title: Design of short Spanish sentences for measuring reading performance: Radner-Vissum test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop 24 short Spanish optotype sentences for the construction of a test based on the Radner reading test to simultaneously measure near visual acuity and reading speed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Refractive Surgery, Vissum-Instituto de Oftalmológico de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one sentences were constructed in Spanish following the procedure defined by Radner to obtain sentence optotypes with comparable structure and the same lexical and grammatical difficulty. Sentences were statistically selected and standardized in 60 patients divided into 2 groups by educational level. Group A (30 patients) had a university education and Group B (30 patients), a primary school education. The interval of reading time was defined as the overall mean +/-1.1 x SD. All sentences with a mean between 3.59 seconds and 4.04 seconds were selected for the reading charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 30.8 years +/- 6.2 (SD) in Group A and 37.3 +/- 10.7 years in Group B. The mean reading time was 3.8 +/- 0.9 seconds in all patients, 3.5 +/- 0.6 seconds in Group A, and 4.1 +/- 1.0 seconds in Group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 24 short single Spanish sentences were highly comparable in syntactical structure; number, position, and length of words; lexical difficulty; and reading length.
authors: Department of Refractive Surgery, Vissum-Instituto de Oftalmológico de Alicante, Avenida de Denia s/n, Alicante, Spain. jlalio@vissum.com
authors: Jorge L
authors: JL
authors: Alió
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Radner
authors: Ana B
authors: AB
authors: Plaza-Puche
authors: Dolores
authors: D
authors: Ortiz
authors: M Carmen
authors: MC
authors: Neipp
authors: M José
authors: MJ
authors: Quiles
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Rodríguez-Marín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D011932:Reading; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014825:Vocabulary