title: Microbial activity and community diversity in a variable charge soil as affected by cadmium exposure levels and time.
abstract: Effects of cadmium (Cd) on microbial biomass, activity and community diversity were assessed in a representative variable charge soil (Typic Aquult) using an incubation study. Cadmium was added as Cd(NO3)(2) to reach a concentration range of 0-16 mg Cd/kg soil. Soil extractable Cd generally increased with Cd loading rate, but decreased with incubation time. Soil microbial biomass was enhanced at low Cd levels (0.5-1 mg/kg), but was inhibited consistently with increasing Cd rate. The ratio of microbial biomass C/N varied with Cd treatment levels, decreasing at low Cd rate (<0.7 mg/kg available Cd), but increasing progressively with Cd loading. Soil respiration was restrained at low Cd loading (<1 mg/kg), and enhanced at higher Cd levels. Soil microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ) was generally greater at high Cd loading (1-16 mg/kg). However, the MMQ is also affected by other factors. Cd contamination reduces species diversity of soil microbial communities and their ability to metabolize different C substrates. Soils with higher levels of Cd contamination showed decreases in indicator phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) for Gram-negative bacteria and actinomycetes, while the indicator PLFAs for Gram-positive bacteria and fungi increased with increasing levels of Cd contamination.
authors: MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors: Jia-li
authors: JL
authors: Shentu
authors: Zhen-li
authors: ZL
authors: He
authors: Xiao-e
authors: XE
authors: Yang
authors: Ting-qiang
authors: TQ
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D002104:Cadmium; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen