title: fMRI of optokinetic eye movements with and without a contribution of smooth pursuit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optokinetic eye movements are elicited when tracking a moving pattern. It can be argued that a moving pattern of stripes invokes both the optokinetic and the smooth pursuit eye movement system, which may confound the observed brain activation patterns using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A moving pattern of limited-lifetime-dot stimulation does not target the smooth pursuit eye movement system.
  
  
  METHODS
  fMRI was used to compare the cortical activity elicited by an optokinetic eye movement response evoked by a moving pattern of stripes and a moving pattern of limited lifetime dots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eye movement behavior showed that both types of stimuli evoked an adequate and similar optokinetic eye movement response, but stimulation with stripes evoked more activation in the frontal and parietal eye fields, MT/V5, and in the cerebellar area VI than stimulation with limited-lifetime dots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These brain areas are implicated in smooth pursuit eye movements. Our results suggest that indeed both the optokinetic and the smooth pursuit eye movement system are involved in tracking a moving pattern of stripes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline K L
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Schraa-Tam
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Maarten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frens
authors.forename: P C A
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Broekhoven
authors.forename: Josef N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: van der Geest
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000502:physiology