title: Predictors of mucoid Pseudomonas colonization in cystic fibrosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the airway in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients can determine prognosis. Understanding the risk factors of mucoid P. aeruginosa acquisition may change how we deliver care. This study aims to evaluate whether presence of risk factors reported to predict disease severity including gender, CFTR genotype, bacterial organisms in airway cultures, and serum levels of vitamins A and E, albumin, C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and immunoglobulins increased the risk of mucoid P. aeruginosa acquisition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary endpoint was age at first transition from negative to positive culture for mucoid P. aeruginosa. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates examined development of mucoid P. aeruginosa infection and its association with longitudinally measured serum biomarkers, pulmonary function, and culture results for other organisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median ages at CF diagnosis and at first culture were 0.55 and 5.7 years, respectively. Median number of cultures/patient was 17. Of the 323 subjects, 150 developed mucoid P. aeruginosa during a median 8.1 years' follow-up. In multivariate analysis, gender (relative hazard [RH] 0.55 for male vs. female, P = 0.001), number of DF508 alleles (RH 1.66 for 1 or 2 vs. 0, P = 0.04), FEV(1) % (RH 1.16 for 10% decrease, P = 0.008), and most recent Staphylococcus aureus status (RH 0.24 for positive vs. negative, P < 0.0001) remained statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female gender, number of DF508 alleles, decreased lung function, and lack of S. aureus on recent sputum culture are important risk factors for early detection of mucoid P. aeruginosa.
authors: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. hlevy@mcw.edu
authors: Hara
authors: H
authors: Levy
authors: Leslie A
authors: LA
authors: Kalish
authors: Carolyn L
authors: CL
authors: Cannon
authors: K Christopher
authors: KC
authors: García
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Gerard
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Goldmann
authors: Gerald B
authors: GB
authors: Pier
authors: Scott T
authors: ST
authors: Weiss
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Colin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator