title: Why have serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases been evolutionarily selected in eukaryotic signaling cascades?
abstract: The signal transduction systems of eukaryotes are different from those of prokaryotes with respect to their structures and mechanisms. The main signal transduction system of prokaryotes called the two-component system (TCS) is a one-step phosphorelay system composed of a histidine kinase (HK) while the central signal transduction system of eukaryotes called the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade system (MCS) is a multi-step phosphorelay system composed of serine/threonine/tyrosine kinases (STYKs). The two signal transduction systems are also different in their transphosphorylation mechanisms. HK in the TCS transfers its own phosphate group to the response regulator protein while STYKs in the MCS phosphorylate other proteins using ATP. We were intrigued by the different dynamics resulting from such differences and wondered why STYKs instead of HKs have been evolutionarily selected in eukaryotic signaling cascades. In this paper, we compared the dynamical characteristics of two mathematical models which reflect such differences between the TCS and the MCS, and found that STYKs are more appropriate for cascade structures in eukaryotic signal transduction than HK with respect to the duration and settling time of response signals.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jeong-Rae
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases