title: Expression of six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 in human adipose tissue associates with adiposity and insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a counterregulator of adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. Our hypothesis was that STAMP2 could be involved in human obesity and insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to elucidate the role of adipose STAMP2 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was to quantify STAMP2 in human abdominal sc and omental white adipose tissue (WAT), isolated adipocytes, and stroma and in vitro differentiated preadipocytes and relate levels of STAMP2 in sc WAT to clinical and adipocyte phenotypes involved in insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonobese and obese women and men (n = 236) recruited from an obesity clinic or through local advertisement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical measures included body mass index, body fat, total adiponectin, and homeostasis model assessment as measure of overall insulin resistance. In adipocytes we determined cell size, sensitivity of lipolysis and lipogenesis to insulin, adiponectin secretion, and inflammatory gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STAMP2 levels in sc and visceral WAT and adipocytes were increased in obesity (P = 0.0008-0.05) but not influenced by weight loss. Increased WAT STAMP2 levels associated with a high amount of body fat (P = 0.04), high homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.01), and large adipocytes (P = 0.02). Subjects with high STAMP2 levels displayed reduced sensitivity of adipocyte lipogenesis (P = 0.04) and lipolysis (P = 0.03) to insulin but had normal adiponectin levels. WAT STAMP2 levels correlated with expression of the macrophage marker CD68 (P = 0.0006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human WAT STAMP2 associates with obesity and insulin resistance independently of adiponectin, but the role of STAMP2 in obesity and its complications seems different from that in mice.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.arner@ki.se
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: Britta M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Stenson
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dungner
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Näslund
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffstedt
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryden
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dahlman
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C503310:STEAP4 protein, human