title: Effect of saline waste solution infiltration rates on uranium retention and spatial distribution in Hanford sediments.
abstract: The accidental overfilling of waste liquid from tank BX-102 at the Hanford Site in 1951 put about 10 t of U(VI) into the vadose zone. In order to understand the dominant geochemical reactions and transport processes that occurred during the initial infiltration and to help understand current spatial distribution, we simulated the waste liquid spilling event in laboratory sediment columns using synthesized metal waste solution. We found that, as the plume propagated through sediments, pH decreased greatly (as much as 4 units) at the moving plume front. Infiltration flow rates strongly affect U behavior. Slower flow rates resulted in higher sediment-associated U concentrations, and higher flow rates (> or =5 cm/day) permitted practically unretarded U transport. Therefore, given the very high Ksat of most of Hanford formation, the low permeability zones within the sediment could have been most important in retaining high concentrations of U during initial release into the vadose zone. Massive amount of colloids, including U-colloids, formed at the plume fronts. Total U concentrations (aqueous and colloid) within plume fronts exceeded the source concentration by up to 5-fold. Uranium colloid formation and accumulation at the neutralized plume front could be one mechanism responsible for highly heterogeneous U distribution observed in the contaminated Hanford vadose zone.
authors.affiliation: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. jwan@lbl.gov
authors.forename: Jiamin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Tetsu K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Yongman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zheming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzirotti
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saiz
authors.forename: R Jeffrey
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Serne
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003102:Colloids; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D011850:Radioactive Waste; D054712:Salinity; D012996:Solutions; D014501:Uranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014861:Washington; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D011850:Radioactive Waste; D012996:Solutions; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D014501:Uranium