title: Oxidative and nitrative stress in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters: an indirect effect after praziquantel treatment.
abstract: Praziquantel causes adverse effects after short-term treatment. To examine the mechanism of these effects, we studied the distribution of Opisthorchis viverrini antigens and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and antioxidant enzymes in O. viverrini-infected hamsters during short-term praziquantel treatment. Praziquantel-induced dispersion of parasite antigens produced a recruitment of inflammatory cells. NF-kappaB and iNOS mRNA expression was significantly elevated and associated with their immunoreactivity in the bile duct epithelium and inflammatory cells. Plasma nitrate, end products of nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde level increased significantly. Expression of mRNA for antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) also increased significantly, which suggests host defense against oxidative stress. These results suggest that short-term praziquantel treatment induces inflammation and resulting oxidative and nitrative stress through O. viverrini antigen release. Data in this study can be used as a basis to understand potential side effects of praziquantel treatment in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. psomec@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Somchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.forename: Suksanti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakobwong
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraku
authors.forename: Butsara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaewsamut
authors.forename: Somkid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dechakhamphu
authors.forename: Thidarut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boonmars
authors.forename: Paiboon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sithithaworn
authors.forename: Porntip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Puangrat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yongvanit
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005399:Fishes / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II