title: Melanogenesis inhibitory compounds from Saussureae Radix.
abstract: Ten compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble part of the MeOH extract of Saussureae Radix, with their effects on melanin production also evaluated in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines stimulated with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an elevator of cellular cAMP. The compounds were identified as aplotaxene (1), 1 beta-hydroxy arbusculin A (2), costunolide (3), dehydrocostuslactone (4), 11 beta,13-dihydrocostunolide (5), reynosin (6), heptadec-(9Z)-enoic acid (7), beta-sitosterol (8), linoleic acid methyl ester (9) and betulinic acid methyl ester (10). Compounds 2, 9 and 10 were identified from Saussureae Radix for the first time. Furthermore, compounds 2, 3 and 6 showed potent inhibitory effects on the IBMX-induced melanogenesis, in dose-dependent manners, with IC50 values of 11, 3 and 2.5 microg/mL, respectively. As a positive control, arbutin exhibited an IC50 value of 29 microg/mL.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Eun Hyang
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hee Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Joon Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Won-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Youngsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001104:Arbutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots; D030441:Saussurea / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007783:Lactones
chemical_list: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D001104:Arbutin; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D008543:Melanins; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C073076:arbusculin A; C002602:costunolide; D007783:Lactones; C016715:reynosin