title: Comparative analysis of immunohistochemical markers with invasiveness and histologic differentiation in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates several tumor-related markers to examine the expression pattern of markers according to the invasiveness and histopathologic differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 108 cases of basal cell carcinoma using tissue array in order to determine correlations between the expression of Ki-67, p53, EGFR, CD44v6, MMP-1 and MMP-3, invasiveness and histologic differentiation. In order to determine invasiveness, we measured the depth of invasion in resected tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The depth of invasion showed a correlation with CD44v6 expression of tumor cell in both squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (P = 0.009, P = 0.036, respectively) and with the MMP-1 expression of stromal cell in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.010). The differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma was correlated with Ki-67 index. The loss of palisading arrangement in basal cell carcinoma was correlated with the MMP-1 expression of stromal cells (P = 0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD44v6 and MMP-1, expressed in tumor cells and stromal cells respectively, are significant markers associated with the invasiveness of tumors in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin and that it will be helpful to evaluate the invasiveness by measuring the expression of these markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangnam St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Dong
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Tae-Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Youn Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gyeong Sin
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ki Taik
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Chang Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D018773:Genes, erbB-1; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497483:CD44 protein, human; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1