title: Influence of atrial fibrillation on plasma von willebrand factor, soluble E-selectin, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels in systolic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as well as in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have normal cardiac function. It is unknown whether AF influences the degree of endothelial dysfunction in patients with systolic HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and E-selectin (as indexes of endothelial damage/dysfunction and endothelial activation, respectively; both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in patients with AF and HF (AF-HF), who were compared to patients with sinus rhythm and HF (SR-HF), as well as in age-matched, healthy, control subjects. We also assessed the relationship of vWF and E-selectin to plasma N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP), a marker for HF severity and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ninety patients (73% men; mean age, 69.0 +/- 10.1 years [+/- SD]) with systolic HF were studied, who were compared to 117 healthy control subjects: 52 subjects (27%) were in AF, while 138 subjects (73%) were in sinus rhythm. AF-HF patients were older than SR-HF patients (p = 0.046), but left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class were similar. There were significant differences in NT-proBNP (p < 0.0001) and plasma vWF (p = 0.003) between patients and control subjects. On Tukey post hoc analysis, AF-HF patients had significantly increased NT-proBNP (p < 0.001) and vWF (p = 0.0183) but not E-selectin (p = 0.071) levels when compared to SR-HF patients. On multivariate analysis, the presence of AF was related to plasma vWF levels (p = 0.018). Plasma vWF was also significantly correlated with NT-proBNP levels (Spearman r = 0.139; p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence of greater endothelial damage/dysfunction in AF-HF patients when compared to SR-HF patients. The clinical significance of this is unclear but may have prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Bethan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Freestone
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Aun Yeong
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Corell
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kistorp
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; C099254:N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor