title: Involvement of caspase 8 in apoptosis induced by ultrasound-activated hematoporphyrin in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel and promising cancer therapy that uses a combination of ultrasound and hematoporphyrin, can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells. However, the mechanism(s) of SDT-induced cell apoptosis is not well understood. This study investigated SDT-induced apoptosis in sarcoma 180 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell suspension were treated by 1.75-MHz continuous focused ultrasound in the presence of hematoporphyrin for 3 minutes, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling, confocal microscopy, and apoptosis-related protein analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA breaks, apoptotic bodies, and cleaved poly (adenosine triphosphate-ribose) polymerase were observed 1 hour after SDT. By using laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that the Fas-associated death domain and caspase 8 translocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Activities of caspase 8 and caspase 3 were detected by an immunohistochemical assay. The results suggested that SDT led to activation of caspase 8, which in turn activated downstream caspase 3. In addition, Z-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a specific inhibitor for caspase 8, was used to confirm the effect of caspase 8 in apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data primarily show that SDT can induce apoptosis in sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, and caspase 8 may play an important role in SDT-induced apoptosis.
authors: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Tang
authors: Quanhong
authors: Q
authors: Liu
authors: Xiaobing
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Pan
authors: P
authors: Wang
authors: Bing
authors: B
authors: Cao
authors: Na
authors: N
authors: Mi
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006415:Hematoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012510:Sarcoma 180 / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy
chemical_list: D006415:Hematoporphyrins; D053181:Caspase 8