title: Untreated ADHD in adults: are there sex differences in symptoms, comorbidity, and impairment?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze sex differences among adult, never-treated patients referred for central stimulant treatment of ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for 600 consecutive patients from northern Norway referred for evaluation by an expert team during 7 years were analyzed. General background information, diagnostic and social history, and symptom profiles were compared between previously never-treated men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sex ratio was skewed. Of the previously untreated patients, more than 20% fell outside society's ordinary vocational activities or social benefit system. Most patients had the combined form, one third the inattentive type, and only 2% the hyperactive/impulsive subtype. Abuse and criminality were more common among men, and affective, eating, and somatization disorders were more common among women. Otherwise few sex differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD/HD symptom intensity and subtypes did not differ between the sexes and was unrelated to age. Symptom intensity was linked with criminality, abuse, and other psychiatric problems, differentially for the two sexes.
authors: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway. Kirsten.rasmussen@svt.ntnu.no
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Rasmussen
authors: Sten
authors: S
authors: Levander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult