title: Pancreas-kidney transplantations with primary bladder drainage followed by enteric conversion: graft survival and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the Leiden University Medical Centre, a two-step approach is routinely used in simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantations: primary bladder drainage (BD) followed by elective enteric conversion. The rationale for this approach is to prevent the short-term disadvantages of primary enteric drainage (intra-abdominal abscesses, pancreas graft loss) and the long-term urological complications related to bladder drainage. Aim of the present study is to evaluate survival and (urological) complications of this approach compared to enteric drainage (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient records of all 98 SPK transplantations in the period 1997-2004 were reviewed for complications during the initial hospitalization until 30 days after discharge, and to assess urological complications and graft survival until the last hospital visit. Median duration of follow-up was 4.3 years for pancreas graft survival, 4.7 years for kidney graft survival, and 4.8 years for patient survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient survival was significantly better in BD patients than in ED patients (chi2=9.89 P<0.01). Pancreas graft survival was also better in BD patients after adjustment for the longer pancreas warm ischemia time in BD patients (P=0.05). The survival rates in our patient population seem higher than reported by the International Pancreas Transplant Registry, particularly in BD patients. Urological complications occurred in nine BD patients (10.3%), comparable to the rates reported for enteric-drained grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This two-step approach of SPK transplantation results in excellent survival rates, with urological complication rates comparable to those reported for enteric-drained grafts, and may thus be viewed as a safe and effective procedure of SPK transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. p.j.marang@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Perla J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marang-van de Mheen
authors.forename: Hugo W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Nijhof
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khairoun
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haasnoot
authors.forename: Paul J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Boog
authors.forename: Andrzej G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Baranski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*