Translational control of gene expression: a molecular switch for memory storage.
A critical requirement for the conversion of the labile short-term memory (STM) into the consolidated long-term memory (LTM) is new gene expression (new mRNAs and protein synthesis). The first clues to the molecular mechanisms of the switch from short-term to LTM emerged from studies on protein synthesis in different species. Initially, it was shown that LTM can be distinguished from STM by its susceptibility to protein synthesis inhibitors. Later, it was found that long-lasting synaptic changes, which are believed to be a key cellular mechanism by which information is stored, are also dependent on new protein synthesis. Although the role of protein synthesis in memory was reported more than 40 years ago, recent molecular, genetic, and biochemical studies have provided fresh insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the role of translational control by the eIF2alpha signaling pathway in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation.
Costa-Mattioli
Mauro
M
Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Center, 3655 Promendde Sir William Osler, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
Sonenberg
Nahum
N
D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
C070634:Eif2ak4 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases