title: Mycobacterial infections in human immuno-deficiency virus seropositive patients: role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is high prevalence of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection; hence the role of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in HIV patients has always been undermined. NTM may be responsible for clinical disease in a substantial number of immuno-compromised HIV sero-positive individuals even in a country endemic for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The study was designed to look for the contribution of NTM to morbidity in HIV seropositive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study of ninety-four HIV seropositive individuals presenting with pulmonary or extra-pulmonary symptoms suggestive of mycobacterial infection, appropriate samples were collected and processed. Detailed clinical history was utilized to differentiate colonization or contamination by NTM from true lung disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen samples grew mycobacterial species, 8(57.2%) being NTM. The distribution of NTM was--3 M. avium complex, 2 M. fortuitum, 2 M. vaccae, 1 M. phlei. 6 isolates were M. tuberculosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NTM may be responsible for a significant proportion of mycobacterial infections in HIV seropositive individuals. Despite the high endemicity of tuberculosis in developing countries like India, the presence of NTM should be ruled out; especially in immuno-compromised HIV seropositive individuals before instituting anti-tubercular therapy empirically. In addition, non-response of NTM to ATT may be wrongly attributed to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
authors: Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Khatter
authors: Urvashi B
authors: UB
authors: Singh
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Arora
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Rana
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Seth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology*; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019907:Mycobacterium fortuitum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009168:Mycobacterium phlei / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography