title: Challenges in care of the transgender patient seeking facial feminization surgery.
abstract: Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is the general term for a group of specific procedures that are used in an attempt to alter the perceived gender of an individual's face. These procedures include many commonly offered by facial plastic surgeons, such as rhytidectomy, brow lift, cheek implantation, and lip augmentation. Several procedures performed less often by most facial plastic surgeons also are involved, including scalp advancement, frontal cranioplasty, and reduction mandibuloplasty. Often, a challenge greater than the technical is the interpersonal interactions with patients. This article describes unique situations related to FFS.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, 4th Floor, FGH Building, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA. jeffrey.spiegel@bmc.org
authors: Jeffrey H
authors: JH
authors: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005262:Feminization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014189:Transsexualism / Q000601:surgery*