title: Biomonitoring method for the simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for assessment of environmental exposure.
abstract: The aim of this work is to propose a biomonitoring method for the simultaneous determination of Cd and Pb in whole blood by simultaneous electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for assessment of environmental levels. A volume of 200 microL of whole blood was diluted in 500 microL of 0.2% (wv(-1)) Triton) X-100+2.0% (vv(-1)) HNO3. Trichloroacetic acid was added for protein precipitation and the supernatant analyzed. A mixture of 250 microg W+200 microg Rh as permanent and 2.0% (wv(-1)) NH4H2PO4 as co-injected modifiers were used. Characteristic masses and limits of detections (n=20, 3s) for Cd and Pb were 1.26 and 33 pg and 0.026 microg L(-1) and 0.65 microg L(-1), respectively. Repeatability ranged from 1.8 to 6.8% for Cd and 1.2 to 1.7% for Pb. The trueness of method was checked by the analysis of three Reference Materials: Lyphocheck Whole Blood Metals Control level 1 and Seronorm Trace Elements in Whole Blood levels 1 and 2. The found concentrations presented no statistical differences at the 95% confidence level. Blood samples from 40 volunteers without occupational exposure were analyzed and the concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.71 microg L(-1) (0.32+/-0.19 microg L(-1)) for Cd and 9.3 to 56.7 microg L(-1) (25.1+/-10.8 microgL(-1)) for Pb.
authors: Cia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental-CETESB, 05459-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors: Fábio
authors: F
authors: Kummrow
authors: Fábio F
authors: FF
authors: Silva
authors: Rúbia
authors: R
authors: Kuno
authors: Alexandre L
authors: AL
authors: Souza
authors: Pedro V
authors: PV
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead