title: Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of three potentially anti-inflammatory probiotic bacteria from three different genera on immune variables in healthy adults in a clinical setting based on previous in vitro characterization of cytokine responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 volunteers participated in this randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled parallel group intervention study. The volunteers were randomized to receive a milk-based drink containing either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (Bb12), or Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS (PJS) or a placebo drink for 3 wk. Venous blood and saliva samples were taken at baseline and on d 1, 7 and 21. Fecal samples were collected at baseline and at the end of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum hsCRP expressed as the median AUC(0-21) (minus baseline) was 0.018 mg/L in the placebo group, -0.240 mg/L in the LGG group, 0.090 mg/L in the Bb12 group and -0.085 mg/L in the PJS group (P = 0.014). In vitro production of TNF-alpha from in vitro cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was significantly lower in subjects receiving LGG vs placebo. IL-2 production from PBMC in the Bb12 group was significantly lower compared with the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, probiotic bacteria have strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults.
authors.affiliation: University of Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, PO Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Riina-A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kekkonen
authors.forename: Netta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lummela
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karjalainen
authors.forename: Sinikka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Latvala
authors.forename: Soile
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tynkkynen
authors.forename: Salme
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jarvenpaa
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Julkunen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vapaatalo
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Korpela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000378:metabolism; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D010919:Placebos; D002097:C-Reactive Protein