title: A bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-responsive element in the hepcidin promoter controls HFE2-mediated hepatic hepcidin expression and its response to IL-6 in cultured cells.
abstract: The precise regulation of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin is essential to maintain body iron homeostasis: Hepcidin deficiency induces iron overload, and hepcidin excess results in anaemia. Mutations in the gene HFE2 cause severe iron overload and are associated with low hepcidin expression. Recent data suggest that HFE2 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor, and that the decreased hepcidin mRNA expression because of HFE2 dysfunction is a result of impaired BMP signalling ability. In this study, we identify a critical BMP-responsive element (BMP-RE) at position -84/-79 of the hepcidin promoter. We show that this element mediates HFE2-dependent basal hepcidin mRNA expression under control conditions. Unexpectedly, the mutation of the same BMP-RE element also severely impairs hepcidin activation in response to IL-6. These data uncover a missing link in the HFE2-mediated control of hepcidin expression and suggest that the BMP-RE controls hepcidin promoter activity mediated by HFE2 and inflammatory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria Vittoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Verga Falzacappa
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casanovas
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hentze
authors.forename: Martina U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Muckenthaler
mesh_terms: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020029:Base Pairing; D001483:Base Sequence; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C578702:HAMP protein, human; C481006:HJV protein, human; D000071020:Hemochromatosis Protein; D064451:Hepcidins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta