title: 3D echocardiographic visualization for intracardiac beating heart surgery and intervention.
abstract: Three-dimensional echocardiography has emerged as an essential tool for visualizing cardiac anatomy and for making more accurate measurements of cardiac structure and function. Recently, improvements in 3D beam-forming and transducer technologies have allowed higher resolution imaging from a transesophageal echocardiographic probe. This is creating new avenues for real-time visualization of intracardiac procedures without the need for cardiopulmonary bypass or opening the beating heart. Evolutions in visualization will allow a wider array of reparative procedures to be performed minimally invasively within a beating heart.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Investigations, Ultrasound Research and Development, Philips Healthcare, Andover, MA 01810, USA. ivan.salgo@philips.com
authors.forename: Ivan S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Salgo
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods