title: The lens-regenerating competence in the outer cornea and epidermis of larval Xenopus laevis is related to pax6 expression.
abstract: After lentectomy, larval Xenopus laevis can regenerate a new lens by transdifferentiation of the outer cornea and pericorneal epidermis (lentogenic area). This process is promoted by retinal factor(s) accumulated into the vitreous chamber. To understand the molecular basis of the lens-regenerating competence (i.e. the capacity to respond to the retinal factor forming a new lens) in the outer cornea and epidermis, we analysed the expression of otx2, pax6, sox3, pitx3, prox1, betaB1-cry (genes all involved in lens development) by Real-time RT-PCR in the cornea and epidermis fragments dissected from donor larvae. The same fragments were also implanted into the vitreous chamber of host larvae to ascertain their lens-regenerating competence using specific anti-lens antibodies. The results demonstrate that there is a tight correlation between lens-regenerating competence and pax6 expression. In fact, (1) pax6 is the only one of the aforesaid genes to be expressed in the lentogenic area; (2) pax6 expression is absent in head epidermis outside the lentogenic area and in flank epidermis, both incapable of transdifferentiating into lens after implantation into the vitreous chamber; (3) in larvae that have undergone eye transplantation under the head or flank epidermis, pax6 re-expression was observed only in the head epidermis covering the transplanted eye. This is consistent with the fact that only the head epidermis reacquires the lens-regenerating competence after eye transplantation, forming a lens following implantation into the vitreous chamber; and (4) in larvae that have undergone removal of the eye, the epidermis covering the orbit maintained pax6 expression. This is consistent with the fact that after the eye enucleation the lentogenic area maintains the lens-regenerating competence, giving rise to a lens after implantation into the vitreous chamber. Moreover, we observed that misexpression of pax6 is sufficient to promote the acquisition of the lens-regenerating competence in flank epidermis. In fact, flank epidermis fragments dissected from pax6 RNA injected embryos could form lenses when implanted into the vitreous chamber. The data indicate for the first time that pax6 is a pivotal factor of lens-regenerating competence in the outer cornea and epidermis of larval X. laevis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, S. Raffaele Biomedical Park Foundation, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gargioli
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giambra
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frezza
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filoni
authors.forename: Stefano M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cannata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014822:Vitreous Body; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins