[The role of resident and circulating stem cells in physiological and reparative regeneration].
Complete or partial restoration of the number of parenchymal cells is a vital part of the mechanism of maintaining tissue homeostasis and post-injury regeneration. It includes proliferation and differentiation of the resident stem cells, homing and differentiation of circulating stem cells, and, sometimes, transient dedifferentiation and amplification of the local parenchyma. Bone marrow serves as the principal storage site of the circulating stem cells. Several possible ways of circulating stem cells participation in tissue regeneration are discussed including trans-differentiation and fusion with resident cells. There is a theory of a common pool of circulating pluripotent stem cells present in the bone marrow and some other tissues and an alternative theory of several pools of tissue-specific circulating stem cells. The data obtained in this field of research are the starting point for development of cell-based technologies aimed at therapy of degenerative diseases and traumas.
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D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*