title: Evaluation of the Loopamp (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) kit for detecting Norovirus RNA in faecal samples.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Noroviruses (NoVs) are associated with outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness in hospitals, nursing and residential homes and other institutional settings. NoV strains exhibit wide genetic diversity, and different virus genogroups and genotypes co-circulate in any geographical region at the same time, although most outbreaks of gastroenteritis are predominantly associated with genogroup II. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for detecting NoVs in clinical samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates commercialised Loopamp kits for detecting NoV GI and NoV GII in faecal samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis and compares the results with those obtained using real-time RT-PCR with NoV genogroup sequence-specific detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and ten faecal samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis were evaluated for the presence of NoV using the gold-standard real-time RT-PCRs and the Loopamp assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Loopamp Norovirus GI and GII detection kits performed well compared to genogroup-specific real-time RT-PCR. Although the sensitivity of detection of GI strains (83.3%) was less than that for GII strains (97.4%), this will have little impact on the laboratory diagnosis of NoV, since GII strains are associated with the majority of outbreaks examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Loopamp GII detection kit is a sensitive method for detecting all the commonly circulating GII-4 strains included in the evaluation panel.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, Colindale, London, United Kingdom. miren.iturriza@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iturriza-Gómara
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xerry
authors.forename: Chris I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Gallimore
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dockery
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral