title: Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in HIV outpatients: persistent or transient?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients remains incompletely characterized. The aim of the present study was to describe epidemiologic and molecular features of S. aureus nasal colonization in HIV outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV outpatients with no history of hospitalization within the previous 2 years were screened for S aureus nasal colonization. Three samples were collected from each patient, and the risk factors for colonization were assessed. Nasal carriage was classified as persistent colonization, transient colonization, or no colonization. Persistent colonization was subdivided into simple (same DNA profile) or multiple (different DNA profiles) using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for genotyping the strains of S. aureus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 111 patients were evaluated, of which 70 (63.1%) had at least 1 positive culture for S aureus. Patients in clinical stages of AIDS were more likely to be colonized than non-AIDS patients (P = .02). Among the patients with S aureus nasal carriage, 25.2% were transient carriers and 39.4% were persistent carriers. PFGE analysis showed that the persistent colonization was simple in 24 patients and multiple in 17 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HIV patients had a high rate of S. aureus nasal colonization. The most common characteristic of colonization was simple persistent colonization showing the same genomic profile.
authors: Infectious Diseases Division, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. padoveze@hc.unicamp.br
authors: Maria Clara
authors: MC
authors: Padoveze
authors: Rogério
authors: R
authors: de Jesus Pedro
authors: Dulcinéa
authors: D
authors: Blum-Menezes
authors: Orlando José
authors: OJ
authors: Bratfich
authors: Maria Luiza
authors: ML
authors: Moretti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial