Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity is associated with development of distant metastases and prostate cancer mortality in men treated with radiotherapy and androgen-deprivation therapy.
BACKGROUND
In men with prostate cancer, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity (PSAV) has been demonstrated as a predictor of biochemical and survival outcomes in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). The utility of pretreatment PSAV in predicting outcomes after radiotherapy (RT), with or without androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), is less certain. This study was undertaken to determine whether pretreatment PSAV is associated with biochemical disease-free survival, patterns of recurrence, and survival outcomes in men treated with radiation therapy and ADT.


METHODS
Two hundred seventy-seven patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer treated with RT and ADT formed the study cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate whether PSAV was associated with disease outcomes.


RESULTS
The median age of diagnosis was 70 years, and the median follow-up was 6.8 years. Men with a PSAV in the highest quartile tended to have higher risk disease at presentation (P = .028). After adjustment for known prognostic factors and duration of ADT, men who had a PSAV in the highest quartile had an increased risk of distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 4.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.61-9.9 [P = .003]) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.27-5.95 [P = .01]) compared with men who had a lower PSAV, but had no increase in the risk of local recurrence (P = .76).


CONCLUSIONS
A high pretreatment PSAV was associated with distant metastasis and prostate cancer-specific mortality but not with local recurrence. A high pretreatment PSAV may signify the presence of occult metastatic disease. Randomized trials are needed to determine whether more aggressive intervention is required in men who present with high pretreatment PSAV.
Palma
David
D
Radiation Oncology Program, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada. dpalma@bccancer.bc.ca
Tyldesley
Scott
S
Pickles
Tom
T
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen