title: Th1 and Th2 in human IVF pregnancy with allogenic fetus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positive obstetric outcome of allogenic in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies makes interesting the subject of additional regulatory mechanisms after oocyte donation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty eight women: 23 donation of oocytes (DO), 33 IVF, 32 natural conception (NC) were studied in first trimester of pregnancy. Intracellular production of cytokines and chemokine receptors expression were studied by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracellular production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha by CD4 T lymphocytes in DO women was higher than in IVF and NC women. Ratio IFN-gamma/IL-4 in DO was lower than in IVF. We found higher expression of chemokine receptor CCR4 but not CXCR3 on CD4 T cells in DO compared with IVF and NC. Ratio CXCR3/CCR4 in DO was lower than in NC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperactivation of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) by allogenic fetus is specific for DO pregnancy. Preferable activation of Th2 and relative suppression of Th1 chemokine expression reflect additional regulatory counteractive mechanism(s).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medical Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine. chernyshov@ukr.net
authors.forename: Victor P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Chernyshov
authors.forename: Larisa E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Tumanova
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Sudoma
authors.forename: Vladimir I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Bannikov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005333:Fetus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D018587:Oocyte Donation; D011247:Pregnancy; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D054367:Receptors, CXCR3; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4