title: Morphologic and clinical effects of subretinal injection of indocyanine green and infracyanine green in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effects of subretinal injection of indocyanine green (ICG), infracyanine (IfCG), and balanced salt solution (BSS) in rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten (10) animals were subjected to a subretinal injection of 0.05% ICG (279 mOsm), 0.5% IfCG (276 mOsm), and BSS (300 mOsm) used as a control. Animals were examined at 6, 12, and 24 h and 14 days following the surgical procedure by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography (FA), and light and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subretinal injection of ICG caused damage to all retinal layers and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during the entire follow-up. Subretinal injection of IfCG resulted in abnormalities of the photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) during the entire follow-up; however, abnormalities of the photoreceptor inner segments (PISs) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were observed only 24 h and 14 days after surgery; no RPE damage was observed. FA showed that window defects were more prominent in the subretinal ICG bleb position than the IfCG-related area. BSS caused only abnormalities of the POS layer and no RPE alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subretinal injection of 0.05% ICG results in more significant retinal damage than 0.5% IfCG. In this model, iodine-free IfCG demonstrates a safer profile than a tenfold lower concentration of ICG, which contains iodine in its composition.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Vision Institute (IPEPO), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Fernando M
authors: FM
authors: Penha
authors: Maurício
authors: M
authors: Maia
authors: Michel E
authors: ME
authors: Farah
authors: Eduardo
authors: E
authors: Dib
authors: André H
authors: AH
authors: Príncipe
authors: Fracois
authors: F
authors: Devin
authors: Eduardo B
authors: EB
authors: Rodrigues
authors: João P
authors: JP
authors: Duprat
authors: Edna
authors: E
authors: Freymüller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; C116320:Infracyanine green; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D007208:Indocyanine Green