title: [CT/MRI image characteristics of iliopsoas bursitis in avascular necrosis of femoral head].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the spectrum of CT and MR imaging and surgical operation findings in iliopsoas bursitis in patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head so as to enhance the diagnostic ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,415 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head were analyzed retrospectively; of them, 15 patients were complicated by iliopsoas bursitis surgically or aspiration of synovial fluid between May 2005 and May 2007. Fifteen cases were all necrosis of the bilateral femoral head and 17 hips were combined with iliopsoas bursitis. There were 14 males and 1 female, aging 29-58 years. The course of disease was 1 month to 3 years. All 15 patients had limitation of ability of the hips and the "4" type sign was positive. The Harris score of hip's function was 54-78 (mean 62.7). Five patients of them can be touched a palpable cystic mass and tenderness in the inguinal area, and 3 of them associated with femoral neuropathy and 2 patients presented slight atrophy of the thigh muscle in suffering side. All these cases were taken X-ray films of positive and frog-leg lateral position, helical CT scan with 5 mm thinness, and MRI was performed in 6 patients with TlWI, T2WI, T2WI and fat-saturated inversion recovery sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiographs were the primary basis evidences for diagnosis and degrees of the avascular necrosis of femoral head. According to the standards of Association Research Circulation Osseuse, there were 2 hips at stage II (II C 2), 6 hips at stage III ( II B 1, III C 5 and 9 hips at stage IV. The X-ray films showed the bulging of the fat pad and soft tissue swelling in 6 patients. CT analysis disclosed that the enlarged iliopsoas bursae appeared as hypodense, well-defined, thin-walled (< 2 mm) cystic structures. The content of the examined bursae was homogeneous with a CT density of ranging from 12.7 to 41.2 Hu, showing fluid collection. They were round or oval in shape medial to the iliopsoas, exhibiting inyvrted water-drop cystic shadow just inferior to the femoral head. Slight contrast enhancement of the bursal wall was seen after contrast agent administration in 3 cases. MRI demonstrated that the iliopsoas bursitis presented as low signal on T1WI and water-like high signal on T2WI and markedly higher signal on STIR in 6 cases. The demonstration of the extent, size, mass effects and its relation and subsequent affection to surrounding anatomical structures were clearly shown by MRI, and by the communications between the il opsoas bursa and the adjacent hip joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the diagnosis of avascular necrosis of femoral head with imaging approaches, much attention should be paid to the abnormalities around the articular capsule to early identify iliopsoas bursitis for further management.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China. gbzk66400@126.com
authors.forename: Ennian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Baoliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Guojuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zaichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002062:Bursitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016658:Psoas Muscles; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed