Distinct component profiles and high risk among African Americans with metabolic syndrome: the Jackson Heart Study.
OBJECTIVE
Health of African Americans is seriously threatened by unremitting epidemics of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the role of metabolic syndrome in the African-American population has not been investigated widely. This study examined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and assessed its cross-sectional relationship to CVD in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort.


METHODS
A total of 5,302 participants aged >or=21 years who were recruited at baseline during 2000-2004 were analyzed for this study. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated in a logistic regression analysis for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CBD) in those with and without coexisting metabolic syndrome. Diabetic participants were excluded.


RESULTS
Among those aged 35-84 years, metabolic syndrome prevalence was 43.3% in women and 32.7% in men. Elevated blood pressure (70.4%), abdominal obesity (64.6%), and low HDL cholesterol (37.2%) were highly prevalent among those with metabolic syndrome. Prevalence rates for CVD, CHD, and CBD were 12.8, 8.7, and 5.8%, respectively. After adjustment for age and sex, metabolic syndrome was associated with increased age- and sex-adjusted ORs for CVD (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.4-2.1]), CHD (1.7 [1.4-2.2]), and CBD (1.7 [1.3-2.3]) compared with those without CVD, CHD, or CBD.


CONCLUSIONS
Metabolic syndrome prevalence in the JHS is among the highest reported for population-based cohorts worldwide and is significantly associated with increased ORs for CVD, CHD, and CBD. Abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol (without triglyceride elevation) are surprisingly prominent. A high prevalence of low HDL emerges as a leading contributor to metabolic syndrome among African Americans in this large African-American cohort.
Taylor
Herman
H
Jackson Heart Study, Jackson State University, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA. htaylor@medicine.umsmed.edu
Liu
Jiankang
J
Wilson
Gregory
G
Golden
Sherita H
SH
Crook
Errol
E
Brunson
Claude D
CD
Steffes
Micheal
M
Johnson
William D
WD
Sung
Jung Hye
JH
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D001741:Black or African American
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids