title: Most pancreatic cancer resections are R1 resections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Curative resection has been shown to be one of the key factors influencing survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Although general guidelines for the processing of pancreatic specimens have been established, there is currently no widely accepted standardized protocol for pathological examination, especially with respect to resection margins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here we present a single-center experience with 111 consecutive macroscopic complete pancreatic head resections for PDAC carried out between 2005 and 2006 by using standardized pathological processing and reporting. The pancreatic transection margin, as well as the bile duct and stomach/duodenum margins and the circumferential soft tissue margins (medial, anterior surface, superior, and posterior), were inked and analyzed. R1 was defined as a distance of the tumor from the resection margin of < or = 1 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-eight consecutive macroscopic complete pancreatic head resections carried out for PDAC without a standardized protocol between 2002 and 2004 were used as a control group. The R1 rate for resections carried out with the standardized protocol was 76%. The medial (68%) and the posterior (47%) margins were most commonly involved, and in 32% of the cases, more than one margin was affected. The R1 resection rate in the period without standardized pathological reporting was 14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of pathological reporting and suggests that tumor growth patterns and thorough examination but not surgical technique determine R1 resection rates in PDAC.
authors: Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Esposito@lrz.tum.de
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Esposito
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Kleeff
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Bergmann
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Reiser
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Herpel
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Friess
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Schirmacher
authors: Markus W
authors: MW
authors: Büchler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy