title: Prophylactic implantation of inferior vena cava filter during endovascular therapies for deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremity: is it necessary?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is strong controversy as to whether to use filters temporarily in the inferior vena cava (IVC) during endovascular therapies for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the necessity of implantation of a retrievable inferior vena cava filter during treatment of DVT in the lower extremity using various endovascular techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studied were all 37 consecutive sessions of endovascular treatments performed in 34 patients with symptomatic lower-limb DVT between April 2001 and October 2006. In all sessions, a Gunther tulip retrievable vena cava filter (GTF) was implanted during the procedures. The degree of trapped thrombus in the filter was evaluated by repeated venocavography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implantation of a total of 66 GTFs was successfully performed in 37 sessions. Worsening of or new formation of pulmonary embolism was avoided in all patients. In 20 (54.1%) of the 37 sessions, a trapped thrombus in the filter was observed. In 14, the trapped thrombus was large, filling more than half the height of the filter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporary implantation of filters is effective in preventing pulmonary emboli during endovascular treatment of DVT in the lower extremities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. yamagami@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016306:Vena Cava Filters / Q000592:standards*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*