title: The role of hepatic transporters in drug elimination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic drug transporters of the solute carrier (OATPs, OAT2, OCT1, NTCP) and ABC transporter superfamilies (MDR1, MRPs, BCRP, BSEP) can significantly modulate drug ADME routes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The currently available literature was reviewed with focus on hepatic drug transporters, related drug-drug interactions and available tools for transporter assessment and extrapolation to in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic drug transporters have gained additional importance in drug clearance by optimization for basic DMPK properties early on in drug research. However, the lack of selective substrates and inhibitors, proper assessment of the kinetic properties due to interfering passive permeability and multiple binding sites, as well as endogenous transporters present in many cellular assays, are some of the hurdles in studying active drug transport processes. Therefore, data from these in vitro assays have to be carefully evaluated to allow sound extrapolation to the in vivo situation.
authors.affiliation: F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Non-Clinical Development - Drug Safety, 4070 Basel, Switzerland. christoph.funk@roche.com
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Funk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations