title: Recovering value from beef carcasses classified as dark cutters by United States Department of Agriculture graders.
abstract: Effects of the dark-cutting condition were examined on commercially slaughtered beef carcass sides that were classified into groups exhibiting 1/3, 1/2, and full degrees of the dark-cutting (DEGDC) condition, as evaluated by a USDA-Agricultural Marketing Service grader (n = 20 per group). Twenty-nine muscles of each carcass side were evaluated to determine the ultimate pH and color (L*, a*, and b*). Fourteen beef muscles (biceps femoris, deep pectoral, chuck complexus, gluteus medius, infraspinatus, latissimus dorsi, psoas major, longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, triceps brachii long head, tensor fasciae latae, and vastus lateralis) were evaluated using Warner-Bratzler Shear force (WBSF) and a trained sensory panel. The muscle x DEGDC interaction was significant for ultimate pH, L*, a*, and b* values (P < 0.05). When ultimate pH values of individual muscles were compared with the same muscles evaluated in a previous study, the 1/3, 1/2, and full DEGDC had 7, 9, and 5 muscles, respectively, that fell within a computed 95% prediction limit of what would be considered as a normal pH but were more variable as measured by within-class CV. Color values (L*, a*, and b*) of the muscles from dark-cutting carcasses were numerically lower than those from the normal carcasses. A survey designed to determine the ideal color range of beef lean for retail meat merchandisers (n = 34) and food service chefs (n = 33) across the United States resulted in data analyzed using principal components analysis of L*, a*, and b* values for muscles dissected in the study to estimate the true values for dark-cutting carcasses. Muscles that were within an acceptable color value range for food service chefs had the potential to add between $42.29 to $26.44 and $14.71 to $8.11 per side when valued at Choice and Select prices, respectively. Muscles that were within an acceptable color value range had the potential to add between $30.39 to $16.74 and $10.37 to $5.03 per side for retail meat merchandisers when acceptable muscles were valued at Choice and Select prices, respectively. No muscle x DEGDC interactions were detected for WBSF and sensory panel scores (P > 0.05), but differences were detected among muscles (P < 0.05). Several muscles were considered salvageable from the dark-cutting carcasses that were evaluated, and no significant differences in sensory scores or WBSF between DEGDC classes suggested equal sensory expectations for muscles from dark-cutting carcasses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scanga
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tatum
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Belk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003116:Color; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D033081:Shear Strength; D013649:Taste