title: Cost-effectiveness of usual general practitioner care with or without antidepressant medication for patients with minor or mild-major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minor depression is common in primary care and associated with increased health care costs. Many mildly depressed patients are prescribed antidepressants, although there is insufficient information on the cost-effectiveness of antidepressants for these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether usual care without antidepressants is equivalent to (i.e. as effective as and as expensive as) usual care with antidepressants in patients with minor or mild-major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severity of depression was measured using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using the EuroQol. Resource use was measured from a societal perspective using cost diaries. Bootstrapping was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equivalence could not be shown for improvement in MADRS score or QALYs gained at 52 weeks. The mean (95% CI) difference in total costs between usual care without antidepressants and usual care with antidepressants was -euro751 (-3601; 1522). Using an equivalence margin of euro500 equivalence in costs could not be shown. In the cost-effectiveness analyses equivalence also could not be shown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was underpowered for economic outcomes. Another limitation was the loss-to-follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although equivalence could not be shown in the costs and cost-effectiveness analyses, 95% confidence intervals also did not show that usual care without antidepressants was vastly superior or inferior to usual care with antidepressants. Therefore, we recommend general practitioners to show restraint when prescribing antidepressants to mildly depressed patients.
authors.affiliation: Health Technology Assessment Unit, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. judith.bosmans@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.forename: Marleen L M
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hermens
authors.forename: Martine C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Bruijne
authors.forename: Hein P J
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van Hout
authors.forename: Berend
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terluin
authors.forename: Lex M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
authors.forename: Wim A B
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Stalman
authors.forename: Maurits W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Tulder
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D016527:Drug Costs; D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents