title: Restriction of foamy viruses by primate Trim5alpha.
abstract: Foamy viruses (FVs) are unconventional retroviruses with a replication strategy that is significantly different from orthoretroviruses and bears some homology to that of hepadnaviruses. Although some cellular proteins, such as APOBEC3, have been reported to block FVs, no restriction by Trim5alpha has been described to date. The sensitivity of three FV isolates of human-chimpanzee or prototypic (PFV), macaque (SFVmac), and feline (FFV) origin to a variety of primate Trim5alphas was therefore tested. PFV and SFVmac were restricted by Trim5alphas from most New World monkeys, but not from other primates, whereas FFV-based vectors were restricted by Trim5alphas from the great apes gorilla and orangutan. Trim5alphas from Old World monkeys did not restrict any FV isolate tested. Capuchin Trim5alpha was unique, as it restricted SFVmac and FFV but not PFV. Trim5alpha specificity for FVs was determined by the B30.2 domain, interestingly involving, in some instances, the same residues of the variable regions previously implicated as major determinants for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 restriction. FVs with chimeric Gags were made to map the viral determinants of sensitivity to restriction. The N-terminal half of the Gag molecule was found to contain the regions that control susceptibility. This region most likely corresponds to the capsid of conventional retroviruses. Due to their unique replication strategy, FVs should provide a valuable new system to examine the mechanism of retroviral restriction by Trim5alpha.
authors: Division of Virology, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom.
authors: Melvyn W
authors: MW
authors: Yap
authors: Dirk
authors: D
authors: Lindemann
authors: Nicole
authors: N
authors: Stanke
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Reh
authors: Dana
authors: D
authors: Westphal
authors: Helmut
authors: H
authors: Hanenberg
authors: Sadayuki
authors: S
authors: Ohkura
authors: Jonathan P
authors: JP
authors: Stoye
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002520:Cercopithecidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015683:Gene Products, gag