title: Influence of beta-glucans on the immune responses of carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis).
abstract: The effects of beta-glucans on several immune functions of carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) hemocytes were determined. Nitric oxide (NO) production increased significantly in beta-glucan treated mussels and clams. In mussels, beta-glucans increased by themselves the release of free oxygen radicals and also were able to enhance the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) mediated effect on this hemocyte activity. However, high doses of beta-glucans when combined with zymosan decreased this respiratory burst. In clams, hemolymph treated with several doses of beta-glucans limited the growth of the three bacteria, Vibrio algynolyticus (strain TA15), Vibrio splendidus (strain TA2) and Escherichia coli (strain ATCC 13706). This modulation on the antibacterial activity, however, was not observed when mussel hemolymph was incubated with beta-glucans. These results suggest that the immune responses of these animals can be up and down modulated by external stimuli and, although clams and mussels are both relatively closely related species, their behaviour concerning immune responses can be different.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mar Costa
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Novoa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueras
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000382:microbiology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D049878:Mytilus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014733:Vibrio / Q000254:growth & development; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000254:growth & development; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D047071:beta-Glucans; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015054:Zymosan; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate