title: The interaction of zinc oxide-based dental cements with aqueous solutions of potassium fluoride.
abstract: The ability of zinc oxide-based dental cements (zinc phosphate and zinc polycarboxylate) to take up fluoride from aqueous solution has been studied. Only zinc phosphate cement was found to take up any measurable fluoride after 5 h exposure to the solutions. The zinc oxide filler of the zinc phosphate also failed to take up fluoride from solution. The key interaction for this uptake was thus shown to involve the phosphate groups of the set cement. However, whether this took the form of phosphate/fluoride exchange, or the formation of oxyfluoro-phosphate groups was not clear. Fluoride uptake followed radicaltime kinetics for about 2 h in some cases, but was generally better modelled by the Elovich equation, dq(t)/dt = alpha exp(-betaq(t)). Values for alpha varied from 3.80 to 2.48 x 10(4), and for beta from 7.19 x 10(-3) to 0.1946, though only beta showed any sort of trend, becoming smaller with increasing fluoride concentration. Fluoride was released from the zinc phosphate cements in processes that were diffusion based up to M(t)/M(infinity) of about 0.4. No further release occurred when specimens were placed in fresh volumes of deionised water. Only a fraction of the fluoride taken up was re-released, demonstrating that most of the fluoride taken up becomes irreversibly bound within the cement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawluk
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D002484:Cementation; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D014867:Water; C043952:zinc phosphate; C033320:potassium fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; D015034:Zinc Oxide