title: Cytokines secreted by IL-2-activated lymphocytes induce endogenous nitric oxide synthesis and apoptosis in macrophages.
abstract: IL-2-activated killer (LAK) cells secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, which can induce NO synthesis (NOS). In this study, we investigated IL-2-activated lymphocyte-mediated macrophage apoptosis via NOS. LAK cells and their culture supernatants induced NOS in murine macrophages. NOS was markedly inhibited by blocking antibodies to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, suggesting the key role of these lymphocyte cytokines in mediating NOS. Endogenous NO production inhibited macrophage proliferation and induced apoptosis in concordance with p53 accumulation and caspase-3 activation, processes that were inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (a NOS inhibitor) and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (a NO scavenger). Our study demonstrated a novel, noncontact-dependent mechanism of macrophage suppression by IL-2-activated lymphocytes: induction of growth inhibition and apoptosis of macrophages as a result of endogenous NOS induced by cytokines secreted from IL-2-activated lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Seong
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun-Kee
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chang-Yeol
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015979:Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D053148:Caspase 3