title: Risk factors for esophageal cancer in Serbia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the role of specified risk factors in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in Serbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hospital based case-control study included 102 newly diagnosed patients with squamous cell esophageal cancer and the same number of age and sex matched hospital controls. In the analysis of data conditional univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factors significantly related to cancer of esophagus were: smoking (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.0-4.2), daily consumption of hard liquor (OR=7.5, 95%CI 2.8-20.0), low educational level (OR=4.7, 95%CI 2.2-10.0), occupational exposure to chemicals (OR=3.7, 95%CI 1.6-9.0), malignant tumors in family history (OR=3.6, 95%CI 1.6-9.0), consumption of wine (OR=0.1, 95%CI 0.1-0.3,) and non-carbonated beverages (OR=0.3, 95%CI 0.2-0.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hard liquor and tobacco appear to be the important risk factors for development of squamous cell esophageal cancer in Serbia, whereas wine and non-carbonated beverages may play a protective role.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia. gledovic@sezampro.yu
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gledovic
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grgurevic
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pekmezovic
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pantelic
authors.forename: Darija
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kisic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000453:epidemiology