title: Effectiveness of medial-wedge insole treatment for valgus knee osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of medial-wedge insoles in valgus knee osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty consecutive women with valgus-deformity knee OA > or = 8 degrees were randomized into 2 groups: medial insole (insoles with 8-mm medial elevation at the rearfoot [n = 16]) and neutral insole (similar insole without elevation [n = 14]). Both groups also wore ankle supports. A blinded examiner assessed pain on movement, at rest, and at night with a visual analog scale (VAS), the Lequesne index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index. Femorotibial, talocalcaneal, and talar tilt angles were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of insole use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant reductions in the medial insole group were observed for pain on movement (mean +/- SD VAS pre- and postintervention 8.1 +/- 1.5 versus 4.2 +/- 2.4; P = 0.001), at rest (5.1 +/- 2.3 versus 2.7 +/- 2.4; P = 0.002), and at night (6.1 +/- 2.7 versus 3.1 +/- 2.1; P = 0.001). In addition, a decrease in Lequesne (14.7 +/- 3.4 versus 9.6 +/- 3.8; P = 0.001) and WOMAC scores (74.1 +/- 14.2 versus 56.1 +/- 14.9; P = 0.001) was observed for the medial insole group. In the neutral insole group, a significant reduction was observed only for night pain (mean +/- SD VAS pre- and postintervention 5.8 +/- 2.4 versus 4.6 +/- 2.4; P = 0.019). An increase in femorotibial angle (169.0 +/- 3.4 versus 170.8 +/- 3.7; P = 0.001) occurred only in the medial insole group. Moreover, the difference in measured femorotibial angles pre- and postintervention was 1.84 +/- 1.42 versus -0.18 +/- 0.67 (P < 0.001) for the medial and neutral insole groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of medial-wedge insoles was highly effective in reducing pain at rest and on movement and promoted a functional improvement of valgus knee OA.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscilla T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Ana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Rosa M R
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Eloísa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfá
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Borba
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000628:therapy*; D007717:Knee; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012775:Shoes; D016896:Treatment Outcome