title: [Clinical features of hepatolenticular degeneration in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical features and liver pathology in children with hepatolenticular degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical manifestations and results of lab tests and liver biopsies of 97 cases diagnosed as hepatolenticular degeneration in Children's Hospital of Fudan University from Jan 1990 to Nov 2006 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manifestations of liver malfunction were the most common reason (74%) for their clinic visits. All cases showed liver involvement and nervous system involvement was found in 45%. Positive K-F rings were detected in 63 of 95 cases; ceruloplasmin level was low in 91 of the 94 cases, and 24 hour urinary copper excretion exceeded 100 microg in 25 out of 37 cases who had had this test. Seventeen cases had a liver biopsy. Various levels of inflammation and fibrosis were noted in all 17 biopsies; 8 of the 17 also had steatosis and 3 of the 17 also had glycogen accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver abnormality is a consistent feature in children with hepatolenticular degeneration. Corneal K-F rings, serum ceruloplasmin and the 24-hour urinary copper test have limited values for an early diagnosis of the disease. Liver pathology can be a reference in the diagnosis of hepatolenticular degeneration.
authors: Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Lu
authors: Xiao-hong
authors: XH
authors: Wang
authors: Jian-she
authors: JS
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies