title: Urinary tract infection and adverse outcome of pregnancy.
abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) during pregnancy are among the commonest health problems world wide, specially in developing countries, including Egypt. It has several adverse outcomes not only on the mother but also on the fetus as well.. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of UTIs during pregnancy, study the main risk factors associated with such infections and find the impact of these infections on some pregnancy outcomes namely the gestational age and birth weight. A follow-up study on 249 pregnant women attending the ante natal care clinic at Zagazig university hospital. They were recruited over a period from 1st of September to 30th of or November, 2005. The outcome could be recorded for 201 of them. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, repeated urine analyses and recording of outcome of pregnancy. The study revealed that the incidence of UTIs during pregnancy was 31.3%. The commonest organisms were Klebsiella and E-coli. Several socio-demographic characteristics were found significantly associated with UTIs, age being 30 years and more, illiterates and low educational level, low socio-economic level and those with unsatisfactory personal hygiene and those using underwear clothes other than cotton. Significant associations with UTIs were also found in multigravidae 4th and more, those having more than one child and those who previously suffered UTIs. The only predicting variable with UTIs was low socio-economic level. The study revealed that the probability of delivering premature infants and low birth weights was significantly higher among those who experienced UTIs during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that UTI was one of the main contributors to pre-mature deliveries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary tract infections with pregnancy still constitute a big problem with high incidence. It has a great impact on pregnancy outcome mainly pre-mature labor. So, the study recommends health education about personal hygiene, repeated urine cultures early in pregnancy and during the third trimesters, specially for low socio-economic pregnant women. Specific antibiotics should be prescribed to avoid adverse pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Department, Zagazig Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. shahiraramsis@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Shaira R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dimetry
authors.forename: Hanan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: El-Tokhy
authors.forename: Nagla M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.forename: Moustafa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ebrahim
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eissa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine