title: Stress, acute hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia role of the autonomic nervous system and cytokines.
abstract: Stress is accompanied by metabolic alterations that could contribute to the etiology of diabetes mellitus, arteriosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases; however, the mechanisms by which stress affects glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be resolved. Stress-induced effects on neurotransmission and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling rapidly produce hyperglycemia by increasing sympathetic outflow. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system can also rapidly stimulate lipolysis and hepatic triglyceride secretion. Furthermore, stress increases serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels by activating neuroendocrine systems. IL-6 and NGF can rapidly increase lipolysis and hepatic triglyceride secretion without inducing hyperglycemia. The sympathetic nervous system does not mediate cytokine-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Thus, the central nervous system plays an important role in regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via the sympathetic nervous system and cytokines. (Trends Endocrinol Metab 1997;8:192-197). (c) 1997, Elsevier Science Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nonogaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iguchi