Development of a standardisation device for photographic assessment of dental fluorosis in field studies.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the agreement between clinical and photographic assessment of dental fluorosis (DF) in 73 children during a field study, using portable equipment and a standardising device.


METHODS
A dental exam was performed using the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF). Photographs of the facial aspects of front teeth and from the occlusal aspect of the mandibular posterior teeth were taken. All photographs were taken following a standard operating procedure. Photographs of anterior and posterior teeth were coded and assigned a random study number. Examiners scored photographs as fluorosis cases or non-cases.


RESULTS
Agreement among the clinical examiners ranged from good to excellent. Agreement was also good for the repeated photographic evaluations. In total, 22% of the children were diagnosed with DF during a clinical exam, and 19% were diagnosed with DF using the photographs.


CONCLUSIONS
Development of this method aided in the photographic assessment of DF. The photographs obtained were a useful tool for documenting DF, to re-train examiners, and to determine intra- and inter-examiner agreement.
Soto-Rojas
Armando E
AE
Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. arsoto@iupui.edu
Martínez-Mier
E Angeles
EA
Ureña-Cirett
Jose
J
Jackson
Richard D
RD
Stookey
George K
GK
D002648:Child; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards*