title: Ranolazine inhibits an oxidative stress-induced increase in myocyte sodium and calcium loading during simulated-demand ischemia.
abstract: Ranolazine inhibits the late Na current and is proposed to reduce angina by decreasing [Na]i during ischemia, thereby reducing Ca influx via Na/Ca exchange (NCX). We sought to test this hypothesis and to determine whether oxidative stress during simulated-demand ischemia activates the late Na current. We measured [Ca]i and [Na]i in rabbit ventricular myocytes by flow cytometry during metabolic inhibition (MI) with 2 mM cyanide and 0 mM glucose at 37 degrees C plus pacing (P) at 0.5 Hz (P-MI), and in P-MI + 1, 10, or 50 microM ranolazine. In the clinically relevant concentration range (1-10 microM), ranolazine decreased Na and Ca loading and the development of myocyte contracture. P-MI caused an increase in fluorescence of the oxidative radical probe CM-H2DCFDA, which was inhibited by the radical scavenger Tiron 20 mM. The NCX inhibitor KB-R7943 (10 microM) and Tiron 20 mM reduced the rise in [Ca]i during P-MI and eliminated the effect of 10 microM ranolazine on [Ca]i. These results indicate that oxidative stress increases the late Na current during MI. Inhibition of the resulting increase in Na and Ca loading and contracture seems to account for the observed antiischemia effects of ranolazine.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Xiu Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D000069458:Ranolazine; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C101670:2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate; D000083:Acetanilides; D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002414:Cations, Monovalent; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D012964:Sodium; D000069458:Ranolazine; D013890:Thiourea; D002118:Calcium