title: Blocking noise but not music lowers bispectral index scores during sedation in noisy operating rooms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether playing music or blocking noise can reduce bispectral index (BIS) values during propofol sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, single-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  63 ASA physical status I and II patients, aged 55 to 75 years, undergoing total knee replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into three groups: noise, silence, and music. After induction of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, sedation was begun with 1.2 mug/mL of propofol in a target-controlled infusion. In the silence group, patients' ears were packed tightly to block ambient noise, whereas patient-selected music was applied to patients in the music group. Patients in the noise group were exposed to ambient operating room noise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bispectral index measurement was recorded 7 times during operation. Ambient room noise was recorded at the same time sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sound level was highest when the saw (T3, 80.25 dB) and the impact device (T4, 80.98 dB) were in use. Bispectral index scores in the silence group during those times (T3, 68.5 vs 76.9, P = 0.025, and T4, 67.6 vs 78, P = 0.005) were lower than in the noise group. However, BIS scores were similar in the noise and music groups. Preoperative anxiety level, postoperative comfort level, and pain scores were similar in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blocking noise is more effective than playing music in reducing BIS scores during propofol sedation in a noisy environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jeong Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Da Mi
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jie Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chung Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hahm
authors.forename: Byung Dal
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009873:Operating Rooms; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D015742:Propofol; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol