title: Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of adding intrathecal ziconotide to intrathecal morphine in patients being treated with a stable intrathecal morphine dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase II, multicenter, open-label study with a 5-week titration phase and an extension phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suboptimal pain relief receiving stable intrathecal morphine doses (2-20 mg/day).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrathecal morphine dosing remained constant during the titration phase. Ziconotide therapy began at 0.60 microg/day and was titrated to a maximum of 7.2 microg/day. During the extension phase, ziconotide and intrathecal morphine dosing were adjusted at the investigator's discretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Safety was assessed primarily via adverse event reports. Efficacy was analyzed via percentage change on the visual analog scale of pain intensity and in weekly systemic opioid consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild or moderate; the most common (> or = 15% of patients in either study phase) study drug-related (i.e., ziconotide/morphine combination [or ziconotide monotherapy in the extension phase only]) events were confusion, dizziness, abnormal gait, hallucinations, and anxiety. The mean percentage improvement in visual analog scale of pain intensity scores was 14.5% (95% confidence interval: -9.4% to 38.5%) from baseline to week 5 and varied during the extension phase (range: -0.4% to 42.8%). Mean percentage change from baseline in systemic opioid consumption was -14.3% at week 5 and varied considerably during the extension phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ziconotide, combined with stable intrathecal morphine, may reduce pain and decrease systemic opioid use in patients with pain inadequately controlled by intrathecal morphine alone.
authors: University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA. mswallace@ucsd.edu
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Wallace
authors: Peter S
authors: PS
authors: Kosek
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Staats
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Fisher
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Schultz
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Leong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020960:omega-Conotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D020960:omega-Conotoxins; D009020:Morphine; C078452:ziconotide