title: Investigation of aural bacterial and fungal flora following otitis in captive okapi (Okapia johnstoni).
abstract: Ten cases of otitis in nine captive okapi were observed at a captive zoological institution. Duration of clinical signs ranged from 3 days to 7 months. Two individuals each had a recurrence. A variety of fungi and bacteria were isolated from the aural canals of healthy okapi and their environments. Numerous different bacterial and fungal pathogens were cultured. Surveys investigating the occurrence of ear disease and related environmental factors from 15 other institutions that house okapi revealed otitis was only seen at one institution. While it appears that many bacterial and fungal pathogens are found in the okapi ear canal, it is suspected that environmental conditions, such as fungal load, air and hay quality, humidity, and temperature may be predisposing factors leading to ear infections in this species.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. mattallender@utk.edu
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Allender
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langan
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Citino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000382:microbiology; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010032:Otitis Externa / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents