title: A concerted action of HNF4alpha and HNF1alpha links hepatitis B virus replication to hepatocyte differentiation.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important human pathogen, which targets the liver extremely efficient, gaining access to hepatocytes by a so far unknown receptor and replicating in a hepatocyte-specific fashion. Cell differentiation seems to determine HBV replication. We here show that the level of hepatocyte differentiation, as indicated by hepatocyte polarization and metabolic activity, is closely correlated to the transcription of the HBV RNA pregenome. Pregenome transcription determined the level of HBV replication in various cell lines of hepatocellular origin and in primary human hepatocytes. A variety of hepatocyte-enriched nuclear factors have been described to regulate transcription of the pregenome, but it remained unknown which factors link HBV replication to hepatocyte differentiation. We determined that high expression levels of HNF4alpha but not its potential cofactors or other hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors were essential for efficient HBV replication, and link it to hepatocyte differentiation. HNF1alpha contributed to the control of HBV replication because it regulated the expression of HNF4alpha. Thus, a concerted action of HNF4alpha and HNF1alpha, which also determines morphological and functional differentiation of hepatocytes, links HBV replication to hepatocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Infectiology at the Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Goldenfelsstr. 19-21, 50935 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quasdorff
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hösel
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odenthal
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zedler
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bohne
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gripon
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Dienes
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Drebber
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stippel
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goeser
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Protzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000502:physiology*; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C496487:HNF1A protein, human; C496592:HNF4A protein, human; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering