title: Analysis of the functional relevance of a putative regulatory SNP of PDCD1, PD1.3, associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: This study aimed to test the functional effects of the PD1.3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs11568821), which were proposed based on its association to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility and in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) results. We analysed transcriptional effects of the PD1.3 locus by enhancer reporter assays. Results were against the hypothesis that the PD1.3 locus acts as enhancer in transcriptional regulation of PDCD1. In addition, they excluded a differential effect of the PD1.3 alleles. EMSA results confirmed that oligonucleotides with the PD1.3 G allele bind RUNX1 but not those with the A allele. However, binding to PD1.3 G oligonucleotides was much lower than binding to positive control oligonucleotides. Criss-cross experiments showed that this was due to flanking nucleotides in the PD1.3 sequence that negatively affect RUNX1 binding. These results cast doubts on the functional relevance of the PD1.3 SNP and, together with the lack of association in several studies, put into question its role as an SLE susceptibility factor. Investigation of other PDCD1 polymorphisms is needed to uncover the possible effect of this gene on SLE susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigacion 2 and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suarez-Gestal
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferreiros-Vidal
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gomez-Reino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008024:Ligands; D049410:Luciferases, Renilla / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D008024:Ligands; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; D049410:Luciferases, Renilla