Integrated food chain surveillance system for Salmonella spp. in Mexico.
Few developing countries have foodborne pathogen surveillance systems, and none of these integrates data from humans, food, and animals. We describe the implementation of a 4-state, integrated food chain surveillance system (IFCS) for Salmonella spp. in Mexico. Significant findings were 1) high rates of meat contamination (21.3%-36.4%), 2) high rates of ceftriaxone-resistant S. Typhimurium in chicken, ill humans, and swine (77.3%, 66.3%, and 40.4% of S. Typhimurium T isolates, respectively), and 3) the emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in S. Heidelberg (10.4%) and S. Typhimurium (1.7%) from swine. A strong association between Salmonella spp. contamination in beef and asymptomatic Salmonella spp. infection was only observed in the state with the lowest poverty level (Pearson r = 0.91, p<0.001). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 311 S. Typhimurium isolates showed 14 clusters with 102 human, retail meat, and food-animal isolates with indistinguishable patterns. An IFCS is technically and economically feasible in developing countries and can effectively identify major public health priorities.
Zaidi
Mussaret B
MB
Hospital General O'Horan, Mérida, Mexico. mbzaidi@prodigy.net.mx
Calva
Juan Jose
JJ
Estrada-Garcia
Maria Teresa
MT
Leon
Veronica
V
Vazquez
Gabriela
G
Figueroa
Gloria
G
Lopez
Estela
E
Contreras
Jesus
J
Abbott
Jason
J
Zhao
Shaohua
S
McDermott
Patrick
P
Tollefson
Linda
L
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D020387:Food Chain; D005516:Food Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D008800:Mexico; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents