Sex and gender in older adults' experience of Parkinson's disease.
OBJECTIVE
This article reports on the gendered experience of Parkinson's disease (PD). Data derived from 15 months of ethnographic study among community-dwelling older adults living with PD in eastern Iowa.


METHODS
The study utilized several methods: participant observation at PD support group meetings, illness narrative interviews with PD sufferers, and a questionnaire.


RESULTS
A total of 171 PD sufferers (106 men, 65 women) enrolled in the study. Illness narratives revealed gender differences in the impact of specific symptoms on daily life: Women's narratives emphasized the impact of the on/off effect and "thinking problems," whereas men's narratives emphasized the consequences of their physical appearance. In comparison, quantitative data found little sex difference in symptomatology.


CONCLUSIONS
The comparison of qualitatively and quantitatively derived data reveals the importance of attending to both sex and gender. Qualitative data demonstrate how the meaning of PD symptoms is gendered and illustrate an example of how gender and sex research differ. All narratives reflect the importance of role continuity, but men's put at the forefront appearance and social isolation whereas women's underscore their relational aspects of domestic activities. These data imply that providers must look beyond symptomatology to the gendered saliency of particular somatic phenomena.
Solimeo
Samantha
S
Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Samantha@Solimeo.com
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012928:Social Desirability; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires