title: Evolution of large-vessel arteriopathy in paediatric patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: This observational study was designed to verify the hypothesis that the treatment modality significantly affects the evolution of CKD-associated arteriopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric patients (mean age 13.8 +/- 4.2 years) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5, including 24 patients with mean GFR 54 +/- 21 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (CKD group) and 32 patients in end-stage renal disease, of whom 19 received a renal allograft (D-Rtx) and 13 remained on dialysis (D-D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sonography of the common carotid artery was performed at baseline and after 12 months. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and the cross-sectional areas of the vessel wall (WCSA) and lumen (LCSA) were measured and normalized to age (SDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline IMT-SDS and WCSA-SDS were increased above normal, and were significantly higher in D than in CKD patients (P < 0.001). IMT-SDS increased over time in CKD and D-D patients (1.4 +/- 1.7 to 2.1 +/- 1.2, P = 0.05). In contrast, IMT-SDS (2.8 +/- 0.6 to 2.0 +/- 0.6, P < 0.005) decreased in those D-Rtx patients who had elevated values prior to transplantation. The total number of patients with elevated cIMT-SDS changed from 7 to 13 in the 24 CKD, from 8 to 11 in the 13 D-D and from 11 to 12 in the 19 D-Rtx patients. While IMT-SDS was independently correlated with blood pressure and serum phosphate in the CKD and D patients, only total dialysis vintage (r = 0.50; P < 0.05) and the IMT-SDS attained at the time of grafting (r = 0.46, P < 0.05) correlated with IMT-SDS 1 year post-Rtx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While vascular lesions rapidly progress in CKD and D patients, abolition of the uraemic state by Rtx leads to stabilization or partial regression of CKD-associated arteriopathy. Cumulative dialysis duration and the degree of arterial damage prevalent at the time of grafting are the main determinants of persistent arteriopathy 1 year after Rtx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland. m.litwin@czd.pl
authors.forename: Mieczyslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Litwin
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wühl
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niemirska
authors.forename: Jens P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jobs
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grenda
authors.forename: Zbigniew T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Wawer
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajszys
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mehls
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult