[The importance of the second generation adjuvanted systems in "new" vaccines].
The so called "first generation adjuvants" have been based on aluminium salts and they were added to vaccines composition to enhance immune response to vaccine antigen. Formerly produced vaccines contained inactivated or attenuated microorganisms, which were able to promote all necessary signals for high immune response. Nevertheless there was also produced immune response and also adverse events to antigens, which were not necessary for protection. Vaccinology has been further developed with possibility to produce recombinant and subunit antigens, which were needed for protection against infection. It was necessary to intensify targeted immune response against recombinant antigen, for fast and long term protection. Such need stimulated research for development of "adjuvanted systems of the second generation", which were tailored to particular antigen. Former adjuvants were based on stimulation of adaptive immunity. Contrary the first the second generation of adjuvanted systems is based on Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP). By binding to Toll-like receptors (mostly TLR-4) as a part of innate immunity, they are able to influence adaptive immunity including humoral and also cellular arm of immune system. Licensed vaccines with second generation of adjuvant systems are Cervarix and Fendrix vaccines and in development are vaccines against malaria and genital herpes. Also for pre-pandemic vaccines is used new generation of adjuvanted systems.
Beran
Jirí
J
Centre of vaccination and travel medicine, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. jiri.beran@vakcinace.cz
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007110:Immunity, Active / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines; C510352:human papillomavirus vaccine, L1 type 16, 18