title: Are azole fungicides losing ground against Septoria wheat disease? Resistance mechanisms in Mycosphaerella graminicola.
abstract: There has been a recent rapid decline in the efficacy of some, but not all, azole fungicides in controlling the Septoria leaf blotch pathogen of wheat, Mycosphaerella graminicola. Hans J. Cools and Bart A. Fraaije ask the question: can widespread resistance to all azoles develop in this pathogen?
authors: Fungicide Resistance Group, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK. hans.cools@bbsrc.ac.uk
authors: Hans J
authors: HJ
authors: Cools
authors: Bart A
authors: BA
authors: Fraaije
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001393:Azoles; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System