title: Acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors during cancer therapy.
abstract: Selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as important therapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of human malignancies. Although several of these inhibitors have marked clinical activity, it is widely recognized that the overall value of these agents is substantially limited by the acquisition of drug resistance, which eventually arises in most, if not all treated patients. Mechanisms of drug resistance are beginning to be elucidated through the molecular analysis of clinical specimens as well as through cell culture modeling. By identifying resistance mechanisms, it should be possible to develop 'second-generation' inhibitors as well as rational drug combinations that can overcome or even prevent acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors, thereby enhancing clinical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Engelman
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settleman
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases