title: Interaction of soil, water and TNT during degradation of TNT on contaminated soil using subcritical water.
abstract: Subcritical water was used at laboratory scale to reveal information with respect to the degradation mechanism of TNT on contaminated soil. Highly contaminated soil (12% TNT) was heated with water at four different temperatures, 150, 175, 200 and 225 degrees C and samples were obtained at appropriate time intervals. At the same time, similar experiments were performed with TNT spiked on to clean soil, sand and pure water in order to compare and eliminate various factors that may be present in the more complex contaminated soil system. Subcritical water was successful at remediating TNT-contaminated soil. TNT destruction percentages ranged between 98 and 100%. The aim of this work was to study the soil-water-contaminant interaction and determine the main physical parameters that affect TNT degradation. It was shown that the rate-limiting step of the process is the extraction/diffusion of TNT molecules from the soil core to the soil surface, where they degrade. Additionally, it was determined that the soil matrix also catalyses degradation to a lesser extent. Autocatalytic effects were not clearly observed.
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Crete, Department of Environmental Engineering, University Campus, 73100 Chania, Crete, Greece. dimitrios.kalderis@enveng.tuc.gr
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalderis
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gidarakos
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014867:Water; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; D012822:Silicon Dioxide