title: Vitellogenin functions as a multivalent pattern recognition receptor with an opsonic activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitellogenin (Vg), a major reproductive protein, has been associated with infection-resistant response in fish. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Vg is involved in anti-infectious response are not understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By both protein-microbe interaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as phagocytosis test, we demonstrate for the first time that fish Vg acts as a pattern recognition molecule with multiple specificities that can recognize bacteria as well as fungus rather than self components from fish, and functions as an opsonin that can enhance macrophage phagocytosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that fish Vg plays an integrative function in regulating immunity via its pleiotropic effects on both recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and promoting macrophage phagocytosis. It also supports the notion that factors normally involved in control of female reproduction are associated with immunity in organisms that rely on Vg for oocyte development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhaojie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shicui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qinghui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008024:Ligands; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010843:Pichia / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D014819:Vitellogenins