title: Activation of ErbB3, EGFR and Erk is essential for growth of human breast cancer cell lines with acquired resistance to fulvestrant.
abstract: Seven fulvestrant resistant cell lines derived from the estrogen receptor alpha positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line were used to investigate the importance of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1-4) signaling. We found an increase in mRNA expression of EGFR and the ErbB3/ErbB4 ligand heregulin2 (hrg2) and a decrease of ErbB4 in all resistant cell lines. Western analyses confirmed the upregulation of EGFR and hrg2 and the downregulation of ErbB4. Elevated activation of EGFR and ErbB3 was seen in all resistant cell lines and the ErbB3 activation occurred by an autocrine mechanism. ErbB4 activation was observed only in the parental MCF-7 cells. The downstream kinases pAkt and pErk were increased in five of seven and in all seven resistant cell lines, respectively. Treatment with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib preferentially inhibited growth and reduced the S phase fraction in the resistant cell lines concomitant with inhibition of Erk and unaltered Akt activation. In concert, inhibition of Erk with U0126 preferentially reduced growth of resistant cell lines. Treatment with ErbB3 neutralizing antibodies inhibited ErbB3 activation and resulted in a modest but statistically significant growth inhibition of two resistant cell lines. These data indicate that ligand activated ErbB3 and EGFR, and Erk signaling play important roles in fulvestrant resistant cell growth. Furthermore, the decreased level of ErbB4 in resistant cells may facilitate heterodimerization of ErbB3 with EGFR and ErbB2. Our data support that a concerted action against EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3 may be required to obtain complete growth suppression of fulvestrant resistant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Endocrinology, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frogne
authors.forename: Rikke V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Benjaminsen
authors.forename: Katrine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonne-Hansen
authors.forename: Boe S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Ebba
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nexo
authors.forename: Anne-Vibeke
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Laenkholm
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Riese
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Cremoux
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenvang
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lykkesfeldt
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases