title: Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker.
abstract: Although dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) is generally well-established as a treatment for nephropathy, this treatment is not fully effective in some patients. Based on the recent evidence implicating aldosterone in renal disease progression, this study was conducted to examine the efficacy of blockade with three different mechanisms by adding an aldosterone blocker in patients who do not respond adequately to the dual blockade. A 1-year randomized, open-label, multicenter, prospective controlled study was conducted, in which 32 non-diabetic nephropathy patients with proteinuria exceeding 0.5 g/day were enrolled after more than 12 weeks of ACE-I (5 mg enalapril) and ARB (50 mg losartan) combination treatment. These patients were allocated into two groups of 16 patients each: a triple blockade group in which 25 mg of spironolactone daily was added to the ACE-I and ARB combination treatment, and a control group in which 1 mg of trichlormethiazide or 20 mg of furosemide was added to the combination treatment instead of spironolactone depending upon the creatinine level. After 1 year of treatment, the urinary protein level decreased by 58% (p<0.05) with the triple blockade but was unchanged in the controls. Furthermore, urinary type IV collagen level decreased by 40% (p<0.05) with the triple blockade but was unchanged in the controls. The decreases in urinary protein and urinary type IV collagen were not accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure. Mean serum creatinine, potassium and blood pressure did not change significantly by either treatment. In conclusion, triple blockade of the RAAS was effective for the treatment of proteinuria in patients with non-diabetic nephropathy whose increased urinary protein had not responded sufficiently to a dual blockade.
authors: Department of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Osaka General Medical Center, Japan.
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Furumatsu
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Nagasawa
authors: Kodo
authors: K
authors: Tomida
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Mikami
authors: Tetsuya
authors: T
authors: Kaneko
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Okada
authors: Yoshiharu
authors: Y
authors: Tsubakihara
authors: Enyu
authors: E
authors: Imai
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Shoji
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000652:urine; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000517:prevention & control; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049971:Thiazides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D004232:Diuretics; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D049971:Thiazides; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D013148:Spironolactone; D011188:Potassium