title: Cationic amino acid transporter-2 regulates immunity by modulating arginase activity.
abstract: Cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) are important regulators of NOS2 and ARG1 activity because they regulate L-arginine availability. However, their role in the development of Th1/Th2 effector functions following infection has not been investigated. Here we dissect the function of CAT2 by studying two infectious disease models characterized by the development of polarized Th1 or Th2-type responses. We show that CAT2(-/-) mice are significantly more susceptible to the Th1-inducing pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. Although T. gondii infected CAT2(-/-) mice developed stronger IFN-gamma responses, nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly impaired, which contributed to their enhanced susceptibility. In contrast, CAT2(-/-) mice infected with the Th2-inducing pathogen Schistosoma mansoni displayed no change in susceptibility to infection, although they succumbed to schistosomiasis at an accelerated rate. Granuloma formation and fibrosis, pathological features regulated by Th2 cytokines, were also exacerbated even though their Th2 response was reduced. Finally, while IL-13 blockade was highly efficacious in wild-type mice, the development of fibrosis in CAT2(-/-) mice was largely IL-13-independent. Instead, the exacerbated pathology was associated with increased arginase activity in fibroblasts and alternatively activated macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, by controlling NOS2 and arginase activity, CAT2 functions as a potent regulator of immunity.
authors: Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors: Robert W
authors: RW
authors: Thompson
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: Pesce
authors: Thirumalai
authors: T
authors: Ramalingam
authors: Mark S
authors: MS
authors: Wilson
authors: Sandy
authors: S
authors: White
authors: Allen W
authors: AW
authors: Cheever
authors: Stacy M
authors: SM
authors: Ricklefs
authors: Stephen F
authors: SF
authors: Porcella
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Lesley G
authors: LG
authors: Ellies
authors: Thomas A
authors: TA
authors: Wynn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism*; D027202:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006099:Granuloma / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007109:Immunity; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008174:Lung Diseases, Parasitic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D027202:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001119:Arginase