title: Ethanol embolotherapy of pelvic arteriovenous malformations: an initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively assessed the results of performing ethanol embolization for pelvis arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the past 10 years, eight patients (8 females, age range: 27-52 years) with AVMs in the pelvic wall (n = 3) and uterus (n = 5) underwent staged ethanol embolizations (range: 1-5, mean: 2.5) under general anesthesia. Ethanol embolization was performed by the use of the transcatheter and/or direct puncture techniques. Clinical follow-up was performed for all of the patients, and imaging follow-up was available for seven patients. The therapeutic outcomes were established by evaluating the clinical outcome of the signs and symptoms, as well as the degree of devascularization observed on post-procedural angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 20 sessions of ethanol embolization, the solitary transarterial approach was used 14 times, the transvenous approach was used three times and direct puncture was used once. For two patients, the transarterial and transvenous or direct puncture approaches were used together in one session. For four patients, ethanol and coils were used as embolic agents, and n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) and ethanol were used in one patient. Seven (88%) of eight patients were cured of their AVMs and one patient (12%) displayed improvement. Major complications were seen in two patients (25%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethanol embolization is effective for the treatment of pelvic arteriovenous malformations, though there is a chance of a major complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sooho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: In Wook
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010388:Pelvis / Q000098:blood supply*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D000431:Ethanol; D004659:Enbucrilate