title: [General review of rhinolithiases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and characteristics of rhinolithiasis, a rare and forgotten entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 2007, 20 cases of rhinolithiasis presented for consultation. The clinical course noted chronic nasal discharge associated with nasal obstruction. The protocol was the same for all patients: history of disease, meticulous endonasal endoscopy and plain radiography (+/-CT scan).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rhinolithiasis was found in adults (55%), females, patients living in rural areas (66%) with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. The diagnosis delay varied between six months and eight years. The examination showed the rhinolith in the form of a grey concretion, primarily unilateral and on the right-hand side in 60% of the patients. Only one bilateral case presented following destruction of the posterior nasal septum. The rhinolith measured between 5 and 50mm in diameter with only three associated foreign bodies (15%). The rhinolith was extracted through the natural pathways under local anesthesia in 60% of the cases. Complications were rare (epistaxis 10%) and favorable progression without recurrence was generally observed after a mean 16 months of follow-up (range, six months to 11 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic nasal discharge without a history of rhinologic disease requires an endonasal examination under good conditions after retraction. Rhinolithiasis is easily recognized, in particular on imaging studies. Treatment is simple and curative in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de médecine, université Badji Mokhtar, 1, rue Chenafi Mohamed, 23000 Annaba, Algérie. s_kharoubi@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kharoubi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009812:Odorants; D012189:Retrospective Studies