title: Genetic alterations of CCND1 and EMSY in breast cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CCND1 and EMSY, on 11q13, are frequently amplified in breast cancer. CCND1 is implicated in cell cycle progression and EMSY is a BRCA2-associated repressor protein. The aim was to investigate gene copy numbers of CCND1 and EMSY and to determine if CCND1 amplification is associated with reduced survival of tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 111 consecutive and 354 oestrogen receptor (ER)+ tamoxifen-treated breast cancers. In the consecutive set, CCND1 and EMSY were amplified in 14.8% and 7.2%, respectively, and deleted in 8.7% and 13.5%, respectively. In the ER+ set, CCND1 and EMSY were amplified in 20.6% and 9.6%, respectively, and deleted in 1.7% and 4.2%, respectively. CCND1 and EMSY gene amplifications were associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively) of patients in the ER+ set.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As hypothesized, CCND1 amplifications are associated with poor OS in ER+ patients. EMSY amplification is also associated with poor OS. However, as >70% of EMSY amplifications were CCND1 amplified, EMSY may not have any additional effect on survival of ER+ breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Cancer Group, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tovey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: J M S
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D056741:Cyclin D; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D056741:Cyclin D; D016213:Cyclins; C480344:EMSY protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013629:Tamoxifen