title: Clinical results and surgical technique for the treatment of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations: the minimally invasive microscopically assisted percutaneous approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Operative techniques for the treatment of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations (ELLDH) have ranged from an interlaminar approach with subtotal or total facetectomy to an enlarged midline approach and various paraspinal lateral, as well as endoscopic approaches. In contrast to purely endoscopic techniques, use of a working tube together with an operative microscope ("minimally invasive microscopically assisted percutaneous approach") combines the advantages of three-dimensional visual control with the minimal surgical trauma of an endoscopic approach. We present this technique and the clinical results in patients with extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation (ELLDH).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case series we analyzed the data of 73 consecutive patients with a disc herniation within or lateral to the intervertebral foramen. All of them were operated on using the surgical microscope after blunt dilatation of the paraspinal muscles and insertion of a tubular retractor system (METRx, Medtronic Sofamor Danek). Fifty-nine patients were included in the follow-up study. Follow-up ranged from 10 to 47 months (mean 30.4) and was evaluated after telephone inquiry by the co-author using the modified MacNab criteria .
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results with respect to improvement of preoperative symptoms were excellent in 23 patients (39%), good in 25 patients (42.4%), fair in 8 patients (13.5%) and poor in 3 patients (5.1%). Twenty-four patients had still been working prior to surgery, and 20 returned to work after 4-8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paraspinal approach for extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations using the minimally invasive microscopically assisted percutaneous technique is reasonable and safe and thus a good alternative to open surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Privatklinik Villach, Villach, Austria. dr.vogelsang@aon.at
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014937:Work