title: Diabetes increases p53-mediated apoptosis following ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes impairs the ability of tissue to respond adequately to ischemia. The underlying mechanisms contributing to this impaired response remain unknown. Because increases in apoptosis have been linked to a spectrum of diabetic complications, the authors examined whether programmed cell death is involved in the pathogenesis of poor diabetic tissue responses to ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis for apoptosis and levels of proaptotic protein, p53, were performed on streptozocin-induced diabetic mice and wild-type controls in a murine model of soft-tissue ischemia (n = 6). In vitro, chronic hyperglycemic culture conditions were used to test inducibility and reversibility of the diabetic phenotype. Small interfering RNA was used to assess the role of p53.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemia-induced apoptosis and p53 levels were increased significantly in diabetic dermal fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro. Chronic hyperglycemic culture was sufficient to induce the increased apoptotic phenotype, and this was not reversible with long-term normoglycemic conditions. Blocking p53 with small interfering RNA resulted in significant protection against ischemic apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that diabetes causes an increased apoptotic response to ischemia through a p53-mediated mechanism. This increase is not reversible by exposure to low-glucose conditions. This suggests that glycemic control alone will be unable to prevent tissue necrosis in diabetic patients and suggests novel therapeutic strategies for this condition.
authors: Stanford Calif. From the Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine.
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Jazayeri
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Callaghan
authors: Raymon H
authors: RH
authors: Grogan
authors: Cynthia D
authors: CD
authors: Hamou
authors: Vishal
authors: V
authors: Thanik
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Ingraham
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Capell
authors: Catherine R
authors: CR
authors: Pelo
authors: Geoffrey C
authors: GC
authors: Gurtner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53