title: Assessment of estrogenic activity in Tunisian water and wastewater by E-screen assay.
abstract: Wastewater and surface water samples from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and three rivers in Tunisia were assayed for estrogenic activity using the E-screen assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that all the Tunisian raw wastewater samples as well as the Roriche river water sample induced a strong proliferative response in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Tunisian raw wastewater had an average 17beta-estradiol content of 2,705.4 pg/ml, whereas that of the Roriche river was 36.7 pg/ml, which is sufficient for inducing endocrine-mediated responses in aquatic organisms. Results further showed that the Mornag WWTP, which uses the activated-sludge treatment system, has a higher estrogen removal efficiency than the stabilization ponds of the Gammart and pilot WWTPs. This study, which is the first of such studies in Tunisia, and probably the first in the North African region, underscores the need to detect and monitor the estrogenic activity of water and wastewater, given the scarcity of water in Tunisia and the detrimental impact of endocrine-disrupting compounds on the physiology of both animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research and Technologies of Water, BP. 273, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limam
authors.forename: Terence P N
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Talorete
authors.forename: Mourad Ben Sik
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Amel Ben Rejeb
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Jenhani
authors.forename: Yukuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghrabi
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isoda
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002455:Cell Division; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014416:Tunisia; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C095157:ENO1 protein, human; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase