title: Intravertebral deformation in idiopathic scoliosis: a transverse plane computer tomographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The scoliotic vertebrae are submitted to (1) the displacement in the 3-dimensional space and (2) the bone remodeling, which results in a 3-dimensional intrinsic vertebral deformation. Both phenomena are most expressed inside the apical zone of the curve and can be measured in a computer tomographic (CT) scan. A comparative study of CT thoracic scans in scoliotic and normal children was performed to provide a better description of the altered anatomy with respect to patomechanism of scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three scoliotic girls, aged 14.3 +/- 2.1 years, a case of a right thoracic curve with a Cobb angle of 60.6 +/- 19.3 degrees, and 24 controls, free of spinal deformity, sex- and age-matched, underwent CT examination of the thorax at the level of Th8 to Th9 vertebra. The rotation angle of the apical vertebra and the sagittal to coronal rib cage diameters ratio were measured. The intravertebral deformation was assessed by measuring the angles between the axis of the whole vertebra and the axes of the spinous or transverse processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of sagittal to coronal chest diameter was reduced in scoliosis patients (P < 0.001) and correlated with the Cobb angle. The angle between the axis of vertebra and the spinous process increased (P = 0.008), and its value was positively correlated with the rotation angle of the vertebra (r = 0.78, P < 0.05); however, the rotation was oriented clockwise, whereas the spinous process deviation was counterclockwise. The angle between the spinous and the transverse process revealed greater values on the concave side (P < 0.001), whereas the transverse processes were not deviated from the axis of vertebra (P = 0.469).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A constant pattern, previously not described, of the alteration of morphology of the apical vertebra due to the intravertebral bone remodeling was identified. The intravertebral deformation accompanied the displacement of the vertebra with a linear correlation; however, the 2 phenomena were developing in the opposite directions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Level III, cross-sectional study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Medical Sciences, ul. 28 Czerwca 1956 roku nr 135, Poznan, Poland. kotwicki@amp.edu.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotwicki
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napiontek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*