title: Marked variation in predicted and observed variability of tandem repeat loci across the human genome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tandem repeat (TR) variants in the human genome play key roles in a number of diseases. However, current models predicting variability are based on limited training sets. We conducted a systematic analysis of TRs of unit lengths 2-12 nucleotides in Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequences to define the extent of variation of 209,214 unique repeat loci throughout the genome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We applied a multivariate statistical model to predict TR variability. Predicted heterozygosity correlated with heterozygosity in the CEPH polymorphism database (correlation rho = 0.29, p < 0.0005) better than the correlation between the CEPH and WGS data (rho = 0.17), presumably because the model smoothes noise from small sample sizes. A multivariate logistic model of 8 parameters accounted for 36% of the variation in the WGS data. Validation studies of 70 experimentally investigated TRs revealed high concordance with the model's predictions (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variability among 2-12-mer TRs in the genome can be modeled by a few parameters, which do not markedly differ according to unit length, consistent with a common mechanism for the generation of variability among such TRs. Analysis of the distributions of observed and predicted variants across the genome showed a general concordance, indicating that the repeat variation dataset does not exhibit strong regional ascertainment biases. This revealed a deficit of variant repeats in chromosomes 19 and Y - likely to reflect a reduction in 2-mer repeats in the former and a reduced level of recombination in the latter - and excesses in chromosomes 6, 13, 20 and 21.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland. codushlaine@gmail.com
authors.forename: Colm T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: O'Dushlaine
authors.forename: Denis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*