title: How do patients perceive the benefits and risks of peripheral angioplasty? Implications for informed consent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore perceptions of benefits and risks of patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty and to investigate factors that modify them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty during a 12-month period (134 men and 66 women; mean age, 68.8 years; age range, 37-94 years) were interviewed by one interventional radiologist who asked 18 questions with regard to the risks and benefits of this procedure. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups of 100 patients. The first group answered questions with use of a recognized risk assessment chart. The other group answered without the aid. Depending on the referral pathway, patients received the institution's patient information sheet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 200 patients, 178 (89%) thought that they would have at least a 75% (three in four) chance of benefiting from angioplasty. Eighty patients (40%) thought they would definitely benefit from angioplasty. One hundred one patients (50%) thought the test would be painful. Fifty-four patients (27%) thought there would be no radiation exposure. Forty-one patients (21%) realized there was a chance of needing emergency surgery. Sixty-seven patients (34%) thought the test was easier than anticipated. Previous peripheral angioplasty altered perceptions of benefit (P = .012), but not risk. The use of a risk assessment chart altered perceptions of benefit (P = .049). The use of a patient information sheet predicted (made more realistic) the patients' perceptions of risks (P = .012) and benefits (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who undergo peripheral angiography tend to underestimate the risks and overestimate the benefits of peripheral angioplasty. The patient information sheet and risk assessment tool used in this study altered patient perceptions of risks and benefits of the procedure and, therefore, aid informed consent.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals-Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Radiology Department, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Said B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Teik C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ell
authors.forename: Ashley M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Groves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment