The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors in asthma.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that plays important roles in allergic responses, including asthma and anaphylaxis, the incidence of which is rising worldwide especially in industrialized urban populations. In this review, we will discuss how S1P is formed and released, and how it acts at many cellular levels, including mast cells, the airway epithelium, airway smooth muscle and many immune cells. Since the actions of S1P on all of these cells could exacerbate allergic responses, the proteins that synthesize, release and respond to S1P offer plausible targets for a new generation of antiinflammatory therapeutics.
Ryan
John J
JJ
Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
Spiegel
Sarah
S
D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
D008246:Lysophospholipids; D049349:Receptors, Lysosphingolipid; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D013110:Sphingosine