title: DP-b99, a membrane-activated metal ion chelator, as neuroprotective therapy in ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  DP-b99 is a chelator of zinc and calcium ions that acts selectively within cell membranes and has neuroprotective properties in animal models of stroke. We present the results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to assess the safety and potential protective effects of DP-b99 in acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty stroke patients with signs of cortical involvement and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 7 to 20 received a 4-day course of intravenous 1 mg/kg per day DP-b99 or placebo within 1 to 9 hours of stroke onset. Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator was not allowed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major differences in mortality rate, causes of death, adverse events, safety laboratory tests, and ECG parameters were found between the 2 groups. The baseline NIHSS score of the 72 DP-b99- and 75 placebo-treated patients in the intent-to-treat cohort was (mean+/-SD) 12.2+/-4.0 and 12.6+/-3.3, respectively; the time to needle (mean+/-SD) was 6:36+/-1:47 and 6:28+/-1:33 hours, respectively; and the age (mean+/-SD) was 73.3+/-9.9 and 72.0+/-9.6 years, respectively. The 90-day median change from baseline (the primary end point) was -6.0 and -5.0 NIHSS points in the DP-b99 and placebo groups, respectively (nonsignificant). At 90 days, there was a significantly better outcome in the DP-b99 group compared with the placebo group (modified Rankin scale score of 0, 1, or same as prestroke): 30.6% and 16.0%, respectively (P=0.05). The recovery rate was unaffected by the time to needle. Further analyses indicated that the 90-day median change from baseline in patients with an entry NIHSS score of 10 to 16 was 8.0 and 5.0 points in the DP-b99 and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small-scale study, the primary end point of change in NIHSS score from baseline to 90 days was not met. However, secondary end points demonstrated a significantly improved 90-day recovery rate with treatment with DP-b99 when compared with placebo. In addition, in patients with baseline NIHSS scores of 10 to 16, a significant post hoc change in NIHSS score from baseline to day 90 was observed. No major safety problems were identified. These findings need to be confirmed with a larger prospective study of strokes involving the cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany. hans.diener@uni-duisburg-essen.de
authors.forename: Hans-Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lampl
authors.forename: Natan M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007477:Ions / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010919:Placebos; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; C428064:DP-b99; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010919:Placebos; D004533:Egtazic Acid