title: Sonothrombolysis with transcranial color-coded sonography and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute middle cerebral artery main stem occlusion: results from a randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sonothrombolysis is a new treatment approach in acute ischemic stroke. The results of a monocenter, randomized clinical study are presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects with acute middle cerebral artery main stem occlusion were randomized into a target group receiving 1-hour transcranial continuous insonation using a 1.8-MHz Doppler ultrasound (US) probe or a control group. All underwent standard thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven subjects were included; 19 subjects were treated in the target (US) group and 18 in the control (no-US) group, all with no residual flow in the middle cerebral artery main stem occlusion (Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia recanalization grade 0). Compared with the no-US group, the US group showed greater improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale values at days 1 and 4 and a higher median Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia grade 1 hour after recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator initiation. Recanalization (complete or partial) after 1 hour occurred in 57.9% of the US group and 22.2% of the no-US group (P=0.045). After 90 days, 4 subjects from the US group had a modified Rankin Score <or=1 (none from the no-US group) and 8 had a Barthel Index >or=95 (none from the no US group; P=0.106 and P=0.003, respectively). Three subjects from the US group (15.8%) developed a symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage as did one (5.6%) in the no-US group (P=0.60).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This small randomized study indicates a beneficial impact of transcranial ultrasound on recanalization and short-term outcome in subjects with middle cerebral artery main stem occlusion and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Asklepios Hospital Hamburg North, Tangstedter Landstrasse 400, D-22417 Hamburg, Germany. juergeneggers@gmx.net
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eggers
authors.forename: Inke R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Händler
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seidel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator