title: Human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells: alcohol treatment methods.
abstract: Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption have significant immunomodulatory effects of which alterations in innate immune functions contribute to impaired antimicrobial defense and inflammatory responses. Blood monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells play a central role in innate immune recognition as these cells recognize pathogens, respond with inflammatory cytokine production, and induce antigen-specific T-lymphocyte activation. All of these innate immune cell functions are affected in humans by alcohol intake. Here, we summarize the different effects of acute and chronic alcohol on monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell functions in humans and describe methods for separation and functional evaluation of these cell types.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors: Gyongyi
authors: G
authors: Szabo
authors: Pranoti
authors: P
authors: Mandrekar
mesh_terms: D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000431:Ethanol