title: Diabetes-induced up-regulation of uncoupling protein-2 results in increased mitochondrial uncoupling in kidney proximal tubular cells.
abstract: We have previously reported increased O(2) consumption unrelated to active transport by tubular cells and up-regulated mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 expressions in diabetic kidneys. It is presently unknown if the increased UCP-2 levels in the diabetic kidney results in mitochondrial uncoupling and increased O(2) consumption, which we therefore investigated in this study. The presence of UCP-2 in proximal tubular cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and found to be increased (western blot) in homogenized tissue and isolated mitochondria from kidney cortex of diabetic rats. Isolated proximal tubular cells had increased total and ouabain-insensitive O(2) consumption compared to controls. Isolated mitochondria from diabetic animals displayed increased glutamate-stimulated O(2) consumption (in the absence of ADP and during inhibition of the ATP-synthase by oligomycin) compared to controls. Guanosine diphosphate, an UCP inhibitor, and bovine serum albumin which removes fatty acids that are essential for UCP-2 uncoupling activity, independently prevented the increased glutamate-stimulated O(2) consumption in mitochondria from diabetic animals. In conclusion, diabetic rats have increased mitochondrial UCP-2 expression in renal proximal tubular cells, which results in mitochondrial uncoupling and increased O(2) consumption. This mechanism may be protective against diabetes-induced oxidative stress, but will increase O(2) usage. The subsequently reduced O(2) availability may contribute to diabetes-induced progressive kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Malou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friederich
authors.forename: Angelica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasching
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hansell
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nordquist
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palm
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D051381:Rats; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C000604391:Ucp2 protein, rat; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2