title: Survey of faulty postures and associated factors among Chinese adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the prevalence of common faulty postures among adolescents and identify if significant relationships existed among the number of faulty postures, psychologic distress, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Chinese Health Questionnaire were randomly distributed to 300 high school students in the Tainan area. On-campus postural screening, which included digital photography, manual muscle tests, and flexibility tests, was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred eighty-seven participants completed all of the evaluations. The most common faulty posture was uneven shoulder level (36%), followed by forward head posture (25%). There was a sex difference between groups. The incidence of forward head posture for the male students was higher than that of the female students (P < .0001). In addition, the high psychologic distress group tended to have a higher prevalence of uneven shoulder height than that of the low psychologic distress group (P < .0001). As for the correlation analysis, the researchers did not find a high correlation among the scores of the faulty posture, psychologic distress, and musculoskeletal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that the incidence of faulty posture was high for the adolescent group, especially for the uneven shoulder level. Subjects' awareness about being assessed might decrease the incidence for some faulty posture. However, the relationships among the number of faulty postures, psychologic distress, and musculoskeletal symptoms were low. We suggest that there are multiple factors that might contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms; faulty posture could be one important factor that causes symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Medical, College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. cycho@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chiung-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001415:Back; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008141:Lordosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011187:Posture; D015995:Prevalence; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012782:Shoulder; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires