title: Coping skills training and contingency management treatments for marijuana dependence: exploring mechanisms of behavior change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Achieving abstinence in the treatment of marijuana dependence has been difficult. To date the most successful treatments have included combinations of motivation enhancement treatment (MET) plus cognitive-behavioral coping skills training (CBT) and/or contingency management (ContM) approaches. Although these treatment approaches are theoretically based, their mechanisms of action have not been explored fully. The purpose of the present study was to explore mechanisms of behavior change from a marijuana treatment trial in which CBT and ContM were evaluated separately and in combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dismantling design was used in the context of a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The setting was an out-patient treatment research facility located in a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 240 adult marijuana smokers, meeting criteria for cannabis dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were assigned to one of four 9-week treatment conditions: a case management control condition, MET/CBT coping skills training, ContM and MET/CBT + ContM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures were total 90-day abstinence, recorded every 90 days for 12 months post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of treatment condition, abstinence in near-term follow-ups was predicted most clearly by abstinence during treatment, but long-term abstinence was predicted by use of coping skills and especially by post-treatment self-efficacy for abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that the most efficacious treatments for marijuana dependence are likely to be those that increase self-efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. litt@nso.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Litt
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kadden
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kabela-Cormier
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Petry
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009042:Motivation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016896:Treatment Outcome