title: The failure of torcetrapib: is there a case for independent preclinical and clinical testing?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Torcetrapib was spectacularly withdrawn in December 2006, when a Phase III clinical trial showed increased cardiovascular adverse events.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To consider possible reasons why the development of torcetrapib proceeded so far before adverse events became apparent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published preclinical and clinical data for torcetrapib are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems likely that independent preclinical testing would have shown that torcetrapib increased blood pressure. Such a finding might have halted the development of torcetrapib prior to clinical trial. Although the early clinical testing of torcetrapib showed favourable effects on the surrogate endpoints, an ability to increase blood pressure started to become apparent. When clinical outcome studies were undertaken with torcetrapib, it was shown not to have any benefit on atherosclerosis and to increase cardiovascular events. These finding might have come to light earlier if clinical outcomes studies had had a higher priority than repeated trials, in different populations, of torcetrapib on surrogate outcomes.
authors: Sheila A
authors: SA
authors: Doggrell
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011804:Quinolines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011758:Pyrroles; D011804:Quinolines; C483909:torcetrapib; D000069059:Atorvastatin