title: Evidence for postsynaptic modulation of muscle contraction by a Drosophila neuropeptide.
abstract: DPKQDFMRFamide, the most abundant FMRFamide-like peptide in Drosophila melanogaster, has been shown previously to enhance contractions of larval body wall muscles elicited by nerve stimulation and to increase excitatory junction potentials (EJPs). The present work investigated the possibility that this peptide can also stimulate muscle contraction by a direct action on muscle fibers. DPKQDFMRFamide induced slow contractions and increased tonus in body wall muscles of Drosophila larvae from which the central nervous system had been removed. The threshold for this effect was approximately 10(-8)M. The increase in tonus persisted in the presence of 7x10(-3)M glutamate, which desensitized postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Thus, the effect on tonus could not be explained by enhanced release of glutamate from synaptic terminals and, thus, may represent a postsynaptic effect. The effect on tonus was abolished in calcium-free saline and by treatment with L-type calcium channel blockers, nifedipine and nicardipine, but not by T-type blockers, amiloride and flunarizine. The present results provide evidence that this Drosophila peptide can act postsynaptically in addition to its apparent presynaptic effects, and that the postsynaptic effect requires influx through L-type calcium channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milakovic
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cull
authors.forename: Markus K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: A Joffre
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mercier
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000494:pharmacology; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004330:Drosophila / Q000502:physiology*; D019835:FMRFamide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005444:Flunarizine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D019835:FMRFamide; D000584:Amiloride; D009529:Nicardipine; D009543:Nifedipine; D005444:Flunarizine