title: Focal MR spectroscopy of hippocampal CA-1 lesions in transient global amnesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathomechanisms of transient global amnesia (TGA) remain enigmatic. Focal MR signal diffusion changes in the CA-1 sector of the hippocampus have been described in transient global amnesia, but the pathophysiologic correlate of these lesions is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the metabolic spectra of diffusion lesions in the CA-1 sector hippocampus of seven patients with TGA using MR spectroscopy (MRS) between 24 and 72 hours after onset and 2 to 5 months later. The amnestic deficit was studied using a neuropsychometric test battery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four out of seven patients with an acute TGA showed a diffusion lesion with a corresponding T2 lesion in the CA-1 sector of the hippocampus. Selective hippocampal MRS of diffusion lesions showed a lactate peak in three of four patients, but not in patients without a diffusion lesion. The NAA/creatine ratio was normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lactate as a marker of anaerobic glycolysis indicates acute metabolic stress of CA-1 neurons in TGA whereas long-term neuronal metabolic changes are not found. This implies that the acute effect on hippocampal CA-1 neurons is the functional correlate of a transient global amnesia reflecting a transient perturbation of memory relevant circuits in the hippocampus.
authors: Dept. of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany. t.bartsch@neurologie.uni-kiel.de
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bartsch
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Alfke
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Wolff
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rohr
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Jansen
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Deuschl
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020236:Amnesia, Transient Global / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019344:Lactic Acid