title: Molecular characteristics of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma subtype, predict response to erlotinib.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted this phase II trial to determine the efficacy of erlotinib in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and adenocarcinoma, BAC subtype, and to determine molecular characteristics associated with response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 101) with BAC (n = 12) or adenocarcinoma, BAC subtype (n = 89), were enrolled. All patients received erlotinib 150 mg daily. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, EGFR copy number, EGFR immunohistochemistry (IHC), and KRAS mutation status were analyzed in available tumors. The primary end point was response rate (RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall RR was 22% (95% CI, 14% to 31%). In patients with pure BAC, the RR and median survival were 20% and 4 months, as compared with 23% and 19 months in those with adenocarcinoma, BAC subtype. No patient (zero of 18; 95% CI, 0% to 19%) whose tumor harbored a KRAS mutation responded to erlotinib. Patients with EGFR mutations had an 83% RR (15 of 18; 95% CI, 65% to 94%) and 23-month median OS. On univariate analysis, EGFR mutation and copy number were associated with RR and PFS. EGFR IHC was not associated with RR or progression-free survival (PFS). After multivariate analysis, only EGFR mutation was associated with RR and PFS. No molecular factors were associated with overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erlotinib is active in BAC and adenocarcinoma, mixed subtype, BAC. Testing for EGFR and KRAS mutations can predict RR and PFS after treatment with erlotinib in this histologically enriched subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These data suggest that histologic subtype and molecular characteristics should be reported in clinical trials in NSCLC using EGFR-directed therapy.
authors: Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Howard Building, Room 1012, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA. millerv@mskcc.org
authors: Vincent A
authors: VA
authors: Miller
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Riely
authors: Maureen F
authors: MF
authors: Zakowski
authors: Allan R
authors: AR
authors: Li
authors: Jyoti D
authors: JD
authors: Patel
authors: Robert T
authors: RT
authors: Heelan
authors: Mark G
authors: MG
authors: Kris
authors: Alan B
authors: AB
authors: Sandler
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Carbone
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Tsao
authors: Roy S
authors: RS
authors: Herbst
authors: Glenn
authors: G
authors: Heller
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Ladanyi
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Pao
authors: David H
authors: DH
authors: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D011799:Quinazolines; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins; C117307:KRAS protein, human