title: Goldsurfer2 (Gs2): a comprehensive tool for the analysis and visualization of genome wide association studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genome wide association (GWA) studies are now being widely undertaken aiming to find the link between genetic variations and common diseases. Ideally, a well-powered GWA study will involve the measurement of hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in thousands of individuals. The sheer volume of data generated by these experiments creates very high analytical demands. There are a number of important steps during the analysis of such data, many of which may present severe bottlenecks. The data need to be imported and reviewed to perform initial quality control (QC) before proceeding to association testing. Evaluation of results may involve further statistical analysis, such as permutation testing, or further QC of associated markers, for example, reviewing raw genotyping intensities. Finally significant associations need to be prioritised using functional and biological interpretation methods, browsing available biological annotation, pathway information and patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed an interactive and user-friendly graphical application to be used in all steps in GWA projects from initial data QC and analysis to biological evaluation and validation of results. The program is implemented in Java and can be used on all platforms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very large data sets (e.g. 500 k markers and 5000 samples) can be quality assessed, rapidly analysed and integrated with genomic sequence information. Candidate SNPs can be selected and functionally evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Dept Bioinformatics, Wellcome Trust Centre, Oxford, UK. fredrikp@well.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Lon R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Cardon
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface