title: Staging saturation biopsy in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One option for the management of low-grade, low-stage prostate cancer is to delay or forego treatment unless evidence of an increased risk of disease progression exists. Accurate assessment of the disease extent and aggressiveness is necessary to determine the candidates for active surveillance (AS). Office-based saturation prostate biopsy (SB) provides more accurate staging than traditional biopsy; therefore, we studied its role in patients on an AS protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our database identified 52 men with prostate cancer treated with AS from July 2000 to May 2007. The records were reviewed to determine the role of SB in determining the need for definitive therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients had a median age of 69 years (range 51 to 83) and median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 5.1 ng/mL (range 0.5 to 47). Patients underwent subsequent staging 20-core SB a median of 9 months (range 1 to 20 months) after diagnosis. The disease of 20 patients (38%) was upstaged as defined by an increase in Gleason score or increased disease volume, leading to a recommendation for active treatment. Patients with disease upstaging had had significantly fewer cores taken at the initial diagnostic biopsy (11% with 20 cores or more compared with 55% with fewer than 20 cores, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SB might lead to a more accurate assessment of the extent and grade of disease in men with prostate cancer on an AS protocol than traditional biopsy. In our series, more than one half of patients who pursue an AS protocol delayed or avoided local therapy. No patient developed clinical metastasis, but long-term surveillance is required.
authors.affiliation: Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abouassaly
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen