title: Estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor as possible prognostic factor in radically resected gallbladder carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallbladder carcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. We have often encountered patients in whom the course of their disease differed substantially from what would be predicted based on their clinical staging, which highlights the needs to consider additional predictive factors. Gallbladder carcinoma occurs more frequently in women than men, yet expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone (PR) have not been studied. We applied an immunohistochemical stain to examine the expression of ER(alpha), ER(beta), and PR in radically resected gallbladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We immunohistochemically investigated 30 specimens of gallbladder adenocarcinoma tissues using ER(alpha), ER(beta), and PR antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenocarcinoma of gallbladder is negative for both ER(alpha) and PR. However, 22 of 30 cases (73.3%) were confirmed positive for ER(beta), which was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation. Five-year survival rates of ER(beta) positive and negative patients were 53.3% and 31.1%, respectively (P = 0.034). In multivariate analysis, only a low proportion score of ER(beta) status was a statistically significant factor (P = 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of ER(beta) expression in gallbladder carcinoma may be an important factor in identifying a poor prognostic group of gallbladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Woo Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Sin Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Sup
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hoon Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Byong Ro
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000473:pathology; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone