title: Overall and relapse-free survival in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are associated with genotypes of T393C polymorphism of the GNAS1 gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In previous studies, we have shown that the T allele of a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the Galphas gene (T393C) correlates with increased Galphas expression and hence apoptosis. The T allele was associated with a favorable outcome in a variety of human cancers, e.g., carcinoma of the urinary bladder, kidney, and colorectum.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognostic value of the T393C SNP was evaluated in an unselected series of patients treated with curative intent for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, including all tumor stages with different therapeutic regimens. Genotype analysis was done using DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 202 patients (162 men, 40 women) with a median follow-up of 38 months (1-133 months). The various genotypes were correlated with relapse-free and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GNAS1 393C homozygous patients displayed a higher risk for disease progression than T393 homozygous patients (hazard ratio CC versus TT, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.2; P = 0.019). The same genotype effect was observed for overall survival with CC genotypes at higher risk for death compared with TT genotypes (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.9; P = 0.015). Multivariate analysis showed that, besides American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, tumor localization, and gender, the T393C polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor for disease progression and death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T393C SNP could be considered as a genetic marker to predict the clinical course of patients suffering from oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, West German Cancer Center Essen, Germany. goetz.lehnerdt@uni-due.de
authors.forename: Goetz F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Lehnerdt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Anwar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaqoul
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grehl
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Kurt W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siffert
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.forename: Ulrich H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000502:physiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D002864:Chromogranins; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013912:Threonine / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002864:Chromogranins; D013912:Threonine; C406732:GNAS protein, human; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D003545:Cysteine