title: Cost-effectiveness of ritodrine and fenoterol for treatment of preterm labor in a low-middle-income country: a case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In countries with high income, tocolytic therapy with beta-mimetic agents is a cost-effective strategy compared to placebo. In our study, the cost-effectiveness of two beta-mimetic agents, ritodrine and fenoterol, used in the management of preterm labor was compared in the setting of a low-middle-income transitional country, Serbia & Montenegro.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case study was conducted at the Gynecology-Obstetrics Clinic, Clinical Center "Kragujevac," in Kragujevac, Serbia & Montenegro, between October 2004 and January 2006. In total, 235 pregnant patients with threatened preterm labor were enrolled, but 35 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 200 patients, 85 were given ritodrine, and 115 fenoterol. The perspective of Republic Institute for Health Insurance in Serbia was taken into account. Only direct costs were calculated; primary outcomes of the study were length of pregnancy (in weeks), time passed from the onset of uterine contractions to delivery (in weeks), and score on modified Flanagan's quality-of-life scale for chronic diseases, measured after discharge from hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prolongation of pregnancy was significantly longer in the fenoterol group (12.7 +/- 8.4 weeks) than in the ritodrine group (11.6 +/- 7.1 weeks). The mean duration of hospitalization was shorter in the fenoterol group (11.9 +/- 8.8 days) than in the ritodrine group (14.9 +/- 11.3 days). The treatment with fenoterol was less costly and more cost-effective than the treatment with ritodrine, but the difference in cost-effectiveness was not statistically significant. The cost of treatment per gained week of pregnancy prolongation was 3345.51 +/- 7668.04 CSD in the fenoterol group, and 4181.96 +/- 12,069.83 CSD in the ritodrine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed differences in treatment costs and duration of hospitalization per patient did not translate into significant differences in cost-effectiveness ratios, because of low costs of hospitalization and human labor in Serbian health system. Nevertheless, fenoterol treatment still has a tendency to be more cost-effective, and its lower acquisition cost is an advantage to this treatment option.
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia & Montenegro.
authors.forename: Mihajlo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakovljevic
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varjacic
authors.forename: Slobodan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jankovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D005280:Fenoterol / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D054548:Montenegro; D009313:National Health Programs; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012312:Ritodrine / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012923:Social Class; D015149:Tocolytic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D015149:Tocolytic Agents; D005280:Fenoterol; D012312:Ritodrine