title: Individual and combined effects of methamphetamine and ketamine on conditioned place preference and NR1 receptor phosphorylation in rats.
abstract: Methamphetamine (MA), a commonly abused psychostimulant, induces the drug dependence by enhancing the dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. Ketamine (KET) is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which can be actually mixed with MA for polydrug abuse. In the present study, the individual and combined effects of KET (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and MA (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on conditioned place preference in rats were investigated. The alterations of serine 897 phosphorylations of NR1 receptors in the striatum and ventral tegmental area of after-conditioning rats were measured immunochemically. The results showed repeated administrations of MA, KET and their combination, at the doses studied, all could induce psychological dependences evaluated by conditioned place preference. KET was not able to suppress the MA-induced place preference. The modulations of NR1 phosphorylations in basal ganglia were partly responsible to place preference. Although the alterations induced by KET were not significant in most areas we studied, MA showed a significant increase in the ventral tegmental area but a marked decrease in caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. Such alterations were much more significant when KET and MA were combined. These results have important implications for public awareness of harm with combined drug abuse. Further investigations toward the specific interaction of the two drugs are necessary.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Z X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: K K L
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A W N
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000032:analysis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C409466:NR1 NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D010768:Phosphoserine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D007649:Ketamine