title: Short-term outcomes following total minimally invasive oesophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO; thoracoscopy, laparoscopy, cervical anastomosis) is a complex procedure and few substantial series have been published. This study documented the morbidity, mortality and challenges of adopting MIO in a specialist unit in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective group of 77 patients was listed consecutively with the intention of performing MIO. Three other patients underwent open oesophagectomy during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIO was attempted in 77 patients, completed successfully in 70, abandoned in six patients (8 per cent) with unsuspected metastatic disease, and converted to a thoracoscopic anastomosis in one patient. There was one in-hospital death (1 per cent). Complications occurred in 33 patients (47 per cent), including nine gastric conduit-related complications (13 per cent). Median lymph node harvest was 21 (range 7-48) nodes. Mean overall and disease-free survival times were 35 and 33 months respectively. Median disease-free survival for patients with stage III disease was 26 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIO can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates in an unselected series of patients. There was more morbidity related to gastric tube ischaemia than was expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK. richard.berrisford@rdeft.nhs.uk
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Berrisford
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wajed
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: M W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Rucklidge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality