title: Functional evaluation of polymorphisms in the human ABCB1 gene and the impact on clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ABCB1 haplotype combinations have been demonstrated to be associated with epilepsy treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ABCB1 haplotype combinations would affect P-glycoprotein (Pgp) function and impact the clinical responses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transport of substrate rhodamine 123 and calcein-AM by human Pgp carrying 12 haplotype combinations of 1236C>T, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T were assayed in the absence and presence of known inhibitors and AEDs. The inhibitory potency of the tested drugs from the dose-response relationships was cyclosporin A>verapamil> phenytoin> carbamazepine> lamotrigine>phenobarbital>valproic acid, levetiracetam, gabapentin. The silent polymorphisms combination (1236T-3435T) and triple haplotypes (1236T-2677A/T-3435T) resulted in profoundly less effective inhibition against substrates with significantly lower intracellular substrate concentration. These results confirmed that ABCB1 polymorphisms were associated with clinical responses of AEDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated that human ABCB1 polymorphisms may alter the interactions between Pgp and substrates, and provided functional evidence for ABCB1 haplotypes-associated epilepsy treatment responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chih-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Horng-Huei
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Liou
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C085925:calcein AM; D020112:Rhodamine 123