title: Interaction effects between Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid against Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
abstract: The onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman is a major pest of many horticultural crops in many parts of the world. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and imidacloprid are used for the control of the onion thrips. The potential interactions between the fungus and the chemical against the onion thrips adults were evaluated in a laboratory and two greenhouse bioassays. The laboratory bioassay was a leaf dip bioassay for a mixture of B. bassiana and imidacloprid. The first greenhouse bioassay was a topical application of a mixture of the fungus and the chemical while the second bioassay was a drenching application of imidacloprid and a topical application of B. bassiana. In all bioassays, the combined application resulted in higher percentage mortalities than either B. bassiana or imidacloprid alone. In the laboratory bioassay, the highest mortality of 97% was achieved by using B. bassiana at the field rate with imidacloprid at 1/10th the field rate relative to 88%, 94%, 21% for B. bassiana alone, imidacloprid alone and the control, respectively. In the first greenhouse bioassay, the highest mortality of 80% resulted from the combined application of B. bassiana and imidacloprid at field rates compared with 55%, 75%, and 22% for B. bassiana alone, imidacloprid alone and the control, respectively. In the second greenhouse bioassay, the combined application of both control agents at field rates resulted in 85% mortality compared with 52%, 83%, and 18% for B. bassiana alone, imidacloprid alone and the control, respectively. The interaction effect between the two control agents was additive except when B. bassiana at 1/2 field rate was mixed with imidacloprid at 1/10th field rate in the laboratory bioassay, where the interaction was antagonistic. The above results indicate that combining imidacloprid with B. bassiana might reduce the rate of the insecticide application while enhancing the efficacy of the biological control agent.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Bioagricultural Technology, Al balqa' Applied University, Assalt 19117, Jordan.
authors.forename: Mohammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al Mazraáwi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052982:Beauveria / Q000502:physiology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009026:Mortality; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid