title: Hypoxia in microscopic tumors.
abstract: Tumor hypoxia has been commonly observed in a broad spectrum of primary solid malignancies. Hypoxia is associated with tumor progression, increased aggressiveness, enhanced metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Hypoxic tumor cells are resistant to radiotherapy and some forms of chemotherapy. Using an animal model, we recently showed that microscopic tumors less than 1mm diameter were severely hypoxic. In this review, models and techniques for the study of hypoxia in microscopic tumors are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 84, New York, NY 10065, USA. LiX1@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Donoghue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*