title: Sex disparities in the treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether sex differences exist in the effective control and medication treatment intensity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis including 44,893 patients with type 2 diabetes (51% women). End points included uncontrolled CVD risk factors (LDL cholesterol > or =130 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure [SBP] > or =140 mmHg, and A1C > or =8%) and the intensity of medical management in patients with uncontrolled CVD risk factors. Multiple-adjusted odds ratios were calculated after stratification for the presence of CVD (present in 39% of the patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with CVD were less likely to have SBP, LDL cholesterol, and A1C controlled and less likely to receive intensive lipid-lowering treatment. Women without CVD were less likely than men to have LDL cholesterol controlled with no differences in SBP or A1C control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with diabetes and CVD have poorer control of important modifiable risk factors than men and receive less intensified lipid-lowering treatment.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. ioanna.berthold@uni-koeln.de
authors: Ioanna
authors: I
authors: Gouni-Berthold
authors: Heiner K
authors: HK
authors: Berthold
authors: Christos S
authors: CS
authors: Mantzoros
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Böhm
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Krone
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013599:Systole
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents