title: The perforated intrauterine device: endoscopic retrieval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uterine perforation is the most serious complication associated with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Minimally invasive techniques, such as hysteroscopy and advanced laparoscopy, are ideally suited to the diagnosis and surgical management of the perforated IUD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases of uterine perforation caused by an IUD and treated with endoscopic surgery are presented. In all 3 cases, the IUD was located by using x-rays, ultrasonography, or pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to identify the specific location of the IUD and to remove it. All patients recovered without incident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gynecologic surgeon should acquire familiarity with the complications of, and proficiency in managing, perforated and ectopic IUDs by using modern surgical techniques that permit the patient's rapid return to health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Division of Advanced Gynecologic Endoscopy, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Heinberg
authors.forename: Travis W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Resad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D014599:Uterus / Q000293:injuries*