title: Phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater by hydrous ferric oxide reactive filtration and coupled chemically enhanced secondary treatment: part I--performance.
abstract: This work examines the performance of a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) reactive filtration (RF) process with coupled chemically enhanced secondary treatment (RECYCLE) for phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater (HFO-RF-RECYCLE). A 3-month, 0.95-ML/d (0.25-mgd) demonstration of HFO-RF-RECYCLE was performed at a municipal wastewater treatment plant equipped with oxidation ditches and secondary clarifiers. Influent to the plant averaged 6.0 mg/L phosphorus, with a tertiary effluent average of 0.011 mg/L phosphorus. Iron doses to the plant were low, at 5 mg/L. Inline recycling of HFO solution rejects to the plant influent resulted in a maximum 90.3%, dose-dependent reduction of phosphorus in the secondary effluent at 4.5 ML/d (1.2 mgd). Other results included reduction of total suspended solids and turbidity. A mass balance analysis was performed. We conclude that HFO-RF-RECYCLE may allow very low levels of phosphorus discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants with a ferric-iron-based tertiary filtration process and residual recycling.
authors.affiliation: University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-1052, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rule
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002947:Cities; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C000499:ferric oxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D007501:Iron