Aquatic toxicity assessment of the additive 6-methylcoumarine using four experimental systems.
The toxicity assessment of chemicals is one of the main issues in the current policies in order to protect the health of the environment and human beings. Food and cosmetic additives have been extensively studied in relation to their toxicity to humans, but data about their ecotoxicological effects are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the additive 6-methylcoumarine in the aquatic milieu using a test battery comprising experimental model systems from different trophic levels. The inhibition of bioluminiscence was studied in the bacteria Vibrio fischeri (decomposer), the inhibition of growth was evaluated in the alga Chlorella vulgaris (producer) and immobilization was studied in the cladoceran Daphnia magna (first consumer). Finally, several end points were evaluated in the RTG-2 salmonid fish cell line, including neutral red uptake, protein content, methylthiazol tetrazolium salt metabolization, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and leakage, and morphology. The sensitivity of the test systems employed was as follows: V. fischeri > D. magna > C. vulgaris > RTG-2 cell line. The results show that 6-methylcoumarine is not expected to produce acute toxic effects on the aquatic biota. However, chronic and synergistic effects with other chemicals cannot be excluded and should be further investigated.
Jos
A
A
Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain. angelesjos@us.es
Repetto
G
G
Ríos
J C
JC
Del Peso
A
A
Salguero
M
M
Cameán
A M
AM
D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D003374:Coumarins / Q000633:toxicity*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049449:Luminescence; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D003358:Cosmetics; D003374:Coumarins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C018096:6-methylcoumarin