title: [Humanistic burden and health resource utilization among neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients in France].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of bilateral neovascular age-related macula degeneration (NV-AMD) on function and health resource utilization (HRU) in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study including 401 NV-AMD patients and 471 controls conducted in five countries in 2006. In both groups, demographic and clinical data were collected and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), the EuroQoL (EQ-5D), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and questionnaires on HRU were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven NV-AMD patients and 92 controls were recruited in France. The mean age of the NV-AMD patients was 79 (range, 65-95), and 64% were female. After adjusting for age, gender, and co-morbidities, compared to controls, NV-AMD patients reported substantially worse vision-related quality of life on the NEI-VFQ (adjusted mean, 44.4 [36.2-52.7] versus 91.8 [86.2-97.5], p<0.0001). HADS anxiety and depression scores were significantly worse in NV-AMD patients (anxiety score, 8.5 [6.3-10.8] versus 5.1 [3.5-6.7] p=0.0005; depression score: 7.1 [5.1-9.1] versus 2.9 [1.5-4.4] p<0.0001). Per patient yearly cost analysis showed significantly higher direct medical costs: 3396 euro versus 85 euro (p<0.0001), and indirect nonmedical-related costs (mainly for assistance with activities of daily living): 2985 euro versus 494 euro (p=0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NV-AMD patients in France reported substantially worse QoL and more anxiety and depression symptoms. The functional impact of blindness led to significantly higher health resource utilization in the AMD patients, resulting in higher total health costs compared to a similarly aged control group.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Paris XII Créteil, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soubrane
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zlateva
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buggage
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006808:Humanism; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires