title: Sex-specific predictive power of 6-minute walk test in chronic heart failure is not enhanced using percent achieved of published reference equations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is an established prognostic tool in chronic heart failure. The strong influence of height, weight, age, and sex on 6MWT distance may be accounted for by using percentage achieved of predicted value rather than uncorrected 6MWT values.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 1069 patients (862 men) with a mean age 55.2 +/- 11.7 years and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 29% +/- 10%, attending the heart failure clinic of the University of Heidelberg between 1995 and 2005. The predictive power and accuracy of 6MWT and achieved percentage values according to all available published equations for mortality and mortality or transplant combined were tested separately for each sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage values varied largely between equations. For all equations, women in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I had higher values than men. Although the 6MWT significantly discriminated all NYHA classes for both sexes, only 1 equation discriminated all NYHA classes. No significant differences in the area under the receiver operating-characteristic curve were noted between achieved percentage values and 6MWT. Despite strong univariate significance, achieved percentage values did not retain multivariate significance. The 6MWT was independent from N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide, NYHA, left ventricular ejection fraction, and peak oxygen uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed 6MWT to be a strong and independent risk predictor for both sexes. Because the prognostic power of 6MWT is not enhanced using percentage achieved of published reference equations, we suggest recalibration of these reference values rather than discarding this approach.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Luts.Frankenstein@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors: Lutz
authors: L
authors: Frankenstein
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Zugck
authors: Manfred
authors: M
authors: Nelles
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Schellberg
authors: Hugo
authors: H
authors: Katus
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Remppis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking