title: Chemotherapy-induced bystander effect in response to several chloroethylnitrosoureas: an origin independent of DNA damage?
abstract: Chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU) chemotherapy is used for the treatment of melanoma tumors. The main mechanism of action of this anticancer agent is via DNA damage. We recently showed in murine experiments using a parental double B16 melanoma tumor model that, after treatment of primary tumors with cystemustine (CENU agent), untreated secondary tumors exhibited growth inhibition and metabolism disorders. The response of secondary untreated tumor was called the chemotherapy-induced bystander effect. To see whether chemotherapy-induced bystander effects were induced with other members of the CENU family, we compared three CENU(s) used in melanoma treatment: cystemustine, carmustine and fotemustine. Our results demonstrate that fotemustine, like cystemustine, but not carmustine induced a protective effect against secondary untreated tumors including alterations in phospholipid derivative and glutathione which are the metabolic signature of the bystander effect. From these data we may conclude that DNA damage to the primary tumor is not sufficient to explain chemotherapy-induced bystander effects.
authors.affiliation: CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caillaud
authors.forename: Aicha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demidem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000517:prevention & control; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D014752:Vinyl Chloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D009607:Nitrosourea Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010743:Phospholipids; C051263:N'-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl)-N'-nitrosourea; D005978:Glutathione; C054368:fotemustine; D002330:Carmustine; D014752:Vinyl Chloride