title: Comparison of nebulized epinephrine to albuterol in bronchiolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of nebulized racemic epinephrine to nebulized racemic albuterol on successful discharge from the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Children up to their 18th month of life presenting to two teaching hospital EDs with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis who were ill enough to warrant treatment but did not need immediate intubation were eligible for this double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Patients received either three doses of racemic albuterol or one dose of racemic epinephrine plus two saline nebulizers. Disposition was decided 2 hours after the first nebulizer. Successful discharge was defined as not requiring additional bronchodilators in the ED after study drug administration and not subsequently admitted within 72 hours. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) were estimated using the modified Poisson regression with successful discharge as the dependent variable and study drug and severity of illness as exposures. Secondary analysis was performed for patients aged less than 12 months and first presentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors analyzed 703 patients; 352 patients were given albuterol and 351 epinephrine. A total of 173 in the albuterol group and 160 in the epinephrine group were successfully discharged (crude RR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 1.26). When adjusted for severity of illness, patients who received albuterol were significantly more likely than patients receiving epinephrine to be successfully discharged (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.36). This was also true among those with first presentation and in those less than 12 months of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children up to the 18th month of life, ED treatment of bronchiolitis with nebulized racemic albuterol led to more successful discharges than nebulized epinephrine.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, CA, USA. yousentwhohome@gmail.com
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Walsh
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Caldwell
authors: Kemedy K
authors: KK
authors: McQuillan
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Friese
authors: Dale
authors: D
authors: Robbins
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Rothenberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D064705:Racepinephrine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D064705:Racepinephrine; D000420:Albuterol; D004837:Epinephrine