Estrogen, inflammation, and platelet phenotype.
BACKGROUND
Although exogenous estrogenic therapies increase the risk of thrombosis, the effects of estrogen on formed elements of blood are uncertain.


OBJECTIVE
This article examines the genomic and nongenomic actions of estrogen on platelet phenotype that may contribute to increased thrombotic risk.


METHODS
To determine aggregation, secretion, protein expression, and thrombin generation, platelets were collected from experimental animals of varying hormonal status and from women enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study.


RESULTS
Estrogen receptor beta predominates in circulating platelets. Estrogenic treatment in ovariectomized animals decreased platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion. However, acute exposure to 17beta-estradiol did not reverse decreases in platelet ATP secretion invoked by lipopolysaccharide. Thrombin generation was positively correlated to the number of circulating microvesicles expressing phosphatidylserine.


CONCLUSIONS
Assessing the effect of estrogen treatments on blood platelets may lead to new ways of identifying women at risk for adverse thrombotic events with such therapies.
Miller
Virginia M
VM
Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. miller.virginia@mayo.edu
Jayachandran
Muthuvel
M
Hashimoto
Kazumori
K
Heit
John A
JA
Owen
Whyte G
WG
D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000008:administration & dosage
D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D004958:Estradiol