title: Factors influencing osteoporosis preventive behaviours: testing a path model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study to test a model of certain factors influencing people engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours, and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of personal and social factors on whether people engage in those behaviours.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis preventive behaviours, including exercise and calcium intake, help decreasing the risk of developing osteoporosis. Reasons for engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours are complex and influenced by personal and social factors. Years of education, self-efficacy, knowledge of osteoporosis, social support and social capital have been indicated to increase people engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours; but age has been shown to decrease those behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed model was developed using Social Cognitive Theory and a conceptual framework for addressing the social context of health behaviour. A correlational cross-sectional study was carried out in 2005, using questionnaires and a convenience sample of 243 participants. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation techniques and path analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Self-efficacy was a better predictor of engaging in osteoporosis preventive behaviours than were the other variables. Social capital had a statistically significant direct and indirect effect on osteoporosis preventive behaviours. The modified path model showed good fit with the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The associations between personal and social factors extend our knowledge from previous studies and increase our understanding of the complex relationships among the study variables. The model provides guidance for future nursing practice, research, and education programs related to osteoporosis prevention.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. chhsieh@gw.cgit.edu.tw
authors.forename: Ching-Hsing
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Chen-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCubbin
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inouye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary