title: An in vitro comparison of possibly bioactive titanium implant surfaces.
abstract: The aim of the study was to compare Ca and P formation (CaP) and subsequent bone cell response of a blasted and four different possibly bioactive commercially pure (cp) titanium surfaces; 1. Fluoride etched (Fluoride), 2. Alkali-heat treated (AH), 3. Magnesium ion incorporated anodized (TiMgO), and 4. Nano HA coated and heat treated (nano HA) in vitro. Furthermore, to evaluate the significance of the SBF formed CaP coat on bone cell response. The surfaces were characterized by Optical Interferometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). CaP formation was evaluated after 12, 24 and 72 h in simulated body fluid (SBF). Primary human mandibular osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the various surfaces subjected to SBF for 72 h. Cellular attachment, differentiation (osteocalcin) and protein production (TGF-beta(1)) was evaluated after 3 h and 10 days respectively. Despite different morphological appearances, the roughness of the differently modified surfaces was similar. The possibly bioactive surfaces gave rise to an earlier CaP formation than the blasted surface, however, after 72 h the blasted surface demonstrated increased CaP formation compared to the possibly bioactive surfaces. Subsequent bone cell attachment was correlated to neither surface roughness nor the amount of formed CaP after SBF treatment. In contrast, osteocalcin and TGF-beta(1) production were largely correlated to the amount of CaP formed on the surfaces. However, bone response (cell attachment, osteocalcin and TGF-F production) on the blasted controls were similar or increased compared to the SBF treated fluoridated, AH and TiMgO surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Surgical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. anna.goransson@biomaterials.gu.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Göransson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Franke-Stenport
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kjellin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Sul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015675:Osteocalcin; D010758:Phosphorus; D014025:Titanium; D002118:Calcium