title: Quantitative computed tomography bone mineral density measurements in irradiated and non-irradiated minipig alveolar bone: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of irradiation on bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  All maxillary and mandibular pre-molars and molars of six minipigs were extracted. After a 3-month healing period, the maxilla and mandibles of three minipigs received three irradiation exposures at a total dose of 24 Gy. At 3 months after irradiation, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed. As a reference, a calibration bone phantom with pre-determined BMD was attached to the head of the minipigs. The QCT data were imported into a software program to calculate the BMD of the alveolar bone and the calibration bone phantom. In order to compare BMD values of individual minipigs, the so-called bone mineral density quotient (BMDQ) was created, dividing the BMD value of the alveolar bone by the BMD value of the calibration bone phantom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean BMDQ values appeared to be higher in irradiated than in non-irradiated minipigs. However, the difference was not significant. In both irradiated and non-irradiated minipigs, the average mandibular BMDQ values were statistically significantly higher than the average maxillary BMDQ values (P=0.003). The P-values of the Student t-test, determining the irradiation effect, were 0.11 for maxillary, 0.14 for mandibular, and 0.07 for overall peri-implant BMDQ. P-values of the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were all 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be concluded that, 3 months after irradiation, the BMD of irradiated alveolar minipig bone was increased, when compared with non-irradiated alveolar minipig bone. However, the increase was not statistically significant.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. hverd@mkg.azm.nl
authors: Henk W D
authors: HW
authors: Verdonck
authors: Gert J
authors: GJ
authors: Meijer
authors: Fred H
authors: FH
authors: Nieman
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Stoll
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Riediger
authors: Cees
authors: C
authors: de Baat
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D010025:Osteoradionecrosis / Q000209:etiology; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants