title: CARPs enhance p53 turnover by degrading 14-3-3sigma and stabilizing MDM2.
abstract: CARP1 and CARP2 proteins (CARPs) are E3 ligases that target p53 as well as phospho-p53 for degradation. Because MDM2 is a critical regulator of p53 turnover, we investigated and found that CARPs associate with MDM2. We provide evidence that CARPs stabilize MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 self-ubiquitination. CARPs together with MDM2 enhance p53 degradation, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death. CARP protein levels correlate with MDM2 levels including under hypoxia where both are reduced. CARP2 was found to target 14-3-3sigma for degradation, leading to MDM2 stabilization. MDMX, a homolog of MDM2, is not absolutely required for MDM2 stabilization by CARPs, although overexpression of CARP2 enhances MDM2/MDMX interaction. Taken together, our study identifies novel mechanisms by which CARP proteins regulate the p53 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cell Cycle Regulation, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wafik S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C512817:CA11 protein, human; C477529:CCAR1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human