Sleep patterns of urban school-going adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the variance in sleep habits of adolescents of different high school Grades in urban India.


METHODS
Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.


METHODS
Community based school survey in an urban setting.


METHODS
School going adolescents from 9th to 12th Grades.


METHODS
A total of 1,920 adolescents aged 12-18 years were included. The questionnaire contained questions related to sleep habits. Each question was explained to the participants and their responses were noted. Outcome parameters were total sleep time in a day, time to go to bed and wake up-time, sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings (duration, frequency per night and nights per week), wake-time after sleep onset, wake time after sleep offset, sleep efficiency, quality of sleep, daytime napping (duration and frequency), and sleepiness during the day.


RESULTS
Mean age of the adolescents included in this study was 15.1 years and mean total sleep time was 7.8 hr/day. Adolescents of higher Grades had lesser total sleep time (9th=8 hours; 10th=7.7 hours; 11th=7.9 hours; 12th=7.6 hours; P=0.001), and more frequent nocturnal awakenings (9th=35.9%; 10th=44.7%; 11th=40.3%; 12th=28.3%; P=0.001). Daytime leg pain ( 9th=14.4%; 10th=18.4%; 11th=6.1%; 12th= 21.8%; P=0.01), daytime napping (9th=47.6%; 10th=50.4%; 11th=61.8%; 12th=69.8%; P=0.001), and daytime sleepiness (9th=37.2%; 10th=39.1%; 11th=39.7%; 12th=54.2%; P=0.001) increased progressively among higher Grades. Adolescents in higher Grades were more prone to not follow their weekly schedule on week-ends (P= 0.001). Sleep debt of approximately one hour per day was seen in all adolescents, and progressed with higher Grades.


CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents of higher Grades had lesser sleep time, and frequent awakenings; suffered daytime leg pain, and felt sleepy during the day. These factors suggest increasing sleep deprivation among higher Graders.
Gupta
Ravi
R
Department of Psychiatry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
Bhatia
Manjeet Singh
MS
Chhabra
Vishal
V
Sharma
Sameer
S
Dahiya
Davinder
D
Semalti
Kapil
K
Sapra
Rahul
R
Dua
Ramanpreet Singh
RS
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population