title: Disaster mental health workers responding to Ground Zero: one year later.
abstract: The current study examined anniversary reactions in mental health disaster relief workers following traumatic exposure at the site of the World Trade Center terrorist attacks. Despite relatively low levels of symptom reporting, workers endorsed an increase in both negative mood symptoms and functional impairment at the one-year anniversary of their traumatic exposure (compared to 6 months postexposure). For those individuals who met at least partial criteria for PTSD immediately following exposure, overall self-reported PTSD symptoms tended to increase from 6 to 12 months. This tendency resulted specifically from an increase in hyperarousal symptoms. Although few endorsed symptoms at clinical levels, our results demonstrate that disaster relief workers may experience an increase in symptomatology at the anniversary of their traumatic exposure.
authors.affiliation: VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA. erin.daly@va.gov
authors.forename: Erin Scott
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Suzy Bird
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.forename: Rose T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zimering
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Barbara W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kamholz
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Morissette
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012066:Relief Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018635:Rescue Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology