title: Olfactory neuroblastoma: long-term clinical outcome at a single institute between 1979 and 2003.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The progression of olfactory neuroblastoma showed a biphasic pattern. As well as Hyams' histopathological grading and neck metastasis at presentation, early phase recurrence should be regarded as an important prognosticator. A high local failure rate suggests that craniofacial resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy should still be the standard treatment for olfactory neuroblastoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with survival and local control of olfactory neuroblastoma in the long run and to estimate treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (seven men and five women) who had undergone initial curative treatment for olfactory neuroblastoma were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cause-specific 10-year survival was 64.8%, while disease-free 10-year survival remained 28.6%. Local failure was found in half of the patients. All of the three patients who did not receive radiotherapy developed local failure. A biphasic pattern of recurrence was observed. The early phase recurrence group showed a significantly poorer survival than the late phase recurrence group. Hyams' histopathological grading and neck metastasis at presentation were also correlated with survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. knakao-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujishiro
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
authors.forename: Akiteru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawahara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010524:Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents