title: More years of field trials against Plasmopara viticola in organic viticolture.
abstract: The organic viticulture assumes a decisive role in the national agricultural sector. More impelling problems in the management of organic vineyards are represented from the plants pathology defence and particularly of Plasmopara viticola containment. Copper represents one of the few usable fungicides in the organic farming and the only effective against downy mildew. With Regulation EC n. 473/2002, fixed maximum quantity usable of copper compounds, owing to the environment problems due to the copper accumulation in the soil. To reduce quantity of metal copper or replace it with natural products, are conducted field trials with copper compounds at a low rate or alternative to copper products. Besides, we are estimating possibility to reduce the operations against P. viticola optimizing fungicidal treatments. Field trials in the organic farms located near Rome, have been carried out. Guidelines EPPO/OEPP PP 1/31 (3) have been carried out. The results of the trials have showed that, using cupric products with low metallic content, to reduce copper quantities used, always allowed to respect the limits established by Regulation EC. The alternative products that were investigated have not guaranteed, instead, an adequate protection in high pressure of grapevine downy mildew. It was possible to reduce treatments against P. viticola through control of different environmental parameters. The trials confirm that the copper is indispensable for plant protection in organic farming as it is not possible to replace it with natural extracts substances. We can reduce, instead, the copper quantities used trough the use of new products with low quantity metal copper or through the evaluation of climatic and pedologic data that allow to rationalize the fungicidal treatments.
authors.affiliation: C.R.A.-Plant Pathology Research Institute, Via C.G. Bertero 22, IT-00156 Rome, Italy. a.latorre@ispave.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gianferro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaglione
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper