title: BIM and other BCL-2 family proteins exhibit cross-species conservation of function between zebrafish and mammals.
abstract: Here we investigate the function of zebrafish Bcl-2 family proteins and demonstrate important conservation of function across zebrafish and mammalian systems. We have isolated a zebrafish ortholog of mammalian BIM and show that it is the most toxic of the zebrafish BH3-only genes examined, sharing this characteristic with the mammalian BIM gene. The zebrafish bad gene shows a complete lack of embryonic lethality, but like mammalian BAD, its pro-apoptotic activity is regulated through phosphorylation of critical serines. We also found that the pattern of mitochondrial dysfunction observed by zebrafish BH3 domain peptides in a mammalian cytochrome c release assay recapitulates the pattern of embryonic lethality induced by the respective mRNA injections in vivo. In contrast to zebrafish Bim, Bid exhibited only weak binding to zebrafish Bcl-2 and moderate-to-weak overall lethality in zebrafish embryos and isolated mitochondria. Given that zebrafish Bcl-2 binds strongly to mammalian BID and BIM peptides and proteins, the protein identified as the zebrafish Bid ortholog has different properties than mammalian BID. Overall, our results demonstrate the high degree of functional conservation between zebrafish and mammalian Bcl-2 family proteins, thus validating the zebrafish as a model system to further dissect the molecular mechanisms that regulate apoptosis in future forward genetic and chemical modifier screens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jette
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Pyati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carbonneau
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Langenau
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Letai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D002460:Cell Line; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C494818:badb protein, zebrafish; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C530279:bcl2l11 protein, zebrafish; D012694:Serine