title: The effect of darapladib on plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with stable coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalent: the results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effects of darapladib, a selective lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) inhibitor, on biomarkers of cardiovascular (CV) risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Elevated Lp-PLA(2) levels are associated with an increased risk of CV events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHD-risk equivalent patients (n = 959) receiving atorvastatin (20 or 80 mg) were randomized to oral darapladib 40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg, or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for Lp-PLA(2) activity and other biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was 67 +/- 22 mg/dl. Plasma Lp-PLA(2) was higher in older patients (>or=75 years), in men, in those taking atorvastatin 20 mg, at LDL-C >or=70 mg/dl or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dl, or in those with documented vascular disease (multivariate regression; p < 0.01). Darapladib 40, 80, and 160 mg inhibited Lp-PLA(2) activity by approximately 43%, 55%, and 66% compared with placebo (p < 0.001 weeks 4 and 12). Sustained dose-dependent inhibition was noted overall in both atorvastatin groups and at different baseline LDL-C (>or=70 vs. <70 mg/dl) and HDL-C (<40 vs. >or=40 mg/dl). At 12 weeks, darapladib 160 mg decreased interleukin (IL)-6 by 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] -22% to -1%; p = 0.028) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by 13.0% (95% CI -28% to +5%; p = 0.15) compared with placebo. The Lp-PLA(2) inhibition produced no detrimental effects on platelet biomarkers (P-selectin, CD40 ligand, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B(2)). No major safety concerns were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Darapladib produced sustained inhibition of plasma Lp-PLA(2) activity in patients receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy. Changes in IL-6 and hs-CRP after 12 weeks of darapladib 160 mg suggest a possible reduction in inflammatory burden. Further studies will determine whether Lp-PLA(2) inhibition is associated with favorable effects on CV events.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. mohlere@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Emile R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mohler
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Markolf
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanefeld
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruilope
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalewski
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004048:Diethylamines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013440:Sulfides
chemical_list: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D015415:Biomarkers; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007378:Interleukins; D010091:Oximes; D011758:Pyrroles; C529040:darapladib; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004048:Diethylamines; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013440:Sulfides