title: RAD001 (Everolimus) inhibits growth of prostate cancer in the bone and the inhibitory effects are increased by combination with docetaxel and zoledronic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  mTOR activity is increased in advanced prostate cancer (CaP) as a result of a high rate of PTEN mutations. RAD001 (Everolimus) is a new orally available mTOR inhibitor. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of RAD001 on the growth of CaP in the bone, both alone and in combination with docetaxel and zoledronic acid.
  
  
  METHODS
  C4-2 CaP cells were injected into tibiae of mice and the animals were treated with RAD001, docetaxel, and zoledronic acid alone or in combination. Histomorphometrical analysis, serum PSA measurements, bone mineral density (BMD), and microCT were used to determine the effects of treatment on tumor and bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All three agents alone decreased tumor volume, and RAD001 and docetaxel also decreased levels of serum PSA by 68% and 65%, respectively (both P < 0.01). Combinations of the agents were more effective in decreasing tumor volume than single agents. Three-drug treatment showed the greatest effect: 64% inhibition versus control (P < 0.01). Treatment with RAD001 interfered with the weight loss associated with growth of this tumor in the bone (non-RAD001 groups: 4.0% decrease in body weight, P = 0.0014; RAD001 groups: increase of 3.6% in body weight, P = 0.0037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAD001 inhibited growth of C4-2 cells in bone, an effect augmented by addition of docetaxel and zoledronic acid. Moreover RAD001 had a significant impact on maintenance of body weight. RAD001 may hold promise for its effects on both metastatic CaP and the important syndrome of tumor cachexia.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors: Todd M
authors: TM
authors: Morgan
authors: Tiffany E M
authors: TE
authors: Pitts
authors: Ted S
authors: TS
authors: Gross
authors: Sandra L
authors: SL
authors: Poliachik
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Vessella
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Corey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000068338:Everolimus; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D000068338:Everolimus; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus