title: A randomized trial of a home-based educational approach to increase live donor kidney transplantation: effects in blacks and whites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blacks are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease, but are far less likely to undergo live donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) than whites. We assessed the differential effectiveness in blacks and whites of a home-based (HB) LDKT educational approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  A planned secondary analysis of a previously published randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  132 patients (60 black, 72 white) approved for kidney transplantation at 1 kidney transplant center in the southeastern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assignment to receive either standard clinic-based (CB) transplant education (n = 69) or CB plus an HB (CB + HB) LDKT education program (n = 63). The HB education program was culturally sensitive for blacks, including using a minority health educator, brochures that highlight minority transplant recipients and donors, and discussion of race-specific outcome data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary outcomes were proportions of patients with live donor inquiries, evaluations, and transplants 1 year after study participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical record and questionnaire data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  69 patients were assigned to the CB group, and 63 to the CB + HB group. After 1 year, there were 96 living donor inquiries (72.7%), 62 living donor evaluations (47.0%), and 54 LDKTs (40.9%). Patients assigned to the CB + HB group were more likely to have had living donor inquiries (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.0), a living donor evaluated (OR, 2.7; CI, 1.4 to 5.4), and LDKT (OR, 3.0; CI, 1.5 to 5.9). The effect was greater in blacks than whites for living donor evaluations and LDKT, but not for living donor inquiries (treatment-by-race interaction, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.8, respectively). Blacks in the CB + HB group were more likely to have had at least 1 living donor inquiry (51.7% versus 77.4%), at least 1 living donor evaluated (17.2% versus 48.4%), and LDKT (13.8% versus 45.2%) than those in the CB group. By comparison, whites in the CB + HB group were more likely to have had at least 1 living donor inquiry (72.5% versus 87.5%), at least 1 living donor evaluated (47.5% versus 71.9%), and LDKT (42.5% versus 59.4%) than those in the CB group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-center study with greater dropout rate in the CB + HB group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a culturally sensitive LDKT education program that reaches out to blacks and their social support network can overcome some barriers to LDKT in this population.
authors: The Transplant Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jrrodrig@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors: James R
authors: JR
authors: Rodrigue
authors: Danielle L
authors: DL
authors: Cornell
authors: Bruce
authors: B
authors: Kaplan
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Howard
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People