title: High prevalence of eating disorders in narcolepsy with cataplexy: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of and symptoms of eating disorders in patients with narcolepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study comparing symptoms of eating disorders in patients with narcolepsy versus healthy population controls, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN 2.1). To study whether an increased body mass index (BMI) could be responsible for symptoms of an eating disorder, we also compared patients with BMI-matched controls, using the SCAN as well as the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with narcolepsy/cataplexy (n = 60) were recruited from specialized sleep centers. Healthy controls (n = 120) were drawn from a population study previously performed in the Netherlands. Separately, 32 BMI-matched controls were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 23.3% of the patients fulfilled the criteria for a clinical eating disorder, as opposed to none of the control subjects. Most of these were classified as Eating Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, with an incomplete form of binge eating disorder. On the symptom level, half of the patients reported a persistent craving for food, as well as binge eating. Twenty-five percent of patients even reported binging twice a week or more often. When compared with BMI-matched controls, the significant increases persisted in symptoms of eating disorders among patients with narcolepsy. Except for a higher level of interference in daily activities due to eating problems in patients using antidepressants, medication use did not influence our findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with narcolepsy experience a number of symptoms of eating disorders, with an irresistible craving for food and binge eating as the most prominent features. Eating disorder symptomatology interfered with daily activities. These findings justify more attention for eating disorders in the treatment of patients with narcolepsy.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. H.Droogleever-Fortuyn@psy.umcn.nl
authors: Hal A Droogleever
authors: HA
authors: Fortuyn
authors: Sofie
authors: S
authors: Swinkels
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Buitelaar
authors: Wily O
authors: WO
authors: Renier
authors: Joop W
authors: JW
authors: Furer
authors: Cees A
authors: CA
authors: Rijnders
authors: Paul P
authors: PP
authors: Hodiamont
authors: Sabastiaan
authors: S
authors: Overeem
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002032:Bulimia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002385:Cataplexy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents