title: Steroid hormone determination in water using an environmentally friendly membrane based extraction technique.
abstract: In this study, a method was developed for determination of steroid hormones (17beta-estradiol, estrone, 17alpha-ethynylestradiol) in tap and sewage water samples from Sweden. Sample preparation and analysis were performed by a hollow-fibre microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (HF-MMLLE) set-up combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this approach, only the organic liquid in the lumen (10microL) of the hollow-fibre membrane was utilised for depleting extraction. Several parameters were studied, including: type of organic solvent, sample pH, salt and humic acid content. The optimised method allowed the determination of the analyte at the low ngL(-1) level in tap and sewage water. A linear plot gave correlation coefficients better than 0.995 and resulted in a method limit of detection of 1.6, 3 and 10ngL(-1) for 17beta-estradiol, estrone, and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol, respectively, in sewage water. Enrichment factors were over 1400 after derivatisation. The repeatabilities at 50 and 600ngL(-1) were better than 10% and 6%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Analytical Chemistry, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. saioa.zorita@analykem.lu.se
authors.forename: Saioa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zorita
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallgren
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mathiasson
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol