The dynamics of human body weight change.
An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure will lead to a change in body weight (mass) and body composition (fat and lean masses). A quantitative understanding of the processes involved, which currently remains lacking, will be useful in determining the etiology and treatment of obesity and other conditions resulting from prolonged energy imbalance. Here, we show that a mathematical model of the macronutrient flux balances can capture the long-term dynamics of human weight change; all previous models are special cases of this model. We show that the generic dynamic behavior of body composition for a clamped diet can be divided into two classes. In the first class, the body composition and mass are determined uniquely. In the second class, the body composition can exist at an infinite number of possible states. Surprisingly, perturbations of dietary energy intake or energy expenditure can give identical responses in both model classes, and existing data are insufficient to distinguish between these two possibilities. Nevertheless, this distinction has important implications for the efficacy of clinical interventions that alter body composition and mass.
Chow
Carson C
CC
Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America. carsonc@mail.nih.gov
Hall
Kevin D
KD
D001823:Body Composition; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*