title: Mask adaptor--a novel method of positive pressure ventilation during propofol deep sedation for upper GI endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol dosages required for upper GI endoscopy are often high enough to pose serious risks of respiratory depression. Stopping the procedure and bag ventilating a patient until the propofol wears off may be a safer management because traditional mask ventilation is not available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We introduce the mask adaptor for upper GI endoscopy (MAUGE), a new method of positive pressure ventilation during upper GI endoscopy, and assessed its feasibility and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received propofol 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg injection followed by repeated doses of 20 to 30 mg if necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I to III, undergoing upper GI endoscopy and requesting sedation.
  
  
  METHODS
  After connecting the MAUGE to the anesthetic ventilation circuit and mask, the endoscope was inserted into the patient's digestive tract through the channel for endoscopes in the MAUGE and through the mask. Oxygen was supplied to the respiratory tract through the channel for gas in the MAUGE and through the mask by using positive pressure ventilation by bag-valve-mask ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, oxygen saturation, respiratory waveform.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygen saturation was more than 95% throughout the endoscopy in all patients. Positive ventilation was achieved in all patients and consistent with thoracic wall movement and respiratory waveforms shown by capnography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MAUGE cannot seal the respiratory tract. Patients in high risk for aspiration should not be considered candidates for using the MAUGE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By use of the MAUGE, positive pressure ventilation was efficaciously achieved, and desaturation and carbon dioxide retention were effectively avoided during the upper GI endoscopy procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Central Hospital, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Yongzi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Xizhuo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015742:Propofol