title: Effect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have shown that proprioception training can reduce the risk of injuries in pivoting sports, but the mechanism is not clearly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the contributing effects of propioception on knee joint position sense among team handball players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two professional female handball teams were followed prospectively for the 2005-6 season. 20 players in the intervention team followed a prescribed proprioceptive training programme while 19 players in the control team did not have a specific propioceptive training programme. The coaches recorded all exposures of the individual players. The location and nature of injuries were recorded. Joint position sense (JPS) was measured by a goniometer on both knees in three angle intervals, testing each angle five times. Assessments were performed before and after the season by the same examiner for both teams. In the intervention team a third assessment was also performed during the season. Complete data were obtained for 15 subjects in the intervention team and 16 in the control team. Absolute error score, error of variation score and SEM were calculated and the results of the intervention and control teams were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proprioception sensory function of the players in the intervention team was significantly improved between the assessments made at the start and the end of the season (mean (SD) absolute error 9.78-8.21 degrees (7.19-6.08 degrees ) vs 3.61-4.04 degrees (3.71-3.20 degrees ), p<0.05). No improvement was seen in the sensory function in the control team between the start and the end of the season (mean (SD) absolute error 6.31-6.22 degrees (6.12-3.59 degrees ) vs 6.13-6.69 degrees (7.46-6.49 degrees ), p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to show that proprioception training improves the joint position sense in elite female handball players. This may explain the effect of neuromuscular training in reducing the injury rate.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. gergelypanics@gmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pánics
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tállay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavlik
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berkes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies