title: Hypertension and exposure to noise near airports: the HYENA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increasing number of people are exposed to aircraft and road traffic noise. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and even a small contribution in risk from environmental factors may have a major impact on public health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The HYENA (Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports) study aimed to assess the relations between noise from aircraft or road traffic near airports and the risk of hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured blood pressure and collected data on health, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, via questionnaire at home visits for 4,861 persons 45-70 years of age, who had lived at least 5 years near any of six major European airports. We assessed noise exposure using detailed models with a resolution of 1 dB (5 dB for United Kingdom road traffic noise), and a spatial resolution of 250 x 250 m for aircraft and 10 x 10 m for road traffic noise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found significant exposure-response relationships between night-time aircraft as well as average daily road traffic noise exposure and risk of hypertension after adjustment for major confounders. For night-time aircraft noise, a 10-dB increase in exposure was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.29]. The exposure-response relationships were similar for road traffic noise and stronger for men with an OR of 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99-2.40) in the highest exposure category (> 65 dB; p(trend) = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate excess risks of hypertension related to long-term noise exposure, primarily for night-time aircraft noise and daily average road traffic noise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, United Kingdom. l.jarup@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jarup
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Babisch
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Houthuijs
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pershagen
authors.forename: Klea
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsouyanni
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cadum
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savigny
authors.forename: Ingeburg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seiffert
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Breugelmans
authors.forename: Gösta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bluhm
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selander
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haralabidis
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dimakopoulou
authors.forename: Panayota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sourtzi
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velonakis
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vigna-Taglianti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000401:Aircraft; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors