title: Coffee and tea consumption and risk of stroke subtypes in male smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coffee and tea consumption could potentially reduce the risk of stroke because these beverages have antioxidant properties, and coffee may improve insulin sensitivity. We examined the associations of coffee and tea consumption with risk of stroke subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used prospective data from the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a cohort study of 26 556 male Finnish smokers aged 50 to 69 years without a history of stroke at baseline. Coffee and tea consumption was assessed at baseline using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. During a mean follow-up of 13.6 years, from 1985 through December 2004, 2702 cerebral infarctions, 383 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 196 subarachnoid hemorrhages were ascertained from national registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age and cardiovascular risk factors, both consumption of coffee and tea was statistically significantly inversely associated with the risk of cerebral infarction but not intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The multivariate relative risk of cerebral infarction for men in the highest category of coffee consumption (>/=8 cups/d) was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.90; P for trend <0.001) compared with those in the lowest category (<2 cups/d). The corresponding relative risk comparing men in the highest category of tea consumption (>/=2 cups/d) with those in the lowest category (nondrinkers) was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92; P for trend=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that high consumption of coffee and tea may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction among men, independent of known cardiovascular risk factors.
authors: Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. susanna.larsson@ki.se
authors: Susanna C
authors: SC
authors: Larsson
authors: Satu
authors: S
authors: Männistö
authors: Mikko J
authors: MJ
authors: Virtanen
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Kontto
authors: Demetrius
authors: D
authors: Albanes
authors: Jarmo
authors: J
authors: Virtamo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea