title: Disruption of signaling through SEK1 and MKK7 yields differential responses in hypoxic colon cancer cells treated with oxaliplatin.
abstract: Transcriptional changes in response to hypoxia are regulated in part through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling to activator protein 1 (AP-1), and thus contribute to resistance of cancer cells to therapy, including platinum compounds. A key role for JNK in pro-apoptotic signaling in hypoxic cells has previously been established. Here we analyze hypoxic signaling through MAPK kinases to AP-1/c-Jun in the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line, and observe activation of stress-activated pathways mediated predominantly by SEK1 and MKK7. In transient transfection assays, introduction of dominant-negative constructs for both MKK7 and SEK1 abolished hypoxia-induced AP-1 activation. Functional studies of the pathway using HT29-derived cell lines stably expressing mutant SEK1 or MKK7 showed impaired activation of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and AP-1 in response to hypoxia, more marked in MKK7-deficient than SEK1-deficient cells. Inhibition of SEK1 rendered hypoxic cells more sensitive to oxaliplatin in vitro, whereas the opposite effect was observed in MKK7-deficient cells. The mutant cell lines grown as mouse xenografts were treated with oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, or both. The SEK1-deficient tumors exhibited greater sensitivity to all treatments, whereas MKK7-deficient cells were resistant in vivo, consistent with in vitro observations. These data support a positive contribution of MKK7/JNK to oxaliplatin cytotoxicity and identify SEK1 as a potential target for reversal of hypoxic resistance to oxaliplatin.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, 1020 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. vasilevs@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Vasilevskaya
authors.forename: Muthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selvakumaran
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D048688:MAP Kinase Kinase 7