title: Activation of prostaglandin EP receptors by lubiprostone in rat and human stomach and colon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lubiprostone (Amitiza), a possible ClC-2 channel opener derived from prostaglandin E(1) and indicated for the treatment of constipation, increases chloride ion transport and fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen. As lubiprostone may also directly modulate gastrointestinal motility, we investigated its actions and the possible involvement of prostaglandin EP receptor activation on rat and human isolated gastrointestinal preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat and human isolated preparations were mounted in tissue baths for isometric recording. The effects of lubiprostone on muscle tension and on electrically stimulated, neuronal contractions were investigated in the absence and presence of EP receptor antagonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In rat and human stomach longitudinal muscle, lubiprostone induced a contraction (pEC(50) of 7.0+/-0.0, n=4 and 6.4+/-0.2, n=3, respectively), which was inhibited by pretreatment with the EP(1) receptor antagonist, EP(1)A 300 nM (pEC(50) reduced to 6.2+/-0.2, n=6), but not by the EP(3) or EP(4) receptor antagonists (L-798106 and GW627368X, respectively, 1 microM, P>0.05). Lubiprostone also reduced electrically stimulated, neuronal contractions in rat and human colon circular muscle preparations (pIC(50) of 8.9+/-0.4, n=7 and 8.7+/-0.9, n=6, respectively), an effect mediated pre-junctionally. This effect was reduced by the EP(4) receptor antagonist (pIC(50) of 6.7+/-1.1, n=7 and 7.7+/-0.4, n=6, respectively) but not by EP(1) or EP(3) receptor antagonists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rats and humans, lubiprostone contracts stomach longitudinal muscle and inhibits neuronally mediated contractions of colon circular muscle. Experiments are now needed to determine if this additional activity of lubiprostone contributes to its clinical efficacy and/or side-effect profile.
authors.affiliation: Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery (CEDD), GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bassil
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Borman
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jarvie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McArthur-Wilson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thangiah
authors.forename: E Z H
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sanger
mesh_terms: D000527:Alprostadil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D054833:Isoindoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068238:Lubiprostone; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000378:metabolism; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054833:Isoindoles; C515270:N-(2-(4-(4,9-diethoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo(f)isoindol-2-yl)phenyl)acetyl)benzene sulphonamide; C545644:PTGER2 protein, human; C545647:PTGER3 protein, human; C545650:PTGER4 protein, human; C545646:Ptger2 protein, rat; C545649:Ptger3 protein, rat; C545652:Ptger4 protein, rat; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000068238:Lubiprostone; D000527:Alprostadil