title: Pulsed electric field treatment as a potential method for microbial inactivation in scaffold materials for tissue engineering: the inactivation of bacteria in collagen gel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment as a new method for inactivation of micro-organisms in complex biomatrices and to assess this by quantifying the inactivation of Escherichia coli seeded in collagen gels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PEF was applied to E. coli seeded collagen gels in static (nonflowing) chambers. The influence of electric field strength, pulse number and seeded cell densities were investigated. The highest level of inactivation was obtained at the maximum field strength of 45 kV cm(-1). For low levels of E. coli contamination (10(3) CFU ml(-1)), PEF treatment resulted in no viable E. coli being recovered from the gels. However, PEF treatment of gels containing higher cell densities (>or=10(4) CFU ml(-1)) did not achieve complete inactivation of E. coli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEF treatment successfully inactivated E. coli seeded in collagen gels by 3 log(10) CFU ml(-1). Complete inactivation was hindered at high cell densities by the tailing effect observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEF shows potential as a novel, nondestructive method for decontamination of collagen-based matrices. Further investigation is required to ensure its compatibility with other proteins and therapeutic drugs for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Walle
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Beveridge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helen Grant
mesh_terms: D003094:Collagen; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000382:microbiology; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D003094:Collagen