title: Abamectin, pymetrozine and azadirachtin sequence as a unique solution to control the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) infesting garden beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Egypt.
abstract: Field trails were conducted to determine the performance of three different sequences as a unique solution for the control of the leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) infesting garden beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during the two successive seasons of 2004 and 2005. Furthermore, during the evaluation period, the side effect against the ectoparasite Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was put into consideration. Meanwhile, the comparative evaluation of the pesticides alone showed that abamectin and azadirachtin were highly effective against Liriomyza trifolii, while carbosulfan, pymetrozine and thiamethoxam provided to be of a moderate effect. Moreover, carbosulfan showed harmful effect to the larvae of the ectoparasite Diglyphus isaea (Walker), while abamectin and azadirachtin gave a moderate effect. Thiamethoxam and the the detergent (Masrol 410) had slight effect in this respect. The highly effective sequence among the sequences was abamectin, pymetrozine and azadirachtin, against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), with slight harmful effect on Diglyphus isaea (Walker). However the sequence of azadirachtin, pymetrozine and abamectin had a moderate effect on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and exhibited a slight toxic effect on Diglyphus isaea (Walker). In contrast, the sequence of carbosulfan, thiamethoxam and pymetrozine was the least effective and represented a slight effect on Diglyphus isaea (Walker). From this study, it was concluded that abamectin, pymetrozine and azadirachtin sequence has proved to be a unique solution for the control of the leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) infesting garden beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Egypt.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Bacha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: A S A
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Massoud
authors.forename: A A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdel-Megeed
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: A K K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: A S T
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Barakat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004534:Egypt; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000469:parasitology*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; D014227:Triazines; C048324:abamectin; D007559:Ivermectin; C480311:pymetrozine; C010329:azadirachtin