title: Influence of the stroke code activation source on the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In our metropolitan area, the Stroke Code (SC) system allows immediate transfer of patients with acute stroke to a stroke center. It may be activated by community hospitals (A), emergency medical services (EMS, B), or the emergency department of the stroke center (C). Our aim was to analyze whether the SC activation source influences the access to thrombolytic therapy and outcome of patients with ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively registered patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the acute stroke unit who arrived through the SC system. The primary outcome variable was good outcome at discharge (Rankin Scale <or= 2). Secondary outcome was neurologic improvement >or=4 in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or NIHSS score 0 to 1 at 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 262 consecutive patients with hyperacute ischemic stroke were studied; the SC source was A in 112, B in 57, and C in 92. Median time from onset to admission was longer in Group A and stroke severity higher in Groups B and C. Percentage of tPA administration was higher in patients from Groups B and C (27%, 54%, and 46% of patients; p = 0.001). With respect to Group A, Group B was associated with good outcome with an odds of 2.9 (1.2-6.6; p = 0.01), and Group C with an odds of 2.4 (1.1-4.9; p = 0.01) after adjustment for age and stroke severity at baseline. Patients coming via levels B and C were more likely to improve at 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients arriving directly to the stroke center via emergency medical services or on their own receive neurologic attention sooner, are more frequently treated with tPA, and have better clinical outcome than those patients who are first taken to a community hospital.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carretera del Canyet s.n. 08916, Badalona, Spain. 35783npo@comb.es
authors.forename: N Pérez
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: de la Ossa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ojanguren
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palomeras
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arenillas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dorado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abilleira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dávalos
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D000208:Acute Disease / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends