Dyspepsia in childhood and adolescence: insights and treatment considerations.
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is common in children, with as many as 80% of those being evaluated for chronic abdominal pain reporting symptoms of epigastric discomfort, nausea, or fullness. It is known that patients with persistent complaints have increased comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. The interaction with psychopathologic variables has been found to mediate the association between upper abdominal pain and gastric hypersensitivity. These observations suggest that abnormal central nervous system processing of gastric stimuli may be a relevant pathophysiologic mechanism in FD. Despite increased understanding, no specific therapy has emerged; however, recent nonpharmacological-based options such as hypnosis may be effective. Novel approaches, including dietary manipulation and use of nutraceuticals such as ginger and Iberogast (Medical Futures Inc., Ontario, Canada), may also be considered.
Perez
Maria E
ME
Center for Pediatric Irritable Bowel and Motility Disorders, Goryeb Children's Hospital at Atlantic Health, 100 Madison Avenue, Internal Box 82, Morristown, NJ 07962, USA.
Youssef
Nader N
NN
D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D064747:Lansoprazole; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation; D013440:Sulfides; D014781:Viscera / Q000502:physiology
D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000085:Acetates; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; D013440:Sulfides; C039964:iberogast; D064747:Lansoprazole; D012701:Serotonin; C093875:montelukast