title: Dry and wet heat transfer through clothing dependent on the clothing properties under cold conditions.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with each other. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 degrees C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 degrees C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.
authors.affiliation: EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St. Gallen, Switzerland. mark.richards@empa.ch
authors.forename: Mark G M
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meinander
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Broede
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Candas
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: den Hartog
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holmér
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nocker
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Havenith
mesh_terms: D003020:Clothing; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D013542:Sweat; D013814:Thermal Conductivity; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water