title: Evaluation of efficacy of four laparoscopic needle drivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the impact of needle driver design on laparoscopic suturing skills by experts and novices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three experienced laparoscopic surgeons and 3 novice junior residents were asked to perform a fixed set of suturing tasks in a laparoscopic pelvic-trainer. The laparoscopic needle drivers compared were (1) the Ethicon driver (E 705R), (2) Karl Storz (KS) pistol grip (26173 KC), (3) KS finger grip (26167 SK), and (4) KS palm grip (26173 ML). Times were recorded for each operator to grasp and position a needle for suturing in a particular angle, as well as to throw a horizontal and a vertical stitch and tie a single square knot using 2-0 Vicryl suture with a taper CT-1 needle. Subsequently, participants were asked to complete a subjective questionnaire rating the drivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average suturing time provided the most discriminatory power in comparing the needle drivers. For experienced operators, the KS pistol grip allowed faster suturing times than did the KS finger grip and the KS palm grip but not the Ethicon driver. For novice users, the Ethicon driver allowed faster suturing times than did the KS finger grip but not the KS pistol grip or the KS palm grip. In the subjective questionnaire, the KS pistol grip received the highest scores, and the KS finger grip received the lowest scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Novice laparoscopists performed best with the KS pistol grip as well as the Ethicon laparoscopic needle drivers while experienced laparoscopists performed best with the pistol grip KS needle driver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urological Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Anup P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ramani
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braasch
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botnaru
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavers
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nardi Pedro
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009339:Needles; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis