title: Late presentation of a lead perforation as a complication of permanent pacemaker insertion.
abstract: Lead perforation is a less-recognized delayed complication of device implantation. Delay in recognition may prove fatal. Predictors of postimplantation pericardial effusion, which serves as a marker of perforation, include concomitant use of transvenous pacemaker, steroid use within 7 days, and older age. The authors report a case of an 86-year-old patient who presented with a lead perforation 16 months following the original pacemaker insertion. Following surgical repair with sternotomy, a new ventricular lead was placed via a transvenous approach at the right ventricular septum. A higher clinical suspicion should be maintained in the elderly in whom perforation occurs more frequently, and consideration should be given to implanting the lead in sites other than the right ventricular apex to minimize the risk of this late complication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Salman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Heitner
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kassotis
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology*