title: [Survey of synthetic disinfectants in grapefruit seed extract and its compounded products].
abstract: Grapefruit seed extract (GSE), derived from the seeds of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MCAF.), is listed as a natural food additive in Japan. Products containing GSE are used as disinfectants made from only natural sources, especially after Japanese researchers found that GSE prevents the growth of norovirus. On the other hand, recent overseas studies indicated that synthetic disinfectants, such as benzalkonium and benzethonium chlorides, were present in some commercial GSE products. To confirm the quality of commercial GSE products available in Japanese markets, we carried out comprehensive research to identify the major constituents of commercial GSE products which are used as food additives (13 products from 6 manufacturers), dietary supplements (5 products from 4 manufacturers), cosmetic materials (16 products from 10 manufacturers) and disinfectant or deodorant sprays (7 products from 7 manufacturers). By means of NMR and LC/MS analysis, synthetic disinfectants such as benzethonium or benzalkonium salts were detected in most of the commercial GSE products.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroyanagi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Young Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunugi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanamoto
mesh_terms: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D001558:Benzethonium / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000737:chemistry*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D005503:Food Additives; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001558:Benzethonium