title: Impact of heart failure on patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in the demographics and epidemiology of patients with cardiovascular comorbidities who undergo major noncardiac surgery require an updated assessment of which patients are at greater risk of mortality or readmission. The authors evaluated short-term outcomes among patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease (CAD), or neither who underwent major noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were aged 65 and older, had Medicare fee-for-service coverage, and underwent 1 of 13 major noncardiac procedures from 2000 through 2004, excluding patients with end-stage renal disease and patients who did not have at least 1 yr of Medicare fee-for-service eligibility before surgery. Main outcome measures were operative mortality and 30-day all-cause readmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 159,327 procedures, 18% were performed in patients with heart failure and 34% were performed in patients with CAD. Adjusted hazard ratios of mortality and readmission for patients with heart failure, compared with patients with neither heart failure nor CAD, were 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.52-1.74) and 1.51 (95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.58), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios of mortality and readmission for patients with CAD, compared with patients with neither heart failure nor CAD, were 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.16) and 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.20), respectively. These effects were statistically significant. Patients with heart failure were at significantly higher risk for both outcomes compared with patients with CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients with heart failure who undergo major surgical procedures have substantially higher risks of operative mortality and hospital readmission than other patients, including those with coronary disease, admitted for the same procedures. Improvements in perioperative care are needed for the growing population of patients with heart failure undergoing major noncardiac surgery.
authors: Center for Clinical and Genetic Economics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Bradley G
authors: BG
authors: Hammill
authors: Lesley H
authors: LH
authors: Curtis
authors: Elliott
authors: E
authors: Bennett-Guerrero
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: O'Connor
authors: James G
authors: JG
authors: Jollis
authors: Kevin A
authors: KA
authors: Schulman
authors: Adrian F
authors: AF
authors: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000639:trends; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000639:trends