title: Effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian on expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappa B in rat liver fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) play important roles in liver fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Dan-shao-hua-xian, a preparation of traditional Chinese medicine, on the expression of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappaB in the fibrotic livers of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment (model, 8 weeks+treatment, 8 weeks; group A), natural recovery ( model, 8 weeks+saline, 8 weeks; group B), model (model only, 8 weeks; group C), and control (normal, untreated, 16 weeks; group D). Each group consisted of 20 rats (except for group D, which had 10). Fibrotic liver models were induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of CCl4, oral administration of alcohol and a high-lipid/low-protein diet for 8 weeks. After the models were established, the rats in group A were orally given Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules daily for another 8 weeks. Then, the liver indices serum hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by optical microscopy. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the liver tissue was determined. The expression of PPAR-gamma was detected by immunohistochemical techniques. The protein levels of PPAR-gamma and NF-kappaB were determined by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of serum HA, TNF-alpha and Hyp in group C increased compared with group D (P<0.05), and they decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05). The expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D (P<0.05), and it increased in group A compared with groups B and C (P<0.05). Similarly, Western blotting showed that the expression of PPAR-gamma in group C decreased compared with group D, and it increased in group A compared with group C. The expression of NF-kappaB increased in group C compared with group D (P<0.05), and it decreased in group A compared with group C (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dan-shao-hua-xian capsules enhance the expression of PPAR-gamma but decrease that of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the liver tissues of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrotic rats. These effects may play a role in its activity in treating hepatic fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
authors.forename: He-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; C499780:dan-shao-hua-xian