title: Improvement in dilated cardiomyopathy after bariatric surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young severely obese patients with advanced heart failure may not be suitable candidates for cardiac transplantation because of surgical morbidity and availability of adequately sized donor hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report 2 patients with severe systolic dysfunction and Class IV heart failure despite maximal medical therapy who were considered for cardiac transplantation. Because of their severe obesity, transplantation was not considered an optimal therapy, and both were referred for bariatric surgery. The individuals had nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Both underwent laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy, minimizing surgical risk while providing definitive reduction in gastric volume. They experienced substantial weight loss and resolution of dyspnea. Inotrope infusion was discontinued in 1 dobutamine-dependent individual. They achieved weight reduction of 46 to 52 kg after the surgery. End-systolic volume index improved from 64 to 49 mL/m(2) and from 66 to 39 mL/m(2). Left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 20% to 45% and from 25% to 39%. They remain symptom-free and are no longer listed for transplant at 2 years' follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bariatric surgery may lead to improvement in left ventricular systolic dysfunction in young morbidly obese individuals with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Potential explanations for the improvement in left ventricular function include reduced direct toxic effects of adiposity on cardiomyocytes and improved hemodynamics after weight loss. The potential for bariatric surgery to provide an alternative to heart transplantation in extreme obesity merits further study.
authors.affiliation: California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Kanbar Cardiac Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ristow
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haeusslein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012074:Remission Induction; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology