title: Rostral anterior cingulate volume predicts treatment response to cognitive-behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To index the extent to which treatment response in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is predicted by rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used structural magnetic resonance imaging in a 1.5 T scanner to examine subjects with PTSD (n = 13), traumatized control subjects (n = 13) and nontraumatized control subjects (n = 13). Subjects with PTSD then participated in 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy, after which we reassessed them for PTSD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to voxel-based morphometry, treatment responders had larger rACC volume than nonresponders. Further, symptom reduction was associated with larger rACC volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with evidence for the neural bases of extinction learning, PTSD patients with larger rACC volume may be better able to regulate fear during cognitive-behavioural therapy and thus achieve greater treatment gains.
authors.affiliation: Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. r.bryant@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Felmingham
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peduto
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome