title: Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relation between quality of dietary carbohydrate intake, as measured by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 1-y observational study, data were collected at baseline and at each quarter thereafter. GI and GL were calculated from multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs), 3 randomly selected 24HRs at every quarter, with up to 15 24HRs per participant. The hs-CRP was measured in blood samples collected at baseline and each of the four quarterly measurement points. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of GI, GL, and hs-CRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 582 adult men and women with at least two measurements of diet and hs-CRP, average daily GI score (white bread = 100) was 85 and average GL was 198, and average hs-CRP was 1.84 mg/L. Overall, there was no association between GI or GL and hs-CRP. Subgroup analyses revealed an inverse association between GL and hs-CRP among obese individuals (body mass index > or =30 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quality of dietary carbohydrates does not appear to be associated with serum hs-CRP levels. Among obese individuals, higher dietary GL appears to be related to lower hs-CRP levels. Due to the limited number of studies on this topic and their conflicting results, further investigation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Yunsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chasan-Taber
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Olendzki
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Chiriboga
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Stanek
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: Ira S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ockene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D002097:C-Reactive Protein