title: Induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by an essential oil from Tanacetum gracile.
abstract: The essential oil of Tanacetum gracile (Accession no. AT-01 termed AT-01 in the manuscript), a cold desert alpine highly aromatic herb, has 40 constituents including lavendulol (21.5 %), lavendulol acetate (1.7 %), alpha-pinene (11.2 %), 1,8-cineole (15.2 %), CIS-beta-ocimene (6.9 %), borneol (6.1 %), limonene (5.1 %) and chamazulene (3.7 %). AT-01 was evaluated for its anticancer activity. It inhibited HL-60 cell proliferation with an IC (50) of 27 microg/mL. Furthermore, AT-01 induced apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells as measured by several biological end points. AT-01 induced apoptotic body formation, enhanced annexinV-FITC binding of the cells, increased sub-G (0) DNA fraction, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi (mt)) and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, activated caspase-9 as well as caspase-3, and increased cleavage of PARP in HL-60 cells. Thus, AT-01 induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial dependent pathway in HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi, India.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Shashank Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.forename: Harish C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Surinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitchlu
authors.forename: Maharaj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koul
authors.forename: Rajender K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Thappa
authors.forename: Ajit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D031203:Tanacetum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9