[Effect of Velcade on the gene expression profiles of K562 cells: study of its molecular mechanism].
OBJECTIVE
To analyze alterations in the gene expression profiles of Velcade-treated K562 cells using bioinformatics methods.


METHODS
The total RNAs of Velcade-treated and control K562 cells were amplified and labeled with fluorescent dyes. The labeled RNAs were hybridized to Agilent Human 1A Microarray, and the raw expression data were processed with Agilent Feature Extraction Software. GeneSifter and GATHER were used for data analysis of the differentially expressed genes to perform gene ontology classification, KEGG pathway analysis, functional protein association network construction and literature mining.


RESULTS
Totally 228 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Velcade-treated K562 cells. including 84 up-regulated and 144 down-regulated genes. Chymase 1 gene had the greatest down-regulation by 10.80 folds (log ratio), and interferon alpha-21 gene was also down-regulated by 2.31 folds. Gene ontology classification suggested enhanced aging and leukocyte activity. KEGG pathway analysis showed significant impact of Velcade on JAK-STAT signaling pathway, cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells, and antigen processing and presentation pathways. Protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism, antigen presentation and immune response, as well as JAK-STAT signaling pathway were the major elements of the protein network. Literature mining showed that the differentially expressed genes were strongly associated with terms such as leukemia, apoptosis, cell cycle, proteasome, inhibitor, aging and IkappaB, etc.


CONCLUSIONS
Velcade may inhibit the cell survival pathways such as NF-kappaB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways to enhance the cytotoxicity and inducing tumor cell apoptosis. Velcade might also be involved in antigen processing and presentation, immune response and inflammation. Chymase 1 gene is probably the key target of Velcade.
Liao
Zhi-jun
ZJ
Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. liaozj100@163.com
Ma
Wen-li
WL
Meng
Wei
W
Liang
Shuang
S
Meng
Fan-yi
FY
Zheng
Wen-ling
WL
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D053818:Chymases / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; D053818:Chymases