title: Phenolic acid-mediated regulation of the padC gene, encoding the phenolic acid decarboxylase of Bacillus subtilis.
abstract: In Bacillus subtilis, several phenolic acids specifically induce expression of padC, encoding a phenolic acid decarboxylase that converts these antimicrobial compounds into vinyl derivatives. padC forms an operon with a putative coding sequence of unknown function, yveFG, and this coding sequence does not appear to be involved in the phenolic acid stress response (PASR). To identify putative regulators involved in the PASR, random transposon mutagenesis, combined with two different screens, was performed. PadR, a negative transcriptional regulator of padC expression, was identified. padR is not located in the vicinity of padC, and the expression of padR is low and appears constitutive. This is in contrast with what occurs in other gram-positive bacteria, in which padR is autoregulated and induced by phenolic acids. Further screening of the transposon library failed to identify genes other than padR involved in the PASR. Modest inactivation of padR by phenolic acids was obtained in recombinant Escherichia coli expressing padC and padR, and this translates into induction of decarboxylase activity. Gel shift promoter binding assays performed with and without MgCl(2), and with and without phenolic acids, demonstrated that phenolic acids were able to abolish the binding of PadR to the yveFG-padC promoter in the absence of MgCl(2). Altogether, our results indicate that (i) PadR is inactivated directly by phenolic acids in vitro, (ii) inhibition of PadR in response to phenolic acids may occur without the need for a sensor-like effector in B. subtilis, and (iii) phenolic acids are able to modulate PadR activity in E. coli in the absence of any additional effector.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire GPMA, IFR92, ENSBANA Université de Bourgogne, 1 esplanade Erasme, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Ngoc Phuong
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Jerôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gury
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dartois
authors.forename: Thi Kim Chi
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seraut
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barthelmebs
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cavin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000235:genetics*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C417714:phenolic acid decarboxylase; C017616:phenolic acid