title: Nickel allergy in interatrial shunt device-based closure patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possibility of nickel toxicity has been raised with interatrial shunt closure devices constructed of nitinol. This study is aimed to assess the potential adverse symptoms in terms of incidence, duration, and significance, in patients with interatrial shunt and nickel allergy who underwent nitinol device-based closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively enrolled 46 consecutive patients (mean age 35 +/- 28.8 years, 30 female) over a 12-month period referred to our center for catheter-based closure of interatrial shunts. Patients were investigated for previous hypersensivity to nickel and were required to test potential nickel allergy with cutaneous patch test (TRUE test) before device implantation. Routinely, clinical visit with laboratory examinations, and TTE were scheduled at 1, 6, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients (19.5%, mean age 31.3 +/- 13.2 years) had proved symptomatic and instrumental nickel allergy as showed by cutaneous patch skin test but preferred to be implanted. All patients underwent successful transcatheter closure with an immediate occlusion rate of 100% without intraoperative complications. Between the 2nd and 3rd postoperative day, 8 out of 9 patients developed a sort of 'device syndrome' that included concurrent chest discomfort, exertional dyspnea and asthenia, and mild leukocytosis. The syndrome was treated with Prednison and Clopidogrel and in all was resolved after 1-week therapy. Interestingly, none of the patients without nickel allergy developed postclosure symptoms (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, nickel allergy is still a problematic issue in patients scheduled for transcatheter closure of intracardiac shunts; however, our brief study suggests that nickel allergy is not per se a contraindication to nitinol device closure.
authors: Rovigo General Hospital, Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions Service, Rovigo, Italy. jackyheart@hotmail.com
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: Rigatelli
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Cardaioli
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Giordan
authors: Silvio
authors: S
authors: Aggio
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: Chinaglia
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Braggion
authors: Loris
authors: L
authors: Roncon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000497:Alloys / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012882:Skin Tests; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol; D009532:Nickel