Sleep-disordered breathing in the usual lifestyle setting as detected with home monitoring in a population of working men in Japan.
OBJECTIVE
To examine (1) the prevalence of home-monitored sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a Japanese working population and (2) whether home monitoring with a type 3 portable monitor and actigraphy can produce reliable data to analyze SDB in usual lifestyles.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted on a group of employees at a wholesale company in Osaka, Japan. Examinations by physicians and by sleep monitoring were also performed. Unattended home cardiorespiratory (type 3) sleep studies with actigraphy were conducted for 2 nights to diagnose SDB in 322 subjects. From the baseline questionnaires and sleep diaries, participants were assessed to follow their usual lifestyles during the study (e.g., time in bed, alcohol intake).


RESULTS
Of 466 Japanese male employees, 396 responded to the questionnaire survey (85.0%). Results from 322 male employees aged 23 to 59 (43.8 +/- 8.4 years) were analyzed. Respiratory disturbance index (RDI), calculated from the type 3 portable monitors and actigraphy, was highly reliable with an intraclass correlation of 0.98 for interscorer reliability and with an intraclass correlation of 0.95 for night-to-night reliability. Prevalence of mild (5 < or = RDI < 15), moderate (15 < or = RDI < 30) and severe (RDI < or = 30) SDB in this population were 37.4%, 15.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (RDI > or = 5 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > 10) was 17.6%.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of moderate to severe SDB (RDI > or = 15) was 22.3% in this Japanese male working population aged 23 to 59, measured in participant's usual life settings. Unattended home monitoring with type 3 portable monitors and actigraphy was highly reliable and may be suitable for analyzing SDB in the usual lifestyle setting.
Nakayama-Ashida
Yukiyo
Y
Horizontal Medical Research Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Takegami
Misa
M
Chin
Kazuo
K
Sumi
Kensuke
K
Nakamura
Takaya
T
Takahashi
Ken-ichi
K
Wakamura
Tomoko
T
Horita
Sachiko
S
Oka
Yasunori
Y
Minami
Itsunari
I
Fukuhara
Shunichi
S
Kadotani
Hiroshi
H
D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*