title: Anorexia nervosa: selective processing of food-related word and pictorial stimuli in recognition and free recall tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maladaptive processing of food cues is considered pivotal in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. However, the influence of hunger and differences in processing because of the type of stimuli remain largely unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory bias for food-related pictorial and semantic stimuli was assessed in a recognition and a free recall test in 16 anorexia nervosa (AN) patients, 16 control participants with food intake prior to the study (CG-FI) and 16 control participants with a fasting period prior to the study (CG-NF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with CG-FI participants, both AN and CG-NF participants responded faster to food-related as compared with neutral words (p < .001) in the recognition test. Differences were found for word but not for pictorial stimuli. No group differences were observed with respect to the number of correct retrievals in either the recognition or the free recall test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study found behavioral indications of abnormal processing of food-related and neutral stimuli in anorectic patients similar to those found in fasted healthy controls. Results are discussed in terms of self-schemata in eating disorders, competitive interference, and levels of processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg Medical Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. christoph_nikendei@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nikendei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weisbrod
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zipfel
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Friederich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D011939:Mental Recall; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values; D012660:Semantics