title: An audit of outcomes of a series of periampullary carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-pancreatic periampullary carcinoma such as ampullary carcinoma (AmpCA), distal cholangiocellular carcinoma (CholCA) and duodenal carcinoma (DuoCA) have a better prognosis than pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (PanCA). This study describes the outcome and parameters, which predict survival of non-pancreatic periampullary carcinoma after resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 148 consecutive patients with non-pancreatic periampullary carcinomas were recorded prospectively between 1993 and 2005 and analyzed using univariate and multivariate models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-three of 148 (90%) patients were resected for histologically proven non-pancreatic periampullary carcinomas. R0 resection was achieved for 92% of AmpCA, for 88% of CholCA and for all the DuoCA. The lowest recurrence rate was seen in DuoCA with 18%, followed by AmpCA with 21% and CholCA with 46%. The mean survival time was 60.9 months for AmpCA patients, 42.9 months for CholCA and 45.4 months for DuoCA patients. Five-year survival was 50.5%, 29.9% and 24.5% for AmpCA, CholCA and DuoCA, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified low bilirubin levels (<100 micromol/l), R0 resections and absence of surgical complications to be strong independent predictors of survival (p<0.05). In AmpCA low tumor stages are also an independent predictor of long-term survival (p<0.01). For T1/T2 AmpCA the 5-year survival rate was 61%, whereas none of the patients with a T3/T4 tumor survived 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only T1/T2 ampullary carcinomas have a good prognosis, whereas T3/T4 ampullary tumors show aggressiveness similar to that of pancreatic head adenocarcinomas. Absence of surgical complications determines long-term outcome. Therefore, the combination of a complication-free and radical resection is essential for long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Berberat
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Künzli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulbinas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramanauskas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D054869:Clinical Audit / Q000379:methods*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome