title: Paternal X could relate to arithmetic function; study of cognitive function and parental origin of X chromosome in Turner syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  45,X Turner syndrome (TS) female subjects have visuospatial skill and social cognition deficits that may arise from X-linked imprinting. The aim of the present study was to compare phenotypic characteristics and neurocognitive pattern of 12 monosomic TS girls, according to X-linked imprinting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsatellite markers were used to determine the parental origin of the missing chromosome X. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was administered as measures of general intellectual functioning. The results were compared in TS patients with maternally derived X chromosome (Xm) and paternally derived X chromosome (Xp).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six out of 12 patients (50%) had Xm, and the other six (50%) had Xp chromosome. There was no difference in the total, verbal and performance IQ score between the TS subgroups with Xm and Xp. When the WISC-R subtest score patterns were compared, the mean arithmetic scores were significantly poorer in the Xm TS than in the Xp TS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In monosomic TS cases, paternal imprinting may predict arithmetic ability, on the other hand, reductionist consideration defined by genetic imprinting is not sufficient to confirm this. Further studies should be undertaken to clarify this situation.
authors: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. aycaergur@superonline.com
authors: Ayça T
authors: AT
authors: Ergür
authors: Gönül
authors: G
authors: Ocal
authors: Merih
authors: M
authors: Berberoglu
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Tekin
authors: Birim G
authors: BG
authors: Kiliç
authors: Zehra
authors: Z
authors: Aycan
authors: Alev
authors: A
authors: Kutlu
authors: Pelin
authors: P
authors: Adiyaman
authors: Zeynep
authors: Z
authors: Siklar
authors: Nejat
authors: N
authors: Akar
authors: Aynur
authors: A
authors: Sahin
authors: Duygu
authors: D
authors: Akçayöz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D050172:Genes, X-Linked / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*