title: The hominoid-specific oncogene TBC1D3 activates Ras and modulates epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and trafficking.
abstract: Hominoid- and human-specific genes may have evolved to modulate signaling pathways of a higher order of complexity. TBC1D3 is a hominoid-specific oncogene encoded by a cluster of eight paralogs on chromosome 17. Initial work indicates that TBC1D3 is widely expressed in human tissues ( Hodzic, D., Kong, C., Wainszelbaum, M. J., Charron, A. J., Su, X., and Stahl, P. D. (2006) Genomics 88, 731-736 ). In this study, we show that TBC1D3 expression has a powerful effect on cell proliferation that is further enhanced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in both human and mouse cell lines. EGF activation of the Erk and protein kinase B/Akt pathways is enhanced, both in amplitude and duration, by TBC1D3 expression, whereas RNA interference silencing of TBC1D3 suppresses the activation. Light microscopy and Western blot experiments demonstrate that increased signaling in response to EGF is coupled with a significant delay in EGF receptor (EGFR) trafficking and degradation, which significantly extends the life span of EGFR. Moreover, TBC1D3 suppresses polyubiquitination of the EGFR and the recruitment of c-Cbl. Using the Ras binding domain of Raf1 to monitor GTP-Ras we show that TBC1D3 expression enhances Ras activation in quiescent cells, which is further increased by EGF treatment. We speculate that TBC1D3 may alter Ras GTP loading. We conclude that the expression of TBC1D3 generates a delay in EGFR degradation, a decrease in ubiquitination, and a failure to recruit adapter proteins that ultimately dysregulate EGFR signal transduction and enhance cell proliferation. Altered growth factor receptor trafficking and GTP-Ras turnover may be sites where recently evolved genes such as TBC1D3 selectively modulate signaling in hominoids and humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Marisa J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wainszelbaum
authors.forename: Audra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Charron
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srikanth
authors.forename: M Alejandro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gygi
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stahl
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D054875:Ubiquitination; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C467563:TBC1D3 protein, human; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D018631:ras Proteins