title: Effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to analyze the effect of raloxifene on the vaginal epithelium of postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this non-randomized clinical trial, 80 women (mean age = 60.6 years) were prospectively studied. Forty patients received 60 mg/day of raloxifene (RG), and 40 women constituted a non-treated control group (CG), paired by age and time since menopause. The treated group consisted of patients with osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Those with a diagnosis of infection in the lower genital tract and using hormone therapy (HT) up to 6 months prior to the study were excluded. Vaginal smears were collected at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. The vaginal maturation value (VMV) was determined, and counts of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells were performed. Smears were analyzed by only one cytopathologist who was blinded to patient data. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, and Chi-Squared test were used in the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study groups were homogeneous regarding age, time since menopause, parity, HT use, smoking, and body mass index. No statistically significant differences were observed in VMV median values (RG, 39.7 and 35.7; CG, 50.0 and 50.0, respectively) or in the percentage of superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells between the groups at baseline and after 6 months (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation between VMV and age, time since menopause, previous HT use, or body mass index, in either of the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with raloxifene for 6 months has no effect on the maturation of the vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, Sao Paulo 18618-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delmanto
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahas-Neto
authors.forename: Eliana A P
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: Maria Luiza C S
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Cesar E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Traiman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy; D017698:Postmenopause; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014621:Vagina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride