title: Enhanced robotic surgical training using augmented visual feedback.
abstract: The goal of this study was to enhance robotic surgical training via real-time augmented visual feedback. Thirty novices (medical students) were divided into 5 feedback groups (speed, relative phase, grip force, video, and control) and trained during 1 session in 3 inanimate surgical tasks with the da Vinci Surgical System. Task completion time, distance traveled, speed, curvature, relative phase, and grip force were measured immediately before and after training and during a retention test 2 weeks after training. All performance measures except relative phase improved after training and were retained after 2 weeks. Feedback-specific effects showed that the speed group was faster than other groups after training, and the grip force group applied less grip force. This study showed that the real-time augmented feedback during training can enhance the surgical performance and can potentially be beneficial for both training and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. tjudkins@gmail.com
authors.forename: Timothy N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Judkins
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oleynikov
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stergiou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012371:Robotics / Q000193:education*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*