Immunomodulatory mechanisms during Echinococcus granulosus infection.
The pathologic events that ensue after humans ingest the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus and continue while cystic echinococcosis develops, provide an excellent example illustrating the evasive strategies helminth parasites use to develop, progress and cause chronic disease. The hydatid cyst secretes and exposes numerous immunomodulatory molecules to the host's immune system. By characterizing these molecules we can understand the mechanisms that E. granulosus uses for increasing the efficiency and persistency of infection in the host. These molecules modulate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response and appear to target cellular and humoral responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of host-E. granulosus interactions that provide intriguing insights into the complex interplay between host and parasite that ultimately facilitates parasite survival.
Siracusano
Alessandra
A
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Riganò
Rachele
R
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Ortona
Elena
E
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Profumo
Elisabetta
E
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Margutti
Paola
P
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Buttari
Brigitta
B
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Delunardo
Federica
F
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Teggi
Antonella
A
Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Università di Roma, "Sapienza", Roma, Italy.
D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus / Q000276:immunology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008074:Lipoproteins; C514022:antigen B, Echinococcus granulosus; D054464:Peroxiredoxins