Photodynamic diagnostics of bladder tumors.
Approximately 18,000 new cases of urothelial cancer of the bladder occur annually, making it the most frequent urogenital neoplasia representing nearly 4% of all malignomas. Tumor stage defines two subgroups requiring specific therapeutic approaches and implying distinct prognoses. Non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer recurs frequently and occasionally progresses to muscle-invasive stages. Remnant tumor after initial resection is seen as one major factor in high recurrence rates. Although photodynamic diagnostics improving detection and increasing recurrence-free survival has been introduced to broad application, it has yet not been established as standard procedure. This article reviews the current literature and discusses controversial aspects.
Denzinger
Stefan
S
Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Landshuterstr, 65 93053, Regensburg, Germany. stefan.denzinger@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
Burger
Maximilian
M
D000287:Administration, Topical; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000191:economics / Q000266:history; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005453:Fluorescence; D017048:Health Care Costs; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
D017319:Photosensitizing Agents