title: Vitreal penetration of oral moxifloxacin in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the vitreal penetration of moxifloxacin after oral administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized clinical series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (mean age = 62.8 years) undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy were assigned to a dosing group: control (n = 3), which received no medication; single-dose (n = 11), which received one 400 mg oral dose of moxifloxacin 3 hours before surgery; and five-dose (n = 10), which received one 400 mg dose on each of the 4 days preceding surgery and a fifth dose 3 hours before surgery. Vitreous samples were obtained and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control, below quantifiable levels; single-dose, 0.572 +/- 0.239 microg/mL; and five-dose, 1.200 +/- 0.645 microg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five doses of oral moxifloxacin lead to higher intravitreal drug concentrations than single-dose administration. Both regimens, however, achieve levels that exceed the MIC90 of many bacteria implicated in postoperative endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA. mcgnlott@aol.com
authors.forename: McGregor N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lott
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Jasleen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Harinderjit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marcus
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin