title: Pseudoamniotic band syndrome: a rare complication of monochorionic twins with fetofetal transfusion syndrome treated by laser coagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of limb constriction defects that are related to pseudoamniotic band syndrome (PABS) after selective fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) in fetofetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive cases of FFTS that were treated by selective FLS between 1999 and 2006 were examined prospectively for PABS at the time of delivery. Incidence and characteristics of PABS were reported. Univariate analysis was conducted to look for potential risk factors of developing PABS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 438 consecutive FFTS cases were treated at 15-26 weeks of gestation; PABS developed in 8 cases (1.8 %). The affected twin was always the former recipient. The diagnosis was made prenatally in 2 of 8 cases (25%). All cases survived the perinatal period. PABS affected fetal leg, arm, and foot in 3, 4, and 1 cases, respectively. In 5 (62.5%) and 7 (87.5%) cases, PABS occurred after premature rupture of membranes and intrauterine death of the donor, respectively. In 4 cases (50%), there was both premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and intrauterine fetal death; in 3 cases (37.5%), there was intrauterine fetal death alone, and in 1 case (12.5%), there was PROM alone. In the remaining 430 cases, PROM occurred in 62 cases (14.4%) and 66 cases (15.3%) within and after 3 weeks after surgery, respectively. PROM was significantly more frequent within the group that was complicated with PABS than within the rest of the cohort (P = .05). No maternal, fetal, or perioperative risk factor could be identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Awareness and targeted serial ultrasound evaluation in this high-risk group may improve prenatal diagnosis, counseling, and management of PABS after FLS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université Paris-Ouest Versailles-St. Quentin, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Poissy-St. Germain, Poissy, France.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: Laurent J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essaoui
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: Jean Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ville
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000473:pathology*; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000150:complications*; D005332:Fetoscopy; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome