conclusion, CMV-positive cells and inclusions are often found in the gastroduodenal mucosa of liver transplant patients, as well as in patients suffering from chronic liver disease or even in otherwise healthy patients with dyspeptic symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, and Transplant Unit Research Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. leena.halme@hus.fi
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halme
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lempinen
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arola
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkio
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höckerstedt
authors.forename: Irmeli
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lautenschlager
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001706:Biopsy; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C044582:immediate-early proteins, cytomegalovirus; D015774:Ganciclovir