title: Use of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs: four cases (2006-2007).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and evaluate the outcome of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ureteral ectopia in male dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 incontinent male dogs with intramural ureteral ectopia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intramural ectopic ureters were diagnosed via preoperative computed tomography-IV urography and subsequent cystoscopy. Transurethral cystoscopic-guided laser ablation (diode laser [n = 3 dogs] and holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser [1]) was performed to proximally relocate the ectopic ureteral orifice to the urinary bladder. Fluoroscopy was used during the procedures to confirm that the ureteral tract was intramural and the ureteral orifice was intravesicular after the procedure. In 1 dog with bilateral ureteral ectopia, staged laser ablation was performed at 6-week intervals because of difficulty viewing the second ureter on the first attempt. All ureteral orifices were initially located in the middle to proximal portion of the prostatic portion of the urethra. Six weeks after surgery, imaging was repeated in 3 of 4 dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative dysuria or hematuria did not develop. All dogs were immediately continent after laser treatment and remained so at a median follow-up period of 18 months (range, 15 to 20 months) without medical management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteral ectopia can cause urinary incontinence in male dogs and is usually associated with other urinary tract abnormalities. Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation provided an effective and minimally invasive alternative to surgical management of intramural ureteral ectopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: Allyson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: Philipp D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Porat-Mosenco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*