title: Effect of muscle metaboreflex activation on carotid-cardiac baroreflex function in humans.
abstract: Whether the activation of metabolically sensitive skeletal muscle afferents (i.e., muscle metaboreflex) influences cardiac baroreflex responsiveness remains incompletely understood. A potential explanation for contrasting findings of previous reports may be related to differences in the magnitude of muscle metaboreflex activation utilized. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the influence of graded intensities of muscle metaboreflex activation on cardiac baroreflex function. In eight healthy subjects (24 +/- 1 yr), the graded isolation of the muscle metaboreflex was achieved by post-exercise ischemia (PEI) following moderate- (PEI-M) and high- (PEI-H) intensity isometric handgrip performed at 35% and 45% maximum voluntary contraction, respectively. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured continuously. Rapid pulse trains of neck pressure and neck suction (+40 to -80 Torr) were applied to derive carotid baroreflex stimulus-response curves. Mean blood pressure increased significantly from rest during PEI-M (+13 +/- 3 mmHg) and was further augmented during PEI-H (+26 +/- 4 mmHg), indicating graded metaboreflex activation. However, the operating point gain and maximal gain (-0.51 +/- 0.09, -0.48 +/- 0.13, and -0.49 +/- 0.12 beats.min(-1).mmHg(-1) for rest; PEI-M and PEI-H) of the carotid-cardiac baroreflex function curve were unchanged from rest during PEI-M and PEI-H (P > 0.05 vs. rest). Furthermore, the carotid-cardiac baroreflex function curve was progressively reset rightward from rest to PEI-M to PEI-H, with no upward resetting. These findings suggest that the muscle metaboreflex contributes to the resetting of the carotid baroreflex control of HR; however, it would appear not to influence carotid-cardiac baroreflex responsiveness in humans, even with high-intensity activation during PEI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Colin N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fadel
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D017704:Baroreflex; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002346:Carotid Sinus / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012018:Reflex