title: Considerations before repair of acquired rectourethral and urethrovaginal fistulas in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acquired rectourethral or urethrovaginal fistula between the rectum or vaginal and lower urinary tract is an uncommon entity, which occurs as a consequence of pelvic disorder, including trauma, iatrogenic injury, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic neoplasm or infection. But when is it appropriate to repair the fistula and what methods to be chosen? There has been no consensus on them. This study was undertaken to determine the timing of the procedure and the repair of rectourethral and urethrovaginal fistula.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2006, we treated 19 children with rectourethral or urethrovaginal fistula, including rectourethral fistula in 15 boys and urethrovaginal fistula in 4 girls. The mean age of the patients was 6.2 years (range, 8 months to 11.5 years). The fistula occurred after pelvic fracture in 10 patients, and after iatrogenic injury in 9 including 4 after radical operation for Hirschsprung's disease and 5 due to anorectal malformation. Preoperatively, the general and local infections were controlled thoroughly, and complications such as urethral stricture and secondary megacolon were treated at first. At least 6 months after the last procedure, all patients underwent the 1-stage York-Mason procedure (via parasacrococcygeal incision) without colostomy and suprapubic cystostomy. Intraoperatively, the entire fistulous tract was excised completely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection and partial dehiscence of the wound occurred in 2 patients respectively. All fistulae were closed successfully without fecal incontinence or postoperative anal stricture. No patient suffered from urinary incontinence after fistula repair. The scars around the fistula were removed because they would shrink and lead to subsequent urethral occlusion or stricture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The timing of operation for acquired rectourethral or urethrovaginal fistula is appropriate at least 6 months after the last procedure. The 1-stage York-Mason procedure for the repair of the fistula is feasible and effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China. liuguochang2004@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Guo-Chang
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ying-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Li-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhong-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014624:Vaginal Fistula / Q000601:surgery*