title: Suitability of macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta production by THP-1 cells in differentiating skin sensitizers from irritant chemicals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Worldwide restrictions in animal use for research have driven efforts to develop alternative methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to test the efficacy of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) assay for testing chemicals' skin-sensitizing capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The assay was performed using 9 chemicals judged to be sensitizing and 7 non-sensitizing by the standard in vivo assays. THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 4 doses, 0.01x, 0.1x, 0.5x, or 1x IC(50) (50% inhibitory concentration for THP-1 cell proliferation) of these chemicals for 24 hr, and the MIP-1beta level in the supernatants was determined. Skin sensitization by the test chemicals was determined by MIP-1beta production rates. The MIP-1beta production rate was expressed as the relative increase in MIP-1beta production in response to chemical treatment compared with vehicle treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the threshold MIP-1beta production rate used was 100% or 105% of dimethyl sulfoxide, all the sensitizing chemicals tested (dinitrochlorobenzene, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol, hydroquinone, dinitrofluorobenzene, benzocaine, nickel, chromium, and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) were positive, and all the non-sensitizing chemicals (methyl salicylate, benzalkonium chloride, lactic acid, isopropanol, and salicylic acid), with the exception of sodium lauryl sulfate, were negative for MIP-1beta production. These results indicate that MIP-1beta could be a biomarker for classification of chemicals as sensitizers or non-sensitizers.
authors: Catholic University of Deagu, 330 Kumrak 1 ri, Hayang eup, Kyongsan si, Kyongbuk 712-702, Korea.
authors: Yeon-Mi
authors: YM
authors: Lim
authors: Seong-Joon
authors: SJ
authors: Moon
authors: Su-Sun
authors: SS
authors: An
authors: Soo-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Seo-Young
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: Ih-Seop
authors: IS
authors: Chang
authors: Kui-Lea
authors: KL
authors: Park
authors: Hyoung-Ah
authors: HA
authors: Kim
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Heo
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007509:Irritants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D007509:Irritants; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C022616:thiazolyl blue