title: Geochemical and geostatistical investigations of chromium pollution in groundwater.
abstract: Geochemical and geostatistical study of the chromium concentration in groundwater occurring at variable depths of 12 to 33.5 m (40 to 110 ft) in the Karachi urban area of Pakistan have been made. Samples were collected at variable distances, with a maximum of 1 km interval, on the bases of population, industries, types, and density. The chromium concentration has also been worked out to deduce the threshold value of the area under study and the estimation of probability impact modeling, in terms of concentration variation, by using the disjunctive kriging technique. The outcome of the present work appears to be a good tool to decipher pollution variation in the groundwater of highly urbanized areas, with respect to the population and industries. The patterns of distribution of chromium concentration in groundwater and pollution hotspots in particular localities appear to be more related to the types of industries than to the effect of population types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan. azhars@uok.edu.pk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Zaigham
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mallick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mumtaz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saied
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010154:Pakistan; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium