title: Morphine withdrawal inhibits IL-12 induction in a macrophage cell line through a mechanism that involves cAMP.
abstract: There are very few studies that examine the effects that morphine withdrawal has on immune functioning, and of these even fewer describe the mechanisms by which withdrawal brings about these changes. Our previous work demonstrated that morphine withdrawal contributed to Th cell differentiation by biasing cells toward the Th2 lineage. A major finding from these studies was that IL-12 was decreased following withdrawal, and it was concluded that this decrease may be a mechanism by which morphine withdrawal is mediating Th2 polarization. Therefore, it was the aim of the current studies to develop an in vitro model to examine the process of morphine withdrawal and to understand the signaling mechanisms that withdrawal may use to effect IL-12 production through the use of this model. It was demonstrated and concluded that morphine withdrawal may be effecting IL-12 production by increasing cAMP levels, which activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A activation then prevents the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaB, which in turn prevents translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit to the nucleus to transactivate the IL-12 p40 gene, ultimately resulting in decreased IL-12 production following LPS stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelschenbach
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ninkovic
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Charboneau
authors.forename: Roderick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barke
authors.forename: Sabita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018664:Interleukin-12; D009020:Morphine; D000242:Cyclic AMP