title: The effect of exercise on adrenocortical responsiveness of patients with chronic low back pain, controlled for psychological strain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise on adrenocortical responsiveness and on standard outcome measures in patients with chronic low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical therapy department of a university general hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated into positive and negative suppression test groups and assigned to exercise protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects in the positive and negative dexamethasone suppression test groups received a 12-week high-intensity aerobic exercise programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dexamethasone suppression test as an index of adrenocortical responsiveness, pain measured with the McGill Pain Questionnaire, functional status measured with the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, and psychological strain measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis in the positive group identified a significant reduction of pain by 30% (t(30) = 11.2, P<0.001), a recovery of the lost functioning by 34% (t(30) = 19.7, P<0.001), a reduction of anxiety/depression by 25% (t(30) = 10.2, P<0.001), and a change in adrenocortical responsiveness by 40% (t(30) = 14.1, P<0.001). In the dexamethasone suppression test negative group, data analysis identified a significant reduction of pain by 8% (t(31) = 4.2, P<0.001), a recovery of lost functioning by 10% (t(31) = 4.8, P<0.001), a reduction of anxiety/depression by 11% (t(31) = 5.0, P<0.001), and no change in adrenocortical responsiveness (t(31) = 1.2, P=0.22). In univariate analysis between-subject differences were significant for dexamethasone suppression test (F(61) = 163, P<0.001), and for anxiety/depression (F(61) = 21.3, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise alleviated pain, functional disability and anxiety/depression, also improved adrenocortical responsiveness in patients with chronic low back pain with dexamethasone suppression test positive values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, Greece. dim_chatzi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chatzitheodorou
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mavromoustakos
authors.forename: Styliani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milioti
mesh_terms: D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000304:Adrenal Cortex Function Tests; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone