title: Effects of third-generation oral contraceptives on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and homocysteine in young women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of third-generation oral contraceptives on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine, and lipids levels in a population of young, fertile, nonobese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood markers were evaluated in 277 healthy white women (mean age 23 years and mean body-mass index 21 kg/m(2)). Seventy-seven oral contraceptive users were compared with 200 non-oral contraceptive users. Progressive cutoffs of high-sensitivity CRP and homocysteine levels were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of high-sensitivity CRP posing a high risk of cardiovascular disease (3.0 to less than 10.0 mg/L) were found in 27.3% of oral contraceptive users and in 8.5% of non-oral contraceptive users (odds ratio 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-8.18). Levels of high-sensitivity CRP at intermediate risk (1.0 to less than 3.0 mg/L) were found in 32.5% of oral contraceptive users and in 11.0% of non-oral contraceptive users (odds ratio 3.89; 95% CI 2.03-7.46). Notably, non-oral contraceptive users were 8.65 (95% CI 4.39-17.1) times as likely to demonstrate a protective level of high-sensitivity CRP (less than 0.5 mg/L) compared with oral contraceptive users. Oral contraceptive use increased serum triglycerides (P<.001) and total cholesterol P=.001); however, high-density lipoprotein, not low-density lipoprotein, contributed to this increase. A decreased ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in oral contraceptive users compared with nonusers (P=.016). Oral contraceptive use did not affect homocysteine levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Third-generation oral contraceptive use increases low-grade inflammatory status measured by high-sensitivity CRP concentrations. Alteration of inflammatory status in oral contraceptive users could affect the risk of venous thromboembolism, cardiovascular disease, and other oral contraceptive-associated adverse conditions in young women.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. scauci@mail.dstb.uniud.it
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Cauci
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Di Santolo
authors: Jennifer F
authors: JF
authors: Culhane
authors: Giuliana
authors: G
authors: Stel
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Gonano
authors: Secondo
authors: S
authors: Guaschino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D014280:Triglycerides; D006710:Homocysteine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein