title: Morphine in the management of dyspnoea in ALS. A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of morphine in the management of dyspnoea in patients with terminal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A further aim was to assess the effect of morphine on ventilation and the potential diminishing effect of nasal O(2)-insufflation preceding morphine administration on the intensity of dyspnoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six dyspnoeic ALS patients were included in a prospective, non-randomized study. The intensity of dyspnoea was measured with a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS 0-10). Transcutaneous carbon dioxide partial pressure (tcpaCO(2)), oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and pulse frequency were continuously monitored during the nasal insufflation of O(2) preceding the first morphine dose and also afterwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant decrease was seen in both respiratory rate (from 42.0 +/- 6.0/min to 29.0 +/- 4.0) (P = 0.027) and the intensity of dyspnoea (from 7.5 +/- 1.9 to 1.8 +/- 0.8) (P = 0.027) 120 min after the morphine administration. Neither a significant tcpaCO(2) increase nor a SaO(2) decrease were seen. O(2)-insufflation did not significantly decrease the intensity of dyspnoea. The anxiety of choking correlated highly significantly with the intensity of dyspnoea (r = 0.861, P = 0.028) in all patients. There were no cases of respiratory depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic doses of morphine were effective and safe in the management of dyspnoea in ALS patients.
authors: Department of Science and Research, Centre for Palliative Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany. katri-elina.clemens@malteser.de
authors: K E
authors: KE
authors: Clemens
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Klaschik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods*; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous / Q000379:methods; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D009020:Morphine