title: Cyclic GMP in the pig vitreous and retina after experimental retinal detachment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Earlier studies have revealed a decreased level of cGMP in vitreous fluid obtained from patients with a retinal detachment. To further investigate this phenomenon, we developed an experimental retinal detachment model in pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental unilateral retinal detachments were induced in pig eyes by subretinal injection of 0.25% sodium hyaluronate. Fourteen days later the vitreous and retinas were analyzed for cGMP expression. Following enucleation, the retinas were incubated in the presence of a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor (IBMX), and the particulate guanylyl cyclase stimulator atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or the soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator sodium nitroprusside (SNP). cGMP was visualized in retinal wholemounts by immunochemistry combined with a computer based stereology system. cGMP levels in vitreous were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean vitreous cGMP level in pig eyes with a retinal detachment (1.45 pmol/ml) was significantly lower compared to the mean level of cGMP in healthy pig eyes (4.61 pmol/ml; p=0.028 was considered significant). In the inner retina, ANP as well as SNP induced cGMP immunoreactivity in both detached and healthy retinas. After incubation with ANP, cGMP could also be detected in the outer nuclear layer of the detached retina, whereas this was not the case in the normal retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Experimental retinal detachment in the pig eye leads to a decrease of cGMP levels in vitreous similar to that observed in clinical studies. This model may be helpful to analyze the mechanisms involved in cGMP dynamics following retinal detachment.
authors.affiliation: Eye Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roselie M H
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Diederen
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: La Heij
authors.forename: Marijke A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Aize
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kijlstra
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Vente
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hendrikse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000473:pathology; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D006152:Cyclic GMP