title: Optimizing delivery of flurbiprofen to the colon using a targeted prodrug approach.
abstract: The carboxylic group responsible for the gastric side-effects of the propionic acid derivative, flurbiprofen, was masked temporarily to overcome these side-effects and to accomplish colon-specific delivery of the drug. An amide prodrug (FLU-GLY) was synthesized by coupling flurbiprofen with L-glycine. Confirmation and characterization of the structure of the synthesized prodrug included elemental analysis, Fourier transform (FT)-IR, FT-NMR, mass (FAB) spectroscopy, and determinations of R(f), R(t) and R(M) values, respectively. Aqueous solubility and lipophilicity (logP) value were determined at pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 and 7.4. In-vitro reversion of FLU-GLY to flurbiprofen was measured at different pHs and in a simulated colonic environment. Acute toxicity and ulceration potential were evaluated in-vivo in albino rats. Pre-formulation studies showed increased hydrophilicity but a non-significant increase in lipophilicity of the prodrug. In-vitro reversion studies suggested that the prodrug remained intact until colonic pH was attained, when the colonic microfloral enzymes (amidase) hydrolysed the FLU-GLY amide linkage, releasing the free drug. In-vivo evaluation indicated that the prodrug was much less toxic and had less ulcerogenic activity than the parent drug. Selective delivery of drugs to the colon can be useful in terms of reducing the dose administered and reducing undesirable side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura-286001, Uttar Pradesh, India. anilphilip@sancharnet.in
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: Rajesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Kamla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pathak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D003106:Colon; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011355:Prodrugs; D005480:Flurbiprofen; D005998:Glycine