title: Propofol pretreatment attenuates LPS-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in cultured hepatocytes by suppressing MAPK/ERK activity and NF-kappaB translocation.
abstract: Propofol (PPF), a widely used intravenous anesthetic for induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgeries, was found to possess suppressive effect on host immunity. This study aimed at investigating whether PPF plays a modulatory role in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine expression in a cell line of rat hepatocytes. Morphological observation and viability assay showed that PPF exhibits no cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 300 microM after 48 h incubation. Pretreatment with 100 microM PPF for 24 h prior to LPS stimulation was performed to investigate the modulatory effect on LPS-induced inflammatory gene production. The results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that PPF pretreatment significantly suppressed the LPS-induced toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, CD14, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene expression. Western blotting analysis showed that PPF pretreatment potentiated the LPS-induced TLR-4 downregulation. Flow cytometrical analysis revealed that PPF pretreatment showed no modulatory effect on the LPS-upregulated CD14 expression on hepatocytes. In addition, PPF pretreatment attenuated the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) and IkappaBalpha, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB primed by LPS. Moreover, addition of PD98059, a MAPK kinase inhibitor, significantly suppressed the LPS-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and GM-CSF production, suggesting that the PPF-attenuated GM-CSF production in hepatocytes may be attributed to its suppressive effect on MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, PPF as an anesthetic may clinically benefit those patients who are vulnerable to sepsis by alleviating sepsis-related inflammatory response in livers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 833, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jawan
authors.forename: Ying-Hsien
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Mei-Chun
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yu-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Li-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Chia-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Cheuk-Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Hock-Liew
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Chih-Shien
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chia-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chung-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chao-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015742:Propofol