title: Striatal histone modifications in models of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.
abstract: Despite recent advances in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD), levodopa remains the most effective and widely used therapy. A major limitation to the use of levodopa is the development of abnormal involuntary movements, termed levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LDID), following chronic levodopa treatment. Since recent studies have suggested that modifications of chromatin structure may be responsible for many long-lasting changes in brain function, we have examined post-translational modifications of striatal histones in two models of LDID: an acute murine model and a chronic macaque monkey model, both exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). In the primate model, which closely resembles human LDID, we observed that chronic levodopa and the appearance of LDID was associated with marked deacetylation of histone H4, hyperacetylation and dephosphorylation of histone H3, and enhancement of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In the murine model of acutely rather than chronically induced LDID, dopamine depletion and levodopa treatment also induced deacetylation of histone H4 and phosphorylation of ERK, but histone H3 exhibited decreased trimethylation and reduced rather than enhanced acetylation. These data demonstrate striking changes in striatal histones associated with the induction of LDID in both animal models. The pattern of changes observed, as well as the behavioral features, differed in the two models. However, both models exhibit marked deacetylation of histone H4, suggesting that inhibitors of H4 deacetylation may be useful in preventing or reversing LDID.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA. nicholas@uab.edu
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Farah D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Lubin
authors.forename: Penelope J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: Padmapriya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vattem
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravenscroft
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bezard
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brotchie
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sweatt
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Standaert
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000009:adverse effects; D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007980:Levodopa / Q000633:toxicity*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D006657:Histones; D007980:Levodopa; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases