title: Occurrence of fungi in water used at a haemodialysis centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify and determine the diversity, occurrence and distribution of fungi in water used at a haemodialysis centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples in the hydraulic circuit for the distribution of the water, dialysate samples and samples of sterilization solution from dialysers were collected over a 3-month period, and 500 ml of each sample was filtered through membranes. All together 116 isolates of fungi were recovered from 89% of all water samples collected inside the haemodialysis unit, with prevalence of moulds in tap water samples and of yeasts in dialysate samples. Fusarium spp. was the most abundant genus found, whereas Candida parapsilosis was the predominant yeast species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that various fungi were present in the water system. These data suggest the inclusion of the detection and quantification of fungi in the water of haemodialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recovery of fungi from aqueous haemodialysis environments implies a potential risk for haemodialysis patients and indicates the need for continuous maintenance and monitoring. Further studies on fungi in haemodialysis water systems are required to investigate the organism ability to persist, their role in biofilm formation and their clinical significance.
authors: Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil.
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Pires-Gonçalves
authors: F G
authors: FG
authors: Sartori
authors: L B
authors: LB
authors: Montanari
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Zaia
authors: M S C
authors: MS
authors: Melhem
authors: M J S
authors: MJ
authors: Mendes-Giannini
authors: C H G
authors: CH
authors: Martins
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D008851:Micropore Filters / Q000382:microbiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D015725:Fluconazole