title: Is all ineffective esophageal motility the same? A clinical and high-frequency intraluminal US study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is characterized by frequent hypotensive or failed peristaltic contractions; its pathophysiology is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether patients with IEM because of GERD would differ from patients with other etiologies of IEM on the basis of esophageal-muscle thickness measured by high-frequency intraluminal US (HFIUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center; from January 2004 to June 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 patients who were newly diagnosed with IEM were classified into 2 groups: GERD-related IEM (group I, n = 26) and non-GERD-related IEM (group II, n = 20) on the basis of the presence of reflux esophagitis and/or pathologic acid exposure by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. In addition, 16 asymptomatic healthy volunteers with no reflux esophagitis, normal manometric finding, and normal level of acid exposure were included as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the clinical characteristics, including a predominant principal esophageal symptom and the results from HFIUS among the control, GERD-related IEM (group I), and non-GERD-related IEM (group II) groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of typical reflux symptom as a predominant symptom was higher in group I (66%) than in group II (25%). Muscle thickness was greater in group II than in group I and the control group during both the baseline rest period and the peak of contraction period at all levels of the middle of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and 3 cm and 9 cm above the LES (respectively) (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limitation was the small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with non-GERD-related IEM had increased muscle thickness on HFIUS compared with patients with GERD-related IEM and the controls. Based on this study, IEM is not necessarily indicative of GERD.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jeong Hwan
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Poong-Lyul
authors: PL
authors: Rhee
authors: Hee Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Son
authors: Keun Jeong
authors: KJ
authors: Song
authors: Jae J
authors: JJ
authors: Kim
authors: Jong Chul
authors: JC
authors: Rhee
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity