title: Stimulus-response characteristics of motor evoked potentials and silent periods in proximal and distal upper-extremity muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare stimulus-response characteristics of both motor evoked potentials (MEP) and silent periods (SP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in proximal and distal upper-extremity muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimulus-response curves of MEPs and SPs were obtained from the biceps brachii (BB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles in 15 healthy participants. A nonlinear mixed model was used to fit the stimulus-response curves to a sigmoid Boltzmann function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small residuals of the function were found for MEPs and SPs in both muscles. Higher maximal MEP amplitudes were found for the BB compared to the ADM (p<0.01). The active motor threshold to obtain a SP was less for the ADM compared to the BB (p<0.01). The slope parameter of the function of the SP duration was steeper and more variable in the ADM than in the BB (p<0.01). For the MEP amplitude no difference in active motor threshold and slope of the function was found between both muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excitatory (MEP) and inhibitory (SP) effects of TMS differ between proximal arm and distal hand muscles in healthy participants. The adequate fit of our model suggests that this model can be used to study between and within subject changes in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen, Medical Centre, The Netherlands. a.v.kuijk@reval.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Annette A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Kuijk
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Anker
authors.forename: Jaco W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pasman
authors.forename: Jan C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Elswijk
authors.forename: Alexander C H
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Geurts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003198:Computer Simulation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult