title: Conservative treatment of an early ectopic pregnancy in a cesarean scar with systemic methotrexate--case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy implanted in a cesarean scar is rare, and is a life-threatening condition due to high risk of uterine rupture, hemorrhage, hysterectomy, and maternal mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a 26-year-old woman who presented with five weeks of amenorrhea and a serum hCG level of 10,440 mIU/ml. Transvaginal sonography revealed a gestational sac of 15 x 11 mm containing a yolk sac located in a previous cesarean scar. She was successfully treated conservatively with multi-dose methotrexate. No side-effects were encountered. The serum hCG levels were undetectable in 58 days. The patient had normal menstrual cycles afterwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the view of increasing cesarean rates, healthcare professionals should be aware of the possibility of a scar pregnancy and the potentially life threatening sequelae. Early diagnosis by transvaginal sonography can improve outcome and minimize the need for emergent surgery. Conservative treatment with systemic methotrexate is an effective option in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University. cemiyi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Iyibozkurt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topuz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gungor
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kalelioglu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cigerli
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Akhan
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011269:Pregnancy, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D008727:Methotrexate