title: A low-energy-dense diet adding fruit reduces weight and energy intake in women.
abstract: This study evaluated the effect of adding fruit or oats to the diet of free-living women on energy consumption and body weight. Fruit and oat cookies had the same amount of fiber and total calories ( approximately 200 kcal), but differed in energy density. We analyzed data from a clinical trial conducted in a primary care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty-nine women, ages ranging from 30 to 50 years, with body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m2, were randomly chosen to add three apples (0.63 kcal/g energy density) or three pears (0.64 kcal/g energy density) or three oat cookies (3.7 kcal/g energy density) to their usual diet for 10 weeks. Fiber composition was similar ( approximately 6g). Statistical analysis of the repeated measures of dietary composition and body weight were analyzed using mixed model procedures. Results showed a significant decrease in the energy density during the follow-up (-1.23 kcal/g, p<0.04, and -1.29 kcal/g, p<0.05) for apples and pears, respectively, compared to the oat group. The energy intake also decreased significantly (-25.05 and -19.66 kcal/day) for the apple and pear group, respectively, but showed a small increase (+0.93) for the oat group. Apples and pears were also associated (p<0.001) with weight reduction (-0.93 kg for the apple and -0.84 for the pear group), whereas weight was unchanged (+0.21; p=0.35) in the oat group. Results suggest that energy densities of fruits, independent of their fiber amount can reduce energy consumption and body weight over time.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina-FM, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Rua Dr. Martins Santana, 1053, Adrianópolis, CEP 69073-270, Manaus-AM, Brazil. olivmc@ufam.edu.br <olivmc@ufam.edu.br>
authors.forename: Maria Conceição
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Rosely
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sichieri
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venturim Mozzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018554:Avena; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D008875:Middle Aged; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy*; D031989:Pyrus; D015431:Weight Loss