title: Lipoprotein particle distribution and size, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in Alaska Eskimos: the GOCADAN study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) may be a main determinant of this dyslipidemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine how lipoprotein particle concentration and size are related to MS and IR in a population-based sample of Alaska Eskimos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent a physical exam, personal interview, collection of biological specimens, and diagnostic tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in the Norton Sound region of Alaska.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand one hundred fifty-eight Inupiat Eskimo adults (women=653, men=505).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipoprotein particle profile was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and related to presence of MS and level of IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with MS had (a) significantly higher concentrations of all VLDLs and a larger VLDL size (women, p=0.007; men, p=0.0001); (b) higher concentrations of small LDL (women, p<0.0001; men, p=0.09) and lower concentrations of large LDL (women, p<0.0001), leading to a smaller overall LDL size (women, p<0.0001; men, p<0.05); (c) significantly lower concentrations of large HDL (both genders, p<0.0001) and an increase in intermediate (women, p<0.05) and small HDL (women, p<0.0001; men, p<0.004). Lipoprotein profile with increasing HOMA-IR resembled that of individuals with MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population MS is characterized by lipoprotein distribution and size abnormalities independent of obesity, age, and other cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid concentration. IR seems the major determinant.
authors: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy. rivelles@unina.it
authors: Angela A
authors: AA
authors: Rivellese
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Patti
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Kaufman
authors: Jianhui
authors: J
authors: Zhu
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Annuzzi
authors: Olga
authors: O
authors: Vaccaro
authors: Sven O
authors: SO
authors: Ebbesson
authors: Wm James
authors: WJ
authors: Howard
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Riccardi
authors: Barbara V
authors: BV
authors: Howard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000413:Alaska; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D005947:Glucose