title: Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits 17beta-estradiol-induced proliferation and fails to activate androgen and estrogen receptors in MCF7 human breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exerts palliative effects in cancer patients, but produces adverse effects on the endocrine and reproductive systems. Experimental evidence concerning such effects is controversial. Whether THC exhibits estrogenic or androgenic activity in vitro was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Estrogenic effects of THC were analyzed in vitro by measuring the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive MCF7 cells. Androgenic activity was investigated by the A-Screen assay that measures androgen-dependent inhibition of proliferation of the androgen receptor (AR)-positive human mammary carcinoma cell line, MCF7-AR1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to 17beta-estradiol, included as positive control with an EC50 value (concentration required for 50% of maximal 17beta-estradiol-induced proliferation) of 1.00 x 10(-12) M, THC failed to induce cell proliferation in the MCF7 cell line at concentrations between 10(-13) and 10(-4) M. THC inhibited 17beta-estradiol-induced proliferation in wild-type MCF7 and MCF7-AR1 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.6 x 10(-5) M and 9 x 10(-6) M, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  THC failed to act as an estrogen, but antagonized 17beta-estradiol-induced proliferation. This effect was independent of the AR expression level.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Andre.vonBueren@kispi.uzh.ch
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: von Bueren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlumpf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lichtensteiger
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D004958:Estradiol; D013759:Dronabinol