title: The outcome of infants younger than 6 months requiring ventilation for pneumonia caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome of young infants (<6 months) being ventilated for respiratory failure caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has not been recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study of children <6 months admitted to the PICU from 1 February 1999 to 31 December 2005 with MTB causing respiratory failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen infants were ventilated for respiratory failure caused by MTB: ten had ventilatory respiratory failure and seven had hypoxic failure. An index case was found in 47%. All chest radiographs (CXRs) were highly suggestive of tuberculosis. MTB was cultured in 15 cases. In the other two cases MTB was confirmed by histopathology. The median duration of ventilation was 6 days (range: 1-35 days) with a median PaO2/FiO2 of 85 and ventilatory index of 58. Transthoracic glandular enucleation was required to facilitate extubation in six babies. All the infants survived. At 6-month follow-up 35% had a normal CXR and all were asymptomatic. One child had CXR changes suggestive of bronchiectasis but was asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of infants <6 months ventilated for respiratory failure caused by MTB is very good if TB is recognized timeously and appropriate management started. The diagnosis of TB in these infants can be made with a high index of suspicion and careful evaluation of the CXR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa. pgouss@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goussard
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gie
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kritzinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andronikou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beyers
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rossouw
mesh_terms: D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy