title: Ocular TRUST: nationwide antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in ocular isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular Tracking Resistance in U.S. Today (TRUST) annually evaluates in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, penicillin, azithromycin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B in national samples of ocular isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospectively collected ocular isolates (197 S. aureus, 49 S. pneumoniae, and 32 H. influenzae) from 35 institutions and archived ocular isolates (760 S. pneumoniae and 356 H. influenzae) from 34 institutions were tested by an independent, central laboratory. Mean minimum inhibitory concentrations that would inhibit growth of 90% of the tested isolates (MIC(90)) were interpreted as susceptible, intermediate, or resistant according to standardized breakpoints for systemic treatment. S. aureus isolates were classified as methicillin susceptible (MSSA) or methicillin resistant (MRSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSSA or MRSA susceptibility patterns were virtually identical for the fluoroquinolones, that is, MSSA susceptibility was 79.9% to 81.1% and MRSA susceptibility was 15.2%. Trimethoprim was the only agent tested with high activity against MRSA. All S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; 89.8% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. H. influenzae isolates were 100% susceptible to all tested agents but trimethoprim. Ocular TRUST 1 data were consistent with the eight-year longitudinal sample of archived ocular isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluoroquinolones were consistently active in MSSA, S. pneumoniae, and H. influenzae. After more than a decade of intensive ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin use as systemic therapy, 100% of ocular S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin; nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin was less than 15%. High-level in vitro MRSA resistance suggests the need to consider alternative therapy to fluoroquinolones when MRSA is a likely pathogen.
authors: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. penny.asbell@mssm.edu
authors: Penny A
authors: PA
authors: Asbell
authors: Kathryn A
authors: KA
authors: Colby
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Deng
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: McDonnell
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Meisler
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: Raizman
authors: John D
authors: JD
authors: Sheppard
authors: Daniel F
authors: DF
authors: Sahm
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents