title: Profound effects of burn and ethanol on proinflammatory cytokines of the reproductive axis in the male mouse.
abstract: Thermal injury is often associated with previous ethanol exposure, and close to 50% of patients admitted to a burn unit have a potentially high blood ethanol level. Cellular mechanisms by which ethanol and/or burn affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis are not entirely understood. However, it is known that the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 influence negatively on the endocrine functions of the HPG. We report a time course study (6, 12, 24, and 48 hours) of the effects of ethanol, burn, or the combination of burn/ethanol on proinflammatory cytokines of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testes of male C57Bl/6 mice. We found that there were highly significant increases in each of these cytokines caused by ethanol, burn, and burn/ethanol compared with sham/vehicle (P < .001). This was true in hypothalamus, pituitary, and testes. Because these cytokines generally reduce reproductive function, it may be that proinflammatory cytokines of HPG axis mediate the deleterious effects of burn and/or ethanol on mammalian reproduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 69153, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Emanuele
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: LaPaglia
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gamelli
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Emanuele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D013739:Testosterone