title: [Endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest and breasts approach in 500 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the method, the safety, the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest and breasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  From Mar. 2002 to Dec. 2006, endoscopic thyroidectomy via anterior chest and breast approach was performed in 500 patients, including 76 cases of Grave's disease (1 case had an opened operation history), 111 cases of thyroid adenoma, 291 cases of nodular goiter (10 cases have 1-2 opened thyroidectomy history, 2 cases secondary of hyperthyroidism), and 22 cases of thyroid carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The endoscopic thyroidectomy was successfully carried out in 492 cases, including tumor enucleation in 50 cases, partial lobectomy in 210 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 212 cases (including 73 cases of Graves' disease), and lobectomy in 16 cases of thyroid carcinoma. The operative time length ranged from 40 to 270 min (mean 74.5 min). Mean operative blood loss was 5.5 ml (3-250 ml), no cases underwent blood transfusion. The drainage was taken out in the second or third days postoperatively. Postoperative hospital stay ranged from 3 to 8 days (mean 4.2 days). There were some complications including subcutaneous bleeding (3 cases), burn of the epidermal (1 case), inflammation of the incision (2 cases), subcutaneous bruising (3 cases), subcutaneous effusion (6 cases), thyroid crisis (1 case), and temporarily hoarseness of 2 cases. There were no complications such as permanence damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve or parathyroid glands. The complication rate was 3.6% (18/492). The hospital charges ranged from 7600 to 13,500 RM yuan. The average cost of endoscopic thyroidectomy was 10,510 RM yuan, in contrast to 5700 RM yuan for the open thyroidectomy patients. The post-operative following-up was 3 to 57 months (mean 27 months). All the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic results and the same curative effects as conventional surgery were obtained. However, 3 cases of nodular goiter, 1 case of thyroid carcinoma, and 1 case of Grave's disease were recurrence. The operations were converted into open surgery in 8 cases. The 22 cases with carcinoma were survival until now.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic thyroidectomy is a safe and effective method of thyroid surgery. Since all the minimal incisions are on concealed parts of the body, the obvious cosmetic effect of this method is guaranteed. Some disadvantages such as complications and more costs are needed to be improve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630 Guangzhou, China. wangcunchuan@tom.com
authors.forename: Cun-chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jing-ge
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: You-zhu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult