title: PVA-alginate immobilized cells for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process.
abstract: The feasibility of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process combined with a cell-immobilization technique for autotrophic nitrogen removal was investigated. Anammox biomass was cultivated from local activated sludge and achieved significant anammox activity in 6 months. The development of a mature anammox biomass was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and off-line activity measurements. The abundance fraction of the anammox bacteria determined by FISH analysis was estimated by software. The anaerobic ammonia oxidizers occupied almost half of the total cells. Additionally, the anammox biomass was granulated as spherical gel beads of 3-4 mm in diameter by using a cell-immobilization technique. The nitrogen removal activity was proved to be successfully retained in the beads, with about 80% of nitrogenous compounds (NH(4) (+), NO(2) (- )and total nitrogen) removed after 48 h. These results offer a promising technique for the preservation of anammox microorganisms, the protection of them against the unfavorable surroundings, and the prevention of biomass washout towards the implementation of sustainable nitrogen elimination biotechnology. This is the first report on the immobilization of anammox biomass as gel beads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Tungnan University, No.152, Sec.3, Pei-Shen Rd., Shen-Kun Village, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tsung-Hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: Yu-Jou
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Wen-Po
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Szu-Kung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008863:Microspheres; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D009584:Nitrogen