title: Effects of iron oxide incorporation for long term cell tracking on MSC differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Successful cell therapy will depend on the ability to monitor transplanted cells. With cell labeling, it is important to demonstrate efficient long term labeling without deleterious effects on cell phenotype and differentiation capacity. We demonstrate long term (7 weeks) retention of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo, detectable by MRI. In vitro, multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic) was demonstrated by histological evaluation and molecular analysis in SPIO labeled and unlabeled cells. Gene expression levels were comaparable to unlabeled controls in adipogenic and chondrogenic conditions however not in the osteogenic condition. MSCs seeded into a scaffold for 21 days and implanted subcutaneously into nude mice for 4 weeks, showed profoundly altered phenotypes in SPIO labeled samples compared to implanted unlabeled control scaffolds, indicating chondrogenic differentiation. This study demonstrates long term MSC traceability using SPIO and MRI, uninhibited multilineage MSC differentiation following SPIO labeling, though with subtle but significant phenotypical alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Room Ee1651a, Dr Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wielopolski
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavljasevic
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Tiel
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jahr
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verhaar
authors.forename: Harrie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weinans
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krestin
authors.forename: Fergal J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Gerjo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernsen
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010087:Oxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide