title: Identification of the B subtype of gamma-phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Protobothrops flavoviridis serum and molecular evolution of snake serum phospholipase A2 inhibitors.
abstract: A cDNA encoding a novel phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor (PLI) was isolated from a Protobothrops flavoviridis snake (Tokunoshima island, Japan) liver cDNA library. This cDNA encoded a signal peptide of 19 amino acids followed by a mature protein of 181 amino acids. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence was completely in accord with that of a PLI, named PLI-II, previously found in P. flavoviridis serum. PLI-II showed a high similarity in sequence to the B subtype of gammaPLI, denoted gammaPLI-B, isolated from Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus serum. Thus, PLI-II is P. flavoviridis serum gammaPLI-B. Since PLI-I, previously isolated from P. flavoviridis serum, can be assigned as gammaPLI-A, P. flavoviridis serum contains both A and B subtypes of gammaPLI. Phylogenetic analysis of gammaPLIs from the sera of various kinds of snakes, Elapinae, Colubrinae, Laticaudinae, Acanthophiinae, Crotalinae, and Pythonidae, based on the amino acid sequences revealed that A and B subtypes of gammaPLIs are clearly separated from each other. It was also found that phylogenetic topologies of gammaPLIs are in good agreement with speciation processes of snakes. The BLAST search followed by analyses with particular Internet search engines of proteins with Cys/loop frameworks similar to those of PLI-II and PLI-I revealed that gammaPLI-Bs, including PLI-II and PLI-II-like proteins from mammalian sources, form a novel PLI-II family which possesses the common Cys/loop frameworks in the anterior and posterior three-finger motifs in the molecules. Several lines of evidence suggest that PLI-II is evolutionarily ancestral to PLI-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chijiwa
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nobuhisa
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda-Ueda
authors.forename: Shosaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Motonori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017837:Bothrops / Q000097:blood*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors