title: Arousability in schizophrenia: relationship to emotional and physiological reactivity and symptom severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Socioenvironmental stressors have been linked with increased symptom severity and relapse in those with schizophrenia. However, little is known about how individual differences in stress reactivity may contribute to these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the association between the temperament characteristic of arousability and changes in negative affect and cardiovascular activity during a challenge task in 58 in-patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia and 21 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the patient group, levels of arousability were significantly associated with increases in negative affect in response to the task and greater severity of affective symptoms. Levels of arousability were associated with decreased heart rate during the challenge task in our patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that greater attention be given to individual differences, such as temperament and personality characteristics, and their role in the experience of stressors, including emotional and physiological response, as well as symptom development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA. tom.dinzeo@yale.edu
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dinzeo
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nienow
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Docherty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D013694:Temperament