title: Enhanced detection of genetic association of hypertensive heart disease by analysis of latent phenotypes.
abstract: Hypertension and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) are inter-related phenotypes frequently observed with other comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, which probably reflect the complex gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions resulting in HHD. The complexity of HHD led us to examine intermediate phenotypes (e.g., echocardiographically-derived measures) for simpler clues to the genetic underpinnings of the disease. We applied the method of independent component analysis to a prospective study of the metabolic predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy and extracted latent traits of HHD from panels of multi-dimensional anthropomorphic, hemodynamic echocardiographic and metabolic data. Based on the latent trait values, classification of subjects into different risk groups for HHD captured meaningful subtypes of the disease as reflected in the distributions of primary clinical indicators. Furthermore, we detected genetic associations of the latent HHD traits with single nucleotide polymorphisms in three candidate genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors complex, for which no significant association was found with the original clinical indicators of HHD. Consensus analysis of the results from repeated independent component analysis runs showed satisfactory robustness and estimated about 3-4 separate unseen sources for the observed HHD-related outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. gc@wubios.wustl.edu
authors.forename: C Charles
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hubert R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de las Fuentes
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Dávila-Román
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors