title: Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in pregnant patients affected with systemic lupus erythematosus and recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to test the maternal and fetal outcome of SLE patients who suffered from recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) alone during pregnancy and whether the clinical response to IVIg treatment is accompanied by modifications of SLE-associated antibodies and of complement levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve SLE-RSA pregnant patients were treated with high-dose IVIg and compared with 12 SLE-RSA pregnant patients treated with prednisolone and NSAIDs. They were evaluated for the clinical response [lupus activity index-pregnancy (LAI-P) scale] and for ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti Ro/SS-A or La/SS-B, aCL, LAC, C4, C3 before and during pregnancy, and before and after each treatment course. Pregnancy outcome in the two groups was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups characteristics were homogeneous at the beginning of pregnancy. A beneficial clinical response following IVIg treatment was noted in all patients and mean LAI-P decreased from 0.72 +/- 0.43 at the beginning of pregnancy to 0.13 +/- 0.19 at the end of pregnancy (P < 0.0001). Antibodies and complement levels tended to normalize in most of the patients. These clinical and laboratory improvements were significant with respect to the control group. Pregnancy was successfully carried out in 12/12 (100%) SLE-RSA patients with a mean Apgar score of 8.92. Three patients in the control group got aborted (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVIg has a high response rate among SLE-RSA pregnant patients and may be considered safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy. roberto.perricone@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perricone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Carolis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kröegler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giacomelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cipriani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perricone
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods*; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C035356:SS-A antibodies; C035357:SS-B antibodies; D004247:DNA; D011239:Prednisolone; D001241:Aspirin