title: Barriers to high-quality primary reproductive health services in an urban area of Iran: views of public health providers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to explore public primary reproductive health providers' views on their own roles and tasks in their present organisation, and the perceived barriers to providing high-quality services.
  
  
  METHODS
  a qualitative approach using semi-structured, audio-taped focus group discussions (FGDs). The discussions were held in Farsi or Turkish, transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analysed using content analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  family health units of public health facilities, Tabriz, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  two FGDs with 12 midwives and two FGDs with eight other family health providers working at the facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the providers identified the most satisfying part of their duties as working with clients. A dominant theme in all FGDs was the providers' frustration about a number of factors, most of which were beyond their control. The identified system and organisational barriers were grouped into five categories: multiplicity of tasks and incompatibility with the providers' own basic training; suboptimal supervision and management; too little time for clients; lack of privacy and appropriate materials for education and counselling; and inadequate opportunities for continuing education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  this study highlighted the providers' satisfaction in working with clients, and their dissatisfaction with not being used to the best of their capabilities due to a number of systemic and organisational barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  based on these findings, multifaceted interventions seem to be necessary to improve staff productivity and service quality. The interventions should include needs-based pre-service education, supportive supervision and management, provision of educational materials, simplifying record management, and appointing more staff in socio-economically deprived areas. Research is needed to identify the best way to integrate the services, as well as basic and continuing educational needs of staff.
authors.affiliation: Division of International Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. sakineh.mohammad.alizadeh@ki.se
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammad-Alizadeh C
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahlström
authors.forename: Rezagoli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vahidi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikniaz
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marions
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003376:Counseling / Q000458:organization & administration; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011361:Professional Competence; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D015980:Public Health Practice; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health; D055815:Young Adult