title: Artemisinin production by shoot regeneration of Artemisia annua L. using thidiazuron.
abstract: An efficient in vitro method for multiple shoot bud induction and regeneration has been developed in Artemisia annua L. using leaf and stem explants in various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators to evaluate the frequency of regeneration. The sources of explants as well as plant growth regulators in the medium were found to influence the multiple shoot induction. The result shows that the stem segment cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) gave a perfect shoot formation (100%) and good shoot multiplication (57 shoots/explant) after 2 weeks of culture. Healthy regenerated shoots were elongated and rooted in MS medium without hormones. The artemisinin content in plants regenerated from stem explants using 0.1 mg/l TDZ was (3.36 +/- 0.36) microg/mg dry weight and two-fold higher than that of in vitro grown plants of the same age [(1.73 -/+ 0.23) microg/mg DW]. This system exhibited a potential for a rapid propagation of shoots from the stem explant and makes it possible to develop a clonal propagation of A. annua.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanwimon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lualon
authors.forename: Wanchai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De-Eknamkul
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoyama
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Putalun
mesh_terms: D031172:Artemisia annua / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018525:Germination; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D013785:Thailand; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D013830:Thiadiazoles; C016785:thidiazuron