title: CCN1 knockdown suppresses neointimal hyperplasia in a rat artery balloon injury model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CCN1 (Cyr61) is an extracellular matrix-associated protein involved in cell proliferation and survival. CCN1 is bound to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via integrins and is expressed in VSMCs in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting involvement in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that knockdown of CCN1 may inhibit VSMC proliferation and suppress neointimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the effect of the knockdown of CCN1 using rat cultured VSMCs and a rat balloon injury model. CCN1 stimulated adhesion and migration of VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner, and this was blocked by an antibody for integrin alpha(6)beta(1). Moreover, knockdown of endogenous CCN1 by lentiviral delivery of siRNA significantly inhibited proliferation of VSMCs and the uptake of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Replenishment with recombinant CCN1 reversed the effect of siRNA knockdown. Interestingly, knockdown of CCN1 significantly suppressed neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery balloon injury model at days 14 and 28 after injury. Gene transfer of CCN1 to smooth muscle reversed the effect of CCN1 knockdown on neointimal formation. These results suggest that endogenous CCN1 regulates proliferation of VSMCs and neointimal hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of CCN1 may provide a promising strategy for the prevention of restenosis after vascular interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. hiromatz@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumae
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Togi
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Masakiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobuyoshi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C501849:CCN1 protein, rat; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016023:Integrins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering