title: [Determination of ketamine and norketamine in blood and urine by high performance liquid chromatography].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of ketamine and norketamine in blood and urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The compounds were extracted from blood or urine by liquid-liquid extraction using toluene after blood or urine was adjusted pH to 14. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear limits of ketamine and norketamine determination in blood ranged from 0.05 microg/mL to 10 microg/mL (R2 > 0.9993) and in urine ranged from 0.01 microg/mL to 200 microg/mL (R2 > 0.9995). Limits of detection (LODs) for ketamine and norketamine were 0.006 microg/mL and 0.003 microg/mL (S/N > or = 3), respectively. The mean extraction recovery was over 82.4% and its coefficients of variation were less than 10.0% for ketamine and norketamine. Concentration-time curves and urinary drug velocity curves of ketamine norketamine were obtained by determinations of them in blood and urine in rat using the developed method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is sensitive, simple, rapid and suitable for determination of ketamine and norketamine in blood and urine for toxicological and clinical pharmaceutical analysis.
authors.affiliation: West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: O Lin-Chuan
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Lia
authors.forename: Wen-Jia
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lu-Yao
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: You-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; C033419:norketamine