For the surgeon: an introduction to nanotechnology.
BACKGROUND
The study and application of nanoparticles is advancing rapidly within medicine and surgery. In this article, we review nanotechnology with a view as to its impact on surgery. We also review potential toxicity, current regulations, and ethical considerations.


METHODS
A Medline review of nanotechnology and nanosurgery was performed. Important publications in the history of the science and demonstrated important concepts were selected for review.


CONCLUSIONS
Nanotechnology is a relatively new but fast evolving field. Its potential impact on medicine and surgery is expanding in areas from drug delivery to rudimentary nanosurgery at the cellular level. This review is written to give the surgeon an overview of the field particularly in reference to its potential surgical applications.
Asiyanbola
Bolanle
B
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. basiyan@hotmail.com
Soboyejo
Winston
W
D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology