title: 14-3-3 zeta down-regulates p53 in mammary epithelial cells and confers luminal filling.
abstract: Recent progress in diagnostic tools allows many breast cancers to be detected at an early preinvasive stage. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular basis of early breast cancer progression is essential. Previously, we discovered that 14-3-3 zeta is overexpressed in >40% of advanced breast cancers, and this overexpression predicts poor patient survival. Here, we examined at what stage of breast disease 14-3-3 zeta overexpression occurs, and we found that increased expression of 14-3-3 zeta begins at atypical ductal hyperplasia, an early stage of breast disease. To determine whether 14-3-3 zeta overexpression is a decisive early event in breast cancer, we overexpressed 14-3-3 zeta in MCF10A cells and examined its effect in a three-dimensional culture model. We discovered that 14-3-3 zeta overexpression severely disrupted the acini architecture resulting in luminal filling. Proper lumen formation is a result of anoikis, apoptosis due to detachment from the basement membrane. We found that 14-3-3 zeta overexpression conferred resistance to anoikis. Additionally, 14-3-3 zeta overexpression in MCF10A cells and in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) from 14-3-3 zeta transgenic mice reduced expression of p53, which is known to mediate anoikis. Mechanistically, 14-3-3 zeta induced hyperactivation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway which led to phosphorylation and translocation of the MDM2 E3 ligase resulting in increased p53 degradation. Ectopic expression of p53 restored luminal apoptosis in 14-3-3 zeta-overexpressing MCF10A acini in three-dimensional cultures. These data suggest that 14-3-3 zeta overexpression is a critical event in early breast disease, and down-regulation of p53 is one of the mechanisms by which 14-3-3 zeta alters MEC acini structure and increases the risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Danes
authors.forename: Shannon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wyszomierski
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dihua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis / Q000502:physiology; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex