title: Neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia: emphasis on the SAINT trial.
abstract: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a significant cause of death and disability in the United States. It has been 10 years since tissue plasminogen activator became the first medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment for AIS. However, this treatment simply reopens arteries. The identification of deleterious cellular reactions that occur secondary to cerebral ischemia has led investigators to search for neuroprotection strategies to complement reperfusion. More than 100 human trials, including a handful of phase III trials, had failed to produce an efficacious neuroprotective agent. In 2006, the first positive trial of neuroprotection was published: the SAINT I (Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment) study. In February 2008, the SAINT II study was published, indicating that NXY-059 was not effective for AIS treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chacon
authors.forename: Matt B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sattin
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zivin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D018755:GABA Agonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; C120851:disufenton sodium; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator