title: Integrated food chain surveillance system for Salmonella spp. in Mexico.
abstract: Few developing countries have foodborne pathogen surveillance systems, and none of these integrates data from humans, food, and animals. We describe the implementation of a 4-state, integrated food chain surveillance system (IFCS) for Salmonella spp. in Mexico. Significant findings were 1) high rates of meat contamination (21.3%-36.4%), 2) high rates of ceftriaxone-resistant S. Typhimurium in chicken, ill humans, and swine (77.3%, 66.3%, and 40.4% of S. Typhimurium T isolates, respectively), and 3) the emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in S. Heidelberg (10.4%) and S. Typhimurium (1.7%) from swine. A strong association between Salmonella spp. contamination in beef and asymptomatic Salmonella spp. infection was only observed in the state with the lowest poverty level (Pearson r = 0.91, p<0.001). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 311 S. Typhimurium isolates showed 14 clusters with 102 human, retail meat, and food-animal isolates with indistinguishable patterns. An IFCS is technically and economically feasible in developing countries and can effectively identify major public health priorities.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General O'Horan, Mérida, Mexico. mbzaidi@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Mussaret B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Juan Jose
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Calva
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Estrada-Garcia
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tollefson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D020387:Food Chain; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents