title: A new method for producing urinary bladder hyperactivity using a non-invasive transient intravesical infusion of acetic acid in conscious rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Animal models that closely resemble the pathophysiology of human overactive bladder are important for evaluating novel therapeutics to treat the disorder. We established a non-invasive hyperactive bladder model that is sensitive to anti-muscarinic drugs and without bladder inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acetic acid solution was infused into the bladder for 5 min via the urethral orifice without any surgical procedures under isoflurane anaesthesia. After washing the bladder with saline, voiding frequency (VF) and total urine volume were determined for 9 h under conscious conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infusion of a 0.5% acetic acid solution caused a significant increase in VF, without influencing total urine volume or inducing significant histopathological inflammatory alterations in the bladder urothelium. Oral administration of oxybutynin (3 and 10 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated increases in VF induced by 0.5% acetic acid. Infusion of 0.75% acetic acid induced intensive urinary inflammation and a decrease in total urine volume as well as an increase in VF. Oral treatment with oxybutynin (10 mg/kg) did not significantly improve the increased VF due to 0.75% acetic acid. Acetic acid (0.5%) infusion evoked bladder hyper-responsiveness whether applied at night or during the day. However, VF was increased more by the nighttime application of acetic acid, while there were no significant differences in basal levels of VF between daytime and nighttime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the non-invasive rat urinary hyperactive bladder model indicated minimizes the secondary effects of experimental procedures such as surgical operations and anesthesia on bladder function and is sensitive to oxybutynin. Thus, the model may be useful for investigating novel therapeutics for OAB treatment.
authors: Pharmacology Department, Tsukuba research Laboratories, High Throughput Biology, Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors: Manabu
authors: M
authors: Mitobe
authors: Hirotaka
authors: H
authors: Inoue
authors: Timothy D
authors: TD
authors: Westfall
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Higashiyama
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Mizuyachi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Kushida
authors: Mine
authors: M
authors: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008333:Mandelic Acids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; C005419:oxybutynin; D019342:Acetic Acid