Kallikrein-related peptidases.
Kallikrein 1 (KLK1), a key component of the kallikrein-kinin system, originates from a locus on the long arm of chromosome 19 that contains several related serine endopeptidases. The biological role of these kallikrein-related peptidases is not clear, but emerging evidence suggests that they might be important in several physiological systems, e.g., in male reproduction, skin homeostasis, tooth enamel formation and neural development and plasticity. The kallikrein locus has undergone some major evolutionary events. Most spectacular are relatively recent duplications of KLK1 that have created 13 and 9 functional genes that are unique to the mouse and the rat, respectively. Human paralogs are KLK2 and KLK3: the latter encoding the cancer biomarker prostate-specific antigen. In this review on kallikrein-related peptidases, the focus is on their evolution, their role in skin homeostasis and semen liquefaction, and their utility as cancer biomarkers.
Lundwall
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A
Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, University Hospital MAS, Malmö, Sweden. Ake.Lundwall@med.lu.se
Brattsand
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M
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016234:Kallikrein-Kinin System / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D012661:Semen / Q000201:enzymology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004247:DNA; D007610:Kallikreins