title: Risk factors for early angle-closure disease in a Burmese population: the Meiktila Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for early angle-closure disease (AD) in a Burmese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, population-based survey of the inhabitants, 40 years of age and over, from villages in the Meiktila District was performed; 2481 eligible participants were identified, 2076 participated in the study, and 2050 could be categorized as having early AD (defined by the presence of so-called occludable angles (<90 degrees of posterior trabecular meshwork visible on gonioscopy), but without glaucomatous optic neuropathy). The ophthalmic examination included Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, biometry, and dilated stereoscopic fundus examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in those with occludable angles were 21.9 and 2.60 mm, respectively; in those with non-occludable angles, the corresponding lengths were 22.74 and 2.84 mm, respectively (P<0.001 for both comparisons). In the univariate analyses, age, female gender, nuclear and cortical cataract, steeper corneal curvature, more anterior lens position, and myopia were also significantly associated with occludability. In the multivariate analysis, age, AL, ACD, and nuclear cataract were significantly associated with occludability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this Burmese population, those with occludable angles had significantly shorter ALs, ACDs, and thicker lenses than those without occludable angles. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, decreasing AL, decreasing ACD, and nuclear cataract were significant predictors of early AD. The presence of nuclear cataract per se should raise clinical suspicion of the possibility of AD in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. robert.casson@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Casson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Newland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muecke
authors.forename: E W H
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity