title: Association between TNFA-308 G/A polymorphism and sensitization to para-phenylenediamine: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) and related chemicals are common contact sensitizers, frequently causing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a key role in contact sensitization.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, we evaluated the distribution of variations in the regulatory region of the gene for TNF-alpha (TNFA-308 G/A) in 181 Caucasian individuals with a history of ACD and sensitization to PPD and 161 individuals with no history of sensitization to PPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of GA or AA TNFA genotypes was significantly higher in individuals sensitized to PPD than in age- and gender-matched controls giving an odds ratio (OR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.35-3.47; P = 0.0016). This relation was even more pronounced when restricting cases to females over 45 years (OR = 3.71; 95% CI: 1.65-8.31; P = 0.0017) vs younger females (less than or equal to 45 years; OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.03-5.65; P = 0.044) or males (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.449-2.47; P = 1.0). In addition, a logistic regression model revealed a significant effect for TNFA-308 AA and AG vs GG genotype (point estimate = 2.152; 95% Wald CI: 1.332-3.477).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a possible role for the TNFA-308 genetic polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for chemically induced ACD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecotoxicology and Toxicology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blömeke
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brans
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dickel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruckner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heesen
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.forename: P-J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Coenraads
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C029728:4-phenylenediamine