title: Antibody levels to single bacteria or in combination evaluated against myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence is accumulating that oral bacteria are associated with myocardial infarctions (MI). We were interested in studying the differences in the association between single bacteria or bacteria in combination and the relation to C-reactive protein (CRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the levels of antibodies against four major periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA), Tannerella forsythia (TF) and Treponema denticola (TD) and CRP in 548 men with a self-reported history of MI to 625 controls who took part in the Oslo II study in 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels of bacterial antibodies were higher for the cases than the controls, but not significant as standard deviations were large. The level of CRP was higher in the cases than the controls (p=0.010). Logistic regression analyses comparing the upper quartile value with the lower value of one of either four antibodies (anti-AA, anti-TF, anti-TD and anti-PG) were significantly associated (p=0.032) with MI. Equivalent analyses of either three bacteria showed significant associations for anti-AA, anti-TD and anti-PG (p=0.036) and anti-AA, anti-PG and anti-TF (p=0.040). CRP showed an increased relative risk with increasing quartile value; trend, p=0.016, but not in multivariate analysis including the oral antigens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No single bacterium but rather combinations were related to increasing relative risk for MI independent of known cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Lise.Lund.Haheim@nokc.no
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lund Håheim
authors.forename: Ingar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nafstad
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: Kjersti S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Rønningen
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000276:immunology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000276:immunology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D002097:C-Reactive Protein