title: Urethral fibrosis with pyonephrosis in a patient with situs inversus totalis: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cases of a case of situs inversus totalis are very rare and therefore when encountered, they are likely to be missed or poorly managed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present a case of situs inversus totalis with a view to creating more awareness about this rare clinical entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient, a 22 year old boy was referred from a private clinic after a failed and complicated attempted appendicectomy carried out by a general medical practitioner. The patient was admitted, resuscitated and had investigations done. Some of the investigations done were abdominal ultrasound scan, computerized axial tomography scan, a chest x ray, complete blood count, urinalysis and electrolyte and urea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Investigations showed features of situs inversus totalis. There was also bilateral hydronephrosis, worse on the right side. The patient also had features of renal failure. He died after three days on admission. Autopsy finding confirmed bilateral pyonephrosis which was worse on the right side. There was associated urethral fibrosis. Cause of death was urethral fibrosis resulting in obstructive uropathy, pyonephrosis and renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Situs inverses totalis is rare but can psented in diverse ways and thus the diagnosis may be missed and the patient wrongly managed. A high index of clinical suspicion is required if we the diagnosis is to be made early and wrong treatments avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. clementosime@yahoo.com
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Osime
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Osime
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Njoku
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adeyekun
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Obonna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okoro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Obaseki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igbe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001065:Appendix; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053018:Pyonephrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012857:Situs Inversus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology