title: Autonomic nervous symptoms in primary Sjogren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Objective signs of autonomic dysfunction (AD) have been reported in patients with primary SS (pSS) while the presence of associated symptoms has not been systematically studied. Therefore, the aims of this study were (i) to assess the presence and severity of various AD symptoms in pSS patients and (ii) to relate AD symptoms to other clinical features of pSS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight pSS patients and 200 population-based controls were studied for presence and severity of AD symptoms using the Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP), a validated self-completed questionnaire evaluating various AD symptoms. In addition, patients were investigated by three different objective autonomic nervous function tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pSS patients scored significantly higher in the parasympathetic [secretomotor disorder, urinary disorder, gastroparesis (females only) and pupillomotor disorder] as well as sympathetic (orthostatic intolerance and vasomotor disorder) ASP domains compared with controls. Consequently, the standardized ASP total score was significantly increased in pSS patients [1.77 (0.57, 3.15) vs - 0.21 (-0.82, 0.72); P = 0.00] and 45% of pSS patients had an ASP total score >/=2 s.d. Furthermore, the autonomic nervous function tests showed signs of objective parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction as well. However, the ASP domain and total scores showed limited associations with the objective autonomic nervous function test parameters as well as clinical and serological factors of pSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pSS patients showed subjective and objective signs of both a parasympathetic and a sympathetic dysfunction. However, AD symptoms showed limited associations with objective autonomic nervous function as well as other clinical features of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Ing 25 plan 2, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. thomas.mandl@med.lu.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mandl
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Granberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Apelqvist
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wollmer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manthorpe
authors.forename: L T H
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D014661:Vasoconstriction