title: Impact of calcification and intraluminal thrombus on the computed wall stresses of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased biomechanical stresses within the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall contribute to its rupture. Calcification and intraluminal thrombus can be commonly found in AAAs, but the relationship between calcification/intraluminal thrombus and AAA wall stress is not completely described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-specific three-dimensional AAA geometries were reconstructed from computed tomographic images of 20 patients. Structural analysis was performed to calculate the wall stresses of the 20 AAA models and their altered models when calcification or intraluminal thrombus was not considered. A nonlinear large-strain finite element method was used to compute the wall stress distribution. The relationships between wall stresses and volumes of calcification and intraluminal thrombus were sought.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maximum stress was not correlated with the percentage of calcification, and was negatively correlated with the percentage of intraluminal thrombus (r = -0.56; P = .011). Exclusion of calcification from analysis led to a significant decrease in maximum stress by a median of 14% (range, 2%-27%; P < .01). When intraluminal thrombus was eliminated, maximum stress increased significantly by a median of 24% (range, 5%-43%; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of calcification increases AAA peak wall stress, suggesting that calcification decrease the biomechanical stability of AAA. In contrast, intraluminal thrombus reduces the maximum stress in AAA. Calcification and intraluminal thrombus should both be considered in the evaluation of wall stress for risk assessment of AAA rupture.
authors: University Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ZYL22@cam.ac.uk
authors: Zhi-Yong
authors: ZY
authors: Li
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: U-King-Im
authors: Tjun Y
authors: TY
authors: Tang
authors: Edmund
authors: E
authors: Soh
authors: Teik Choon
authors: TC
authors: See
authors: Jonathan H
authors: JH
authors: Gillard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed