title: Thalidomide causes sinus bradycardia in ALS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroinflammation contributes to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Thalidomide (THL) shows potent anti-inflammatory properties and increased the lifespan in ALS transgenic mice. Thalidomide was therefore suggested as atherapeutic intervention for the treatment of ALS.We conducted a pilot, randomized clinical trial of THL in patients with ALS to assess safety, feasibility, and preliminary estimates of treatment efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to THL in combination with riluzole (n = 18) or riluzole alone (n = 19). THL was initiated at 100 mg per day for 6 weeks. Thereafter, the dose was increased every week by 50 mg until reaching the dose of 400 mg per day and planned to continue for another 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 12 weeks of THL treatment, nine THL patients (50%) developed bradycardia defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute (bpm) and ranged from 46 to 59 bpm. Mean heart rate dropped by 17 bpm with THL treatment. Severe symptomatic bradycardia of 30 bpm occurred in one patient. A further patient died from sudden unexpected death. The study was terminated prematurely for safety concerns. The secondary outcome variables showed similar results for both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bradycardia was the most common adverse event of THL treatment in ALS. THL-related bradycardia does not appear to be ALS-specific. It is conceivable, however, that the unexpected frequency and severity of THL-induced bradycardia may be related to subclinical involvement of the autonomic nervous system in ALS. The cardiac toxicity discourages further clinical trials and compassionate use of THL in ALS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00231140.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, Charité University Hospital, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Ambulanz für ALS und andere Motoneuronenerkrankungen, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. thomas.meyer@charite.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borisow
authors.forename: Jörn S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dullinger
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Splettstösser
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohlraun
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Linke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017574:Parasystole / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019782:Riluzole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013792:Thalidomide; D019782:Riluzole