title: Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature.
abstract: This study reviews the recent literature on the relationship between obesity and indirect (non-medical) costs. Medline and Web of Science searches were conducted to identify published studies from 1992 to present that report indirect costs by obesity status; 31 studies were included. The indirect costs were grouped into six categories: costs associated with absenteeism, disability, premature mortality, presenteeism, workers' compensation, and total indirect costs. Compared with non-obese workers, obese workers miss more workdays due to illness, injury, or disability. Costs of premature mortality vary substantially across countries. The results for presenteeism and workers' compensation were mixed. More research is needed to determine obesity's causal role in increasing indirect costs, especially for workers' compensation and presenteeism. Cohort and longitudinal study designs should be a priority.
authors.affiliation: RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA. jtrogdon@rti.org
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Trogdon
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hylands
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dellea
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kamal-Bahl
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011788:Quality of Life; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014942:Workers' Compensation / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*