title: Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 expression in inflammatory and resident monocytes is a potential biomarker for monitoring disease activity and success of therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type I interferon (IFN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is therefore considered a potential therapeutic target. This study was undertaken to establish a feasible biomarker for IFN effects with respect to disease activity and effectiveness of IFN-suppressive therapy in SLE patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcriptomes of purified monocytes from 9 SLE patients and 7 healthy controls were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip technology. Levels of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec-1) (sialoadhesin, CD169) in inflammatory and resident monocytes were determined at the protein level in 38 healthy controls and 52 SLE patients, using multicolor flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcriptomes of peripheral monocytes from SLE patients revealed a dominant type I IFN signature. Siglec-1 was identified as one of the most prominent type I IFN-regulated candidate genes. At the protein level, the frequency of Siglec-1-expressing monocyte subsets was correlated with disease activity (as measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index) and was inversely correlated with levels of complement factors. Most interestingly, levels of anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies were highly correlated with the percentage of resident monocytes, but not inflammatory monocytes, expressing Siglec-1. High-dose glucocorticoid treatment resulted in a dramatic reduction of Siglec-1 expression in cells from patients with active SLE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that Siglec-1 expression in resident blood monocytes is a potential biomarker for monitoring disease activity, displaying type I IFN responses, and estimating levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies. Moreover, our results suggest that resident and inflammatory monocytes contribute differently to the process of autoantibody formation in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biesen
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Fidan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhudarova
authors.forename: Joachim R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grün
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinbrich-Zöllner
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backhaus
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Häupl
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudwaleit
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riemekasten
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radbruch
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hiepe
authors.forename: Gerd-Rüdiger
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grützkau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D063267:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C571166:SIGLEC1 protein, human; D063267:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1