title: A comparison of the benefits of sonography and electrophysiologic measurements as predictors of symptom severity and functional status in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether sonography or electrophysiologic testing is a better predictor of symptom severity and functional status in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and to assess the diagnostic value of sonography in patients with idiopathic CTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four hands with CTS and 38 normative hands were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, which comprised symptom severity and functional status scale, was applied to CTS patients. Bilateral upper-extremity nerve conduction studies of median and ulnar nerves and sonographic imaging of the median nerve were performed in all participants. Sonographic evaluation was performed by a physician blinded to the physical and electrophysiologic findings of the subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel entrance and proximal carpal tunnel were 12.5+/-2.6 and 10.6+/-2.6 versus 15.6+/-4.2 and 11.5+/-3.2 in CTS patients versus controls, respectively. Increased CSA of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel entrance (P<.002) and at the proximal carpal tunnel (P<.000) were detected in the hands with CTS. Flattening ratios did not differ in a statistically significant manner between the groups (P>.05). The best predictor of symptom severity was median nerve sensory distal latency and that of functional status was median nerve motor distal latency. The optimum cutoff value for median nerve CSA was 11.2mm(2) at the carpal tunnel entrance and 11.9mm(2) at the proximal carpal tunnel. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values at the proximal carpal tunnel (88%, 66%, 71%, 80%, respectively) were higher than those at the carpal tunnel entrance (68%, 62%, 65%, 66%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The best predictors of symptom severity and functional status in idiopathic CTS seem to be the electrophysiologic assessments rather than sonographic measurements. On the other hand, sonography may be helpful in the diagnosis of idiopathic CTS.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Bayram
authors: B
authors: Kaymak
authors: Levent
authors: L
authors: Ozçakar
authors: Alp
authors: A
authors: Cetin
authors: Meral
authors: M
authors: Candan Cetin
authors: Ayşen
authors: A
authors: Akinci
authors: Zafer
authors: Z
authors: Hasçelik
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004568:Electrodiagnosis / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D012372:ROC Curve; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*