title: A comparative case study on active transport to and from school.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates active-transport-to-school initiatives through the Active Living by Design Community Action Model framework. The framework outlines five strategies that influence physical activity: preparation, promotion, programs, policies, and physical projects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparative case study was conducted to investigate active-transport-to-school initiatives at two North Carolina schools. A group of key stakeholders from each site was interviewed (N = 16), including principals, physical education teachers, public safety officers, city planners, regional transportation planners, city council members, and parent representatives. Content analysis was carried out using NVivo software, and data were evaluated using the framework.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Applications designed around all five strategies positively influenced active-transport-to-school programs. Both schools used similar strategies including promotional tactics, policies, and physical projects; however, only one used all five strategies. The scope and duration of these strategies varied by school and ultimately seemed to influence their success. Enablers and challenges to active-transport-to-school programs were identified, including funding, school location, available infrastructure, community involvement, school support, parental buy-in, and sufficient program promotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of the strategies, not their mere presence or use, proved important in active-transport-to-school programs. These results suggest that a multidisciplinary approach that develops promotional materials, resources, school support, and environmental changes to sustain factors that influence parental buy-in will prove critical to the success of future walk-to-school initiatives.
authors.affiliation: American Planning Association, 1776 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. cfesperman@planning.org
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fesperman
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Evenson
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvesen
mesh_terms: D003153:Community Health Services; D003256:Community Participation; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D006293:Health Promotion; D010290:Parents; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students; D014186:Transportation; D014481:United States