title: An improved PID switching control strategy for type 1 diabetes.
abstract: In order for an "artificial pancreas" to become a reality for ambulatory use, a practical closed-loop control strategy must be developed and validated. In this paper, an improved PID control strategy for blood glucose control is proposed and critically evaluated in silico using a physiologic model of Hovorka et al. [1]. The key features of the proposed control strategy are: 1) a switching strategy for initiating PID control after a meal and insulin bolus; 2) a novel time-varying setpoint trajectory; 3) noise and derivative filters to reduce sensitivity to sensor noise; and 4) a practical controller tuning strategy. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed control strategy compares favorably to alternatives for realistic conditions that include meal challenges, incorrect carbohydrate meal estimates, changes in insulin sensitivity, and measurement noise.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Principi e Impianti di Ingegneria Chimica, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barolo
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zisser
authors.forename: Dale E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Seborg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin