title: Freon: accidental ingestion and gastric perforation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Freons generally have a low order of toxicity, but exposure to relatively high concentrations (>100 ppm) may produce adverse effects on health. Currently, intoxication reports are unintentional inhalation of CFCs. We report an unintentional ingestion of a mixture of CFCs and the results of a rat study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 43-year-old man was admitted to the Emergency Department with a chief complaint of acute abdominal pain that developed minutes after he ingested a clear liquid in a water glass, which contained a mixture of Freon and water. Subsequent surgical evaluation revealed perforation of the stomach and necrosis of the stomach wall. He developed a transient rise in his hepatic transaminases, which resolved spontaneously, and fully recovered from his surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A murine model of the injury was created to evaluate threshold concentration and effect of time on injury grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injury grade increased with delay to histologic analysis from 8 to 24 hours after exposure to Freon. Increasing amounts of Freon also increased the lesion grade score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients ingesting Freon need to be closely evaluated for risk of gastric damage and perforation.
authors: Centro de Investigaciones Toxicológicas, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors: Mariano Javier
authors: MJ
authors: Gotelli
authors: Alberto Juan
authors: AJ
authors: Monserrat
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Lo Balbo
authors: Eduardo Fernando
authors: EF
authors: Valdes Quintana
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Gotelli
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000506:poisoning*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D013275:Stomach Rupture / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane