title: An alternative method of wound pain control following hepatic resection: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural analgesia is considered one of the optimal methods for provision of postoperative pain relief in patients recovering from major upper abdominal operations. Concerns regarding the potential risk of neurological complications prompted an evaluation of an alternative strategy using a continuous intermuscular bupivacaine (CIB) infusion combined with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two fine-bore catheters are inserted in the deep intermuscular intercostal neuronal plane during abdominal wound closure, and a continuous infusion of bupivacaine 0.25% is commenced for 72 h postoperatively. Simultaneously, patient-controlled analgesia provided intravenous morphine on demand. The study comprised 10 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection in whom CIB infusion and PCA were employed. The feasibility, safety and efficacy of the technique were investigated, analysing postoperative pain scores, morphine requirements, spirometry and oxygen saturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no postoperative deaths. Postoperative morbidity included one urinary tract infection, one minor chest infection and acute confusional episodes in two patients. Median pain scores and morphine requirements at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively were satisfactory. Spirometry and oxygen saturation values also remained within the normal range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary experience with CIB infusion/PCA in the aftermath of major liver resection has demonstrated its simplicity and safety as an alternative method of postoperative pain control. Further study is required to investigate the role of CIB infusion/PCA as a practical alternative to epidural analgesia or PCA alone.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-biliary Unit, North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamijmarane
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bulters
authors.forename: J K G
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rees