title: SNX9 regulates tubular invagination of the plasma membrane through interaction with actin cytoskeleton and dynamin 2.
abstract: Dynamic membrane remodeling during intracellular trafficking is controlled by the intricate interplay between lipids and proteins. BAR domains are modules that participate in endocytic processes by binding and deforming the lipid bilayer. Sorting nexin 9 (SNX9), which functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, contains a BAR domain, however, the properties of this domain are not well understood. Here we show that SNX9 shares many properties with other BAR domain-containing proteins, such as amphiphysin and endophilin. SNX9 is able to deform the plasma membrane, as well as liposomes, into narrow tubules and recruit N-WASP and dynamin 2 to these tubules via its SH3 domain. SNX9-induced tubulation is antagonized by N-WASP and dynamin 2 while it is enhanced by perturbation of actin dynamics. However, SNX9 also has several unique properties. The tubulating activity requires the BAR and PX domains, as well as the low-complexity (LC) domain, which binds the Arp2/3 complex. SNX9 also binds to PtdIns(4)P-5-kinases via its PX domain and its tubulating activity is regulated by phosphoinositides. In addition, the kinase activity of PtdIns(4)P-5-kinases is stimulated by interaction with SNX9, suggesting a positive feedback interaction between SNX9 and PtdIns(4)P-5-kinases. These results suggest that SNX9 functions in the coordination of membrane remodeling and fission via interactions with actin-regulating proteins, endocytic proteins and PtdIns(4,5)P2-metabolizing enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea.
authors.forename: Narae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Namhui
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Belle
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang-Ileto
authors.forename: Joohyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Sang-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Soo-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Paolo
authors.forename: Sunghoe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D034285:Dynamin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D058305:Sorting Nexins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017931:DNA Primers; C400533:SNX9 protein, human; D058305:Sorting Nexins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D034285:Dynamin II