title: Epidemiology of cervical spine abnormalities in asymptomatic adult professional rugby union players using static and dynamic MRI protocols: 2002 to 2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the prevalence of abnormalities in the cervical spine of asymptomatic professional rugby players using both static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to improve the detection of abnormalities and prevention of related injuries was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  French professional rugby union clubs, between 2002 and 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  206 elite male adult players.
  
  
  METHODS
  Static sagittal T2 and axial T2* fast spin echo (FSE), and dynamic sagittal single-shot FSE weighted MRI scans of the C2-C7 region were examined for the presence of abnormalities. Participants' spines were in supine neutral position for the static protocol but were allowed complete flexibility in a sagittal plane for the dynamic protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medulla-to-canal ratio (MCR) was measured at every vertebral disc level for both MRI methods. When observed, anatomical abnormalities were categorised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomical abnormalities mainly consisted of degenerative discopathy and were most frequently observed in players aged>21 years, as well as in players whose MCR was abnormally high based on medical expertise. Most MCRs that were initially assessed as intermediate with static MRI were subsequently assessed as abnormal with dynamic MRI assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since dynamic MRI is more accurate than static techniques in examining the cervical spine, it contributes substantially to identifying the risk of spinal injuries in professional rugby players, and when used in association with clinical assessment, it can assist in preventing spinal injury.
authors.affiliation: CAPIO-Clinique des Cedres, Gap, Toulouse, France. bcastinel@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Castinel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Milburn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castinel
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Quarrie
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peyrin
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Yeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D055959:Intervertebral Disc Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies