title: Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in iatrogenically immunocompromised patients without transplantation.
abstract: Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infections are most often the result of HIV or transplantation-associated immunosuppression. Rarely, M. haemophilum may infect healthy patients or iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients without transplantation. We herein report two cases of cutaneous M. haemophilum infection in HIV-negative patients without transplantation undergoing iatrogenic immunosuppression. Our cases and a literature review highlight the various clinical contexts in which M. haemophilum may arise in this patient population. Accordingly, we emphasize that a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis, which ultimately relies on skin biopsy, histopathologic examination, and culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.forename: Victoria P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Werth
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kovarik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D017074:Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Q000150:complications; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004893:Erythema Nodosum / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D018393:Mycobacterium haemophilum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013934:Thymectomy / Q000009:adverse effects