title: Discovery of ADP-ribosylation and other plant defense pathway elements through expression profiling of four different Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas R-avr interactions.
abstract: A dissection of plant defense pathways was initiated through gene expression profiling of the responses of a single Arabidopsis thaliana genotype to isogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing one of four different cloned avirulence (avr) genes. Differences in the expression profiles elicited by different resistance (R)-avr interactions were observed. A role for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in plant defense responses was suggested initially by the upregulated expression of genes encoding NUDT7 and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase in multiple R-avr interactions. Gene knockout plant lines were tested for 20 candidate genes identified by the expression profiling, and Arabidopsis NUDT7 mutants allowed less growth of virulent P. syringae (as previously reported) but also exhibited a reduced hypersensitive-response phenotype. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) disrupted FLS2-mediated basal defense responses such as callose deposition. EIN2 (ethylene response) and IXR1 and IXR2 (cellulose synthase) mutants impacted the FLS2-mediated responses that occur during PARP inhibition, whereas no impacts were observed for NPR1, PAD4, or NDR1 mutants. In the expression profiling work, false-positive selection and grouping of genes was reduced by requiring simultaneous satisfaction of statistical significance criteria for each of three separate analysis methods, and by clustering genes based on statistical confidence values for each gene rather than on average fold-change of transcript abundance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adams-Phillips
authors.forename: Jinrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: F Mark
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Blake C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Michelmore
authors.forename: Andrew F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bent
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D000096964:Nudix Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D000096964:Nudix Hydrolases; C022407:poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase