title: Stent fracture, an incidental finding or a significant marker of clinical in-stent restenosis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The predictors and clinical significance for stent fracture (SF) in drug-eluting stents (DES) remain unknown. We identified procedural factors leading to SF and its clinical consequences in DES.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percutaneous coronary interventions were performed on 3,920 patients with DES over 12 months. In-stent restenosis (ISR) of DES was observed in 188 cases with 121 cases (64.4%) receiving a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and 67 (35.6%) a paclitaxol-eluting stent (PES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SF was identified in 35 (18.6%) of the 188 cases. The 35 cases were then compared with 153 cases of ISR without angiographic evidence of SF. SF was identified in 29 (23.9%) SES compared with 6 (9.0%) in PES (P < 0.05). With univariate analysis, additional factors associated with SF included longer mean stented segment length, male gender, overlapping stents, vessel segment angulation >75 degrees , and more stents (all P < 0.05). With multivariate adjustment, three factors, i.e., stenting on a bend >75 degrees (OR = 13.8, 95%CI 3.7 to 51; P < 0.001), SES (OR = 4.1, 95%CI 1.3 to 13.4; P < 0.018) and overlapping stented segments (OR = 3.9, 95%CI 1.1 to 14.1; P < 0.041) were statistically significant independent predictors of SF while larger stent diameter was protective (OR = 0.14, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.70; P < 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SF proved to be associated with angiographically-documented clinical ISR. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, factors that appear to play a negative role in SF include vessel tortuosity, use of SES and overlapping stents. Larger stent diameter was protective. Further studies are needed to better define the factors important in the mechanism of SF.
authors: Cardiovascular Disease Section, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health-Milwaukee Clinical Campus, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors: Fareed
authors: F
authors: Shaikh
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Maddikunta
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Djelmami-Hani
authors: Joaquin
authors: J
authors: Solis
authors: Suhail
authors: S
authors: Allaqaband
authors: Tanvir
authors: T
authors: Bajwa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002932:Cineangiography; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus