title: Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes.
abstract: This article reports on the childhood origins and adult outcomes of female versus male antisocial behavior trajectories in the Dunedin longitudinal study. Four antisocial behavior trajectory groups were identified among females and males using general growth mixture modeling and included life-course persistent (LCP), adolescent-onset, childhood-limited, and low trajectory groups. During childhood, both LCP females and males were characterized by social, familial and neurodevelopmental risk factors, whereas those on the adolescent-onset pathway were not. At age 32, women and men on the LCP pathway were engaging in serious violence and experiencing significant mental health, physical health, and economic problems. Females and males on the adolescent-onset pathway were also experiencing difficulties at age 32, although to a lesser extent. Although more males than females followed the LCP trajectory, findings support similarities across gender with respect to developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior and their associated childhood origins and adult consequences. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA92697-7085, USA. codgers@uci.edu
authors.forename: Candice L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Odgers
authors.forename: Terrie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hancox
authors.forename: Honalee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.forename: Malcolm R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: W Murray
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Avshalom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caspi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009520:New Zealand; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012951:Socialization; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data