title: The effectiveness of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia--a long-term follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medical treatment of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia with oral progestogens has limited efficacy and poor compliance. A levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been shown to successfully treat hyperplasia in small-sized studies. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of LNG-IUS in a larger study with long-term follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study of 105 women diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia and treated with LNG-IUS between 1999 and 2004 at a University Teaching hospital. Baseline characteristics and outpatient endometrial Pipelle sampling were undertaken at 3 and 6 months post LNG-IUS insertion and 6-monthly intervals thereafter in all cases. Outcome included histological data derived from both Pipelle and uterine histologies at 1 and 2 years LNG-IUS therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LNG-IUS achieved endometrial regression in 90% (94/105) of cases by 2 years, with a significant proportion (96%, 90/94) achieving this within 1 year. Regression occurred in 88/96 (92%) of non-atypical and 6/9 (67%) of atypical hyperplasias, and in all 22 cases of endometrial hyperplasia associated with HRT. Regression rates did not differ between histological types of hyperplasia. Twenty-three women (22%) underwent hysterectomy of which 13 were indicated and 10 were performed at patient request despite regressed endometrium. Two cases of cancer (one uterine and one ovarian) were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LNG-IUS is highly effective in treating endometrial hyperplasia. Beneficial effects are observed by the majority within 1 year. Treatment can be reliably monitored through regular 6-montly outpatient endometrial Pipelle surveillance. LNG-IUS treatment of non-atypical hyperplasias is likely to reduce the number of hysterectomies performed in this subgroup.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK. r.varma@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Hemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soneja
authors.forename: Kalsang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Raji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganesan
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rollason
authors.forename: T Justin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Janesh K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D011372:Progestins; D016912:Levonorgestrel