title: Transforming growth factor beta2 regulates growth and differentiation of pulp cells via ALK5/Smad2/3.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may regulate the biological activities of dental pulp cells. We found that human dental pulp cells expressed TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and a little amount of TGF-beta3 messenger RNA (mRNA). The exposure of pulp cells to TGF-beta2 induced the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Smad1/5/8, and extracellular regulated-kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) as observed by Western blotting. Exposure to TGF-beta2 decreased the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Pretreatment of pulp cells with SB431542 (an inhibitor of TGF-beta ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7 receptors) but not U0126 (a MEK1 inhibitor) prevented the inhibition of viable cell number, ALP activity, and mRNA expression by TGF-beta2 in dental pulp cells. These results suggest that TGF-beta may affect the growth and differentiation of dental pulp cells via an autocrine fashion by activation of the ALK/Smad2/3-signal transduction pathways. TGF-beta2 possibly regulates the differentiation of pulp cell at specific stages synergistically with other factors.
authors: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pulp Biology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Tseng-Fang
authors: TF
authors: Tai
authors: Chiu-Po
authors: CP
authors: Chan
authors: Chiu-Chun
authors: CC
authors: Lin
authors: Lin-I
authors: LI
authors: Chen
authors: Jiiang-Huei
authors: JH
authors: Jeng
authors: Mei-Chi
authors: MC
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051896:Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; D004149:Dioxoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051896:Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625841:TGFBR1 protein, human; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase