title: Comparison between pulsed-wave Doppler- and tissue Doppler-derived Tei indices in fetuses with and without congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular Tei indices obtained by pulsed-wave Doppler (PD) and tissue Doppler (TD) methods in fetuses with structurally normal and abnormal hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 147 fetuses that had a fetal echocardiogram and Tei index measured during a 2-year period. The RV and LV Tei indices were measured using both PD and TD methods. The difference between the two methods of Tei index measurement was tested using paired sample t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine their relationship, and the agreement between the methods was tested using Bland-Altman analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 87 fetuses had normal hearts and 60 had a congenital heart defect. Both PD and TD Tei indices were measured successfully from at least one ventricle in 123 cases and from both ventricles in 110 cases. The mean TD Tei index was significantly higher than the mean PD Tei index for both ventricles (P < 0.0001). There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between the PD and TD Tei indices of the right ventricle (r = 0.20, P = 0.029), whereas the PD and TD Tei indices of the left ventricle did not correlate significantly (r = 0.04, P = 0.684). When pairs of Tei indices measured by two different methods (123 pairs for the right ventricle and 111 for the left ventricle) were tested with Bland-Altman analysis, the bias and precision were 0.147 and 0.254, respectively, for the right ventricle, and 0.299 and 0.276, respectively, for the left ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correlation between Tei indices measured by PD and TD methods is weak and the agreement between individual measurements is poor. Therefore, they should not be used interchangeably in the assessment of fetal cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine and All Children's Hospital, Children's Research Institute, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA. ganesh.acharya@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nollmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leshko
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huhta
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right