title: Depression and anxiety associated with cardiovascular disease among persons aged 45 years and older in 38 states of the United States, 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the close association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with depression and anxiety in US non-institutionalized adults and examine the sociodemographic correlates of depression and anxiety among CVD survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were obtained from 38 states which administered an Anxiety and Depression Module as part of the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. CVD was assessed with three questions on coronary heart disease and stroke. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were obtained after adjustment for demographic characteristics using SUDAAN 9.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of a CVD history was 15.3% among studied population (sample size n=129,499). Persons with a CVD history were more likely than those without to experience current depression (15.8% versus 7.1%, APR [95% CI]=1.69 [1.54-1.85]), to have a lifetime diagnosis of depressive disorders (22.3% versus 15.1%, APR [95% CI]=1.56 [1.45-1.67]) or anxiety disorders (16.6% versus 10.0%, APR [95% CI]=1.46 [1.37-1.54]). CVD survivors with low education attainment or minority background were less likely to receive a diagnosis of depression though their experience of depression was comparable with or higher than their counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD is associated significantly with depression and anxiety. Disparities exist among CVD survivors on the diagnosis of depression and anxiety.
authors: Behavioral Surveillance Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. afan@cdc.gov
authors: Amy Z
authors: AZ
authors: Fan
authors: Tara W
authors: TW
authors: Strine
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Jiles
authors: Ali H
authors: AH
authors: Mokdad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology