title: Evaluation of acoustical conditions for speech communication in working elementary school classrooms.
abstract: Detailed acoustical measurements were made in 41 working elementary school classrooms near Ottawa, Canada to obtain more representative and more accurate indications of the acoustical quality of conditions for speech communication during actual teaching activities. This paper describes the room acoustics characteristics and noise environment of 27 traditional rectangular classrooms from the 41 measured rooms. The purpose of the work was to better understand how to improve speech communication between teachers and students. The study found, that on average, the students experienced: teacher speech levels of 60.4 dB A, noise levels of 49.1 dB A, and a mean speech-to-noise ratio of 11 dB A during teaching activities. The mean reverberation time in the occupied classrooms was 0.41 s, which was 10% less than in the unoccupied rooms. The reverberation time measurements were used to determine the average absorption added by each student. Detailed analyses of early and late-arriving speech sounds showed these sound levels could be predicted quite accurately and suggest improved approaches to room acoustics design.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Human Science & Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. sato.hiro@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D012574:Schools; D013016:Sound; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D017132:Workplace