title: Brain-region-specific astroglial responses in vitro after LPS exposure.
abstract: Astroglia is well-known to be integrated in the complex regulation of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Astrocytes become activated and synthesize cytokines, chemokines, and prostanoids during degenerative and vulnerable processes and interact with other immune-competent cells. Degenerative disorders often occur in a brain-region-specific fashion suggesting differences in the activity and reactivity of innate immune cells. We have investigated the potency of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to differently stimulate astrocytes from the cortex and midbrain. Astroglial cultures were prepared from Bagg albino/c mice and exposed to LPS. Astrocytes from both brain areas already differed in their capacity and profile of cytokine expression under basal unstimulated conditions. In response to LPS, we observed both a region-specific pattern of up-regulation of distinct cytokines and differences in the extent and time-course of activation. Our data demonstrate that astrocytes reveal a region-specific basal profile of cytokine expression and a selective area-specific regulation of cytokines upon LPS-induced inflammation. This makes astrocytes likely candidates to be responsible for region-specific incidence rates of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
authors: Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Clinic, RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Kipp
authors: Akvile
authors: A
authors: Norkute
authors: Sonja
authors: S
authors: Johann
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Lorenz
authors: Alena
authors: A
authors: Braun
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Hieble
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Gingele
authors: Friederike
authors: F
authors: Pott
authors: Janek
authors: J
authors: Richter
authors: Cordian
authors: C
authors: Beyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides