title: Prevalence and determinants of delayed gastric emptying in hospitalised Type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying (GE) in older patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty seven patients with Type 2 diabetes, of whom 140 had been hospitalised, mean age 62.3 +/- 8.0 years, HbA1c 9.1% +/- 1.9%, treated with either oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin were studied. GE of a solid meal (scintigraphy), autonomic nerve function, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, acute and chronic glycemic control were evaluated. Gastric emptying results were compared to a control range of hospitalised patients who did not have diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying was delayed (T50 > 85 min) in 17.7% patients. Mean gastric emptying was slower in females (T50 72.1 +/- 72.1 min vs 56.9 +/- 68.1 min, P = 0.02) and in those reporting nausea (112.3 +/- 67.3 vs 62.7 +/- 70.0 min, P < 0.01) and early satiety (114.0 +/- 135.2 vs 61.1 +/- 62.6 min, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between GE with age, body weight, duration of diabetes, neuropathy, current glycemia or the total score for upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged GE occurs in about 20% of hospitalised elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes when compared to hospitalised patients who do not have diabetes. Female gender, nausea and early satiety are associated with higher probability of delayed GE.
authors.affiliation: Internal Clinic of the Postgraduate Medical School Zlin, Bata Regional Hospital Zlin, Havlickovo nab. 600, Zlin 76000, Czech Republic. marcela.kojecka@centrum.cz
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kojecky
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernatek
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zemek
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bakala
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hep
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors