title: The novel Akt inhibitor, perifosine, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis and downregulates P-glycoprotein expression in multidrug-resistant human T-acute leukemia cells by a JNK-dependent mechanism.
abstract: A significant impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy is the occurrence of multidrug resistance, which, in many cases, is attributable to overexpression of membrane transport proteins, such as the 170-kDa P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Also, upregulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-signaling pathway is known to play an important role in drug resistance, and has been implicated in the aggressiveness of a number of different cancers, including T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We have investigated the therapeutic potential of the novel Akt inhibitor, perifosine (a synthetic alkylphospholipid), on human T-ALL CEM cells (CEM-R), characterized by both overexpression of P-gp and constitutive upregulation of the PI3K/Akt network. Perifosine treatment induced death by apoptosis in CEM-R cells. Apoptosis was characterized by caspase activation, Bid cleavage and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The proapoptotic effect of perifosine was in part dependent on the Fas/FasL interactions and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, as well as on the integrity of lipid rafts. Perifosine downregulated the expression of P-gp mRNA and protein and this effect required JNK activity. Our findings indicate that perifosine is a promising therapeutic agent for treatment of T-ALL cases characterized by both upregulation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway and overexpression of P-gp.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche Umane e Fisiopatologia dell'Apparato Locomotore, Università, di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiarini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Sole
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongiorgi
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Gaboardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappellini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Follo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubrey
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martelli
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C105905:perifosine; D014747:Vinblastine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020169:Caspases