title: Coordinated nuclear receptor regulation of the efflux transporter, Mrp2, and the phase-II metabolizing enzyme, GSTpi, at the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: Xenobiotic efflux pumps at the blood-brain barrier are critical modulators of central nervous system pharmacotherapy. We previously found expression of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), in rat brain capillaries, and showed increased expression and transport activity of the drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein, in capillaries exposed to PXR ligands (pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN) and dexamethasone) in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show increased protein expression and transport activity of another efflux pump, multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 2 (Mrp2), in rat brain capillaries after in vitro and in vivo exposure to PCN and dexamethasone. The phase-II drug-metabolizing enzyme, glutathione S-transferase-pi (GSTpi), was found to be expressed in brain capillaries, where it colocalized to a large extent with Mrp2 at the endothelial cell luminal plasma membrane. Like Mrp2, GSTpi protein expression increased with PXR activation. Colocalization and coordinated upregulation suggest functional coupling of the metabolizing enzyme and efflux transporter. These findings indicate that, as in hepatocytes, brain capillaries possess a regulatory network consisting of nuclear receptors, metabolizing enzymes, and efflux transporters, which modulate blood-brain barrier function.
authors: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Bauer
authors: Anika M S
authors: AM
authors: Hartz
authors: Jonathan R
authors: JR
authors: Lucking
authors: Xiaodong
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Gary M
authors: GM
authors: Pollack
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile / Q000494:pharmacology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D003907:Dexamethasone; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011285:Pregnenolone Carbonitrile; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; C423013:Abcc2 protein, rat; C489542:Abcc4 protein, rat