title: Effects of sinus surgery on lung transplantation outcomes in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who are candidates for lung transplant, pretransplant sinus surgery has been advocated to avoid bacterial seeding of the transplanted lungs. This study reviews the 17-year experience of pretransplant sinus surgery among CF patients at a major transplant center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review was performed in all CF patients who underwent heart-lung or lung transplantation at Stanford Medical Center between 1988 and 2005. Postoperative culture data from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sinus aspirates were evaluated, in addition to survival data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-seven CF transplant recipients underwent pretransplant sinus surgery; 87% (n=59/68) of patients showed recolonization of the lung grafts with Pseudomonas on BAL cultures. The median postoperative time to recolonization was 19 days. Bacterial floras cultured from sinuses were similar in type and prevalence as the floras cultured from BAL. When compared with published series of comparable cohorts in which pretransplant sinus surgery was not performed, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Pseudomonas recolonization. Times to recolonization also were similar. Survival rates in our cohort were similar to national survival rates for CF lung transplant recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite pretransplant sinus surgery, recolonization of lung grafts occurs commonly and rapidly with a spectrum of flora that mimics the sinus flora. Survival rates of CF patients who undergo prophylactic sinus surgery are similar to those from centers where prophylactic sinus surgery is not performed routinely. Pretransplant sinus surgery does not appear to prevent lung graft recolonization and is not associated with overall survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Man-Kit
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Leelanand
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rachakonda
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weill
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D019737:Transplants / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome