title: Effect of schedule of reinforcement on cue-elicited reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.
abstract: Cocaine-associated cues can elicit incentive motivational effects that drive cocaine-seeking behavior and contribute to relapse. The extinction/reinstatement model is commonly used to measure these effects in animals. This study examined the influence of training and testing schedules of reinforcement on cue-elicited reinstatement. Lever presses during training resulted in cues and cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/IV) on either continuous or partial reinforcement schedules [fixed ratio (FR) 1 or 11, variable ratio (VR) 5 or 11]. Animals then underwent extinction training, followed by a test for cue-elicited reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior by response-contingent cue presentations on either a continuous (FR 1) or a partial reinforcement schedule (FR 11). Partial reinforcement during training resulted in higher response rates during cue-elicited reinstatement relative to continuous reinforcement. In contrast, delivery of cues on a continuous reinforcement schedule during testing yielded higher response rates relative to delivery on a partial reinforcement schedule. Finally, the shift from a partial to a continuous reinforcement schedule across training and testing phases did not alter response rates. These findings provide important information for choosing parameters for reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior that would allow the most sensitive method to detect changes in response rate after an experimental manipulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Jazmin I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Thiel
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sanabria
authors.forename: Jenny R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Neisewander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine