title: Asymmetry of the face in orthodontic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the laterality of the normal asymmetry of the human face, examining differences in laterality in relation to sex, growth stage, and skeletal classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1800 Japanese subjects (651 males and 1149 females; mean age, 15 years 3 months; range, 4 years 2 months to 59 years 11 months) were selected. Individuals in the sample were categorized according to sex, one of three growth stages, and one of three skeletal patterns. Differences in length between distances from the points at which ear rods were inserted to the facial midline and the perpendicular distance from the soft-tissue menton to the facial midline were measured on a frontal facial photograph. Subjects with a discrepancy of more than 3 standard deviations of the measurement error were categorized as having left- or right-sided laterality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of subjects with facial asymmetry, 79.7% had a wider right hemiface, and 79.3% of those with chin deviation had left-sided laterality. These tendencies were independent of sex, age, or skeletal jaw relationships. In this regard, during pubertal growth, the proportion of subjects with wider right hemiface decreased (P < .0001), whereas the proportion of those with a wider left hemiface increased (P < .01), despite a consistent tendency for right-sided dominance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that laterality in the normal asymmetry of the face, which is consistently found in humans, is likely to be a hereditary rather than an acquired trait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007498:Iris / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology*; D008311:Malocclusion, Angle Class I / Q000473:pathology; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000473:pathology; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D010781:Photography; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors