title: Heparin cryoprecipitation reduces plasma levels of non-traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that heparin cryoprecipitation (HCP), an in vitro method of plasma purification, reduces the levels of in vivo modified proteins and non-traditional risk factors from plasma of atherosclerotic hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCP was applied to plasma obtained from HD patients and controls, forming a precipitate--cryogel. Levels of fibrinogen, albumin, CRP, TNF-alpha, IL-6, advanced oxidation protein products, carbonylated fibrinogen and carbonylated albumin were determined in plasma before and after applying HCP and in the cryogel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of HD plasma with HCP, beyond the significant reduction of the increased levels of all the above-mentioned molecules, reduced fibrinogen, TNF-alpha, carbonylated fibrinogen and carbonylated albumin to control levels which were simultaneously found in the cryogel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCP applied to plasma enables the simultaneous precipitation of modified molecules and circulating non-traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. This study may serve as a base for the future development of a clinical purification technique.
authors.affiliation: Eliachar Research Laboratory, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel. ednameilin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meilin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kristal
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005615:Freezing; D005782:Gels; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005782:Gels; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012709:Serum Albumin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006493:Heparin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein