title: Electrostimulation for intractable delayed emptying of intrathoracic stomach after esophagectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of the denervated intrathoracic stomach as esophageal substitute can rarely lead to severe delayed gastric emptying. We describe the use of electrostimulation for this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is used to treat medically refractory gastroparesis and uses a battery powered neurostimulator connected to the gastric antrum with two electrodes. We implant the electrodes through a right thoracotomy and tunnel them to the right subcostal area where the pacemaker is placed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medically refractory gastroparesis developed in 2 male patients, aged 52 and 60 years, who underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomies for esophageal adenocarcinoma and were dependant on jejunostomy feedings. These patients initially had endoscopic placement of temporary stimulating electrodes with significant improvement in symptoms and radionucleotide gastric emptying. The patients subsequently underwent implantation of a permanent GES device. Relief of symptoms was persistent with no nausea or vomiting and a decrease of total symptom score (maximum 20) from 12.5 and 16 to 6 and 9, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with intractable delayed gastric emptying after esophagogastrectomy may benefit from a GES device implanted through a thoracotomy.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. jsalameh@laparo-surgery.com
authors: Jihad R
authors: JR
authors: Salameh
authors: Giorgio M
authors: GM
authors: Aru
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Bolton
authors: Thomas L
authors: TL
authors: Abell
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D035423:Thoracic Cavity; D016896:Treatment Outcome