title: Prevalence of migraine in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with migraine, leading to the suggestion that migraine is more common in patients with potential right-to-left shunts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of migraine in adults with large right-to-left shunts because of cyanotic congenital heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 29 cyanotic adult patients with congenital heart disease answered a questionnaire to determine the prevalence of migraine with or without aura. A total of 38 matched acyanotic patients with congenital heart disease served as controls. A subgroup of 18 acyanotic patients also underwent bubble contrast echocardiography to look for patent foramen ovale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty (69%) of the cyanotic patients had migraine, the majority 17 (59%) having migraine with aura. Twenty-two (58%) of the 38 acyanotic patients had migraine, of whom 16 (42%) had migraine with aura. Nine (50%) of the 18 acyanotic patients who consented to an echocardiogram had patent foramen ovale. Of those with patent foramen ovale, 8 (89%) had migraine and 6 (67%) had migraine with aura.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased prevalence of migraine with aura in both cyanotic and acyanotic patients with congenital heart disease. The high prevalence of migraine in acyanotic patients with congenital heart disease may be due to an increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. ahir@mac.com
authors.forename: Asle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirth
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nightingale
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilmshurst
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Disney
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thorne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000150:complications*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires