title: Application of digital speckle photography to flash X-ray studies of internal deformation fields in impact experiments.
abstract: A technique to measure two-dimensional deformation fields of a layer inside materials during dynamic events such as impact experiments is presented. Even optically opaque materials like cement can be evaluated when flash x rays are used. Blocks of polyester and cement were prepared with a layer of x-ray-absorbing lead particles. The specimens were then hit by a 9-mm-diameter steel sphere (ball bearing) fired from a 9-mm-bore gas gun at a velocity of 373.5 +/- 3.0 ms(-1). A 30-ns-long x-ray pulse exposed one radiograph before impact; another radiograph was exposed a short time after the impact on the specimen. The two-dimensional displacement field was obtained when the x-ray radiographs were digitized by a conventional flatbed scanner, and a digital speckle photography algorithm was used to calculate the displacements. The flash x-ray technique allowed examination of the deformation at the layer inside the material during failure, thus giving interesting data about the material flow field around the impactor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK. pelle@mt.luth.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Synnergren
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Goldrein
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Proud