Ammonia-oxidizing archaea: important players in paddy rhizosphere soil?
The diversity (richness and community composition) of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in paddy soil with different nitrogen (N) fertilizer amendments for 5 weeks were investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) jand clone library analysis based on the ammonia monooxygenase alpha-subunit (amoA) gene. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea predominated among ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in the paddy soil, and the AOA:AOB DNA-targeted amoA gene ratios ranged from 1.2 to 69.3. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil. Rice cultivation led to greater abundance of AOA than AOB amoA gene copies and to differences in AOA and AOB community composition. These results show that AOA is dominant in the rhizosphere paddy soil in this study, and we assume that AOA were influenced more by exudation from rice root (e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide) than AOB.
Chen
Xue-Ping
XP
Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Zhu
Yong-Guan
YG
Xia
Yue
Y
Shen
Ju-Pei
JP
He
Ji-Zheng
JZ
D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D001105:Archaea / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D053833:Wetlands
D000641:Ammonia; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C045582:ammonia monooxygenase