title: Systemic and mucosal immune response induced by transcutaneous immunization using Hepatitis B surface antigen-loaded modified liposomes.
abstract: We have evaluated the efficiency of novel modified liposomes (ethosomes) for transcutaneous immunization (TCI) against Hepatitis B. Antigen-loaded ethosomes were prepared and characterized for shape, lamellarity, fluidity, size distribution, and entrapment efficiency. Spectral bio-imaging and flow cytometric studies showed efficient uptake of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-loaded ethosomes by murine dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro, reaching a peak by 180 min. Transcutaneous delivery potential of the antigen-loaded system using human cadaver skin demonstrated a much higher skin permeation of the antigen in comparison to conventional liposomes and soluble antigen preparation. Topically applied HBsAg-loaded ethosomes in experimental mice showed a robust systemic and mucosal humoral immune response compared to intramuscularly administered alum-adsorbed HBsAg suspension, topically applied plain HBsAg solution and hydroethanolic (25%) HBsAg solution. The ability of the antigen-pulsed DCs to stimulate autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes was demonstrated by BrdU assay and a predominantly TH1 type of immune response was observed by multiplex cytometric bead array analysis. HBsAg-loaded ethosomes are able to generate a protective immune response and their ability to traverse and target the immunological milieu of the skin may find a potential application in the development of a transcutaneous vaccine against Hepatitis B virus (HBV).
authors: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar 470003, India. dineshdops@yahoo.com
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Mishra
authors: Pradyumna Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Mishra
authors: Vaibhav
authors: V
authors: Dubey
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Nahar
authors: Sunil
authors: S
authors: Dabadghao
authors: N K
authors: NK
authors: Jain
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004355:Drug Stability; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008081:Liposomes