title: Human monocytes both enhance and inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer in SCID mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocytes/macrophages exhibit antitumour potential, but clinicopathological evidence suggests that they may both inhibit and enhance tumour growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of monocytes on the growth of human pancreatic cancer (HPC-4) in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshly isolated human monocytes or CD14+ cells from cocultures with tumour cells were coengrafted, at various ratios, with HPC-4 cells into SCID mice. The tumour size and angiogenesis were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a high ratio of monocytes to cancer cells the enhancement and, at a low ratio, the inhibition of tumour growth was observed. Multiple intratumoral applications of monocytes in large numbers also enhanced tumour growth. Deactivation of monocytes by a short pre-exposure to tumour cells in vitro before engraftment led to increased tumour growth. Monocytes used in large numbers and deactivated monocytes in low doses enhanced tumour-induced angiogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monocytes may both facilitate and suppress the growth of human tumours in SCID mice and both the number of monocytes, as well as the state of monocyte deactivation are critical for the final outcome of monocyte-tumour interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Polish-American Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Bozenna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mytar
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baj-Krzyworzeka
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majka
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zembala
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines