title: Development of the mental, emotional, and bodily toughness inventory in collegiate athletes and nonathletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of an individual's mental toughness would assist clinicians in enhancing an individual's performance, improving compliance with the rehabilitation program, and improving the individual treatment program. However, no sound measure of mental toughness exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new measure of mental toughness, the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were invited to complete a 45-item questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 261 undergraduate students were recruited to complete the questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rasch-calibrated item difficulties, fit statistics, and persons' mental toughness ability estimates were examined for model-data fit of the MeBTough.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three of the 45 items had good model-data fit with acceptable fit statistics. Results indicated that the distribution of items was fittingly targeted to the people and the collapsed rating scale functioned well. The item separation index (6.31) and separation reliability statistic (.98) provided evidence that the items had good variability with a high degree of confidence in replicating placement of the items from another sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provided support for using the new measure of mental, emotional, and bodily toughness.
authors.affiliation: School of Health, Physical Education, and Leisure Services, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0241, USA. mickey.mack@uni.edu
authors.forename: Mick G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ragan
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires