title: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled comparison of extended release oxybutynin versus phenazopyridine for the management of postoperative ureteral stent discomfort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral stents commonly cause lower urinary tract and flank discomfort. We evaluated the use of extended release oxybutynin versus phenazopyridine versus placebo for the management of ureteral stent discomfort after ureteroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of 60 patients who received a unilateral stent after ureteroscopy was given a blister pack containing 21 unmarked capsules of either extended release oxybutynin 10 mg, phenazopyridine 200 mg, or placebo in a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded fashion. Patients were instructed to take 1 capsule 3 times daily immediately after the procedure. Patients were given 50 tablets of oral narcotic to be taken as needed. Patients reported bothersome scores for flank pain, suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and hematuria on postoperative day 1, day 2, and the day of stent removal. Narcotic use was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients were excluded from the analysis for stent migration necessitating early removal (1), uncontrollable pain (1), failure to complete blister pack (4), and inability to contact for follow-up surveys (2). There was no difference in bothersome score among the groups for flank pain, suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and dysuria. The phenazopyridine group reported less hematuria on postoperative day 1 when compared with placebo, which was statistically significant. The oxybutynin group required fewer narcotics, but this finding was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this study failed to show a significant difference in bothersome scores among the groups, the small sample size precludes definitive conclusion. Future studies pooling these data will determine the overall treatment effect and the optimal management of ureteral stent morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Regina D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sur
authors.forename: W Patrick
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Springhart
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Marguet
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pietrow
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Albala
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Preminger
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010621:Phenazopyridine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014513:Ureter
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010621:Phenazopyridine; C005419:oxybutynin