title: Dissolution, sorption, and kinetics involved in systems containing explosives, water, and soil.
abstract: Knowledge of explosives sorption and transformation processes is required to ensure that the proper fate and transport of such contaminants is understood at military ranges and ammunition production sites. Bioremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and related nitroaromatic compounds has met with mixed success, which is potentially due to the uncertainty of how energetic compounds are bound to different soil types. This study investigated the dissolution and sorption properties of TNT and RDX explosives associated with six different soil types. Understanding the associations that explosives have with a different soil type assists with the development of conceptual models used for the sequestration process, risk analysis guidelines, and site assessment tools. In three-way systems of crystalline explosives, soil, and water, the maximum explosive solubility was not achieved due to the sorption of the explosive onto the soil particles and observed production of transformation byproducts. Significantly different sorption effects were also observed between sterile (gamma-irradiated) and nonsterile (nonirradiated) soils with the introduction of crystalline TNT and RDX into soil-water systems.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: W Andy
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B Lynn
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Escalon
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry*; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D012987:Soil; D012996:Solutions; D014227:Triazines; D014867:Water; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C009160:cyclonite