Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinoid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences.
A chemotaxonomic evaluation using hplc profiling was undertaken to resolve the infrageneric and intergeneric affinities of over 150 strains of Xylariaceae. Daldinia placentiformis, Hypoxylon nicaraguense, H. polyporus, and Phylacia sagrana were found to contain 8-methoxy-1-naphthol, which is apparently absent in Annulohypoxylon, Hypoxylon, and related genera with bipartite stromata. D. placentiformis and other species of Daldinia and Entonaema produced this naphthol, 5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone, isosclerone derivatives, and 'AB-5046' phytotoxins. Phylacia sagrana differed from most Daldinia spp., except for D. caldariorum, by producing eutypine derivatives in addition to the above compounds. Indolylquinones were observed in H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus. Isosclerones were also identified in the A. multiforme complex, but Hypoxylon and other Annulohypoxylon and most Hypoxylon spp. studied Annulohypoxylon spp. contained 5-methylmellein as the major metabolite of their cultures. Based on the occurrence of the above metabolites, further mellein-type dihydroisocoumarins, teleomorphic and anamorphic Xylariaceae with Nodulisporium-like anamorphs ('Hypoxyloideae') were divided into various chemotypes. A comparison of their 5.8S/ITS nuc-rDNA sequences agreed in some important aspects with the above results: H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus appeared basal to a clade comprising Daldinia, Entonaema, and Ph. sagrana. The latter species appeared allied to D. caldariorum, but was distantly related to Pyrenomyxa morganii and Hypoxylon s. str.
Bitzer
Jens
J
InterMed Discovery GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
Laessøe
Thomas
T
Fournier
Jacques
J
Kummer
Volker
V
Decock
Cony
C
Tichy
Hans-Volker
HV
Piepenbring
Meike
M
Persoh
Derek
D
Stadler
Marc
M
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009284:Naphthols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013098:Xylariales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D009284:Naphthols; D012340:RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S