title: The effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on metal ion release from dental casting alloys.
abstract: There are concerns that tooth bleaching agents may adversely affect dental materials. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) are more effective than water at increasing metal ion release from two typical dental casting alloys during bleaching. Discs (n = 28 for each alloy) were prepared by casting and heat treated to simulate a typical porcelain-firing cycle. Discs (n = 7) of each alloy were immersed in either 0%, 3%, 10% or 30% (w/v) HP solutions for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Samples were taken for metal ion release determination using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and the data analysed using a two-way anova followed by a one-way anova. The surface roughness of each disc was measured using a Talysurf contact profilometer before and after bleaching and the data analysed using a paired t-test. With the exception of gold, the differences in metal ion concentration after treatment with 0% (control) and each of 3%, 10% and 30% HP (w/v) were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Metal ion release from the two alloys increased with increasing HP concentrations (over 3000% increase in Ni and 1400% increase in Pd ions were recorded when HP concentration increased from 0% to 30%). Surface roughness values of the samples before and after bleaching were not significantly different (P > 0.05) Exposure of the two dental casting alloys to HP solutions increased metal ion release of all the elements except gold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult Dental Care, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. s.k.al-salehi@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Al-Salehi
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals; D016877:Oxidants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D016877:Oxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide