title: Assessment of craniospinal arteriovenous malformations at 3T with highly temporally and highly spatially resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are known to have an elevated risk of complications with conventional catheter angiography (CCA) but nonetheless require monitoring of hemodynamics. Thus, we aimed to evaluate both anatomy and hemodynamics in patients with AVM noninvasively by using contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) at 3T and to compare the results with CCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study. Twenty control subjects without vascular malformation (6 men, 18-70 years of age) and 10 patients with AVMs (6 men, 20-74 years of age) underwent supra-aortic time-resolved and high-spatial-resolution CE-MRA at 3T. Large-field-of-view coronal acquisitions extending from the root of the aorta to the cranial vertex were obtained for both MRA techniques. Image quality was assessed by 2 specialized radiologists by using a 4-point scale. AVM characteristics and nidus size were evaluated by using both CE-MRA and CCA in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients, 96.6% (319/330) of arterial segments on high-spatial-resolution MRA and 87.7% (272/310) of arterial segments on time-resolved MRA were graded excellent/good. MRA showed 100% specificity for detecting feeding arteries and venous drainage (n = 8) and complete obliteration of the AVM in 2 cases (concordance with CCA). Nidus diameters measured by both MRA and CCA resulted in a very strong correlation (r = 0.99) with a mild overestimation by MRA (0.10 cm by using the Bland-Altman plot).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By combining highly temporally resolved and highly spatially resolved MRA at 3T as complementary studies, one can assess vascular anatomy and hemodynamics noninvasively in patients with AVM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206, USA. rsaleh@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lohan
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Villablanca
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duckwiler
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019786:Gadolinium DTPA