title: Urinary fibronectin as a predictor of a residual tumour load after transurethral resection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the level of urinary fibronectin predicts the residual tumour load after transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were collected from 167 consecutive patients with suspected bladder cancer admitted for TUR. Samples were taken both before and after surgery. Bladder tumour fibronectin (BTF) was analysed using a solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric test. Creatinine in urine was also determined and the BTF/creatinine ratio calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into a control group of 41 whose previous diagnosis was negative for BT and another of 126 with a positive diagnosis for BT, which was further subdivided into those with and without residual tumour, according to findings from specimens obtained during the second procedure (repeat TUR or cystectomy). After the second procedure, 68 patients (56%) had no residual tumour, whereas 54 (44%) did. Four patients with BT who did not have the second procedure were excluded from the study. The median BTF and BTF/creatinine value in the control group was 33.2 microg/L and 51.4 microg/g, respectively, before the first TUR, and 29.6 microg/L and 46.7 microg/g, respectively, after the first TUR. There were no statistically significant changes in BTF and BTF/creatinine ratio (P = 0.61 and 0.79, respectively). In the group with TCC, the BTF decreased from 211.9 to 97.3 microg/L (P = 0.02) and the BTF/creatinine ratio from 281.6 to 146.5 microg/g (P = 0.009) for those with residual tumour, while it decreased from 195.1 to 34.0 microg/L (P = 0.007) and the BTF/creatinine ratio decreased from 249.1 to 53.7 microg/g (P = 0.003) for those with no residual tumour. After initial TUR, the patients with residual tumour had significantly greater levels of BTF and BTF/creatinine than did those with no residual tumour (P = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curves showed an optimum threshold of 67.8 microg/L and 81.3 microg/g for BTF and the BTF/creatinine in detecting residual tumour, respectively, with a sensitivity of 91.4% and 89.0%, respectively, and a specificity of 87.8% and 85.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary fibronectin, in addition to being one of the best markers for diagnosing bladder carcinoma, can be used to determine the presence of residual tumour load after TUR of bladder TCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, 1st People's Hospital of Foshan, Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China. liliao10318023@126.com
authors.forename: Liao-Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hai-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xi-Kang
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Wen-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhou-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005353:Fibronectins; D003404:Creatinine