title: Clinical and ultrasonographic correlation between scapular dyskinesia and subacromial space measurement among junior elite tennis players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the hypothesis that tennis players with scapular dyskinesia present a smaller subacromial space than non-athletes was investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the size of the subacromial space and abnormalities in scapular movement during arm abduction was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 53 elite tennis players and 20 control participants were enrolled in the study. Participation was restricted to elite-level, junior tennis players who had no current shoulder pain or history of shoulder injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each individual was examined for scapular dyskinesia by a single physician and by ultrasound, with the results analysed in a blind fashion by a single radiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  43.4% of the tennis players and 20% of control participants presented with scapular dyskinesia. Of the 106 shoulders evaluated, 39.6% of tennis players and 10% of control participants presented with scapular dyskinesia in the clinical examination (p = 0.005). Ultrasonographic measurements demonstrated that tennis players presented statistically smaller subacromial spaces compared with control participants (p<0.001). A decrease in the subacromial space was observed in tennis players when the shoulder was raised from 0 degrees to 60 degrees of abduction; however, dyskinesia-afflicted athletes demonstrated a significantly greater decrease following this movement (19.3 vs 13.8 mm, p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrated that tennis players with scapular dyskinesia present a smaller subacromial space than control participants. Furthermore, when the shoulder was analysed dynamically, moving from neutral abduction to 60 degrees of elevation, the tennis players with scapular dyskinesia presented a greater reduction in the subacromial space compared with unaffected athletes.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Rua Botucatu 591, 18 Andar, Sao Paulo, CEP 04023-062, Brazil. rogerio@neo.org.br
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: C F de Souza
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Laurino
authors.forename: J P Rocha
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Biló
mesh_terms: D000173:Acromioclavicular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D012540:Scapula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013715:Tennis; D014463:Ultrasonography