title: Uro-genital bleeding in pre-menarcheal girls: dilemmas of child abuse.
abstract: Uro-genital bleeding in pre-menarcheal girls always raises concerns regarding child abuse. There are serious social issues involved; however, before labeling it as sexual abuse, all efforts must be made to rule out an organic pathology. We recently encountered two young girls of Afro-Caribbean origin who presented with vaginal bleeding with concerns from referring physicians about child/sexual abuse. On examination both had a rare condition of urethral prolapse. One of them underwent four-quadrant excision and the other was treated conservatively with urethral catherization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, BL4 0JR, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011391:Prolapse; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014621:Vagina