title: Screening preharvest/postharvest strategies to prevent fruit rot decay.
abstract: In fruit growing preharvest sprayings in the orchard are mainly applied to protect fruit from decaying. Next to multisite fungicides (captan, thiram, tolylfluanid) the most commonly used products recognized for the Belgium market are Bellis (pyraclostrobin & boscalid) and the combination of Topsin M (thiophanate-methyl) and Frugico (diethofencarb). In general the spraying schedule varies depending on weather conditions (infection risk), preharvest interval of available fungicides, fruitgrower and cultivar of pome fruit (apple/pear). Facing the climatological conditions before picking the residue loading on the fruit surface can differ enormously. Also wet (pre)grading is considered to decrease the product residue resulting to fruits which are less protected before entering the cold storage room. In this context a partially replacement of the preharvest treatments by one postharvest application could offer a reliable alternative to the PPP reduction program (Plant Protection Products) in the orchard. A standardized application method by dipping or drenching will cover the fruits homogenically resulting in a rationalized fungicide use compared to the preharvest sprayings in the orchard. For the Belgium market Philabuster (imazalil & pyrimethanil) is registered for postharvest treatments since for this product a proper solution for the waste water of postharvest uses was developed to protect surface waters (Funds technology). Philabuster provides an advanced mould control towards fruit rot pathogens Gloeosporium spp., Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium spp. In this context several trials were set up to evaluate the biological efficacy of Philabuster alone or in combination with preharvest sprayings in the orchard. In concrete different preharvest spraying schedules were applied in the last six weeks before harvest on apple and pear facing parameters as rational fungicide use, antifungal effectiveness and cost price. The purpose was to select the optimal combination in use of preharvest fungicides with Philabuster as postharvest treatment, which offer full protection towards all key pathogens in apple and pear.
authors.affiliation: Proefcentrum Fruitteelt v.z.w., De Brede Akker 13, BE-3800 St-Truiden, Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vorstermans
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Creemers
mesh_terms: D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D031989:Pyrus / Q000382:microbiology*; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007093:Imidazoles; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011743:Pyrimidines; C108337:pyrimethanil; C017435:enilconazole