title: [A comparison of the metabolic effect of postoperative analgesia with lornoxicam and morphine or morphine on patients undergoing gastrointestinal carcinoma operation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the metabolic effect of postoperative analgesia with lornoxicam/morphine or morphine on patients undergoing gastrointestinal carcinoma operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients, undergone gastrointestinal carcinoma operations, were randomly assigned into two groups: group A received postoperative analgesia with lornoxicam/morphine and Group B with morphine alone. Parenteral nutrition with limited nitrogen resource was given to both groups. Visual analog scale (VAS), temperature and postoperative nitrogen balance were monitored postoperatively. The concentration of plasma cortisol , epinephrine, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured preoperatively and day 1, 3 postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAS of two groups at 24 th, 48 th, 72 th after operation were similar (P>0.05). The temperature of two groups on the third postoperative day increased as compared to that before operation, and the temperature of group B on 1st and 3rd postoperative day [(37.8+/-0.6),(37.5+/-0.8)degrees C] were significantly higher than those of group A[(37.3+/-0.5)degrees C,(37.0+/-0.8)degrees C](P<0.05). Nitrogen balance within 3 days after operation were -7.5+/-3.2, -5.2+/-4.2, -3.1+/-1.2 in group A and -16.7+/-7.3, -10.5+/-6.1, -9.1+/-2.1 in group B (P<0.05). The post-operative plasma concentrations of cortisol and epinephrine increased significantly in both groups as compared to those examined preoperatively(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. However, the plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in group B were significantly higher than those in group A(P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative analgesia with lornoxicam/morphine or morphine is able to produce an adequate postoperative analgesia to patients undergoing gastrointestinal carcinoma operation. Lornoxicam and morphine analgesia possesses a better metabolic intervention in decreasing the protein metabolism and improving the nitrogen balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen-Qi
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010894:Piroxicam; D009020:Morphine; C059451:lornoxicam; D006854:Hydrocortisone