Dietary nutrients and insulin resistance in urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults.
BACKGROUND
Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance that may underlie their higher tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and early-onset atherosclerosis.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between dietary nutrients and insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults.


METHODS
Dietary nutrient intake values (24-hour dietary recall and monthly consumption data) and fasting serum insulin levels were studied in 352 (311 males and 41 females) healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age 18.0 +/- 2.3 years; range 14-25 years). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with hyperinsulinemia as the outcome variable and various dietary nutrients and anthropometric variables as covariates.


RESULTS
Mean fasting serum insulin levels were 107.4 +/- 35.0 pmol/l (36.5-230.4 pmol/l). The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was higher, saturated fat and the omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratio were in the upper limit, and omega-3 PUFAs (% caloric intake, En) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for Asian Indians. The PUFAs (% En), BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference were significantly higher in the hyperinsulinemic group compared with the normoinsulinemic group (p = 0.021, 0.0021, 0.0006, and 0.0041, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the lowest tertile of omega-6 (< 3% En) PUFA intake [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.3 (0.1-0.7)] and BMI [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.9 (1.4-6.0)] were the significant independent predictors of fasting hyperinsulinemia.


CONCLUSIONS
For prevention and amelioration of insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults, it is prudent to have normal BMI and low intake of omega-6 PUFAs.
Isharwal
Sumit
S
Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Arya
Shipra
S
Misra
Anoop
A
Wasir
Jasjeet S
JS
Pandey
Ravindra M
RM
Rastogi
Kavita
K
Vikram
Naval K
NK
Luthra
Kalpana
K
Sharma
Rekha
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000009:adverse effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated