title: The biomedical standardization of premenstrual syndrome.
abstract: This essay traces the history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in French, British, and American medical literature from 1950 to 2004. Aetiological theories, treatments and diagnostic criteria have varied over time and place, reflecting local conditions and changing notions of objectivity and evidence. During the 1970s researchers in each nation utilised different research strategies to overcome variation and contradictory results characteristic of PMS research. Since the 1980s, attempts have been made to standardise research internationally through prospective daily rating questionnaires that diagnose and measure PMS. Amidst controversy, a psychiatric reformulation of the syndrome was included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). While the diagnostic criteria for this psychiatric category, now called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), are widely accepted for research purposes, efforts to transfer them to medical practice have been less successful. PMDD remains a contested disease construct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Studies of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1X1, Canada. loes.knaapen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Loes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Knaapen
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weisz
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000266:history*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States