Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in major depression: effect of sertraline therapy.
The specific associations between antidepressant treatment and alterations in the levels of cytokines remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, and MCP-1 in major depression and to investigate the effects of sertraline therapy. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured at the time of admission and 8 weeks after sertraline treatment. Our results suggest that the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, and TNF-alpha) and MCP-1 were significantly higher, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-beta1 were significantly lower in patients with major depression than those of healthy controls. It seems likely that the sertraline therapy might have exerted immunomodulatory effects through a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-beta1. In conclusion, our results indicate that Th1-, Th2-, and Th3-type cytokines are altered in the depressed patients and some of them might have been corrected by sertraline treatment.
Sutcigil
Levent
L
Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, 06018 Ankara, Turkey. lsutcigil@gata.edu.tr
Oktenli
Cagatay
C
Musabak
Ugur
U
Bozkurt
Ali
A
Cansever
Adnan
A
Uzun
Ozcan
O
Sanisoglu
S Yavuz
SY
Yesilova
Zeki
Z
Ozmenler
Nahit
N
Ozsahin
Aytekin
A
Sengul
Ali
A
D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D020280:Sertraline