Nuclear receptors and inflammatory diseases.
It is well known that the steroid hormone glucocorticoid and its nuclear receptor regulate the inflammatory process, a crucial component in the pathophysiological process related to human diseases that include atherosclerosis, obesity and type II diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and liver tumors. Growing evidence demonstrates that orphan and adopted orphan nuclear receptors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, liver x receptors, the farnesoid x receptor, NR4As, retinoid x receptors, and the pregnane x receptor, regulate the inflammatory and metabolic profiles in a ligand-dependent or -independent manner in human and animal models. This review summarizes the regulatory roles of these nuclear receptors in the inflammatory process and the underlying mechanisms.
Wang
Kun
K
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. ywan@kumc.edu
Wan
Yu-Jui Yvonne
YJ
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D016207:Cytokines; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear