title: Optimization and validation of a flow cytometric method for immunophenotyping peripheral blood lymphocytes from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guidelines published by the Food and Drug Administration and Center for Human Medicinal Products describe the need to assess immunotoxic effects in nonclinical studies that evaluate drug toxicity, including the use of immunophenotyping to measure immunotoxicity. We are not aware of previous studies, however, that have validated methods for immunophenotyping peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in whole blood samples from cynomolgus monkeys.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to optimize and validate a flow cytometric assay for immunophenotyping lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of cynomolgus monkeys.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of prevalidation experiments were done to determine optimal reagents, volumes, timing, and other procedural details of the flow cytometric assay. Using the optimized method, we then determined precision, interindividual variation, laboratory-to-laboratory variability, and sample stability. Stabilized human blood was used as a positive control for staining, processing, and analysis. The percentage and number of pan-T cells (CD3+), T-helper cells (CD3+4+), T cytotoxic/suppressor cells (CD3+8+), natural killer cells (CD3-16+), and B-cells (CD3-20+) were determined in 146 male and 140 female, clinically healthy monkeys and reference intervals were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By doing 4-color staining with a lyse-wash method, intra- and interassay precision were <5% for all lymphocyte subsets. Variability between technicians and laboratories was minimal (CVs<3%). Samples were stable for up to 24 hours after staining and fixing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The validated method is extremely robust and can be performed under good laboratory practice conditions to support nonclinical studies. Reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets were similar to those previously reported.
authors: Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. deanna.l.baker@pfizer.com
authors: Deanna L
authors: DL
authors: Baker
authors: Deborah L
authors: DL
authors: Finco-Kent
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Reagan
authors: Maryrose J
authors: MJ
authors: Conklyn
authors: Thomas T
authors: TT
authors: Kawabata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results