The effects of oral ondansetron disintegrating tablets for prevention of at-home emesis in pediatric patients after ear-nose-throat surgery.
BACKGROUND
Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are associated with a frequent incidence of vomiting, both in the hospital and at home. We evaluated the effects of oral ondansetron disintegrating tablets (ODT) on the incidence of at-home emesis in children undergoing tonsillectomy with and without adenoidectomy and with and without bilateral myringotomy and tube insertion.


METHODS
All patients underwent inhaled mask induction with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and sevoflurane. Morphine, dexamethasone, and ondansetron were administered to all patients intraoperatively. Postoperative pain was treated with fentanyl or acetaminophen with codeine. Rescue antiemetics in the postanesthesia care unit or same day surgery unit were administered for three emetic episodes within 15 min, or upon patient or parent request. Patients were randomized for at-home administration of five doses of either ondansetron ODT or a placebo. All patients were followed for the first 3 days after surgery. At-home emesis was the primary outcome variable.


RESULTS
Two hundred and twenty-one patients were entered into the study, yielding 200 evaluable subjects. At-home emesis occurred in 15 (14.5%) of the 103 children who received ODT, and 31 (32%) of the 97 children in the placebo group, P = 0.004. Subgroup analysis demonstrated efficacy in patients who did not require rescue medication for nausea and vomiting while in the hospital, but did not demonstrate efficacy for patients who required rescue medication.


CONCLUSIONS
At-home use of ODT may prevent emesis in children during the first 3 days after tonsillectomy in children. Patients who require rescue after prophylactic treatment for nausea and vomiting in the hospital may not respond to prophylactic ondansatron ODT at home.
Davis
Peter J
PJ
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3705 Fifth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. davispj@anes.upmc.edu
Fertal
Kathleen M
KM
Boretsky
Karen R
KR
Fedel
Gina M
GM
Ingram
Michael D
MD
Woelfel
Susan K
SK
Hoffmann
Paul C
PC
Gurnaney
Harshad
H
Young
Michael C
MC
D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000379:methods; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013607:Tablets; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000379:methods; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
D000932:Antiemetics; D010919:Placebos; D013607:Tablets; D017294:Ondansetron