title: A preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study of prefrontal-amygdalar activation changes in adolescents with bipolar depression treated with lamotrigine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypotheses regarding mood dysregulation in bipolar disorder (BD) have centered on limbic overactivity with relative prefrontal underactivity during mood episodes. Therefore, we hypothesized that adolescents with bipolar depression successfully treated with lamotrigine would show decreases in amygdalar activation, and increases in prefrontal activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight adolescents with BD underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline and after eight weeks of lamotrigine treatment. Blocks of negatively and neutrally valenced emotional pictures were presented during scanning, and subjects were asked to rate how each picture made them feel. Activation in bilateral amygdalae and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) for negative minus neutral pictures was correlated with Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) CDRS scores decreased significantly, from 53.0 (10.6) at baseline to 26.3 (5.3) at Week 8. This clinical improvement was correlated with decreased right amygdalar activation (r = 0.91, p = 0.002). At Week 8, but not baseline, CDRS score was positively correlated with bilateral amygdalar activation (r = 0.85, p = 0.007). DLPFC activation was not correlated with change in CDRS score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results indicate that adolescents with BD treated with lamotrigine demonstrated less amygdalar activation when viewing negative stimuli as depressive symptoms improved. Larger controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5540, USA. kchang88@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Kiki D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000679:Amygdala / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014227:Triazines; D010100:Oxygen; D000077213:Lamotrigine