title: [Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like cells as histologic markers of immunosuppression: review of 229 squamous cell carcinomas].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is associated with greater susceptibility to infection by certain oncogenic subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV). Among other histologic findings, large, clear, oval or rounded cells (EV cells) are observed in the granular layer in EV, and some authors consider these cells to be markers of immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 229 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) to determine whether EV cells were present and to assess whether their presence was associated either with localized or cutaneous immunosuppression (tumors with signs of severe chronic actinic damage or severe stasis dermatitis) or with systemic immunosuppression (immunocompromised or elderly patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed EV cells in 33 SCC. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the presence of EV cells and immunosuppression. We performed polymerase chain reaction in 8 lesions, but the results were not informative as the DNA was denatured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no relationship between the presence of EV cells and localized or systemic immunosuppression, possibly because the sample was inadequate (almost all SCC studied were associated with signs of immunosuppression, irrespective of the presence or absence of EV cells). Further studies will be required to compare lesions associated with immunosuppression with those in which immunosuppression is absent. The presence of EV cells may be the result of cytopathic effects of certain HPV subtypes, such as HPV 5 or 8, but this will need to be demonstrated using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España. raulcorb@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corbalán-Vélez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Maciá
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brufau
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: López-Lozano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Barba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-Escribano
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Carapeto
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D004819:Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*