title: Wild ducks as long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1).
abstract: Wild birds have been implicated in the expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) outbreaks across Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa (in addition to traditional transmission by infected poultry, contaminated equipment, and people). Such a role would require wild birds to excrete virus in the absence of debilitating disease. By experimentally infecting wild ducks, we found that tufted ducks, Eurasian pochards, and mallards excreted significantly more virus than common teals, Eurasian wigeons, and gadwalls; yet only tufted ducks and, to a lesser degree, pochards became ill or died. These findings suggest that some wild duck species, particularly mallards, can potentially be long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) and that others, particularly tufted ducks, are more likely to act as sentinels.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Juthatip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keawcharoen
authors.forename: Debby
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Riel
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bestebroer
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Lavieren
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: Ron A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fouchier
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D003710:Demography; D004199:Disease Vectors; D004372:Ducks / Q000821:virology*; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000821:virology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral