title: Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from apparently healthy and clinically ill finishing pigs in Spain.
abstract: This study was the first conducted in Spain to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and multi-resistance in Salmonella isolates recovered from finishing pigs from Spanish swine farms distributed over the whole country. For this purpose, 290 Salmonella isolates recovered from apparently healthy finishing pigs in a farm-based cross-sectional study and 192 Salmonella isolates recovered from faecal samples of finishing pigs suffering from diarrhoea were investigated. Resistance to a panel of 17 antimicrobials was determined using a broth microdilution technique. Resistance was a common finding and was detected in 90.3% of the Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy finishing pigs and 95.3% of the Salmonella isolates from clinically diseased finishing pigs. Resistance was particularly high among isolates of serogroup B and serovars Typhimurium and its monophasic variant S. 4,5,12:i:-. Higher frequencies of resistance were found to tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Less than 10% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, neomycin, cephalotin, apramycin and gentamicin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, colistin and ceftiofur was rare (under 1%). Multi-resistance, defined as resistance to four or more drugs, was detected in more than 50% of the isolates. Although multi-resistance was particularly frequent among isolates of S. Typhimurium, it was also high among other serovars as Bredeney and the S. Typhimurium monophasic variant. 4,5,12:i:-.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Enfermedades Infecciosas y Epidemiología), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, E-24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Feliz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Collazos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Echeita
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents