title: Evidence for AMPK-dependent regulation of exocytosis of lipoproteins in a model liver cell line.
abstract: 5'-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in the regulation of cellular lipid metabolism. The contribution of vesicular exocytosis to this regulation is not known. Accordingly, we studied the effects of AMPK on exocytosis and intracellular lipid content in a model liver cell line. Activation of AMPK by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the rates of constitutive exocytosis by about 2-fold. Stimulation of exocytosis by AMPK occurred within minutes, and persisted after overnight exposure to metformin or AICAR. Activation of AMPK also increased the amount of triacylglycerol (TG) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) secreted from lipid-loaded cells. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in the intracellular lipid content indicating that exocytosis of lipoproteins was involved in these lipid-lowering effects. While AMPK increased the rates of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the lipid-lowering effects were quantitatively significant even after inhibition of FAO with R-etomoxir. These results suggest that hepatic AMPK stimulates constitutive exocytosis of lipoproteins, which may function in parallel with FAO to regulate intracellular lipid content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Dallas TX 75390-9151, USA.
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puljak
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parameswara
authors.forename: Svjetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dolovcak
authors.forename: Shar L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Waldrop
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emmett
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: J Gregory
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: Gordan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kilic
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014280:Triglycerides; C012258:mevastatin; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D008687:Metformin; D008148:Lovastatin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide; C054207:etomoxir; D000638:Amiodarone