title: The cost-effectiveness of syndromic management for male sexually transmitted disease patients with urethral discharge symptoms and genital ulcer disease in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the cost-effectiveness of syndromic management for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in comparison with the strategies currently used in STD clinics in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2004 and June 2005, all male patients with genitourinary symptoms attending two hospitals were included in this study. Current clinical procedures (presumptive treatment and laboratory tests), aetiological diagnosis and syndromic management were compared in terms of diagnostic accuracy, treatment appropriateness, costs and effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  473 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. 335 patients (71%) had urethral symptoms (discharge, dysuria or painful urination) and 138 (29%) had genital ulcers, sores and skin rashes. For the current approach, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of chlamydial, gonococcal and combined forms of infection were 100%, 40.0% and 60.4%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity, specificity and PPV for the detection of syphilis were 100%, 86.7% and 70.2%, respectively. For syndromic management, the sensitivity, specificity and PPV detection of chlamydial, gonococcal and combined forms of infection were 85.0%, 40.0% and 56.4%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity, specificity and PPV for the detection of syphilis were 78.8%, 18.1% and 23.2%, respectively. The average cost of implementing a correct treatment using the current approach was US$54.27 and US$30.74 for urethritis and syphilis, respectively. For the aetiological approach, the average cost of implementing a correct treatment was US$32.83 and US$21.58 for urethritis and syphilis, respectively. For the syndromic approach, the average cost for a correct treatment was US$3.86 and US$14.30 for urethritis and syphilis, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of patients attending STD clinics in Taiwan, syndromic management was found to be a more cost-effective protocol in terms of cost per treated STD patient compared with the current and aetiological protocols for STD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No 1 University Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L-H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017280:Condoms / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006266:Health Education / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D013624:Taiwan; D014456:Ulcer / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D014526:Urethritis / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents