Alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake: plasma concentration and intake estimated from dietary records.
BACKGROUND
Alkylresorcinols (ARs), phenolic lipids exclusively present in the outer parts of wheat and rye grains, have been proposed as specific dietary biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to validate plasma ARs as a biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intakes by studying the correlation between their plasma concentration and intake calculated from food records.


METHODS
In a randomized crossover study, 22 women and 8 men were given a defined amount of either whole-grain or refined-cereal-grain products to be included in their habitual diets for two 6-wk periods. Blood samples were collected and food intakes were recorded before and after each intervention period.


RESULTS
Plasma AR concentrations were significantly higher after the whole-grain diet period than after the refined-grain period (P < 0.0001) and were well correlated with average daily AR intake estimated by self-reported weighed food records (Spearman's r = 0.58, P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Plasma AR concentrations are correlated with intake assessed by food records, which suggests that ARs are selective nutritional biomarkers for the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.
Landberg
Rikard
R
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden. rikard.landberg@lmv.slu.se
Kamal-Eldin
Afaf
A
Andersson
Agneta
A
Vessby
Bengt
B
Aman
Per
P
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D012434:Secale / Q000737:chemistry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
D015415:Biomarkers; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D012118:Resorcinols