title: Using nurses and office staff to report prescribing errors in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement a prescribing-error reporting system in primary care offices and analyze the reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analysis of a voluntary prescribing-error-reporting system
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven primary care offices in Vermont, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and three prescribers, managers, nurses and office staff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nurses and office staff were asked to report all communications with community pharmacists regarding prescription problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  All reports were classified by severity category, setting, error mode, prescription domain and error-producing conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All practices submitted reports, although reporting decreased by 3.6 reports per month (95% CI, -2.7 to -4.4, P<0.001, by linear regression analysis). Two hundred and sixteen reports were submitted. Nearly 90% (142/165) of errors were severity Category B (errors that did not reach the patient) according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention Index for Categorizing Medication Errors. Nineteen errors reached the patient without causing harm (Category C); and 4 errors caused temporary harm requiring intervention (Category E). Errors involving strength were found in 30% of reports, including 23 prescriptions written for strengths not commercially available. Antidepressants, narcotics and antihypertensives were the most frequent drug classes reported. Participants completed an exit survey with a response rate of 84.5% (87/103). Nearly 90% (77/87) of respondents were willing to continue reporting after the study ended, however none of the participants currently submit reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses and office staff are a valuable resource for reporting prescribing errors. However, without ongoing reminders, the reporting system is not sustainable.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 371 Pearl Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. amanda.kennedy@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: Amanda G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Littenberg
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Senders
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors; D024802:Nurse's Role; D055553:Prescription Drugs; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs