title: Heat shock protein 90 inhibition is cytotoxic to primary AML cells expressing mutant FLT3 and results in altered downstream signalling.
abstract: Activating mutations of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) occur in approximately one-third of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and predict for a poor outcome. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that is frequently used by cancer cells to stabilise mutant oncoproteins. Mutant FLT3 is chaperoned by Hsp90 in primary AML blasts whereas unmutated FLT3 is not, making Hsp90 inhibitors potentially useful therapeutically. The present study showed that inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) was cytotoxic to primary AML cells expressing mutant FLT3. Inhibition of Hsp90 results in altered downstream signalling effects in primary AML cells with disruption of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3/AKT signalling pathways. Co-treatment of blasts with 17-AAG and cytarabine resulted in a synergistic or additive effect in approximately 50% of AML cases tested. Our results confirm that Hsp90 is a valid molecular target in the therapy of AML. Inhibition of Hsp90 in parallel with conventional AML therapies may have particular benefit in those patients with the poor prognostic FLT3 mutant disease.
authors: Department of Academic Haematology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
authors: Laila
authors: L
authors: Al Shaer
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Walsby
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Gilkes
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Tonks
authors: Valerie
authors: V
authors: Walsh
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Mills
authors: Alan
authors: A
authors: Burnett
authors: Clare
authors: C
authors: Rowntree
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D003561:Cytarabine; C112765:tanespimycin; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3