Steroid secretion following exposure of ovarian follicular cells to single congeners and defined mixture of polybrominateddibenzoethers (PBDEs), p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDE.
The main objective of the present study was to describe in vitro effects of individual congeners of polybrominateddibenzoethers (PBDEs) (PBDE-47, 99, 100, 209), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) present at the highest amount in real-life mixtures of POPs extracted from liver oil of burbot from Lake Mjøsa in Norway, and defined combinations of these compounds on steroidogenesis in porcine ovarian follicular cells. Co-culture of theca and granulosa cells (Gc) was exposed by individual congeners of PBDEs or mixture. Media samples were collected and used for cell viability and steroid determination, while cells were used for the measurement of caspase-3 activity. All investigated PBDEs congeners increased both testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) secretion. We noted additive stimulatory action of BDE-47 and BDE-100 on both T and E2 secretion, and then inhibitory action on both of these hormones production when additionally BDE-99 and then BDE-209 were included in this mixture. The situation was different when DDT and DDE were added to the defined mixture. Stimulatory action on E2 secretion with parallel decrease of T secretion was noted. In conclusion, the data indicated: (1) stimulatory action of individual congeners of PBDEs on both E2 and T secretion by ovarian follicular cells points to stimulatory action on enzymes responsible for testosterone secretion; (2) the overall effect of a real-life mixture on the steroidogenic response in ovarian follicular cells could be dependent on the concentration of DDTs in the mixture; (3) the predicted effect of mixture, calculated based on a sum of independent action of individual congeners, was higher than that noted under the influence of defined mixture.
Gregoraszczuk
Ewa Ł
EŁ
Department of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland. ewa.gregoraszczuk@uj.edu.pl
Rak
Agnieszka
A
Kawalec
K
K
Ropstad
Erik
E
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007306:Insecticides; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D013256:Steroids; D013739:Testosterone; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D004958:Estradiol; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D003634:DDT; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D053148:Caspase 3