title: Analysis of chlorothalonil and three degradates in sediment and soil.
abstract: A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction of chlorothalonil and three of its degradates (4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile, 1-carbamoyl-3-cyano-4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichlorobenzene, and 1,3-dicarbamoyl-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene) from soils and sediments; the compounds were extracted using sonication with acetone and isolation of the parent compound and matrix interferences from the degradates by solid phase extraction (SPE). The chlorothalonil fraction underwent further coextracted matrix interference removal with Florisil. The degradates were derivatized with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS). All compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries on a spiked (20 and 200 microg kg (-1)) sediment ranged from 80% to 91% with calculated limits of detection of 1-5 microg kg (-1) dry weight sediment. An additional 20 sediment samples were collected in watersheds from the Southeastern United States where chlorothalonil is used widely on peanuts and other crops. None of the target compounds were detected. Laboratory fortified recoveries of chlorothalonil and its degradates in these environmental sediment samples ranged from 75% to 89%.
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey, Sacramento, California 95819, USA. mhladik@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hladik
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kuivila
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013010:Sonication
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D012987:Soil; D000096:Acetone; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile