title: [Metals and oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease from industrial areas with exposition to environmental toxins or metal pollution].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway resulting in movement disorders. PD is a complex disease, in which and environmental factors, as exposure to toxins or metals coul be involved.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess if serum metals (Cu, Fe, Zn), biological variables of their metabolism, total peroxides and antioxidants were abnormal in PD, in relation to environmental exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared levels of serum copper, iron, zinc, ceruloplasmin and transferrin, peroxides, antioxidants (TRAP) in 65 PD patients coming from an Industrial zone highly exposed to metal pollution (Valcamonica) with measures from 28 PD patients from no metal pollution areas of the province of Brescia and 52 healthy controls coming from Valcamonica and 24 from the province of Brescia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD patients had higher serum concentration of zinc than controls. Only in PD patients coming from Valcamonica levels of Cu were higher than in subjects coming from the province of Brescia. Moreover, In patients with PD levels of sieric Cu significantly correlated with score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UDPRS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zinc seems to be higher in PD independently from the exposition to metal pollution. Perturbation of copper metabolism in PD seems to be related to exposition to environmental toxins or metal pollution and coul be involved in the progression of the disease itself.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, AFaR - FBF Ospedale Fatebenefratelli, Italia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Squitti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gorgone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghidoni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasqualetti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Draicchio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucchini
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc