title: Efficacy of intraosseous injections of anesthetic in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of the intraosseous (IO) injections of anesthetic as a primary technique in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 181 children and adolescents underwent a total of 225 sessions of IO injections of 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine using the Quick Sleeper 2 system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluations could be performed in 215 sessions (171 patients, 247 teeth), yielding success rates of 91.2% (sessions) and 91.9% (teeth). The success rate was 95% (133 of 140) for temporary teeth (endodontics 96.6%, restorations 100%, extractions 88%) and 87.9% (94 of 107) for permanent teeth (endodontics 92.3%, restorations 89.9%, extractions 75%). No difference was noted in terms of age (P > .05). No cases of biting of mucosa or postinjection pain were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IO injection of anesthetic using a computer-controlled osseous perforation and delivery system can be considered as a good alternative or supplement to classic infiltration techniques in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UFR d'Odontologie de l'Université de Rennes 1 and CHU de Rennes, France. jean-louis.sixou@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sixou
authors.forename: Maria Elizena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Rogier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008437:Maxilla; D009339:Needles; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002355:Carticaine