title: Effects of sodium bisulfate on alcohol, amine, and ammonia emissions from dairy slurry.
abstract: Sodium bisulfate (SBS) is extensively used in the poultry industry to reduce ammonia and bacterial levels in litter. It is also used in the dairy industry to reduce bacterial counts in bedding and ammonia emissions, preventing environmental mastitis and calf respiratory stress. The present study measured the effect of SBS on the air emission of ammonia, amine, and alcohol from a dairy slurry mix. Amine flux was undetectable (<5 ng L(-1)) across treatments. Application of SBS decreased ammonia, methanol, and ethanol emissions from fresh dairy slurry. Ammonia emissions decreased with increasing levels of SBS treatment. The 3-d average ammonia flux from the control (no SBS applied) and the three different SBS surface application levels of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2) were 513.4, 407.2, 294.8, and 204.5 mg h(-1) m(-2), respectively. The ammonia emission reduction potentials were 0, 21, 43, and 60%, respectively. Methanol and ethanol emissions decreased with an increase in the amount of SBS applied. The 3-d average methanol emissions were 223.7, 178.0, 131.6, and 87.0 mg h(-1) m(-2) for SBS surface application level of 0, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.375 kg m(-2), with corresponding reduction potentials of 0, 20, 41, and 61, respectively. Similar emission reduction potentials of 0, 18, 35, and 58% were obtained for ethanol. Sodium bisulfate was shown to be effective in the mitigation of ammonia and alcohol emissions from fresh dairy slurry.
authors.affiliation: Dep. of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Huawei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yongjing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wendi A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nuckles
authors.forename: Irina L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Malkina
authors.forename: Veronica E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Mitloehner
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D008372:Manure; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000588:Amines; D008372:Manure; D013431:Sulfates; C012036:sodium sulfate; D000431:Ethanol; D000641:Ammonia