title: Expression of CD24 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression patterns of CD24 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and to investigate its prognostic significance. CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule that has been thought to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis of various cancers. CD24 expression has previously been reported in RCC, although little is known about its prognostic significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We immunohistochemically analyzed CD24 expression using tissue microarray in 328 cases of CCRCC. The percentage of positively stained tumor cells was evaluated and classified into four categories: 0, 0%; 1+, 1% to 10%; 2+, 11% to 50%; and 3+, more than 50%. For statistical analysis, the cases were subdivided into a CD24-low-expression group (0 and 1+) and CD24-high-expression group (2+ and 3+).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High CD24 expression was significantly associated with a high nuclear grade (P = 0.005) and large tumor size (P = 0.04). The survival analysis revealed no significant association between CD24 expression and disease-specific survival (P = 0.141). However, the CD24-high-expression group had a significantly shortened progression-free survival (P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis also revealed that high CD24 expression was an independent covariate for poor progression-free survival (P = 0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We investigated CD24 expression in CCRCC and found that high CD24 expression was associated with high nuclear grade, large tumor size, and shortened progression-free survival. Although the biologic function of CD24 in CCRCC remains unknown, the expression of CD24 can provide new prognostic information about disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Il
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cheol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Ja Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Kyung Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051927:CD24 Antigen