title: Ferulic acid provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress-related apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting ICAM-1 mRNA expression in rats.
abstract: Our previous studies have shown that ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, FA) inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the ischemic striatum after 2 h of reperfusion in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. The purpose of this study is to further investigate the neuroprotective effects of FA during reperfusion after cerebral ischemia. Rats were subjected to 90 min of ischemia; they were then sacrificed after 2, 10, 24 and 36 h of reperfusion. ICAM-1 and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) mRNA were detected using semi-quantitative RT-PCR at 2 h of reperfusion. Mac-1, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), active caspase 3, neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and TUNEL positive cells were measured at 2, 10, 24 and 36 h of reperfusion. FA (100 mg/kg, i.v.) administered immediately after MCAo inhibited ICAM-1 and Mac-1 mRNA expression in the striatum at 2 h of reperfusion, and reduced the number of Mac-1, 4-HNE and 8-OHdG positive cells in the ischemic rim and core at 10, 24 and 36 h of reperfusion. FA decreased TUNEL positive cells in the penumbra at 10 h, and in the ischemic boundary and core at 24 and 36 h of reperfusion. FA curtailed active caspase 3 expression in the penumbra at 10 h and restored NeuN-labeled neurons in the penumbra and ischemic core at 36 h of reperfusion. FA decreased the level of ICAM-1 mRNA and the number of microglia/macrophages, and subsequently down-regulated inflammation-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress-related apoptosis, suggesting that FA provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress-related apoptosis by inhibiting ICAM-1 mRNA expression after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shan-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Nou-Ying
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Tin-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Su-Yin
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Ching-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C492380:NeuN protein, mouse; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C004999:ferulic acid; D053148:Caspase 3; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal