title: Superficial bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs: two case reports and review of the literature.
abstract: Bladder cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with mortality related predominantly to metastasis. Approximately 70% of newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer represent superficial disease that, despite a high risk of local recurrence, rarely progress to invasive or metastatic disease. The present cases demonstrate isolated pulmonary metastases associated with low-grade superficial bladder cancer, without previous evidence of muscle-invasive disease. Distant spread of low-grade superficial tumors is extremely unusual, and we review the literature and discuss the management of this rare entity.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Dougherty
authors: Victoria K
authors: VK
authors: Gonsorcik
authors: Lewis E
authors: LE
authors: Harpster
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Trussell
authors: Joseph J
authors: JJ
authors: Drabick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*