title: Precursor IGF-II (proIGF-II) and mature IGF-II (mIGF-II) induce Bcl-2 And Bcl-X L expression through different signaling pathways in breast cancer cells.
abstract: IGF-II plays a crucial role in fetal and cancer development by signaling through the IGF-I receptor. We have shown that inhibition of IGF-II by resveratrol (RSV) induced apoptosis and that proIGF-II (highly expressed in cancer) was more potent than mIGF-II in inhibiting this effect. Thus, we hypothesized that IGF-II differentially regulates the signaling cascade of the IGF-I receptor to stimulate the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) to prevent apoptosis. RSV treatment to breast cancer cells inhibited Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) expression and induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization. ProIGF-II was more potent than mIGF-II in: (1) activating the PI3/Akt pathway, (2) regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) expression, and (3) inducing phosphorylation/nuclear translocation of Cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein. Furthermore, IGF-II differentially regulated the intracellular translocation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), a critical process in breast cancer progression to hormone-independence. Our study provides a novel mechanism of how proIGF-II promotes progression and chemoresistance in breast cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: S Kalla
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moretta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almaguel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De León
authors.forename: Daisy D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: De León
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013267:Stilbenes; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D045304:Cytochromes c; D000077185:Resveratrol