title: Chemokine profile among human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals from southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Individuals infected with HIV-1 have higher levels of chemokine producing cells compared to uninfected individuals. It is important to know the changes in chemokine levels associated with rate of progression of disease. There is a paucity of information on the plasma chemokines in HIV-1 infected individuals from India. We therefore carried out this study to estimate the levels of three chemokines namely macrophage inflammatory protein alpha (MIP1alpha), MIP1beta and RANTES, in relation to disease status in HIV-1 infected individuals and compared with uninfected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  RANTES and MIP1alpha were estimated using ELISA in 114 HIV-1 infected and 30 controls, whereas MIP1beta was estimated in 101 HIV infected individuals only and 30 controls. The values were compared to the T cell subsets, HIV-1 viral loads and plasma cytokines (interferon gamma and interleukin-10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls the mean MIP1alpha and RANTES level among the HIV-1 infected individuals was higher while MIP1beta level was lower in HIV infected individuals except CDC C groups. There was a significant positive correlation for MIP1á with HIV-1 viral load and IFNgamma, for MIP1alpha with viral load and IL10. There was a significant negative correlation between MIP1alpha with CD4 count and CD4: CD8 ratio and MIP1beta with CD4 count and CD8 count. There was a negativecorrelation between RANTES values and CD8 per cent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, our study showed a significantly higher level of beta chemokines in south Indian HIV-1 infected individuals compared to controls. These beta chemokines may have the inhibitory effect on HIV-1 only during the initial period and with the progression of disease this inhibitory effect wanes as shown by the positive correlation of beta chemokines with HIV-1 viral load.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kannangai
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Swaminathan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Priscilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rupali
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pulimood
authors.forename: Mary V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jesudason
authors.forename: Gopalan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sridharan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D018925:Chemokines