title: Chemokines and antagonists in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemokines and their receptors are a large family of molecules that control the trafficking of immune cells during their development and in response to inflammation. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) derives from the neoplastic transformation of lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation and may show systemic, nodal and extranodal localisation as well as metastasis in different sites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of the chemokine system in the pathology of NHL and as a potential drug target in this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of chemokines and receptors by different NHL subtypes as well as their likely functional role in terms of lymphoma tissue localisation, lymphoma growth, tumour angiogenesis and recruitment of immune cells are reviewed. The data regarding antagonists or chemokines as potential therapeutic agents for NHL is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NHL's express functional chemokine receptors, which, at least in part, dictate tissue localisation and perhaps metastatic potential. Different types of chemokine antagonists have been tested in vitro and in vivo and several peptide or small molecule inhibitors have reached Phase I/II clinical trials for different diseases. Although the field is in its early days, interesting compounds are being developed, directed especially against homeostatic chemokine receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Gene Therapy G. Lanzani, Department of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, c/o Presidio Matteo Rota, via Garibaldi 11-13, 24128 Bergamo, Italy. jgolay@ospedaliriuniti.bergamo.it
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Golay
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Introna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine