title: Anti-inflammatory activity of 4-methoxyhonokiol is a function of the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages via NF-kappaB, JNK and p38 MAPK inactivation.
abstract: The extracts or constituents from the bark of Magnolia (M.) obovata are known to have many pharmacological activities. 4-Methoxyhonokiol, a neolignan compound isolated from the stem bark of M. obovata, was found to exhibit a potent anti-inflammatory effect in different experimental models. Pretreatment with 4-methoxyhonokiol (i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited the dye leakage and paw swelling in an acetic-acid-induced vascular permeability assay and a carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in mice, respectively. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation model, 4-methoxyhonokiol significantly inhibited plasma nitric oxide (NO) release in mice. To identify the mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory action, we investigated the effect of 4-methoxyhonokiol on LPS-induced responses in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The results demonstrated that 4-methoxyhonokiol significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production as well as the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, 4-methoxyhonokiol inhibited LPS-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation via the prevention of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) phosphorylation and degradation. 4-Methoxyhonokiol had no effect on the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas it attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that 4-methoxyhonokiol is an active anti-inflammatory constituent of the bark of M. obovata, and that its anti-inflammatory property might be a function of the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression via down-regulation of the JNK and p38 MAP kinase signal pathways and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
authors: Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors: Hong Yu
authors: HY
authors: Zhou
authors: Eun Myoung
authors: EM
authors: Shin
authors: Lian Yu
authors: LY
authors: Guo
authors: Ui Joung
authors: UJ
authors: Youn
authors: KiHwan
authors: K
authors: Bae
authors: Sam Sik
authors: SS
authors: Kang
authors: Li Bo
authors: LB
authors: Zou
authors: Yeong Shik
authors: YS
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000187:drug effects; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031566:Magnolia / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C531035:4-methoxyhonokiol; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019342:Acetic Acid