title: Spirituality and medicine: prevalence of spirituality-in-medicine instruction at osteopathic medical schools.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the 1990s, there has been a heightened awareness of the value of teaching medical students about how aspects of spirituality and religion may affect patient care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of spirituality-in-medicine instruction at colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescreened subjects at 20 COMs were contacted by electronic mail and asked to complete a 25-item Web-based survey. The survey instrument consisted of questions about spirituality-in-medicine instruction at their institutions. If an institution was not represented in our survey results through subject response, we reviewed that institution's Web site to locate material suggestive of an extant spirituality-in-medicine curricula (eg, prospective student information).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surveys were submitted to investigators by representatives of 12 COMs for a response rate of 60%. Subjects from 8 COMs reported a structured spirituality-in-medicine curriculum currently in place at their institutions. Osteopathic medical students generally receive a total of 2 to 20 hours of instruction on spirituality and religion. Of the 10 unrepresented institutions, 4 COMs had material available on their Web sites that suggested spirituality-in-medicine topics were embedded in their curricula. Therefore, approximately 55% of all COMs have some form of spirituality-in-medicine program in place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some form of spirituality-in-medicine instruction is available at slightly more than half the COMs in the United States. As the need for spirituality-in-medicine curricula is increasingly recognized, improved methods of documenting ongoing curricular development and student competency will be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106-1453, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Rance L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McClain
authors.forename: Gautam J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pyle
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D006801:Humans; D010021:Osteopathic Medicine / Q000193:education*; D012577:Schools, Medical; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States