title: Mental practice improves hand function after hemiparetic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a multiple baseline design, we tested the hypothesis that imagery of finger movements is a specific strategy to improve hand function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of mental training of sequential finger movements (n=6) on hand function was compared to the repetitive execution of the same movements (n=6) and conventional physical therapy (n=5) in 17 patients after their first hemiparetic stroke. The behavioral outcome measures consisted of peak force of the pinch grip using a force transducer and manipulation functions of the upper extremity (Jebsen-test). In addition, activities of daily living (Barthel Index) were acquired to describe the population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mental training resulted in an increase in the peak force of the pinch grip and generalized in a better functionality of the upper extremity (Jebsen-test). This effect was similar to the repetitive execution of the movements and superior to conventional physiotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the control of finger movements benefits from mental training of sequential finger movements and, thus, may be employed as a strategy in post-stroke rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Therapy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. katharina.mueller@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bütefisch
authors.forename: Rüdiger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hömberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D013997:Time Factors