title: Comprehensive study of the parameters influencing the detection of organotin compounds by a pulsed flame photometric detector in sewage sludge.
abstract: An investigation of the operating conditions of a pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) system for the determination of organotin compounds (OTCs) in sewage sludge is reported. During the analyses, some spectral interferences were observed. For their elimination detector parameters such as gate delay and gate width were investigated. In addition, the applicability of three different internal standards was evaluated. Under optimised analytical conditions (gate delay 3 ms, gate width 2 ms, tripropyltin as internal standard) limits of detection (LOD) were determined. The LOD for butyltins ranged between 8 and 16 ng Sn g(-1), for phenyltins around 8 ng Sn g(-1) and for octyltins between 5 and 10 ng Sn g(-1). Since there is no certified reference material (CRM) available for sewage sludge, the accuracy of the analytical procedure was checked by the analysis of CRM PACS-2 (marine sediment) and a spiked sludge sample. Good agreement between determined and certified values was obtained. Sewage sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant was analysed and the results compared with data from the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. tea.zuliani@ijs.si
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Gaetane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lespes
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Milacic
authors.forename: Janez
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scancar
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potin-Gautier
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D005410:Flame Ionization; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014001:Tin / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D009947:Organotin Compounds; D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water; D014001:Tin