Glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
Incretins, enhancers of insulin secretion, are essential for glucose tolerance, and a reduction in their function might contribute to poor beta-cell function in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. However, at supraphysiological doses, the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) protects pancreatic beta cells, and inhibits glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and food intake, leading to weight loss. GLP-1 mimetics, which are stable-peptide-based activators of the GLP-1 receptor, and incretin enhancers, which inhibit the incretin-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, have emerged as therapies for type-2 diabetes and have recently reached the market. The pathophysiological basis the clinical use of these therapeutics is reviewed here.
Holst
Jens J
JJ
Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. holst@mfi.ku.dk
Deacon
Carolyn F
CF
Vilsbøll
Tina
T
Krarup
Thure
T
Madsbad
Sten
S
D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans
D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose