title: Lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of low back pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lumbar supports are used in the treatment of low-back pain patients, to prevent the onset of low-back pain (primary prevention) or to prevent recurrences of a low-back pain episode (secondary prevention).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of non-specific low-back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We updated the search in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL to December 2006. We also screened references given in relevant reviews and identified trials, and contacted experts to identify additional RCTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trials that reported on any type of lumbar supports as preventive or therapeutic intervention for non-specific low-back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  One review author generated the electronic search. Two review authors independently identified trials that met the inclusion criteria. One review author extracted data on the study population, interventions, and final results. The methodological quality and the clinical relevance were independently assessed by two review authors. Because it was not possible to perform a quantitative analysis, we performed a qualitative analysis in which the strength of evidence on the effectiveness of lumbar supports was classified as strong, moderate, limited, conflicting, or no evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven preventive studies (14,437 people) and eight treatment studies (1361 people) were included in this updated review. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was rather low. Only five of the fifteen studies met 50% or more of the internal validity items. There was moderate evidence that lumbar supports are not more effective than no intervention or training in preventing low-back pain, and conflicting evidence whether lumbar supports are effective supplements to other preventive interventions. It is still unclear if lumbar supports are more effective than no or other interventions for the treatment of low-back pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is moderate evidence that lumbar supports are not more effective than no intervention or training in preventing low-back pain, and conflicting evidence whether they are effective supplements to other preventive interventions. It remains unclear whether lumbar supports are more effective than no or other interventions for treating low-back pain. There is still a need for high quality randomized trials on the effectiveness of lumbar supports. One of the most essential issues to tackle in these future trials seems to be the realization of an adequate compliance. Special attention should be paid to different outcome measures, types of patients and types of lumbar support.
authors.affiliation: Hogeschool van Amsterdam, Amsterdam School for Health Professions (ASHP), Tafelbergweg 51, Amsterdam-Zuidoost, Netherlands, 1105 BD. i.c.d.van.duijvenbode@hva.nl
authors.forename: I C D
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: van Duijvenbode
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jellema
authors.forename: M N M
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: van Poppel
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: van Tulder
mesh_terms: D001915:Braces; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic