title: Maintaining perioperative normothermia during laparoscopic and open urologic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability to maintain normothermia during surgical procedures is crucial for improvement of the quality of patient care and the outcome of the procedure. We tested the hypothesis of whether one warming protocol is able to maintain normothermic core temperatures equally well in major open and laparoscopic urologic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 300 patients who were scheduled for open (n=53) or laparoscopic (n=247) urologic procedures were included and received intraoperative warming using a combination of an upper and lower body forced-air warmer and a single warming blanket. Core temperature was measured at baseline, at induction of anesthesia, at the start of the operation, and at the end of the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement in core temperature during the operation was achieved in all patients (P<0.001). There was no difference in the end-of-operation core temperature between laparoscopic and open procedures: (36.29 degrees C+/-0.03 degrees C v 36.23 degrees C+/-0.06 degrees C; P=0.224). Further, 23.3% of all patients had a core temperature of lower than 36.0 degrees C at the end of the operation (laparoscopy 23.8% v open 26.6%). Linear regression analysis revealed a correlation between duration of the operation and intraoperative core temperature (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present warming protocol is effective in maintaining perioperative normothermia during major open and laparoscopic urologic procedures.
authors: Department of Urology, Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, University Medical School of Charité, Berlin, Germany. rhoda@ucsd.edu
authors: M Raschid
authors: MR
authors: Hoda
authors: Gralf
authors: G
authors: Popken
mesh_terms: D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001831:Body Temperature; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures