Performance and process in collective and individual memory: the role of social decision schemes and memory bias in collective memory.
To assess performance and processes in collective and individual memory, participants watched two job candidates on video. Beforehand, half the participants were told they would be tested on their memory of the interviews, and the other half were asked to make a decision to hire one of the candidates. Afterwards, participants completed a recognition memory task in either a group or individual condition. Groups had better recognition memory than individuals. Individuals made more false positives than false negatives and groups exaggerated this. Post-hoc analysis found that groups only exaggerated the tendency towards false positives on items that reflected negatively on the job candidate. There was no significant difference between instruction conditions. When reaching consensus on the recognition task, groups tended to choose the correct answer if at least two members had the correct answer. This method of consensus is discussed as a factor in groups' superior memory performance.
Van Swol
Lyn M
LM
Department of Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. vanswol@wisc.edu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D013690:Television