title: The effect of ureteral stent placement on post-ureteroscopy complications: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine, by systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials examining ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy, whether the presence or absence of a stent was associated with postoperative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomized clinical trials of ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy were identified with PubMed. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a urologic complication, defined as secondary procedure, emergency department evaluation, or hospital admission. The complication rates were compared between the stented (treatment) and unstented (control) arms of each trial as a risk difference, pooled as a weighted average across all studies, using both fixed and random-effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten trials were identified, with a total of 891 subjects. Patients undergoing ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy had a 4% lower occurrence of urologic complications (95% confidence interval -10.1%, 1.8%). This difference, however, failed to reach statistical significance after accounting for heterogeneity in the data (P = 0.175).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a slightly lower absolute risk of complication associated with the placement of a ureteral stent after ureteroscopy. However, meta-analysis of the present literature does not detect a significant difference in outcome between patients who undergo ureteral stent placement after ureteroscopy and those who do not.
authors.affiliation: James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21209, USA.
authors.forename: Danil V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Makarov
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Trock
authors.forename: Mohamad E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Allaf
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Matlaga
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015607:Stents; D014513:Ureter; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*