title: Sexual agency versus relational factors: a study of condom use antecedents among high-risk young African American women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence that female partners exert regarding condom use is not well known. In the present study, the relative roles of personal sexual agency and relational factors in determining whether young African American women engaged in unprotected vaginal sex (UVS) were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study of 713 young, African American women (aged 15-21 years) was conducted. Data were collected using an audio-computer assisted self-interview. Three measures of sexual agency were assessed and three relational factors were assessed. To help assure validity in the outcome measure, condom use was assessed in five different ways. Multivariate analyses were used to determine whether variables independently predicted UVS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the six predictor variables achieved multivariate significance with all five measures of condom use: (1) fear of negotiating condom use with male partners, and (2) indicating that stopping to use condoms takes the fun out of sex. A relational factor (male-dominated power imbalances) achieved multivariate significance for four of the five measures of UVS. A sexual agency factor (whether young women greatly enjoyed sex) achieved multivariate significance for three of the five measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that young African American women at high-risk of sexually transmissible infections (STI)/HIV acquisition may experience male-dominated power imbalances and also fear the process of negotiating condom use with their male partners. Although these factors were independently associated with UVS, two factors pertaining to sexual agency of these young women were also important predictors of UVS. Intervention efforts designed to avert STI/HIV acquisition among young African American women should therefore include programs to address both sexual agency and relational factors.
authors: College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 121 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Crosby
authors: Ralph J
authors: RJ
authors: DiClemente
authors: Gina M
authors: GM
authors: Wingood
authors: Laura F
authors: LF
authors: Salazar
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Head
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Rose
authors: Jessica
authors: J
authors: McDermott-Sales
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D011209:Power, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health