title: Risk of introducing viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) to the Chilean South Pacific via sardine imports from Europe.
abstract: Chile imports from Spain 100s of metric tons of frozen sardine Sardina pilchardus fished in European oceans, which, with several other clupeids, are presumed susceptible to infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The frozen sardines are directly introduced into the sea as bait to catch southern hake Merluccius australis in the same areas where wild and pen-raised salmonids are present. A simulation model was therefore developed to evaluate the potential risk of infection of wild Chilean southern hake with VHSV from imported bait. The model indicated that VHSV-susceptible fish species present in Chilean waters, like southern hake, are not at immediate risk of infection. However, sensitivity analyses showed that infectious doses at lower concentrations of VHSV combined with higher VHSV-prevalence import scenarios could likely result in VHSV infections of a moderate number of indigenous southern hake (> or =54 fish yr(-1)).
authors: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors: Luis Pablo
authors: LP
authors: Hervé-Claude
authors: Tim E
authors: TE
authors: Carpenter
authors: Ronald P
authors: RP
authors: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005060:Europe; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005398:Fisheries; D005399:Fishes / Q000821:virology*; D005615:Freezing; D029141:Novirhabdovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012306:Risk; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity