title: Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage: 10-year single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A subset of patients with acute cholecystitis is severely ill and extremely high-risk to undergo cholecystectomy. Data on the use of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ETGBD) in the treatment of acute cholecystitis are limited. This article reviews the 10-year experience of ETGBD at Mayo Clinic and evaluated patient and procedure characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the endoscopy database from 1998-2007 was performed to identify patients who had undergone ETGBD. Clinical information and procedure details were abstracted from the electronic medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty one patients underwent ETGBD for acute cholecystitis between 1998 to July 2007. The mean age was 62+/-19 years and 67% of patients were males. The median number of comorbid medical conditions was two (range 0-5) and 27% had underlying diabetes mellitus. Acute calculous cholecystitis was the predominant indication for ETGBD (78%). A gallbladder stent was used in 33 (65%) patients, nasocholecystic drain in 14 (27%) patients, and both in four patients (8%). Bleeding (4%) and sedation-related complications (4%) were the most common complications noted. Among patients who underwent cholecystectomy, the majority (76%) needed an open procedure. The median time to cholecystectomy was 15 days (range 1-352 days). Four patients (8%) succumbed to septic shock during their hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ETGBD is a valuable alternative therapeutic modality for the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis who are at high-risk for early cholecystectomy, and/or those who have contraindications to percutaneous gallbladder drainage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pannala
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gostout
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Topazian
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies