title: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus in children younger than 6 months of age: is it a first-choice method?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is considered a safe procedure and is a method of choice in treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus nowadays. In case of Sylvian aqueduct stenosis, the success rate reaches 90%. In children younger than 6 to 24 months, respectively, however, some authors report lower effectiveness ranging between 0% and 64%. The reasons of ETV failure are discussed: hyporesorption in patients with obstruction as a consequence of hemorrhage or infection, suboptimal ETV performance, especially in premature newborns, or the theory of different cerebrospinal fluid circulation in newborn babies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and December 2006 in our clinic, 14 patients younger than 6 months having presented with obstructive hydrocephalus were treated endoscopically. Obstruction was revealed by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The etiology of hydrocephalus was congenital aqueduct stenosis in five patients, posthemorrhagic obstruction in eight patients, and combination of posthemorrhagic and postinfection etiology in one patient. ETV was considered successful when no shunt operation was needed in the patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ETV was successful in eight patients who experienced regression of signs of intracranial hypertension and were not forced to undergo ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunting. In one patient, a successful repeat ETV was performed. In the remaining six patients, V-P shunt implantation was necessary. Total success rate in our group of patients was 57%. The only complication was subdural hygroma in one patient requiring evacuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our experience, we recommend ETV as the method of choice in children younger than 6 month of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 52, Czech Republic. rlipina@volny.cz
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lipina
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reguli
authors.forename: Viera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dolezilová
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuncíková
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Podesvová
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*