title: Management of boys with nonpalpable undescended testis.
abstract: Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genitourinary disorders in young boys. Although the management of boys with palpable testis is standardized, there are no formal guidelines for the management of boys with nonpalpable testis. In this Review we look at the current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder, as well as the indications for therapy and surgical procedures. On the basis of current evidence, we find that there is no optimum orchidopexy technique for the treatment of intra-abdominal testis, although it is preferable to adopt techniques that preserve the spermatic vessels. We also briefly examine the follow-up of patients with this disorder and its common complications. As yet, there are no data that assess the potential of laparoscopic orchidopexy being a risk factor for impaired fertility later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. ciroespo@unina.it
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Caldamone
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Settimi
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Ghoneimi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone