title: Delirium in two patients with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis.
abstract: In this report, we describe the case of two patients with Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) who developed delirium manifested as emotional incontinence, restlessness, and aggressive behavior from disease onset. Serum anti-GQ1b and anti-GT1a IgG antibodies were detected in both patients. When unusual psychiatric symptoms are observed, in addition to acute ophthalmoplegia and ataxia, neurologists should take into account the possibility of BBE. Brain MRI findings were normal in both patients and SPECT was performed on only patient 1. SPECT of patient 1 showed reversible hypoperfusion in the brainstem, bilateral thalami, and medial frontal lobe. Brain SPECT appears to be useful for detecting lesions of the brainstem as well as the basal ganglia or cerebrum in BBE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Nishi-Kobe Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan. wada@nmc-kobe.org
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003693:Delirium / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C084318:GT1aalpha ganglioside; C039129:GQ1b ganglioside