title: Introduction of medical emergency teams in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about Medical Emergency Teams (METs) in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) is limited to local studies and a cluster randomised controlled trial (the Medical Emergency Response and Intervention Trial [MERIT]). Thus, we sought to describe the timing of the introduction of METs into ANZ hospitals relative to relevant publications and to assess changes in the incidence and rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions due to a ward cardiac arrest (CA) and ICU readmissions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society database to obtain the study data. We related MET introduction to publications about adverse events and MET services. We compared the incidence and rate of readmissions and admitted CAs from wards before and after the introduction of an MET. Finally, we identified hospitals without an MET system which had contributed to the database for at least two years from 2002 to 2005 and measured the incidence of adverse events from the first year of contribution to the second.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MET status was known for 131 of the 172 (76.2%) hospitals that did not participate in the MERIT study. Among these hospitals, 110 (64.1%) had introduced an MET service by 2005. In the 79 hospitals in which the MET commencement date was known, 75% had introduced an MET by May 2002. Of the 110 hospitals in which an MET service was introduced, 24 (21.8%) contributed continuous data in the year before and after the known commencement date. In these hospitals, the mean incidence of CAs admitted to the ICU from the wards changed from 6.33 per year before to 5.04 per year in the year after the MET service began (difference of 1.29 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.09 to 2.67; P = 0.0244). The incidence of ICU readmissions and the mortality for both ICU-admitted CAs from wards and ICU readmissions did not change. Data were available to calculate the change in ICU admissions due to ward CAs for 16 of 62 (25.8%) hospitals without an MET system. In these hospitals, admissions to the ICU after a ward CA decreased from 5.0 per year in the first year of data contribution to 4.2 per year in the following year (difference of 0.8 per year, 95% CI -0.81 to 3.49; P = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 60% of hospitals in ANZ with an ICU report having an MET service. Most introduced the MET service early and in association with literature related to adverse events. Although available in only a quarter of hospitals, temporal trends suggest an overall decrease in the incidence of ward CAs admitted to the ICU in MET as well as non-MET hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Victoria, Australia. dazajones@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Daryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Graeme K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric