title: The effects of levobupivacaine versus levobupivacaine plus magnesium infiltration on postoperative analgesia and laryngospasm in pediatric tonsillectomy patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of magnesium to levobupivacaine will decrease the postoperative analgesic requirement or not, and to investigate the possible preventive effects on laryngospasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five children undergoing elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy surgery. The drug was prepared as only NaCl 0.9% for the first group (Group S, n=25), levobupivacaine 0.25% for the second group (Group L, n=25), and levobupivacaine 0.25% plus magnesium sulphate 2mg/kg for the third group (Group M, n=25). Pain was recorded at 15th minute, 1st, 4th, 8th, 16th, and 24th hour postoperatively. Pain was evaluated using a modified Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario pain scale (mCHEOPS). Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was assessed at various time intervals (0-2, 2-6, 6-24h) by numeric rank score. Patients were followed for laryngospasm for 1h in recovery room after extubation. Other complications appeared within 24h postoperatively were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All postoperative CHEOPS values were lower than control in both groups. Analgesic requirement was decreased significantly in both groups in comparison with control patients, but this requirement was significantly lower in Group M (p<0.05). Although laryngospasm was not observed in Group M, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. PONV was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine plus magnesium infiltration decrease the post-tonsillectomy analgesic requirement. Insignificant preventive effect of low doses of magnesium infiltration on laryngospasm observed in this study needs to be clarified by larger series.
authors.affiliation: Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Bolu, Turkey. drkaraaslan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karaaslan
authors.forename: Fahrettin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Nebahat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gulcu
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarpkaya
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kocoglu
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014068:Tonsillectomy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008274:Magnesium; D002045:Bupivacaine