title: Development and controversies of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Radical surgery provides the only chance for a cure with a 5-year survival rate of 7%-25%. An effective adjuvant therapy is urgently needed to improve the surgical outcome. This review describes the current status of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer, and highlights its controversies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords "pancreatic neoplasm", and "adjuvant therapy". Additional papers were identified by a manual search of the references from the key articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiation for pancreatic cancer could be identified. The results for adjuvant regimens based on systemic 5-fluorouracil with or without external radiotherapy were conflicting. The recent two RCTs on gemcitabine based regimen gave promising results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the available data, no standard adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer can be established yet. The best adjuvant regimen remains to be determined in large-scale RCTs. Future trials should use a gemcitabine based regimen.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. josephlau@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Wan-Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Eric C H
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000639:trends; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome