title: D2 dopamine receptor expression and trafficking is regulated through direct interactions with ZIP.
abstract: We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify protein kinase C-zeta interacting protein (ZIP) as a novel interacting protein for the D(2) dopamine receptor (DAR). This interaction was identified by screening a rat brain cDNA library using the third intracellular loop of the D(2) DAR as bait. A partial-length cDNA encoding ZIP was isolated and characterized as specifically interacting with the third intracellular loop of the D(2) DAR, but not with the third intracellular loops of other DAR subtypes. Biochemical confirmation of the ZIP-D(2) DAR interaction was obtained by expressing the full-length ZIP and D(2) DAR proteins in mammalian cells and demonstrating that they could be co-immunoprecipitated. We further showed that ZIP and the D(2) DAR could be co-immunoprecipitated from endogenous brain tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses further revealed that ZIP and the D(2) DAR were extensively co-localized within numerous neurons in various brain regions. ZIP exists as three protein isoforms of varying length, which are derived from alternative RNA splicing. All three isoforms were found to interact with the D(2) DAR, which allowed for the delineation of the receptor interacting domain to within 38 residues of ZIP. Functionally, over-expression of ZIP was found to result in decreased expression of the D(2) DAR with a corresponding decrease in receptor modulation of cAMP accumulation. Confocal microscopy revealed that ZIP over-expression also lead to an intracellular accumulation of D(2) DAR protein in lysosome compartments. These results suggest that ZIP can physically interact with the D(2) DAR leading to increased intracellular trafficking to lysosomes with subsequent down-regulation of receptor expression and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7582, USA. jokim@ku.edu
authors.forename: Ok-Jin
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Marjorie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ariano
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Namkung
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marinec
authors.forename: Eunmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Sibley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; C491079:Sqstm1 protein, rat; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon