title: Doxycycline sclerotherapy as primary treatment of head and neck lymphatic malformations in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report their experience with doxycycline sclerotherapy as primary treatment of head and neck lymphatic malformations (LMs) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was used to collect data on 11 patients treated with doxycycline sclerotherapy for LMs of the head and neck at our institution since 2003. Radiographic imaging allowed classification of patient LM as macrocystic, microcystic, or mixed according to previously published guidelines. Only patients with macrocystic or mixed lesions were offered doxycycline sclerotherapy. Radiographic imaging and physical examination were used to determine efficacy of treatment. After each treatment, the clinical and radiographic response was characterized as excellent (> or = 95% decrease in lesion size), satisfactory (> or = 50% decrease in volume and asymptomatic), or poor (< 50% decrease in volume or symptomatic).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients underwent a total of 23 sclerotherapies with an average of 2 treatments per patient (range, 1-4). All 7 patients with macrocystic lesions achieved complete clinical resolution with an average radiographic resolution of 93%. The 4 patients with mixed lesions achieved only partial clinical resolution and an average of 73% radiographic resolution. No patient experienced any adverse effects related to the treatment. At a median follow-up of 8 months, 2 patients (18%) experienced lesion recurrence in the setting of concomitant infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Doxycycline sclerotherapy is safe and effective as a primary treatment modality for macrocystic and mixed LMs of the head and neck in the pediatric population.
authors: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors: Deepika
authors: D
authors: Nehra
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Jacobson
authors: Pat
authors: P
authors: Barnes
authors: Baird
authors: B
authors: Mallory
authors: Craig T
authors: CT
authors: Albanese
authors: Karl G
authors: KG
authors: Sylvester
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D010808:Physical Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004318:Doxycycline