title: Improving vaccine delivery using novel adjuvant systems.
abstract: Adjuvants have been common additions to vaccines to help facilitate vaccine delivery. With advancements in vaccine technology, several adjuvants which activate immune specific responses have emerged. Available data show these adjuvants elicit important immune responses in both healthy and immunocompromised populations, as well as the elderly. Guidelines for the use and licensure of vaccine adjuvants remain under discussion. However, there is a greater understanding of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the realization of the need for immune specific adjuvants appears to be growing. This is a focused review of four adjuvants currently in clinical trial development: ASO4, ASO2A, CPG 7907, and GM-CSF. The vaccines including these adjuvants are highly relevant today, and are expected to reduce the disease burden of cervical cancer, hepatitis B and malaria.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. michael_pichichero@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pichichero
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D008050:Lipid A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C501939:ASO2A adjuvant; C532963:ASO4 mixture; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008050:Lipid A; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C483020:ProMune; D012503:Saponins; D014612:Vaccines; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor