title: Risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Montenegro.
abstract: Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. There might be many risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Smoking, especially cigarette smoking and alcohol are indisputable risk factors. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease.A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The study group consisted of 108 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 108 hospital controls matched by sex, age (+/-3 years) and place of residence. Laryngeal cancer patients and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay using a structured questionnaire. According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio/OR/=2.93, Confidence Interval/CI/95% = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95% = 2.04 to 12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95% = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95% = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95% = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95%=0.16 to 0.92). The great majority of laryngeal cancers could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro. elvirz@cg.yu
authors.forename: Elvir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zvrko
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gledović
authors.forename: Agima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ljaljević
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054548:Montenegro; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee