title: Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are inducers of mitotic homologous recombination in the wing-spot test of Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: In this study, the widespread environmental pollutants 1-nitronaphthalene (1NN), 1,5-dinitronaphthalene (1,5DNN), 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) and 9-nitroanthracene (9NA), were investigated for genotoxicity in the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of Drosophila--using the high bioactivation (HB) cross. Our in vivo experiments demonstrated that all compounds assessed induced genetic toxicity, causing increased incidence of homologous somatic recombination. 2NF, 9NA and 1NN mutant clone induction is almost exclusively related to somatic recombination, although 1,5DNN-clone induction depends on both mutagenic and recombinagenic events. 1NN has the highest recombinagenic activity (approximately 100%), followed by 2NF (approximately 77%), 9NA (approximately 75%) and 1,5DNN (33%). 1NN is the compound with the strongest genotoxicity, with 9NA being approximately 40 times less potent than the former and 2NF and 1,5DNN approximately 333 times less potent than 1NN. The evidence indicating that the major effect observed in this study is an increased frequency of mitotic recombination emphasizes another hazard that could be associated to NPAHs--the increment in homologous recombination (HR).
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dihl
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bereta
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reguly
authors.forename: H H R
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000633:toxicity; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000633:toxicity; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005449:Fluorenes; D009153:Mutagens; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C019499:2-nitrofluorene; C016614:1-nitronaphthalene; C035016:9-nitroanthracene; C429684:1,5-dinitronaphthalene