title: Analysis of multiple loci can increase reliability of detection of fetal Y-chromosome DNA in maternal plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aiming to develop more reliable methods for determination of fetal gender from maternal plasma we compared three different systems of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Y-chromosome DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell-free DNA was isolated from 96 samples of maternal plasma and (1) amplified using AmpFLSTR-Identifiler (15 autosomal STR loci and amelogenin) or AmpFLSTR-Yfiler (16 Y-chromosome STR loci) kits and subsequently analyzed on ABI-PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer, or (2) analyzed using Quantifiler-Y DNA-Quantification kit. Gender of fetuses was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis or phenotypically at birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AmpFLSTR-Identifiler and Quantifiler-Y Human-Quantification kits were rather reliable in determining fetal gender (92.5 and 98.1%, respectively), but false negatives were still present in both systems. AmpFLSTR-Yfiler was found to be fully reliable as it amplified Y-chromosome in all cases of male fetuses, and was thus 100% correct in determining fetal gender. In addition, it enabled comparison of polymorphic Y-chromosome loci between father and a child, thus further supporting specificity of obtained results.
authors.affiliation: DNA Laboratory, University of Osijek School of Medicine, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Jasenka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Snjezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dzijan
authors.forename: Doroteja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pavan-Jukić
authors.forename: Jadranka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Gordan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lauc
mesh_terms: D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis
chemical_list: D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D004247:DNA