title: Feasibility of diode-array instruments to carry near-infrared spectroscopy from laboratory to feed process control.
abstract: Near-infrared calibrations were developed for the instantaneous prediction of the chemical and ingredient composition of intact compound feeds. Two rather different instruments were compared (diode array vs grating monochromator). The grating monochromator was used in a static mode in the laboratory, whereas the diode-array instrumentbetter adapted to online analysiswas placed on a conveyor belt to simulate measurements at a feed mill plant. Modified partial least squares (MPLS) equations were developed using the same set of samples analyzed in the two instruments. Sample set 1 ( N = 398) was used to predict crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF), while sample set 2 ( N = 393) was used for the prediction of one macroingredient (sunflower meal, SFM) and one microingredient (mineral-vitamin premix, MVP). The standard error of cross-validation (SECV) and the coefficient of determination (R2) values for CF were better using the monochromator instrument. However, results obtained for CP, SFM, and MVP using the samples analyzed in the diode-array instrument showed similar or even greater accuracy than those obtained using samples analyzed in the grating monochromator. The excellent predictive ability [R2> 0.95; RPD (ratio of standard deviation to SECV) > 3] obtained for CP, CF, and SFM opens the way for the online use of NIRS diode-array instruments for surveillance and monitoring in the manufacture, processing, and marketing of compound feeds. R2, RPD, and SECV values for MVP showed similar performance for both instruments. Although RPD values did not reach the minimum recommended for quantitative analysis, results are encouraging for an ingredient present in feed compounds in such very low amounts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, N-IV, Km. 396, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Producción Animal, 14014, Córdoba, Spain. g82feahe@uco.es
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ahumada
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido-Varo
authors.forename: José Emilio
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Ginel
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D002138:Calibration; D005511:Food Handling; D007753:Laboratories; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D009862:Online Systems; D011786:Quality Control; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*