title: Influence exerted on drug prescribing by patients' attitudes and expectations and by doctors' perception of such expectations: a cohort and nested case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although demand for medication is regarded as one of the most important factors in pharmaceutical expenditure, little is known about patients' influence on drug prescribing. This study assesses the influence exerted on drug prescribing by patients' attitudes and expectations, and by doctors' perception of such expectations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based cohort study covering 937 subjects attending a health centre in the northwest of Spain. Prescription-drug advertising directly targeted at patients is banned in Spain. We conducted home-based interviews at the start of follow-up to assess patients' attitudes, and monthly telephone interviews during the 1-year follow-up period to assess consumption of medical drugs and medical visits. Using nested case-control study covering 127 of the cohort subjects who attended the health centre, we assessed patients' pre-consultation expectations for prescriptions, doctors' perception of such patients' expectations, and the drugs actually prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total sample, 69.3% answered the home-based questionnaire, 77.6% completed 11 or more months of follow-up, and 100% of cohort subjects who attended the health centre responded to the pre-consultation survey conducted in the waiting room. Patients' attitudes, though not associated with prescription (P > 0.1), were, however, associated with demand for medical consultation (P < 0.01), self-medication (P < 0.01) and prescription expectations (P < 0.01). Although doctors' perception of patients' expectations did indeed show an association with drug prescribing (P = 0.001), there was no association between patients' expectations and doctors' perception of such expectations (P > 0.1), as these tended to be overestimated by doctors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that, although doctors prescribe in accordance with what they believe their patients expect, in practice patients exert no influence on drug prescribing because their prescription expectations are misconstrued by doctors, who overestimate them.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors: Eugenia
authors: E
authors: Lado
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Vacariza
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Fernández-González
authors: Juan Jesús
authors: JJ
authors: Gestal-Otero
authors: Adolfo
authors: A
authors: Figueiras
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires