title: Slow- and fast-twitch rat hind limb skeletal muscle phenotypes 8 months after spinal cord transection and olfactory ensheathing glia transplantation.
abstract: Paralysed skeletal muscle of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoes atrophy and a switch in gene expression pattern which leads to faster, more fatigable phenotypes. Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) transplants have been reported to promote axonal regeneration and to restore sensory-motor function in animals with SCI. We hypothesized that OEG transplants could attenuate skeletal muscle phenotypic deterioration and that this effect could underlie the functional recovery observed in behavioural tests. A variety of morphological, metabolic and molecular markers were assessed in soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of spinal cord transected (SCT), OEG-transplanted rats 8 months after the intervention and compared with non-transplanted SCT rats and sham-operated (without SCT) controls (C). A multivariate analysis encompassing all the parameters indicated that OEG-transplanted rats displayed skeletal muscle phenotypes intermediate between non-transplanted and sham-operated controls, but different from both. A high correlation was observed between behaviourally tested sensory-motor functional capacity and expression level of slow- and fast-twitch hind limb skeletal muscle phenotypic markers, particularly the histochemical glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (-0.843, P < 0.0001) and the fraction of variant 2s of the slow regulatory myosin light chain isoform (0.848, P < 0.0001) in SOL. Despite the mean overall effect of OEG transplants in patterning skeletal muscle protein expression towards normal, in 6 out of 9 animals they appeared insufficient to overcome fibre type switching and to support a consistent and generalized long-term maintenance of normal skeletal muscle characteristics. The interplay of OEG and exercise-mediated neurotrophic actions is a plausible mechanism underlying OEG transplantation effects on paralysed skeletal muscle.
authors: Centre of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Autonomous University of Madrid, E-28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Negredo
authors: José-Luis L
authors: JL
authors: Rivero
authors: Beatriz
authors: B
authors: González
authors: Almudena
authors: A
authors: Ramón-Cueto
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Manso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*