title: Psychometric evaluation of the Taiwanese version of the Kiddo-kINDL generic children's health-related quality of life instrument.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health-related quality of life measures are increasingly being used in evaluating health care outcome around the world. There is a demand for the development of quality of life measures to be used cross-culturally. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Taiwanese version of Kiddo-KINDL, a health-related quality of life questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The original German-version of Kiddo-KINDL was translated into Chinese (Taiwanese) via the forward/backward translation process. Psychometric testing was performed with a national sample of 1,985 healthy students between the ages of 12 and 16. Data were analyzed based on 1,675 usable questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reliability coefficients were alpha = 0.81 (overall) and -0.31 to 0.84 for six subscales. The subscales with low Cronbach's alpha were "school" and "friends." Test-retest reliability was 0.77. Convergent validity was examined with the broadly used Taiwanese version of the Adolescent Depressive Mood Self-Detecting Scale. The result was satisfactory. Construct validity was further examined with exploratory factor analysis. The six-factor solution explained 45.2% of the variance. The construct of Kiddo-KINDL (Taiwanese version) appeared to be appropriate for measuring health-related quality of life in healthy adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kiddo-KINDL (Taiwanese version) is a relatively reliable and valid questionnaire of adolescents' health-related quality of life. However, items in the "school" and "friends" subscales need to be further modified to be more culturally appropriate.
authors: College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Pi-Hsia
authors: PH
authors: Lee
authors: Lu-I
authors: LI
authors: Chang
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Ravens-Sieberer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000208:ethnology