title: Pulsed dose rate brachytherapy as the sole adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery of T1-T2 breast cancer: first long time results from a clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long time outcome with regard to local tumour control, cosmetic outcome and side effects of a short (5 days) accelerated interstitial brachytherapy treatment delivered to the surroundings of the operated sector.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1993 and 2003 we treated 50 women with early T1 and T2 breast cancer. Radical sector resection was performed and followed later with an interstitial pulsed dose rate (PDR) brachytherapy of 50Gy in 5 days. The treatment was centred on the tumour with a margin of 30mm. One patient was treated bilaterally. The patients were followed for a median of 86 (32-126) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence was seen in 3 patients (6%). Two of them occurred outside the treated volume. The 5- and 7-year rates of actuarial local control were 96% and 96%, respectively, overall survival 88% and 85%, disease free survival 88% and 88%, respectively. A dosimetrical analysis showed that the partial breast irradiation covered a median of 31% of the total breast volume. Fat necrosis was seen in 12% and local (moderate-strong) fibrosis in 26% of the patients. Independent cosmetic scoring showed good or excellent result in 56% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local outcome is favourable and very similar to other published studies of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Our long time cosmetic results are lower than other published results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Orebro University Hospital and Orebro University, Sweden. bengt.johansson@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liljegren
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hardell
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Persliden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome