title: Antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased fertility desire, but not pregnancy or live birth, among HIV+ women in an early HIV treatment program in rural Uganda.
abstract: To assess the association between antiretroviral therapy (ART) and fertility history and desire among HIV-positive Ugandan women, we conducted a cross-sectional study among HIV-positive Ugandan women aged 18-50 years who attended an HIV clinic at Mbarara University in western Uganda between November 1, 2005 and June 6, 2006. Of 538 women approached, 501 were enrolled. ART use was associated with increased odds of fertility desire (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.38-6.28), and decreased odds of pregnancy (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.95) and live birth (AOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13-0.66). ART was associated with an increase in fertility desire, but was not associated with an increase in fertility. Additional studies will be needed to determine if this greater fertility desire among ART-treated women leads to an increase in fertility as ART use expands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail Code OP-30, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA. maierma@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andia
authors.forename: Nneka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emenyonu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pepper
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Bangsberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D050498:Live Birth; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012424:Rural Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents