title: Netrin-1 expression confers a selective advantage for tumor cell survival in metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: Netrin-1, an axon navigation cue was proposed to play a crucial role during colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis. The netrin-1 receptors DCC and UNC5H were shown to belong to the family of dependence receptors that share the ability to induce apoptosis in the absence of their ligands. Such a trait confers on these receptors a tumor suppressor activity. Expression of one of these dependence receptors at the surface of a tumor cell is indeed speculated to render this cell dependent on ligand availability for its survival, hence inhibiting uncontrolled cell proliferation or metastasis. Consequently, it is a selective advantage for a tumor cell to lose this dependence receptor activity, as previously described with losses of DCC and UNC5H expression in human cancers. However, the model predicts that a similar advantage may be obtained by gaining autocrine expression of the ligand. We describe here that, unlike human nonmetastatic breast tumors, a large fraction of metastatic breast cancers overexpress netrin-1. Moreover, we show that netrin-1-expressing mammary metastatic tumor cell lines undergo apoptosis when netrin-1 expression is experimentally decreased or when decoy soluble receptor ectodomains are added. Such treatments prevent metastasis formation both in a syngenic mouse model of lung colonization of a mammary cancer cell line and in a model of spontaneous lung metastasis of xenografted human breast tumor. Thus, netrin-1 expression observed in a large fraction of human metastatic breast tumors confers a selective advantage for tumor cell survival and potentially represents a promising target for alternative anticancer therapeutic strategies.
authors: Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory-Equipe Labellisée "La Ligue," Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5238, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon 69008 Lyon, France.
authors: Julien
authors: J
authors: Fitamant
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Guenebeaud
authors: Marie-May
authors: MM
authors: Coissieux
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Guix
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Treilleux
authors: Jean-Yves
authors: JY
authors: Scoazec
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Bachelot
authors: Agnès
authors: A
authors: Bernet
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Mehlen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075388:Netrin-1; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000617351:NTN1 protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; C000617353:Ntn1 protein, mouse; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000075388:Netrin-1