Tumor-induced tolerance and immune suppression by myeloid derived suppressor cells.
Emerging evidence indicates that the Achilles' heel of cancer immunotherapies is often the complex interplay of tumor-derived factors and deviant host properties, which involve a wide range of immune elements in the lymphoid and myeloid compartments. Regulatory lymphocytes, tumor-conditioned myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages, and dysfunctional and immature dendritic cells take part in a complex immunoregulatory network. Despite the fact that some mechanisms governing tumor-induced immune tolerance and suppression are starting to be better understood and their complexity dissected, little is known about the diachronic picture of immune tolerance. Based on observations of MDSCs, we present a time-structured and topologically consistent idea of tumor-dependent tolerance progression in tumor-bearing hosts.
Marigo
Ilaria
I
Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
Dolcetti
Luigi
L
Serafini
Paolo
P
Zanovello
Paola
P
Bronte
Vincenzo
V
D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology; D018845:CD11 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002450:Cell Communication; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D038042:Myelopoiesis / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D019139:Tumor Escape
D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018845:CD11 Antigens; D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse