title: High temporal resolution functional MRI using parallel echo volumar imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To combine parallel imaging with 3D single-shot acquisition (echo volumar imaging, EVI) in order to acquire high temporal resolution volumar functional MRI (fMRI) data.
  
  
  METHODS
  An improved EVI sequence was associated with parallel acquisition and field of view reduction in order to acquire a large brain volume in 200 msec. Temporal stability and functional sensitivity were increased through optimization of all imaging parameters and Tikhonov regularization of parallel reconstruction. Two human volunteers were scanned with parallel EVI in a 1.5T whole-body MR system, while submitted to a slow event-related auditory paradigm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thanks to parallel acquisition, the EVI volumes display a low level of geometric distortions and signal losses. After removal of low-frequency drifts and physiological artifacts, activations were detected in the temporal lobes of both volunteers and voxelwise hemodynamic response functions (HRF) could be computed. On these HRF different habituation behaviors in response to sentence repetition could be identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates the feasibility of high temporal resolution 3D fMRI with parallel EVI. Combined with advanced estimation tools, this acquisition method should prove useful to measure neural activity timing differences or study the nonlinearities and nonstationarities of the BOLD response.
authors.affiliation: CEA/DSV/I 2 BM/Neurospin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. cecile.rabrait@ambre.net
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabrait
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciuciu
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribés
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poupon
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dehaine-Lambertz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Bihan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lethimonnier
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male