title: Ischaemic postconditioning protects isolated mouse hearts against ischaemia/reperfusion injury via sphingosine kinase isoform-1 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays a vital role in cytoskeletal rearrangement, development, and apoptosis. Sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), the key enzyme catalyzing the formation of S1P, mediates ischaemic preconditioning. Ischaemic postconditioning (POST) has been shown to protect hearts against ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IR). To date, no studies have examined the role of SphK1 in POST.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wild-type (WT) and SphK1 null (KO) mouse hearts were subjected to IR (45 min of global ischaemia and 45 min of reperfusion) in a Langendorff apparatus. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum velocity of increase or decrease of LV pressure (+/-dP/dtmax), and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded. Infarction size was measured by 1% triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. POST, consisting of 5 s of ischaemia and 5 s of reperfusion for three cycles after the index ischaemia, protected hearts against IR: recovery of LVDP and +/-dP/dtmax were elevated; LVEDP was decreased; infarction size (% of risk area) was reduced from 40 +/- 2% in the control group to 29 +/- 2% of the risk area in the POST group (P < 0.05, n = 4 per group). Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases detected by Western blotting was increased at 10 min of reperfusion. The protection induced by POST was abolished in KO hearts. Infarction size in KO hearts (57 +/- 5%) was not different from the KO control group (53 +/- 5% of risk area, n = 4, P = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short period of ischaemic POST protected WT mouse hearts against IR. The cardiac protection induced by POST was abrogated in SphK1-KO mouse hearts. Thus, SphK1 is critical for successful ischaemic POST.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Zhu-Qiu
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Karliner
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vessey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D023421:Models, Animal; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D007527:Isoenzymes; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase