title: Incidence and predictive factors of lower respiratory tract infections among the very elderly in the general population. The Leiden 85-plus Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To target preventive strategies in old age, which of the very elderly are predisposed to developing lower respiratory tract infections was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational follow-up study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unselected cohort of 587 participants aged 85 years in Leiden, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  As reported in the literature, predictive factors were selected and assessed at baseline. During a 5 year follow-up period, information on the development of lower respiratory tract infections was obtained from general practitioners or nursing home physicians. Associations between predictive factors were analysed with Cox regression, and population attributable risks were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of lower respiratory tract infections among persons aged 85-90 years was 94 (95% CI 80-108) per 1000 person years. After multivariate analysis, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking, oral glucocorticosteroid use, severe cognitive impairment, history of stroke and declined functional status remained independently associated with the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections. Smoking was the greatest contributor with a population attributable risk of 32%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the very old, smoking, COPD, stroke and declined functional status were associated with the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections and provide a means of targeting patients at risk of severe health complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Post zone V-0-P, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sliedrecht
authors.forename: W P J
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: den Elzen
authors.forename: T J M
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Verheij
authors.forename: R G J
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gussekloo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids