title: Front-line epistaxis management: let's not forget the basics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We postulated that epistaxis patients frequently have their nose packed in the accident and emergency department without any reasonable prior attempt at nasal assessment and nasal cautery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone survey of 104 accident and emergency departments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 100 per cent response rate was achieved. In all but one of the departments surveyed, first line management was carried out by accident and emergency doctors. Seventy-four per cent of accident and emergency doctors perform nasal cautery as first line management. Within accident and emergency departments, the availability and usage of head illumination, nasal speculums, topical anaesthesia and suction was grossly suboptimal. Only one-sixth of the accident and emergency doctors surveyed had received training in the management of epistaxis, whilst 81 per cent of accident and emergency departments would admit nasally packed patients under the ENT team.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the majority of accident and emergency doctors claiming to attempt nasal cautery before packing, this is unlikely to be effective if performed without the correct equipment. Better training and equipment need to be provided to accident and emergency doctors in order to optimise the management of epistaxis patients. This could potentially reduce inappropriate admissions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Walsall Manor Hospital, UK. euchinho@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D002425:Cautery; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013630:Tampons, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013689:Telephone