title: Morphologic and functional predictors of eventual circulation in the fetus with pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis with intact septum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the morphologic and physiological predictors of post-natal surgical pathway in a longitudinal series of fetuses with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS) and/or critical pulmonary stenosis with reversal of ductal flow (CPS) using statistical modeling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is rarely associated with chromosomal or extra cardiac malformations, so decisions about continuing a pregnancy are strongly influenced by the prediction of univentricular (UV) or biventricular (BV) circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Predictive scores were derived, using a combination of z-scores of fetal cardiac measurements (for femoral length) and tricuspid/mitral valve (TV/MV) ratios, to facilitate early prediction of UV or BV circulation in 21 fetuses with PAIVS (18 fetuses) or CPS (3 fetuses) between 1998 and 2004. We also assessed the predictive value of coronary fistulae and right atrial pressure (RAP) score (comprising the tricuspid valve, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus Doppler).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-half of the cohort was first assessed before 23 gestational weeks (range 15.7 to 33.7 weeks). The TV z-score was a good predictor at all gestations, but the best predictive scores for specific gestations were pulmonary valve (PV) z-score (<23 weeks), median TV z-score (<26 weeks), the combination of median PV z-score and the median TV/MV ratio (26 to 31 weeks), and the combination of median TV z-score and median TV/MV ratio (>31 weeks). The RAP score and coronary fistulae were good independent predictors: RAP score >3 predicted BV with area under the curve of 0.833, and detection of fistulae usually predicted a UV route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best predictive scores for post-natal outcome in fetal PAIVS/CPS are a combination of morphologic and physiological variables, which predict a BV circulation with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 100% before 26 weeks.
authors: Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, United Kingdom. helena.gardiner@imperial.ac.uk
authors: Helena M
authors: HM
authors: Gardiner
authors: Cristian
authors: C
authors: Belmar
authors: Gerald
authors: G
authors: Tulzer
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Barlow
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Pasquini
authors: Julene S
authors: JS
authors: Carvalho
authors: Piers E F
authors: PE
authors: Daubeney
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Rigby
authors: Fabiana
authors: F
authors: Gordon
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Kulinskaya
authors: Rodney C
authors: RC
authors: Franklin
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011664:Pulmonary Valve; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal