Use of medications to reduce cardiovascular risk among individuals with psychotic disorders and Type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with serious mental illness (SMI) and in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Inadequate pharmacologic care for CVD may partially explain poor health outcomes in individuals with both conditions. We sought to identify patients in this group at greatest risk for suboptimal pharmacologic management.


METHODS
Among individuals with Type 2 diabetes and SMI identified from Maryland Medicaid data, we evaluated patient and service utilization factors associated with the prescription of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ("statins") for hyperlipidemia and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) for chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and hypertension.


RESULTS
From 2001 to 2003, the annual prevalence of use of statins and ACE-inhibitors/ARBs ranged from 44 to 59%, with rates increasing each year. Being female, having certain cardiovascular conditions, and having a greater number of outpatient visits for diabetes increased the odds of receiving statins and ACE-inhibitors/ARBs. More frequent contact with the mental health system was associated with a lower likelihood of receipt of both medication classes; having a substance use disorder was associated with reduced use of statins. African-Americans were less likely than Caucasians to receive statins, but more likely to receive prescriptions for ACE-inhibitors/ARBs.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the use of cardioprotective medications in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and SMI increased over the study period, a considerable proportion of patients remained inadequately managed despite their considerable cardiac risk. Further study should focus on observed racial variations and strategies to increase the capacity of mental health contacts to improve prescribing of these agents.
Kreyenbuhl
Julie
J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. jkreyenb@psych.umaryland.edu
Medoff
Deborah R
DR
Seliger
Stephen L
SL
Dixon
Lisa B
LB
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors