title: Comprehensive analysis of polymorphisms throughout GAD1 gene: a family-based association study in schizophrenia.
abstract: Studies suggest that GAD1 gene is a functional candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. In order to investigate the contribution of GAD1 gene to the etiology of schizophrenia in Chinese, we carried out a family-based association study between GAD1 gene and schizophrenia in 235 Chinese Han family trios. The GAD1 gene is comprehensively analyzed using a systematic mutation scan and the following-up association studies between common SNPs and schizophrenia in both single-locus and haplotype levels. Altogether, we have found 17 variants including 10 SNPs in 5'-flanking regions, 4 SNPs and one novel in-del in intronic regions and 2 SNPs (one novel SNP) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Using the transmission disequilibrium test of the 9 common SNPs out of 17 variants, Significant evidence of SNP rs3791878-G allele in 5'-flanking region of GAD1 was preferentially transmitted to both the all offsprings of the trios (P = 0.0063, respectively; odds ratio = 1.83; 95% confidence interval: 1.26-2.65) and the male offsprings the trios (P = 0.0045, respectively; odds ratio = 2.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.37-3.56). Haplotype analysis suggested that rs3762556(C)-rs3791878(G)-rs6755102(C) is the major risky haplotype preferentially transmitted in both all the trios and male-offspring trios (Global P = 0.016 and 0.012, respectively). The gender-dependent of the risk of SNP rs3791878 suggest the complexity of GAD1 gene in schizophrenia. Given that the switch from G to T in SNP rs3791878 might cause the loss of ARNT and XBP1 transcriptional factor binding sites using a bioinformatics approach, our positive findings of this SNP support the hypothesis that the abruption of GAD1 gene is important to the risk of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Center, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1