title: Physicochemical properties of lipid emulsions formulated with high-load all-trans-retinoic acid.
abstract: The objective of this study was to formulate high loading with good stability of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) lipid emulsion. Lipid emulsions loaded with ATRA were composed of lecithin, medium chain triglyceride and poloxamer-188 or polysorbate-80. The formulation factors in a particular type and amount of oil, emulsifier, and co-emulsifier on the physicochemical properties (i.e., particle size, size distribution, droplets surface charge, pH, percentage yield, drug release, and stability of lipid emulsions) were studied. The particle size of ATRA-loaded lipid emulsions was in the nano-size range of 124.4-378.2 nm with the narrow polydispersity index of 0.04-0.09, which decreased as the amount of co-emulsifiers was increased. The amount of ATRA released from lipid emulsions was operated using a dialysis bag. The receptor medium was ethanol:polysorbate-80:water (10:15:75), adjusted to pH 8.5. ATRA release kinetics in this study were found to follow zero-order kinetics. As the concentration of co-emulsifiers increased, the flux of ATRA released from the lipid emulsions increased. In stability studies, the higher the amount of co-emulsifiers added, the lower the crystallization of ATRA was found. The percentage yield of ATRA was retained at about 70-90% and 60-72% after storage for 60 days at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. These results show a successful incorporation of ATRA into lipid emulsions with high loading capacity and good stability.
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology for Drug/Gene Delivery Systems Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Akhayachatra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinsriwongkul
authors.forename: Praneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opanasopit
authors.forename: Tanasait
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngawhirunpat
authors.forename: Natthan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chareansriwilaiwat
authors.forename: Warisada
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sila-On
authors.forename: Uracha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ruktanonchai
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005079:Excipients; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D010743:Phospholipids; D011136:Polysorbates; D020442:Poloxamer; D014212:Tretinoin