title: The effect of sodium-ion implantation on the properties of titanium.
abstract: This paper deals with the surface modification of titanium by sodium-ion implantation and with the effect of this modification on structure, corrosion resistance, bioactivity and cytocompatibility. The Na ions were implanted with doses of 1 x 10(17) and 4 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at an energy of 25 keV. The chemical composition of the surface layers formed during the implantation was examined by secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their microstructure--by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The corrosion resistance was determined by electrochemical methods in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at a temperature of 37 degrees C, after exposure in SBF for various times. The surfaces of the samples were examined by optical microscopy, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biocompatibility of the modified surface was evaluated in vitro in a culture of the MG-63 cell line and human osteoblast cells. The TEM results indicate that the surface layers formed during the implantation of Na-ions are amorphous. The results of the electrochemical examinations obtained for the Na-implanted titanium samples indicate that the implantation increases corrosion resistance. Sodium-ion implantation improves bioactivity and does not reduce biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland. jbasz@meil.pw.edu.pl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baszkiewicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kozubowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rajchel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowska-Szumieł
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barcz
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sobczak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kosiński
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chróścicka
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003343:Corrosion; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D012964:Sodium; D014025:Titanium