title: Gemella morbillorum in primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of Gemella morbillorum by culture or nested PCR in primary and secondary/persistent endodontic infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microbial samples were taken from 50 cases with primary and 50 cases with secondary/persistent endodontic infections. Microbiologic techniques were used for culture and identification. The DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed for the presence of the target species using species-specific primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the species in 23 and 77, respectively, of 100 root canals. Culture yielded the test organism in 19 of 50 (38%) of root canal samples from primary and in 4 of 50 (8%) from secondary/persistent infections. PCR yielded the test organisms in 41 of 50 (82%) and 36 of 50 (72%) of the, respectively, primary and secondary/persistent root canal infections studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemella morbillorum was identified more frequently in primary endodontic infections than in secondary/persistent ones. A higher frequency of the target species was detected by PCR than by culture.
authors.affiliation: Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil. bpgomes@fop.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Brenda P F A
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montagner
authors.forename: Rogério Castilho
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.forename: Ericka Tavares
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
authors.forename: Caio Cezar Randi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Souza-Filho
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000382:microbiology*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods; D040141:Staphylococcaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014098:Toothache / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants