Hepatic uptake and excretion of (-)-N-{2-[(R)-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)piperidino]ethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide (YM758), a novel if channel inhibitor, in rats and humans.
(-)-N-{2-[(R)-3-(6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)piperidino]ethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide (YM758), a novel "funny" If current channel (If channel) inhibitor, is being developed as a treatment for stable angina and atrial fibrillation. The hepatic uptake/excretion of YM758 was clarified using transporter-expressing mammalian cells and hepatocytes mainly in humans and partly in rats. cDNA-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells were used to determine that YM758 was greatly taken up via organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and slightly via human organic cation transporter (hOCT) 1/rat organic cation transporter 1 but not via OATP1B3. In addition, the uptake of 17beta-estradiol-d-17beta-glucuronide via OATP1B1 was inhibited in the presence of YM758, whereas that via OATP1B3 was not. In contrast, time-dependent uptake of YM758 into rat/human hepatocytes at 37 degrees C was observed, as was concentration-dependent uptake into human hepatocytes (K(m) value of 87.9 microM). This saturable uptake of YM758 into human hepatocytes was inhibited in the presence of quinidine (an inhibitor for OATP1B1) but not cimetidine (an inhibitor for the hOCT family). Moreover, the permeation clearance ratios for the transcellular transport of YM758 across multidrug resistance (MDR) 1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells were extensively higher than those across LLC-PK1 cells, which indicate that MDR1-mediated transport is one of the possible pathways through which YM758 may be excreted into the bile. These results indicate that YM758 is taken up into hepatocytes mainly via OATP1B1, but not via hOCT1, and is excreted into the bile via MDR1 in humans; however, passive diffusion or an unknown uptake/excretion mechanism could be at work in the hepatocytes. This study is the first to clarify the saturable hepatic uptake and/or the excretion mechanism by the If channel inhibitor.
Umehara
Ken-ichi
K
Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 1-8, Azusawa 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8511, Japan. kenichi.umehara@jp.astellas.com
Iwai
Megumi
M
Adachi
Yasuhisa
Y
Iwatsubo
Takafumi
T
Usui
Takashi
T
Kamimura
Hidetaka
H
D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000378:metabolism*; D050482:Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D000074542:Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; D013552:Swine
C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D001549:Benzamides; D050482:Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007546:Isoquinolines; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D050811:Octamer Transcription Factor-1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; C494165:POU2F1 protein, human; C503999:SLCO1B1 protein, human; C421209:SLCO1B3 protein, human; C493212:Slc22a1 protein, rat; D000074542:Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1B3; C530155:YM 758