title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonism modifies the effects of growth hormone on lipolysis and insulin sensitivity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through effects on fat metabolism whereas GH stimulates lipolysis and induces insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of TZDs on fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity in subjects exposed to stable GH levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group study including 20 GH-deficient patients on continued GH replacement therapy. The patients were studied before and after 12 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either pioglitazone 30 mg (N = 10) or placebo (N = 10) once daily for 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels almost doubled during pioglitazone treatment (P = 0.0001). Pioglitazone significantly decreased basal free fatty acid (FFA) levels (P = 0.02) and lipid oxidation (P = 0.02). Basal glucose oxidation rate (P = 0.004) and insulin sensitivity (P = 0.03) improved in the patients who received pioglitazone treatment. The change in insulin-stimulated adiponectin level after pioglitazone treatment was positively correlated to the change in insulin-stimulated total glucose disposal (R = 0.69, P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of GH on lipolysis and insulin sensitivity can be modified by administration of TZDs.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Morten B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Krag
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Zengkui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Jens S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Jens O L
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D010919:Placebos; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010919:Placebos; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D000077205:Pioglitazone