title: Intracerebroventricular ginsenosides are antinociceptive in proinflammatory cytokine-induced pain behaviors of mice.
abstract: Several ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg3) are neuroprotective and antinociceptive agents. In this study, we assessed the effects of these ginsenosides following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration on the nociceptive behaviors induced by intrathecal injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)). The ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg1, significantly attenuated the nociceptive behavior induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma injection, but ginsenoside-Rg3 did not. These results suggest that several ginsenosides may regulate the nociceptive processing induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Okcheon-Dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-702, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Min-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hee-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jeong-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jin-Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yuanjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun-Sub
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hong-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma