title: Sinus augmentation using human mesenchymal stem cells loaded into a beta-tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite scaffold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Implant placement in the posterior maxilla may often be contraindicated because of insufficient bone volume and presence of the maxillary sinus. In these situations, sinus floor augmentation frequently has been proposed as the best treatment. This clinical study was based on the hypothesis that the clinical effectiveness of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) loaded to the biphasic scaffold.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this report, the clinical and radiographic results are presented on 6 consecutively treated patients using MSCs in combination with biphasic hydroxyl apatite/ beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) for sinus elevation. All the patients in the study had less than 3 mm initial bone height in the posterior maxillary area (IBH). MSCs were cultured and expanded from bone marrow aspirate for each patient. Three months after sinus elevation, radiographic evaluation was performed for the patients and the secondary bone height was measured (SBH(1)). In the second stage surgery, 30 implants were placed. Trephine bur was used as a pilot drill and a core biopsy was obtained from each implant site. Prosthetic rehabilitation of the patients was performed after 4 months. Secondary bone height was measured 9 months after implant placement (SBH(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 30 implants, 28 (93%) were considered clinically successful. Two implants were removed due to mobility at the time of surgical exposure. Histologic evaluation of the biopsy specimens revealed numerous areas of osteoid and bone formation HA/TCP, with no evidence of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Mean bone regenerate was 41.34%. Clinically, no complications were observed, and all implants were considered clinically osseointegrated after 4 months. Mean bone height was measured 3 and 12 months after sinus grafting (mean of SBH(1)= 12.08 mm and mean of SBH(2)= 10.08 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These clinical and histological findings suggest that sinus grafting with HA/TCP in combination with MSCs provide a viable therapeutic alternative for implant placement. The findings suggest that the addition of MSCs to bone derivative/substitute materials may enhance bone formation in the maxillary sinus area. Of course more studies with the control groups are needed for the evaluation of this method as a clinical solution for the patients.
authors.affiliation: Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yadollah Soleymani
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shayesteh
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khojasteh
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikhasi
authors.forename: Ahad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoshzaban
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmadbeigi
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D053687:Adult Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001706:Biopsy; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003094:Collagen; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite