title: Molecular characterization of human breast tumor vascular cells.
abstract: A detailed understanding of the assortment of genes that are expressed in breast tumor vessels is needed to facilitate the development of novel, molecularly targeted anti-angiogenic agents for breast cancer therapies. Rapid immunohistochemistry using factor VIII-related antibodies was performed on sections of frozen human luminal-A breast tumors (n = 5) and normal breast (n = 5), followed by laser capture microdissection of vascular cells. RNA was extracted and amplified, and fluorescently labeled cDNA was synthesized and hybridized to 44,000-element long-oligonucleotide DNA microarrays. Statistical analysis of microarray was used to compare differences in gene expression between tumor and normal vascular cells, and Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer was used to determine enrichment of gene ontology categories. Protein expression of select genes was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. Of the 1176 genes that were differentially expressed between tumor and normal vascular cells, 55 had a greater than fourfold increase in expression level. The extracellular matrix gene ontology category was increased while the ribosome gene ontology category was decreased. Fibroblast activation protein, secreted frizzled-related protein 2, Janus kinase 3, and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 proteins localized to breast tumor endothelium as assessed by immunohistochemistry, showing significantly greater staining compared with normal tissue. These tumor endothelial marker proteins also exhibited increased expression in breast tumor vessels compared with that in normal tissues. Therefore, these genetic markers may serve as potential targets for the development of angiogenesis inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhati
authors.forename: Cam
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Livasy
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ketelsen
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Evangeline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Dominic T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Perou
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klauber-DeMore
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D042282:Microdissection; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis