title: Even one star at A level could be "too little, too late" for medical student selection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More and more medical school applicants in England and Wales are gaining the maximum grade at A level of AAA, and the UK Government has now agreed to pilot the introduction of a new A* grade. This study assessed the likely utility of additional grades of A* or of A**.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis of university selection data collected by the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), consisting of data from 1,484,650 applicants to UCAS for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005, of whom 23,628 were medical school applicants, and of these 14,510 were medical school entrants from the UK, aged under 21, and with three or four A level results. The main outcome measure was the number of points scored by applicants in their best three A level subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Censored normal distributions showed a good fit to the data using maximum likelihood modelling. If it were the case that A* grades had already been introduced, then at present about 11% of medical school applicants and 18% of entrants would achieve the maximum score of 3 A*s. Projections for the years 2010, 2015 and 2020 suggest that about 26%, 35% and 46% of medical school entrants would have 3 A* grades.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although A* grades at A level will help in medical student selection, within a decade, a third of medical students will gain maximum grades. While revising the A level system there is a strong argument, as proposed in the Tomlinson Report, for introducing an A** grade.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. i.mcmanus@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dacre
mesh_terms: D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000592:standards*; D013337:Students, Medical; D014852:Wales