title: A study of naloxone effect on urinary retention in the patient receiving morphine patient-controlled analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to compare urinary retention rates following orthopaedic surgery in patients who received low-dose intravenous naloxone while receiving morphine patient-controlled analgesia with patients who did not receive naloxone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial without blinding.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 97 participants consenting to the study, 45 were randomly assigned to a control group and 52 assigned to an experimental group. Forty-three patients in the control group and 47 in the experimental group (90 total) completed the study protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative urinary residuals were lower, patients voided more frequently, and fewer catheterizations were needed when given low-dose naloxone while receiving morphine patient-controlled analgesia. At the same time, naloxone in small doses was found to have negligible effect on overall patient pain control.
authors.affiliation: St Joseph's Hospital, Member of HealthEast Care System, St Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DuRand
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pshon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000009:adverse effects; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016530:Orthopedic Nursing; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine