title: Utility of positron emission tomography compared with mediastinoscopy for delineating involved lymph nodes in stage III lung cancer: insights for radiotherapy planning from a surgical cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mediastinoscopy is routinely carried out on the majority of nonmetastatic, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in our institution. We used the results of mediastinoscopy from a Stage III NSCLC cohort to assess the reliability of positron emission tomography (PET) scans at identifying involved mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) when used during radiotherapy planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mediastinoscopy was the gold standard. Characteristics of PET were calculated for nodal sensitivity. To compare the impact on contouring, theoretical nodal targets (NTs) containing involved MLNs were generated using PET and mediastinoscopy. We determined whether the NT derived from PET (NT-P) was equivalent to, greater than, or less than that seen with the mediastinoscopy (NT-M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data for 122 patients with Stage III NSCLC, treated between 2000 and 2004, were analyzed. After exclusions, 87 patients with Stage III disease by mediastinoscopy were analyzed. Overall PET sensitivity was 61% and positive predictive value was 94%. Of the 87 patients, 33 (38%) had no abnormal MLN findings by PET. Of 36 Stage IIIA cancer patients, 18 (50%) had NT-P equivalent to NT-M, 10 (28%) had smaller NT-Ps, and 8 (22%) had larger NT-Ps compared with NT-Ms. Of 18 Stage IIIB cancer patients, NTs were equivalent in 6 (34%); in 1 patient (5%) NT-P was larger than the corresponding NT-M, and in 11 (61%) smaller than the corresponding NT-M.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study PET had modest sensitivity to detect MLN involvement and underestimated the extent of involved nodes for target definition. The role of PET in mediastinal contouring needs to be evaluated prospectively and ideally correlated with a pathology standard.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors: Gregory M M
authors: GM
authors: Videtic
authors: Thomas W
authors: TW
authors: Rice
authors: Sudish
authors: S
authors: Murthy
authors: John H
authors: JH
authors: Suh
authors: Jerrold P
authors: JP
authors: Saxton
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Adelstein
authors: Tarek M
authors: TM
authors: Mekhail
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008481:Mediastinoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel