title: Effects of glucose toxicity and islet purity on in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic islet transplantation has recently emerged as a powerful clinical modality to restore normoglycemia in diabetic patients. Despite the success of the Edmonton protocol, these patients still experience a significant islet loss immediately after transplantation. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for longitudinal monitoring of graft loss providing that islets are labeled with a magnetically "visible" contrast agent. To fully interpret the imaging data, it is critical to investigate factors normally present during clinical transplantation and influencing MRI of transplanted islets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we focused on both the effect of hyperglycemia and the effect of contaminating nonendocrine tissue, which is always present in islet preparations, on MRI imaging of islet grafts. Human pancreatic islets labeled with Feridex were transplanted in diabetic and healthy animals. Separate groups of animals were transplanted with Feridex-labeled pure and nonpure (50% islets and 50% nonendocrine tissue) preparations. The fate of the graft in all groups was monitored by in vivo MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that diabetic animals with transplanted islets showed a significantly higher rate of islet death than their healthy counterparts on in vivo MR images. Interestingly, transplantation of islets contaminated with nonendocrine tissue did not have any significant influence on MR images, presumably because of a low labeling rate of this tissue and a fast rate of its disappearance after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that this study serves as yet another step on our way to clinical use of in vivo imaging of islet transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Evgenov
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pantazopoulos
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005947:Glucose / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D051379:Mice; D010087:Oxides
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D005947:Glucose; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide