title: Noninvasive molecular imaging of small living subjects using Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Molecular imaging of living subjects continues to rapidly evolve with bioluminescence and fluorescence strategies, in particular being frequently used for small-animal models. This article presents noninvasive deep-tissue molecular images in a living subject with the use of Raman spectroscopy. We describe a strategy for small-animal optical imaging based on Raman spectroscopy and Raman nanoparticles. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to demonstrate whole-body Raman imaging, nanoparticle pharmacokinetics, multiplexing, and in vivo tumor targeting, using an imaging system adapted for small-animal Raman imaging. The imaging modality reported here holds significant potential as a strategy for biomedical imaging of living subjects.
authors: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Keren
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zavaleta
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
authors: A
authors: A
authors: de la Zerda
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Gheysens
authors: S S
authors: SS
authors: Gambhir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*