title: Fetal outcome in motor-vehicle crashes: effects of crash characteristics and maternal restraint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This project was undertaken to improve understanding of factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes of pregnant occupants involved in motor-vehicle crashes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-depth investigations of crashes involving 57 pregnant occupants were performed. Maternal and fetal injuries, restraint information, measures of external and internal vehicle damage, and details about the crash circumstances were collected. Crash severity was calculated using vehicle crush measurements. Chi-square analysis and logistic regression models were used to determine factors with a significant association with fetal outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal outcome is most strongly associated with crash severity (P < .001) and maternal injury (P = .002). Proper maternal belt-restraint use (with or without airbag deployment) is associated with acceptable fetal outcome (odds ratio = 4.5, P = .033). Approximately half of fetal losses in motor-vehicle crashes could be prevented if all pregnant women properly wore seat belts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher crash severity, more severe maternal injury, and lack of proper seat belt use are associated with a higher risk of adverse fetal outcome. These results strongly support recommendations that pregnant women use properly positioned seatbelts.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen DeSantis
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Klinich
authors.forename: Carol A C
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flannagan
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sochor
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Pearlman
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D049188:Prenatal Injuries; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data