title: Upregulation of dorsal horn microglial cyclooxygenase-1 and neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 after thoracic deep muscle incisions in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plantar hindpaw incision produces hyperalgesia, transient upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prolonged upregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in rat lumbar spinal cord. Our hypothesis in this study was that a deep thoracic incision causes COX-1 and COX-2 upregulation in the dorsal horn coincident with pain-related behavior, and that specific cell types contribute to this increase in COX expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A left lateral thoracic skin incision was made in anesthetized rats, and superficial and deep muscles were incised. Postoperative pain-related behavior was quantified by recording exploratory rearing. Four and 24 h postsurgery, COX-1 and COX-2 immunohistochemistry, with co-labeling for cell type, were performed on the spinal cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deep thoracic muscle incision produced a 42% decrease in rearing compared to sham skin-incision controls at 4 h postsurgery (P = 0.001). There was an increase in both COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivity in the thoracic dorsal horn at 4 h postsurgery on the ipsilateral side of surgery animals compared to the ipsilateral side of control animals, contralateral side of surgery animals or contralateral side of control animals. No surgery-induced differences were seen at the lumbar level. At 24 h postsurgery, there was no longer a decrease in rearing, and no surgery-induced differences in COX-1 or COX-2 were seen at any level. At 4 h postsurgery, 96% of COX-1 immunoreactive cells co-localized with microglia and 98% of COX-2 immunoreactive cells co-localized with neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A unilateral deep thoracic wound produces pain-related behavior and, at the same time, ipsilateral upregulation of microglial COX-1 and neuronal COX-2 in the thoracic dorsal horn.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jkroin@rush.edu
authors: Jeffrey S
authors: JS
authors: Kroin
authors: Mayumi
authors: M
authors: Takatori
authors: Jinyuan
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Er-Yun
authors: EY
authors: Chen
authors: Asokumar
authors: A
authors: Buvanendran
authors: Kenneth J
authors: KJ
authors: Tuman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000201:enzymology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2