title: Measurement of natural radioactivity in beach sands from Rizhao bathing beach, China.
abstract: The natural radioactivity of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K was determined for beach sand samples collected from Rizhao bathing beach, China, using gamma ray spectrometry. The measured activity in beach sand ranges from 7.6 to 17.2, 7.8 to 25.1 and 883.4 to 1313.6 Bq kg(-1) for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K with mean values of 12.0, 15.2 and 1079.2 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The activity concentrations of (226)Ra and (232)Th in beach sands are lower, while (40)K is higher than the world average. The radium equivalent activity in all beach sand samples is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD report (370 Bq kg(-1)). The values of the external hazard index are less than unity. The mean outdoor air absorbed dose rate is 59.8 nGy h(-1) and the corresponding outdoor effective dose rate is 0.073 mSv y(-1).
authors.affiliation: School of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China. luxinwei@snnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xinwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D001493:Bathing Beaches; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005843:Geography; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000396:Air Pollutants, Radioactive; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; D013910:Thorium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011883:Radium