title: Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies on tryprostatin A, an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein.
abstract: Tryprostatin A is an inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein, consequently a series of structure-activity studies on the cell cycle inhibitory effects of tryprostatin A analogues as potential antitumor antimitotic agents have been carried out. These analogues were assayed for their growth inhibition properties and their ability to perturb the cell cycle in tsFT210 cells. SAR studies resulted in the identification of the essential structural features required for cytotoxic activity. The absolute configuration L-Tyr-L-pro in the diketopiperazine ring along with the presence of the 6-methoxy substituent on the indole moiety of 1 was shown to be essential for dual inhibition of topoisomerase II and tubulin polymerization. Biological evaluation also indicated the presence of the 2-isoprenyl moiety on the indole scaffold of 1 was essential for potent inhibition of cell proliferation. Substitution of the indole N(a)-H in 1 with various alkyl or aryl groups, incorporation of various L-amino acids into the diketopiperazine ring in place of L-proline, and substitution of the 6-methoxy group in 1 with other functionality provided active analogues. The nature of the substituents present on the indole N(a)-H or the indole C-2 position influenced the mechanism of action of these analogues. Analogues 68 (IC(50)=10 microM) and 67 (IC(50)=19 microM) were 7-fold and 3.5-fold more potent, respectively, than 1 (IC(50)=68 microM) in the inhibition of the growth of tsFT210 cells. Diastereomer-2 of tryprostatin B 8 was a potent inhibitor of the growth of three human carcinoma cell lines: H520 (IC(50)=11.9 microM), MCF-7 (IC(50)=17.0 microM) and PC-3 (IC(50)=11.1 microM) and was equipotent with etoposide, a clinically used anticancer agent. Isothiocyanate analogue 71 and 6-azido analogue 72 were as potent as 1 in the tsFT210 cell proliferation and may be useful tools in labeling BCRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
authors.forename: Hiteshkumar D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Chunchun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiaoxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Deveau
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Dieckhaus
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Kirsten S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kakeya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010879:Piperazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D010879:Piperazines; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014404:Tubulin; C097858:tryprostatin A; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II