title: Gingival overgrowth in dogs associated with clinically relevant cyclosporine blood levels: observations in a canine renal transplantation model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development of gingival hyperplasia in dogs after renal transplantation and administration of microemulsified cyclosporine A (MCsA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy adult mongrel dogs (n=5).
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of study on renal transplantation, dogs administered MCsA (20 mg/kg/day), azathioprine, and prednisolone to prevent graft rejection were monitored for development of gingival changes. Prednisolone was discontinued after 3 months. MCsA dose was adjusted to maintain whole blood trough concentration of 400-700 ng/mL. Gingival change was evaluated by weekly examination and photodocumentation, and gingival biopsy for histopathology was performed at 28 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One dog was lost because of acute graft rejection. Gingival hyperplasia developed in 3 of 4 dogs. The earliest gingival changes occurred in the interdental papillae at 20 weeks after transplantation. On histopathology, the underlying connective tissue was thickened and contained increase numbers of fibroblasts and inflammatory infiltrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term immunosuppression with an MCsA-based treatment likely induces substantial gingival hyperplasia when therapeutic, immunosuppressive blood levels of MCsA were maintained for 32 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCsA is used for immune-mediated diseases and preventing rejection after transplant in dogs. MCsA blood levels, and gingival hyperplasia should be monitored by routine examination of the interdental papilla in dogs administered MCsA for long periods.
authors.affiliation: Section of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jonathon F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: McAnulty
authors.forename: Ho-Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Byung-Il
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Changbaig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Wan-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heung-Myong
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005885:Gingival Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000662:veterinary*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine