title: MK615 inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth by dual inhibition of Aurora A and B kinases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-neoplastic effect of MK615, an anti-neoplastic compound isolated from Japanese apricot, against human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, PK-1, and PK45H were cultured with MK615 at concentrations of 600, 300, 150, and 0 microg/mL. Growth inhibition was evaluated by cell proliferation assay, and killing activity was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Expression of Aurora A and B kinases was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Cell cycle stages were evaluated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth inhibitory rates of MK615 at 150, 300, and 600 microg/mL were 2.3%+/-0.9%, 8.9%+/-3.2% and 67.1%+/-8.1% on PANC1 cells, 1.3%+/-0.3%, 8.7%+/-4.1% and 45.7+/-7.6% on PK1 cells, and 1.2+/-0.8%, 9.1%+/-2.1% and 52.1%+/-5.5% on PK45H cells, respectively (P<0.05). The percentage cytotoxicities of MK615 at 0, 150, 300, and 600 microg/mL were 19.6%+/-1.3%, 26.7%+/-1.8%, 25.5%+/-0.9% and 26.4%+/-0.9% in PANC1 cells, 19.7%+/-1.3%, 24.7%+/-0.8%, 25.9%+/-0.9% and 29.9%+/-1.1% in PK1 cells, and 28.0%+/-0.9%, 31.2%+/-0.9%, 30.4%+/-1.1% and 35.3+/-1.0% in PK45H cells, respectively (P<0.05). Real-time PCR and Western blotting showed that MK615 dually inhibited the expression of Aurora A and B kinases. Cell cycle analysis revealed that MK615 increased the population of cells in G2/M phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MK615 exerts an anti-neoplastic effect on human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro by dual inhibition of Aurora A and B kinases.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tokihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D027861:Prunus; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C517469:MK615 extract; D010936:Plant Extracts; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases