On the origin of the term "stem cell".
Stem cells have fascinated both biologists and clinicians for over a century. Here, we discuss the origin of the term "stem cell," which can be traced back to the late 19th century. The term stem cell originated in the context of two major embryological questions of that time: the continuity of the germ-plasm and the origin of the hematopoietic system. Theodor Boveri and Valentin Häcker used the term stem cell to describe cells committed to give rise to the germline. In parallel, Artur Pappenheim, Alexander Maximow, Ernst Neumann, and others used it to describe a proposed progenitor of the blood system. The original meanings of the term stem cell, rather than being historical relics, continue to capture important aspects of the biology of stem cells as we see them today.
Ramalho-Santos
Miguel
M
Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143. Electronic address: mrsantos@diabetes.ucsf.edu.
Willenbring
Holger
H
Institute for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.
D005854:Germ Cells; D006410:Hematopoiesis; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000145:classification; D009626:Terminology as Topic