title: Transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy for cannulation of inaccessible common bile duct: a safe and successful technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstruction of the biliary tract can lead to severe complications. The common treatment of patients with biliary tract obstruction is the decompression by endoscopic procedures. However, cannulation of the common bile duct can be difficult under certain instances because of anatomical variations or obstruction at the biliary entrance level. Needle-knife or precut sphincterotomy has been described as technique to facilitate biliary access in patients with difficult bile duct cannulation. In the current study, we evaluated success and complication rates of a wire-guided transpancreatic precut technique at our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2003 and June 2006, a total of 108 patients with jaundice but with inaccessible bile ducts using classic techniques (failed primary cannulation or failed needle-knife papillotomy) underwent a wire-guided transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy. Precuts were performed using a soft guide wire placed in the pancreatic duct without injection of contrast fluid into the pancreatic duct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied cannulation success and complications associated with postprocedural hospitalization. Bile duct cannulation was successful in 103 (95.4%) of the 108 patients. Five patients (4.6%) required a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. In 108 patients, there were 12 patients (11.1%) with procedure-related complications including acute pancreatitis (n = 6) and bleeding (n=6). Four patients had a mild and transient pancreatitis (pain improvement after 2 days), 2 had severe pancreatitis that was reversible after 7 days of conservative treatment. In 4 cases, a blood transfusion (each with 2 erythrocyte concentrates) became necessary. Perforations and other severe procedure-related deaths did not occur.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy using a soft guide wire is a safe and effective procedure in patients with difficult bile duct access where classic sphincterotomy or needle-knife procedures fail.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Weber
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Roesch
authors: Sebastian
authors: S
authors: Pointner
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Born
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Neu
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Meining
authors: Roland M
authors: RM
authors: Schmid
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002404:Catheterization; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D016896:Treatment Outcome