title: Servicescape: physical environment of hospital pharmacies and hospital pharmacists' work outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In health care, architects, interior designers, engineers, and health care administrators need to pay attention to the construction and design of health care facilities. Research is needed to better understand how health professionals and employees perceive their work environment to improve the physical environment in which they work.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the physical environment of hospital pharmacies on hospital pharmacists' work outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional mailed survey study of individual hospital pharmacists used a structured questionnaire developed to cover perceptions of the ambient conditions and the space/function(s) of pharmacists' work environments. It included aspects such as dispensing areas, pharmaceuticals areas, storage areas, and administrative offices. Work outcomes were job satisfaction, intentions to leave or reduce job working hours, and job-related stress. Hospital pharmacists in Taiwan (n = 182) returned the mailed surveys. Structural equation modeling was performed to validate the construct of the physical environment of a hospital pharmacy and the causal model for testing the effect of the physical environment on pharmacists' work outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For hospital pharmacy workplaces, more favorable perceptions of the workplace's physical environment were positively associated with overall job satisfaction, but such perceptions were also negatively related to intentions to quit employment or to reduce working hours. However, the effect of the physical environment on job stress within the workplace was not supported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The designs of physical environments deserve attention to create more appropriate and healthier environments for hospital pharmacies. Further research should be devoted to trace more psychological responses to the physical environment from a longitudinal perspective.
authors: Institute of Health Service Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. yenju1115@hotmail.com
authors: Blossom Yen-Ju
authors: BY
authors: Lin
authors: Wen-Jye
authors: WJ
authors: Leu
authors: Gerald-Mark
authors: GM
authors: Breen
authors: Wen-Hung
authors: WH
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000523:psychology*; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital; D013624:Taiwan; D017132:Workplace