title: Erectile dysfunction after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of prospective studies focusing on the sexual quality of life of prostate cancer patients after conformal radiotherapy (RT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence, progression, and predictive factors for erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who responded to the sexual domain of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire before and more than 1 yr after RT and never received an antiandrogen treatment were included (n=123).
  
  
  METHODS
  RT dose was 70.2-72 Gy. Eleven patients used a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients responded to the EPIC questionnaire before (time A), at the last day (B), a median time of 2 mo after (C), and 16 mo after (D) RT. In a multivariate analysis, risk factors (patient age, prostate volume, planning target volume, use of PDE-5 inhibitor, comorbidities) were tested for their independent effects on ED before and after RT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual function and bother scores had already decreased by the end of RT (median function and bother scores at times A/B/C/D: 41/30/32/24 and 75/50/50/50). Initial function scores correlated well with late function scores (r=0.7; p<0.001). The ability to have an erection was reported by 81%/72%/74%/60% (preserved erectile ability in 70% at time D), erections firm enough for sexual intercourse by 44%/33%/35%/27% (preserved erections sufficient for intercourse in 53% at time D) of patients. A higher patient age and diabetes were predictive of both a pre-existing ED and a post-RT acquired ED. Nightly erections before treatment proved prognostically favourable (at least weekly vs. < weekly-hazard ratio of 5.9 for preserved erections sufficient for intercourse; p=0.01). Higher rates of ED can be expected with longer follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of ED progressively increases after RT. Patient age and diabetes are risk factors for both pre-treatment and RT-associated ED. Nightly erections before RT proved prognostically favourable.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany. MPinkawa@ukaachen.de
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Pinkawa
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Gagel
authors: Marc D
authors: MD
authors: Piroth
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Fischedick
authors: Branka
authors: B
authors: Asadpour
authors: Mareike
authors: M
authors: Kehl
authors: Jens
authors: J
authors: Klotz
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Eble
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects