title: Prevalence of aflatoxin M1 and B1 in milk and animal feeds from urban smallholder dairy production in Dagoretti Division, Nairobi, Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of Aflatoxin M1 and Total Aflatoxin B1 in milk and animal feeds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional household study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban and peri-urban area of Dagoretti Division, Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty seven dairy farming households and 134 non-dairy neighbouring households.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of AFM1 in milk was found to be 45.5% (178/391). The farmer prevalence was 43.5% (112/257), while that of non-farmer was 49.2% (66/ 134). There was however no statistical significant difference between the two categories. Of the 178 positive milk samples, 49% had aflatoxin levels exceeding 0.05 microg Kg(-1). The prevalence of AFB1 in the feed was found to be 98.6% (69/70) with 83% of the samples having aflatoxin B1 levels exceeding 10 microg Kg(-1). Only one feed sample had no traces of AFB1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study points to an underlying problem that requires the action by policy makers, considering the number of samples with aflatoxin M1 [49%] and aflatoxin B1 [83%] exceeding the WHO/FAO tolerance limits for milk and feeds destined for dairy animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-0625, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kang'ethe
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: M'Ibui
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lang'at
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008892:Milk; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1