title: Are preservatives necessary in 24-hour urine measurements?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  24-h urine measurements are used in the routine diagnosis and follow-up of many diseases in the clinical laboratory. Calcium (Ca(2+)), magnesium (Mg(2+)), phosphate (PO(4)(3-)) and uric acid are frequently requested markers in 24-h urine samples. Because of the different solubilities of these parameters, different urine collection conditions - urine in base for uric acid and urine in acid for Ca(2+), PO(4)(3-) and Mg(2+) measurements - are recommended.
  
  
  METHODS
  We aimed to test the effect of addition of preservatives and heating of the urine specimen on the results obtained for Ca(2+), Mg(2+), PO(4)(3-) and uric acid by comparison with untreated samples results. Spot (n=20) and 24-h urine (n=50) samples were obtained from patients for routine urine analysis. A single spot urine sample was divided into five aliquots of 10 mL each: one containing 200 microL of HCl (6 N), another containing 200 microL of sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO(3) (5 g/L), two others in which the same preservative agents were added 24 h after the collection, and one without any preservative (untreated). Ca(2+), PO(4)(3-), uric acid and Mg(2+) were measured in triplicate and at three different time points during the study: at the time of sampling (0 h), 24 h after sampling, and after heating the samples. The 24-h urine samples were collected without preservatives and analytes were measured promptly before and after acidification/alkalinization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between untreated and treated samples (p>0.05). Heating also failed to show any difference in the results (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, addition of preservatives is not necessary for measurement of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), PO(4)(3-) and uric acid in promptly assayed 24-h urine samples.
authors: Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ulucanlar Cad., Cebeci, Ankara 06340, Turkey.
authors: Gülsen
authors: G
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Fatma Meriç
authors: FM
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Aylin
authors: A
authors: Hakligör
authors: Doğan
authors: D
authors: Yücel
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000652:urine; D010710:Phosphates / Q000652:urine; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D014527:Uric Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium