[Beta-blockers and electroconvulsive therapy: a review].
BACKGROUND
When patients with cardiovascular disorders undergo electroconvulsive therapy (ect) they sometimes have to be treated for tachycardia and high blood pressure.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the effects of beta-blockers on seizure duration and cardiovascular variables in patients undergoing ect.


METHODS
Search for studies in Medline, with the keywords 'beta-adrenergic blocking agents' and 'electroconvulsive therapy'. Only articles based on randomised placebo-controlled investigations were included. results The search strategy produced 21 articles. These were assessed by all authors. Esmolol was the drug administered in most of the trials. Since seizure duration can influence the therapeutic effect of ect it is advisable to use bilateral electrode placement in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and to administer esmolol prior to seizure induction.


CONCLUSIONS
The beta-blocker of choice for use during ect seems to be esmolol; it can shorten seizure duration, although the effect is probably dose-dependent. Esmolol is also the drug of choice in ect sessions for patients without cardiovascular risk factors but who develop prolonged hypertension or tachycardia. A possible alternative is labetalol, but its longer half-life is a disadvantage, particularly if it is administered in a high dose. So far, experience with landiolol is limited, but its short half-life, greater cardioselectivity and higher potency mean that it could be a promising alternative.
van den Broek
W W
WW
afdeling Psychiatrie, Erasmus mc, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam. w.w.vandenbroek@erasmusmc.nl.
Groenland
T H N
TH
Mulder
P G H
PG
Kusuma
A
A
Birkenhäger
T K
TK
Pluijms
E M
EM
Bruijn
J A
JA
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol