title: Association of analgesic use with prevalence of albuminuria and reduced GFR in US adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged analgesic consumption may adversely affect kidney function. The relation of long-term analgesic use to markers of decreased kidney function has not been investigated in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1999-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noninstitutionalized residents at least 20 years old (n = 8,057, representing 177.8 million adults).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ever intake of an analgesic every day for at least a month defined habitual analgesic use, classified by product (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and selected prescription drugs) and years of use (<1, 1 to 5, and >5 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albuminuria in random urine (albumin-creatinine ratio >or= 30 mg/g; n = 1,088) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2), n = 852) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation and the composite of either.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-standardized prevalence in habitual analgesic users and non-habitual analgesic users and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In US adults, 23.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 25.6) reported habitual analgesic use. Multivariable-adjusted ORs for reduced eGFR prevalence in adults with habitual analgesic use of acetaminophen only, ibuprofen only, and aspirin only were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.7), 1.21 (95% CI, 0.7 to 2.1), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2) compared with non-habitual analgesic use, respectively. Corresponding ORs for prevalent albuminuria were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.3), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.2), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2). Association measures had intermediate levels for the composite marker of decreased kidney function and were not significant. No association between prevalent outcomes and habitual analgesic exposure duration of 5 years or longer or multiple product habitual analgesic consumption was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reliability of self-reported analgesic use behavior was not assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Habitual analgesic use of single or multiple products was not associated with increased prevalence of albuminuria or reduced eGFR.
authors: Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Disorders, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-5458, USA. agodoal@extra.niddk.nih.gov
authors: Lawrence Y
authors: LY
authors: Agodoa
authors: Mildred E
authors: ME
authors: Francis
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Eggers
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000082:Acetaminophen; D001241:Aspirin; D007052:Ibuprofen