title: Pathobiology and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze pathobiology and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 124 patients with CRCC who underwent nephrectomy from 1989 to 2006 at two institutions. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival were compared with 1,693 consecutive patients with clear-cell RCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with clear cell RCC, patients with CRCC presented with less advanced tumors, but had a higher prevalence of concomitant sarcomatoid features (15% vs. 6%, P < 0.001). Metastatic CRCC showed a high incidence of sarcomatoid features (50%) and a predilection for liver metastases. The 5-year DSS rate for all patients with CRCC was 78% compared with 60% for patients with clear-cell RCC (P = 0.008). When adjusted for metastatic status, this survival difference disappeared. Nonmetastatic RCCs had similar prognosis (P = 0.157), whereas survival of metastatic CRCC was inferior to that of patients with metastatic clear-cell tumors (median: 6 vs. 19 months, P = 0.0095). In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS, symptomatic presentation, T stage, N stage, M stage, nuclear grade, and presence of sarcomatoid features, but not histological sub-type, were independent prognostic factors of DSS. Ten patients received immunotherapy, none of whom were responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with clear-cell RCC, patients with CRCC present with less advanced tumors, which lead to better survival rates on the whole. However, adjustment for metastatic status negates this difference. Patients with metastatic CRCC show a high prevalence of sarcomatoid features, predilection for liver metastases, no response to immunotherapy, and exhibit poor prognosis.
authors: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors: Tobias
authors: T
authors: Klatte
authors: Ken-ryu
authors: KR
authors: Han
authors: Jonathan W
authors: JW
authors: Said
authors: Malte
authors: M
authors: Böhm
authors: Ernst Peter
authors: EP
authors: Allhoff
authors: Fairooz F
authors: FF
authors: Kabbinavar
authors: Arie S
authors: AS
authors: Belldegrun
authors: Allan J
authors: AJ
authors: Pantuck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: C401859:temsirolimus; D020123:Sirolimus