title: Müllerian anomalies "without a classification": from the didelphys-unicollis uterus to the bicervical uterus with or without septate vagina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To point out possible discrepancies in the classic hypothesis of Müllerian development and to present cases that support an alternative hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six women with uterine malformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical, clinical, and outpatient evaluation of the anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of the genital anomalies according to our embryologic investigations and embryologic-clinical classification and standard classifications for Müllerian malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have included examples of cases presenting with didelphys uterus with normal cervix, didelphys uterus with septate cervix, and bicornuate (or didelphys) uterus with septate cervix and vagina versus septate uterus with double cervix and vagina, septate bicervical uterus with isthmic communication, and normal simplex uterus with septate cervix and vagina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These case reports prove that the fusion and reabsorption processes in the development of the Müllerian ducts can be affected to different degrees in the superior-convergent and inferior-divergent portions, thus resulting in atypical or transitional cases without a classification. Therefore, for a more appropriate classification of the uterine malformations, even if the same degrees of fusion, resorption, and development defects are used, a separate classification should be made for each superior and inferior uterine segment.
authors: Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of San Juan, Department/Division of Gynecology, Miguel Hernández University, Campus of San Juan, Alicante, Spain. acien@umh.es
authors: Pedro
authors: P
authors: Acién
authors: Maribel
authors: M
authors: Acién
authors: M Luisa
authors: ML
authors: Sánchez-Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery