title: EUS and/or EUS-guided FNA in patients with CT and/or magnetic resonance imaging findings of enlarged pancreatic head or dilated pancreatic duct with or without a dilated common bile duct.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incidental findings of an enlarged head of pancreas (HOP) or dilated pancreatic duct (PD) with or without a dilated common bile duct (CBD) on CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients without obstructive jaundice, raise suspicion for a pancreatic neoplasm, but their clinical significance has not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of pancreatic neoplasm in this patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a prospective database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary-care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients without obstructive jaundice at initial presentation, who underwent EUS and/or EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) for an abnormal CT and/or MRI with an enlarged HOP (n = 67) or a PD with or without a dilated CBD (n = 43). The final diagnosis was based on definitive cytology, surgical pathology, and clinical follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  An EUS examination was performed by using a radial echoendoscopy followed by a linear echoendoscopy, if a focal pancreatic lesion was identified. Fine-needle aspirates were stained with Diff-Quik and Papanicolaou's methods, and were immediately assessed by an attending cytopathologist.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) The prevalence of pancreatic neoplasms and (2) performance characteristics of EUS-FNA for identifying malignant neoplasm, in this patient group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 110 study patients, the final diagnosis included adenocarcinoma (n = 7), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 1), neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1), tumor metastasis (n = 1), and benign cyst (n = 3). Thirty-two patients had EUS evidence of chronic pancreatitis, and, in the remaining 65 patients, the pancreas was normal. The accuracy of EUS and EUS-FNA for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasm in these patients was 99.1%, with 88.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 99% negative predicative value, and 100% positive predictive value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A retrospective design and surgical confirmation in only a small number of study patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pancreatic neoplasm is seen in a clinically significant number of patients with "enlarged HOP" or "dilated PD with or without a dilated CBD" but without obstructive jaundice. EUS-FNA seems highly accurate for diagnosing pancreatic neoplasm in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Banke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Naveen B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Labundy
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Safdar
authors.forename: Ece I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Akduman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods