title: Comparative genomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies obtained from multiple host species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) subspecies vary widely in both pathogenicity and host specificity, but the genetic features contributing to this diversity remain unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparative genomic approach was used to identify large sequence polymorphisms among M. avium subspecies obtained from a variety of host animals. DNA microarrays were used as a platform for comparing mycobacterial isolates with the sequenced bovine isolate M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) K-10. Open reading frames (ORFs) were classified as present or divergent based on the relative fluorescent intensities of the experimental samples compared to MAP K-10 DNA. Multiple large polymorphic regions were found in the genomes of MAP isolates obtained from sheep. One of these clusters encodes glycopeptidolipid biosynthesis enzymes which have not previously been identified in MAP. M. avium subsp. silvaticum isolates were observed to have a hybridization profile very similar to yet distinguishable from M. avium subsp. avium. Isolates obtained from cattle (n = 5), birds (n = 4), goats (n = 3), bison (n = 3), and humans (n = 9) were indistinguishable from cattle isolate MAP K-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genome diversity in M. avium subspecies appears to be mediated by large sequence polymorphisms that are commonly associated with mobile genetic elements. Subspecies and host adapted isolates of M. avium were distinguishable by the presence or absence of specific polymorphisms.
authors: National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, USA. michael.paustian@ars.usda.gov
authors: Michael L
authors: ML
authors: Paustian
authors: Xiaochun
authors: X
authors: Zhu
authors: Srinand
authors: S
authors: Sreevatsan
authors: Suelee
authors: S
authors: Robbe-Austerman
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Kapur
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Bannantine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012756:Sheep / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D006017:Glycolipids; D006020:Glycopeptides; C010762:peptidoglycolipids