title: Treatment of human colon cancer xenografts with TRA-8 anti-death receptor 5 antibody alone or in combination with CPT-11.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo efficacy of TRA-8, a mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to the DR5 death receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (also called Apo2L), alone and in combination with CPT-11, against human colon cancer cells and xenografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  DR5 expression was assessed on human colon cancer cell lines using flow cytometry, and cellular cytotoxicity after TRA-8 treatment, alone and in combination with SN-38, was determined by measuring cellular ATP levels. Tumor growth inhibition and regression rates of well-established subcutaneous COLO 205, SW948, HCT116, and HT-29 colon cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice treated with TRA-8 or CPT-11 alone and in combination were determined. (99m)Tc-TRA-8 was used to examine tumor localization of TRA-8 in animals bearing each of the four xenografts. In addition, whole-body biodistribution and imaging was carried out in COLO 205-bearing animals using in vivo single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and tissue counting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DR5 expression was highest on HCT116, intermediate on SW948 and COLO 205 cells, and lowest on HT-29 cells. COLO 205 cells were the most sensitive to TRA-8-induced cytotoxicity in vitro, SW948 and HCT116 cell lines were moderately sensitive, and HT-29 cells were resistant. Combination treatment with TRA-8 and SN-38 produced additive to synergistic cytotoxicity against all cell lines compared with either single agent. The levels of apoptosis in all cell lines, including HT-29, were increased by combination treatment with SN-38. In vivo, combination therapy with TRA-8 and CPT-11 was superior to either single-agent regimen for three of the xenografts: COLO 205, SW948, and HCT116. COLO 205 tumors were most responsive to therapy with 73% complete regressions after combination therapy. HT-29 cells derived no antitumor efficacy from TRA-8 therapy. Tumor xenografts established from the four colon cancer cell lines had comparable specific localization of (99m)Tc-TRA-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro and in vivo effects of TRA-8 anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody on four different colon cancer cell lines and xenografts were quite variable. The HT-29 cell line had low surface DR5 expression and was resistant to TRA-8 both in vitro and in vivo. Three cell lines (COLO 205, SW948, and HCT116) exhibited moderate to high sensitivity to TRA-8-mediated cytotoxicity which was further enhanced by the addition of SN-38, the active metabolite of CPT-11. In vivo, the combination of TRA-8 and CPT-11 treatment produced the highest antitumor efficacy against xenografts established from the three TRA-8-sensitive tumor cell lines. All four colon cancer xenografts had comparable localization of (99m)Tc-TRA-8. These studies support the strategy of TRA-8/CPT-11 combined treatment in human colon cancer clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-6832, USA.
authors.forename: Patsy G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Albert F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: LoBuglio
authors.forename: Kurt R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: Hyunki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wenquan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin