title: Renal function and rate of hip bone loss in older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study.
abstract: Older men with reduced renal function are at increased risk of hip bone loss. Given the robustness of this association across different measures and a growing body of literature, our findings indicate that clinicians should take into account renal function when evaluating older men for osteoporosis risk and bone loss. Future randomized controlled trials should test whether interventions in this high risk population are effective in preventing bone loss and decreasing fracture incidence.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Studies examining whether kidney impairment, not requiring dialysis, is associated with osteoporosis have reported conflicting results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the hypothesis that reduced renal function in older men as manifested by higher concentrations of cystatin C or lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with higher rates of bone loss. We measured serum cystatin C, serum creatinine and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) at baseline in a cohort of 404 older men enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study and followed them prospectively for an average of 4.4 years for changes in BMD. Associations between renal function and change in hip BMD were examined using linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariable analysis, the mean rate of decline in total hip BMD showed an increase in magnitude with higher cystatin C concentration (mean annualized percent change -0.29, -0.34, -0.37 and -0.65% for quartiles 1 to 4; p for trend=0.004). Similarly, adjusted rates of hip bone loss were higher among men with lower eGFR as defined by the modification of diet in renal disease formula (mean annualized percent change -0.58, -0.39, -0.37, and -0.31 for quartiles 1 to 4; p for trend=0.02), but not among men with lower eGFR as defined by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (mean annualized percent change -0.47, -0.44, -0.31 and -0.43 for quartiles 1 to 4; p for trend=0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older men with reduced renal function are at increased risk of hip bone loss. Our findings suggest that health care providers should consider renal function when evaluating older men for risk factors for bone loss and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA. isha0012@umn.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paudel
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steffes
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orwoll
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D003404:Creatinine