title: Hic-5 promotes the hypertrophic scar myofibroblast phenotype by regulating the TGF-beta1 autocrine loop.
abstract: Following severe traumatic or thermal injury to the dermis, hypertrophic scars (HTSs) often develop in humans. These scar fibroblasts (hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HTSFs)) retain the myofibroblast phenotype persistently, rather than transiently as in acute wounds. These pathogenic myofibroblasts constitutively express smooth-muscle cell alpha-actin (SMAA), deposit an excessive amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, are highly contractile, and stably display large focal adhesions. Increasing evidence supports a mechanism in which autocrine production and activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) are required to maintain the pathogenic myofibroblast phenotype. We recently reported that Hic-5, a focal adhesion protein that is upregulated by TGF-beta1, is expressed persistently in HTSF compared to normal adult fibroblasts (NADFs). We now find that Hic-5 is an important regulator of the constitutive myofibroblast phenotype in HTSFs. Silencing the expression of Hic-5 in HTSFs with specific siRNAs dramatically reduces TGF-beta1 production, decreases the generation of supermature focal adhesions reduces expression of SMAA and decreases collagen contraction and ECM synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that Hic-5 is an essential component of the mechanism regulating autocrine production of TGF-beta1 and the resulting pathogenic myofibroblast phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Ganary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dabiri
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tumbarello
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Livingston
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van de Water
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C490351:TGFB1I1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen