title: Verapamil prevents the apoptotic and hemodynamic changes in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstruction of the urinary tract has marked effects on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and tubular function. Moreover, ureteral obstruction results in an injury response that can progress to irreversible renal fibrosis and tubular atrophy by apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of a calcium channel blocker (verapamil) on renal functions and the abundance of apoptotic (p53, Fas, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA]) markers 1 week after Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry studies revealed that UUO was markedly associated with up-regulation in the expression of p53 (1550 +/- 82 vs 100 +/- 23%), Fas (657 +/- 48 vs 100 +/- 31%), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (945 +/- 70 vs 100 +/- 17% of sham levels). Administration of verapamil normalized the up-regulation of apoptotic markers p53 (724 +/- 116 vs 1550 +/- 82%); Fas (162 +/- 38 vs 657 +/- 48%) and PCNA (353 +/- 54 vs 945 +/- 70%). Furthermore, tubular diameter, as an important marker for detecting tubular atrophy was significantly decreased compared to those in UUO rabbits. The percent area of interstitial fibrosis in UUO kidneys was significantly greater than that in Verapamil-treated kidneys. Importantly, Verapamil reduced the development of interstitial fibrosis in UUO rabbits. We measured the GFR and renal blood flow in UUO. Short-term Verapamil challenge partially prevented the decrease in GFR (non-treated UUO: 62 +/- 14; Verapamil + UUO: 119 +/- 7; Sham: 127 +/- 23 microL x min(-1) x kg body wt(-1), P < 0.05) and renal blood flow (non-treated UUO: 1.1 +/- 0.4; Verapamil + UUO: 5.0 +/- 0.2; sham: 6.3 +/- 0.2 mL x min(-1) x kg body wt(-1), P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verapamil significantly prevents impairment in renal function and also prevents the up-regulation of p53, Fas, and PCNA during UUO, demonstrating a marked renoprotective effect of Verapamil treatment in conditions with urinary tract obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sahinbey Hospital, University of Gaziantep Medical School, TR-2770 Kolejtepe, Gaziantep, Turkey. oguz.topcu@ki.au.dk
authors.forename: Sukru O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Sakip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erturhan
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erbagci
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yagci
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ucak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019014:fas Receptor; D014700:Verapamil