title: Impact of wearable alcohol gel dispensers on hand hygiene in an emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compliance with hand hygiene (HH) by health care workers is widely recognized as the most effective way to decrease transmission of infection among patients. However, compliance remains poor, averaging about 40%. A potential barrier to compliance is convenience and accessibility of sinks or alcohol hand sanitizer dispensers. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of a personal alcohol gel dispensing system, compared with the traditional wall-mounted alcohol gel dispenser and sinks in an urban hospital's emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a quasi-experimental trial of a personal wearable alcohol hand sanitizer dispenser. Observations of ED staff HH were performed in the month before intervention and during three intervention phases over a 2.5-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 757 HH opportunities were observed: 112 before and 432 after patient contact, 72 after contact with the patient's environment, 24 before invasive procedures, and 117 after body fluid contact. HH compliance improved during the first intervention period, but improvement was not sustained. There was no significant improvement in HH from baseline to the final intervention period. The wearable alcohol gel dispenser was used for 9% of HH episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Availability of a wearable dispenser was not associated with a significant improvement in use of alcohol products for HH. These results support other studies in which only transient success was reported with a single intervention; greater success in sustaining increased HH compliance has been reported with use of multimodal approaches in which increased availability of products may be a part of the intervention.
authors: Infection Prevention and Control Department, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. Janet.haas@nyumc.org
authors: Janet P
authors: JP
authors: Haas
authors: Elaine L
authors: EL
authors: Larson
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005782:Gels; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D017592:Skin Care / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D005782:Gels