title: Genetic ablation of NADPH oxidase enhances susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in mice.
abstract: Cigarette smoke (CS) induces recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lungs leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in lung inflammation and injury. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is a multimeric system that is responsible for ROS production in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS play an important role in lung inflammation and injury and that targeted ablation of components of NADPH oxidase (p47(phox) and gp91(phox)) would protect lungs against the detrimental effects of CS. To test this hypothesis, we exposed p47(phox-/-) and gp91(phox-/-) mice to CS and examined inflammatory response and injury in the lung. Surprisingly, although CS-induced ROS production was decreased in the lungs of p47(phox-/-) and gp91(phox-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice, the inflammatory response was significantly increased and was accompanied by development of distal airspace enlargement and alveolar destruction. This pathological abnormality was associated with enhanced activation of the TLR4-nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in response to CS exposure in p47(phox-/-) and gp91(phox-/-) mice. This phenomenon was confirmed by in vitro studies in which treatment of peritoneal macrophages with a nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor reversed the CS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators. Thus, these data suggest that genetic ablation of components of NADPH oxidase enhances susceptibility to the proinflammatory effects of CS leading to airspace enlargement and alveolar damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Box 850, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Indika
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Edirisinghe
authors.forename: Se-Ran
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajendrasozhan
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kode
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caito
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adenuga
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D003849:Deoxyguanosine