title: Transfusion-associated microchimerism in combat casualties.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fresh whole blood (FrWB) is routinely used in the resuscitation of combat casualties in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom. However, studies have shown high rates (20%-40%) of transfusion-associated microchimerism (TA-MC) in civilian trauma patients receiving allogenic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. We explored the incidence of TA-MC in combat casualties receiving FrWB compared with patients receiving standard stored RBC transfusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data on TA-MC at >or=14 days posttransfusion were collected on 26 severely injured combat casualties admitted to the National Naval Medical Center between December 2006 and March 2007. Demographic variables included age, sex, Injury Severity Score, and transfusion history. Data are expressed as mean +/- SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study cohort was 24 +/- 7; mean Injury Severity Score was 17 +/- 12. All were men and suffered penetrating injury. Average hospital length of stay was 46 +/- 35 days. TA-MC was present in 45% (10 of 22) patients who were transfused at least 1 unit of blood. The four nontransfused patients all tested negative for TA-MC. Among six patients who received 4 to 43 units of FrWB, five also received RBCs and one aphaeresis platelets. The remaining 16 transfused patients who received RBCs (no FrWB) included seven who also received platelets in theater. The prevalence of TA-MC was 50% (3 of 6) in FrWB patients, 50% in patients given platelets (4 of 8), and 38% (3 of 8) in those given only RBCs as a cellular component (p = 0.61).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although these preliminary data do not demonstrate a significantly increased rate of TA-MC in FrWB or apheresis platelets recipients compared with RBC recipients, the overall 45% (10 of 22) rate of TA-MC in transfused soldiers warrants further study to ascertain possible clinical consequences such as graft-versus-host or autoimmune disease syndromes.
authors: Department of General Surgery, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA. james.dunne@med.navy.mil
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Dunne
authors: Tzong-Hae
authors: TH
authors: Lee
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Burns
authors: Lisa J
authors: LJ
authors: Cardo
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Curry
authors: Michael P
authors: MP
authors: Busch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D046528:Chimerism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*