title: Maxillary second molar extractions in orthodontic treatment.
abstract: This article is a review of the rationales, indications, methods, and effects of orthodontic treatment with maxillary second molar extractions. In addition to the patient's malocclusion, specific considerations about the status and position of the maxillary second and third molars should be taken into account. In recent years, the development of temporary anchorage devices, in addition to extraoral traction and intraoral distalization appliances, has become another armamentarium in the distalization of the maxillary posterior teeth, which may affect the selection of teeth to be extracted from second to third molars. In conclusion, extraction of maxillary second molars is a viable option in selected cases at present, but it is important to understand the indications and limitations of this treatment choice.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ricky Wing-Kit
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hägg
mesh_terms: D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000379:methods; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012690:Serial Extraction