title: Modulation of the Akt/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by A₃ adenosine receptor.
abstract: Downstream A₃ receptor signalling plays an important role in the regulation of cell death and proliferation. Therefore, it is important to determine the molecular pathways involved through A₃ receptor stimulation. The phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have central roles in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. The crosstalk between these two pathways has also been investigated. The focus of this review centres on downstream mediators of A₃ adenosine receptor signalling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merighi
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benini
authors.forename: Prisco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirandola
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gessi
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varani
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maclennan
authors.forename: Pier Giovanni
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Baraldi
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea