Dissemination of ESBL and Qnr determinants in Enterobacter cloacae in Algeria.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates collected from Algerian hospitals and to verify the association with qnr genes.


METHODS
MICs were determined by Etest for isolates giving positive double-disc synergy tests, and all isolates were screened by PCR and sequenced, respectively, for bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV) and bla(VEB) genes and for qnr genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS), using specific primers.


RESULTS
The prevalence of ESBLs was 25/141 (17.7%) with 11, 9, 4 and 1 isolates testing positive for genes encoding CTX-M-15, CTX-M-3, SHV-12 and VEB-1, respectively. Two SHV-12 producers and one CTX-M-15 producer expressed QnrS1, one isolate produced CTX-M-15 and QnrB1 and one SHV-12 producer co-expressed QnrS1 and QnrB4. qnrA was not detected in our collection, and qnr alleles were not detected in non-ESBL-producing isolates.


CONCLUSIONS
SHV-12, QnrS1, QnrB1 and QnrB4 were reported for the first time in Algeria. This study also described a co-expression of qnrS1 and qnrB4 by an SHV-12 producer isolate.
Iabadene
Hassen
H
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar 16111, Alger, Algérie.
Messai
Yamina
Y
Ammari
Houria
H
Ramdani-Bouguessa
Nadjia
N
Lounes
Saliha
S
Bakour
Rabah
R
Arlet
Guillaume
G
D000462:Algeria; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015363:Quinolones; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases