title: Advancing the spontaneous hypertensive rat model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: To advance the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), experiments examined the SHR in tasks recognized to assess functioning of the prefrontal cortex or dorsal striatal. Tasks included odor-delayed win-shift (nonspatial working and reference memory), win-stay (habit learning), and attentional set-shifting (attention and behavioral flexibility). In Experiment 1, the SHR strain was compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar-Kyoto Hypertensive (WKHT) strains on the first 2 tasks. In Experiment 2, oral methylphenidate (1.5 mg/kg) and vehicle (water) were evaluated on all 3 tasks in SHR and WKY strains. Results demonstrated that the SHR made significantly more errors in the odor-delayed win-shift, win-stay, and attentional set-shifting tasks compared with the WKY. Similar performances in the WKY and WKHT indicated that deficits observed in the SHR were not related solely to hypertension. Treating the SHR with methylphenidate eliminated strain differences in all 3 tasks. These findings provide evidence that the SHR is a valid model for studying ADHD-associated neurocognitive deficits. Moreover, the current behavioral approach is appropriate to assess novel medications developed to target ADHD-associated neurocognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, CELEST Science of Learning Center, Boston University, MA 02215, USA. kkantak@bu.edu
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kantak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kerstetter
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dembro
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mutebi
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Deschepper
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dwoskin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012718:Set, Psychology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate