title: Screening for urinary tract cancer with urine cytology in Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate if Urine Cytology (UC) is an appropriate screening procedure for detecting urinary tract neoplasia at an early stage in persons at risk in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer families.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the National Danish HNPCC-register persons at risk were identified in three categories of HNPCC-families (1) families harbouring a disease causing mutation in a Mismatch repair gene (MMR), (2) families fulfilling the Amsterdam I or II criteria and (3) families suspected of HNPCC. In total 3,411 persons were identified and traced in Patobank-the National Danish Pathology database. All UC and UTC (Urinary Tract Tumours) were listed and evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  977 persons had a total of 1,868 screening procedures performed. Two of these procedures (0.1%) lead to diagnosis of an asymptomatic urothelial tumour. In ten times as many procedures (22 persons) UC lead to a false positive screening diagnosis. During the study period fourteen persons (1.4%) developed a UTC and five of these were interval tumours. The sensitivity of UC in diagnosing asymptomatic UTC in HNPCC patients was 29%. Twelve of the tumours were found in persons from families with a proven MMR-mutation and eleven out of these were MSH2 mutations (92%, 95% cl 62-100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UC is not a proper method of screening for UTC in HNPCC. However, the study can not reveal if screening for UTC in special families ought to be recommended. Consequently, further studies needs to be performed in order to evaluate an appropriate screening programme.
authors.affiliation: The Danish HNPCC register, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. myrhoj@greennet.gl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myrhøj
authors.forename: M-B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000150:complications*; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009386:Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000652:urine*