The roles and mechanisms of intestinal oxalate transport in oxalate homeostasis.
The mammalian intestine has an important role in the dynamics of oxalate exchange and thereby is significant in the etiology of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Here we review some of the phenomenologic observations that have led to the conclusion that anion exchangers (antiporters) are important mediators of secondarily active, net oxalate transport along the intestine (both absorptive and secretory). Understanding the mechanisms of transepithelial oxalate transport has been advanced radically in recent years by the identification of the solute-linked carrier (SLC)26 family of anion transporters, which has facilitated the identification of specific proteins mediating individual apical or basolateral oxalate transport pathways. Moreover, identification of specific exchangers has underscored their relative importance to oxalate homeostasis as revealed by using knockout mouse models and has facilitated studies of oxalate transport regulation in heterologous expression systems. Finally, the significance of oxalate degrading bacteria to oxalate homeostasis is considered from basic and applied perspectives.
Hatch
Marguerite
M
Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. hatchma@ufl.edu
Freel
Robert W
RW
D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D010070:Oxalates / Q000378:metabolism*; D020624:Oxalobacter formigenes / Q000378:metabolism
D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D017920:Antiporters; D010070:Oxalates