title: Insulin resistance and lichen planus in patients with HCV-infectious liver diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes liver diseases and extrahepatic manifestations, and also contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of the present study were to examine the incidence of extrahepatic manifestations including lichen planus in HCV-infected patients and to evaluate the relationship between lichen planus and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 9396 patients with liver diseases presenting to the study hospital, 87 patients (mean age 60.0 +/- 11.5 years) with HCV-related liver diseases were identified and examined for the incidence of extrahepatic manifestations. Insulin resistance and the presence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of DM was 21.8% (19/87), hypertension was 28.7% (25/87), thyroid dysfunction was 20.7% (18/87), and extrahepatic malignant tumor was 9.2% (8/87). The prevalence of lichen planus at oral, cutaneous, pharyngeal, and/or vulval locations was 19.5% (17/87). Characteristics of 17 patients with lichen planus (group A) were compared with 70 patients without lichen planus (group B). Prevalence of smoking history, presence of hypertension, extrahepatic malignant tumor, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in group A than in group B. Significant differences were not observed for age, sex, body mass index, diagnosis of liver disease, alcohol consumption, presence of DM, thyroid dysfunction, liver function tests, or presence of H. pylori infection between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection with HCV induces insulin resistance and may cause lichen planus. It is necessary for an HCV-infected patient to be assayed for insulin resistance, and to be checked for different extrahepatic manifestations of this infection, particularly lichen planus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Disease Information & Research, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. nagao@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008010:Lichen Planus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence