Imaging techniques for identifying parathyroid tumors.
Recent advances in imaging techniques, including high-resolution sonography, parathyroid scintigraphy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, venography and venous sampling, arteriography, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, have made it possible consistently to identify parathyroid glands enlarged owing to adenoma formation, diffuse hyperplasia, or carcinoma. Whereas the routine use of these techniques in the previously unoperated patient with suspected hyperparathyroidism is debated, most experts would agree to their utility in patients with prior negative neck exploration in whom elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone persist.
Winzelberg
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Division of Nuclear Imaging, Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.