title: Second cancers in patients with the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients are at risk of second malignancies (SM) after treatment for Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (ESFT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of 237 patients with ESFT treated at our institution from September 1979 through to February 2004. Cumulative incidence (CI) of SM by the type of malignancy and treatment was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients with SM were identified. Secondary leukaemia (SL) developed in 8 patients (2 ALL, 6 MDS/AML), a median 2.6 years (range 1.4-19.6 years) after diagnosis of ESFT. Four patients had secondary solid tumours, a median 8.0 years (range 7.4-9.4 years) after the ESFT diagnosis. Five- and 10-year estimates of the CI of SM were 3.0+/-1.1% and 4.7+/-1.5%, respectively. Patients treated on recent protocols with higher cumulative doses or an increased dose intensity of alkylators and epipodophyllotoxins and the use of G-CSF had a higher estimated CI of SL than those in earlier studies (5-year CI 6.4+/-2.4% versus 0.0+/-0.0%, respectively, P=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ESFT are at risk for SM after treatment. The cumulative incidence of SM is higher with the current treatment protocols and may be related to the intensification of chemotherapeutic agents.
authors: Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale Street, Memphis, TN 38105, United States. fariba.navid@stjude.org
authors: Fariba
authors: F
authors: Navid
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Billups
authors: Tiebin
authors: T
authors: Liu
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Krasin
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Rodriguez-Galindo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000209:etiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000139:chemically induced; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor