title: Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a possible role in weight stability?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on body weight are clearly different. Recently, the role of ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide derived from stomach, has been appreciated. Plasma ghrelin levels display a preprandial peak and postprandial suppression, suggesting its physiological role. We hypothesized that metformin or pioglitazone may modulate circulating ghrelin levels and this modulation may be related to differential effects on body weight with these agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five Japanese type 2 diabetic patients [21 men and 14 women, age 62 +/- 2 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.6 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 8.2 +/- 0.1%, mean +/- s.e.] were randomly assigned to groups for the addition of metformin or pioglitazone. At baseline and 4 months later, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to measure plasma ghrelin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 33 subjects who completed the study, the overall decrease in HbA1c ( approximately 1%) was comparable between the two groups. As expected, BMI increased in the pioglitazone group but not in the metformin group. After the treatment, plasma ghrelin levels at each point of OGTT remained unchanged in the pioglitazone group. In the metformin group, fasting ghrelin levels were unaltered, whereas the absolute levels at 30, 60 and 120 min decreased significantly. The area under the curve for the 2-h ghrelin profile also decreased significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreased plasma ghrelin levels after the glucose load. This decrease may in part account for weight stability in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.
authors: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kusaka
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Nagasaka
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Horie
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones