title: Activated status of basophils in chronic urticaria leads to interleukin-3 hyper-responsiveness and enhancement of histamine release induced by anti-IgE stimulus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basophils and mast cells are the main target cells in chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). Besides the basopenia, intrinsic defects of the anti-IgE cross-linking signalling pathway of basophils have been described in CIU.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the profile of expression of activation markers on basophils of patients with CIU and to explore the effect of interleukin (IL)-3 priming upon anti-IgE cross-linking stimuli through expression of activation markers and basophil histamine releasability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of the surface expression of FcepsilonRIalpha, CD63, CD203c and CD123 on whole blood basophils of patients with CIU undergoing autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed by flow cytometry. The effect of pretreatment with IL-3 in the anti-IgE response was analysed by the expression of basophil activation markers and histamine release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood basophils of patients with CIU were reduced in number and displayed increased surface expression of FcepsilonRIalpha, which was positively correlated with the IgE serum levels. Upregulation of expression of both surface markers CD203c and CD63 was verified on basophils of patients with CIU, regardless of ASST response. High expression of IL-3 receptor on basophils was detected only in ASST+ patients with CIU. Pretreatment with IL-3 upregulated CD203c expression concomitantly with the excreting function of blood basophils and induced a quick hyper-responsiveness to anti-IgE cross-linking on basophils of patients with CIU compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basophils of patients with CIU showed an activated profile, possibly due to an in vivo priming. Functionally, basophils have high responsiveness to IL-3 stimulation, thereby suggesting that defects in the signal transduction pathway after IgE cross-linking stimuli are recoverable in subjects with chronic urticaria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 05403-000 São Paulo, and Dermatological Outpatient Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Azor
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Prearo
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Maruta
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rivitti
authors.forename: A J S
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001491:Basophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000378:metabolism; D014581:Urticaria / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D007377:Interleukin-3; D017455:Receptors, IgE; D007073:Immunoglobulin E