title: Comprehensive immunological evaluation reveals surprisingly few differences between elite controller and progressor Mamu-B*17-positive simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.
abstract: The association between particular major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) alleles and control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication implies that certain CD8(+) T-lymphocyte (CD8-TL) responses are better able than others to control viral replication in vivo. However, possession of favorable alleles does not guarantee improved prognosis or viral control. In rhesus macaques, the MHC-I allele Mamu-B*17 is correlated with reduced viremia and is overrepresented in macaques that control SIVmac239, termed elite controllers (ECs). However, there is so far no mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon. Here we show that the chronic-phase Mamu-B*17-restricted repertoire is focused primarily against just five epitopes-VifHW8, EnvFW9, NefIW9, NefMW9, and env(ARF)cRW9-in both ECs and progressors. Interestingly, Mamu-B*17-restricted CD8-TL do not target epitopes in Gag. CD8-TL escape variation occurred in all targeted Mamu-B*17-restricted epitopes. However, recognition of escape variant peptides was commonly observed in both ECs and progressors. Wild-type sequences in the VifHW8 epitope tended to be conserved in ECs, but there was no evidence that this enhances viral control. In fact, no consistent differences were detected between ECs and progressors in any measured parameter. Our data suggest that the narrowly focused Mamu-B*17-restricted repertoire suppresses virus replication and drives viral evolution. It is, however, insufficient in the majority of individuals that express the "protective" Mamu-B*17 molecule. Most importantly, our data indicate that the important differences between Mamu-B*17-positive ECs and progressors are not readily discernible using standard assays to measure immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maness
authors.forename: Levi J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Yant
authors.forename: Chungwon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Shari M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Piaskowski
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furlott
authors.forename: Gemma E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: Enrique J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piontkivska
authors.forename: Austin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sidney
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sette
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016364:Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000939:Epitopes; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D014764:Viral Proteins