Long-term effects of maternal magnesium restriction on adiposity and insulin resistance in rat pups.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the long-term effects of maternal/postnatal magnesium (Mg) restriction on adiposity, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion in the offspring and the probable biochemical mechanisms associated with them.


METHODS
Female weanling Wistar/NIN (WNIN) rats received a control diet or 70% Mg-restricted (MgR) diet for 9 weeks and mated with control males. A third of the restricted dams were shifted to control diet from parturition. Half of the pups born to the remaining restricted dams were weaned on to control diet, while the other half continued on MgR diet. Various parameters were determined in the offspring at 18 months of age.


RESULTS
The percentage of body fat increased, lean body mass (LBM) and fat free mass (FFM) decreased in restricted offspring and were irreversible by rehabilitation. While glucose tolerance and insulin resistance (IR) were comparable among groups, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and basal glucose uptake by the diaphragm were significantly decreased in restricted offspring and not corrected by rehabilitation. Plasma leptin was lower, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was higher in restricted offspring, whereas expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acyl transport protein 1 (FATP 1) was higher in liver and adipose tissue. While changes in FAS and FATP 1 were not correctible by rehabilitation, those in leptin and TNF-alpha were corrected by rehabilitation from parturition but not from weaning. Tissue oxidative stress and antioxidant status were comparable among groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that maternal and postnatal Mg status is important in the long-term programming of body adiposity and insulin secretion in rat offspring.
Venu
Lagishetty
L
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India.
Padmavathi
Inagadapa J N
IJ
Kishore
Yedla D
YD
Bhanu
Nandiwada V
NV
Rao
Kalashikam R
KR
Sainath
Pothaganti B
PB
Ganeshan
Manisha
M
Raghunath
Manchala
M
D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000502:physiology*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
D054392:Adipokines; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; C493570:Slc27a1 protein, rat; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D008274:Magnesium; D005947:Glucose