title: Transpedicular plate fixator as effective system of spine stabilisation: biomechanical characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zespol fixator, which was created in Poland by Ramatowski and Granowski, has an angular stable connection of screws and plate. These properties of this plate fixator, that is effective and not an expensive system of osteosynthesis of shaft of long bone widely used in Poland, impelled us to adapt it as a transpedicular plate fixator of spine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our in vitro study was to measure loads acting on spine stabilized by transpedicular plate fixator and to determine if its stability is comparable with uninjured spine. We also hypothesized that the spine stability with examined fixator had similar properties as spine fixators constructed with screws and rods.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested its biomechanical properties and compared it with a CD device by using specimens of four human spines. Each spine with damage induced in laboratory conditions was stabilised by one of those stabilisers in one (L4-L5) or two (Th12-L2) motion segments and subsequently were subject to load. The spines without and with one of transpedicular stabilization were subject to an unsymmetrical shift of +3/-4 mm for extension-compression and symmetrical shift for bending, in the frontal plane (+0.14/-0.14 rad) and the sagittal plane (+0.11/-0.11 rad), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loads during extension-compression and bending in the sagittal plane were similar to the uninjured spine for short stabilization by using both stabilizers and amounted to 92.3 and 98.26%, respectively, of the load range sums of healthy spines. For long stabilization these loads amounted to 93.2 and 84.4%, respectively. Only following short and long stabilization for both devices in case of bending in the frontal plane the increase in loads up to 144.2 and 163.3% of the range sums of uninjured spines was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It corroborates the fact that the application of the modified Zespol device for spine stabilisation provides the possibility of restoring its load transfer capacity similar to that in the healthy spine and comparable with the CD device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pawłowski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araszkiewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Topoliński
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matewski
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*