title: A meta-analysis of rectal NSAIDs in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several pharmacological agents for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) have been studied. Clinical trials evaluating the protective effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have yielded inconclusive results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To perform a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of prophylactic rectal NSAIDs on PEP.
  
  
  METHODS
  By searching Medline, Embase, meeting abstracts and bibliographies, two independent reviewers systematically identified prospective randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of rectally administered prophylactic NSAIDs on the incidence of PEP pancreatitis. A meta-analysis of these clinical trials was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four RCTs, enrolling a total of 912 patients, have been published. Meta-analysis of these studies demonstrates a pooled relative risk for PEP after prophylactic administration of NSAIDs of 0.36 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.60); patients who received NSAIDs in the periprocedural period were 64% less likely to develop pancreatitis and 90% less likely to develop moderate to severe pancreatitis. The pooled number needed to treat with NSAIDs to prevent one episode of pancreatitis is 15 patients. No adverse events attributable to the use of NSAIDs were reported in any of the clinical trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this meta-analysis, prophylactic NSAIDs were effective in preventing PEP. Widespread prophylactic administration of these agents may significantly reduce the incidence of PEP, resulting in major clinical and economic benefit. Given current scepticism regarding the efficacy of any prophylactic medication for ERCP, additional multicentre studies are needed for confirmation prior to widespread adoption of this strategy.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. badihe@umich.edu
authors: B J
authors: BJ
authors: Elmunzer
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Waljee
authors: G H
authors: GH
authors: Elta
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Taylor
authors: S M A
authors: SM
authors: Fehmi
authors: P D R
authors: PD
authors: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal