Sanitation assessment of wastewater treated by stabilization ponds for potential reuse in agricultural irrigation sanitation assessment.
Wastewater reuse has become an important alternative to agricultural irrigation; on the other hand, it poses concern with regard to public health. Total coliform and Escherichia coli concentration, presence of helminth eggs and Salmonella, and physical-chemical parameters were evaluated in raw and treated wastewater. Chemical and biochemical oxygen demand removal efficiency was 74.6 and 77.9%, respectively. As for organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids, total efficiency removal was 17.4, 12.5, and 32.9%, respectively. The average density of total coliforms and E. coli was 3.5 x 10(9) and 1.8 x 10(8) MPN/100 mL and 1.1 x 10(7) MPN/100 mL and 3.9 x 10(5) MPN/100 mL for raw and treated wastewater, respectively. Ascaris eggs were observed in 80.8% of the samples collected, and viable eggs in 42.3% of the samples. Salmonella was detected in 36.4% of the samples. The values observed in treated wastewater did not show the adequate bacteriological quality, as recommended by World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland). Therefore, additional measures should be taken to achieve an improved microbiological and parasitological quality.
Pivelli
R P
RP
Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Günther
W M R
WM
Matté
G R
GR
Razzolini
M T P
MT
Cutolo
S A
SA
Martone-Rocha
S
S
Peternella
F A S
FA
Dória
M C O
MC
Matté
M H
MH
D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae; D006801:Humans; D012499:Sanitation; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000469:parasitology*; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D014867:Water