title: Evaluation of solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the headspace analysis of volatile compounds in cocoa products.
abstract: The aroma profile of cocoa products was investigated by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). SPME fibers coated with 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane coating (PDMS), 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coating (PDMS-DVB), 75 microm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane coating (CAR-PDMS) and 50/30 microm divinylbenzene/carboxen on polydimethylsiloxane on a StableFlex fiber (DVB/CAR-PDMS) were evaluated. Several extraction times and temperature conditions were also tested to achieve optimum recovery. Suspensions of the samples in distilled water or in brine (25% NaCl in distilled water) were investigated to examine their effect on the composition of the headspace. The SPME fiber coated with 50/30 microm DVB/CAR-PDMS afforded the highest extraction efficiency, particularly when the samples were extracted at 60 degrees C for 15 min under dry conditions with toluene as an internal standard. Forty-five compounds were extracted and tentatively identified, most of which have previously been reported as odor-active compounds. The method developed allows sensitive and representative analysis of cocoa products with high reproducibility. Further research is ongoing to study chocolate making processes using this method for the quantitative analysis of volatile compounds contributing to the flavor/odor profile.
authors: Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, Salford, M5 4WT Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Ducki
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Miralles-Garcia
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Zumbé
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Tornero
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Storey
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D005511:Food Handling; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals