title: FGF-2 enhances vascularization for adipose tissue engineering.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current therapies for soft-tissue reconstruction include autologous tissue flaps and alloplastic implants. Although autologous fat transplantation using a minimally invasive cannula harvest has less donor-site morbidity than tissue flaps, there is a variable degree of fat resorption over time. Preadipocytes isolated from harvested fat are better able to withstand the mechanical trauma from the suction cannula and subsequently may result in improved cell survival and generation of new fat tissue after transfer to another anatomic site. The authors hypothesized that particulate small intestinal submucosa could be useful as injectable cell delivery vehicles for preadipocytes, and that the release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 would enhance vascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preadipocytes were isolated from discarded human adipose tissue and cultured on small intestinal submucosa particles in a stirred bioreactor (spinner flask). Preadipocytes attached and proliferated on small intestinal submucosa microparticles and maintained high viability over several weeks of culture. FGF-2 was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres and injected in conjunction with the preadipocyte/small intestinal submucosa particles into a mouse subcutaneous model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preadipocytes attached and proliferated on small intestinal submucosa particles in vitro. In vivo, vascularization was significantly enhanced with the incorporation of FGF-2-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. In addition, cell survival during the 14-day in vivo observation period was confirmed by fluorescent dye labeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small intestinal submucosa particles are a favorable scaffold for preadipocytes, allowing ex vivo proliferation on particles small enough to be injected. Delivery of FGF-2 from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres resulted in cell survival and enhanced vascularization.
authors: Pittsburgh, Pa. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
authors: Kacey G
authors: KG
authors: Marra
authors: Alicia J
authors: AJ
authors: DeFail
authors: Julio A
authors: JA
authors: Clavijo-Alvarez
authors: Stephen F
authors: SF
authors: Badylak
authors: Aurele
authors: A
authors: Taieb
authors: Bret
authors: B
authors: Schipper
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Bennett
authors: J Peter
authors: JP
authors: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008863:Microspheres; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2