title: Associations between patella lead and blood pressure in lead workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare associations of patella lead, a lead pool that may capture aspects of both current bioavailable and cumulative lead dose thus offering advantages over tibia or blood lead, with blood lead in models of blood pressure and hypertension and to examine effect modification by age, sex and polymorphisms of the genes encoding for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data in 652 current and former lead workers were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood lead, but not patella lead, was positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Neither lead measure was associated with diastolic blood pressure or hypertension status. There was no evidence of effect modification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In these workers, blood lead was more relevant to elevations in blood pressure than was patella lead. Additional research will be required to determine whether patella lead assessment provides unique information on vascular risk from lead exposure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. vweaver@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Virginia M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Lenworth R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Byung-Kook
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Kyu-Dong
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D010329:Patella; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D007854:Lead; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase