title: RRS-4: short version of the Retardation Rating Scale to screen for depression in elderly inpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a short version of the Retardation Rating Scale (RRS), an observer scale recently validated in geriatric inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A neuropsychologist used a structured interview to assess 165 geriatric medical inpatients with the observer-rated Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery and Asberg Rating Scale and RRS, and completed the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale; 107 met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition clinical criteria for depression according to a gerontopsychiatrist's independent evaluation. A statistical model was applied to ascertain the most relevant RRS items; the psychometric properties of the four retained (RRS-4) were compared with standard scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RRS-4 psychometric properties were good: internal consistency (Cronbach alpha-coefficient = 0.81), positive concurrent validity with each of the standard depression scales (Spearman's r = 0.68-0.82) and the total RRS score (Pearson's r = 0.93). Considering clinical evaluation the "gold standard" for depression, a threshold of three yielded: 88% positive-predictive value, 68% negative-predictive value, with 88% accuracy for predicting depression exceeding the standard observer depression scales by 23%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RRS-4 is a brief and easy-to-use observer scale that improves depression identification in elderly medical inpatients.
authors: Service de Médecine Interne-Gériatrie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, France. sylvie.bonin@ap-hm.fr
authors: Sylvie
authors: S
authors: Bonin-Guillaume
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Jouve
authors: Laeticia
authors: L
authors: Sautel
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Fakra
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Blin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009043:Motor Activity; D015588:Observer Variation; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales