title: Clinical assessment of the cancer diagnostic value of prostatic zinc: a comprehensive needle-biopsy study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The correlation between Zinc concentration in the prostate's peripheral zone to the onset or presence of malignant process needs to be evaluated in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zinc concentration was measured in approximately 1-4 mm3 segments of fresh needle-biopsy cores, with X-ray fluorescence, and correlated with the histological findings of these tissue segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local Zinc concentration is correlated with the presence of cancer (PCa); the higher the Gleason score the greater the Local Zinc depletion. The Zinc value averaged over the entire extracted tissue is specific only to Gleason score 8-9 PCa. The results refer to patients avoiding Zinc-rich supplements since those show elevated prostatic Zinc concentration in identified cancer tissue. A computer simulation analysis of randomly located 0.03-3.3 cm3 lesions, with particular Gleason score and the measured Local Zinc concentration, revealed a potential diagnostic approach definitely superior to PSA, with sensitivity to the tumor grade and with excellent detection capability for Gleason score >6. Further clinical studies have been designed, both on full prostates after radical prostatectomy as well as on biopsy cores at higher resolution, to establish the accuracy of the method for Gleason score = 6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCa diagnostic potential of Local Zinc concentration is confirmed and there is indication that the amount of Zinc depletion could be used as a measure of the Gleason score of the tumor. Local Zinc concentration mapping has the potential to improve patient selection for biopsy, biopsy site selection and local therapy (e.g., Cryotherapy, Brachytherapy) site selection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortesi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volkov
authors.forename: S Sh
authors.initials: SSh
authors.lastname: Shilstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chechik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breskin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vartsky
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kogan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moriel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gladysh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huszar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raviv
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc