title: Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of measles vaccine administered alone or with live, attenuated Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine in Philippine infants.
abstract: Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is a major cause of disease, disability, and death in Asia. An effective, live, attenuated JE vaccine (LJEV) is available; however, its use in routine immunization schedules is hampered by lack of data on concomitant administration with measles vaccine (MV). This study evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of LJEV and MV when administered at the same or separate study visits in infants younger than 1 year of age. Three groups of healthy infants were randomized to receive LJEV at age of 8 months and MV at 9 months (Group 1; n=100); MV and LJEV together at 9 months (Group 2; n=236); or MV and LJEV at 9 and 10 months, respectively (Group 3; n=235). Blood was obtained 4 weeks after each vaccine administration to determine antibody levels for measles and JE. Reactogenicity was assessed by parental diaries and clinic visits. Four weeks after immunization, measles seroprotection rates (defined as > or =340 mIU/ml) were high and comparable in all three groups and specifically, rates in the combined MV-LJEV (Group 2) were not statistically inferior to those in Group 3 receiving MV separately (96% versus 100%, respectively). Likewise, the LJEV seroprotection rates were high and similar between the three groups. The reactogenicity profiles of the three vaccine schedules were also analogous. LJEV and MV administered together are well tolerated and immunogenic in infants younger than 1 year. These results should facilitate incorporation of LJEV into routine immunization schedules with MV.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila, Philippines.
authors.forename: Salvacion
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gatchalian
authors.forename: Yafu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Benli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sutee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoksan
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Neuzil
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaïch
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010679:Philippines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated