title: Introducing the thyroid gland as another victim of the insulin resistance syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin is a thyroid growth factor that stimulates proliferation of thyroid cells in culture. In order to evaluate the effects of insulin resistance (IR) on the thyroid gland, we developed a prospective study in euthyroid women.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eleven women (mean age 32.2 +/- 7 years) were evaluated by a thyroid ultrasound (US) and basal and postprandial serum insulin. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: G1 (n = 42), subjects with IR and obesity; G2 (n = 21), subjects with obesity without IR; G3 (n = 17), subjects with IR and normal weight; and G4 (n = 31) control group (without IR and obesity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The thyroid volume (TV), measured by US, showed the following values: G1, 17 +/- 3 mL; G2, 13.8 +/- 2.8 mL; G3, 16.2 +/- 2.1 mL; and G4,12.1 +/- 2.4 mL. There was no significant difference in TV between G1 and G3, but differences between G1 and G2, and between G3 and G4 were significant at p < 0.05. The percentage of nodular thyroid glands observed by US in each group was as follows: G1, 50%; G2, 23.8%; G3, 61%; G4, 16.1%. Again, the differences between G1 and G2 and between G3 and G4 were statistically significant (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively, for each comparison).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that the higher circulating levels of insulin cause increased thyroid proliferation. The clinical manifestations are the larger thyroid volume and the formation of nodules. Thus, the thyroid gland appears to be another victim of the insulin resistance syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Centro Privado de Endocrinología, Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rezzonico
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezzonico
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pusiol
authors.forename: Fabián
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pitoia
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niepomniszcze
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000150:complications; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin