Development and optimisation of a single extraction procedure for the LC/MS/MS analysis of two pharmaceutical classes residues in sewage treatment plant.
A unique extraction procedure leading to the separation of 2 different pharmaceutical classes molecules has been developed and optimised by chemometric tools. From only one sampling, this analytical method allows the determination of 21 pharmaceuticals from corticosteroids and beta-blockers classes. Performing the SPE on Oasis MCX (mixed-mode cation exchange), the sequential elution of each pharmaceutical class is achievable, allowing a high purity level of extracts as well as high recovery rates. Performing a unique sample preparation results in an important save of time. The extracts were then analysed by LC/MS/MS, using a Hibar Purospher Star column for beta-blockers and an X-Bridge column for corticosteroids with formate buffer (pH 3.8)/AcN and water/AcN mobile phases, respectively. This work also includes a study of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters in order to increase the analyte signal. The optimised SPE-LC/MS/MS method was then applied to environmental samples from sewage treatment plant (STP). beta-Blockers and corticosteroids were detected, respectively, in concentrations up to 318 ng L(-1) (sotalol) and 174 ng L(-1) (cortisone), in STP influents. Moreover, both pharmaceutical classes have also been detected in STP effluents. As far as we know, this is the first paper reporting the detection of corticosteroids in environmental waters. The developed analytical method can be used in further studies to investigate the environmental contamination by these drugs.
Piram
Anne
A
Université de Lyon, Lyon 1, UMR 5180, CNRS, Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Salvador
Arnaud
A
Gauvrit
Jean-Yves
JY
Lanteri
Pierre
P
Faure
René
R
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007474:Ion Exchange; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D012722:Sewage