Measurement of electron clouds in large accelerators by microwave dispersion.
Clouds of low energy electrons in the vacuum beam pipes of accelerators of positively charged particle beams present a serious limitation for operation at high currents. Furthermore, it is difficult to probe their density over substantial lengths of the beam pipe. We have developed a novel technique to directly measure the electron cloud density via the phase shift induced in a TE wave transmitted over a section of the accelerator and used it to measure the average electron cloud density over a 50 m section in the positron ring of the PEP-II collider at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
De Santis
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Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Byrd
J M
JM
Caspers
F
F
Krasnykh
A
A
Kroyer
T
T
Pivi
M T F
MT
Sonnad
K G
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