title: Molecular characterization of cell death induced by a compatible interaction between Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. linii and flax (Linum usitatissimum) cells.
abstract: The cellular and molecular events associated with cell death during compatible interaction between Fusarium oxysporum sp. linii and a susceptible flax (Linum usitatissimum) cell suspension are reported here. In order to determine the physiological and molecular sequence of cell death of inoculated cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial potential, lipoxygenase, DNase, protease and caspase-3-like activities, lipid peroxidation and secondary metabolite production were monitored. We also used microscopy, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation assay. Cell death was associated with specific morphological and biochemical changes that are generally noticed in hypersensitive (incompatible) reaction. An oxidative burst as well as a loss of mitochondrial potential of inoculated cells, an activation of lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation were noted. Enzyme-mediated nuclear DNA degradation was detectable but oligonucleosomal fragmentation was not observed. Caspase-3-like activity was dramatically increased in inoculated cells. Phenylpropanoid metabolism was also affected as demonstrated by activation of PAL and PCBER gene expressions and reduced soluble lignan and neolignan contents. These results obtained in flax suggest that compatible interaction triggers a cell death sequence sharing a number of common features with the hypersensitive response observed in incompatible interaction and in animal apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, UPRES EA 1207, Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 rue de Loigny la Bataille, 28000 Chartres, France. christophe.hano@univ-orleans.fr
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hano
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addi
authors.forename: Ophélie
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fliniaux
authors.forename: Lamine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bensaddek
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duverger
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mesnard
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamblin
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lainé
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D019597:Flax / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020169:Caspases