title: In vitro effect of lycopene on cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: There is evidence indicating that regular consumption of tomato products is associated with favorable immunomodulatory effects. In addition, tomato extracts have been shown to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antithrombotic activity in vitro. Since tomatoes are rich in carotenoids and particularly in lycopene--the pigment responsible for the red color of tomatoes--the present work was designed to examine the in vitro effect of lycopene on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 healthy subjects. First, 2 x 10(6) PBMC suspended in 1 ml of conditioned medium were incubated over a period of 24 and 48 hours without or with the following concentrations of lycopene: 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 microM. The production of the subsequent cytokines was evaluated: IL-1beta, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as TNFalpha and IFNgamma. Lycopene induced a dose-dependent increase in IL1beta, and TNFalpha production and a decrease in IL-2, IL-10 and IFNgamma secretion, whereas that of IL-6 and IL-1ra was not affected. It is concluded that understanding the role of lycopene in modulation of the immune system may promote decisions as for dietary supplementation of lycopene for reducing the risk of certain diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bessler
authors.forename: Hertzel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Yifat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alcalay
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djaldetti
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002338:Carotenoids; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D000077276:Lycopene