title: 3D characterization of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using tensor-based morphometry.
abstract: Tensor-based morphometry (TBM) creates three-dimensional maps of disease-related differences in brain structure, based on nonlinearly registering brain MRI scans to a common image template. Using two different TBM designs (averaging individual differences versus aligning group average templates), we compared the anatomical distribution of brain atrophy in 40 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 40 healthy elderly controls, and 40 individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a condition conferring increased risk for AD. We created an unbiased geometrical average image template for each of the three groups, which were matched for sex and age (mean age: 76.1 years+/-7.7 SD). We warped each individual brain image (N=120) to the control group average template to create Jacobian maps, which show the local expansion or compression factor at each point in the image, reflecting individual volumetric differences. Statistical maps of group differences revealed widespread medial temporal and limbic atrophy in AD, with a lesser, more restricted distribution in MCI. Atrophy and CSF space expansion both correlated strongly with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Using cumulative p-value plots, we investigated how detection sensitivity was influenced by the sample size, the choice of search region (whole brain, temporal lobe, hippocampus), the initial linear registration method (9- versus 12-parameter), and the type of TBM design. In the future, TBM may help to (1) identify factors that resist or accelerate the disease process, and (2) measure disease burden in treatment trials.
authors: Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 225E, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
authors: Xue
authors: X
authors: Hua
authors: Alex D
authors: AD
authors: Leow
authors: Suh
authors: S
authors: Lee
authors: Andrea D
authors: AD
authors: Klunder
authors: Arthur W
authors: AW
authors: Toga
authors: Natasha
authors: N
authors: Lepore
authors: Yi-Yu
authors: YY
authors: Chou
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Brun
authors: Ming-Chang
authors: MC
authors: Chiang
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Barysheva
authors: Clifford R
authors: CR
authors: Jack
authors: Matt A
authors: MA
authors: Bernstein
authors: Paula J
authors: PJ
authors: Britson
authors: Chadwick P
authors: CP
authors: Ward
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Whitwell
authors: Bret
authors: B
authors: Borowski
authors: Adam S
authors: AS
authors: Fleisher
authors: Nick C
authors: NC
authors: Fox
authors: Richard G
authors: RG
authors: Boyes
authors: Josephine
authors: J
authors: Barnes
authors: Danielle
authors: D
authors: Harvey
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Kornak
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Schuff
authors: Lauren
authors: L
authors: Boreta
authors: Gene E
authors: GE
authors: Alexander
authors: Michael W
authors: MW
authors: Weiner
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales