title: Adjuvant therapeutic plasma exchange in liver failure: assessments of clinical and laboratory parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) seems to be an effective approach for clearing toxins, immune-mediated antigens, and other particles from the circulation. The aim of this study was to analyze the positive effects of TPE on clinical and biochemical parameters of liver failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2001 and March 31, 2005 individuals (men/women, 17/14; median age, 42.7+/-15.8 y) with acute and chronic liver failure who underwent a total of 113 TPEs (median session 3.7) were retrospectively reviewed. TPE was performed using the Fresenius AS-TEC 204 cell separator (Fresenius AG, Germany). The indication for TPE was severe coagulopathy (prothrombin time >20 s), severe hepatic encephalopathy, hyperbilirubinemia, and candidacy for liver transplantation. All patients were examined before and immediately after the last TPE session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with baseline, there was significant improvement in hepatic encephalopathy stage (from median score 3.0 to 1.0, P=0.001), serum prothrombin time (from median 26.0 to 20.0 s, P=0.003), aminotransferases (P<0.001), and total bilirubin levels (from median 35.0 to 23.3 mg/dL, P<0.001) after TPE. Thirteen of the thirty-one individuals (41.9%) died in the hospital. The mean follow-up period of 18 survival patients was 35.9+/-5.6 months and 10 of those survived (55.6%, 10/18). No serious adverse effect of TPE was observed in any of the patients during or after completion of TPE. Only 6 patients experienced minor transfusion reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPE seems to be effective in improving hepatic encephalopathy stage and liver tests in individuals with acute and chronic liver failure. The data suggest that TPE is safe and tolerable in such individuals, however, overall survival remains poor despite TPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bektas
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idilman
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soykan
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soydan
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arat
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coban
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuzun
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozkaya
authors.forename: Necati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ormeci
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010951:Plasma Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin