title: (Z)-1,1-Dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylcyclopropane induces concentration-dependent growth inhibition, apoptosis, and coordinates regulation of apoptotic genes in TRAMP cells.
abstract: (Z)-1-1-Dichloro-2,3-diphenylcyclopropane (A(II)) and (Z)-1,1-dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylcyclopropane [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II)] inhibit tubulin polymerization, PSA production, and the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. The actions of the agents were studied in three transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) cell lines. Antiproliferative potencies were determined and cells treated with the more potent 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II) were examined for induction of apoptosis. Microarray analyses were conducted to determine the apoptosis-related genes up- and down-regulated by the agent. 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-A(II) concentration-dependently inhibited growth of all three cell lines. Fifty percent and 100% growth inhibitory and 50% lethal concentrations were determined to be 0.3, 1.5, and 5 muM, respectively. Minimum detectable apoptosis-inducing concentrations by ELISA were 0.10 to 0.14 muM. PARP cleavage and two-color flow cytometry assays verified apoptosis induction. Microarray analyses showed Bok and Siva-pending to be up-regulated and that Birc, Dad1, and Atf5 were down-regulated. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-A(II) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in the in vivo-adaptable TRAMP cells, suggesting the compound should be further examined in preclinical models.
authors: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors: Catherine A
authors: CA
authors: Thomas
authors: Stephen G
authors: SG
authors: Grant
authors: Beth R
authors: BR
authors: Pflug
authors: Robert H
authors: RH
authors: Getzenberg
authors: Billy W
authors: BW
authors: Day
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C531316:1,1-dichloro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylcyclopropane; D000840:Anisoles; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D013629:Tamoxifen; C035174:tamoxifen analog II; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases