Mucosal intraepithelial T-lymphocytes in refractory celiac disease: a neoplastic population with a variable CD8 phenotype.
Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by villous atrophy and an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). The IEL usually exhibit a suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (CD3 and CD8) and display a polyclonal profile for T-cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement as opposed to the monoclonality of refractory CD (RCD) with CD8 IEL. A complication of CD is the loss of response to a gluten-free diet called RCD that may progress to an enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. We reviewed 20 uncomplicated CD and 23 complicated CD (19 RCD and 4 diagnosed at the same time as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma). In complicated CD, the IEL phenotype was CD8 in 9 cases and CD8 in 14 cases. In 100% of cases, IEL showed a monoclonal TCR rearrangement. All the 9 CD8 complicated CD exhibited a monoclonal TCR rearrangement and 3 of them were associated with a T-cell lymphoma (2 at the same time as CD and 1 after 43-mo follow-up) and bore the same monoclonal rearrangement in IEL and in lymphoma. Interestingly, the 13 cases (100%) of CD with a CD8 phenotype were also found monoclonal and 2 of them were associated with a T-cell lymphoma diagnosed at the same time as CD and exhibiting the same rearrangement in IEL and in lymphoma. An aberrant CD3 CD8 IEL phenotype is a good criterion for RCD diagnosis. However, cases with a normal CD3 CD8 IEL phenotype may correspond to RCD. In such cases, we suggest that molecular analysis of TCR-gamma genes is a useful method for identifying cases with RCD.
de Mascarel
Antoine
A
Department of Pathology, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, 33604 Pessac. EA2406 Histology and Pathology, University of Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux, France. antoine.demascarel@chu-bordeaux.fr
Belleannée
Geneviève
G
Stanislas
Sophie
S
Merlio
Christine
C
Parrens
Marie
M
Laharie
David
D
Dubus
Pierre
P
Merlio
Jean-Philippe
JP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D019674:Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D004247:DNA