title: An analysis of high-risk human papillomavirus DNA-negative cervical precancers in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 3 (CIN-3) diagnosed over the 2-year duration of the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) Triage Study (ALTS) that tested negative for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) at enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical center pathologists and quality control pathology group reviewed all histology; any CIN-3 diagnosis on biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (n=621) by at least one pathology review over the duration of ALTS led to inclusion in this analysis. Enrollment cervical specimens were tested for high-risk HPV DNA by two HPV assays; results were combined to minimize simple testing errors. We compared the characteristics of baseline high-risk HPV-negative (n=33) to baseline high-risk HPV-positive (n=588) cumulative diagnosed CIN-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-risk HPV-negative CIN-3 cases were less likely to have a second, confirming diagnosis of CIN-3 (24% compared with 56%) by the other pathology group, were more likely to be diagnosed later in follow-up, and more likely to be referred into ALTS because of an ASCUS Pap test rather than an LSIL Pap. Upon review of case histories of the 33 baseline high-risk HPV-negative CIN-3 (5.3% of all cases), there was evidence that these cases were due to incident (new) cases (n=12, 1.9%), non-high-risk HPV (n=5, 0.8%), misclassified histology (n=8, 1.3%), and false-negative high-risk HPV (n=8, 1.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In any sizeable population, even among women with evidence of cytologic abnormalities, there will be a few cases of cervical precancer that will test high-risk HPV negative for one or more reasons.
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. castlep@mail.nih.gov
authors: Philip E
authors: PE
authors: Castle
authors: J Thomas
authors: JT
authors: Cox
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Jeronimo
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Solomon
authors: Cosette M
authors: CM
authors: Wheeler
authors: Patti E
authors: PE
authors: Gravitt
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Schiffman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral