title: Extraordinary refractive-index increase in lithium niobate caused by low-dose ion implantation.
abstract: Multienergy Cu(+) ions with total dose of ~10(14) ions/cm(2) were implanted into LiNbO(3) crystals to form a nearly homogenous damage profile from the sample surface to the end of the ions' track. The extraordinary refractive-index enhancement was found in the damage region by observation of the dark mode. The extraordinary index showed an increasing trend until the ion dose reached a critical value. The largest index enhancement was ~0.0132. By use of low-dose ion implantation, we determined that the decreased spontaneous polarization caused the extraordinary index increase.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hu
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Lu
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: B R
authors: BR
authors: Shi
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Wang
authors: D Y
authors: DY
authors: Shen