title: Pulmonary changes in a mouse model of combined burn and smoke inhalation-induced injury.
abstract: The morbidity and mortality of burn victims increase when burn injury is combined with smoke inhalation. The goal of the present study was to develop a murine model of burn and smoke inhalation injury to more precisely reveal the mechanistic aspects of these pathological changes. The burn injury mouse group received a 40% total body surface area third-degree burn alone, the smoke inhalation injury mouse group received two 30-s exposures of cotton smoke alone, and the combined burn and smoke inhalation injury mouse group received both the burn and the smoke inhalation injury. Animal survival was monitored for 120 h. Survival rates in the burn injury group, the smoke inhalation injury group, and the combined injury group were 70%, 60%, and 30%, respectively. Mice that received combined burn and smoke injury developed greater lung damage as evidenced by histological changes (septal thickening and interstitial edema) and higher lung water content. These mice also displayed more severely impaired pulmonary gas exchange [arterial PO2 (PaO2)/inspired O2 fraction (FiO2)<200]. Lung myeloperoxidase activity was significantly higher in burn and smoke-injured animals compared with the other three experimental groups. Plasma NO2-/NO3-, lung inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and iNOS mRNA increased with injury; however, the burn and smoke injury group exhibited a higher response. Severity of burn and smoke inhalation injury was associated with more pronounced production of nitric oxide and accumulation of activated leukocytes in lung tissue. The murine model of burn and smoke inhalation injury allows us to better understand pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiopulmonary morbidity secondary to burn and smoke inhalation injury.
authors.affiliation: Investigative Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospital for Children, 610 Texas Ave., Galveston, TX 77555-0833, USA.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Perenlei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enkhbaatar
authors.forename: Aimalohi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esechie
authors.forename: Lillian D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Traber
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Hal K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Deyo
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Traber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases