title: PPARbeta/delta agonist stimulates human lung carcinoma cell growth through inhibition of PTEN expression: the involvement of PI3K and NF-kappaB signals.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) promotes cancer cell survival. We previously demonstrated that a selective PPARbeta/delta agonist, GW501516, stimulated human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth. Here, we explore the mechanisms responsible for this effect. We show that GW501516 decreased phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor known to decrease cell growth and induce apoptosis. Activation of PPARbeta/delta and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling was associated with inhibition of PTEN. GW501516 increased NF-kappaB DNA binding activity and p65 protein expression through activation of PPARbeta/delta and PI3K/Akt signals and enhanced the physical interactions between PPARbeta/delta and p65 protein. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K and silencing of p65 by small RNA interference (siRNA) blocked the effect of GW501516 on PTEN expression and on NSCLC cell proliferation. GW501516 also inhibited IKBalpha protein expression. Silencing of IKBalpha enhanced the effect of GW501516 on PTEN protein expression and on cell proliferation. It also augmented the GW501516-induced complex formation of PPARbeta/delta and p65 proteins. Overexpression of PTEN suppressed NSCLC cell growth and eliminated the effect of GW501516 on phosphorylation of Akt. Together, our observations suggest that GW501516 induces the proliferation of NSCLC cells by inhibiting the expression of PTEN through activation of PPARbeta/delta, which stimulates PI3K/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling. Overexpression of PTEN overcomes this effect and unveils PPARbeta/delta and PTEN as potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bioresearch Bldg., 615 Michael St., Suite 205-M, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. shan2@emory.edu
authors.forename: ShouWei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ritzenthaler
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roman
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000819:agonists*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C425931:GW 501516; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D047494:PPAR delta; D048068:PPAR-beta; D013844:Thiazoles; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human