title: A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison between parecoxib and ketorolac for early postoperative analgesia following nasal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to compare the efficacy of parecoxibfor postoperative analgesia after endoscopic turbinate and sinus surgery, with the non-selective non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ketorolac.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients with an ASA physical status I-II, receiving functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and endoscopic turbinectomy after local infiltration with 1% mepivacaine, were randomly assigned to receive intravenous administration of either 40 mg parecoxib (N.=25) or 30 mg ketorolac (N.=25), 15 min before the discontinuation of anaesthesia and then every 8 h postoperatively. A blinded observer recorded the incidence and severity of pain upon admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), as well as 10, 20, and 30 min after PACU admission. Thereafter, observations continued every 1 h for the first 6 h, and then 12 h and 24 h after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the curve of the visual analogue scale (AUCVAS) calculated during the study period was 635 (26-1 413) in the Parecoxib group and 669 (28-1 901) in the Ketorolac group (P=0.54). Rescue morphine analgesia was required by 12 patients (48%) in the Parecoxib group and 11 patients (44%) in the Ketorolac group (P<0.05); while mean morphine consumption was 5 +/- 2.5 mg and 5 +/- 2.0 mg in Ketorolac and Parecoxib groups, respectively (P<0.05). No differences in the incidence of side effects were recorded between the two groups. Patient satisfaction was similarly high in both groups, and all patients were discharged uneventfully 24 h after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing endoscopic nasal surgery and local infiltration with 1% mepivacaine, parecoxib administered before discontinuing general anesthesia is as effective in treating early postoperative pain as ketorolac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy. yigal.leykin@aopn.fvg.it
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leykin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rapotec
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dal Sasso
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barzan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pellis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; C409945:parecoxib; D020910:Ketorolac