Current concepts of the mechanisms of menstruation: a normal process of tissue destruction.
Current data support the contention that menstruation is the consequence of the actions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the endometrium, and that these enzymes are stimulated by the products of an inflammatory process. A number of MMPs, capable of degrading both interstitial matrix and basement membrane components, have been localized to perimenstrual endometrium, and the focal nature of their production suggests local regulation. Emphasis is placed on important relationships between cells of the immune system (specifically, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages), and the local production and activation of MMPs, whose degradative actions lead to loss of integrity of blood vessels, destruction of endometrial interstitial matrix and the resultant bleeding characteristic of menstruation.
Salamonsen
L A
LA
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.