title: Intestinal human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180 is an excellent model to study pregnane X receptor, but not constitutive androstane receptor, mediated CYP3A4 and multidrug resistance transporter 1 induction: studies with anti-human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors.
abstract: Lack of an established cell line model to study induction of cytochromes P450 (P450s) and drug transporters poses a challenge in predicting in vivo drug-drug interactions. Although not well characterized, LS180 cells could be an excellent cell line to study induction of P450s and transporters because they express pregnane X receptor (PXR). Therefore, as part of a larger study of in vitro to in vivo prediction of inductive drug interactions, we determined induction of various P450s and drug transporters by the anti-human deficiency virus protease inhibitors (PIs) and the prototypic inducer, rifampin, in LS180 cells. Among these proteins, the various PIs significantly induced (n = 3-5) only CYP3A4 and multidrug resistance transporter 1 (MDR1) transcripts (2- to 50-fold). CYP3A4 activity (1'-hydroxymidazolam formation) was increased (2-fold) by rifampin (10 microM) but was reduced by the PIs (1.5- to 7-fold). Surprisingly, constitutive androstane receptor 1 (CAR1) was not found to be expressed in these cells. Additionally, using a reporter assay, we found that PIs did not activate CAR3 (the natural splice variant of CAR1) but significantly activated PXR (2- to 24-fold), which correlated well with induction of CYP3A4 and MDR1 transcripts (approximately r = 0.9). Furthermore, in a PXR-knockdown stable LS180 cell line, induction of CYP3A4 and MDR1 mRNA after treatment with PIs and rifampin was significantly reduced (1.4- to 5-fold) compared with that in PXR nonsilenced cells. Based on these data, we conclude that LS180 cells could be used as a readily available, high-throughput cell line to screen for PXR-mediated induction of CYP3A4 and MDR1 transcripts. These data also indicate that the majority of the PIs are likely to produce intestinal drug-drug interactions by inactivating or inhibiting CYP3A enzymes even though they induce CYP3A4 and MDR1 transcripts via PXR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Anshul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ganesh M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mugundu
authors.forename: Pankaj B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Thummel
authors.forename: Jashvant D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Unadkat
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human