title: Long-term outcomes after intracoronary Beta-irradiation for in-stent restenosis in bare-metal stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing intracoronary brachytherapy using Beta- irradiation (Beta-BT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Beta-BT is effective in reducing angiographic restenosis as well as target vessel revascularization (TVR) in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) after bare-metal stenting (BMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  81 consecutive patients undergoing Beta-BT for ISR (irradiated length 32 [32-54] mm) after BMS in native vessels (n = 79) or saphenous vein grafts (n = 2) between 2001 and 2003 were followed. Major cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and TVR occurring > 1 year or > 1 year were assessed 5.2 (4.4-5.6) years after the index procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the entire follow-up period, the total MACE rate was 49.4%. Within the first year and at > 1 year, MACE rates were 25.9% and 23.5%, cardiac death occurred in 2.4% and 6.2%, and nonfatal MI in 6.2% and 12.3% for annual cardiac death/MI rates of 8.7% at < 1 year and 4.1% thereafter. TVR was required in 19% at < 1 year and in 16% of patients later on. The only independent predictor of MACE occurring < 1 year was an irradiated vessel length > 32 mm (odds ratio [OR] 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-6.78; p = 0.03). The best, albeit not statistically significant, predictor of MACE occurring at > 1 year was the presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 2.49, 95% CI 0.94-6.57; p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing Beta-BT for ISR after BMS carry a substantial risk of MACE also beyond the first year, with annual cardiac death and nonfatal MI rates of 1.5% and 2.9% up to 5 years postprocedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Micha T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Maeder
authors.forename: Matthias E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Buser
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weilenmann
authors.forename: Fabian P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Nietlispach
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zellweger
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amsler
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000637:transplantation; D015607:Stents; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013997:Time Factors; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi