title: Dietary calcium intake among rural Thais in Northeastern Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the amount and relative contribution of calcium from the habitual diet among rural Thais.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calcium intake was assessed using 3-day food records and interviewer-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, containing 73 food items.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors recruited 436 healthy participants (181 men and 255 women), between 20 and 85 years of age. Averaged daily calcium intake among men and women were 378.6 and 265.6 mg, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of men and eighty seven percent of women had less dietary calcium intake than half of the recommended level (< 400 mg/day) whereas only 6 and 3% had an intake more than 800 mg/day. The major food sources of dietary calcium was glutinous rice (32 percent) followed by small animals with edible bones (31 percent) and fresh and fermented fish (20 percent). Dairy products and vegetables constituted only 8 and 5% of dietary calcium, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The habitual diet among rural Northeast Thais does not meet the recommended calcium intake level. To promote more consumption of dairy products and locally-available calcium-rich foods would be beneficial to prevent osteoporosis among this population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. pchatl@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Chatlert
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pongchaiyakul
authors.forename: Somsri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charoenkiatkul
authors.forename: Vongsvat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kosulwat
authors.forename: Nipa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rojroongwasinkul
authors.forename: Rajata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajatanavin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002136:Calcium, Dietary