title: The balance between plasmacytoid DC versus conventional DC determines pulmonary immunity to virus infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects nearly all infants by age 2 and is a leading cause of bronchiolitis. RSV may employ several mechanisms to induce immune dysregulation, including dendritic cell (DC) modulation during the immune response to RSV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expansion of cDC and pDC by Flt3L treatment promoted an anti-viral response with reduced pathophysiology characterized by decreased airway hyperreactivity, reduced Th2 cytokines, increased Th1 cytokines, and a reduction in airway inflammation and mucus overexpression. These protective aspects of DC expansion could be completely reversed by depleting pDCs during the RSV infection. Expansion of DCs by Flt3L treatment enhanced in CD8+ T cell responses, which was reversed by depletion of pDC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that a balance between cDC and pDC in the lung and its lymph nodes is crucial for the outcome of a pulmonary infection. Increased pDC numbers induced by Flt3L treatment have a protective impact on the nature of the overall immune environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Joost J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lindell
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.forename: Bart N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Lambrecht
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lukacs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008198:Lymph Nodes; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C084881:flt3 ligand protein