title: Frontozygomatic titanium cranioplasty in frontosphenotemporal ("pterional") craniotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most common problems after frontosphenotemporal, or pterional, craniotomy is the marked depression of the frontozygomatic fossa caused by atrophy of the temporalis muscle. Although temporalis muscle reconstruction techniques have been proposed to prevent this problem, a definitive solution has not been achieved. We report the results of a titanium cranioplasty technique in a prospective series of patients who underwent frontosphenotemporal craniotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2002 and June 2006, 209 consecutive patients underwent a frontosphenotemporal craniotomy for aneurysms, vascular malformations, or tumors. At the time of surgery, the patients underwent a frontozygomatic fossa cranioplasty with a titanium plate, to which the temporalis muscle was attached. In this series, 194 patients had documented follow-up periods averaging 9.5 months (range, 1 mo-4 yr; median, 7.5 mo), and the cosmetic results of the cranioplasty have been assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cosmetic outcomes have been outstanding in all patients treated to date. Two patients had the cranioplasty removed due to either orbital pain or local infection secondary to sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frontozygomatic cranioplasty during frontosphenotemporal craniotomy prevents the characteristic depression at the frontozygomatic fossa and accomplishes an outstanding cosmetic result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Shaan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Quoc-Anh
authors.initials: QA
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pradilla
authors.forename: Rafael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tamargo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates; D002648:Child; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium