title: Atropine treatment modifies LPS-induced inflammatory response and increases survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect that Atropine, a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), has on the response to LPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-week-old, male, B6 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated with Atropine prior to, or after LPS challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survival was monitored and analyzed via Kaplan-Meier analysis using the log-rank test. The effects of atropine on the inflammatory response (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10) were monitored at various time intervals following LPS injection in mice that were treated and not treated with atropine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atropine administration prior to LPS induction of the inflammatory response resulted in reduced TNF-alpha and elevated IL-10 plasma levels without affecting the production of IL-6. This reduction in TNF-alpha levels was independent of the increase in IL-10 production. Atropine pretreatment improved the rate of survival from endotoxic shock in mice. The improved survival of mice after endotoxic shock could still be observed when atropine was administered several hours after LPS injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The administration of atropine after injury may have a beneficial clinical effect.
authors: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Fuentes
authors: W B
authors: WB
authors: Fulton
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Nino
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Talamini
authors: A De
authors: AD
authors: Maio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D001285:Atropine