Metabolic syndrome associated with toenail onychomycosis in Taiwanese with diabetes mellitus.
BACKGROUND
Onychomycosis is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which has a deleterious impact on the quality of life. Aim To explore the prevalence of onychomycosis amongst Taiwanese diabetics, and to analyze the factors associated with onychomycosis after adjusting for age and sex.


METHODS
A total of 1245 Taiwanese diabetics were enrolled, and a nested case-control study was performed by onychomycosis outcome and the exposures were compared.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of onychomycosis among DM patients was 30.76% (383/1245), with a significantly higher prevalence in men than in women (P = 0.024). The factors associated with onychomycosis in matched pairs by gender and age were analyzed in 375 pairs. It was found that metabolic syndrome, obesity, triglyceride (TG) levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were associated with onychomycosis (P < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Higher prevalence rates of onychomycosis were found in men and older DM patients. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, high TG levels, and poor glycemic control were associated with onychomycosis.
Chang
Shun-Jen
SJ
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Hsu
Shih-Chieh
SC
Tien
Kai-Jen
KJ
Hsiao
Jeng-Yueh
JY
Lin
Shiu-Ru
SR
Chen
Hung-Chun
HC
Hsieh
Ming-Chia
MC
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human