title: Transcatheter versus surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect in adults: impact of age at intervention. A concurrent matched comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the short- and mid-term outcomes of surgical (SUR) vs. transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) using Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in adults with a very similar spectrum of the disease; and to identify predictors for the primary end point.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, concurrent comparative study. Surgically treated patients were randomly matched (2:1) by age, sex, date of procedure, ASD size, and hemodynamic profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-two concurrent patients with ASD submitted to ASO (n = 54) or SUR closure (n = 108) according with their preferences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary end point was a composite index of major events including failure of the procedure, important bleeding, critical arrhythmias, serious infections, embolism, or any major cardiovascular intervention-related complication. Predictors of these major events were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atrial septal defects were successfully closed in all patients, and there was no mortality. The primary event rate was 13.2% in ASO vs. 25.0% in SUR (P = .001). Multivariate analysis showed that higher rate of events was significantly associated with age >40 years; systemic/pulmonary output ratio <2.1; and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure >50 mm Hg; while in the ASO group the event rate was only associated with the ASD size (>15 cm(2)/m(2); relative risk = 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.01-8.8). There were no differences in the event-free survival curves in adults with ages <40 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficacy for closure ASD was similar in both groups. The higher morbidity observed in SUR group was observed only in the patients submitted to the procedure with age >40 years. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the ASO group. Surgical closure is a safe and effective treatment, especially in young adults. There is certainly nothing wrong with continuing to do surgery in countries where the resources are limited.
authors: Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia-Adult Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico. martinrp02@yahoo.com.mx
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Rosas
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Zabal
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Garcia-Montes
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Buendia
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Webb
authors: Fause
authors: F
authors: Attie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004617:Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome