title: Treatment with DF 2162, a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/2, diminishes neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neutrophil migration into tissues is involved in the genesis of inflammatory pain. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that the effect of CXC chemokines on CXCR1/2 is important to induce neutrophil migration and inflammatory hypernociception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated with a non-competitive allosteric inhibitor of CXCR1/2, DF 2162, and neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception were assessed by myeloperoxidase assay and electronic pressure meter test, respectively, in various models of inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DF 2162 inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis induced by CXCR1/2 ligands but had no effect on CXCL8 binding to neutrophils. A single mutation of the allosteric site at CXCR1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of DF 2162 on CXCL-8-induced chemotaxis. Treatment with DF 2162 prevented influx of neutrophils and inflammatory hypernociception induced by CXCL1 in a dose-dependent manner. The compound inhibited neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception induced by carrageenan, lipopolysaccharide and zymosan, but not hypernociception induced by dopamine and PGE(2). DF 2162 had a synergistic effect with indomethacin or the absence of TNFR1 to abrogate carrageenan-induced hypernociception. Treatment with DF 2162 diminished neutrophil influx, oedema formation, disease score and hypernociception in collagen-induced arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CXCR1/2 mediates neutrophil migration and is involved in the cascade of events leading to inflammatory hypernociception. In addition to modifying fundamental pathological processes, non-competitive allosteric inhibitors of CXCR1/2 may have the additional benefit of providing partial relief for pain and, hence, may be a valid therapeutic target for further studies aimed at the development of new drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors: T M
authors: TM
authors: Cunha
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Barsante
authors: A T
authors: AT
authors: Guerrero
authors: W A
authors: WA
authors: Verri
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Ferreira
authors: F M
authors: FM
authors: Coelho
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bertini
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Di Giacinto
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Allegretti
authors: F Q
authors: FQ
authors: Cunha
authors: M M
authors: MM
authors: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D044482:Benzeneacetamides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008698:Mesylates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C528719:4-(2-amino-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate; D000700:Analgesics; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008698:Mesylates; D023062:Receptors, Interleukin-8A; D023063:Receptors, Interleukin-8B; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; C506236:Tnfrsf1a protein, mouse; D007213:Indomethacin