title: Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS).
abstract: The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genome encodes three major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the replicase proteins (ORF1), the viral capsid protein (ORF2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (ORF3). Previous phylogenetic analyses of complete genome sequences of PCV2 from GenBank have demonstrated 95-100% intra-group nucleotide sequence identity. However, although these isolates were readily grouped into clusters and clades, there was no correlation between the occurrence of specific PCV2 genotypes and the geographic origin or health status of the pig. In the present study, a unique dataset from a field study spanning the years pre and post the recognition of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Sweden was utilized. Using this dataset it was possible to discriminate three Swedish genogroups (SG1-3) of PCV2, of which SG1 was recovered from a pig on a healthy farm ten years before the first diagnosis of PMWS in Sweden. The SG1 PCV2/ORF2 gene sequence has been demonstrated to exhibit a high genetic stability over time and has subsequently only been demonstrated in samples from pigs on nondiseased farms. In contrast, SG2 was almost exclusively found on farms that had only recently broken down with PMWS whereas the SG3 genogroup predominated in pigs from PMWS-affected farms. These results further support the results obtained from earlier in vitro and in vivo experimental models and suggest the association of specific PCV2 genogroups with diseased and nondiseased pigs in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 588, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Sirje.Timmusk@bvf.slu.se
authors.forename: Sirje
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timmusk
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallgren
authors.forename: Inger Marit
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Brunborg
authors.forename: Frida Hasslung
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Wikström
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meehan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMenamy
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McNeilly
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fuxler
authors.forename: Katinka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belák
authors.forename: Diivi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Põdersoo
authors.forename: Tiiu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saar
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fossum
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D053570:Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D013552:Swine; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins