title: Endoscopic endonasal surgery for clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional microsurgical approaches are limited to exposing the lateral and bilateral regions because of surgical trauma. Total removal of clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma is very difficult. This study was undertaken to determine the potential role of an endoscopic endonasal approach in improved management of clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with chordoma and 2 patients with chondrosarcoma treated by endoscopic endonasal surgery between November 2002 and February 2006 were studied prospectively. The mean age was 35 years. The follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 39 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total removal was achieved in 6 cases of chordoma and 1 case of chondrosarcoma, with subtotal removal in 1 case of chordoma and of chondrosarcoma. At the last follow-up, 7 patients had no evidence of disease and 1 was alive with disease. The chordomas had recurred in 1 patient after 5 months with subtotal removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of nasoendoscopy to perform clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma surgery is not limited to merely the minimally invasive aspects. It provides better visualization of the deeper anatomical structures in the skull base and affords a means to 'look around corners'. This approach promises a simple and rapid access to the clivus. It is both a safe and efficient procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Qiuhang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Haisheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002817:Chordoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome