title: Genetic analysis of Israel acute paralysis virus: distinct clusters are circulating in the United States.
abstract: Israel acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is associated with colony collapse disorder of honey bees. Nonetheless, its role in the pathogenesis of the disorder and its geographic distribution are unclear. Here, we report phylogenetic analysis of IAPV obtained from bees in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Israel and the establishment of diagnostic real-time PCR assays for IAPV detection. Our data indicate the existence of at least three distinct IAPV lineages, two of them circulating in the United States. Analysis of representatives from each proposed lineage suggested the possibility of recombination events and revealed differences in coding sequences that may have implications for virulence.
authors.affiliation: Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 1801, New York, NY 10032, USA. gp2050@columbia.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalkstein
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Honkavuori
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bussetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conlan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: vanEngelsdorp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Efrat
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cox-Foster
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Briese
authors.forename: W I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Lipkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001483:Base Sequence; D001516:Bees / Q000821:virology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003710:Demography; D007557:Israel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D010849:Picornaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers