title: HLA-DR expression and apoptosis: a cross-sectional controlled study in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered HLA-DR expression and apoptosis have been described to reflect a state of immunological dysfunction in uremia. Here, we performed a cross-sectional, controlled study to evaluate monocyte HLA-DR expression and apoptosis in dialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocyte HLA-DR expression was determined in 81 hemodialysis (HD) and 51 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and 40 healthy controls. By triple-color flow cytometry, we analyzed the percentage of monocytes in whole blood, the percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes and the mean fluorescence intensity. Using U937 cell line incubated with the patients' plasma, we analyzed the percentage of apoptosis induced after 96 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both HD and PD patients had lower, but statistically not significant, monocyte HLA-DR expression compared to controls (96.47 +/- 3.83% and 96.64 +/- 3.29% respectively, versus 98.42 +/- 1.05%). However, mean fluorescence intensity of HLA-DR was significantly higher in PD (149.35 +/- 80.96) than in HD (99.20 +/- 40.46), and controls (73.25 +/- 27.78, p < 0.001). Apoptosis was higher in both HD and PD (35.14 +/- 6.77 and 14.37 +/- 5.03%) compared to controls (11.30 +/- 2.03%, p < 0.001), and significantly higher in HD compared to PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reduced inflammatory state and the continuous solute removal in PD may attenuate immune dysfunction in uremia. In HD but not in PD patients, there was a significant correlation between the percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes with apoptosis (R = 0.230, p = 0.04).
authors: Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: de Cal
authors: Dinna N
authors: DN
authors: Cruz
authors: Valentina
authors: V
authors: Corradi
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Nalesso
authors: Natalia
authors: N
authors: Polanco
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Lentini
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Brendolan
authors: Ciro
authors: C
authors: Tetta
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Ronco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007249:Inflammation; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D020298:U937 Cells; D014511:Uremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D006684:HLA-DR Antigens