title: Open or closed nuclear membrane? A question to help distinguish malignant lymphoma from carcinoma and sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a cytomorphologic criterion that may help improve diagnostic safety in morphologic differentiation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) from carcinoma or sarcoma and investigate the significance of this cytomorphologic phenomenon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two smears of NHL, carcinoma and sarcoma smears were examined. Forty-five smears were from patients with carcinoma and 35 from patients with NHL. The remaining 2 smears were from patients with sarcoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 40 of 46 smears of carcinoma or sarcoma the nuclear membrane was assessed as "open" by the observer. In 6 smears the membrane was assessed as "closed. " In 30 of 35 smears with histologically confirmed NHL, the membrane was estimated as being closed. In the remaining 5 smears it was assessed as open. The sensitivity of evaluating the parameter as open or closed membrane was 87% and the specificity was 86%. The negative predictive value was 89%, and the positive predictive value was 83%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the presence of an open or closed nuclear membrane may be helpful in differentiation of malignant lymphoma from carcinoma or sarcoma and may help improve diagnostic safety in daily practice.
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Oncology Practice, Augsburg, Germany. markus.bangerter@hop-augsburg.de
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bangerter
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brudler
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schrembs
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griesshammer
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000648:ultrastructure