title: Multiclonal outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections on a collegiate football team.
abstract: An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) occurred in a college football team in August 2006. Of 109 players on the team roster, 88 (81%) were interviewed during a cohort investigation. Twenty-five cases were identified, six of which were culture-confirmed. Available culture isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which identified two different MRSA strains associated with the outbreak. Playing positions with the most physical contact (offensive linemen, defensive linemen, and tight ends) had the greatest risk of infection [risk ratio (RR) 5.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3-11.5. Other risk factors included recent skin trauma (RR 1.9, 95% CI 0.95-3.7), use of therapeutic hydrocollator packs (RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.7), and miscellaneous training equipment use (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-4.1). The outbreak was successfully controlled through team education and implementation of improved infection-control practices and hygiene policies.
authors.affiliation: Epidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Workforce and Career Development, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. ajhall@cdc.gov
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bixler
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Haddy
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005538:Football; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013334:Students
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial