title: Lipocalin-2: development, analytical characterization, and clinical testing of a new ELISA.
abstract: Lipocalin-2 (also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]) has been described as a promising marker of metabolic syndrome associated with inflammation. The aim of our work was to develop an assay for the determination of lipocalin-2 in human serum and to investigate its levels in healthy volunteers and donors suffering from metabolic syndrome. We also conducted a pilot study on individuals with metabolic syndrome and on healthy probands and measured lipocalin-2 in these individuals. We developed and evaluated the sandwich ELISA method for the quantitative determination of human lipocalin-2 in serum samples. We measured blood pressure, waist circumference, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose, creatinine, hs-CRP, and adiponectin and calculated the BMI and Quicki insulin sensitivity index. In the study on 153 healthy volunteers, we showed that sex and age are not determinative for lipocalin-2 serum values. Furthermore, we tested 45 individuals with metabolic syndrome; values of lipocalin-2 did not differ (78.8 vs. 80.0 microg/l, p =0.56) from the data of healthy individuals from the first study. Neither group differed with regard to sex or age. Lipocalin-2 correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (r=-0.3, p<0.01) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (r=-0.3, p<0.01), cholesterol (r=-0.21, p=0.047), creatinine (r=0.19, p=0.05), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.22, p=0.036). No significant correlation was found between serum lipocalin-2 and BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL, Quicki, or the number of metabolic syndrome components. When study patients with metabolic syndrome were further stratified according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome, serum concentrations of lipocalin-2 did not differ. The results presented demonstrate the analytical competence of the lipocalin-2 assay. However, we assumed that lipocalin-2 is not a routinely usable marker of metabolic syndrome or obesity. The association between serum lipocalin-2 and obesity or metabolic syndrome was not validated in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sternberk Hospital, Sternberk, Czech Republic. david.stejskal@nemstbk.cz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stejskal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karpísek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Humenanska
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hanulova
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stejskal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kusnierova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petzel
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D012015:Reference Standards; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase