title: Cavernous, arteriovenous, and mixed hemangioma-lymphangioma of the rectosigmoid: rare causes of rectal bleeding--case series and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cavernous hemangiomas of the sigmoid colon and rectum are uncommon vascular malformations usually found in young adults with a long history of episodic and painless rectal bleeding. Alternatively, they may present with massive life-threatening hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report three cases of hemangioma of the rectosigmoid including one case of cavernous hemangioma, one case of arteriovenous hemangioma, and one case of hemangiolymphangiomatosis with emphasis on clinical presentation, radiologic, operative, and pathologic findings. Definitive treatment consists of complete resection with a sphincter-preserving procedure or abdominoperineal resection, based on extent of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy is typically delayed by several years in these patients due to erroneous diagnosis and failed treatment of hemorrhoids and inflammatory bowel disease. Relative to hemangiomas, lymphangiomas of the rectosigmoid are even more rare and when symptomatic, present with rectal bleeding and pelvic pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sylla
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Recavarren
authors.forename: Sanghyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Randolph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Steinhagen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000473:pathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012811:Sigmoid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed