title: Aripiprazole augmentation in clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inadequate response to clozapine poses a substantial problem in the pharmaco-therapy of refractory schizophrenia. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole augmentation in clozapine-treated patients with refractory schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who had a history of treatment failure or partial response to long-term clozapine treatment were recruited. A total of 62 patients with either a baseline Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) score of at least 35 or more than 2 Schedule for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) global rating item scores of at least 3 were randomly assigned to double-blind augmentation treatment with either aripiprazole (5-30 mg/day) or placebo over 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in BPRS total score from baseline. The study was conducted between December 1, 2005, and December 10, 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the primary outcome measure between the 2 groups. In secondary analyses, improvement was significantly greater with aripiprazole treatment than with placebo for negative symptoms assessed by both the BPRS negative symptom sub-scale and the SANS total score but not for positive symptoms. Prolactin and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the aripiprazole group than in the placebo group. No significant differences between the 2 groups were observed in adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and serum glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although aripiprazole augmentation of clozapine did not lead to a significant improvement of total symptom severity in schizophrenia, a favorable change in the negative symptom domain was observed.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Municipal Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jae Seung
authors: JS
authors: Chang
authors: Yong Min
authors: YM
authors: Ahn
authors: Hye Jean
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: Kyu Young
authors: KY
authors: Lee
authors: Se Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Ung Gu
authors: UG
authors: Kang
authors: Yong Sik
authors: YS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D003024:Clozapine