title: Fractionation of polyphenol-enriched apple juice extracts to identify constituents with cancer chemopreventive potential.
abstract: Apples and apple juices are widely consumed and rich sources of phytochemicals. The aim of the present study was to determine which apple constituents contribute to potential chemopreventive activities, using a bioactivity-directed approach. A polyphenol-enriched apple juice extract was fractionated by various techniques. Extract and fractions were tested in a series of test systems indicative of cancer preventive potential. These test systems measured antioxidant effects, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antihormonal activities, and antiproliferative potential. Regression analyses indicated that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential correlated with the sum of low molecular weight (LMW) antioxidants (including chlorogenic acid, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols) and procyanidins, whereas peroxyl radicals were more effectively scavenged by LMW compounds than by procyanidins. Quercetin aglycone was identified as a potent Cyp1A inhibitor, whereas phloretin and (-)-epicatechin were the most potent cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox-1) inhibitors. Aromatase and Cyp1A inhibitory potential and cytotoxicity toward HCT116 colon cancer cells increased with increasing content in procyanidins. Overall, apple juice constituents belonging to different structural classes have distinct profiles of biological activity in these in vitro test systems. Since carcinogenesis is a complex process, combination of compounds with complementary activities may lead to enhanced preventive effects.
authors.affiliation: Former Division of Pharmacognosy and Analytical Phytochemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zessner
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klimo
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knauft
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niewöhner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hümmer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richling
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schreier
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Clarissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerhauser
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001628:Beverages; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002392:Catechin / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002392:Catechin; C040048:caffeic acid