title: Prevalence of chronic pain in a representative sample in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic pain is a common reason for seeking medical care. We estimated the prevalence of chronic regional and widespread pain in the United States population overall, and by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the data from 10,291 respondents who participated in the 1999-2002 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) and completed a pain questionnaire. Items allowed classification of chronic (>or=3 months) pain as regional or widespread. We used regression models to test the association of sex and race/ethnicity with each pain outcome, adjusting for age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic pain prevalence estimates were 10.1% for back pain, 7.1% for pain in the legs/feet, 4.1% for pain in the arms/hands, and 3.5% for headache. Chronic regional and widespread pain were reported by 11.0% and 3.6% of respondents, respectively. Women had higher odds than men for headache, abdominal pain, and chronic widespread pain. Mexican-Americans had lower odds compared with non-Hispanic whites and blacks for chronic back pain, legs/feet pain, arms/hands pain, and regional and widespread pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The population prevalence of chronic pain in the United States was lower than previously reported, with smaller sex-related differences and some variation by race/ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: University of Duesseldorf--Psychosomatics, Rheinische Kliniken, Bergische Landstr. 2 Duesseldorf, Germany. jochen.hardt@gmx.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hardt
authors.forename: Clemma
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Dedra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchwald
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology