title: Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative, attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in salt-sensitive hypertension.
abstract: Thiazolidinediones, which stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, have been shown to prevent cardiovascular injury. However, little is known about their effects on salt-sensitive hypertension. We thus investigated whether or not pioglitazone affects left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in Dahl salt-sensitive rats, then compared its effects to those of an angiotensin II receptor blocker, candesartan. Rats were used at 16 weeks of age after they had been fed either a low-salt (0.3%; DSL) or high-salt (8%; DSH) diet for 10 weeks; some of the DSH rats were treated with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day) or candesartan (4 mg/kg/day). Both drugs decreased the elevated blood pressure in DSH rats, although it was still higher than in DSL rats. Both drugs decreased plasma insulin levels, but neither affected plasma glucose levels. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance level in the LV was decreased by both drugs. LV hypertrophy evaluated by echocardiography in DSH rats was nearly normalized by both drugs, whereas only candesartan decreased LV diameter. In histological analysis, both drugs ameliorated LV fibrosis and myocardial cell hypertrophy. Both drugs decreased elevated gene expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 and collagen type I, although the pioglitazone action was slightly modest. The metalloproteinase activity was increased in DSH rats, but both drugs decreased this level. Taken together, these findings indicate that pioglitazone reduced LV hypertrophy and fibrosis in salt-sensitive hypertension. Improvement in blood pressure, insulin level, and oxidative stress may be associated with this beneficial action of pioglitazone.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors: Minori
authors: M
authors: Nakamoto
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Ohya
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Shinzato
authors: Rieko
authors: R
authors: Mano
authors: Masanobu
authors: M
authors: Yamazato
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Sakima
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Takishita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005355:Fibrosis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013777:Tetrazoles; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C081643:candesartan; D000077205:Pioglitazone