title: Laboratory and FEA evaluation of dentin-to-composite bonding as a function adhesive layer thickness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that microtensile bond strength values are inversely proportional to dentin-to-composite adhesive layer thickness through laboratory mechanical testing and finite element analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen noncarious third molars were obtained, and occlusal enamel removed perpendicular to the tooth long axis. Two different adhesive systems were utilized as follows (n=3): (1) application of a single layer of Single Bond (3M ESPE Co.) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Co.) following the manufacturer's directions; (2) application of one layer of both adhesive systems followed by one additional layer; (3) application of one layer of both adhesive systems followed by two additional layers. A 4mm build up was fabricated in increments on each tooth sample (Z 100 composite, 3M ESPE). Section measurements were performed and specimens were separated into three adhesive thickness groups per material (40, 40-80 and 80-120 microm) for microtensile testing. The bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Maximum principal stresses (MPS) were determined through FEA for three different adhesive layer thicknesses (20, 50 and 100 microm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strength data obtained for Single Bond at 0-40 microm presented significantly higher values compared to higher adhesive layer thickness groups. There were no statistical differences among bond strength values for all Clearfil SE Bond adhesive layer thicknesses. FEA modeling indicated that MPS increased as adhesive layer increased. The hypothesis was accepted for the Single Bond only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correspondence (not tested statistically) between microtensile laboratory testing and FEA model was only observed for Single Bond as increased adhesive layer thickness did not reduce Clearfil SE Bond strength.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, NY 10010, USA. pc92@nyu.edu
authors: P G
authors: PG
authors: Coelho
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Calamia
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Harsono
authors: V P
authors: VP
authors: Thompson
authors: N R F A
authors: NR
authors: Silva
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008954:Models, Biological; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D019279:Resin Cements; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C115612:single bond; D014867:Water; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium