title: Structural and functional biomarkers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease: a high-dimensional pattern classification study.
abstract: This work builds upon previous studies that reported high sensitivity and specificity in classifying individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is often a prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), via pattern classification of MRI scans. The current study integrates MRI and PET (15)O water scans from 30 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and tests the hypothesis that joint evaluation of structure and function can yield higher classification accuracy than either alone. Classification rates of up to 100% accuracy were achieved via leave-one-out cross-validation, whereas conservative estimates of generalization performance in new scans, evaluated via bagging cross-validation, yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve equal to 0.978 (97.8%), indicating excellent diagnostic accuracy. Spatial maps of regions determined to contribute the most to the classification implicated many temporal, prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and parietal regions. Detecting complex patterns of brain abnormality in early stages of cognitive impairment has pivotal importance for the detection and management of AD.
authors.affiliation: Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davatzikos
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity