title: Selective cytotoxicity of indomethacin and indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded nanocapsules against glioma cell lines: an in vitro study.
abstract: Gliomas are the most common and devastating tumors of the central nervous system. Several studies have suggested that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are promising anticancer agents. Biodegradable nanoparticulate systems have received considerable attention as potential drug delivery vehicles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules and indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded nanocapsules on glioma cell lines. In addition, the effect of these formulations on normal neural tissue was also evaluated. In order to investigate this, glioma cell lines (U138-MG and C6) and hippocampal organotypic cultures were used. The main finding of the present study is that indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules formulation was more potent than a solution of indomethacin in decreasing the viability and cell proliferation of glioma lines. Indomethacin and indomethacin ethyl ester associated together in the same nanocapsule formulation caused a synergic effect decreasing glioma cell proliferation. In addition, when the glioma cells were exposed to 25 microM of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules or indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded nanocapsules, a necrotic cell death was observed. Interestingly, 5 microM of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules was able to cause an antiproliferative effect without promoting necrosis in glioma cells. Another important finding was that the cytotoxic effect induced by 25 microM or 50 microM of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules or indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded nanocapsules, in glioma cells was not observed in the organotypic cultures, indicating selective cytotoxicity of those formulations for tumoral cells. Further investigations using in vivo glioma model should be helpful to confirm the distinct effects of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules and indomethacin ethyl ester-loaded nanocapsules, in normal versus tumoral cells.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors: Andressa
authors: A
authors: Bernardi
authors: Rudimar L
authors: RL
authors: Frozza
authors: Eliézer
authors: E
authors: Jäger
authors: Fabrício
authors: F
authors: Figueiró
authors: Luci
authors: L
authors: Bavaresco
authors: Christianne
authors: C
authors: Salbego
authors: Adriana R
authors: AR
authors: Pohlmann
authors: Sívia S
authors: SS
authors: Guterres
authors: Ana M O
authors: AM
authors: Battastini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002452:Cell Count; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004396:Coloring Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D053769:Nanocapsules; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011419:Propidium; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D053769:Nanocapsules; D013535:Suspensions; C507313:indomethacin ethyl ester; D011419:Propidium; D007213:Indomethacin