title: Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: implication of VEGF as a critical stimulator.
abstract: Macular edema is a major cause of vision loss in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). It is not clear how much of the edema is due to hydrodynamic changes from the obstruction and how much is due to chemical mediators. Patients with macular edema due to CRVO (n = 20) or BRVO (n = 20) were randomized to receive three monthly injections of 0.3 or 0.5 mg of ranibizumab. At the primary endpoint, month 3, the median improvement in letters read at 4 m was 17 in the 0.3-mg group and 14 in the 0.5-mg group for CRVO, and 10 and 18, respectively for the BRVO group. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that compared to injections of 0.3 mg, injections of 0.5 mg of ranibizumab tended to cause more rapid reductions of central retinal thickening that lasted longer between injections, but in 3 months, excess central retinal thickening which is a quantitative assessment of the macular edema, was reduced by approximately 90% in all four treatment groups. There was no correlation between the amount of improvement and duration of disease or patient age at baseline, but there was some correlation between the aqueous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level at baseline and amount of improvement. These data indicate that excess production of VEGF in the retinas of patients with CRVO or BRVO is a major contributor to macular edema and suggest that additional studies investigating the efficacy of intraocular injections of ranibizumab are needed.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9277, USA. pcampo@jhmi.edu
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Campochiaro
authors: Gulnar
authors: G
authors: Hafiz
authors: Syed Mahmood
authors: SM
authors: Shah
authors: Quan Dong
authors: QD
authors: Nguyen
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Ying
authors: Diana V
authors: DV
authors: Do
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Quinlan
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Zimmer-Galler
authors: Julia A
authors: JA
authors: Haller
authors: Sharon D
authors: SD
authors: Solomon
authors: Jennifer U
authors: JU
authors: Sung
authors: Yasmin
authors: Y
authors: Hadi
authors: Kashif A
authors: KA
authors: Janjua
authors: Nida
authors: N
authors: Jawed
authors: David F
authors: DF
authors: Choy
authors: Joseph R
authors: JR
authors: Arron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000069579:Ranibizumab