title: Application of experimental stressors in laboratory rodents.
abstract: This unit presents eight separate stressor protocols for laboratory rodents. Stress induction is a critical element in the study of neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining a state of stress. The first four procedures, immobilization, footshock, swimming, and noise, involve acute exposure to noxious stimuli. The next three procedures, social isolation, resident/intruder aggression, and maternal deprivation, induce social disruption by withdrawal from a group housing condition, attack within the unfamiliar territory of a dominant male, or segregation of a preweanling pup from its mother, respectively. The final procedure, sleep deprivation, involves passive denial of the opportunity to sleep. Support protocols are provided to address the need for environmental acclimation and calming procedures prior to any stress-related studies (including, for rats, handling of the animals as a calming measure) and to detail a simple method of quantifying the response to a given stressor by direct measurement of levels of the stress hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone.
authors.affiliation: Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Heinrichs
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Koob
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D005239:Fear; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D012934:Social Isolation; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone