title: Is N-cadherin expression important in ductal carcinoma?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neural (N)-cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule that is associated with invasive tumors in breast cancer, but no association with grade or nodal status has been shown in previous studies. The present study examined the expression of N-cadherin in human breast cancer and assessed its prognostic value in long-term patient follow-up (10 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, the number of N-cadherin transcripts in normal breasts (n = 32) and infiltrating ductal carcinomas (n = 90) was assessed. The results were then analyzed in relation to grade, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, TNM stage, Nottingham Prognostic Index, and survival over 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of N-cadherin transcripts (normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) in primary tumors were lower in patients with metastases (P = 0.05), with local recurrence (P = 0.037), and those who died as a result of breast cancer (P = 0.038). There was no significant association with grade, nodal status, TNM stage, or Nottingham Prognostic Index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ductal carcinomas, decreased levels of N-cadherin (normalized to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) in primary tumors correlate with local recurrence and death in long-term follow-up of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA. jking@usouthal.edu
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Lalita A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shevde
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ofori-Acquah
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Wen G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins