title: Combination external beam radiation and brachytherapy boost with androgen suppression for treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer: an initial report of CALGB 99809.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transperineal prostate brachytherapy (TPPB) can be used with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) to provide a high-dose conformal boost to the prostate. The results of a multicenter Phase II trial assessing safety of combination of EBRT and TPPB boost with androgen suppression (AST) in treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer are present here.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients had intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Six months of AST was administered. EBRT to the prostate and seminal vesicles was administered to 45Gy followed by TPPB using either (125)I or (103)Pd to deliver an additional 100Gy or 90Gy. Toxicity was graded using the National Cancer Institute CTC version 2 and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group late radiation morbidity scoring systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three patients were enrolled. Median follow-up was 38 months. Side effects of AST including sexual dysfunction and vasomotor symptoms were commonly observed. Apart from erectile dysfunction, short-term Grade 2 and 3 toxicity was noted in 21% and 7%, primarily genitourinary related. Long-term Grade 2 and 3 toxicities were noted in 13% and 3%. Two patients had Grade 3 dysuria that resolved with longer follow-up. The most common Grade 2 long-term toxicity was urinary frequency (5%). No biochemical or clinical evidence of progression was noted for the entire cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cooperative group setting, combination EBRT and TPPB boost with 6 months of AST was generally well tolerated with expected genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicities. Further follow-up will be required to fully assess long-term toxicity and cancer control.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber/Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: San-San
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Lamar S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: McGinnis
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keuttel
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dibiase
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Small
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000728:Androgens / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010165:Palladium / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D015415:Biomarkers; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen