title: Eubacterium plautii infection in a kidney transplant recipient: a noteworthy case of pleural effusion and fever.
abstract: We report a noteworthy case of Eubacterium plautii infection after kidney transplantation. Our 33-yr-old transplant recipient received standard care; his post-transplant course was uneventful. However, on day 44 he underwent an emergency laparotomy for perforation of the ileum. He was initially treated with ceftazidime, fluconazole and metronidazole, but his fever persisted, so he was switched to meropenem and vancocin. We could not find any cause for his infection. On day 70, his temperature normalized. On day 75, he developed severe leukopenia (280 cell/mL). His cytomegalovirus-DNA test result was negative, so all immunosuppressants, except for prednisone, were stopped; instead, antibiotic prophylaxis was started, using caspofungin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. On day 83, he underwent percutaneous drainage of massive left pleural effusion. We repeatedly cultured the pleural liquid, but it was not till three wk later that we were finally able to identify the causative organism. We hypothesize that the microorganism - which normally resides on the surface of the intestinal lumen - entered the bloodstream via bacterial translocation, eventually colonizing the pleurae. This translocation was favored by our patient poor clinical condition, his immunosuppressive treatment and his heavy antibiotherapy. Our experience highlights the need for wiser use of antibiotics in transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy. giuseppe_orlando@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastrantonio
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.forename: Pierpaolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Cocco
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabilio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Famulari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications