title: Influence of genetic polymorphisms on intestinal expression and rifampicin-type induction of ABCC2 and on bioavailability of talinolol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether ABCC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with expression and/or function of the efflux pump.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the allele frequency of ABCC2 -24C>T, -23G>A, c.1249G>A, c.1446C>G, c.1457C>T, c.2302C>T, c.2366C>T, c.3542G>T, c.3561G>A, c.3563T>A, c.3972C>T, c.4348G>A, and 4544G>A in 374 nonrelated German healthy volunteers and determined the impact on duodenal mRNA and protein content of ABCC2. For functional analysis, the disposition of intravenously (30 mg) and orally administered talinolol (100 mg) was measured among 31 individuals. Moreover, the effects of rifampicin-type induction (600 mg, 8 days) of duodenal ABCC2 were quantified in 22 participants with regard to genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequencies were 18.3% (-24T), 21.1% (1249A), 1.4% (1446G), 0.1% (3542T), 4.5% (3563A), 34.2% (3972T), and 4.4% (4544A); carriers of -23G>A, 1457C>T, 2302C>T, 2366C>T, 3561G>A, and 4348G>A were not identified. The -24T allele was in strong linkage with 3972T, and 3563A with 4544A, whereas 1249A was weakly linked with other variant alleles. None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms investigated influenced significantly intestinal ABCC2 mRNA and protein content. The variant ABCC2 1249G>A (V417I), however, was associated with lower oral bioavailability (P=0.001), and increased residual clearance of intravenous talinolol (P=0.021). Intestinal ABCC2 mRNA and protein expression were upregulated by rifampicin treatment, a genetic influence could be detected in only four cases heterozygote for 3563T>A or 4544G>A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 1249G>A (V417I) polymorphism is obviously associated with higher activity of the intestinal transporter.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Sierk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haenisch
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Amke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caliebe
authors.forename: Ingolf
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cascorbi
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siegmund
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D017931:DNA Primers; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D011412:Propanolamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012293:Rifampin; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C011550:talinolol