title: Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance in heart failure.
abstract: Advanced heart failure and its treatment are often associated with a variety of hemodynamic, fluid, and electrolyte derangements. This article gives the practitioner an overview of the pathophysiology of common fluid and electrolyte alterations present in animals with heart failure, highlighting specific clinical correlates. Additionally, specific therapeutic interventions are discussed to manage these fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. teresa_defrancesco@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Teresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: DeFrancesco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*