title: The effect of quinine and ascorbic acid on rat testes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously demonstrated that quinine is a testicular toxicant in Sprague-Dawley rat.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the changes in the testicular levels of testosterone and lipid peroxidation secondary to quinine and ascorbic acid administration in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats per group were assigned to one of three treatment groups: 0 mg quinine and 0 mg ascorbic acid/kg body weight (control); 10 mg quinine/ kg BW; and 10 mg quinine plus 0.1 mg ascorbic acid/kg BW. Rats were intramuscularly administered their respective doses of quinine five days in a week and ascorbic acid three days in a week for eight weeks. All the animals were sacrificed at the end by decapitation. Seminal analysis was performed on tubular fluid from caudal epididymides. Evaluations were made for testicular levels of testosterone and lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde (MDA). Testicular specimens were also processed for histology under light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quinine significantly (p < 0.01) increased free radicals (from elevation of MDA) and decreased testosterone in the testis compared with those of the control group and those treated with a combination of quinine and ascorbic acid. The semen of rats treated with only quinine demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.001) lower sperm concentration and motility compared to the controls and those treated with quinine plus ascorbic acid. Microscopic examination of cross-sections of seminiferous tubules also showed that ascorbic acid partially protected against quinine -induced testicular effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ascorbic acid has beneficial effect and protects against quinine-induced testicular reduction of testosterone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Osinubi
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Daramola
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Okanlawon
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ashiru
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011803:Quinine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D000975:Antioxidants; D013739:Testosterone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D011803:Quinine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid