title: Familial breast cancers without mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have low cyclin E and high cyclin D1 in contrast to cancers in BRCA mutation carriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the expression of critical cell cycle regulators cyclin E and cyclin D1 in familial breast cancer, focusing on BRCA mutation-negative tumors. Cyclin E expression in tumors of BRCA1 or BRCA2 carriers is higher, and cyclin D1 expression lower, than in sporadic tumors. In familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors, cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyclin E and cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression was studied in tissue microarrays consisting of 53 BRCA1, 58 BRCA2, 798 familial non-BRCA1/2, and 439 sporadic breast tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, BRCA1 tumors had significantly more frequently high cyclin E (88%) and low cyclin D1 (84%) expression than sporadic (54% and 49%, respectively) or familial non-BRCA1/2 (38% and 45%, respectively) tumors. BRCA2 tumors had significantly more frequently low cyclin D1 expression (68%) than sporadic or familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors and significantly more frequently high cyclin E expression than familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors. In a logistic regression model, cyclin expression, early age of onset, and estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status were the independent factors most clearly distinguishing tumors of BRCA1 mutation carriers from other familial breast cancers. High cyclin E and low cyclin D1 expression were also independent predictors of BRCA2 mutation when compared with familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors. Most interestingly, lower frequency of high cyclin E expression independently distinguished familial non-BRCA1/2 tumors also from sporadic ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin E and cyclin D1 expression distinguishes non-BRCA1/2 tumors from both sporadic and BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated tumors and may reflect different predisposition and pathogenesis in these groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. kirsimari.aaltonen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Kirsimari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blomqvist
authors.forename: Rose-Marie
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Hannaleena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aittomäki
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nevanlinna
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019927:Cyclin E; D019938:Cyclin D1