Toxicity of four nitrogen-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) to soil organisms.
The aims of this study were: (i) to investigate the toxicity of N-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) quinoline, acridine, phenazine, and 1,10-phenanthroline to the soil invertebrates Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus crypticus, Folsomia candida, and Caenorhabditis elegans, (ii) to compare the toxicity of four NPAHs and the species sensitivity, and (iii) to discuss possible risks of these compounds in soils. Different toxicities were found for the tested NPAHs which might be partially explained by their structure and properties. Effect concentrations expressed as soil pore-water concentrations were related to log K(ow), which indicated narcosis as the most probable mode of toxic action. The species sensitivity decreased in the rank: springtails >enchytraeids=earthworms> nematodes. Predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values were calculated for all tested species giving values from 0.5 to 6.8 mg/kg. It is unlikely that there is a risk for soil organisms in natural soils where lower NPAHs concentrations are expected.
Kobetičová
K
K
RECETOX - Research Centre for Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 126/3, Brno CZ-62500, Czech Republic.
Bezchlebová
J
J
Lána
J
J
Sochová
I
I
Hofman
J
J
D000166:Acridines / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000187:drug effects*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects; D010618:Phenanthrolines / Q000633:toxicity; D010619:Phenazines / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
D000166:Acridines; D010618:Phenanthrolines; D010619:Phenazines; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011804:Quinolines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C037219:quinoline; D009584:Nitrogen; C025205:1,10-phenanthroline