title: Intake of fruit, vegetables, and fruit juices and risk of diabetes in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake and development of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 71,346 female nurses aged 38-63 years who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes in 1984 were followed for 18 years, and dietary information was collected using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire every 4 years. Diagnosis of diabetes was self-reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 4,529 cases of diabetes were documented, and the cumulative incidence of diabetes was 7.4%. An increase of three servings/day in total fruit and vegetable consumption was not associated with development of diabetes (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio 0.99 [95% CI 0.94-1.05]), whereas the same increase in whole fruit consumption was associated with a lower hazard of diabetes (0.82 [0.72-0.94]). An increase of 1 serving/day in green leafy vegetable consumption was associated with a modestly lower hazard of diabetes (0.91 [0.84-0.98]), whereas the same change in fruit juice intake was associated with an increased hazard of diabetes (1.18 [1.10-1.26]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit was associated with a lower hazard of diabetes, whereas consumption of fruit juices may be associated with an increased hazard among women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. lbazzano@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bazzano
authors.forename: Tricia Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kamudi J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Joshipura
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009726:Nurses; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014675:Vegetables