title: Monospecies and multispecies probiotic formulations produce different systemic and local immunostimulatory effects in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.).
abstract: The effects of the oral administration of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus delbrüeckii ssp. lactis and Bacillus subtilis, individually or combined, on gilthead seabream immune responses were investigated both systemically and locally in the gut. In a first experiment, seabream (65 g) were fed for 3 weeks different diets supplemented with 1 x 10(7)CFU g(-1)Lactobacillus, 1 x 10(7)CFU g(-1)Bacillus, or 0.5 x 10(7)CFU g(-1)Lactobacillus plus 0.5 x 10(7)CFU g(-1)Bacillus. Controls were fed non-supplemented diet. Six fish per group were sampled at the end of the trial and some humoral and cellular systemic innate immune parameters were evaluated. Feeding the mixture of the two killed bacteria species significantly increased natural complement, serum peroxidase and phagocytic activities compared with controls. In a second experiment, juvenile seabream (13 g) were fed for 3 weeks the same experimental diets and total serum IgM and numbers of gut IgM(+) cells and acidophilic granulocytes were evaluated. All these parameters were significantly higher in the multispecies probiotic group compared to monospecies and control fed groups. The advantages provided by administration of killed probiotic bacteria as well as multispecies versus monospecies formulations are discussed in light of the results obtained and for their possible application in aquacultural practices.
authors.affiliation: Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abelli
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picchietti
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Furones
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meseguer
authors.forename: Maria Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D003165:Complement System Proteins