title: Chemically induced accumulation of GAGs delays PrP(Sc) clearance but prolongs prion disease incubation time.
abstract: Prion diseases are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. The only identified component of the infectious prion is PrP(Sc), an aberrantly folded isoform of PrP(C). Glycosaminoglycans, which constitute the main receptor for prions on cells, play a complex role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. For example, while agents inducing aberrant lysosomal accumulation of GAGs such as Tilorone and Quinacrine significantly reduced PrP(Sc) content in scrapie-infected cells, administration of Quinacrine to prion-infected subjects did not improve their clinical status. In this study, we investigated the association of PrP(Sc )with cells cultured with Tilorone. We found that while the initial incorporation of PrP(Sc) was similar in the treated and untreated cells, clearance of PrP(Sc) from the Tilorone-treated cells was significantly impaired. Interestingly, prolonged administration of Tilorone to mice prior to prion infection resulted in a significant delay in disease onset, concomitantly with in vivo accumulation of lysosomal GAGs. We hypothesize that GAGs may complex with newly incorporated PrP(Sc) in lysosomes and further stabilize the prion protein conformation. Over-stabilized PrP(Sc) molecules have been shown to comprise reduced converting activity.
authors: Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors: Tehila
authors: T
authors: Mayer-Sonnenfeld
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Avrahami
authors: Yael
authors: Y
authors: Friedman-Levi
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Gabizon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D055256:Infectious Disease Incubation Period; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017096:Prion Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D013994:Tilorone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D018620:PrPSc Proteins; D011796:Quinacrine; D013994:Tilorone