title: Effects of high CO2 level during early incubation and late incubation in ovo dexamethasone injection on perinatal embryonic parameters and post-hatch growth of broilers.
abstract: 1. A total of 1200 Cobb broiler breeder eggs were incubated under either standard conditions (C group) or high CO(2) levels (CO(2) group) during the first 10 d of incubation. The CO(2) level of the CO(2) incubator was attained gradually by a natural build-up of CO(2) due to air-tight closure of the incubator. From d 10 of incubation onwards, all eggs were incubated under standard incubation conditions. At d 18 of incubation, the eggs of both incubation groups (CO(2) and C group) were either injected with water-soluble dexamethasone (DEXA group) or with saline (0.9% NaCl; saline group) or were not injected (control). 2. Body weights, plasma hormonal concentrations (T(3), T(4) and corticosteroid) and glucose concentrations were measured regularly during the perinatal (at IP, internal pipping) and post-hatch period (at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-hatch). Additionally, hatchability and pattern of embryonic mortality were determined after hatch. 3. The results showed that high CO(2) levels during the first 10 d of incubation or dexamethasone injection at d 18 of incubation decreased embryo mortality, mainly because of a reduction in embryo malpositioning. However, a combination of a CO(2) incubation and a dexamethasone injection led to an increase in embryo mortality and therefore a decrease in hatchability. 4. Although dexamethasone injection at embryonic d 18 decreased body weight in the second week of the rearing period and CO(2) incubation increased body weight during the first 2 weeks of the rearing period, no consistent effect of both the incubation and injection treatments on body weight at slaughter age was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems, Division Livestock-Nutrition-Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium. hilke.willemsen@biw.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tona
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bruggeman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onagbesan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Decuypere
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D013974:Thyroxine