title: Tiotropium ameliorates symptoms in patients with chronic airway mucus hypersecretion which is resistant to macrolide therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low-dose, long-term macrolide therapy has been shown to be effective for the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and similar disorders in terms of the presence of airway mucus hypersecretion such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis and sinobronchial syndrome. However, there are some patients, especially advanced cases, whose volume of sputum does not decrease sufficiently with macrolide therapy. These patients suffer from copious expectoration. There is currently no effective treatment, and an effective therapy is therefore urgently required. The aim of this study was to clarify whether or not the inhalation of tiotropium improves the symptoms in these cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tiotropium (18 microg/day) was administered to patients with DPB and similar disorders with airway mucus hypersecretion who did not respond to macrolide. The symptoms were evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to and at 1 and 3 months after tiotropium administration. Radiological and pulmonary function tests were also performed to evaluate the effects of tiotropium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen patients (DPB 5, sinobronchial syndrome 5, bronchiectasis 3) were enrolled. The VAS scores were dramatically improved after the introduction of tiotropium. FEV(1) was significantly improved after 3 months of treatment with tiotropium. In contrast, the radiological findings remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tiotropium improved the symptoms of cough, sputum and breathlessness in the macrolide-resistant cases of DPB or similar disorders. These beneficial effects might be due to the suppression of airway secretion through the anticholinergic effect of tiotropium on the submucosal gland, however, the long-term efficiency of this treatment still needs to be further assessed.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. yo-saito@nms.ac.jp
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Saito
authors: Arata
authors: A
authors: Azuma
authors: Taisuke
authors: T
authors: Morimoto
authors: Kazue
authors: K
authors: Fujita
authors: Shinji
authors: S
authors: Abe
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Motegi
authors: Jiro
authors: J
authors: Usuki
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Kudoh
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009093:Mucus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide
chemical_list: D018942:Macrolides; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide