title: Uptake of cadmium from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in British Columbia oyster growers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pacific oysters along the North American coast from Washington to Alaska contain concentrations of cadmium (Cd) that are high by comparison with Atlantic oysters, frequently exceeding 2mug/g wet weight, but it is unclear whether this Cd is absorbed by consumers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of oyster consumption on Cd in blood and urine among a group with high oyster consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one non-smoking oyster growers and family members with a mean age of 47.3+/-7.6 years (range 33-64) were interviewed by telephone to assess their oyster consumption and other sources of Cd exposure at present and 5 years prior to the start of oyster farming. Their blood and urine Cd concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean Cd concentration in blood was 0.83mug/L and in urine was 0.76mug/g creatinine. Thirty-six percent of participants had urinary Cd levels above 1mug/g creatinine and 5% were above 2mug/g creatinine. Recent (last 12 months) and long-term oyster consumptions were positive predictors of blood Cd but did not directly predict urinary Cd. The optimal model for predicting the variance in blood Cd included recent intake of oyster-derived Cd, serum iron concentration and recent ketchup consumption (R(2)=0.34, p=0.00004), with the latter two variables showing a protective effect. The factors found to predict urinary Cd were blood Cd concentration and duration of oyster farming. A rise in blood Cd was observed after 12 years of farming oysters, likely caused by higher consumption of oysters during this period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oyster-derived Cd is bioavailable and affects body stores of the metal.
authors: BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada. ray.copes@bccdc.ca
authors: Ray
authors: R
authors: Copes
authors: Nina Annika
authors: NA
authors: Clark
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Rideout
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Palaty
authors: Kay
authors: K
authors: Teschke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001955:British Columbia; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D049896:Crassostrea; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012758:Shellfish
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium