title: Computer aids and human second reading as interventions in screening mammography: two systematic reviews to compare effects on cancer detection and recall rate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are two competing methods for improving the accuracy of a radiologist interpreting screening mammograms: computer aids (CAD) or independent second reading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bibliographic databases were searched for clinical trials. Meta-analyses estimated impacts of CAD and double reading on odds ratios for cancer detection and recall rates. Sub-group analyses considered double reading with arbitration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies compared single reading with CAD to single reading. Seventeen compared double to single reading. Double reading increases cancer detection and recall rates. Double reading with arbitration increases detection rate (confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.15) and decreases recall rate (CI: 0.92, 0.96). CAD does not have a significant effect on cancer detection rate (CI: 0.96, 1.13) and increases recall rate (95% CI: 1.09, 1.12). However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the impact on recall rate in both sets of studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence that double reading with arbitration enhances screening is stronger than that for single reading with CAD.
authors: Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education, University College London, Archway Campus, Highgate Hill, London N19 5LW, United Kingdom. p.taylor@chime.ucl.ac.uk
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Taylor
authors: Henry W W
authors: HW
authors: Potts
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D011939:Mental Recall; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards*; D011932:Reading