title: Performance of wastewater subsurface drip emitters at low and normal pressure.
abstract: Subsurface drip distribution is an important on-site wastewater treatment technique widely used with various soil types and restricted site conditions. This study evaluated the performance of five subsurface wastewater drip products under eight pressures, ranging from 0 to 310 kPa. Results showed that Netafim Bioline pressure-compensating emitters (Netafim Irrigation Inc., Fresno, California) had an application uniformity coefficient of 95% and a coefficient of variance (C(v)) of 4.9%. The average uniformity coefficient of Geoflow Wasteflow products (Geoflow USA, Charlotte, North Carolina) was 94.4%, with a C(v) value of 6.8%. Flowrate and pressure relationships were developed by analyzing low and normal operational pressure ranges, and R-square values ranged from 1.000 to 0.301. Geoflow pressure-compensating products were non-pressure-compensating emitters under low pressure. Netafim pressure-compensating emitters were partially pressure-compensating under low pressures. In normal operational pressure ranges, both Geoflow and Netafim products were fully pressure-compensating. Netafim pressure-compensating products were characterized as pressure-compensating over the full range of operational pressures.
authors.affiliation: Wood, Patel & Associates, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lesikar
authors.forename: Ann L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kenimer
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Russell A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Persyn
mesh_terms: D011312:Pressure; D012722:Sewage; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage