title: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate in-vitro T cell function in type I diabetic patients.
abstract: In this work, we assessed the in-vitro effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) (final concentration, 15 microM) on T cell blastogenesis, interleukin-2 and -4 (IL-2, IL-4) secretion, fatty acid composition and intracellular oxidative status in type I diabetic patients with or without complications. Con A stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, glucose uptake, intracellular reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity were lower in diabetics as compared to controls, regardless to the presence of complications. EPA and DHA diminished T-lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production but enhanced IL-4 secretion in both diabetic and control groups. No changes in the levels of reduced glutathione and in the activities of catalase and SOD were observed in control T cells cultured in the presence of EPA and DHA. However, in diabetic patients, addition of n-3 PUFA to culture induced an increase in T cell levels of reduced glutathione and hydroperoxide, and in activities of catalase and SOD. Low levels of arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) were found in plasma membrane phospholipids of lymphocytes from diabetic patients compared to controls. Incubation of lymphocytes with EPA and DHA was associated with an incorporation of these fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on T cell functions in type I diabetes could be attributed to their suppressive action and modulation of cytokine secretion, and to the improvement of intracellular oxidative status.
authors.affiliation: Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria.
authors.forename: Sid Ahmed
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Merzouk
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saker
authors.forename: Karima Briksi
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Reguig
authors.forename: Nassima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Soulimane
authors.forename: Hafida
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merzouk
authors.forename: Baya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guermouche
authors.forename: Abdelsslam Yahia
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Berrouiguet
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hichami
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narce
authors.forename: Naim Akhtar
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005978:Glutathione; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides