title: Renal alterations in prediabetic rats with periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periodontitis was shown to have an impact on glucose levels in prediabetic and diabetic rats. The Zucker fatty rat (ZFR) is a well-characterized model of prediabetes presenting with impaired glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and moderate hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether periodontitis influences kidney changes in ZFRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male adult ZFRs (N = 19) and their lean littermates (N = 18) were studied. Periodontitis was induced with ligatures in half of the ZFRs and lean rats, whereas the other half served as controls. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and the kidneys, liver, and heart were removed and weighed. Kidneys were evaluated histologically for glomerular volume and renal mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2, transforming growth factor-beta, connective tissue growth factor, collagen IValpha1, fibronectin, and nephrin. Urinary albumin excretion and creatinine clearance were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In prediabetic ZFRs, periodontitis was associated with kidney hypertrophy (P = 0.03) and a tendency for increased glomerular volume (P = 0.06). In lean littermates, elevated fibronectin mRNA levels (P = 0.03) were noted in the presence of periodontitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest the participation of periodontitis in the development of early renal changes in ZFRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Carla C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pontes Andersen
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmstrup
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buschard
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000032:analysis; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000032:analysis; D006984:Hypertrophy; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009929:Organ Size; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000150:complications*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D005353:Fibronectins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C113267:nephrin; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D003404:Creatinine; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2