title: Effects of 4-tert-Octylphenol on the incubation of eggs in Japanese brown frogs (Rana japonica).
abstract: 4-tert-Octylphenol (OP), is an endocrine disruptor or surfactant widely used in herbicides. Its effects (0, 1 and 10 mg/l) on the incubation of eggs were examined using wild Japanese brown frogs (Rana japonica). In 10 mg/l OP, all the eggs were corrupted and no eggs developed. In 1 mg/l OP, 9.8% eggs developed and systemic edema, malformations such as crooked vertebrae and atrophy of the systemic muscles were observed in all the surviving tadpoles. These results suggested that OP use in paddy fields may affect the survival rate of wild frogs and induce malformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan. kawa@m3.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umekita
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souda
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011898:Ranidae; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C105260:4-tert-octylphenol