title: Direct trocar insertion technique: an alternative for creation of pneumoperitoneum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The direct trocar insertion technique (DTI) for the creation of pneumoperitoneum has been described as an alternative to open and Veress needle (VN) techniques. This study assesses the safety and feasibility of direct trocar insertion without a pre-existing pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 2001 to February 2006, we retrospectively studied 196 (146 women and 50 men) consecutive patients. A single consultant laparoscopic surgeon performed all operations. The mean patient age was 57 years (range, 22 to 81). The procedures included 186 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, 3 laparoscopic appendectomies, 1 laparoscopic Nissen, 5 laparoscopic groin hernia repairs, and 1 conversion to open surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Creation of pneumoperitoneum with DTI was feasible in 99.5% of patients. No major complications were associated with the technique. Immediate minor postoperative complications included 1 (0.5%) wound infection and 3 (1.5%) hematomas. At mean follow-up of 23 months, 4 (2%) umbilical wound stitch granulomas and 1 (0.5%) incisional hernia from the umbilical port site were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that that when performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon the direct trocar insertion technique is a safe and effective alternative for creation of pneumoperitoneum.
authors.affiliation: Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, London, United Kingdom. kattheod@aol.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lethaby
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bradpiece
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parihar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013525:Surgical Instruments