title: [Disseminated nocardiosis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
abstract: Nocardiosis is a rare infectious disease in children. We report here a disseminated nocardiosis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient presented prolonged febrile neutropenia and nodular pneumopathy. Based on the amplification of a 16S rDNA, a PCR assay detected Nocardia sp. in the patient's bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Culture of BAL samples yielded Nocardia nova colonies after 2 weeks of incubation. Hepatic, splenic, renal and cerebral localisations were detected on extension checkup. trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole and amikacine were started given the results of PCR assay, with a good response. Improvement of the patient's general condition led to complete chemotherapy under ciprofloxacine and ceftriaxone treatment, without nocardiosis reactivation. Nocardiosis is a rare complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis is widely used to prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in children with haematologic malignancies. As Nocardia species are usually sensible, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole could play a role in Nocardia prophylaxis in such population. In our patient, compliance with trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole had been low. Nocardia species are relatively fastidious growth bacteria and are difficult to isolate with classical bacteriological techniques. Molecular methods are now available, with a good sensitivity and fast results allowing to start an appropriate antibiotherapy before culture results, as early treatment is a major prognosis factor in nocardiosis. Nocardia infection should be suspected in case of nodular pneumopathy in immunocompromised children. An extension checkup should be performed to detect secondary localisations.
authors.affiliation: Hospices civils de Lyon, service d'immunohématologie pédiatrique et de transplantation de moelle osseuse, hôpital Debrousse, 29, rue Soeur-Bouvier, 69322 Lyon cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernoux
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mialou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Nava
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boiron
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Guibal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moreux
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: André
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents