title: Investigation of interfraction variations of MammoSite balloon applicator in high-dose-rate brachytherapy of partial breast irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the interfraction changes of the MammoSite applicator and evaluate their dosimetric effect on target coverage and sparing of organs at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective evaluation of the data from 19 patients who received 10 fractions (34 Gy) of high-dose-rate partial breast irradiation was performed. A computed tomography-based treatment plan was generated for Fraction 1, and a computed tomography scan was acquired just before the delivery of each fraction to ensure a consistent shape of the balloon. The eccentricity, asymmetry, and planning target volume (PTV) for plan evaluation purposes (PTV_EVAL), as well as trapped air gaps, were measured for all patients. Furthermore, 169 computed tomography-based treatment plans were retrospectively generated for Fractions 2-10. Interfraction dosimetric variations were evaluated using the %PTV_EVAL coverage, target dose homogeneity index, target dose conformal index, and maximum doses to the organs at risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average variation of eccentricity and asymmetry from Fraction 1 values of 3.5% and 1.1 mm was -0.4% +/- 1.6% and -0.1 +/- 0.6 mm. The average trapped air gap volume was dramatically reduced from before treatment (3.7 cm(3)) to Fraction 1 (0.8 cm(3)). The PTV_EVAL volume change was insignificant. The average variation for the %PTV_EVAL, target dose homogeneity, and target dose conformal index from Fraction 1 values of 94.7%, 0.64, and 0.85 was 0.15% +/- 2.4%, -0.35 +/- 2.4%, and -0.34 +/- 4.9%, respectively. The average Fraction 1 maximum skin and ipsilateral lung dose of 3.2 Gy and 2.0 Gy varied by 0.08 +/- 0.47 and -0.16 +/- 0.29 Gy, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interfraction variations were patient specific and fraction dependent. Although the average interfraction dose variations for the target and organs at risk were not clinically significant, the maximum variations could be clinically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212-4772, USA. ykim@wpahs.org
authors.forename: Yongbok
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Trombetta
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Parda
authors.forename: Moyed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miften
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden