title: Microglia inhibition is a target of mild hypothermic treatment after the spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  A basic study using a spinal cord injury (SCI) model in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effect of mild hypothermic treatment on histological changes and motor function after a rat spinal cord compression injury was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mild spinal cord compression was performed at the eleventh thoracic vertebral level by a 20 g weight for 20 min. Rats in the mild hypothermic model were kept at a body temperature of 33 degrees C and rats in the normothermic group were kept at 37 degrees C for 1 h from beginning of compression. Motor function was evaluated by measuring the frequency of standing. Microglia were stained by isolectin B4 and observed in the compressed portion of the spinal cord. The amount of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the compressed spinal cord was measured by the ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normothermic rats, microglia proliferated up to 72 h after the compression. Proliferation was substantially inhibited at 48 and 72 h after compression in the hypothermic rats. The motor function of the hypothermic rats improved at 48 and 72 h after the compression, whereas no improvement was seen in the normothermic rats. The amount of TNF-alpha in the compressed portion of the spinal cord was lower in hypothermic rats compared with normothermic rats throughout the experiment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that hypothermic treatment is effective for the amelioration of delayed motor dysfunction via inhibition of microglial inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ehime University, School of Medicine, Tohon, Ehime, Japan. morino@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morino
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takeba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000379:methods; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D037102:Lectins; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha