title: Biomechanical characteristics of nonbridging external fixators for distal radius fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonbridging external fixation is becoming popular for distal radius fractures, although its biomechanical characteristics have not been documented. This study evaluated the biomechanical characteristics of nonbridging external fixators for distal radius fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested 3 currently available nonbridging fixators (F-Wrist fixator, Hoffman II Compact, and Pennig Dynamic Wrist Fixator) and determined their relative stiffness under axial compression, torsion, and bending moments (dorsal, volar, radial, and ulnar aspects) using a uniform unstable distal radius fracture model. The contact pressure and its total load on the fracture plane were also measured to evaluate the mechanical stimuli at the stable fracture site using a pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were observed in the stiffness: the Pennig fixator was the stiffest, whereas the F-Wrist fixator was the least rigid. The total load transmitted from the wrist joint to the fracture plane depended on the fixator stiffness in axial compression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By determining the biomechanical characteristics of nonbridging external fixators, these data may help the clinician when deciding on a particular device for nonbridging external fixation.
authors.affiliation: Venture Business Laboratory, Niigata University, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan. yamako@gs.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamako
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D016267:External Fixators; D006801:Humans; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000601:surgery*