title: Caffeinated coffee blunts the myocardial protective effects of statins against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We asked whether caffeinated coffee (CC) blunts the infarct size (IS)-limiting effects of atorvastatin (ATV).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Adenosine receptor activation is essential for mediating the IS-limiting effects of statins. Caffeine is a nonspecific adenosine receptor blocker, and thus drinking CC may block the myocardial protective effects of statins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat received 3-day ATV (10 mg/kg/day) or water by oral gavage once daily. Drinking water was replaced by water + sugar (7.5 g/100 ml), CC with sugar, or decaffeinated coffee (DC) with sugar. On the 4th day, rats were anesthetized and underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 4 h reperfusion. Area at risk was assessed by blue dye and infarct size by TTC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body weight and area at risk was comparable among groups. IS was 25.1 +/- 3.9% of the area at risk in the control group. In rats not receiving ATV, CC (25.5 +/- 3.1%) and DC (34.0 +/- 2.8%) did not affect IS. IS was significantly reduced by ATV in the water + sugar (11.7 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.015) and DC (11.5 +/- 1.0%; p < 0.001) groups, but not in the CC group (32.3 +/- 3.0%; p = 0.719). ATV increased myocardial levels of Ser-473 phosphorylated Akt in the water + sugar and DC groups, but not in the CC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CC, but not DC, abrogated the IS-limiting effects of ATV by blocking the adenosine receptors and preventing the phosphorylation of Akt. CC did not affect IS in rats not receiving ATV.
authors.affiliation: The Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 5.106 John Sealy Annex, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0553, USA.
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Ghassan H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Abu Said
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Saraswathy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manickavasagam
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McAdoo
authors.forename: Regino J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Perez-Polo
authors.forename: Yochai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003069:Coffee; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D002110:Caffeine; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt