title: Alterations of RB1 gene in embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: special reference to utility of pRB immunoreactivity in differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma subtype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, is classified into two major histologic subtypes, embryonal RMS (ERMS) and alveolar RMS (ARMS). RMS is occasionally reported to be the second neoplasm of hereditary retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma is known as the most common second neoplasm of hereditary retinoblastoma, and tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma has been proven in previous studies to be related to the RB gene (RB1) alteration. Therefore, there might be a correlation between the tumorigenesis of RMS and RB1 alteration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the RB protein (pRB) expression and RB1 alteration such as allelic imbalance (gain or loss) and homozygous deletion, using immunohistochemistry, microsatellite makers, and quantitative real-time PCR in 57 sporadic RMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allelic imbalance was more frequently detected in ERMS (13/27), than in ARMS (3/20) (P = 0.04). Homozygous deletion on the protein-binding pocket domain of RB1 was found in 6 of 27 ERMS and in 2 of 20 ARMS (P = 0.24). Furthermore, immunohistochemical pRB labeling indexes (LI) in 31 ERMS (median value, 31%) were significantly reduced in comparison with those observed in 26 ARMS (median value, 85%) (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the assertion that tumorigenesis of RMS may be associated with RB1 alteration especially in ERMS, as previously reported for osteosarcoma. As for the RB pathway, each subtype of RMS may have a different tumorigenesis. In addition, immunohistochemical pRB LI may have the potential to be a useful ancillary tool in the differential diagnosis of RMS subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathological Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohashi
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sadafumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamiya
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahira
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
authors.forename: Masazumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009154:Mutation; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018232:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D018233:Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein