title: The breath ammonia measurement of the hemodialysis with a QCM-NH3 sensor.
abstract: Recently, expired gases are analyzed non-invasively for monitoring the substances in the blood. Breath ammonia has been shown to correlate with BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and Cr (creatinine), both of which are indicators of solute removal in hemodialysis. In this study, breath ammonia concentration was continuously measured using a crystal oscillator QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) during the expiration of patients undergoing dialysis treatment. The results show that NH3 (ammonia) decreased gradually as the treatment proceeded. A strong correlation was observed between changes in the frequency of the QCM gas sensor and both the pre-dialysis BUN level (r=0.71, p<0.05) and the post-dialysis BUN level (r=0.90, p<0.05). NH3 was found to fall precipitously during dialysis. The differences were statistically significant. In addition, we found a statistically significant correlation between BUN and NH3 in expired gas. These results suggest that continuous measurement of NH3 is useful to assess the status of solute removal during hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan. ishida@gaku-oki.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satou
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kosaki
authors.forename: Seimei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiratori
authors.forename: Tetuzou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation; D003404:Creatinine / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D000641:Ammonia; D003404:Creatinine