title: Computed CD4 percentage as a low-cost method for determining pediatric antiretroviral treatment eligibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The performance of the WHO recommendations for pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) in resource poor settings is insufficiently documented in routine care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared clinical and immunological criteria in 366 children aged 0 to 12 years in Kinshasa and evaluated a simple computation to estimate CD4 percent, based on CD4 count, total white blood cell count and percentage lymphocytes. Kappa (kappa) statistic was used to evaluate eligibility criteria and linear regression to determine trends of CD4 percent, count and total lymphocyte count (TLC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement between clinical and immunological eligibility criteria was poor (kappa = 0.26). One third of children clinically eligible for ART were ineligible using immunological criteria; one third of children immunologically eligible were ineligible using clinical criteria. Among children presenting in WHO stage I or II, 54 (32%) were eligible according to immunological criteria. Agreement with CD4 percent was poor for TLC (kappa = 0.04), fair for total CD4 count (kappa = 0.39) and substantial for CD4 percent computational estimate (kappa = 0.71). Among 5 to 12 years old children, total CD4 count was higher in younger age groups (-32 cells/mm3 per year older), CD4 percent was similar across age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age-specific thresholds for CD4 percent optimally determine pediatric ART eligibility. The use of CD4 percent computational estimate may increase ART access in settings with limited access to CD4 percent assays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. callens@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Steven F J
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Callens
authors.forename: Faustin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kitetele
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lusiama
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shabani
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edidi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colebunders
authors.forename: Frieda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Behets
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Rie
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011203:Poverty; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents