title: Job strain and arteriosclerosis in three different types of arteries among male Japanese factory workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the association between job strain and subclinical indicators of arteriosclerosis simultaneously in the cerebral artery, the aorta, and the carotid artery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants in this cross-sectional study consisted of 352 male factory workers between the ages of 24.9 to 55.8 (mean 41.7) years who had not been exposed to any hazardous chemicals in Japan. Job strain was measured using a Japanese version of the Job Content Questionnaire developed by Karasek. The following subclinical indicators of arteriosclerosis were examined by noninvasive procedures: hyperintense spots in T2-weighted images in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pulse wave velocity of the aorta, and the stiffness parameter of the carotid artery using ultrasound and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After control for potential confounders, high job strain was associated with an increased prevalence of hyperintense spots (adjusted odds ratio 2.53, 95% confidence interval 1.14-5.63), and elevated pulse-wave velocity (adjusted increase in percent 3.5, 95% confidence interval 0.0-6.9). The stiffness parameter tended to be elevated in the high job-strain group although this trend was not statistically significant. Job strain showed no relation to blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, job strain was associated with subclinical indicators of arteriosclerosis in different arteries although the association was not statistically significant for the carotid artery. New information is offered by brain MRI for arteriosclerosis in the cerebral artery. An increase in hyperintense spots may explain the link between job strain and cerebrovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Michikawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomiyama
authors.forename: Takamoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Uchi
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omae
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014463:Ultrasonography; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*