title: Oxidative stress parameters as possible urine markers in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was performed to assess oxidative stress parameters-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reactive carbonyl derivates (RCDs), and total sulfhydryl groups (TSHGs)-in serum and urine of patients with DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  All parameters were determined in patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (DMT2-MIA, DMT1-MIA, respectively) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and macroalbuminuria (DMT2-MAA) compared to healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum and urine TBARS levels were higher in all patients with DN and microalbiminuria compared to the control group. RCD levels significantly increased in serum of patients with DMT2 relative to the controls as well as in urine of patients with DMT2-MAA and DMT1-MIA. In all groups of patients, TSHGs decreased in serum but not in urine of patients with DMT2-MAA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine TBARS, RCDs, and TSHGs could be proposed as possible markers for oxidative damage of kidney in DN.
authors: Clinic of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, Clinical Center, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
authors: Tatjana
authors: T
authors: Cvetković
authors: Branka
authors: B
authors: Mitić
authors: Gordana
authors: G
authors: Lazarević
authors: Predrag
authors: P
authors: Vlahović
authors: Slobodan
authors: S
authors: Antić
authors: Vladisav
authors: V
authors: Stefanović
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D010455:Peptides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D019270:Fructosamine; D003404:Creatinine