title: Postoperative analgesia and flap perfusion after pedicled TRAM flap reconstruction - continuous wound instillation with ropivacaine 0.2%. A pilot study.
abstract: Transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap surgery is a complex procedure characterised by an extensive wound site. We present a pilot study with 17 patients receiving continuous wound instillation with ropivacaine or isotonic saline. Patients undergoing TRAM flap surgery were included in the study and randomised to the ropi group or the control group. Two catheters were placed subcutaneously before wound site closure. At the end of surgery patients received a single shot dose of 20 ml ropivacaine 0.2% or isotonic saline. After surgery the continuous instillation of ropivacaine or isotonic saline was commenced at an infusion rate of 10 ml/h per catheter. The perfusion of the TRAM flap was measured intraoperatively and postoperatively over 48 h. Pain scores, patient satisfaction, and the quality of recovery score were also assessed postoperatively over 48 h. Ropivacaine plasma levels were quantified 24 and 48 h after start of infusion. Pain scores at rest and on coughing were lower for the ropi group and reached significance in the first 8h at rest (P=0.007). Patient satisfaction, quality of recovery score, and adverse events were also comparable between the groups. Patients of the ropi group had bowel movement earlier than the control group (P=0.003). No differences were seen in the flap perfusion. Ropivacaine plasma levels were within therapeutic range. Our data show a trend that continuous wound instillation of ropivacaine 0.2% increases pain relief after TRAM flap surgery with earlier bowel movement than intravenous opioid patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) alone. A does of 960 mg of ropivacaine daily did not result in toxic plasma concentrations. Ropivacaine 0.2% did not show a vasoconstrictor effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. oguzhan.dagtekin@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: Oguzhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dagtekin
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hotz
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kampe
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auweiler
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine