title: Takayasu arteritis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the clinical features, angiographic findings, and outcomes of children with Takayasu arteritis (TA) in Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, laboratory, and angiographic findings and outcomes of 19 children with TA were evaluated with a retrospective chart review. The criteria for inclusion were those proposed by the American College of Rheumatology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup period was 35.89 +/- 40.75 months (range 1-168, median 30). There were 14 girls and 5 boys. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.84 +/- 2.69 years (range 8-17, median 13). The most common complaints on admission were headache (84%), abdominal pain (37%), claudication of extremities (32%), fever (26%), and weight loss (10%). One patient presented with visual loss. Examination on admission revealed hypertension (89%), absent pulses (58%), and bruits (42%). Angiography revealed type I in 13 patients (aortic arch, descending thoracic, and abdominal aorta), type II in 4 (descending thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta), and type IV in 2 (diffuse aortic and pulmonary artery). The most commonly involved vessels were the renal, subclavian, and carotid arteries. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, and further immunosuppressive therapy was added in 15 patients. Fourteen of the 17 hypertensive patients had renal artery stenosis and 9 underwent surgery or interventional therapy. Thoraco-abdominal bypass graft was performed in 2 patients who had abdominal aortic stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertension is the most common clinical feature at presentation. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy was effective in the control of disease activity. Angioplasty or bypass grafting was successfully performed when needed.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nephrology, Ministry of Health Diskapi Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. nilguncakar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nilgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cakar
authors.forename: Fatos
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duzova
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sirin
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oner
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bek
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fitoz
authors.forename: Aysun Karabay
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bayazit
authors.forename: Zelal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bircan
authors.forename: Seza
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uncu
authors.forename: Mesiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D001027:Aortography; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones