title: Neuropsychological characteristics and personality traits in pathological gambling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathological gambling disorder (PG) has been associated with fronto-temporal dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits, such as impulsivity and novelty seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive variance of neuropsychological and personality characteristics in PG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons with PG (n=25) and a comparison group (n=34) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Subjects with PG had evidence of fronto-temporal dysfunction as assessed by the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Letter-Number Sequencing, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Animal Naming Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with PG also had impaired decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. PG subjects had elevated levels of impulsivity, novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, and lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. Logistic regression analyses indicated that neuropsychological variables did not add significant incremental variance over personality traits in predicting PG (Block chi-square=5.19, P=.074), while personality variables added significant incremental variance over neuropsychological traits in predicting PG (Block chi-square=25.13, P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that personality traits are better predictors than neuropsychological characteristics of whether someone has PG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA. kelsie-forbush@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Kelsie T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Forbush
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Margarita A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Graeber
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hovick
authors.forename: Vanessa J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayless
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D040261:Harm Reduction / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014888:Wechsler Scales