title: Nursing caries and buying time: an emerging theory of prolonged bottle feeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nursing caries is considered to be problematic by dental health professionals. In their zealousness to solve the nursing caries problem dental health professionals forgot to ask the question: 'Why do mothers persist in prolonged bottle feeding?'
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use grounded theory procedures and techniques to analyse the qualitative data obtained from mothers and to generate an emerging theory of prolonged bottle feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 34 mothers of children with nursing caries. The children were aged between 3 and 4 years. Data were analysed using the grounded theory procedures and techniques of open and selective coding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The core category or the mothers' main concern that emerged from the data was conceptualized as 'buying time'. The feeding bottle bought time away from crying children by silencing them but also bought extra time with the child. Therefore, two different behavioural styles or categories of buying time emerged. These were: (i) to buy time away from the demands of their crying toddlers (instant solutions) and (ii) to buy extra time with their 'toddler-babies' (double-binding). The feeding bottle acted as an 'instant solution' as on seeing the bottle the child would instantly 'stop crying' and peace would reign. Double-binding described how the feeding bottle was used to buy extra time for 'babyhood closeness' between mother and child while exposing the mothers' harsh rejecting behaviours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An understanding of the time concerns that the mothers experienced when caring for their young children and how they resolve them provides an important insight into the reasons for prolonged bottle feeding.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. r.e.freeman@chs.dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003448:Crying; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D017748:Time Management / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult