title: OspF directly attenuates the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase during invasion by Shigella flexneri in human dendritic cells.
abstract: Shigella spp., Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, deliver various effector molecules into the host cell cytoplasm through their type III secretion system to facilitate their invasive process and control the host innate immune responses. Although the function of these effectors is well characterized in epithelial cells during Shigella infection, it has not been elucidated in the dendritic cell (DC), a major antigen presenting cell playing an important role in the initiation of immune responses. In this study, we showed that an invasive Shigella strain (M90T), but not its non-invasive counterpart strain (BS176) induced apoptotic cell death in the human monocyte-derived DCs. Confocal microscopy using a lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 specific antibody demonstrated that the M90T escaped from phagosomes 2h post-DC invasion while BS176 remained in the phagosome. Furthermore, Shigella expressed outer Shigella protein F (OspF), one of the effector proteins that are released through type III secretion system during the invasion, at non-secretion state and further up-regulated OspF expression in the cytoplasm of DC during the invasion. Interestingly, in the host cell, OspF could directly bind to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 and dephosphorylate phospho-Erk. These results suggest that induction of OspF is enhanced during Shigella invasion of DCs and decreases the phosphorylation level of Erk1/2, which could be at least partially involved in the apoptotic death of DC, eventually resulting in the down-regulation of the host immune response.
authors: International Vaccine Institute, SNU Research Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors: Dong Wook
authors: DW
authors: Kim
authors: Hyuk
authors: H
authors: Chu
authors: Dong Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Joo
authors: Mi Seon
authors: MS
authors: Jang
authors: Jin Huk
authors: JH
authors: Choi
authors: Sung-Moo
authors: SM
authors: Park
authors: Yun-Jae
authors: YJ
authors: Choi
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Han
authors: Cheol-Heui
authors: CH
authors: Yun
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D052119:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C497811:LAMP2 protein, human; D052119:Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2; D051907:Lysosomal Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3