title: Regional Health System Response to the 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, EF5 Tornado.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On May 4, 2007 an EF5 tornado hit the rural community of Greensburg, KS, destroying 95% of the town and resulting in 12 fatalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was requested from the emergency medical services units that initially responded and the regional hospitals that received people injured in the tornado within 24 hours following the tornado. Requested data included patient age and sex, and injury severity score or ICD-9 codes. Critical mortality, or the number of deaths of critically injured patients, was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extensive damage caused by the tornado effectively destroyed the infrastructure of the community and created enormous challenges for emergency medical services responders, who were unable to record any triage data. Area hospitals treated 90 patients, who had an average injury severity score of 6.4. Age was found to be related to injury severity, but no relationship between sex and injury severity was found. Critical mortality was found to be 18% for this event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injury severity score has seldom been used to analyze natural disasters, especially tornadoes, although such analysis is helpful for understanding the magnitude of the disaster, comparing to other disasters, and preparing for future incidents. Advanced warning and personal preparedness are important factors in reducing tornado-related injuries and deaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, 1010 North Kansas, Wichita, KS 67214, USA. eablah@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ablah
authors.forename: Annie M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tinius
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Konda
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Synovitz
authors.forename: Italo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Subbarao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054597:Disaster Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004190:Disasters; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007615:Kansas / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008330:Management Audit; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D011634:Public Health; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology