title: Cerebrospinal fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the brain inflammation and damage in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were determined in SSPE patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in 23 patients with SSPE in Papua New Guinea by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios of SSPE patients were significantly higher than controls (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). There were no significant differences in CSF TIMP-1 levels between SSPE patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies suggested that CSF MMP-9 levels reflect inflammatory damage to the brain. Our findings suggest that the MMP-9 level in CSF is an indicator of inflammatory damage to the brain in SSPE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan. ichiyama@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushige
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siba
authors.forename: Dagwin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Suarkia
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D013344:Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9