title: Design of a 'day 3 bundle' to improve the reassessment of inpatient empirical antibiotic prescriptions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test a set of process measures of quality of care in the reassessment of inpatient empirical antibiotic prescriptions, to determine the inter-rater reliability of medical notes' review in assessment of these measures and to test these measures on one ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of process of care were identified from a literature review. Forty sets of medical notes were reviewed by two independent doctors and the inter-rater reliability determined using observed percentage agreement and the kappa statistic. These measures were collected weekly and fed back to doctors in order to stimulate improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four process measures were identified and were grouped together to create a 'day 3 bundle': antibiotic plan, review of the diagnosis, adaptation to microbiology and intravenous-oral switch. The inter-rater agreement was > or = 80% for all measures. Data collection was feasible and was easily sustained over several weeks. The reassessment of antibiotic prescriptions around day 3 was better documented using real-time feedback of the measures to the medical team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our measures of care are suitable for the reassessment of empirical inpatient antibiotic prescriptions, with good inter-rater reliability. This quality intervention should be part of a more comprehensive and multifaceted plan to improve antibiotic use in hospitals.
authors: Service d'Infectiologie, Hôpital l'Archet 1, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Route St Antoine de Ginestière, BP 3079, 06202 Nice Cedex 3, France. pulcini.c@chu-nice.fr
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Pulcini
authors: Sylviane
authors: S
authors: Defres
authors: Ila
authors: I
authors: Aggarwal
authors: Dilip
authors: D
authors: Nathwani
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Davey
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D006296:Health Services; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D013812:Therapeutics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents