title: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease in Japan: part of the nationwide rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis survey in Japan.
abstract: Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease is a rare, but well characterized cause of glomerulonephritis. It is defined by the presence of autoantibodies directed at specific antigenic targets within the glomerular basement membrane. This pattern of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage is often referred to as Goodpasture's syndrome. The prognosis for patients with anti-GBM antibody disease is poor. In Japan, to improve the prognosis of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), we conducted a nationwide survey of patients with RPGN and investigated the initial symptoms, laboratory findings including renal biopsy findings, treatment methods, and outcomes. Among patients with RPGN, patients with anti-GBM antibody disease were rare: 6.6% (47/715). Alveolar hemorrhage (Goodpasture's syndrome) was observed in 23.4% of patients with anti-GBM antibody disease. Most patients with anti-GBM antibody disease had renal failure at the time of diagnosis. The mean serum creatinine level of patients with renal-limited anti-GBM antibody disease was 7.07 +/- 4.21 mg/dl and that of patients with Goodpasture's syndrome was 7.99 +/- 4.31 mg/dl. The mean level of crescent formation was 78.99 +/- 23.54% in patients with anti-GBM antibody disease, and a cellular crescent form was observed in 63.2% of those patients. The prognosis for patients with anti-GBM antibody disease is poor; the renal survival rate at 6 months after onset was 20.9%, and the mortality at 6 months after onset was 23.3%. To improve the prognosis for anti-GBM antibody disease, it may be necessary to detect this disease in the early stages and to treat it without delay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Kasumigaura Hospital, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan. k-hira@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Kasumigaura Hospital, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Ibaraki Prefectural University for Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ohaza Ami, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0394, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D019867:Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D011379:Prognosis