title: Ejaculatory duct obstruction.
abstract: Ejaculatory duct obstruction presents with infertility, pain, or hematospermia. Partial or functional forms of ejaculatory duct obstruction can be difficult to diagnose. Transrectal ultrasound has replaced formal vasography as the first-line diagnostic test but is not specific. Adjunctive procedures such as seminal vesicle aspiration, seminal vesiculography, and chromotubation further delineate the diagnosis. Using an evidence-based approach, this article reviews how best to approach the diagnosis and treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Turek
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004543:Ejaculatory Ducts; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male