title: Massive tongue swelling in refractory status epilepticus treated with high-dose pentobarbital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential causes of acquired macroglossia are extensive. The authors report two cases of subacute marked tongue swelling resulting in airway compromise in patients with refractory status epilepticus requiring prolonged pentobarbital coma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospitalization histories of the reported patients were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tongue swelling completely resolved in one case and significantly improved in the other after discontinuation of pentobarbital infusion or switching to phenobarbital. The authors speculate that the causes were multifarious, likely a combination of localized angioedema due to barbiturate vehicle and triggered by an initial tongue bite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive tongue swelling causing airway obstruction can occur well beyond the acute phase of status epilepticus and may potentially cause problems with extubation in nontracheotomized patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Alexander Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Zubkov
authors.forename: Eelco F M
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wijdicks
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Manno
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Rabinstein
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotagal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005928:Glossitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010424:Pentobarbital