title: Effects of lorazepam on visual perceptual abilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of an acute dose of the benzodiazepine (BZ) lorazepam in young healthy volunteers on five distinguishable visual perception abilities determined by previous factor-analytic studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, cross-over design study of acute oral doses of lorazepam (2 mg) and placebo in young healthy volunteers. We focused on a set of paper-and-pencil tests of visual perceptual abilities that load on five correlated but distinguishable factors (Spatial Visualization, Spatial Relations, Perceptual Speed, Closure Speed, and Closure Flexibility). Some other tests (DSST, immediate and delayed recall of prose; measures of subjective mood alterations) were used to control for the classic BZ-induced effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lorazepam impaired performance in the DSST and delayed recall of prose, increased subjective sedation and impaired tasks of all abilities except Spatial Visualization and Closure Speed. Only impairment in Perceptual Speed (Identical Pictures task) and delayed recall of prose were not explained by sedation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute administration of lorazepam, in a dose that impaired episodic memory, selectively affected different visual perceptual abilities before and after controlling for sedation. Central executive demands and sedation did not account for results, so impairment in the Identical Pictures task may be attributed to lorazepam's visual processing alterations.
authors.affiliation: Dep. Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Brazil. spompeia@gmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pompéia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pradella-Hallinan
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Manzano
authors.forename: O F A
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008140:Lorazepam