title: The expansions of the pectoral girdle muscles onto the brachial fascia: morphological aspects and spatial disposition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between the expansions of the pectoral girdle muscles, i.e. pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and deltoid, and the brachial fascia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty shoulder specimens from 15 unembalmed adult cadavers were studied by dissection and in vivo radiological studies were performed in 20 patients using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clavicular part of the pectoralis major muscle sent a fibrous expansion onto the anterior portion of the brachial fascia, its costal part onto the medial portion and medial intermuscular septum. The latissimus dorsi muscle showed a triangular fibrous expansion onto the posterior portion of the brachial fascia. The posterior part of the deltoid muscle inserted muscular fibres directly onto the posterior portion of the brachial fascia, its lateral part onto the lateral portion and the lateral intermuscular septum. In MR images, the brachial fascia appeared as a low-signal-intensity sinuous line of connective tissue, sharply delineated in T(1)-weighted sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expansions of the pectoral girdle muscles onto the brachial fascia were present in all the subjects and showed a quite constant course with a specific spatial organization. During the various movements of the arm, these expansions stretch selective portions of the brachial fascia, with possible activation of specific patterns of fascial proprioceptors.
authors: Section of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Stecco
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Porzionato
authors: Veronica
authors: V
authors: Macchi
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Stecco
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Vigato
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Parenti
authors: Vincent
authors: V
authors: Delmas
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Aldegheri
authors: Raffaele
authors: R
authors: De Caro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004210:Dissection; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*