title: Direct analysis of illicit drugs by desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization.
abstract: The feasibility of desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) in the direct analysis of illicit drugs was demonstrated by the analysis of confiscated drug samples of various forms such as tablets, blotter paper, and plant resin and bloom. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine, phenazepam, and buprenorphine were detected from the analyzed tablets, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and bromobenzodifuranylisopropylamine (bromo-Dragonfly, ABDF) from blotter paper, and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol from Cannabis Sativa bloom and resin. The amphetamines, phenazepam and ABDF showed protonated molecules independent of the solvent used, whereas buprenorphine, LSD and the cannabinoids showed molecular ions with toluene and protonated molecules with acetone as the solvent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. tiina.kauppila@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Tiina J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kauppila
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arvola
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapala
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pól
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aalberg
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franssila
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotiaho
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostiainen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D001970:Bromobenzoates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C540688:1-(8-bromobenzo(1,2-b;4,5-b')difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane; D001970:Bromobenzoates; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D011437:Propylamines