title: Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to controls--the role of inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of traditional and novel risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with PsA compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared risk factors for CVD between 102 consecutive PsA patients and 82 controls, adjusting for BMI. We also assessed the role of inflammation on the CVD risk factor by using a BMI and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP)-adjusted model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BMI of PsA patients were significantly higher than healthy controls. After adjusting for the BMI, PsA patients still have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) [odds ratio (OR) 9.27, 95% CI 2.09, 41.09) and hypertension (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.68, 6.72), but a lower prevalence of low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.07, 0.41). PsA patients have significantly increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers (hsCRP and white cell count) compared to controls. PsA patients have higher HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 levels; and lower total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and a lower TC/HDL ratio. However, the Apo B level (P < 0.05), and the Apo B/Apo A1 ratio (P = 0.07) were higher in PsA patients. Further adjustment for hsCRP level rendered the differences in the prevalence of hypertension and DM; the TC, and sugar levels; and white cell count non-significant between the two groups; while the differences in other parameters remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the hypothesis that PsA may be associated with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance because of the shared inflammatory pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. tamls_813@yahoo.com
authors.forename: L-S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: T T-W
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: L-W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y-E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: K-C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: E W-L
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Kun
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000032:analysis; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000032:analysis; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D002097:C-Reactive Protein