title: Chronic kidney disease risk reduction in a Hispanic population through pharmacist-based disease-state management.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of a pharmacist-based disease-state management service to improve the care of indigent, predominately Spanish-speaking patients with diabetes mellitus and common comorbid conditions at high risk for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients at high risk for developing CKD who have diabetes at a community health center were placed in a pharmacist-based disease state management service for CKD risk reduction. A residency-trained, bilingual, certified diabetes educator, with a PharmD served as the patient's provider using diagnostic, educational, and therapeutic management services under a medical staff approved collaborative practice agreement. Outcomes were assessed by using national standards of care for disease control and prevention screening. The impact on CKD was shown with a mean A1C decrease of 2% and improvement in the proportion of patients at target goals for blood pressure, A1C, and cholesterol levels and receiving aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. A pharmacist-based disease-state management service for CKD risk reduction, care of diabetes, and frequently associated comorbid conditions improved compliance with national standards for diabetes care in a high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: El Rio Community Health Center, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001130:Arizona / Q000453:epidemiology; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010595:Pharmacists; D015397:Program Evaluation; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior