title: C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in youth: a strong relationship?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is on the rise in youth. As high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is associated with cardiovascular/metabolic disorders, we evaluated the association between MS and its components and hs-CRP in a sample of Brazilian overweight and obese youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 407 students (229 girls, 273 with excessive weight, 11.3+/-3.2 years) were evaluated. Measurement included BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, lipids, insulin, and hs-CRP. Excessive weight was defined using BMI z -score; MS by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were classified into two groups: with MS (n=72) and without (n=335). hs-CRP means and medians were higher in MS group (1.41 mg/l vs. 1.06 mg/l, P<0.001; 2.21 mg/l vs. 1.23 mg/l, P<0.001). Associations between hs-CRP quartiles and insulin resistance (IR) (P<0.001), MS (P<0.001), WC (P<0.000), BMI z-score (P<0.001), hypertension (P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.001), and low HDL-c (P=0.023) were significant; adjustment of hs-CRP for BMI z-score eliminated the previous association, except for the number of MS components (nMSc) (P<0.001). Adjusting for homeostasis model assessment method of IR (HOMA-IR) did not eliminate the relation between hs-CRP and MS components. Furthermore, increases in BMI z-score and nMSc were associated with an increased hs-CRP. Excessive weight (odds ratio (OR), 7.9; confidence interval (CI), 4.7-13.4; P=0.000), hypertension (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.3-4.2; P=0.003), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.3; CI, 1.5-3.7; P<0.001) were independently associated with hs-CRP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In youth, hs-CRP is strongly related with MS and its components, and is also determined by the body composition. This association indicates a precocious proinflammatory state.
authors: Bahian School of Medicine and Public Health, Science Development Foundation of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
authors: Antônio C
authors: AC
authors: Oliveira
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Oliveira
authors: Luis F
authors: LF
authors: Adan
authors: Nelson F
authors: NF
authors: Oliveira
authors: Agnaluce M
authors: AM
authors: Silva
authors: Ana M
authors: AM
authors: Ladeia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein