title: Employing multiple theories and evoking new ideas: the use of clinical material.
abstract: In this paper, I wish to illustrate how working with a patient who had a certain kind of narcissistic difficulty led me to develop particular clinical strategies to facilitate the development of a sturdier sense of self, greater affect tolerance and modulation, the diminution of harshness of her superego, and the ownership of projected parts of herself, and to decrease paranoid ideation. I call upon concepts from various theoretical schools of psychoanalysis to make sense of the dynamic intricacies of the patient's psychological organization as they revealed themselves in the analytic process. These conceptualizations of the patient's difficulties and of clinical interventions to address them result in a hybrid theory of both theory and technique. What transpired in the clinical work also led me to propose an additional way to understand this kind of patient's difficulties with accepting interpretations or any view that differed from the patient's subjectivity. I am proposing that 'otherness' itself, rather than only specific conflictual aspects of the self, is disowned. It is the analyst's empathic stance toward all that is repudiated--the specific disowned aspects of the self and 'otherness' itself--along with empathy for the patient's conscious state that will enable reinternalization and ultimately healing.
authors.affiliation: Boston Psychoanalytic Institute, Harvard Medical School, 334 Kent St, Brookline, MA 02446, USA. judy_kantrowitz@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kantrowitz
mesh_terms: D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D009289:Narcissism; D011385:Projection; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory