title: Management of peripheral facial nerve palsy.
abstract: Peripheral facial nerve palsy (FNP) may (secondary FNP) or may not have a detectable cause (Bell's palsy). Three quarters of peripheral FNP are primary and one quarter secondary. The most prevalent causes of secondary FNP are systemic viral infections, trauma, surgery, diabetes, local infections, tumor, immunological disorders, or drugs. The diagnosis of FNP relies upon the presence of typical symptoms and signs, blood chemical investigations, cerebro-spinal-fluid-investigations, X-ray of the scull and mastoid, cerebral MRI, or nerve conduction studies. Bell's palsy may be diagnosed after exclusion of all secondary causes, but causes of secondary FNP and Bell's palsy may coexist. Treatment of secondary FNP is based on the therapy of the underlying disorder. Treatment of Bell's palsy is controversial due to the lack of large, randomized, controlled, prospective studies. There are indications that steroids or antiviral agents are beneficial but also studies, which show no beneficial effect. Additional measures include eye protection, physiotherapy, acupuncture, botulinum toxin, or possibly surgery. Prognosis of Bell's palsy is fair with complete recovery in about 80% of the cases, 15% experience some kind of permanent nerve damage and 5% remain with severe sequelae.
authors: Neurological Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria. fifigs1@yahoo.de
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Finsterer
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D017612:Gold Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017612:Gold Compounds; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D010431:Pentoxifylline