title: Utility of Bcl-2, P53, Ki-67, and caveolin-1 immunostaining in the prediction of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy in a Japanese population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictive markers for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically confined prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry of bcl-2, p53, Ki-67, and caveolin-1 was performed in samples of paraffin-embedded prostate cancer from 119 Japanese patients. The clinicopathologic significance of staining with these markers was analyzed in relation to biochemical failure (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] >0.2 ng/mL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis showed the pretreatment PSA level (P = 0.03), postoperative Gleason score (P = 0.04), pathologic stage (P <0.001), seminal vesicle invasion (P <0.001), p53 staining (P <0.001), Ki-67 staining (P = 0.04), and caveolin-1 staining (P <0.0001) to be associated with biochemical failure. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that pretreatment PSA in group A (clinicopathologic parameters), caveolin-1 staining in group B, biomarkers, and the combination (group C) were independently associated with prediction of biochemical failure. The accuracy rate of each group was 76.2% (group A), 75.1% (group B), and 83.1% (group C), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of clinicopathologic parameters and biomarkers (group C) showed the highest accuracy rate. Caveolin-1 staining is an independent predictor of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. t_goto_jp@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Ba Phuoc
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ehara
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051242:Caveolin 1; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen