title: Efficiency calibration of the first multilayer-coated holographic ion-etched flight grating for a sounding rocket high-resolution spectrometer.
abstract: We have fabricated the four flight gratings for a sounding rocket high-resolution spectrometer using a holographic ion-etching technique. The gratings are spherical (4000-mm radius of curvature), large (160 mm x 90 mm), and have a laminar groove profile of high density (3600 grooves/mm). They have been coated with a high-reflectance multilayer of Mo/Si. Using an atomic force microscope, we examined the surface characteristics of the first grating before and after multilayer coating. The average roughness is approximately 3 A rms after coating. Using synchrotron radiation, we completed an efficiency calibration map over the wavelength range 225-245 A. At an angle of incidence of 5 degrees and a wavelength of 234 A, the average efficiency in the first inside order is 10.4 +/- 0.5%, and the derived groove efficiency is 34.8 +/- 1.6%. These values exceed all previously published results for a high-density grating.
authors.affiliation: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Barbee
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Heidemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gursky
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rife
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cruddace