title: Gene expression analysis in human malignant melanoma cell lines exposed to carbon beams.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the molecular changes in response to carbon beams (C-ions) in melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined expression profiles of 6 melanoma cell lines exposed to C-ions or X-rays with 2 Gy using single-color microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two genes, including nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (NFKBIA), responded to C-ions in all six cell lines, based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) filtering (p < 0.001). We found 173 genes that responded in common to C-ions in four cell lines. We identified many down-regulated genes including the cell cycle - related genes that were more responsive to C-ions than X-rays. In contrast, most of the up-regulated genes including the tumor protein p53 (p53) target genes responded to both C-ions and X-rays. C-ions induced G2/M arrest significantly more than X-rays at 30 h (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that down-regulation of gene expression plays a key role in the response to C-ions. Regulation of cell cycle - related genes and induction of prolonged G2/M arrest may be responsible for the extra sensitivity to C-ions, whereas p53-related genes may have similar roles in the sensitivities to both C-ions and X-rays.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwakawa
authors.forename: Yoshiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furusawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Mizuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imadome
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020450:Heavy Ions; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins