title: [Influence of size and duration of gynecomastia on its response to treatment with tamoxifen].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gynecomastia is treated when it is painful, there are psychosocial repercussions or it does not revert in less than two years. It is treated with the antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen, but there are doubts about its effectiveness in high volume gynecomastias or in those lasting more than two years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness and safety of tamoxifen for gynecomastia and the influence of its volume and duration on the response to treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty three patients with gynecomastia, aged 12 to 62 years, were studied. Twenty seven patients had a pubertal physiological gynecomastia, in eight it was caused by medications, in four it was secondary to hypogonadism, in three it was idiopathic and in one it was due to toxic exposure. Twenty patients had mastodynia and in 33, gynecomastia had a diameter over 4 cm. It lasted less than two years in 30 patients, more than two years in nine and four did not recall its duration. All were treated with tamoxifen 20 mg/day for 6 months. A follow up evaluation was performed at three and six months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mastodynia disappeared in all patients at three months. At six months gynecomastia disappeared in 26 patients (62%), but relapsed in 27%. All gynecomastias caused by drugs with antiandrogen activity disappeared. Fifty two percent of gynecomastias over 4 cm and 90% of those of less than 4 cm in diameter disappeared (p<0.05). Fifty six percent of gynecomastias lasting more than two years and 70% of those of a shorter duration disappeared (p=NS). Two patients had diarrhea or flushes associated to the therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tamoxifen is safe and effective for the treatment of gynecomastia. Larger lesions have a lower response to treatment.
authors: Sección Endocrinología, Servicio de Medicina, Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán, Santiago, Chile. edevoto@vtr.net
authors: Enzo
authors: E
authors: Devoto C
authors: Marcia
authors: M
authors: Madariaga A
authors: Ximena
authors: X
authors: Lioi C
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Mardones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D013629:Tamoxifen