title: Flow interruption of the distal radial artery: treatment for finger ischemia in a matured radiocephalic AVF.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an effective approach for diagnosis and treatment of hand ischemia in matured radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulae (AVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty end-stage renal disease patients (4% of our practice) presented to our outpatient vascular access facility complaining of a range of symptoms including coldness, numbness and pain in the fingers indicative of ischemia due to steal syndrome. In 15 patients the symptoms of steal syndrome were limited to the fingers, sparing the hand. Physical examination was indicative of steal syndrome caused by shunting of blood from the ulnar artery via the palmar arch, away from the fingers and into the fistula. To confirm the diagnosis, angiography was performed which demonstrated retrograde flow in the distal radial artery (DRA), a hypertrophied palmar arch, and a patent hypertrophied ulnar artery. Ischemia was treated with DRA flow interruption. Transcatheter coil embolization of the DRA (10 patients) was preferred because it proved to be a quick, safe and effective technique. Whenever embolization was not possible ligation of the DRA was performed in accordance with accepted surgical literature (five patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  DRA flow interruption was effectively accomplished by either ligation or coil embolization in all cases. All patients had symptomatic improvement. Complete symptom resolution was experienced by 100% (10/10) of patients who received DRA embolization and by 3/5 patients who required ligation. The average follow-up period was 9 months. There were no complications during the procedure or during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnosis using physical examination, angiography and treatment with embolization or ligation of the DRA can be performed with great success in an outpatient setting.
authors: American Access Care of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York 11215, USA. vascular!@att.net
authors: G A
authors: GA
authors: Miller
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Khariton
authors: S V
authors: SV
authors: Kardos
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Koh
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Goel
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Khariton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000601:surgery; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome