Contextual regulation of inflammation: a duet by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) are regulatory cytokines with pleiotropic roles in the immune system. The prominent function of TGF-beta is to maintain T cell tolerance to self or innocuous environmental antigens via its direct effects on the differentiation and homeostasis of effector and regulatory T cells. A critical route for the regulation of T cells by TGF-beta is via activation of a T cell-produced latent form of TGF-beta1 by dendritic cell-expressed avbeta8 integrin. IL-10 operates primarily as a feedback inhibitor of exuberant T cell responses to microbial antigens. T cells are also the principal producers of IL-10, the expression of which is regulated by IL-27, IL-6, and TGF-beta. The collective activity of TGF-beta and IL-10 ensures a controlled inflammatory response specifically targeting pathogens without evoking excessive immunopathology to self-tissues.
Li
Ming O
MO
Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. lim@mskcc.org
Flavell
Richard A
RA
D000818:Animals; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10