title: Executive functions in pathologic gamblers selected in an ecologic setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have reported deficits in measures of decision making in pathologic gamblers (PGs) suggesting an involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. As only 7% to 12% of PGs are thought to seek treatment, most of the studies have relied on few specifically selected groups of PGs recruited from psychiatric units who were undergoing or seeking treatment and therefore their results are poorly representative of the general PG population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study compared decision making and executive functions among 11 PGs who were selected from an ecologic setting and 11 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PG group selected fewer advantageous cards on a decision-making task, the Iowa Gambling Task, and made more commission errors on the Go-No Go task, a test of inhibitory control, compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impairments in decision making are similar to those previously reported in individuals with prefrontal lesions and treatment-seeking PGs. PGs also presented impairment in tasks of inhibitory control suggesting an involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of pathologic gambling (PG). The deficits in decision making and inhibition of irrelevant information observed in this study may have distinct but additive effects upon the development of PG behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torralva
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetkovich
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manes
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D012931:Social Environment