title: Observational Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior, Part I: reliability of the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reliability of the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS), a new observational method for assessing preschool disruptive behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DB-DOS is a structured clinic-based assessment designed to elicit clinically salient behaviors relevant to the diagnosis of disruptive behavior in preschoolers. Child behavior is assessed in three interactional contexts that vary by partner (parent versus examiner) and level of support provided. Twenty-one disruptive behaviors are coded within two domains: problems in Behavioral Regulation and problems in Anger Modulation. A total of 364 referred and nonreferred preschoolers participated: interrater reliability and internal consistency were assessed on a primary sample (n = 335) and test-retest reliability was assessed in a separate sample (n = 29).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DB-DOS demonstrated good interrater and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an excellent fit of the DB-DOS multidomain model of disruptive behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DB-DOS is a reliable observational tool for clinic-based assessment of preschool disruptive behavior. This standardized assessment method holds promise for advancing developmentally sensitive characterization of preschool psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.. Electronic address: lwakschlag@psych.uic.edu.
authors.forename: Lauren S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wakschlag
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Carri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Danis
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Bennett L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Domenic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cicchetti
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maskowitz
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Drs. Wakschlag, Hill, Danis, and Leventhal, Ms. Maskowitz, and Mr. Burns are with the Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; Dr. Keenan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago; Dr. Egger is with the Department of Psychiatry, Duke University; Dr. Cicchetti is with the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University; Dr. Briggs-Gowan is with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut; and Dr. Carter is with the Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Briggs-Gowan
mesh_terms: D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012931:Social Environment