title: Patterns of oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS among 225 Nigerian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS and to correlate the prevalence of these lesions with the stages of the disease in the Ife-Ijesa zone, Nigeria. No comprehensive data were available for correlating it with the staging of HIV/AIDS in this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pattern of oral HIV lesions as classified by the EC-Clearinghouse was studied in 225 confirmed consecutive HIV-infected patients in this zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical dental examinations were conducted under natural daylight on all consenting HIV patients, sitting in an upright chair, using dental mirrors and probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of oral HIV lesions was 84.0%, with lesions ranging in number from one to six. The commonest HIV lesion was pseudo-membranous candidiasis (43.1%) followed by erythematous candidiasis (28.9%), angular cheilitis (28.9%), linear gingival erythema (24.0%) and ulcerations (8.9%). Lesions less commonly found were oral hairy leukoplakia (1.3%) and salivary gland swellings (1.3%). Heterosexual intercourse was the most common mode of transmission (94.7%) and HIV-1 (96.9%) the most prevalent pathogen among the study population. The majority of the patients were in the WHO clinical stage III (59.1%) and presented late.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of oral HIV lesions in the present study was high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. adedigba@oauife.edu.ng
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adedigba
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ogunbodede
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Jeboda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naidoo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications; D002613:Cheilitis / Q000150:complications; D004890:Erythema / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D017733:Leukoplakia, Hairy / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009549:Nigeria; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D011446:Prospective Studies