title: Transforming growth factor-beta1 is associated with kidney damage in patients with essential hypertension: renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta(1)) is associated with target organ damage in hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TGF-beta(1) levels and kidney damage and renoprotective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker in patients with essential hypertension (EH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 156 patients with EH were enrolled and grouped according to albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Of these, 90 patients with EH underwent a 12-week antihypertensive trial with administration of benazepril, valsartan or both. Serum TGF-beta(1), plasma angiotensin (Ang) II and urinary albumin were quantified by immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum TGF-beta1, plasma Ang II and ACR were highly elevated in patients with EH (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between serum TGF-beta1 levels and ACR (r = 0.53, P < 0.01). Significant decreases in TGF beta1 and ACR were obtained in all groups at the end of 12-week antihypertensive therapy compared to the baseline values, with the combined group to a greater extent (P < 0.01). Plasma Ang II levels were significantly decreased in the benazepril group but increased in the valsartan group (P < 0.05) while no significant change was observed in the combined group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-beta(1) is highly elevated and strongly associated with urinary albumin excretion in patients with EH. Treatment with benazepril or valsartan attenuates serum TGF-beta(1) levels and microalbuminuria with the combined therapy receiving the greater effect. TGF-beta(1) could be a potential surrogate marker in monitoring the development and progression of kidney damage in EH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001552:Benzazepines; D013777:Tetrazoles; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000068756:Valsartan; D014633:Valine; C044946:benazepril