title: Nutrition and breast cancer among sporadic cases and gene mutation carriers: an overview.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in most industrialized countries. Most breast cancers are considered sporadic, with only 5-10% estimated to be due to inherited susceptibility. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the effect of nutrition on breast cancer risk among gene mutation carriers as well as those with sporadic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The published literature from 1999 to 2007 was reviewed to examine the relationship between nutrition and breast cancer among sporadic cases and gene mutation carriers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence suggests that fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, fish, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, and phytoestrogens may reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, high intake of meat, poultry, total energy, total fat and saturated fatty acids may play a causative role in this disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diet in breast cancer pathogenesis is a modifiable risk factor on which to focus prevention efforts. Identification of the relationship between nutrition and breast cancer among sporadic cases and gene mutation carriers provides necessary data for breast cancer prevention.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Vishnee
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bissonauth
authors.forename: Bryna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shatenstein
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghadirian
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D018570:Risk Assessment