title: The risk of extra-colonic, extra-endometrial cancer in the Lynch syndrome.
abstract: Persons with the Lynch syndrome (LS) are at high risk for cancer, including cancers of the small bowel, stomach, upper urologic tract (renal pelvis and ureter), ovary, biliary tract and brain tumors, in addition to the more commonly observed colorectal and endometrial cancers. Cancer prevention strategies for these less common cancers require accurate, age-specific risk estimation. We pooled data from 4 LS research centers in a retrospective cohort study, to produce absolute incidence estimates for these cancer types, and to evaluate several potential risk modifiers. After elimination of 135 persons missing crucial information, cohort included 6,041 members of 261 families with LS-associated MLH1 or MSH2 mutations. All were either mutation carriers by test, probable mutation carriers (endometrial/colorectal cancer-affected), or first-degree relatives of these. Among mutation carriers and probable carriers, urologic tract cancer (N = 98) had an overall lifetime risk (to age 70) of 8.4% (95% CI: 6.6-10.8); risks were higher in males (p < 0.02) and members of MSH2 families (p < 0.0001). Ovarian cancer (N = 72) had an lifetime risk of 6.7% (95% CI: 5.3-9.1); risks were higher in women born after the median year of birth (p < 0.008) and in members of MSH2 families (p < 0.006). Brain tumors and cancers of the small bowel, stomach, breast and biliary tract were less common. Urologic tract cancer and ovarian cancer occur frequently enough in some LS subgroups to justify trials to evaluate promising prevention interventions. Other cancer types studied occur too infrequently to justify strenuous cancer control interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumours and the Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans F A
authors.initials: HFA
authors.lastname: Vasen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jyvaskyla Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
authors.forename: Jukka-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mecklin
authors.affiliation: The Danish HNPCC Register, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidrove Hospital, Hvidrove, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jyvaskyla Central Hospital, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aarnio
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.affiliation: The Danish HNPCC Register, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidrove Hospital, Hvidrove, Denmark.
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Myrhøj
authors.affiliation: Oncogenetic Clinic, Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sunde
authors.affiliation: Center of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Juul T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wijnen
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Henry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000235:genetics*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein