title: Salivary microbiota of HIV-positive children and its correlation with HIV status, oral diseases, and total secretory IgA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and levels of salivary microorganisms in HIV-positive children, and their correlation to HIV status, oral lesions, and salivary IgA levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two HIV-positive and 36 control children were clinically examined, had their saliva collected and processed for the microbiological analysis of 38 bacterial taxa by the checkerboard method, and salivary IgA quantification by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the species tested were more prevalent in control children than in the HIV group. Mean concentration of total salivary IgA was similar in both groups. High levels of Veillonella parvula were found in children with cheilitis and herpes. Tannerella forsythia, Eikenella Corrodens, and Propionibacterium acnes were prevalent in children with gingivitis, while Fusobacterium periodonticum, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus oralis were significantly more frequent in children with no oral lesions. Significant negative correlations between salivary IgA levels and Eubacterium nodatum and oral streptococci were observed (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-seropositive children presented significantly lower prevalence and levels of several bacterial species in saliva; HIV-positive children are able to mount a mucosal immune response; HIV-seropositive children under highly active antiretroviral therapy presented low prevalence of oral lesions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carinabogho@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silva-Boghossian
authors.forename: Glória Fernanda
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Ricardo Palmier
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Teles
authors.forename: Ivete P R
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Ana Paula V
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Colombo
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A