title: Involvement of amlodipine, diazoxide, and glibenclamide in development of morphine tolerance in mice.
abstract: In this study, the effects of the calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), potassium channel opener (diazoxide), and potassium channel blocker (glibenclamide) on the development of morphine-induced tolerance in the formalin test was investigated. During development of tolerance to morphine, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of different doses of amlodipine (5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg) or diazoxide (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg) in combination with morphine (20 and 30 mg/kg) increased tolerance in the first and second phase of the test. However, glibenclamide (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) decreased morphine tolerance in the second phase of formalin test. It is concluded that calcium and potassium channel mechanisms may be involved in the morphine tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anvari
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalilzadeh
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahebgharani
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zarrindast
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009294:Narcotics; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D009020:Morphine; D003981:Diazoxide; D005905:Glyburide