title: The incidence of residual pneumothorax after video-assisted sympathectomy with and without pleural drainage and its effect on postoperative pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of residual pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy, with and without postoperative pleural drainage, and to evaluate the possible influence of this type of pneumothorax on postoperative pain within the first 28 postoperative days.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting symptoms consistent with primary palmoplantar hyperhidrosis and treated at the Thoracic Surgery Outpatient Clinic of the State Hospital of Sumaré between July and December of 2006 were included. All were submitted to sympathectomy up to the third ganglion using video-assisted thoracoscopy and were randomized to receive or not receive postoperative pleural drainage for 3 h. Chest X-rays and low-dose computed tomography scans of the chest were performed on the first postoperative day in order to determine the incidence of residual pneumothorax. At different time points up to postoperative day 28, patient pain was assessed using a visual numeric scale and by measuring the quantity of opioid analgesics required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study comprised 56 patients, 27 submitted to bilateral pleural drainage and 29 not submitted to drainage. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of the incidence of post-sympathectomy residual pneumothorax. Residual pneumothorax diagnosed through any of the methods did not influence pain within the first 28 postoperative days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing closed pleural drainage for 3 h immediately after video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy did not affect lung re-expansion or the incidence of residual pneumothorax. When residual pneumothorax was present, it did not affect pain within the first 28 postoperative days.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery and Respiratory Endoscopy, Department of the State Hospital of Sumaré, Sumaré, Brazil. dralexandregarcia@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Alexandre Garcia de
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Giancarlo Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.forename: Ayrton Bentes
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Ivan Felizardo Contrera
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: Jose Ribas Milanez de
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Fábio Biscegli
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Jatene
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013562:Sympathectomy / Q000379:methods*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics