Abstracts in high profile journals often fail to report harm.
BACKGROUND
To describe how frequently harm is reported in the abstract of high impact factor medical journals.


METHODS



METHODS
We carried out a blinded structured review of a random sample of 363 Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) carried out on human beings, and published in high impact factor medical journals in 2003. Main endpoint: 1) Proportion of articles reporting harm in the abstract; and 2) Proportion of articles that reported harm in the abstract when harm was reported in the main body of the article.


METHODS
Corrected Prevalence Ratio (cPR) and its exact confidence interval were calculated. Non-conditional logistic regression was used.


RESULTS
363 articles and 407 possible comparisons were studied. Overall, harm was reported in 135 abstracts [37.2% (CI95%:32.2 to 42.4)]. Harm was reported in the main text of 243 articles [66.9% (CI95%: 61.8 to 71.8)] and was statistically significant in 54 articles [14.9% (CI95%: 11.4 to 19.0)]. Among the 243 articles that mentioned harm in the text, 130 articles [53.5% (CI95% 47.0 to 59.9)] reported harm in the abstract; a figure that rose to 75.9% (CI95%: 62.4 to 86.5) when the harm reported in the text was statistically significant. Harm in the abstract was more likely to be reported when statistically significant harm was reported in the main body of the article [cPR = 1.70 (CI95% 1.47 to 1.92)] and when drug companies (not public institutions) funded the RCTs [cPR = 1.29 (CI95% 1.03 to 1.67)].


CONCLUSIONS
Abstracts published in high impact factor medical journals underreport harm, even when harm is reported in the main body of the article.
Bernal-Delgado
Enrique
E
Fisher
Elliot S
ES
D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D015706:Bibliometrics; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D016015:Logistic Models; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*