title: Father-child transmission of antisocial behavior: the moderating role of father's presence in the home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate an environmental effect of being raised by an antisocial father and to test whether the transmission of antisocial behavior from father to child is moderated by the father's presence in the home.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community sample of male and female 11- and 17-year-old twins and their biological parents participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study was used. A series of hierarchical linear regression models was used to examine the relationship between father antisociality and his children's externalizing psychopathology and to determine whether the father's time spent in the home moderated this relationship. Models controlled for the child's sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant main effect of both father's antisociality and father's presence on the children's externalizing psychopathology was found: Children born to antisocial fathers evidenced higher rates of externalizing behavior, and children raised without their biological father in the home exhibited more externalizing behaviors. The interaction was also significant such that the association between father and child antisociality was stronger when the father was present for a longer period of the child's life. Furthermore, when fathers show high levels of antisociality, fathers' presence appears to have deleterious rather than beneficial effects on child behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results suggest the transmission of antisociality from father to child is at least partially environmentally moderated.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Blazei, Iacono, and McGue are with the Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Ryan W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Blazei
authors.affiliation: Drs. Blazei, Iacono, and McGue are with the Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.. Electronic address: wiacono@tfs.psych.umn.edu.
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.affiliation: Drs. Blazei, Iacono, and McGue are with the Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGUE
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010333:Paternal Deprivation; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012951:Socialization