title: Effects of imatinib (Glivec) on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, a CYP2D6 substrate, in Chinese patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits a competitive inhibition on the CYP450 2D6 isozyme with a K(i) value of 7.5 microm. However, the clinical significance of the inhibition and its relevance to 2D6 polymorphisms have not been evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of imatinib have been well studied in Caucasians, but not in a Chinese population. Metoprolol, a CYP2D6 substrate, has different clearances among patients with different CYP2D6 genotypes. It is often used as a CYP2D6 probe substrate for clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-administration of imatinib at 400 mg twice daily increased the plasma AUC of metoprolol by approximately 23% in 20 Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), about 17% increase in CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers (IMs) (n = 6), 24% in extensive metabolizers (EMs) (n = 13), and 28% for the subject with unknown 2D6 status (n = 1) suggesting that imatinib has a weak to moderate inhibition on CYP2D6 in vivo. * The clearance of imatinib in Chinese patients with CML showed no difference between CYP2D6 IMs and EMs, and no major difference from Caucasian patients with CML based on data reported in the literature. AIMS To investigate the effect of imatinib on the pharmacokinetics of a CYP2D6 substrate, metoprolol, in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The pharmacokinetics of imatinib were also studied in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 20) received a single oral dose of metoprolol 100 mg on day 1 after an overnight fast. On days 2-10, imatinib 400 mg was administered twice daily. On day 8, another 100 mg dose of metoprolol was administered 1 h after the morning dose of imatinib 400 mg. Blood samples for metoprolol and alpha-hydroxymetoprolol measurement were taken on study days 1 and 8, and on day 8 for imatinib.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 patients enrolled, six patients (30%) were CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers (IMs), 13 (65%) extensive metabolizers (EMs), and the CYP2D6 status in one patient was unknown. In the presence of 400 mg twice daily imatinib, the mean metoprolol AUC was increased by 17% in IMs (from 1190 to 1390 ng ml(-1) h), and 24% in EMs (from 660 to 818 ng ml(-1) h). Patients classified as CYP2D6 IMs had an approximately 1.8-fold higher plasma metoprolol exposure than those classified as EMs. The oral clearance of imatinib was 11.0 +/- 2.0 l h(-1) and 11.8 +/- 4.1 l h(-1) for CYP2D6 IMs and EMs, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Co-administration of a high dose of imatinib resulted in a small or moderate increase in metoprolol plasma exposure in all patients regardless of CYP2D6 status. The clearance of imatinib showed no difference between CYP2D6 IMs and EMs.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Clinical Pharmacology, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Florham Park, NJ, USA. yanfeng.wang@novartis.com
authors.forename: Yanfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dutreix
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Venkat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sethuraman
authors.forename: Gilles-Jacques
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Riviere
authors.forename: Ophelia Q P
authors.initials: OQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schran
authors.forename: Zhi-Xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001549:Benzamides; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D008790:Metoprolol