title: Effects of inhaled fine dust on lung tissue changes and antibody response induced by spores of opportunistic fungi in goats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of sterile fine dust aerosol inhalation on antibody responses and lung tissue changes induced by Mucor ramosissimus or Trichoderma viride spores following intratracheal inoculation in goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 weanling Boer-Spanish goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 goats were allocated to each of 2 M ramosissimus-inoculated groups, 2 T viride-inoculated groups, and 2 control (tent or pen) groups. One of each pair of sporetreated groups and the tent control group were exposed 7 times to sterilized fine feedyard dust (mean+/-SD particle diameter, <7.72+/-0.69 microm) for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 4 fungal treatment groups were inoculated intratracheally 5 times with a fungal spore preparation (30 mL), whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (30 mL). Pen control goats were not inoculated or exposed to dust. Goats received an IV challenge with equine RBCs to assess antibody responses to foreign antigens. Postmortem examinations were performed at study completion (day 68) to evaluate lung tissue lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5 of 7 deaths occurred between days 18 and 45 and were attributed to fine dust exposures prior to fungal treatments. Fine dust inhalation induced similar lung lesions and precipitating antibodies among spore-treated goats. Following spore inoculations, dust-exposed goats had significantly more spores per gram of consolidated lung tissue than did their nonexposed counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fine dust inhalation appeared to decrease the ability of goats to successfully clear fungal spores from the lungs following intratracheal inoculation.
authors.affiliation: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA.
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Purdy
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ayers
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000097:blood; D001831:Body Temperature; D004391:Dust / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009089:Mucor / Q000276:immunology*; D009181:Mycoses / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D004391:Dust