title: Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and their combination against antitubercular drugs induced hepatic damage: an experimental study.
abstract: This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of two Indian medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), Phyllanthus emblica (Pe), and their combination, in a rat model of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide induced hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was assessed using a composite score assigned to histopathological findings of degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The antituberculosis treatment (ATT), when given for 90 days, induced significant degeneration and necrosis (score: 7.5; p < 0.01 vs vehicle) associated with morphological changes. However, no change was found in the serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Co-administration of silymarin (positive control, 50 mg/kg) with ATT protected against necrosis (score: 1.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Tc (100 mg/kg) showed a reduction in liver damage (score: 6.5), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, Pe (300 mg/kg) prevented the necrotic changes to a significant extent (grade 1.0; p < 0.05; score [corrected] 5.5). Combination of Tc and Pe in their therapeutic doses (1:3) significantly prevented the necrosis (score: 3.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Similar effects were seen even when the doses were halved and were comparable to the silymarin group. Thus, this study proves the synergistic protective effects exerted by the combination of Tc and Pe when co-administered with ATT.
authors.affiliation: Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India. nimarege@gmail.com
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Panchabhai
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ambarkhane
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Samant
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Rege
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000633:toxicity; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012293:Rifampin / Q000633:toxicity; D031610:Tinospora / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin