title: Decreased number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Migraine carries an increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases that cannot be explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) number is a surrogate biologic marker of vascular function, and diminished EPC counts are associated with higher cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether abnormalities in EPC levels and functions are present in migraine patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive headache patients (n =166) were enrolled, including those with tension type headache (TTH; n = 74), migraine without aura (MO; n = 67), and migraine with aura (MA; n = 25). EPC colony-forming units in peripheral blood samples and migratory capacity to chemoattractants (stromal cell-derived factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and cellular senescence levels were assayed in risk factor-matched subjects (n = 6 per group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TTH group had more cardiovascular risk factors, more headache days, and higher Framingham risk scores than the other two groups. Mean numbers of EPC colony-forming units were 47.8 +/- 24.3 in TTH, 20.4 +/-22.2 in MO, and 8.6 +/- 10.1 in MA patients (p < 0.001 in TTH vs MO; p = 0.001 in MO vs MA). EPC colony counts of normal subjects (n = 37) were not significantly different from those with TTH. Multiple linear regression models identified only MO, MA, and the presence of migraine (MO + MA) as significant predictors of EPC levels. In addition, EPCs from migraine patients (MO and MA) showed reduced migratory capacity and increased cellular senescence compared with EPCs from TTH or normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) numbers and functions are reduced in migraine patients, suggesting that EPCs can be an underlying link between migraine and cardiovascular risk.
authors: Stroke and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, 28, Yongon-Dong, Chongro-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea.
authors: S-T
authors: ST
authors: Lee
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Chu
authors: K-H
authors: KH
authors: Jung
authors: D-H
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: E-H
authors: EH
authors: Kim
authors: V N
authors: VN
authors: Choe
authors: J-H
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: W-S
authors: WS
authors: Im
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kang
authors: J-E
authors: JE
authors: Park
authors: H-J
authors: HJ
authors: Park
authors: H-K
authors: HK
authors: Park
authors: E-C
authors: EC
authors: Song
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Lee
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kim
authors: J-K
authors: JK
authors: Roh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers