Ca2+-induced pancreatic cell death: roles of the endoplasmic reticulum, zymogen granules, lysosomes and endosomes.
Alcohol induces Ca(2+)-dependent intracellular trypsinogen activation in the apical granular area via non-oxidative metabolites, such as fatty acid ethyl esters and fatty acids. Intracellular trypsinogen activation is a crucial initiating event in the development of acute pancreatitis, but the specific organelle in which this process takes place has been unknown. Recent data demonstrate that the Ca(2+)-dependent trypsinogen activation occurs in postexocytotic endocytic vacuoles. These vacuoles are acid due to a bafilomycin-sensitive vacuolar H(+) ATPase and have a very Ca(2+)-permeable membrane. Acid endocytic structures, together with lysosomes, zymogen granules and elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, also play an important role in the physiological Ca(2+) signal generation that normally regulates enzyme and fluid secretion from the exocrine pancreas.
Petersen
Ole H
OH
MRC Group, Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. o.h.petersen@liv.ac.uk
D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D016923:Cell Death; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D002118:Calcium