title: Maternal characteristics in relation to income in a semi-rural community in Pakistan.
abstract: Women's health and socioeconomic status is fundamental to development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of monthly household income with demographic, nutritional and social characteristics in women living in a semi-rural location near Karachi. Thus 1111 mothers with at least 1 child under 5 years of age were interviewed. Self-reported monthly income was positively associated with gravidity, mid upper-arm circumference, cooking frequency per day and self and spousal literacy; it was negatively associated with number of occupants per room, wood used as cooking fuel, and spouse in a skilled occupation. Income is dependent on non-income factors such as literacy, and the nutritional and reproductive health status of women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. rehana.siddiqui@aku.edu
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016014:Linear Models; D008429:Maternal Welfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010154:Pakistan; D011204:Poverty Areas; D017584:Reproductive History; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health