title: Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds.
abstract: Silk fibroin biomaterials are being explored as novel protein-based systems for cell and tissue culture. In the present study, biomimetic growth of calcium phosphate on porous silk fibroin polymeric scaffolds was explored to generate organic/inorganic composites as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Aqueous-derived silk fibroin scaffolds were prepared with the addition of polyaspartic acid during processing, followed by the controlled deposition of calcium phosphate by exposure to CaCl(2) and Na(2)HPO(4). These mineralized protein-composite scaffolds were subsequently seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hMSC) and cultured in vitro for 6 weeks under osteogenic conditions with or without BMP-2. The extent of osteoconductivity was assessed by cell numbers, alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition, along with immunohistochemistry for bone-related outcomes. The results suggest increased osteoconductive outcomes with an increase in initial content of apatite and BMP-2 in the silk fibroin porous scaffolds. The premineralization of these highly porous silk fibroin protein scaffolds provided enhanced outcomes for the bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Hyeon Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ung-Jin
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chunmei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Leisk
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012831:Bombyx; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011108:Polymers; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C017645:polyaspartate; D005349:Fibroins