title: [Endothelial changes in cardiovascular pathology in the elderly. Part 2. Signal molecules and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].
abstract: This article is a continuation of the review on the issue of the interaction between the endothelium and numerous biologically active substances, secreted by endotheliocytes and their environment--the so called signal molecules--in the most prevalent cardiovascular pathology in the elderly. For example tumor necrosis factor plays a pathogenetic role as an immunomodulator, possesses anti-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic properties, provokes endothelial dysfunction, and stimulates the expression of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Other signal molecules are described as well. The article also presents data from studies directed towards the perfection of atherosclerosis therapy via affecting signal molecules: depression of the expression of interleukins and their receptors, inhibition of atherogenic interleukins, neutralization of pro-inflammatory interleukins, and introduction of interleukin receptor antagonists.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Proshchaev
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Il'intski
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kvetnoĭ
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Zeziulin
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kniaz'kin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Konovalov
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Filippov
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines