title: The anti-inflammatory effects of Curcuma longa and Berberis aristata in endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of topical application of Curcuma longa (C. longa) and Berberis aristata (B. aristata) aqueous extracts on experimental uveitis in the rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anterior uveitis was induced in rabbits by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli after pretreatment with C. longa and B. aristata aqueous extracts. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa and B. aristata was evaluated by grading the clinical signs and histopathologic changes and estimating the inflammatory cell count, protein, and TNF-alpha levels in the aqueous humor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anterior segment inflammation in the control group was significantly higher than in both the extract-treated groups, as observed by clinical and histopathologic grading. The inflammatory cell count in the control group was 30.75 +/- 7.33 x 10(5) cells/mL, whereas it was 2.39 +/- 0.59 x 10(5) (P < 0.001 vs. control) and 11.56 +/- 2.44 x 10(5) (P = 0.001 vs. control) cells/mL in the C. longa- and B. aristata-treated groups, respectively. The protein content of the aqueous humor was 18.14 +/- 4.98, 3.16 +/- 0.55 (P < 0.001 vs. control), and 8.24 +/- 1.42 (P < 0.01 vs. control) mg/mL in the control, C. longa-, and B. aristata-treated groups, respectively. The aqueous TNF-alpha level in the control group was 976.29 +/- 66.38 pg/mL and was 311.96 +/- 28.50 (P < 0.0001 vs. control) and 654.09 +/- 47.66 (P < 0.001vs. control) pg/mL in the C. longa- and B. aristata-treated groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical instillation of aqueous extracts of C. longa and B. aristata showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against endotoxin-induced uveitis in rabbits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India. skgupta@icriindia.com
authors.forename: Suresh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Shyam Sunder
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Niranjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galpalli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028142:Berberis; D030024:Curcuma; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D014605:Uveitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts