title: Application of 10% imidacloprid/50% permethrin to prevent Ehrlichia canis exposure in dogs under natural conditions.
abstract: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) caused by Ehrlichia canis is the most known canine tick-borne disease (TBD) spread throughout the world. Preventing tick bites is a priority to reduce the risk of TBDs and it was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% (ImPer) (Advantix; Bayer AG, Germany) in a spot-on formulation to control CME under field conditions. On January-March 2005, 845 dogs from two kennels in southern Italy (kennels of Bari (KB)- and Ginosa (KG)), with a history of tick infestation were initially tested by serology and PCR assay for E. canis infection. Data on Leishmania infantum infection were also available from a previous study carried out on the same dog population. One hundred twenty-six dogs (14.9%) presented anti-E. canis antibodies with a relative prevalence of 15.6% (n=65 dogs in KB) and 14.2% (n=61 dogs in KG). Five hundred thirty-five animals found negative both for E. canis and L. infantum infections were enrolled in three groups (Group A--treated with ImPer once a month; Group B--treated every 2 weeks; and Group C--untreated control animals) and monitored for E. canis infection by serology and PCR in November 2005 (first follow-up) and in March 2006 (second follow-up). The E. canis infection was serologically revealed, at the first and/or second follow-up, in 26 animals from Group C in KB and KG (mean incidence density rate (IDR), 13.24%) while in none of the animals from Group A (KB and KG) and only in one animal from Group B (IDR 1.13%) in KG. The final protection efficacy of ImPer ranged from 95.57% to 100% in Groups B and A. At PCR only 15 dogs from KG were positive for Rickettsiales only at the first follow-up and at the sequence analysis two (both in Group C) revealed 100% homology with E. canis sequences while 13 with Anaplasma platys. Four out of 13 A. platys PCR-positive dogs were also seropositive for E. canis at one or both follow-ups. ImPer, by virtue of its repellent and acaricidal activity against ticks, has been shown to be efficacious to prevent E. canis infection in treated dogs living under natural conditions in endemic areas.
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy. d.otranto@veterinaria.uniba.it
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Otranto
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Paradies
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Testini
authors: Maria Stefania
authors: MS
authors: Latrofa
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Weigl
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Cantacessi
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Mencke
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: de Caprariis
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Parisi
authors: Gioia
authors: G
authors: Capelli
authors: Dorothee
authors: D
authors: Stanneck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000382:microbiology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D041061:Ehrlichia canis / Q000276:immunology*; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013987:Ticks / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D026023:Permethrin