title: Fulvestrant (Faslodex), an estrogen selective receptor downregulator, in therapy of women with systemic lupus erythematosus. clinical, serologic, bone density, and T cell activation marker studies: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogen plays a role in the activation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in upregulating intracellular signals by binding to the estrogen receptor(s). Fulvestrant (Faslodex, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA), an estrogen selective receptor downregulator, competes for receptor binding in vitro and inhibits estrogen action in target cells. We evaluated the efficacy, side effects, and expression of T cell activation markers, following the administration of fulvestrant or placebo to premenopausal patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty women with moderate SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; 7.87 +/- 3.7) were enrolled. They were premenopausal with regular menstrual cycles and not taking exogenous hormones. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. Ten patients received 250 mg fulvestrant intramuscularly for 12 months, and 10 received the placebo. All were observed monthly and 3 months after final fulvestrant/placebo injection. Measures studied were monthly SLEDAI scores, routine and serologic markers for lupus, and serum concentrations of estrogen and fulvestrant. Expression of T cell calcineurin and CD154 mRNA in peripheral T cells was measured by polymerase chain reaction. Medications the patients were taking were recorded each visit. Bone density was obtained at baseline and at visit 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients completed the 15-month study, 8 from each group. SLEDAI improved significantly in the fulvestrant group at both 12 months (p = 0.02) and 15 months (p = 0.002), but serologic markers, routine laboratory tests, and bone density did not. Serum estrogen levels were higher in the fulvestrant group and dropped when fulvestrant was discontinued; these differences were not statistically significant. Medications for therapy of lupus to the fulvestrant group were reduced, whereas the placebo group medications were unchanged or increased. Comparison of relative values at individual timepoints revealed significantly lower median values for the T cell activation markers CD154 (p < 0.001) and calcineurin (p = 0.013) in the fulvestrant arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blocking estrogen receptors in vivo by an estrogen selective receptor downregulator could be considered as a new and relatively safe therapeutic approach in the management of SLE patients with moderately active disease for the 1-year study period.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Rheumatic Disease, Allergy-Immunology, St. Luke's Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA. niabdou@centerforrheumatic.com
authors.forename: Nabih I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Abdou
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greenwell
authors.forename: Xiaolan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bruce F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Kimler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D004958:Estradiol; D019703:Calcineurin