title: Deferred urgency carotid artery stenting in symptomatic patients: clinical lessons and biomarker patterns from a prospective registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective observational registry was to study the outcome of symptomatic patients presenting with recent TIA or minor stroke and severe carotid stenosis, submitted to early percutaneous treatment by stenting. A secondary aim was to evaluate the biological activity of the symptomatic carotid plaques by serial serum and urinary markers (PAPP-A, hs-CRP, MMP-2/MMP-9, IL-6/IL-8, TNF alpha, CD40L) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 2005 to June 2006, 57 patients were enrolled in this prospective registry. All patients underwent carotid stenting using a concentric filter for cerebral protection. The procedure was performed within 24-48hrs of the last attack in patients with TIA (n=24, 42%) and between 14 and 30 days in patients with stroke (n=33, 58%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful stent implantation was achieved in all cases (100%). Adverse events at 1 month were 1 death (1.7%) and 2 TIAs (3.5%). Some of the vulnerability markers, in particular those reflecting an active systemic inflammatory process of the plaque (PAPP-A, hs-CR, and IL-6), were significantly elevated at the time of enrolment, increased after stenting and decreased after 30 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deferred CAS is feasible and safe in selected patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. This preliminary study in a limited series of patients with unstable carotid plaques revealed that endovascular treatment has a satisfactory outcome considering the very high risk profile of the patient population. The evaluation of some biomarkers suggested an inflammatory role in the process of an unstable carotid plaque generating an acute cerebral event.
authors: Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit - University of Siena, Siena, Italy. setacci@unisi.it
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Setacci
authors: G
authors: G
authors: de Donato
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Chisci
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Setacci
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Stella
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Faggioli
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Reimers
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Cernetti
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Lopera Quijada
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Cappi
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Sangiorgi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9