title: Tape-stripping as a method for measuring dermal exposure to resin acids during wood pellet production.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive and specific method for quantifying dermal exposure to the resin acids 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (7-OXO), dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), abietic acid (AA), and pimaric acid (PA). In addition the method was evaluated in occupational settings during production of wood pellets. Tape-strips were spiked with the substances to evaluate the recovery of the acids from the tape. The removal efficiency of the tape was assessed by tape-stripping a specified area on a glass plate spiked with resin acids. The recovery of the acids from human skin in vivo was evaluated by applying acids in methanol onto the skin of volunteers. Occupational dermal exposure to the resin acids was assessed by tape-stripping the skin of workers involved in the production of wood pellets. The resin acids were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The limit of detection was 15 pg (7-OXO), 150 pg (DHAA), 285 pg (AA) and 471 pg (PA) per injection. The recovery from spiked tapes was in general 100%. The removal efficiency of the tape was 48-101%. Recovery tests from human skin in vivo showed a mean recovery of 27%. Quantifiable amounts of resin acids were observed on four different skin areas with an increase in exposure during a work shift. This study shows that occupational dermal exposure to resin acids can be assessed by tape-stripping and quantified by LC-MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå, SE-901 85, Sweden. Kare.Eriksson@envmed.umu.se
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagström
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nylander-French
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D020405:Dermis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016272:Occupational Health; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D004224:Diterpenes; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012116:Resins, Plant; C013913:dehydroabietic acid; C008911:pimaric acid; C095375:7-oxodehydroabietic acid; C023710:abietic acid