title: Pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in conscious cats and cats anesthetized with isoflurane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the pharmacokinetics of remifentanil in conscious cats and cats anesthetized with isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Remifentanil (1 microg/kg/min for 5 minutes) was administered IV in conscious cats or cats anesthetized with 1.63% isoflurane in oxygen in a randomized crossover design. Blood samples were obtained immediately prior to remifentanil administration and every minute for 10 minutes, every 2 minutes for 10 minutes, and every 5 minutes for 10 minutes after the beginning of the infusion. Blood was immediately transferred to tubes containing citric acid, flash frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Blood remifentanil concentration was determined by use of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Remifentanil concentration-time data were fitted to compartment models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2-compartment model (with zero-order input because of study design) best described the disposition of remifentanil in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized cats. The apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, the apparent volume of distribution at steady state, the clearance, and the terminal half-life (median [range]) were 1,596 (1,164 to 2,111) and 567 (278 to 641) mL/kg, 7,632 (2,284 to 76,039) and 1,651 (446 to 29,229) mL/kg, 766 (408 to 1,473) and 371 (197 to 472) mL/min/kg, and 17.4 (5.5 to 920.3) and 15.7 (3.8 to 410.3) minutes in conscious and anesthetized cats, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disposition of remifentanil in cats was characterized by a high clearance. Isoflurane anesthesia significantly decreased the volume of the central compartment, likely by decreasing blood flow to vessel-rich organs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Bruno H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pypendop
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Brosnan
authors.forename: Kristine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Siao
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010880:Piperidines; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil