title: High glucose induction of DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor NFkappaB in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether high glucose induces aldose reductase (AKR1B1) expression through NFkappaB, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. 34 Caucasoid patients with type 1 diabetes were recruited; 20 nephropaths and 14 long-term uncomplicated subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured under normal or high glucose (25 mmol/l of d-glucose) with or without an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI). High glucose increased NFkappaB binding activities in the PBMCs from nephropaths compared to the uncomplicated subjects (1.77+/-0.22 vs. 1.16+/-0.04, p=0.02). ARI induced a substantially greater decrease of NFkappaB binding activities in the nephropaths compared to the uncomplicated subjects (0.58+/-0.06 vs. 0.79+/-0.06, p=0.032). AKR1B1 protein levels in the nephropaths were increased under high glucose conditions and decreased in the presence of an ARI, whilst the silencing of the NFkappaB p65 gene in vitro reduced the transcriptional activities of AKR1B1 in luciferase assays. These results show that NFkappaB induces AKR1B1expression under high glucose conditions, and the pattern of expression differs between nephropaths and the uncomplicated subjects.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK.
authors.forename: Bingmei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodgkinson
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.forename: Beverley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Millward
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Demaine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D004247:DNA; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D005947:Glucose