title: Monitoring and management of antipsychotic-related metabolic and endocrine adverse events in pediatric patients.
abstract: Efficacy differences among antipsychotics are relatively small and difficult to predict, however, differences are generally larger and more predictable regarding adverse effects. Antipsychotic related metabolic and endocrine abnormalities are most worrisome, as they are risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Importantly, children and adolescents may be more sensitive to antipsychotic related adverse events than adults, including developmentally inappropriate weight gain and glucose, lipid and prolactin abnormalities, which can be associated with adverse physical outcomes during childhood. Careful selection of an antipsychotic, as well as proactive monitoring and management of side effects should be part of routine clinical practice. Because children and adolescents undergo expected physical changes, it is important to use developmentally appropriate thresholds for weight and metabolic measures. Research is required to elucidate risk factors, mechanisms and best interventions for antipsychotic related adverse endocrine and metabolic effects in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System Glen Oaks, New York 11004, USA. ccorrell@lij.edu
authors.forename: Christoph U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Correll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011388:Prolactin