title: Pre-emptive intra-articular administration of local anaesthetics/opiates versus postoperative local anaesthetics/opiates or local anaesthetics in arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint: a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arthroscopic surgery on the knee joint is increasingly being performed as day-case surgery. This necessitates adequate postoperative pain therapy. We performed a study to compare three different intra-articular regimens of pain treatment. The hypothesis was that preoperative intra-articular pain management is superior to postoperative procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we compared the preoperative administration of 0.1 mg fentanyl + 5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% with the postoperative administration of either 0.1 mg fentanyl + 5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% or 5 ml bupivacaine 0.5% alone in a total of 564 patients. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group was subdivided into patients with and without synovitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative administration of fentanyl and bupivacaine significantly decreased the perceived pain. The efficiency increased with major arthroscopic procedures. Postoperative administration of bupivacaine alone had the least effect. There was variation within each group depending on whether synovitis was present or not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the superiority of the preoperative intra-articular administration of a combination of fentanyl and local anaesthetic over postoperative fentanyl and local anaesthetic or postoperative local anaesthetic alone.
authors: OCM-Klinik, Munich, Germany. robert.hube@ocm-muenchen.de
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Hube
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tröger
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Rickerl
authors: E O
authors: EO
authors: Muench
authors: R
authors: R
authors: von Eisenhart-Rothe
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Hein
authors: H O
authors: HO
authors: Mayr
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013585:Synovitis / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine