title: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA damage response genes are associated with overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this study were to determine if single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA damage repair genes and cell cycle regulating genes affect clinical response to combined gemcitabine radiation therapy and the overall survival (OS) of patients with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated six single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ATM, ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), CHEK1, and CHEK2 genes in 119 patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer who were enrolled in clinical trials at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center from February 1999 to January 2006, with follow-up until February 2007. Patients received neoadjuvant concurrent gemcitabine and radiation therapy with or without gemcitabine-cisplatin induction therapy. Genotypes were determined and tested for associations with OS by Kaplan-Meier estimation, the log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. P values of <or=0.05 were considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ATM G60A and CHEK1 G35A genotypes were significant (P<0.05), and the ATR C340T genotype borderline significantly (P=0.079) associated with OS. The hazard ratio of CHEK1 35AA was 2.01 (95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.37; P=0.007) compared with CHEK1 35GG/GA with adjustments for race, sex, diabetes status, CA19-9 level, and success of tumor resection. A significant combined genotype effect was observed between ATM 60GA/GG, ATR 340CT/CC, and CHEK1 35AA with median OS times of 31.0, 16.2, and 10.5 months for patients carrying <or=1, 2, and 3 deleterious alleles, respectively (P=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that polymorphic variations of DNA damage response genes affect clinical response to gemcitabine radiation therapy and OS of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011878:Radiotherapy; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine