title: The x-ray light valve: a potentially low-cost, digital radiographic imaging system-concept and implementation considerations.
abstract: New x-ray radiographic systems based on large-area flat-panel technology have revolutionized our capability to produce digital x-ray images. However, these imagers are extraordinarily expensive compared to the systems they are replacing. Hence, there is a need for a low-cost digital imaging system for general applications in radiology. A novel potentially low-cost radiographic imaging system based on established technologies is proposed-the X-Ray Light Valve (XLV). This is a potentially high-quality digital x-ray detector made of a photoconducting layer and a liquid-crystal cell, physically coupled in a sandwich structure. Upon exposure to x rays, charge is collected on the surface of the photoconductor. This causes a change in the optical properties of the liquid-crystal cell and a visible image is generated. Subsequently, it is digitized by a scanned optical imager. The image formation is based on controlled modulation of light from an external source. The operation and practical implementation of the XLV system are described. The potential performance of the complete system and issues related to sensitivity, spatial resolution, noise, and speed are discussed. The feasibility of clinical use of an XLV device based on amorphous selenium (a-Se) as the photoconductor and a reflective electrically controlled birefringence cell is analyzed. The results of our analysis indicate that the XLV can potentially be adapted to a wide variety of radiographic tasks.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
authors.forename: Christie Ann
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Ivaylo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koprinarov
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Germann
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rowlands
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays