title: Effects of perinatal, combined exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene on rat female reproductive system.
abstract: Prenatal or early postnatal exposure to some synthetic chemicals may affect the later reproductive system of the offspring. 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (DCB) is used as an air freshener and a moth repellent and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a persistent metabolite of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane that was used as a pesticide before. DCB concentrations of residential air and oral p,p'-DDE intake through marine products are demonstrated to be rather high in Japan. Such situations lead to high body burden of these pollutants in pregnant women. Consequently, foetuses and neonates will be exposed much more to DCB and p,p'-DDE via the mother. Therefore, the effects of the perinatal, combined exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE on the female reproductive system have been investigated in mature rat female offspring of dams ingesting 25 p.p.m. DCB (approximately 2 mg/kg) and 125 p.p.m. p,p'-DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg) during the gestational and lactational period. Sexual maturation was fully developed in the rat female offspring perinatally exposed to DCB and/or p,p'-DDE through maternal exposure. The combined effect of DCB and p,p'-DDE was observed, and the ovarian weight was seen to decrease to approximately 80% of the control rat in matured female offspring following perinatal exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE. This alteration might lead to reproductive dysfunction in matured female offspring. However, biological relevance of the alteration in the ovary remained uncertain in the present study. Further investigations concerning the reproductive function and mechanistic implication are required for elucidating the combined effects of perinatal exposure to DCB and p,p'-DDE on the later female reproductive system entirely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. ymakita@eisei.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D007774:Lactation; D009929:Organ Size; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; C018511:4-dichlorobenzene