title: Roles of the hypocretin/orexins in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
abstract: Hypocretin/orexin is produced exclusively in the dorsal and lateral hypothalamus but its projection is widespread within the brain and plays important roles. In this paper, we review the independent discoveries of the hypocretin/orexin peptides, the neuroanatomy of this system, and the link to the sleep disorder narcolepsy that has led to the idea that this system plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan. terao@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haruyama
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000502:physiology*; D000068797:Orexins; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins