title: Risk stratification for biochemical recurrence in men with positive surgical margins or extracapsular disease after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In men with extracapsular disease or positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy immediate adjuvant therapy decreases the risk of biochemical recurrence at the cost of increased toxicity. We further stratified these men into a low risk group in which watchful waiting after surgery may be preferred and a high risk cohort in which adjuvant therapy may be preferred.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of 902 men treated with radical prostatectomy in the Shared Equal-Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database between 1988 and 2007 with positive surgical margins and/or extracapsular disease without seminal vesicle invasion or lymph node metastasis. The significant independent predictors of biochemical recurrence were determined using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Based on the recurrence risk generated from the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model we generated tables to estimate the risk of recurrence-free survival 1, 3 and 5 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median of 3 years of followup 346 patients (39%) had biochemical recurrence. On multivariate analysis the significant predictors of biochemical recurrence were age more than 60 years, prostate specific antigen more than 10 ng/ml, Gleason score 4 + 3 and 8-10, 2 or more sites of positive surgical margins and prostate specimen weight 30 gm or less. As determined by the concordance index, the overall predictive accuracy of the model was 0.67, while it was 0.60 for the postoperative Kattan nomogram in this patient population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a simple instrument that, once validated, may aid in the postoperative decision making process for men at intermediate risk for recurrence after prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Jayakrishnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jayachandran
authors.forename: Lionel L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bañez
authors.forename: Donna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Aronson
authors.forename: Martha K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Terris
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Presti
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Amling
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Freedland
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen