title: The F1-F2 vowel chart for Czech whispered vowels a, e, i, o, u.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this contribution is to present the formant chart of the Czech vowels a, e, i, o, u and show that this can be achieved by means of digital methods of sound processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 35 Czech students of the Pedagogical Faculty of Palacky University was tested and a record of whispered vowels was taken from each of them. The record was digitalized and processed by the Discrete Fourier Trasform. The result is the power spectrum of the individual vocals - the graphic output consists of a plot of the relative power of individual frequencies in the original sound. The values of the first two maxima which represent the first and the second formants were determined from the graph. The values were plotted on a formant chart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 175 spectral analyses of individual vowels were performed. In the resulting power spectrum, the first and the second formant frequencies were identified. The first formant was plotted against the second one and pure vocal formant regions were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequency bands for the Czech vowel "a" were circumscribed between 850 and 1150 Hz for first formant (F1) and between 1200 and 2000 Hz for second formant (F2). Similarly, borders of frequency band for vowel "e" they were 700 and 950 Hz for F1 and 1700 and 3000 Hz for F2. For vowel "i" 300 and 450 Hz for F1 and 2000 and 3600 Hz for F2, for vowel "o" 600 and 800 Hz for F1 and 600 and 1400 Hz for F2, for vowel "u" 100 and 400 Hz for F1 and 400 and 1200 Hz for F2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At low frequencies it is feasible to invoke the source-filter model of voice production and associate vowel identity with frequencies of the first two formants in the voice spectrum. On the other hand, subject to intonation, singing or other forms of exposed voice (such as emotional speech, focused speech), the formant regions tend to spread. In spectral analysis other frequencies dominate, so specific formant frequency bands are not easily recognizable. Although the resulting formant map is not much different from the formant map of Peterson, it carries basic information about specific Czech vowels. The results may be used in further research and in education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic. greplm@fnol.cz
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grepl
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furst
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics