title: Attributional style and depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined whether attributional style (an individual's explanation of why events happen) is a genetically influenced vulnerability factor for depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether attributional style is an enduring vulnerability trait for recurrent depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the Cardiff Depression Study, we interviewed 108 people with depression and their siblings, and a control group of 105 healthy individuals and their siblings, using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule. Participants also completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regression analyses showed that attributional style results from mood state and is not a familial risk factor for depression. However, the tendency to internalise negative events was related to having had a prior episode of depression, suggesting a ;scarring' effect. Also, non-severe events were associated with one subset of optimistic attributions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attributional style mainly measures current mood and does not reflect a familial risk factor for depression.
authors: MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. harriet.ball@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors: Harriet A
authors: HA
authors: Ball
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: McGuffin
authors: Anne E
authors: AE
authors: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D035781:Siblings