title: The development of the pediatric cardiac quality of life inventory: a quality of life measure for children and adolescents with heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mortality after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) has decreased. Quality of life (QOL) assessment in survivors has become increasingly important. The purpose of this project was to create the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Items were generated through nominal groups of patients, parents, and providers. The pilot PCQLI was completed by children (age 8-12), adolescents (age 13-18), and their parents at three cardiology clinics. Item reduction was performed through analysis of items, principal components, internal consistency (IC), and patterns of correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 655 patient-parent pairs completed the pilot PCQLI. Principal components identified included: impact of disease (ID); psychosocial impact (PI); and emotional environment (EE). After item reduction ID and PI had excellent IC (ID = 0.88-0.91; PI = 0.78-0.85) and correlated highly with each other (0.81-0.90) and with the total score (TS) (ID = 0.95-0.96; PI = 0.87-0.93). EE was not correlated with ID, PI, or TS and was removed from the final forms. Two-ventricle CHD patients had a higher TS than single-ventricle CHD patients across all forms (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCQLI has patient and parent-proxy forms, has wide age range, and discriminates between CHD subgroups. The ID and PI subscales of the PCQLI have excellent IC and correlate well with each other and the TS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. bradley.marino@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shera
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wernovsky
authors.forename: Ryan S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teitel
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mussatto
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghanayem
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: J William
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Helfaer
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D002300:Cardiac Care Facilities; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology