title: Trans-tracheostomic endoscopy of the larynx in the evaluation of dysphagia.
abstract: Laryngeal endoscopy plays a determinant role in clinical evaluation of dysphagia. The examination is performed by means of a trans-nasal approach with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope, able to visualize the pre- and post-deglutitory steps of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. In patients with tracheostomy, it is possible to visualize the glottic or neoglottic function during the intra-deglutitory phase, performing the examination through a trans-tracheostomic route. The procedure and indications of this endoscopic technique are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Specialities, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci Maccarini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stacchini
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salsi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casolino
mesh_terms: D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014139:Tracheostomy