title: How does the age of hoverfly females affect their reproduction?
abstract: In the present study, we observed the effect of age of Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera, Syrphidae) females on their fecundity and fertility (number and percentage of fertile eggs). Eight newborn E. batteatus couples were placed in separated cages (30 cm x 30 cm x 60 cm) and the number of eggs laid and the egg viability were recorded daily during 45 days. E. balteatus females had a pre-oviposition period of 10 days before mating happened. The fecundity increased steadily from day 11 to day 16 with an average of 30 eggs a day. During the following days (from day 23 to day 45), we found that the optimal fecundity was observed every second day and that 70.47% of the eggs laid during the entire life of the females were fertile. We also found that the fertility decreased significantly when the females were older than 38 days. As result, the age of hoverfly females influence significantly on their reproduction, with suggesting that hoverfly females from 2 to 5 weeks old are important agents for biological control programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agricultural University, Passage des Déportés 2, BE-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. almohamad.r@fsagx.ac.be
authors.forename: Raki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almohamad
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verheggen
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haubruge
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors