title: Down-regulation of ICOS ligand by interaction with ICOS functions as a regulatory mechanism for immune responses.
abstract: Although it is well-known that the ICOS-ICOS ligand (ICOSL) costimulatory pathway is important for many immune responses, recent accumulated evidence suggests that dysregulation of this pathway may lead to and/or exaggerate autoimmune responses. ICOS is induced on the cell surface after T cell activation. Similarly, ICOSL is up-regulated on APCs by several mitogenic stimuli. However, the mechanism regulating expression of the ICOS-ICOSL pair, and the significance of controlling their expression for an appropriate immune response, is largely unknown. To gain a better understanding of the importance of fine control of the ICOS-ICOSL costimulatory pathway, we generated ICOS-transgenic (Tg) mice that have high constitutive expression of ICOS in all T cells. Using ICOS-Tg mice, we studied whether in vivo immune responses were affected. Unexpectedly, we first found that ICOS-Tg mice exhibited a phenotype resembling ICOS-deficient mice in their Ag-specific Ab response, such as a defect in class switch recombination. Further examination revealed that ICOSL expression of APCs was significantly suppressed in ICOS-Tg mice. Interestingly, suppression of ICOSL was induced by interaction of ICOSL with ICOS, and it seemed to be regulated at the posttranscriptional level. The suppressive effect of the ICOS-ICOSL interaction overcame the positive effect of CD40 or B cell activation factor of the TNF family (BAFF) stimulation on ICOSL expression. Together, our studies demonstrate a novel mechanism for the regulation of ICOSL expression in vivo and suggest that the ICOS costimulatory pathway is subject to negative feedback regulation by ICOSL down-regulation in response to ICOS expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Signaling Regulation, Genome and Drug Research Center, Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inamine
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; C556694:Icos protein, mouse; C400230:Icosl protein, mouse; D060945:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D011506:Proteins; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin