title: Retrospective evaluation of pain assessment and treatment for acute vasoocclusive episodes in children with sickle cell disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was conducted to assess the care of pediatric patients hospitalized for sickle cell disease-related vasoocclusive episodes (VOE). The aim of this research was to illustrate the course of pain scores and methods of therapeutic intervention during hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical chart reviews were conducted to collect pain assessment and management data about children hospitalized during a 2-year period at an urban children's hospital. T tests and Chi-square analyses were used to identify differences in demographic variables, pain scores and opiate utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 59 children with 134 hospitalizations for VOE in a 2-year period. 50.8% of the patients were male; the mean age was 11.5 +/- 4.9 years. The average length of hospitalization was 4.6 +/- 2.7 days (range 1-19 days). Older patients stayed in the hospital significantly longer than younger patients (P = 0.002). Pain scores remained in the moderate to severe range (> or =5 out of 10) for many days in the majority of patients. Results failed to reveal significant differences in pain scores and opiate utilization between patients who had short versus extended hospitalizations, and for those patients with frequent versus infrequent hospitalizations for pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite opiate dosing within recommended guidelines, mean pain scores remain in the moderate to severe range for several days following hospitalization for VOE. Future research should explore the factors which influence pain scores, as well as improved pain assessment and management techniques.
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, USA. wzempsk@ccmckids.org
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Zempsky
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loiselle
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Gabriella L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: J Nathan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hagstrom
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies