title: Paper and board mill effluent treatment with the combined biological-coagulation-filtration pilot scale reactor.
abstract: Pilot scale reactor based on combined biological-coagulation-filtration treatments was designed and evaluated for the treatment of effluent from a paper and board mill. Biological treatment by fed batch reactor (FBR) followed by coagulation and sand filtration (SF) resulted in a total COD and BOD reduction of 93% and 96.5%, respectively. A significant reduction in both COD (90%) and BOD (92%) was also observed by sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process followed by coagulation and filtration. Untreated effluent was found to be toxic, whereas the treated effluents by either of the above two processes were found to be non-toxic when exposed to the fish for 72h. The resultant effluent from FBR-coagulation-sand filtration system meets National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan and can be discharged into the environment without any risks.
authors: Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan. afzal@nibge.org
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Afzal
authors: Ghulam
authors: G
authors: Shabir
authors: Irshad
authors: I
authors: Hussain
authors: Zafar M
authors: ZM
authors: Khalid
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010209:Paper; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014873:Water Pollutants