title: Exercise-induced regulation of phospholemman (FXYD1) in rat skeletal muscle: implications for Na+/K+-ATPase activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity is upregulated during muscle exercise to maintain ionic homeostasis. One mechanism may involve movement of alpha-subunits to the outer membrane (translocation).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the existence of exercise-induced translocation and phosphorylation of phospholemman (PLM, FXYD1) protein in rat skeletal muscle and exercise-induced changes in V(max) and K(m) for Na(+) of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two membrane fractionation methods and immunoprecipitation were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fractionation methods revealed a 200-350% increase in PLM in the sarcolemma after 30 min of treadmill running, while the phosphorylation of Ser-68 of PLM appeared to be unchanged. Exercise did not change V(max) or K(m) for Na(+) of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in muscle homogenate, but induced a 67% increase in V(max) in the sarcolemmal giant vesicle preparation; K(m) for Na(+) remained constant. The main part of the increase in V(max) is related to a 36-53% increase in the level of alpha-subunits; the remainder may be related to increased PLM content. Similar results were obtained with another membrane purification method. In resting muscle, 29% and 32% of alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-subunits, respectively, were co-immunoprecipitated by PLM antibodies. In muscle homogenate prepared after exercise, immunoprecipitation of alpha(1)-subunits was increased to 227%, whereas the fraction of precipitated alpha(2) remained constant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise translocates PLM to the muscle outer membrane and increases its association with mainly the alpha(1)-subunit, which may contribute to the increased V(max) of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Rasmussen
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kristensen
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Juel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D051244:Caveolin 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051244:Caveolin 3; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C069141:phospholemman; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase