Lipoprotein particle distribution and size, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in Alaska Eskimos: the GOCADAN study.
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance (IR) may be a main determinant of this dyslipidemia.


OBJECTIVE
To determine how lipoprotein particle concentration and size are related to MS and IR in a population-based sample of Alaska Eskimos.


METHODS
Participants underwent a physical exam, personal interview, collection of biological specimens, and diagnostic tests.


METHODS
This study was conducted in the Norton Sound region of Alaska.


METHODS
One thousand one hundred fifty-eight Inupiat Eskimo adults (women=653, men=505).


METHODS
Lipoprotein particle profile was evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and related to presence of MS and level of IR.


RESULTS
Participants with MS had (a) significantly higher concentrations of all VLDLs and a larger VLDL size (women, p=0.007; men, p=0.0001); (b) higher concentrations of small LDL (women, p<0.0001; men, p=0.09) and lower concentrations of large LDL (women, p<0.0001), leading to a smaller overall LDL size (women, p<0.0001; men, p<0.05); (c) significantly lower concentrations of large HDL (both genders, p<0.0001) and an increase in intermediate (women, p<0.05) and small HDL (women, p<0.0001; men, p<0.004). Lipoprotein profile with increasing HOMA-IR resembled that of individuals with MS.


CONCLUSIONS
In this population MS is characterized by lipoprotein distribution and size abnormalities independent of obesity, age, and other cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid concentration. IR seems the major determinant.
Rivellese
Angela A
AA
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy. rivelles@unina.it
Patti
Lidia
L
Kaufman
David
D
Zhu
Jianhui
J
Annuzzi
Giovanni
G
Vaccaro
Olga
O
Ebbesson
Sven O
SO
Howard
Wm James
WJ
Riccardi
Gabriele
G
Howard
Barbara V
BV
D000328:Adult; D000413:Alaska; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors
D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D005947:Glucose