title: The effect of gemfibrozil on repaglinide pharmacokinetics persists for at least 12 h after the dose: evidence for mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2C8 in vivo.
abstract: Repaglinide is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 and 3A4. Gemfibrozil has the effect of increasing the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of repaglinide eightfold. We studied the effect of dosing interval on the extent of the gemfibrozil-repaglinide interaction. In a randomized five-phase crossover study, 10 healthy volunteers ingested 0.25 mg repaglinide, with or without gemfibrozil pretreatment. Plasma repaglinide, gemfibrozil, their metabolites, and blood glucose were measured. When the last dose of 600 mg gemfibrozil was ingested simultaneously with repaglinide, or 3, 6, or 12 h before, it increased the AUC(0-infinity) of repaglinide 7.0-, 6.5-, 6.2- and 5.0-fold, respectively (P < 0.001). The peak repaglinide concentration increased approximately twofold (P < 0.001), and the half-life was prolonged from 1.2 h to 2-3 h (P < 0.001) during all the gemfibrozil phases. The drug interaction effects persisted at least 12 h after gemfibrozil was administered, although plasma gemfibrozil and gemfibrozil 1-O-beta-glucuronide concentrations were only 5 and 10% of their peak values, respectively. The long-lasting interaction is likely caused by mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2C8 by gemfibrozil glucuronide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tornio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laitila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalliokoski
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Backman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D015248:Gemfibrozil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010880:Piperidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002219:Carbamates; D005965:Glucuronates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; C072379:repaglinide; C094370:gemfibrozil 1-O-acylglucuronide; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D015248:Gemfibrozil