title: Free radical destruction of beta-blockers in aqueous solution.
abstract: Many pharmaceutical compounds and metabolites are currently found in surface and ground waters which indicates their ineffective removal by conventional water treatment technologies. Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/ RPs) are alternatives to traditional water treatment, which utilize free radical reactions to directly degrade chemical contaminants. This study reports the absolute rate constants for reaction of three beta-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol) with the two major AO/RP radicals; the hydroxyl radical (*OH) and hydrated electron ((e-)aq). The bimolecular reaction rate constants for *OH are (7.05 +/- 0.27) x 10(9), (8.39 +/- 0.06) x 10(9), and (1.07 +/- 0.02) x 10(10), and for (e-)aq they are (5.91 +/- 0.21) x 10(8), (1.73 +/- 0.03) x 10(8), and (1.26 +/- 0.02) x 10(10), respectively. Transient spectra were observed for the intermediate radicals produced by hydroxyl radical reactions. In addition, preliminary degradation mechanisms and major products were elucidated using 60Co gamma-irradiation and LC-MS. These data are required for both evaluating the potential use of AO/RPs for the destruction of these compounds and for studies of their fate and transport in surface waters where radical chemistry may be important in assessing their lifetime.
authors: Urban Water Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine 92697-2175, USA. wsong@uci.edu
authors: Weihua
authors: W
authors: Song
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Cooper
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: Mezyk
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Greaves
authors: Barrie M
authors: BM
authors: Peake
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D005609:Free Radicals; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water