title: Two-dimensional imaging of soot volume fraction in laminar diffusion flames.
abstract: A technique for acquiring two-dimensional soot-volume-fraction measurements in laminar flames has been demonstrated. The technique provides a map of very low noise concentration over a range of wavelengths (250-1100 nm). A noise level of 0.0007 in extinction and a spatial resolution of 30-40 microm for soot concentration were achieved with an arc lamp source that was filtered to provide greater spatial coherence and a CCD detector. The broadband arc lamp source also allowed us to avoid the added noise resulting from speckle with coherent laser sources. Beam steering, due to refractive-index gradients in the flame, was measured and compared with theoretical predictions. The optical arrangement to minimize the effect of beam steering is described. As a result the beam steering had no effect on the soot measurements in the flames examined. Flame-transmission maps obtained with this system in an ethylene/air laminar diffusion flame are presented. Tomographic analysis from use of an Abel inversion of the line-of-sight data to obtain radial profiles of soot concentration is described.
authors.affiliation: Combustion Group, Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council of Canada, Building M-9, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OR6, Canada.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Snelling
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Gülder