title: Cytotoxicity and proteomics analyses of OSU03013 in lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most lung cancer patients have some resistance to and suffer from side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Thus, identification of a novel anticancer drug with better target selectivity for lung cancer treatment is urgently needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to investigate whether OSU03013, a derivative of celecoxib, can be a potential drug for lung cancer treatment, we examined its cytotoxicity mechanisms by flow cytometry and phosphatidylserine staining in A549, CL1-1, and H1435 lung cancer cell lines, which are resistant to the conventional drug, cisplatin. In addition, we identified the affected proteins by proteomics and confirmed the selected proteins by Western blot analysis. We examined the interaction between OSU03013 and potential target protein by molecular modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results indicated that OSU03013 had low-dose (1 approximately 4 microM) cytotoxicity in all lung cancer cell lines tested 48 hours posttreatment. OSU03013 caused cell cycle G1 phase arrest and showed phosphatidylserine early apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Several proteins such as heat shock protein 27, 70, and 90, CDC2, alpha-tubulin, annexin A3, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and beta-catenin were identified by proteomics and confirmed by Western blot. In addition, molecular modeling showed that OSU03013 competes with ATP to bind to cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified for the first time that OSU03013 inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity and causes dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta leading to beta-catenin degradation, which is often overexpressed in lung cancer. Our molecular and proteomic results show the potential of OSU03013 as an anticancer drug for lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kung-Hsueh
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Topp
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ying-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hsiu Mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hsieh-Li
authors.forename: Hsueh-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C528969:OSU03013; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases