title: Consanguinity and family clustering of male factor infertility in Lebanon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of consanguineous marriage on male factor infertility in Lebanon, where rates of consanguineous marriage remain high (29.6% among Muslims, 16.5% among Christians).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinic-based, case-control study, using reproductive history, risk factor interview, and laboratory-based semen analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two IVF clinics in Beirut, Lebanon, during an 8-month period (January-August 2003).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty infertile male patients and 100 fertile male controls, distinguished by semen analysis and reproductive history.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard clinical semen analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of consanguineous marriage were relatively high among the study sample. Patients (46%) were more likely than controls (37%) to report first-degree (parental) and second-degree (grandparental) consanguinity. The study demonstrated a clear pattern of family clustering of male factor infertility, with patients significantly more likely than controls to report infertility among close male relatives (odds ratio = 2.58). Men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia showed high rates of both consanguinity (50%) and family clustering (41%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consanguineous marriage is a socially supported institution throughout the Muslim world, yet its relationship to infertility is poorly understood. This study demonstrated a significant association between consanguinity and family clustering of male factor infertility cases, suggesting a strong genetic component.
authors: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA. minhorn@umich.edu
authors: Marcia C
authors: MC
authors: Inhorn
authors: Loulou
authors: L
authors: Kobeissi
authors: Zaher
authors: Z
authors: Nassar
authors: Da'ad
authors: D
authors: Lakkis
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Fakih
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003241:Consanguinity; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012067:Religion; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors