title: Assessment of classification improvement in patients with Alzheimer's disease based on magnetoencephalogram blind source separation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this pilot study, we intended to assess whether a procedure based on blind source separation (BSS) and subsequent partial reconstruction of magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings might enhance the differences between MEGs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed MEG background activity recordings acquired with a 148-channel whole-head magnetometer from 21 AD patients and 21 control subjects. Artefact-free epochs of 20 s were blindly decomposed using the algorithm for multiple unknown signals extraction (AMUSE), which arranges the extracted components by decreasing linear predictability. Thus, the components of diverse epochs and subjects could be easily compared. Every component was characterised with its median frequency and spectral entropy (denoted by fmedian and SpecEn, respectively). The differences between subject groups in these variables were statistically evaluated to find out which components could improve the subject classification. Then, these significant components were used to partially reconstruct the MEG recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analysis showed that the AMUSE components which provided the largest differences between demented patients and control subjects were ordered together. Considering this analysis, we defined two subsets, denoted by BSS-{15,35} and BSS-{20,30}, which included 21 components (15-35) and 11 components (20-30), respectively. We partially reconstructed the MEGs with these subsets. Then, the classification performance was computed with a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure for the case where no BSS was applied and for the partial reconstructions BSS-{15,35} and BSS-{20,30}. The BSS and component selection procedure improved the classification accuracy from 69.05% to 83.33% using f(median) with BSS-{15,35} and from 61.91% to 73.81% using SpecEn with BSS-{20,30}.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results lead us to think that the proposed procedure based on BSS and selection of significant components may improve the classification of AD patients using straightforward features from MEG recordings.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Ingeniería Biomédica, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. javier.escudero@ieee.org
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornero
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poza
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abásolo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000145:classification*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted