title: A preliminary in vitro assessment of GroBiotic-A, brewer's yeast and fructooligosaccharide as prebiotics for the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus.
abstract: This study examined the effects of brewers yeast, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), and GroBiotic-A, a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy components and dried fermentation products, on the intestinal microbial community of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were aseptically removed from three sub-adult red drum previously maintained on a commercial diet and placed in an anaerobic chamber. Intestinal contents were removed, diluted and incubated in vitro in one of four liquid media: normal diet alone, diet + 2% (w/w) GroBiotic-A, diet + 2% brewers yeast, and diet + 2% FOS. After 24 and 48 h of incubation at 25 degrees C, supernatants were removed for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis and DNA was extracted for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on a highly conserved region of M 16S rDNA and the amplicons were subjected to DGGE. The microbial community (MC) fingerprint was used to distinguish microbial populations. The intestinal contents incubated with GroBiotic-A had significantly (P<0.05) higher acetate and total VFA concentrations at 48 h compared to the other treatments. DGGE analysis demonstrated that the microbial community was significantly altered by Grobiotic-A and brewers yeast.
authors: Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Burr
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hume
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Ricke
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Nisbet
authors: Delbert
authors: D
authors: Gatlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019936:Probiotics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C116580:fructooligosaccharide