title: Sorafenib for metastatic renal cancer: the Princess Margaret experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, prolonged progression-free survival when compared with placebo, as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic renal carcinoma (MRC). Grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 12% of patients. This study presents sorafenib's efficacy and safety in a less selected cohort of patients enrolled in an expanded access program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with MRC received sorafenib 400 mg twice daily until disease progression. Tumor response was evaluated by RECIST criteria. Adverse events were graded by NCI common toxicity criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From November 2005 to August 2006, 58 patients were enrolled. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months (95% CI: 5.4-11.3), and the best responses among 54 patients were 11 (20%) confirmed partial responses, 15 (28%) stable diseases for > or =6 months; 10 patients (18%) had early progression at 8 weeks. Grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 37 patients (64%; 95% CI: 50%-76%), the most frequent being skin rash in 17 patients (29%), and hand-foot syndrome in 9 patients (15%). Thirty-six (62%) patients required dose reductions and/or treatment interruptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sorafenib is effective in a less selected patient population with MRC but leads to more toxicity than described previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Riechelmann
authors.forename: Soo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ian F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tannock
authors.forename: Domink R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Berthold
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib