title: First isolation of West Nile virus in the Caribbean.
abstract: A sentinel chicken program for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance was initiated in July 2006 in eastern Puerto Rico, yielding the first seroconversions on June 4, 2007. WNV was isolated from sentinel chicken serum and mosquito pools (Culex nigripalpus, Culex bahamensis) for the first time in Tropical America. Preliminary sequence analysis of the prM and E genes revealed a 1-amino acid difference (V159A) between the Puerto Rican 2007 and the NY99. This mutation has been observed in the current dominant clade circulating in the United States. Sentinel chicken surveillance was a useful tool for the detection of West Nile virus in the tropics.
authors.affiliation: Dengue Branch, DVBID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1324 Calle Cañada, San Juan, Puerto Rico. rbarrera@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hunsperger
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Jordán
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amador
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kovi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bessoff
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beltran
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vergne
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verduin
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Wellington
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D017691:Caribbean Region; D002645:Chickens / Q000821:virology; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology; D017753:Ecosystem; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011647:Puerto Rico; D014329:Tropical Climate; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins