title: Serial casting versus positioning for the treatment of elbow contractures in adults with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of serial casting with positioning for 1 hour per day for the treatment of elbow flexion contracture in adults with traumatic brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pragmatic randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four brain injury rehabilitation units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six adults with elbow flexion contracture after traumatic brain injury participating in multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to receive either serial casting or positioning for two weeks. In the subsequent four weeks subjects could be positioned for up to 1 hour/day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Torque-controlled passive elbow extension was measured at baseline, post-intervention (two weeks), post-intervention plus one day, and at follow-up (four weeks post-intervention).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 26 subjects completed the study. Post-intervention, serial casting reduced contracture by an average of 22 degrees (95% confidence interval (CI) 13 to 31; P <0.001) compared with the positioning group. One day later this effect had decreased to 11 degrees (95% CI 0 to 21 degrees; P= 0.052). The effect had almost completely disappeared at the four-week follow-up (mean 2 degrees, 95% CI -13 to 17; P= 0.782).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial casting induces transient increases in range of motion. These effects are not maintained.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Evidence-Based Physiotherapy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. a.moseley@usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moseley
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hassett
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Harvey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015915:Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011187:Posture; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome