title: [Usefulness of MR CSF flow examination in children with hydrocephalus].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MR examination allows the determination of the absence or presence of CSF-flow as well as its direction and velocity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  is the presentation of the value of MR examination CSF-flow and its usefulness in diagnosis of hydrocephalus in children. MR CSF-flow examination may be performed in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius and in the drain of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examination big in classical MR examination: axial and sagittal T1-weighted scans (TR 500, TE 12) and T2-weighted scans (TR 5000, TE 100). The CSF flow examination is performed in 2D CINE/GR/PC (TR 33, TE 9.1, FA 30 degrees, FOV 12 x 12 cm, slice thickness 5 mm, acquisition matrix 256 x 192) in the plane perpendicular to the examined structure. The gating sequence is compatible with the patient's heart rate. Two regions of interest is established: area of flow (ROI 1) and the area of background (ROI 2). CSF flow is calculated using Flow Analysis software. CSF-flow in CINE phase-contrast technique is used to qualitative assessment of flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR examination allows the determination of the absence or presence of CSF-flow and its direction and velocity in the cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius and in the drain of the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. This examination enables the differentiation between the shunt-dependent and shunt-independent type of hydrocephalus, which is of great significance in clinical management of patients after a shunt implantation.
authors.affiliation: Katedra Radiologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum, Kraków. malgorzata.szafirska@uj.edu.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szafirska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urbanik
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herman-Sucharska
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swierczyna
mesh_terms: D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods