title: Clonal heterogeneity of clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with unique vanS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clonal diversity of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 900 clinical isolates of enterococci were obtained, and VRE isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests, biochemical fingerprinting with the PhPlate system (PhP), ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine of all enterococcal isolates were resistant to high levels of vancomycin (MIC >or= 128) and identified as Enterococcus faecium. Biochemical fingerprinting with PhP showed that the VRE isolates were highly diverse (diversity index, D(i) = 0.93) and belonged to 24 PhP-types. The VRE could be separated into 34 and 27 types with PFGE and ribotyping, giving diversity indices of 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. The PFGE method was more discriminatory than ribotyping and PhP system for E. faecium isolates. A combination of either of the two typing methods resulted in at least 44 types. Furthermore, sequencing analysis of vanS of Tn1546 showed one nucleotide mutation (C-->A) at position 5727 in comparison with the prototype BM4147, which was found to be unique in all Iranian VRE isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The isolated clinical VRE strains were highly diverse in Tehran.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. pour@pasteur.ac.ir
authors: Mohammad R
authors: MR
authors: Pourshafie
authors: Malihe
authors: M
authors: Talebi
authors: Mahnaz
authors: M
authors: Saifi
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Katouli
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Eshraghi
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Kühn
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: Möllby
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007492:Iran; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D021521:Ribotyping; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C073901:VanS protein, Enterococcus; D011494:Protein Kinases