title: Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome (HHH) presenting with acute fulminant hepatic failure.
abstract: We report on two Aboriginal patients with the hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. Both presented with acute hepatic failure with severe hypertransaminasemia and coagulopathy, prompting evaluation for emergent liver transplantation. The diagnosis of HHH syndrome was based on the presence of typical metabolic abnormalities. A protein-restricted diet and L-arginine or L-citrulline supplementation were immediately started, with rapid normalization of liver function test results and other biochemical abnormalities. Molecular analysis of the SLC25A15 gene showed that the two patients were homozygous for the common French Canadian mutation (F188Delta). The diagnosis of HHH syndrome should be considered in patients with unexplained fulminant hepatic failure. There does not appear to be a genotype-phenotype correlation for this presentation, inasmuch as the only other reported patient presenting with this picture had two different point mutations. Early identification and prompt treatment of these patients is crucial to avoid liver transplantation and can be life saving.
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Canada.
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Mhanni
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Chan
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Collison
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Seifert
authors: D C
authors: DC
authors: Lehotay
authors: Ah
authors: A
authors: Sokoro
authors: H Q
authors: HQ
authors: Huynh
authors: C R
authors: CR
authors: Greenberg
mesh_terms: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D002956:Citrulline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D007223:Infant; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000209:etiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D009952:Ornithine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D017354:Point Mutation; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D026923:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; C442901:SLC25A15 protein, human; C001352:homocitrulline; D002956:Citrulline; D009952:Ornithine