title: Endometrial biopsy-induced gene modulation: first evidence for the expression of bladder-transmembranal uroplakin Ib in human endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possibility that endometrial injury modulates the expression of specific genes that may increase uterine receptivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical IVF unit and academic research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  IVF patients with 28- to 30-day menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsies from two groups of patients were collected on days 20-21 of their spontaneous menstrual cycle. The experimental, but not the control, group underwent biopsies on days 11-13 and 21-24 of their preceding cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Global endometrial gene expression and specific analysis of uroplakin Ib (UPIb) mRNA level throughout the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local injury modulated the expression of a wide variety of genes. One of the prominently up-regulated genes was the bladder transmembranal protein, UPIb, whose expression by the endometrium is shown here for the first time. Endometrial UPIb mRNA increases after biopsy in the same cycle wct 2with an additional elevation in the following cycle. Immunohistochemical analysis localized the UPIb protein to the glandular-epithelial cells. Genes encoding other membrane proteins such as adipose differentiation-related protein and mucin 1, transmembrane, were also up-regulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biopsy-induced increase in the expression of UPIb and other genes encoding membrane proteins supports the possible importance of the membrane structure and stability during implantation. The specific role of UPIb in uterine receptivity should be elucidated.
authors: Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors: Yael
authors: Y
authors: Kalma
authors: Irit
authors: I
authors: Granot
authors: Yulia
authors: Y
authors: Gnainsky
authors: Yuval
authors: Y
authors: Or
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Czernobilsky
authors: Nava
authors: N
authors: Dekel
authors: Amihai
authors: A
authors: Barash
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000235:genetics; D004717:Endometrium / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism; D060169:Uroplakin Ib
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C086452:UPK1B protein, human; D060169:Uroplakin Ib