title: Alterations in the mechanical properties of bladder smooth muscle in hydrocephalus rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is now well established that hydrocephalus is associated with impaired bladder function. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hydrocephalus on bladder smooth muscle (BSM) reactivity in the rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrocephalus was induced in 7-day-old rats by injection of kaolin into the cisterna magna (AH group). Control group rats underwent a sham operation. After 10 days, rats were decapitated. Each bladder was excised and BSM strips placed in an organ bath where contractile and relaxant responses were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contractile response of BSM to KCl decreased in the AH group. Increased response to muscarinic agonist carbachol was observed in the AH group. The relaxant response to adrenergic agonist isoprenaline was significantly decreased in the AH group, whereas non-receptor-dependent agonist papaverine was unchanged in 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bladder smooth muscle reactivity is affected by the formation of hydrocephalus essentially by both receptor-dependent and non-receptor-dependent mechanisms. This pathway may be a novel target for the pharmacologic treatment of bladder dysfunction secondary to hydrocephalus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty of Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey. tugaym@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tugay
authors.forename: Sevinç
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tugay
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Etuş
authors.forename: Yusufhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazir
authors.forename: Tijen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utkan
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010208:Papaverine; D007545:Isoproterenol