title: Identification of prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes a process for the identification of genes that can report on the aggressiveness of prostate tumors and thereby add to the information provided by current pathologic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression profiling data from over 100 laser capture microdissection derived samples from nonneoplastic epithelium; Gleason patterns 3, 4, and 5 and node metastasis prostate cancer were used to identify genes at abnormally high levels in only some tumors. These variably overexpressed genes were stratified by their association with aggressive phenotypes and were subsequently filtered to exclude genes with redundant expression patterns. Selected genes were validated in a case-control study in which cases (systemic progression within 5 years) and controls (no systemic progression at 7 years of follow-up) were matched for all clinical and pathologic criteria from time of prostatectomy (n = 175). Both cases and controls, therefore, could have nodal invasion or seminal vesicle involvement at the time of initial treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of candidate variably overexpressed genes selected for their association with aggressive prostate cancer phenotype were evaluated in the case control study. The most prominent candidates were SSTR1 and genes related to proliferation, including TOP2A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process described here identified genes that add information not available from current clinical measures and can improve the prognosis of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kosari
authors.forename: Jan Marie A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Munz
authors.forename: C Dilara
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Savci-Heijink
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spiro
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: Dagmar Marie
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kube
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tillmans
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slezak
authors.forename: R Jeffrey
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cheville
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasmatzis
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; C000618811:TOP2A protein, human