title: Factors predictive of outcome in posttraumatic seizures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seizures are important neurologic complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI). There is a need for better delineation of potential prognostic factors and outcomes in patients with posttraumatic seizures (PTS) who could receive treatment when brought to the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 10-year retrospective study, 170 adult patients with PTS were enrolled in this study. The degree of seizure control was analyzed using a Seizure Frequency Scoring System, which classified them into excellent and nonexcellent outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 170 patients with acute symptomatic seizure enrolled in this study, 106 of whom had early PTS, whereas 64 had late PTS. Of the 106 early PTS, 58% (61 of 106) occurred within 24 hours of trauma. Risk factors for developing nonexcellent outcome included patients who undergo surgical intervention and presence of late-provoked seizures during the acute phase of TBI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seizures are an important neurologic complication of TBI. Regarding the potentially side effects of antiepileptic drugs, antiepileptic therapy should be carefully administrated in those nonexcellent outcome patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Hung-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Neng
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jih-Tsun
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Tzu-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Che
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yao-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004834:Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants