title: Association of abnormal glucose tolerance with self-reported sleep apnea among a 57-year-old urban population in Northern Finland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the associations between glucose tolerance and sleep apnea in a 57-year-old unselected urban population in Northern Finland, taking into account some determinants of sleep apnea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based health survey was conducted in a population of 555 women and 438 men born in 1945 and living in the city of Oulu in 2001. Glucose status was determined with a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Sleeping disorders were recorded on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and a questionnaire including 5 questions about sleeping and snoring. The Zung Self-rated Depression Scale (ZSDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used in the estimation of odds ratios (OR) for the associations of sleep apnea with the covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep apnea was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.20-5.47) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (OR 2.42 95% CI 1.01-5.82), but the estimated association with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was coupled with a wide margin of error (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.43-1.93) when adjusted for the following covariates: gender, current smoking, hypertension, hs-CRP, physical activity, waist circumference, and Zung depression scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There seems to be a positive association between sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes, and even with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, but we could not establish an association with IGR.
authors: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN - 90014 Oulu, Finland. ajuuti@cc.oulu.fi
authors: Anna-Kaisa
authors: AK
authors: Juuti
authors: Liisa
authors: L
authors: Hiltunen
authors: Ulla
authors: U
authors: Rajala
authors: Mauri
authors: M
authors: Laakso
authors: Pirjo
authors: P
authors: Härkönen
authors: Pirjo
authors: P
authors: Hedberg
authors: Aimo
authors: A
authors: Ruokonen
authors: Sirkka
authors: S
authors: Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
authors: Esa
authors: E
authors: Läärä
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012913:Snoring; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*