title: Mosaic genealogy of the Mus musculus genome revealed by 21 nuclear genes from its three subspecies.
abstract: Patterns of genetic variation provide insight into the evolutionary history of a species. Mouse (Mus musculus) is a good model for this purpose. Here we present the analysis of genealogies of the 21 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial DNA region in M. musculus based on our nucleotide sequences of nine inbred strains from three M. musculus subspecies (musculus, domesticus, and castaneus) and one M. spicilegus strain as an outgroup. The mitochondrial DNA gene genealogy of those strains confirmed the introgression pattern of one musculus strain. When all the nuclear DNA data were concatenated to produce a phylogenetic tree of nine strains, musculus and domesticus strains formed monophyletic clusters with each other, while the two castaneus strains were paraphyletic. When each DNA region was treated independently, the phylogenetic networks revealed an unnegligibly high level of subspecies admixture and the mosaic nature of their genome. Estimation of ancestral and derived population sizes and migration rates suggests the effects of ancestral polymorphism and gene flow on the pattern of genetic variation of the current subspecies. Gene genealogies of Fut4 and Dfy loci also suggested existence of the gene flow between M. musculus and M. spicilegus or other distant species.
authors: Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.
authors: Yu-Hua
authors: YH
authors: Liu
authors: Aya
authors: A
authors: Takahashi
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kitano
authors: Tsuyoshi
authors: T
authors: Koide
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Shiroishi
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Moriwaki
authors: Naruya
authors: N
authors: Saitou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D016678:Genome; D051379:Mice / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009030:Mosaicism; D010375:Pedigree; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial