title: Benefits of oat beta-glucan on respiratory infection following exercise stress: role of lung macrophages.
abstract: Exercise stress is associated with an increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). We have shown that consumption of the soluble oat fiber beta-glucan (ObetaG) can offset the increased risk for infection and decreased macrophage antiviral resistance following stressful exercise; however, the direct role of macrophages is unknown. This study examined the effect of macrophage depletion on the benefits of orally administered ObetaG on susceptibility to infection (morbidity, symptom severity, and mortality) following exercise stress. CL(2)MDP (Ex- H(2)O-CL(2)MDP, Ex-ObetaG-CL(2)MDP, Con-H(2)O-CL(2)MDP, Con-ObetaG-CL(2)MDP)-encapsulated liposomes were administered intranasally to deplete macrophages, and PBS (Ex-H(2)O-PBS, Ex-ObetaG-PBS, Con-H(2)O-PBS, Con-ObetaG-PBS)-encapsulated liposomes were given to macrophage-intact groups. Ex mice ran to volitional fatigue on a treadmill for 3 consecutive days, and ObetaG mice were fed a solution of 50% ObetaG in their drinking water for 10 consecutive days before infection. Fifteen minutes following the final bout of Ex or rest, mice were intranasally inoculated with 50 microl of a standardized dose of herpes simplex virus-1. Ex increased morbidity (P < 0.001) and symptom severity (P < 0.05) but not mortality (P = 0.09). The increase in morbidity and symptom severity was blocked by ObetaG consumption for 10 consecutive days before exercise and infection [morbidity (P < 0.001) and symptom severity (P < 0.05)]. Depletion of macrophages negated the beneficial effects of ObetaG on reducing susceptibility to infection following exercise stress, as evidenced by an increase in morbidity (P < 0.01) and symptom severity (P < 0.05). Results indicate that lung macrophages are at least partially responsible for mediating the beneficial effects of ObetaG on susceptibility to respiratory infection following exercise stress.
authors: Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
authors: E A
authors: EA
authors: Murphy
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Davis
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Brown
authors: M D
authors: MD
authors: Carmichael
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Carson
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Van Rooijen
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ghaffar
authors: E P
authors: EP
authors: Mayer
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry*; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D008081:Liposomes; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D008081:Liposomes; D047071:beta-Glucans; D004002:Clodronic Acid