Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne.
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) are cyclic nitramines used as explosives. Their ecotoxicities have been characterized incompletely and little is known about their accumulation potential in soil organisms. We assessed the toxicity and uptake of these explosives in perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. exposed in a Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) or in a sandy soil (DRDC, CL-20 only) containing contrasting clay contents (11% and 0.3%, respectively). A 21-d exposure to RDX, HMX or CL-20 in either soil had no adverse effects on ryegrass growth. RDX and HMX were translocated to ryegrass shoots, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) of up to 15 and 11, respectively. In contrast, CL-20 was taken up by the roots (BCF up to 19) with no translocation to the shoots. These studies showed that RDX, HMX, and CL-20 can accumulate in plants and may potentially pose a risk of biomagnification across the food chain.
Rocheleau
Sylvie
S
Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada.
Lachance
Bernard
B
Kuperman
Roman G
RG
Hawari
Jalal
J
Thiboutot
Sonia
S
Ampleman
Guy
G
Sunahara
Geoffrey I
GI
D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D001392:Azocines / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D008129:Lolium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
C482139:2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001392:Azocines; D053834:Explosive Agents; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C007950:octogen; C009160:cyclonite