title: Concomitant calcium entry blockade and inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system: a rational and effective means for treating hypertension.
abstract: Pharmacological treatment of hypertension is effective in preventing cardiovascular and renal complications. Calcium antagonists (CAs) and blockers of the renin-angiotensin system [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists (ARBs)] are widely used today to initiate antihypertensive treatment but, when given as monotherapy, do not suffice in most patients to normalise blood pressure (BP). Combining a CA and either an ACE-inhibitor or an ARB considerably increases the antihypertensive efficacy, but not at the expense of a deterioration of tolerability. Several fixed-dose combinations are available (CA + ACE-inhibitors: amlodipine + benazepril, felodipine + ramipril, verapamil + trandolapril; CA + ARB: amlodipine + valsartan). They are expected not only to improve BP control, but also to facilitate long-term adherence with antihypertensive therapy, thereby providing maximal protection against the cardiovascular and renal damage caused by high BP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pathophysiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gojanovic
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feihl
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liaudet
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waeber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001262:Atenolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; C052035:trandolapril; D001262:Atenolol; D014700:Verapamil