title: Cell-type-specific function of BCL9 involves a transcriptional activation domain that synergizes with beta-catenin.
abstract: Transcriptional regulation by the canonical Wnt pathway involves the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin, which assembles with LEF1/TCF transcription factors and cofactors to activate Wnt target genes. Recently, the nuclear beta-catenin complex has been shown to contain BCL9, which interacts with beta-catenin and recruits Pygopus as a transcriptional coactivator. However, the presumed general functions of Pygopus and BCL9, which has been proposed to act as a scaffolding protein for Pygopus, have been challenged by the rather specific and modest developmental defects of targeted inactivations of both the Pygo1 and the Pygo2 genes. Here, we analyze the function of BCL9 in transcriptional activation by beta-catenin. We find that BCL9 acts in a cell-type-specific manner and, in part, independent of Pygopus. We show that BCL9 itself contains a transcriptional activation domain in the C terminus, which functionally synergizes in lymphoid cells with the C-terminal transactivation domain of beta-catenin. Finally, we identify amino acids in the transactivation domain of beta-catenin that are important for its function and association with the histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300 and TRRAP/GCN5. Thus, BCL9 may serve to modulate and diversify the transcriptional responses to Wnt signaling in a cell-type-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany. grosschedl@immunbio.mpg.de.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sustmann
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flach
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Quinn
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grosschedl
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C111180:BCL9 protein, human; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C453402:PYGO1 protein, human; C453401:PYGO2 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin