title: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome denotes a common cluster of naturally connected risk factors including obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, proinflammatory state and prothrombotic state. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is an acute ischaemic disorder of the optic nerve head and may lead to severe visual loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  We considered three patients with moderate degree of diabetic retinopathy and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. They were submitted to endocrinological examination and the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiological examination revealed that blood pressure control was not optimal. The signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction were confirmed by echocardiography. They are possible markers of preclinical cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed that a variety of well-known risk factors in metabolic syndrome may be involved in serious eye and cardiological complications. The early diagnosis and treatment of these patients can not only improve visual function but also prevent cardiovascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, Belgrade, Serbia. ljubajak@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Natalija
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosanovic-Jakovic
authors.forename: Branislava
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanovic
authors.forename: Svetislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milenkovic
authors.forename: Dusica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Risovic
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radosavljevic
authors.forename: Dijana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Risimic
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Resan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity