title: Effect of proton-pump inhibitor treatment on symptoms and quality of life in GERD patients depends on the symptom-reflux association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease patients demonstrate various pathophysiologic backgrounds. Therefore, a heterogeneous response to proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment can be expected. We investigated the effect of short-term PPI treatment on symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in primary care patients with and without pathologic esophageal acid exposure and in presence or absence of a positive association between symptoms and reflux episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four heartburn patients were categorized into 4 groups according to positive or negative symptom-reflux association, as expressed in symptom index, symptom sensitivity index, and symptom association probability (SAP) and presence or absence of pathologic reflux, defined as esophageal pH<4%>6% of the time (pH+/pH-). Overall and specific reflux symptoms were assessed 1 week before and the last week during a 2-week course of 40-mg esomeprazole daily. The QOL was scored by the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire 2 weeks before treatment and directly after.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the SAP to assess symptom-reflux associations, the 4 groups [SAP+pH+(n=40); SAP+pH-(n=12); SAP-pH+(n=10); SAP-pH-(n=10)] had similar demographic characteristics. The SAP-pH- subgroup had the least overall symptom reduction (P<0.01) and in the SAP+pH+ subgroup the greatest heartburn symptom reduction was found (P<0.02). The residual symptom scores on treatment were lowest in SAP+pH+ and highest in SAP-pH- subgroups and relatively high in the SAP+pH-. QOL was severely reduced and SAP-pH- patients had the lowest QOL overall. Similar findings were made using symptom index and symptom sensitivity index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptomatic reflux patients without evidence of reflux disease on a 24-hour pH recording responded less favorably to PPI treatment than patients with a positive symptom-reflux association or with pathologic reflux.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Unit University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands. m.aanen@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Marissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aanen
authors.forename: Bas L A M
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weusten
authors.forename: Mattijs E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Numans
authors.forename: Niek J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samsom
authors.forename: André J P M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064098:Esomeprazole