title: Modulation of aggrecan and ADAMTS expression in ovine tendinopathy induced by altered strain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular changes in tendon induced by altered strain in a large-animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A full-thickness partial-width laceration of the infraspinatus tendon was created in 5 sheep, while 5 sham-operated sheep were used as controls. Sheep were killed after 4 weeks, and 4 differentially stressed tendon regions (tensile or near bone attachment from overstressed or stress-deprived halves) were evaluated for histopathology, proteoglycan (PG) accumulation, and characterization of glycosaminoglycans and aggrecan catabolites. Gene expression of matrix components, enzymes, and inhibitors was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologic changes were detected in both overstressed and stress-deprived tensile tendon, but only in stress-deprived tendon near bone. In overstressed and stress-deprived tensile tendon, levels of keratan sulfate, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate were increased. In overstressed tensile tendon, levels of ADAMTS-generated aggrecan catabolites were increased. There was increased matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and decreased fibromodulin and decorin expression in all regions. Increased MMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-14, and ADAMTS-1 expression, and decreased type II collagen expression were restricted to stress-deprived tendon. In stress-deprived bone-attachment regions, messenger RNA (mRNA) for aggrecan was decreased, and ADAMTS was increased. In overstressed tensile tendon, aggrecan mRNA was increased, and ADAMTS was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distinct molecular changes in adjacent tissue implicate altered strain rather than humoral factors in controlling abnormal tenocyte metabolism, and highlight the importance of regional sampling. Tendon abnormalities induced by increased strain are accompanied by increased aggrecan, decreased ADAMTS, and low PG expression, which may negatively impact the structural integrity of the tissue and predispose to rupture.
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, and University Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia. mobsmith@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melrose
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Appleyard
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dart
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sonnabend
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053674:Aggrecans / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases