title: A new scoring system to predicting the survival of patients treated with whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create a scoring system to estimate survival of patients who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on a multivariate analysis of 1,085 retrospectively analyzed patients, a scoring system was developed. This score was based on the four significant prognostic factors found in the multivariate analysis including: age, performance status, extracranial metastases at the time of WBRT, and interval between tumor diagnosis and WBRT. The score for each prognostic factor was determined by dividing the 6-month survival rate (in %) by 10. The total score represented the sum of the partial scores for each prognostic factor. Total scores ranged from 9 to 18 points, and patients were divided into four groups. For each group, survival was compared for short-course (5 x 4 Gy) versus longer-course WBRT (10 x 3 Gy/20 x 2 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actuarial 6-month survival rates were 6% for patients with scores of 9-10 points, 15% for those with scores of 11-13 points, 43% for those with scores of 14-16 points, and 76% for those with scores of 17-18 points (p < 0.001). Longer-course WBRT was not associated with better survival than short-course WBRT in any of the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with brain metastases receiving WBRT can be grouped with this score to estimate survival. Short-course and longer-course WBRT resulted in similar survival in all groups studied. However, in the more favorable patients with scores of 17-18, longer-course WBRT with lower doses per fraction should be considered, as these schedules have been associated with less neurocognitive toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany. Rades.Dirk@gmx.net
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rades
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunst
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D047368:Tumor Burden