Do decision biases predict bad decisions? Omission bias, naturalness bias, and influenza vaccination.
OBJECTIVE
Numerous studies using hypothetical vignettes have demonstrated decision biases or deviations from utility theory. Do people who commit biases in questionnaire studies make worse real-world decisions than do less biased people?


METHODS
Two hundred seventy university faculty and staff participated in a questionnaire study in which they reported whether they accepted a free influenza vaccine offered at their work place. Influenza vaccine acceptance was the measure of real-world decision making. Participants responded to 3 hypothetical scenarios. Two scenarios measured the omission bias and described a vaccine (scenario 1) and a medication (scenario 2) that prevented a negative health outcome but that itself could cause the negative health outcome. The omission bias is a preference for not vaccinating or medicating even when the vaccine/medication lowers the total risk of the negative outcome. A 3rd scenario measured the naturalness bias by presenting a choice between 2 chemically identical medications, one extracted from a natural herb and the other synthesized in a laboratory. Preference for the natural medication indicated the naturalness bias.


RESULTS
The results indicated that a substantial proportion of participants exhibited these biases and that participants who exhibited these biases were less likely to accept the flu vaccine.


CONCLUSIONS
To the extent that declining a free flu vaccine is a worse real-world decision, people who demonstrate the naturalness and omission biases in hypothetical scenarios make worse real-world decisions.
Dibonaventura
Marco daCosta
Md
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA. dibonavm@mskcc.org
Chapman
Gretchen B
GB
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014611:Vaccination / Q000523:psychology*