Psychiatric education and simulation: a review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
Simulation methodologies are integral to health professional education at all levels of training and across all disciplines. This article reviews the literature on simulation in psychiatric education and explores recent innovations and emerging ethical considerations related to teaching and evaluation.


METHODS
The authors searched the MEDLINE, ERIC, and PsycINFO databases from 1986 to 2006 using multiple search terms. A detailed manual search was conducted of Academic Psychiatry, Academic Medicine, and Medical Education. Literature indirectly relevant to the search parameter was also included.


RESULTS
Of the more than 5000 articles retrieved from the literature on simulation and health professional education, 72 articles and books used the terms simulation and standardized patients or role play and psychiatry education. Of the more than 900 articles on objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), 24 articles related specifically to psychiatry OSCEs.


CONCLUSIONS
Live simulation is used in teaching, assessment, and research at all levels of training in psychiatric education. Simulated and standardized patients are useful and appropriate for teaching and assessment and are well accepted at both undergraduate and post-graduate level. There is also an important place for role play. Further research is needed regarding the implications of different simulation technologies in psychiatry.
McNaughton
Nancy
N
Standardized Patient Program, University of Toronto, Ontario. n.mcnaughton@utoronto.ca
Ravitz
Paula
P
Wadell
Andrea
A
Hodges
Brian D
BD
D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D006801:Humans; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education* / Q000941:ethics; D012381:Role Playing; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*