title: S100B Protein concentration in milk-formulas for preterm and term infants. Correlation with industrial preparation procedures.
abstract: Human milk S100B protein possesses important neurotrophic properties. However, in some conditions human milk is substituted by milk formulas. The aims of the present study were: to assess S100B concentrations in milk formulas, to verify any differences in S100B levels between preterm and term infant formulas and to evaluate the impact of industrial preparation at predetermined phases on S100B content. Two different set of samples were tested: (i) commercial preterm (n = 36) and term (n = 36) infant milk formulas; ii) milk preterm (n = 10) and term infant (n = 10) formulas sampled at the following predetermined industrial preparation time points: skimmed cow milk (Time 0); after protein sources supplementation (Time 1); after pasteurization (Time 2); after spray-drying (Time 3). Our results showed that S100B concentration in preterm formulas were higher than in term ones (p < 0.01). In addition, S100B concentrations during industrial preparation showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) at Time 1 followed by a slight decrease (p > 0.05) at Time 2, whereas a significant (p < 0.001) dip was observed at Time 3. In conclusion, S100B showed a sufficient thermostability to resist pasteurization but not spry-drying. New feeding strategies in preterm and term infants are therefore warranted in order to preserve S100B protein during industrial preparation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Health, G. Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciotti
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galvano
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietri
authors.forename: Gabriella Lucia
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tina
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: La Fauci
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacopino
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bognanno
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li Volti
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scacco
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michetti
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazzolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004355:Drug Stability; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human