title: Estimated Numbers of Community Cases of Illness Due to Salmonella, Campylobacter and Verotoxigenic Escherichia Coli: Pathogen-specific Community Rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the annual number of cases of illness due to verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), Salmonella and Campylobacter in the Canadian population, using data from the National Notifiable Disease registry (NND), estimates of under-reporting derived from several National Studies on Acute Gastrointestinal Illness, and the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of the three pathogens (VTEC, Salmonella and Campylobacter), data were used to estimate the percentage of cases reported at each step in the surveillance system. The number of reported cases in the NND for each pathogen was then divided by these percentages. In cases where the pathogen-specific estimates were unavailable, data on acute gastrointestinal illness were used, accounting for differences between those with bloody and nonbloody diarrhea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For every case of VTEC, Salmonella and Campylobacter infection reported in the NND, there were an estimated 10 to 47, 13 to 37, and 23 to 49 cases annually in the Canadian population, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors estimate that a significant number of infections due to VTEC, Salmonella and Campylobacter occur each year in Canada, highlighting the fact that these enteric pathogens still pose a significant health burden. Recognizing the significant amount of under-reporting is essential to designing appropriate interventions and assessing the impact of these pathogens in the population.
authors.affiliation: Foodborne, Waterborne and Zoonotic Infections Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph and Ottawa.
authors.forename: M Kate
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Shannon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Majowicz
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Sockett
authors.forename: Aamir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fazil
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pollari
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flint
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Edge