title: Inflammatory mediators in the immunobiology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: Inflammation is important in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages and proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines denote early inflammation in clinical scenarios such as in utero inflammation with chorioamnionitis or initial lung injury associated with respiratory distress syndrome or ventilator-induced lung injury. The persistence and non-resolution of lung inflammation contributes greatly to BPD, including altering the lung's ability to repair, contributing to fibrosis, and inhibiting secondary septation, alveolarization, and normal vascular development. Further understanding of the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPD, in particular, during the chronic inflammatory period, offers us the opportunity to develop inflammation-related prevention and treatment strategies of this disease that has long-standing consequences for very premature infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Developmental Biology of the Lung, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. rryan@upa.chob.edu
authors.forename: Rita M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Qadeer
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Satyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lakshminrusimha
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007249:Inflammation; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases