title: Mutation in a novel connexin-like gene (Gjf1) in the mouse affects early lens development and causes a variable small-eye phenotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was the characterization of the novel small-eye mutant Aey12 in the mouse.
  
  
  METHODS
  The eyes of the mutants were described morphologically and histologically and by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The homozygotes were viable and fully fertile, which identifies Aey12 as a new microphthalmia phenotype in the mouse, different from Maf or Pax6 mutants. Histologic analysis indicated the presence of the lens vesicle; however, the primary fiber cells did not elongate properly. Genome-wide linkage analysis mapped the mutation to the proximal region of chromosome 10 between the markers D10Mit206 and D10Mit189. Among the positional candidate genes, one EST (expressed sequence tag), D230044M03Rik, encodes a connexin-like protein. A G-->T point mutation was identified at cDNA position 96, resulting in an R32Q amino acid exchange in a transmembrane domain. The mutation leads to a loss of an SsiI restriction site, which is present in five wild-type mouse strains (102, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA, and JF1). The gene is expressed in the posterior part of the lens vesicle, where the primary fiber elongation starts. In the mutants, the expression pattern of Pax6, Prox1, Six3, and Crygd are modified, but not the pattern of Pax2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mutated mouse gene belongs to the family of connexin-encoding genes (gene symbols Gja-Gje). Together with its rat and human homologues, it defines a new subgroup, referred to as Gjf1. The mouse mutant described herein offers a new functional candidate gene for microphthalmia-related disorders at the corresponding locus on human chromosome 6, area q24.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Puk
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Löster
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalke
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soewarto
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nürnberg
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Martin Hrabé
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Angelis
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005260:Female; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008850:Microphthalmos / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins