title: Prevalence and epidemiology of HIV type 1 drug resistance among newly diagnosed therapy-naive patients in Belgium from 2003 to 2006.
abstract: This study is the first prospective study to assess the prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors of HIV-1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Belgium. In January 2003 it was initiated as part of the pan-European SPREAD program, and continued thereafter for four inclusion rounds until December 2006. Epidemiological, clinical, and behavioral data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and genotypic resistance testing was done on a sample taken within 6 months of diagnosis. Two hundred and eighty-five patients were included. The overall prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in Belgium was 9.5% (27/285, 95% CI: 6.6-13.4). Being infected in Belgium, which largely coincided with harboring a subtype B virus, was found to be significantly associated with transmission of drug resistance. The relatively high rate of baseline resistance might jeopardize the success of first line treatment as more than 1 out of 10 (30/285, 10.5%) viruses did not score as fully susceptible to one of the recommended first-line regimens, i.e., zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz. Our results support the implementation of genotypic resistance testing as a standard of care in all treatment-naive patients in Belgium.
authors.affiliation: Rega Institute for Medical Research and University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. jurgen.vercauteren@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vercauteren
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Derdelinckx
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasse
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogaert
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ceunen
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Roo
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wit
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deforche
authors.forename: Fedoua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Echahidi
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goffard
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goubau
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goudeseune
authors.forename: Jean-Cyr
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yombi
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lacor
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liesnard
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moutschen
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pierard
authors.forename: Roeland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rens
authors.forename: Yoeri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schrooten
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: Bea
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Gucht
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ranst
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Wijngaerden
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vandercam
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vekemans
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Verhofstede
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clumeck
authors.forename: Anne-Mieke
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vandamme
authors.forename: Kristel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Laethem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1