title: Comparison of allele frequency for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ between patients with ECC and caries-free children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases of childhood. The etiology of ECC is multifactorial and both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. Genetic variations in the hosts may contribute to changes in the risk for dental caries. Genetic factors such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) have recently been suggested as a predisposing factor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to look for an association between HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 with ECC for developing new strategies for the diagnosis as well as the prevention of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we extracted the genomic DNAs from whole blood samples of 44 patients with ECC and 35 caries-free children by the salting-out method. We amplified the genomic DNA by PCR-SSP and then HLA-typing was performed for all alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 in the patient group (P=0.019). The odds ratio for this allele was detected to be 10. The frequency of HLA-DQB1 alleles was not significantly different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above results suggest that HLA-DRB1*04 is associated with the susceptibility to ECC. Thus HLA-DRB1*04 detection as a molecular marker for early diagnosis of ECC may be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran. bagherian@rums.ac.ir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagherian
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nematollahi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moheghi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics*; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C527195:HLA-DRB1*04 antigen; D004247:DNA