title: Influence of fungicides on grape yeast content and its evolution in the fermentation.
abstract: The influence of six fungicides (famoxadone, fenhexamid, fluquinconazole, kresoxim-methyl, quinoxyfen, trifloxystrobin) on the yeast content in harvested grapes has been studied along with their effect on it during the wine-making process. Two treatments were carried out with authorized formulates at the manufacturer doses. The first was carried out under good agricultural practices, obeying the security times, and the second one under critical conditions, applied on the day of harvesting. The grapes were harvested two hours after the application. During the wine-making process, samples were taken at 1, 5, 12 and 20 days after the start. The levels observed in the control sample (1.9 log CFU/cm2) were similar to previous studies. The counts in all treated samples were higher than the control sample, without adverse effect of the pesticides on the yeast count even in the grapes treated on the day of harvest. As with the observations on grapes, no effect of the pesticides on the fermentation count was observed. All counts on the treated samples were higher than the control sample. The treatment on the day of harvest did not have any effect on the fermentation count, with superior results being obtained for all the pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Dpto. Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cayuela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Cacha
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cámara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barba
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues