title: Radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a UK institutional experience and review of published studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of radiotherapy to the prostate bed after radical prostatectomy is the subject of much debate. We carried out a retrospective analysis of all patients treated with either adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) or salvage radiotherapy (SRT) in a single UK cancer centre and compared outcomes with published studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients receiving radiotherapy at any time after a radical prostatectomy were identified and data collected. Patients were referred for ART because of positive surgical margins. SRT was carried out in patients with a detectable or rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) postoperatively. Patients received either 55 Gy in 20 fractions or 60-64 Gy in 30-32 fractions. All but eight patients were treated using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Both groups were combined for statistical analysis. Biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) was calculated and displayed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 40 patients received postoperative radiotherapy and had a 3-year overall BPFS of 64%. There was no significant difference in 3-year BPFS between ART and SRT (73% vs 61%, P=0.33). Univariate analysis showed that 3-year BPFS was significantly longer if the highest postoperative PSA was<0.5 ng/ml compared with> or =0.5 ng/ml (83% vs 47%, P=0.019), and if the Gleason grade was <7 compared with > or =7 (92% vs 49%, P=0.007). A PSA at diagnosis<10 ng/ml, positive surgical margins, absence of seminal vesicle involvement and neoadjuvant hormones were all associated with a trend towards improved BPFS. Patients with all of these factors had a 3-year BPFS of 91%. Multivariate analysis of the same parameters showed that only Gleason grade remained statistically significant (P=0.019).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this series are in line with published studies, and support the evidence that prostate bed radiotherapy may affect biochemical control in a proportion of patients at risk of relapse. It is not clear whether ART in patients at high risk of relapse or SRT on relapse is most effective.
authors.affiliation: Velindre Hospital, Cardiff, UK. emma.hudson@velindre-tr.wales.nhs.uk <emma.hudson@velindre-tr.wales.nhs.uk>
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kynaston
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Staffurth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lester
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D006113:United Kingdom