title: Leukocyte telomere length and carotid artery intimal medial thickness: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is relatively short in individuals who have evidence of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the link between LTL and the predisposition to atherosclerosis, as determined by carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT) in participants of the Framingham Offspring Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTL was assayed by the mean length of the terminal restriction fragments and carotid artery IMT by B-mode ultrasonography in 1062 individuals (496 men, 566 women) aged 33 to 86 years. In the whole sample, there was a significant association of age-and sex-adjusted LTL with internal carotid artery IMT (ICA-IMT) (r = -0.07, P = 0.02). In sex-stratified analysis, this association remained significant for men (r = -0.11, P = 0.02) but not for women (r = -0.04, P = 0.36). After further adjustment for cigarette smoking and BMI, a borderline significant association persisted in men (P = 0.06). In secondary analysis, the age-adjusted LTL was significantly (and negatively) associated with ICA-IMT (r = -0.28, p = 0.0006) in obese (BMI > 30 kg/m(2)) men but not in nonobese (BMI < or = 30 kg/m(2)) men. In addition, age-adjusted LTL was significantly shorter in men (6.89+/-0.02 kb) than women (7.01+/-0.02 kb; P < 0.0009) and in current cigarette smokers (6.87+/-0.05 kb) than never smokers (6.99+/-0.03 kb; P = 0.0006). Although there was no significant association of LTL with common carotid artery-IMT or with carotid artery stenosis, there was a significant inverse association of LTL with common carotid artery IMT in obese men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese men, shortened LTL is a powerful marker of increased carotid IMT. Given the public health impact of atherosclerosis and in particular the current epidemic of obesity, the associations noted in obese men warrant further confirmation.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue #2, Framingham, MA 01702-5827, USA. codonnell@nih.gov
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Serkalem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jeffery P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: L Adrienne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aviv
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology; D016615:Telomere / Q000473:pathology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*