Contact density affects protein evolutionary rate from bacteria to animals.
The density of contacts or the fraction of buried sites in a protein structure is thought to be related to a protein's designability, and genes encoding more designable proteins should evolve faster than other genes. Several recent studies have tested this hypothesis but have found conflicting results. Here, we investigate how a gene's evolutionary rate is affected by its protein's contact density, considering the four species Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. We find for all four species that contact density correlates positively with evolutionary rate, and that these correlations do not seem to be confounded by gene expression level. The strength of this signal, however, varies widely among species. We also study the effect of contact density on domain evolution in multidomain proteins and find that a domain's contact density influences the domain's evolutionary rate. Within the same protein, a domain with higher contact density tends to evolve faster than a domain with lower contact density. Our study provides evidence that contact density can increase evolutionary rates, and that it acts similarly on the level of entire proteins and of individual protein domains.
Zhou
Tong
T
Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA.
Drummond
D Allan
DA
Wilke
Claus O
CO
D000818:Animals; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins