title: p38 MAPK-dependent eNOS upregulation is critical for 17beta-estradiol-mediated cardioprotection following trauma-hemorrhage.
abstract: Studies have shown that p38 MAPK and nitric oxide (NO), generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), play key roles under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Although administration of 17beta-estradiol (E2) protects cardiovascular injury from trauma-hemorrhage, the mechanism by which E2 produces those effects remains unknown. Our objective was to determine whether the E2-mediated activation of myocardial p38 MAPK and subsequent eNOS expression/phosphorylation would protect the heart following trauma-hemorrhage. To study this, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent soft-tissue trauma (midline laparatomy) and hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure 35-40 mmHg for 90 min), followed by fluid resuscitation. Animals were pretreated with specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 (SB; 2 mg/kg), and nonselective NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 30 mg/kg) 30 min before vehicle (cyclodextrin) or E2 (100 microg/kg) treatment, followed by resuscitation, and were killed 2 h thereafter. Cardiovascular performance and other parameters were measured. E2 administration following trauma-hemorrhage increased cardiac p38 MAPK activity, eNOS expression and phosphorylation at Ser(1177), and nitrate/nitrite levels in plasma and heart tissues; these were associated with normalized cardiac performance, which was reversed by SB administration. In addition, E2 also prevented trauma-hemorrhage-induced increase in cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1), and ICAM-1, which was reversed by l-NAME administration. Administration of E2 following trauma-hemorrhage attenuated cardiac tissue injury markers, myeloperoxidase activity, and nitrotyrosine level, which were reversed by treatment with SB and l-NAME. The salutary effects of E2 on cardiac functions and tissue protection following trauma-hemorrhage are mediated, in part, through activation of p38 MAPK and subsequent eNOS expression and phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Jun-Te
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Zheng-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Ba
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Schwacha
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mashkoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Kirby I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: Irshad H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D048290:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016276:Ventricular Function / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; C495537:Cav1 protein, rat; D051242:Caveolin 1; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; C513296:Cxcl2 protein, rat; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D011725:Pyridines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D004958:Estradiol; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D048290:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 11; C093642:SB 203580; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester