title: Dysregulation of TGF-beta signaling and regulatory and effector T-cell function in virus-induced neuroinflammatory disease.
abstract: We previously demonstrated that CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs), important for the maintenance of immune tolerance and prevention of autoimmune disease, from patients with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) exhibit reduced Foxp3 expression and Treg suppressor function compared with healthy donors. Since TGF-beta signaling has been previously reported to be critical for both Foxp3 expression and Treg function, we examined whether this signaling pathway was dysregulated in patients with HAM/TSP. Levels of TGF-beta receptor II (TGF-betaRII) as well as Smad7 (a TGF-beta-inducible gene) were significantly reduced in CD4(+) T cells in patients with HAM/TSP compared with healthy donors, and the expression of TGF-betaRII inversely correlated with the HTLV-I tax proviral load. Importantly, both CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells from HAM/TSP patients exhibited reduced TGF-betaRII expression compared with healthy donors, which was associated with functional deficits in vitro, including a block in TGF-beta-inducible Foxp3 expression that inversely correlated with the HTLV-I tax proviral load, loss of Treg suppressor function, and escape of effector T cells from Treg-mediated control. This evidence suggests that a virus-induced breakdown of immune tolerance affecting both regulatory and effector T cells contributes to the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
authors.affiliation: Viral Immunology Section, Neuroimmunology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Unsong
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C497790:SMAD3 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C514970:tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II