title: Focal point theory models for dissecting dynamic duality problems of microbial infections.
abstract: Extending along the dynamic continuum from conflict to cooperation, microbial infections always involve symbiosis (Sym) and pathogenesis (Pat). There exists a dynamic Sym-Pat duality (DSPD) in microbial infection that is the most fundamental problem in infectomics. DSPD is encoded by the genomes of both the microbes and their hosts. Three focal point (FP) theory-based game models (pure cooperative, dilemma, and pure conflict) are proposed for resolving those problems. Our health is associated with the dynamic interactions of three microbial communities (nonpathogenic microbiota (NP) (Cooperation), conditional pathogens (CP) (Dilemma), and unconditional pathogens (UP) (Conflict)) with the hosts at different health statuses. Sym and Pat can be quantitated by measuring symbiotic index (SI), which is quantitative fitness for the symbiotic partnership, and pathogenic index (PI), which is quantitative damage to the symbiotic partnership, respectively. Symbiotic point (SP), which bears analogy to FP, is a function of SI and PI. SP-converting and specific pathogen-targeting strategies can be used for the rational control of microbial infections.
authors: Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. shhuang@hsc.usc.edu
authors: S-H
authors: SH
authors: Huang
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zhou
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013559:Symbiosis