title: Proteomics and cardiovascular disease: an update.
abstract: Proteomics has unraveled important questions in the biology of cardiovascular disease and holds even greater promise for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This approach may establish early detection strategies, and monitor responses to therapies. Technological advances (most notably blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electrospray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), analysis of MALDI-derived peptides in Time-of-Flight (TOF) analyzers, and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) and bioinformatics for data handling and interpretation allow a large-scale identification of peptide sequence and post-translational modifications. Moreover, combination of proteomic biomarkers with clinical phenotype, metabolite changes, and genetic haplotype information is promising for the physician assessment of individual cardiovascular risk profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Complesso S. Andrea delle Dame, 1st School of Medicine, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Balestrieri
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giovane
authors.forename: Francesco Paolo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020543:Proteome