title: Cranioplasty for patients developing large cranial defects combined with post-traumatic hydrocephalus after head trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large cranial defects combined with hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy are a common, harsh reality among patients with head trauma. Typically, a shunt is first used to relieve the hydrocephalus. However, subsequently the patients may develop a severe sinking scalp flap over the skull defect before cranioplasty, which would make the procedure difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  This problem was overcome by temporarily adjusting the shunt pressure using a programmable ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube, which allowed expansion of the depressed scalp flap and facilitated the subsequent cranioplasty. This study describes two patients who were treated for this problem after severe head trauma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When performing a titanium mesh cranioplasty after a shunt, this new method facilitated the separation of the scalp from the underlying muscle or dura and obliterated the dead space between the titanium mesh and the underlying tissue. Both patients had satisfactory outcomes without complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method is easy and safe and it facilitates the cranioplasty, reducing the potential complications, including intracranial haematoma, effusions and infection, and thereby improving the patient outcome.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR, China.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Wen
authors: R Y
authors: RY
authors: Zhan
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Shen
authors: X F
authors: XF
authors: Yang
authors: W M
authors: WM
authors: Fu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000601:surgery*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D020204:Skull Fracture, Depressed / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt