title: MMP-9 protein level does not reflect overall MMP activity in the airways of patients with COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal and human studies have implicated an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MMP-9 protein is increased in COPD and we hypothesized that total MMP activity would be raised although this has not previously been measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using fluorescence and biotin labelled MMP assays, RT-PCR, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we examined total MMP activity, specific gelatinase, elastase, collagenase activity, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in induced sputum from smokers with COPD and smokers without COPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Induced sputum was obtained from 15 smokers with COPD and 14 smokers without COPD. MMP-9 levels were higher in those with COPD compared with controls (p<0.05). Total MMP activity, specific gelatinase, collagenase and elastase activities were not higher in COPD patients. In addition, reduced MMP activity was correlated with increasing airflow obstruction in COPD (p=0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-9 protein but not MMP activity was higher in sputum of COPD patients compared with controls. These results suggest that MMP-9 levels may not reflect the overall MMP activity in the airways of patients with COPD suggesting a complex relationship between MMP-9 protein and activity. Further studies of MMPs in COPD should comprise activity measures in addition to protein levels.
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Gillian E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lowrey
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blakey
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Corne
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013183:Sputum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D017364:Collagenases; D018093:Gelatinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9