title: ADCK3, an ancestral kinase, is mutated in a form of recessive ataxia associated with coenzyme Q10 deficiency.
abstract: Muscle coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10) or ubiquinone) deficiency has been identified in more than 20 patients with presumed autosomal-recessive ataxia. However, mutations in genes required for CoQ(10) biosynthetic pathway have been identified only in patients with infantile-onset multisystemic diseases or isolated nephropathy. Our SNP-based genome-wide scan in a large consanguineous family revealed a locus for autosomal-recessive ataxia at chromosome 1q41. The causative mutation is a homozygous splice-site mutation in the aarF-domain-containing kinase 3 gene (ADCK3). Five additional mutations in ADCK3 were found in three patients with sporadic ataxia, including one known to have CoQ(10) deficiency in muscle. All of the patients have childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia with slow progression, and three of six have mildly elevated lactate levels. ADCK3 is a mitochondrial protein homologous to the yeast COQ8 and the bacterial UbiB proteins, which are required for CoQ biosynthesis. Three out of four patients tested showed a low endogenous pool of CoQ(10) in their fibroblasts or lymphoblasts, and two out of three patients showed impaired ubiquinone synthesis, strongly suggesting that ADCK3 is also involved in CoQ(10) biosynthesis. The deleterious nature of the three identified missense changes was confirmed by the introduction of them at the corresponding positions of the yeast COQ8 gene. Finally, a phylogenetic analysis shows that ADCK3 belongs to the family of atypical kinases, which includes phosphoinositide and choline kinases, suggesting that ADCK3 plays an indirect regulatory role in ubiquinone biosynthesis possibly as part of a feedback loop that regulates ATP production.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/Université Louis Pasteur, et Collège de France, Chaire de génétique humaine, 67404 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lagier-Tourenne
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tazir
authors.forename: Luis Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Catarina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Quinzii
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assoum
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Drouot
authors.forename: Cleverson
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busso
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ali-Pacha
authors.forename: Traki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benhassine
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anheim
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thibault
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Plewniak
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tranchant
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Poch
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: DiMauro
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.forename: Mario H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002524:Cerebellar Ataxia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000172:deficiency; D005260:Female; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D015003:Yeasts / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003067:Coenzymes; D014451:Ubiquinone; C030778:ubiquinone 8; D010770:Phosphotransferases; C024989:coenzyme Q10