title: Myocardial blood flow in patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: differences between true and pseudo-severe aortic stenosis. Results from the multicentre TOPAS (Truly or Pseudo-Severe Aortic Stenosis) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impairment of myocardial flow reserve (MFR) in aortic stenosis (AS) with normal left ventricular function relates to the haemodynamic severity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether myocardial blood flow (MBF) and MFR differ in low-flow, low-gradient AS depending on whether there is underlying true-severe AS (TSAS) or pseudo-severe AS (PSAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 36 patients with low-flow, low-gradient AS, dynamic [13N]ammonia PET perfusion imaging was performed at rest (n = 36) and during dipyridamole stress (n = 20) to quantify MBF and MFR. Dobutamine echocardiography was used to classify patients as TSAS (n = 18) or PSAS (n = 18) based on the indexed projected effective orifice area (EOA) at a normal flow rate of 250 ml/s (EOAI(proj )<or= or >0.55 cm(2)/m(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy controls (n = 14), patients with low-flow, low-gradient AS had higher resting mean (SD) MBF (0.83 (0.21) vs 0.69 (0.09) ml/min/g, p = 0.001), reduced hyperaemic MBF (1.16 (0.31) vs 2.71 (0.50) ml/min/g, p<0.001) and impaired MFR (1.44 (0.44) vs 4.00 (0.91), p<0.001). Resting MBF and MFR correlated with indices of AS severity in low-flow, low-gradient AS with the strongest relationship observed for EOAI(proj) (r(s) = -0.50, p = 0.002 and r(s) = 0.61, p = 0.004, respectively). Compared with PSAS, TSAS had a trend to a higher resting MBF (0.90 (0.19) vs 0.77 (0.21) ml/min/g, p = 0.06), similar hyperaemic MBF (1.16 (0.31) vs 1.17 (0.32) ml/min/g, p = NS), but a significantly smaller MFR (1.19 (0.26) vs 1.76 (0.41), p = 0.003). An MFR <1.8 had an accuracy of 85% for distinguishing TSAS from PSAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-flow, low-gradient AS is characterised by higher resting MBF and reduced MFR that relates to the AS severity. The degree of MFR impairment differs between TSAS and PSAS and may be of value for distinguishing these entities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. iburwash@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Burwash
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lortie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pibarot
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Kemp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mundigler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khorsand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blais
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Dumesnil
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hachicha
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DaSilva
authors.forename: R S B
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beanlands
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D055815:Young Adult