title: Effectiveness and costs of screening for aneurysms every 5 years after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who survive after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are at risk for a recurrence despite successful treatment of the ruptured aneurysm and may therefore benefit from screening for new aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened 610 patients with SAH with CT angiography 2-18 years after clipping of the aneurysms. Results of screening were used as input for a Markov decision model. We compared the expected number of recurrent hemorrhages, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and costs associated with the strategies "screening every 5 years" and "no screening."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening individuals with previous SAH prevented almost half of the recurrences, slightly increased life expectancy (from 21.06 to 21.08 years), but reduced QALYs (from 12.18 to 12.04) and increased costs (from $2,750 to $4,165 per patient). Screening was cost-saving without increasing QALYs in patients with a more than twofold risk above baseline of both aneurysm formation and rupture and it was cost-saving while increasing QALYs if both risks were at least 4.5 times higher. In patients with reduced quality of life because of fear for a recurrence, screening increased QALYs at a maximum cost of $17,422 per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, screening patients with previous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) cannot be recommended. Screening can save costs and increase quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in patients with a relatively high risk of both aneurysm formation and rupture, and increases QALYs at acceptable costs in patients with fear for a recurrence. More data are needed on risk factors for aneurysm formation and rupture in patients with previous SAH and on management of fear for a recurrence to identify patients who can benefit from screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology: G03.228, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3500 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.wermer@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Marieke J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wermer
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koffijberg
authors.forename: Irene C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: van der Schaaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics*