title: Selection of thermodynamic models for combinatorial control of multiple transcription factors in early differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcription factors (TFs) have multiple combinatorial forms to regulate the transcription of a target gene. For example, one TF can help another TF to stabilize onto regulatory DNA sequence and the other TF may attract RNA polymerase (RNAP) to start transcription; alternatively, two TFs may both interact with both the DNA sequence and the RNAP. The different forms of TF-TF interaction have different effects on the probability of RNAP's binding onto the promoter sequence and therefore confer different transcriptional efficiencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have developed an analytical method to identify the thermodynamic model that best describes the form of TF-TF interaction among a set of TF interactions for every target gene. In this method, time-course microarray data are used to estimate the steady state concentration of the transcript of a target gene, as well as the relative changes of the active concentration for each TF. These estimated concentrations and changes of concentrations are fed into an inference scheme to identify the most compatible thermodynamic model. Such a model represents a particular way of combinatorial control by multiple TFs on a target gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Applying this approach to a time-course microarray dataset of embryonic stem cells, we have inferred five interaction patterns among three regulators, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, on ten target genes.
authors: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. cchen63@uiuc.edu
authors: Chieh-Chun
authors: CC
authors: Chen
authors: Xin-Guang
authors: XG
authors: Zhu
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics*; D024002:HMGB Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D024002:HMGB Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors