title: Oxidative stress, evident in antioxidant defences and damage products, in rainbow trout caged outside a sewage treatment plant.
abstract: Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are common sources of a wide variety of chemicals entering into the aquatic environment. We have investigated the effects of STP effluent on oxidative stress parameters in rainbow trout via measurements of several enzymatic antioxidants as well as the molecular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). In addition, we have measured levels of oxidative damage, i.e. protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides. Our findings indicate that STP effluent does contain prooxidants that affect fish. Oxidative damage was a more consistent indicator of exposure to prooxidants than antioxidant enzymes. Protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides were both elevated (1.3- and 1.8-fold increases, respectively) in fish caged at the STP site compared with reference site as was the amount of oxidized GSH (GSSG), which showed a 3-fold increase. Antioxidant enzymes showed no clear-cut response. Additionally, older pollutants that have been present in down stream sediment for decades had no effects on the parameters measured here.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Göteborg University, Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. bethanie.carney@zool.gu.se
authors.forename: Bethanie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carney Almroth
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albertsson
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sturve
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Förlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005981:Glutathione Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D045483:Rivers; D013548:Sweden; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002374:Catalase; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D005981:Glutathione Synthase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide