title: Hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to cholecystectomy: a one in a million chance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cholecystectomy is a common procedure and its complications are well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 63-year-old female sustained a bile duct injury during cholecystectomy requiring choledochoduodenostomy. She subsequently developed secondary biliary cirrhosis and ultimately required orthotopic liver transplantation. A focus of hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered within her liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case represents the first documented case of hepatocellular carcinoma as a late complication of cholecystectomy. The risk of this occurring can be estimated at 1:1,140,000 (range 1:11,000 to 1:120,000,000).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh & Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: R A E
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bettschart
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Garden