title: Role of mu-calpain in human decidua for recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier, we showed that calpain activated by increasing intracellular calcium ion concentration in endometrial cells, causes endometrial dysfunction for implantation and early pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated the existence and distribution of calpains, calpastatin, integrin beta3 and alpha-fodrin in decidua from patients with recurrent miscarriage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Deciduae were surgically collected from 29 patients with recurrent miscarriage and 20 healthy women with informed consent. Immunohistochemistry, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and western blot analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Staining of mu-calpain, m-calpain, calpastatin, integrin beta3 and alpha-fodrin were observed in the cytoplasm of stromal and epithelial cells in decidua using immunohistochemistry. No significant differences were observed in staining patterns. Western blot analysis showed no significant differences in expression of m-calpain, calpastatin and alpha-fodrin, whereas mu-calpain was significantly higher and integrin beta3 was lower in subject.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that cleavage of integrin beta3 by mu-calpain may have an adverse effect on the mechanism of early pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Tamao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Mitsushi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Tadahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuno
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Mayumi S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002154:Calpain / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D002154:Calpain; C449000:m-calpain; C449002:mu-calpain