title: Sleep patterns of urban school-going adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents of different high school Grades in urban India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based school survey in an urban setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  School going adolescents from 9th to 12th Grades.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,920 adolescents aged 12-18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to sleep habits. Each question was explained to the participants and their responses were noted. Outcome parameters were total sleep time in a day, time to go to bed and wake up-time, sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings (duration, frequency per night and nights per week), wake-time after sleep onset, wake time after sleep offset, sleep efficiency, quality of sleep, daytime napping (duration and frequency), and sleepiness during the day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the adolescents included in this study was 15.1 years and mean total sleep time was 7.8 hr/day. Adolescents of higher Grades had lesser total sleep time (9th=8 hours; 10th=7.7 hours; 11th=7.9 hours; 12th=7.6 hours; P=0.001), and more frequent nocturnal awakenings (9th=35.9%; 10th=44.7%; 11th=40.3%; 12th=28.3%; P=0.001). Daytime leg pain ( 9th=14.4%; 10th=18.4%; 11th=6.1%; 12th= 21.8%; P=0.01), daytime napping (9th=47.6%; 10th=50.4%; 11th=61.8%; 12th=69.8%; P=0.001), and daytime sleepiness (9th=37.2%; 10th=39.1%; 11th=39.7%; 12th=54.2%; P=0.001) increased progressively among higher Grades. Adolescents in higher Grades were more prone to not follow their weekly schedule on week-ends (P= 0.001). Sleep debt of approximately one hour per day was seen in all adolescents, and progressed with higher Grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents of higher Grades had lesser sleep time, and frequent awakenings; suffered daytime leg pain, and felt sleepy during the day. These factors suggest increasing sleep deprivation among higher Graders.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Gupta
authors: Manjeet Singh
authors: MS
authors: Bhatia
authors: Vishal
authors: V
authors: Chhabra
authors: Sameer
authors: S
authors: Sharma
authors: Davinder
authors: D
authors: Dahiya
authors: Kapil
authors: K
authors: Semalti
authors: Rahul
authors: R
authors: Sapra
authors: Ramanpreet Singh
authors: RS
authors: Dua
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population