title: Cholesterol goal attainment in patients with coronary heart disease and elevated coronary risk: results of the Hong Kong hospital audit study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine 1) long-term lipid-lowering treatment patterns; 2) cholesterol goal attainment rates and possible determinants of goal achievement; and 3) effects of cholesterol goal attainment on coronary events in hospitalized Hong Kong patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort analysis, records of two public Hong Kong hospitals were reviewed for 196 adults (69% with coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD-risk equivalent) who received at least one lipid-lowering therapy during hospitalization. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets were <2.6 mmol/l (<100 mg/dL) for patients with CHD or CHD risk equivalents and <3.37 mmol/l (<130 mg/dL) for those without.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most participants were initiated on regimens of low to midequipotency doses and never had their regimens adjusted to higher potency. Approximately 44% of patients not at LDL-C at baseline failed to achieve goal during a median follow-up of 1.9 years. Patients with higher coronary risk and/or LDL-C levels at baseline were less likely than their lower-risk counterparts to achieve goal; for each 1-mmol/l (38.7-mg/dL) increase in LDL-C at baseline, the likelihood of attaining goal declined by 64%. Patients achieving cholesterol goal had significantly longer cardiovascular event-free times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 44% of Hong Kong patients not at LDL-C goals at baseline did not achieve them over 1.9 years. More effective and well-tolerated therapies, including adjunctive regimens (e.g., ezetimibe-statin, niacin-statin), may be necessary to enhance LDL-C goal achievement and increase event-free time.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. kclee@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Kenneth K C
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Vivian W Y
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wai Kwong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Benjamin S C
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Agnes C Y
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jasper C L
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Evo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alemao
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL