Experimental approach to measuring functional food consumption for risk factor surveillance.
OBJECTIVE
To develop and integrate the assessment of functional foods (FuF; manufactured foods with altered composition carrying a health claim) consumption into an existing risk factor surveillance system.


METHODS
FuF market research followed by an experimental FuF intake study incorporated into an ongoing community-based survey. Concurrent completion of a self-administered semi-quantitative FFQ and a self-administered, qualitative FuF frequency questionnaire (FuFFQ) followed by a face-to-face control step using FuF photographs and combined food group-based data analyses.


METHODS
'Bus Santé' risk factor surveillance programme, Geneva/Switzerland.


METHODS
Population-based random sample of 639 residents (52 % women, aged 35-74 years) surveyed from September 2003 to April 2004.


RESULTS
Local Geneva/French neighbourhood market research identified 148 FuF in five major FuF food groups which were compiled into a functional ingredient database. Prior to the face-to-face verification, 210 (33 %) individuals categorized themselves as FuF consumers, 429 (67 %) as non-consumers. The control step revealed that 70 % of the 639 participants were already familiar with the FuF concept, and thus were correctly self-categorized as FuF consumers or non-consumers. For the remaining 30 % of participants the true FuF consumption status was established, resulting in a final number of 285 FuF consumers (45 %; 12 % net increase) and 354 (55 %) non-consumers.


CONCLUSIONS
The developed self-administered, brief, qualitative food group-based FuF frequency check list in combination with an FFQ and a photo-assisted control step provides a flexible assessment tool for measuring FuF consumption in the context of a specific fluctuating FuF market and may be applicable to other population settings and times.
Beer-Borst
Sigrid
S
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. sigrid.beer@bfh.ch
Costanza
Michael C
MC
Morabia
Alfredo
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland