title: Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens in Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam.
abstract: The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the prevalence of the parasite's oocysts in soil because chicken feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens from Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam was determined using the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 41 (64%) of 64 chickens from Ghana, 24 (24.4%) of 98 chickens from Indonesia, 10 (12.5%) of 80 chickens from Italy, 6 (30%) of 20 chickens from Poland, and 81 (24.2%) of 330 chickens from Vietnam. Hearts and brains of chickens were bioassayed for T. gondii. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 2 chickens from Ghana, 1 chicken from Indonesia, 3 chickens from Italy, 2 chickens from Poland, and 1 chicken from Vietnam. Toxoplasma gondii isolates from 9 chickens were genotyped using 10 PCR-RFLP markers including SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and Apico. A total of 7 genotypes was identified; the 3 isolates from chickens from Italy were clonal type II, and the others were nonclonal. This is the first report of genetic characterization of T. gondii isolates from animals from these countries.
authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA. jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov
authors: J P
authors: JP
authors: Dubey
authors: Lam Thi Thu
authors: LT
authors: Huong
authors: B W L
authors: BW
authors: Lawson
authors: D T
authors: DT
authors: Subekti
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Tassi
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Cabaj
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Sundar
authors: G V
authors: GV
authors: Velmurugan
authors: O C H
authors: OC
authors: Kwok
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D002415:Cats; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D051379:Mice; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan