Countdown to 2015 for maternal, newborn, and child survival: the 2008 report on tracking coverage of interventions.
BACKGROUND
The Countdown to 2015 for Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival initiative monitors coverage of priority interventions to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for reduction of maternal and child mortality. We aimed to report on 68 countries which have 97% of maternal and child deaths worldwide, and on 22 interventions that have been proven to improve maternal, newborn, and child survival.


METHODS
We selected countries with high rates of maternal and child deaths, and interventions with the most potential to avert such deaths. We analysed country-specific data for maternal and child mortality and coverage of selected interventions. We also tracked cause-of-death profiles; indicators of nutritional status; the presence of supportive policies; financial flows to maternal, newborn, and child health; and equity in coverage of interventions.


RESULTS
Of the 68 priority countries, 16 were on track to meet MDG 4. Of these, seven had been on track in 2005 when the Countdown initiative was launched, three (including China) moved into the on-track category in 2008, and six were included in the Countdown process for the first time in 2008. Trends in maternal mortality that would indicate progress towards MDG 5 were not available, but in most (56 of 68) countries, maternal mortality was high or very high. Coverage of different interventions varied widely both between and within countries. Interventions that can be routinely scheduled, such as immunisation and antenatal care, had much higher coverage than those that rely on functional health systems and 24-hour availability of clinical services, such as skilled or emergency care at birth and care of ill newborn babies and children. Data for postnatal care were either unavailable or showed poor coverage in almost all 68 countries. The most rapid increases in coverage were seen for immunisation, which also received significant investment during this period.


CONCLUSIONS
Rapid progress is possible, but much more can and must be done. Focused efforts will be needed to improve coverage, especially for priorities such as contraceptive services, care in childbirth, postnatal care, and clinical case management of illnesses in newborn babies and children.
(Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, USA. jbrycedanby@aol.com
Bryce
Jennifer
J
Daelmans
Bernadette
B
Dwivedi
Archana
A
Fauveau
Vincent
V
Lawn
Joy E
JE
Mason
Elizabeth
E
Newby
Holly
H
Shankar
Anuraj
A
Starrs
Ann
A
Wardlaw
Tessa
T
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D046688:Child Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy