Co-localization of excitatory and inhibitory transmitters in the brain.
OBJECTIVE
To review the understanding about co-localisation of amino acid transmitters in the brain.


RESULTS
The idea that neurons release the same transmitter at all their synapses is associated with Henry Dale and formulated as Dale's principle by John Eccles. This idea has been modified during the last years based on several studies showing that transmitters can co-exist at the same synapse. First, a large body of evidence was presented showing that a classical transmitter can be co-localized with different types of neuropeptides. Then, several studies showed that a synapse could co-release two classical transmitters.


CONCLUSIONS
This review presents and discusses data from our laboratory showing co-release of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), aspartate/glutamate and aspartate/GABA from different types of hippocampal synapses.
Gundersen
V
V
Department of Anatomy and the CMBN, University of Oslo, Norway. vidar.gundersen@medisin.uio.no
D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019599:Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid