title: Alcohol consumption and metabolic syndrome among Shanghai adults: a randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relations of alcohol consumption to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Shanghai adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the randomized multistage stratified cluster sampling of Shanghai adults, who were evaluated for alcohol consumption and each component of metabolic syndrome, using the adapted U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Current alcohol consumption was defined as more than once of alcohol drinking per month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 3953 participants (1524 men) with a mean age of 54.3 +/- 12.1 years. Among them, 448 subjects (11.3%) were current alcohol drinkers, including 405 males and 43 females. After adjustment for age and sex, the prevalence of current alcohol drinking and metabolic syndrome in the general population of Shanghai was 13.0% and 15.3%, respectively. Compared with nondrinkers, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension was higher while the prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and diabetes mellitus was lower in subjects who consumed alcohol twice or more per month, with a trend toward reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Among the current alcohol drinkers, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, fasting plasma glucose, and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia tended to increase with increased alcohol consumption. However, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, prevalence of abdominal obesity, low serum HDL-C and metabolic syndrome showed the tendency to decrease. Moreover, these statistically significant differences were independent of gender and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current alcohol consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome irrespective of alcohol intake (g/d), and has a favorable influence on HDL-C, waist circumference, and possible diabetes mellitus. However, alcohol intake increases the likelihood of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia. The clinical significance of these findings needs further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Fatty Liver Disease, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China. fanjiangao@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jian-Gao
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Xiao-Bu
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Lui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xing-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies