Placebo response to caffeine improves reaction time performance in sleepy people.
Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant to counteract sleepiness. However, little is known about any placebo effect of caffeine in sleepy people and the effect of suggestibility. Over a 95 min test period, and in a counterbalanced design, 16 young healthy adults underwent 3 x 30 min sessions at the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), during an early afternoon 'dip' enhanced by a prior night's sleep restriction (5 h). On both occasions they were given a cup of a decaffeinated coffee; once when the participant was verbally primed to suggest the coffee was caffeinated (Placebo) and on the other under neutral priming (Control). There were significantly fewer lapses and shorter reaction times following Placebo, for the initial two 30 min sessions, indicating that suggestion about consuming caffeine was effective in improving performance in moderately sleepy people.
Anderson
Clare
C
Sleep Research Centre, Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK. c.anderson@lboro.ac.uk
Horne
James A
JA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003069:Coffee; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010919:Placebos; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003069:Coffee; D010919:Placebos; D002110:Caffeine