title: Efficacy and safety of torasemide in children with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy and safety of torasemide in children with chronic heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  102 children with chronic HF who had received oral torasemide were analysed. Of these, 62 (de novo group) were newly diagnosed as having HF and were given torasemide as a diuretic. The remaining 40 (replacement group) had been given furosemide for >3 months before the study, and furosemide was then replaced with torasemide. Clinical signs and symptoms of HF (assessed as the HF index), humoral factors and serum potassium concentrations before torasemide treatment were compared with those obtained 3-4 weeks after torasemide treatment. Patients were also monitored for adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the de novo group, torasemide significantly improved the HF index with concomitant improvement in plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration (median (interquartile range) 52 (51) vs 43 (49) pg/ml). In a randomly selected group of 25 de novo patients with ventricular septal defect, echocardiography showed that torasemide significantly improved left ventricular geometry and function. In the replacement group, brain natriuretic peptide concentrations were also significantly decreased from 50 (104) to 45 (71) pg/ml after substitution of torasemide, but the HF index showed only a tendency for improvement (p = 0.07). Torasemide also had a potassium-sparing effect (de novo group, no change in potassium concentration; replacement group, significant increase from 4.2 (0.5) to 4.3 (0.5) mEq/l), and caused a significant rise in serum aldosterone concentration, consistent with the anti-aldosterone effect of this drug. Serum concentrations of sodium and uric acid had not changed after torasemide treatment, and there were no serious adverse events that necessitated drug withdrawal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Torasemide can be safely used, and appears to be effective for treatment of HF in children. Future clinical trials are warranted to verify the present results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan. hsenzaki@saitama-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senzaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masutani
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taketazu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katogi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyo
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077786:Torsemide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D000077786:Torsemide