title: Multiple roles for Med12 in vertebrate endoderm development.
abstract: In zebrafish, the endoderm originates at the blastula stage from the most marginal blastomeres. Through a series of complex morphogenetic movements and differentiation events, the endodermal germ layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the digestive tract as well as its associated organs such as the liver, pancreas, and swim bladder. How endodermal cells differentiate into distinct cell types such as hepatocytes or endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells remains a major question. In a forward genetic screen for genes regulating endodermal organ development, we identified mutations at the shiri locus that cause defects in the development of a number of endodermal organs including the liver and pancreas. Detailed phenotypic analyses indicate that these defects are partially due to a reduction in endodermal expression of the hairy/enhancer of split-related gene, her5, at mid to late gastrulation stages. Using the Tg(0.7her5:EGFP)(ne2067) line, we show that her5 is expressed in the endodermal precursors that populate the pharyngeal region as well as the organ-forming region. We also find that knocking down her5 recapitulates some of the endodermal phenotypes of shiri mutants, further revealing the role of her5 in endoderm development. Positional cloning reveals that shiri encodes Med12, a regulatory subunit of the transcriptional Mediator complex recently associated with two human syndromes. Additional studies indicate that Med12 modulates the ability of Casanova/Sox32 to induce sox17 expression. Thus, detailed phenotypic analyses of embryos defective in a component of the Mediator complex have revealed new insights into discrete aspects of vertebrate endoderm development, and provide possible explanations for the craniofacial and digestive system defects observed in humans with mutations in MED12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. chong.shin@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Chong Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Won-Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sung-Kook
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Elke A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ober
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verkade
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huisken
authors.forename: Didier Y R
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Stainier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004707:Endoderm / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D056892:Mediator Complex; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055760:SOXF Transcription Factors; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000196:embryology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D056892:Mediator Complex; D055760:SOXF Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C474186:Her5 protein, zebrafish; C513481:Med12 protein, zebrafish; C491603:sox17 protein, zebrafish