title: Effects of long-term training on neutrophil function in male university judoists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the effects of high-intensity and high-frequency long-term/chronic training on neutrophil function and serum levels of myogenic enzymes in male university judoists.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 24 male judoists who had stopped judo training for 6 months and then restarted their training. The following parameters were examined before and after a 2 h unified exercise loading (UEL) at the beginning of the restarted quotidian training (pre-training) and at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months thereafter: myogenic enzymes, neutrophil and leucocyte counts, and neutrophil phagocytic activity (PA) and oxidative burst activity as a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myogenic enzymes that were measured after UEL at all four points significantly increased except for creatine kinase at the 2-month point (p<0.01 in each) and neutrophil counts significantly increased after UEL at the pre-training, 2-month and 4-month points (p<0.01 in each), but these changes became smaller from the 2-month point. PA significantly decreased after UEL at the pre-training and 2-month points (p<0.01 in each), but no change was seen at the 4-month and 6-month points. On the other hand, no change in ROS production per cell after UEL was seen at the pre-training point, but it significantly increased after UEL at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month points (p<0.01 in each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changing rate of the levels of UEL-mediated myogenic enzymes, neutrophil mobilisation and neutrophil function was seen to decrease at the 2-month, 4-month and 6-month assessments, compared with the pre-training point: these may comprise at least some of the long-term training effects.
authors.affiliation: Nippon Sport Science University, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakaji
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danjo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D016139:Martial Arts / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase