title: cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus related to severity of smell loss in patients with smell dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nasal mucus levels of cAMP and cGMP in patients with taste and smell dysfunction with respect to severity of their smell loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  cAMP and cGMP were measured in nasal mucus using a sensitive spectrophotometric 96 plate ELISA technique. Smell loss was measured in patients with taste and smell dysfunction by standardized psychophysical measurements of olfactory function and classified by severity of loss into four types from most severe to least severe such that anosmia > Type I hyposmia > Type II hyposmia > Type III hyposmia. Measurements of nasal mucus cyclic nucleotides and smell loss were made independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As smell loss severity increased stepwise cAMP and cGMP levels decreased stepwise [cAMP, cGMP (in pmol/ml); anosmia - 0.004, 0.008: Type I hyposmia - 0.12+/-0.03, 0.10+/-0.03: Type II hyposmia - 0.15+/-0.02, 0.16+/-0.01: Type III hyposmia - 0.23+/-0.05, 0.20+/-0.15].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm the association of biochemical changes in cyclic nucleotides with systematic losses of smell acuity. These results confirm the usefulness of the psychophysical methods we defined to determine the systematic classification of smell loss severity. These changes can form the basis for the biochemical definition of smell loss among some patients with smell loss as well as for their therapy.
authors: Center for Molecular Nutritional and SensoryDisorders, The Taste and Smell Clinic, Washington, DC 20016, USA. doc@tasteandsmell.com
authors: R I
authors: RI
authors: Henkin
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Velicu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012903:Smell; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP