title: [Study on development of hand-wrist bone in 14 year-old adolescents I: bone age standard for boys].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the bone development in adolescents in China, and establish forensic skeletal age standard for estimation of the criminal responsible age in 14 years old male adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three healthy boys aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrist were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 selected sites on the wrist X-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximum percentage to establish a method to estimate the bone age, which was then checked by single blind method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Development grade of the first metacarpal bone and the first phalanx IV was partially closed (less than 1/3), but the rest was non-closed. The cross diameters of all the osteoepiphysis were wider than that of all the diaphysis. The development grade of the fourth metacarpal bone and the fifth metacarpal bone as well as the adjacent third phalanx were different in both younger age group (<14 years, mostly non-closed) and the older age group (>14 years, mostly closed). The confirmed accuracy (in 30 boys) was 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study seems to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for skeletal age determination using developmental metaphysis and anthropometry. The standard may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China. lk_ln@126.com
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jian-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Long-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Qin-Chu
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D050276:Hand Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D012016:Reference Values