title: Amifostine can differentially modulate DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis induced by idarubicin in normal and cancer cells.
abstract: We have previously shown that amifostine differentially modulated the DNA-damaging action of idarubicin in normal and cancer cells and that the presence of p53 protein and oncogenic tyrosine kinases might play a role in this diversity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate further this effect we have studied the influence of amifostine on idarubicin-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed pulse-field gel electrophoresis () for the detection of DSBs and assessment of their repair in human normal lymphocytes and chronic myelogenous leukaemia K562 cells lacking p53 activity and expressing the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase-3 activity assay assisted by the alkaline comet assay and DAPI staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Idarubicin induced DSBs in a dose-independent manner in normal and cancer cells. Both types of the cells did not repair these lesions in 120 min and amifostine differentially modulated their level - decreased it in the lymphocytes and increased in K562 cells. In contrast to control cells, amifostine potentated apoptotic DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and the activity of caspase-3 in leukaemia cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amifostine can differentially modulate DSBs and apoptosis induced by idarubicin in normal and cancer cells. It can protect normal cells against drug-induced DNA damage and it can potentate the action of the drug in leukaemic cells. Further studies on link between amifostine-induced modulation of DSBs and apoptosis of cancer cells will bring a deeper insight into molecular mechanism of amifostine action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gloc
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Morawiec
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blasiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020014:K562 Cells; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D053148:Caspase 3; D004999:Amifostine; D015255:Idarubicin