[General principles and first clinical trials of therapeutic vaccines against cancer].
In this brief review we describe the general principles of the antigenicity of human tumor cells, which can be recognized by T lymphocytes and particularly by cytolytic T lymphocytes. This antigenicity of tumor cells lead to the development of therapeutic anticancer vaccines that should induce tumor regressions or prevent the development of metastases in the vaccinated patients. We provide some information on a set of small scale clinical trials that we have carried out with metastatic melanoma patients, and which have provided encouraging though limited clinical results. Detailed immunological analyses with some of these vaccinated patients showed strong anti-tumor T cell responses and suggested that the main limiting factor for clinical efficacy is a phenomenon of resistance of the tumor to T lymphocyte attack. Current research projects aim at elucidating the mechanisms of this resistance and to develop new vaccination strategies that circumvent this roadblock.
Baurain
Jean-François
JF
Centre du Cancer, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Oncology Department, 54 avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgique. jean-francois.baurain@uclouvain.be
Van der Bruggen
Pierre
P
Van den Eynde
Benoît J
BJ
Coulie
Pierre G
PG
Van Baren
Nicolas
N
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; C072013:MAGEA3 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins