title: Strenuous exercise activates growth factors and chemokines over-expression in human serum of top-level triathlon athletes during a competitive season.
abstract: Regular exercise offers protection against all-cause mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. There is evidence that physical training is effective as a treatment in patients with chronic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes. With excessive repetition of the training stimulus, local inflammation can generate a systemic inflammatory response. Cytokines play an important role in these processes. Our data confirm that cytokines that are considered to induce systemic bioactivity following exercise are not alone, but also growth factors and chemokines, which are secreted in exercise without the involvement of traditional proinflammatory cytokines, could be potent angiogenic factors.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banfi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Migliorini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedroni
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galliera
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dogliotti
authors.forename: Alexis E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Malavazos
authors.forename: Massimiliano M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Corsi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013177:Sports
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins