title: VCAM-1 increases levels of HGF in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis cell culture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. To date the underlying cause remains unclear and no drug has been accredited for first-line therapy. VCAM-1 has been reported to play a pivotal role in establishing ECRS. Other authors have reported that inflammatory cytokines may mediate changes in the underlying epithelium in the sinuses through hepatocyte growth factor HGF. In our study, the effect of VCAM-1 on HGF levels was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECRS cell cultures were incubated with VCAM-1 and HGF levels were determined after 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours. RT-PCR was enrolled to depict the HGF-RNA levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen hours of incubation showed 28.5 pg/ml HGF, whereas in the control 16.3 pg/ml was detectable. After 24 and 36 hours, 37 pg/ml and 43.5 pg/ml HGF were measured in the incubated cell cultures, respectively; 72 hours of incubation with VCAM-1 resulted in 50.6 pg/ml HGF, whereas 23.5 pg/ml was determined in the controls. The RT-PCR for HGF also showed increased concentration in the incubated cells after 72 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCAM-1 induced an increase in levels of HGF in the ECRS cell cultures. The rising transcriptional activity was demonstrated by means of RT-PCR. The levels of HGF were within physiological ranges, suggesting that a misbalance between HGF and VCAM-1 resulted in the establishment of ECRS. Further experiments are necessary to reveal the role of HGF in the development of ECRS. This is the first report about the effect of VCAM-1 on growth factors in ECRS cell culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Homburg/Saar, Germany. Ramin.Naim@Gmail.com
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naim
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hormann
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloching
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor