title: Comparing lymphadenectomy during radical nephroureterectomy: open versus laparoscopic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) is an accepted treatment for tumors of the ureter and renal pelvis, although the ability to perform a regional lymphadenectomy has been criticized. We compared the quality of lymphadenectomy with LNU with that involving open nephroureterectomy (ONU) to determine whether oncologic principles are maintained.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched our institutional database for patients who had undergone ONU from 1990 to 2005. These were compared with a series of patients from January 2003 to April 2007 who underwent LNU. From each patient's medical records, we assessed the number of lymph nodes removed, the number of positive nodes removed, and the density of positive nodes. The differences between groups were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum statistical test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 106 patients who underwent ONU with lymphadenectomy and 28 who underwent LNU with lymphadenectomy. The median number of nodes removed, median number of positive nodes, and median density of positive nodes were, respectively, 3, 0, and 0 for the ONU group; and 6, 0, and 0, for the LNU group. There was a statistically significant difference between groups with respect to the number of nodes removed (P = 0.01) but not with respect to the number of positive nodes removed (P = 0.61) or the lymph node density (P = 0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offsetting the benefits of laparoscopy could be a flawed oncologic technique. We have demonstrated that lymphadenectomy, which is a potentially important component of nephroureterectomy, can be performed as well during LNU as it is with ONU when a dedicated effort is made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: J Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Surena F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Matin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery