title: Muscarinic receptors involved in airway vascular leakage induced by experimental gastro-oesophageal reflux.
abstract: Gastro-oesophageal acid reflux may cause airway responses such as cough, bronchoconstriction and inflammation in asthmatic patients. Studies in humans or in animals have suggested that these responses involve cholinergic nerves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the efferent vagal component on airway microvascular leakage induced by instillation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the oesophagus of guinea-pigs and the subtype of muscarinic receptors involved. Airway microvascular leakage induced by intra-oesophageal HCl instillation was abolished by bilateral vagotomy or by the nicotinic receptor antagonist, hexamethonium. HCl-induced leakage was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, a non-specific muscarinic receptor antagonist, and also by pretreatment with either pirenzepine, a muscarinic M(1) receptor antagonist, or 4-DAMP, a muscarinic M(3) receptor antagonist. Pirenzepine was more potent than atropine and 4-DAMP. These antagonists were also studied on airway microvascular leakage or bronchoconstriction induced by intravenous administration of acetylcholine (ACh). Atropine, pirenzepine and 4-DAMP inhibited ACh-induced airway microvascular leakage with similar potencies. In sharp contrast, 4-DAMP and atropine were more potent inhibitors of ACh-induced bronchoconstriction than pirenzepine. Methoctramine, a muscarinic M(2) receptor antagonist, was ineffective in all experimental conditions. These results suggest that airway microvascular leakage caused by HCl intra-oesophageal instillation involves ACh release from vagus nerve terminals and that M(1) and M(3) receptors play a major role in cholinergic-mediated microvascular leakage, whereas M(3) receptors are mainly involved in ACh-induced bronchoconstriction.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors: Yong-Yao
authors: YY
authors: Cui
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Zhu
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Advenier
authors: Hong-Zhuan
authors: HZ
authors: Chen
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Devillier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000187:drug effects; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000187:drug effects; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4 / Q000187:drug effects; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D003959:Diamines; D005730:Ganglionic Blockers; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010880:Piperidines; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D018738:Hexamethonium; D010890:Pirenzepine; D001285:Atropine; C042375:4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium; C054938:methoctramine