High levels of vegetable oils in plant protein-rich diets fed to gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, muscle fatty acid profiles and histological alterations of target tissues.
The feasibility of fish oil (FO) replacement by vegetable oils (VO) was investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in a growth trial conducted for the duration of 8 months. Four isolipidic and isoproteic diets rich in plant proteins were supplemented with L-lysine (0.55 %) and soya lecithin (1 %). Added oil was either FO (control) or a blend of VO, replacing 33 % (33VO diet), 66 % (66VO diet) and 100 % (VO diet) of FO. No detrimental effects on growth performance were found with the partial FO replacement, but feed intake and growth rates were reduced by about 10 % in fish fed the VO diet. The replacement strategy did not damage the intestinal epithelium, and massive accumulation of lipid droplets was not found within enterocytes. All fish showed fatty livers, but signs of lipoid liver disease were only found in fish fed the VO diet. Muscle fatty acid profiles of total lipids reflected the diet composition with a selective incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids in polar lipids. The robustness of the phospholipid fatty acid profile when essential fatty acid requirements were theoretically covered by the diet was evidenced by multivariate principal components analysis in fish fed control, 33VO and 66VO diets.
Benedito-Palos
Laura
L
Department of Biology, Culture and Pathology of Marine Species, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
Navarro
Juan C
JC
Sitjà-Bobadilla
Ariadna
A
Bell
J Gordon
JG
Kaushik
Sadasivam
S
Pérez-Sánchez
Jaume
J
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
D005227:Fatty Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D010940:Plant Proteins