title: [Preparation of high viscous chitosan/glycerol phosphate and preliminary studies on its properties].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To increase the viscosity of chitosan/glycerol phosphate (C/GP) and to improve its preparation technique in order to develop the application range of C/GP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chitosan was treated by high-pressure vapor sterilization in order to prepare high viscous C/GP (HV-C/GP) and prepare C/GP by standard methods. The rheologic changes of HV-C/GP and C/GP were detected dynamically by the Gemini rheometer. The initial solution viscosity, gelation temperature and gelation time were evaluated after the viscosity of the materials were increased. Two gelation materials were placed into continuous flow thermostated cells under the same condition and harvest them at predetermined time intervals, 1st, 2nd, 5th, 10th and 25th days, then they were dried, weighed and the mass loss rate was calculated. Ultrastructure of the freeze-dried samples was visualized by the scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial viscosity of C/GP was 1.81 Pas and that of HV-C/GP was 17.24 Pas. The latter one increased 10 times as well as the former one. The gelation temperature of C/GP was 37 degrees C and that of HV-C/GP was 34 degrees C. There was no remarkable difference in gelation time between them. The mass loss rate of HV-C/GP at first day was 72.5% and at 25th days was 90.8%, while that of C/GP was 55.4% and 78.2%. Porous network structure was observed by the scanning electron microscope in both of them. The pore diameter of C/GP was 50-100 microm and that of HV-C/GP was 30-50 microm, which was obviously smaller than the former.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The viscosity of HV-C/GP prepared by improved technique obviously increases and the thermosensitivity has no significant changes. The degradation time of HV-C/GP in vitro lengthens. The micrographs show that the HV-C/GP gels are porous and the pore diameter are smaller than C/GP.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, First Municipal Hospital of Handan, Handan Hebei, 056002, P.R. China.
authors: Bo
authors: B
authors: Jing
authors: Zhiqiang
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Shumin
authors: S
authors: Jia
authors: Zhigang
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhaoying
authors: Z
authors: Memg
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D012212:Rheology; D012995:Solubility; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D048271:Chitosan