title: Changed presentation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in North-Eastern Sicily and Calabria (Southern Italy) based on a 31-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the yearly prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis at our Division and evaluate changes in its clinical presentation over the period 1975-2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients admitted to a university hospital located in Messina, Sicily (Italy), from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 2005. This facility attracts patients from North-Eastern Sicily and most of Calabria, the Italian region across the Straits. HT was diagnosed based on various combinations of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental findings. The study group consisted of 4064 HT patients diagnosed during these 31 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated these indexes on a yearly basis: number of new HT diagnoses; age at presentation; male-to-female ratio; functional status; goitrous or nongoitrous variants with or without nodule(s); above-normal titers or levels of serum thyroid autoantibodies (thyroglobulin antibodies and thyroperoxidase antibodies). Several indexes have changed over those 31 years. Particularly, HT has become 10 times more common than it was until the early 1990s and males are relatively more represented. Patients are relatively younger, with a nongoitrous thyroid; the rate of S-Hypo exceeds largely the rate of O-Hypo. Serum thyroid autoantibodies have become less frequently positive, and when positive, they are present at a lower concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only environmental changes, as opposed to genetic changes, can account for such alterations in the presentation of HT in our geographical area.
authors.affiliation: Sezione di Endocrinologia del Dipartimento Clinico-Sperimentale di Medicina e Farmacologia, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. s.benvenga@me.nettuno.it
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benvenga
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trimarchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012802:Sicily; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies