title: Gene-expression profiling of gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear whether the host response of gram-positive sepsis differs from gram-negative sepsis at a transcriptome level. Using microarray technology, we compared the gene-expression profiles of gram-positive sepsis and gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-bed general intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravenous blood was collected for leukocyte separation and RNA extraction. Microarray experiments were then performed examining the expression level of 18,664 genes in each sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in the expression profile between gram-positive and gram-negative sepsis. The finding remained unchanged even when genes with lower expression level were included or after statistical stringency was lowered. There were, however, 94 genes differentially expressed between sepsis and control patients. These genes included those involved in immune regulation, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that the difference in gene expression profile existed between sepsis and control patients but not between gram-positive and gram-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gram-positive sepsis and gram-negative sepsis share a common host response at a transcriptome level. These findings support the hypothesis that the septic response is nonspecific and is designed to provide a more general response that can be elicited by a wide range of different microorganisms.
authors: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia.
authors: Benjamin M P
authors: BM
authors: Tang
authors: Anthony S
authors: AS
authors: McLean
authors: Ian W
authors: IW
authors: Dawes
authors: Stephen J
authors: SJ
authors: Huang
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Cowley
authors: Ruby C Y
authors: RC
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018805:Sepsis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*