title: Antimicrobial susceptibilities of geographically diverse clinical human isolates of Leptospira.
abstract: Although antimicrobial therapy of leptospirosis has been studied in a few randomized controlled clinical studies, those studies were limited to specific regions of the world and few have characterized infecting strains. A broth microdilution technique for the assessment of antibiotic susceptibility has been developed at Brooke Army Medical Center. In the present study, we assessed the susceptibilities of 13 Leptospira isolates (including recent clinical isolates) from Egypt, Thailand, Nicaragua, and Hawaii to 13 antimicrobial agents. Ampicillin, cefepime, azithromycin, and clarithromycin were found to have MICs below the lower limit of detection (0.016 microg/ml). Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem-cilastatin, penicillin G, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin had MIC(90)s between 0.030 and 0.125 microg/ml. Doxycycline and tetracycline had the highest MIC(90)s: 2 and 4 microg/ml, respectively. Doxycycline and tetracycline were noted to have slightly higher MICs against isolates from Egypt than against strains from Thailand or Hawaii; otherwise, the susceptibility patterns were similar. There appears to be possible variability in susceptibility to some antimicrobial agents among strains, suggesting that more extensive testing to look for geographic variability should be pursued.
authors.affiliation: Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Roseanne A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ressner
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Miriam L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Beckius
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Renee L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Duane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hospenthal
authors.forename: Clinton K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077723:Cefepime; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004534:Egypt; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007919:Leptospira / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000382:microbiology; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009527:Nicaragua; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D000667:Ampicillin; D000077723:Cefepime; D017963:Azithromycin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D013752:Tetracycline; D002439:Cefotaxime