title: Decreased levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins in men with long-standing tetraplegia.
abstract: METHODS
  Blood samples were frequently collected during a 24-h period from six tetraplegic men. The results were compared with those of eight able-bodied controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the plasma concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in tetraplegia. The objective of this study was to examine the pituitary-gonadal axis by determining the plasma concentrations and circadian variations of these hormones in men with long-standing tetraplegia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sunnaas Hospital, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasma concentrations of hormones were measured with standardized assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three hormones and free testosterone index were decreased in the tetraplegic subjects compared with the able-bodied controls (P<0.05). We also determined the morning levels of hormones with regulatory effects on testosterone, LH and FSH. Whereas plasma leptin was significantly higher in the tetraplegic group, no significant differences in the morning plasma values for insulin, SHBG, GH or IGF-1, or in the 24-h urine concentrations of cortisol were detected between the two groups. The plasma concentration of LH displayed a circadian variation (P<0.05) in the tetraplegic group, but not among the able-bodied. No circadian variation was noted for the plasma concentrations of testosterone and FSH in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that, over time, tetraplegic male subjects might be at risk of developing hypogonadism.
authors.affiliation: Section for Spinal Cord Injury, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen, Norway. Emil.Kostovski@sunnaas.no
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kostovski
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birkeland
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Torjesen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hjeltnes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D052681:Gonadotrophs / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone