title: Lornoxicam characteristically modulates cerebral pain-processing in human volunteers: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lornoxicam like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is widely used for postoperative pain therapy. Evaluation of the effect of lornoxicam on cerebral processing of surgical pain was thus the aim of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An fMRI-compatible pain model that mimics surgical pain was used to induce pain rated 4-5 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at the anterior margin of the right tibia in volunteers (n=22) after i.v. administration of saline (n=11) or lornoxicam (0.1 mg kg(-1)) (n=11).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lornoxicam, which significantly reduced pain sensation [VAS: mean (sd) 4.6 (0.7) vs 1.2 (1.5)], completely suppressed pain-induced activation in the SII/operculum, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, parietal (inferior), prefrontal (inferior, medial), temporal (inferior, medial/superior) lobe, cerebellum, and contralateral (e.g. left-sided) postcentral gyrus (SI). Only the hippocampus and the contralateral superior parietal lobe (BA 7) were activated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with saline, lornoxicam typically suppressed pain-induced brain activation in all regions except the hippocampus. Furthermore, de novo activation was found in the contralateral, superior parietal lobe (BA 7).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University (MUI), A-6020 Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Austria.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnürer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tiefenthaler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohlrieder
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schocke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esterhammer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ischebeck
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kolbitsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; C059451:lornoxicam