title: Immunization with an HIV-1 immunogen induces CD4+ and CD8+ HIV-1-specific polyfunctional responses in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection receiving antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Development of polyfunctional T lymphocyte responses is critical in the immunological response against HIV-1. Fifty-four HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) and immunization with an HIV-1 immunogen or placebo, periodically every 3 months throughout a period of 36 months, were evaluated for the purposes of analysing the development of HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ responses. A significant increase of proliferating and IFN-gamma producing CD8+ HIV-1-specific T cells, of HIV-1-specific precursor frequencies for CD8+ and for CD4+ T cells and of Gag/pol-specific memory CTL precursors (CTLp) was observed in the immunogen group in comparison to placebo. IL-2 intracellular expression and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha co-expression in HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells were also substantially increased in the immunized group. A negative correlation between viral load and CD3+CD4+CFSElow HIV-1-specific lymphoproliferative response and frequency of Gag/pol-specific CTLp was solely observed in the HIV-1 immunogen group. Long-term immunization in patients receiving ART helps to develop HIV-1-specific polyfunctional T cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sáinz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Cruz
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010919:Placebos; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma