title: Human tissue transglutaminase antibody screening by immunochromatographic line immunoassay for early diagnosis of celiac disease in Turkish children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Celiac disease has a large prevalence worldwide. There are a limited number of comparable epidemiological data for celiac disease in Turkey. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a sample of 1000 Turkish children by a novel, simple, and visual one-step immunoassay screening test.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study consisted of 1000 serum samples from apparently healthy children and children with disorders other than celiac disease aged between 2-18 years who presented as outpatients at Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics. Sera were tested for IgA-class antibodies against human tissue transglutaminase and gliadin by rapid immunochromatographic line immunoassay. Endomysial antibody IgA against human tissue transglutaminase and AGA IgA/IgG were also tested by ELISA as a second step when the result of the screening test was positive. Small bowel biopsy was recommended to all the children with positive anti-tissue transglutaminase and/or endomysial antibody results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the 1000 individuals (1%) had positive antibody screening test to human tissue transglutaminase. All tissue transglutaminase-positive samples revealed good correlation with endomysial antibody by ELISA method. Subsequently small bowel biopsy was performed in all serology-positive cases. Biopsy results confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease in nine cases. The prevalence of biopsy- proven celiac disease was 1:111 (0.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Determination of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies by simple visual system for celiac disease appeared to be as reliable as the ELISA system. It is easy to perform and interpret, cost-effective, and rapid, as pointed out in other previous studies, as a screening test in large population-based studies. The prevalence of celiac disease in the overall sample of Turkish children (1:111 or 0.9%) in this preliminary study is similar to that reported in European and Middle Eastern countries and the United States.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale. fulya.gulerman@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fulya G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Demirçeken
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kansu
authors.forename: Zarife
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kuloğlu
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Girgin
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Güriz
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ensari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D004386:Duodenum / Q000473:pathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000097:blood*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D011503:Transglutaminases