title: The effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on ocular hemodynamics and visual function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the comprehensive effects of raloxifene hydrochloride on retinal, choroidal and retrobulbar hemodynamics and on visual function in post-menopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four post-menopausal women (age 55 +/- 3.8 years) were recruited for this cross-sectional study: 12 received placebo and 12 received raloxifene hydrochloride 60 mg once a day for 3 months. Baseline measurements of both groups included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and intraocular pressure (IOP) for both eyes. A comprehensive ocular blood flow (OBF) assessment was obtained for each patient in a randomly chosen study eye. Retinal blood flow data was obtained using confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmetry [Heidelberg Retinal Flowmeter (HRF)]. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was used to assess retrobulbar hemodynamics in the ophthalmic, central retinal, short nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries. Baseline vision and hemodynamics in post-menopausal subjects were compared using paired Student's t tests, and the percentage change in baseline versus 3-month parameters was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between 3 months of raloxifene therapy and placebo in terms of age, HR, arterial or mean BP, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, IOP or retinal or retrobulbar blood flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene therapy at 60 mg/day had no clinically significant impact on BP, IOP or OBF in post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Siesky
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Nisha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kheradiya
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Carissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klaas
authors.forename: Boaris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Yara
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Catoira
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCranor
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rospigliosi
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride