Intracerebroventricular ginsenosides are antinociceptive in proinflammatory cytokine-induced pain behaviors of mice.
Several ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg3) are neuroprotective and antinociceptive agents. In this study, we assessed the effects of these ginsenosides following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration on the nociceptive behaviors induced by intrathecal injection of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)). The ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg1, significantly attenuated the nociceptive behavior induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma injection, but ginsenoside-Rg3 did not. These results suggest that several ginsenosides may regulate the nociceptive processing induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Seo
Young-Jun
YJ
Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Okcheon-Dong, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 200-702, Korea.
Kwon
Min-Soo
MS
Choi
Hee-Woo
HW
Jang
Jeong-Eun
JE
Lee
Jin-Koo
JK
Sun
Yuanjie
Y
Jung
Jun-Sub
JS
Park
Soo-Hyun
SH
Suh
Hong-Won
HW
D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000700:Analgesics; D016207:Cytokines; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma