title: Is use of temporary pacing wires following coronary bypass surgery really necessary?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temporary epicardial pacing wires (TEPW) which are routinely used after coronary bypass grafting may result in significant complications. We sought to identify variables that predict TEPW implantation and thereby limit their use.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study enrolled 564 patients (296 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass [ONCAB] and 268 underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, OPCAB). TEPW were placed in patients with the intraoperative presence of one or more of the following criteria: sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, nodal/junctional rhythms, atrioventricular block, bundle branch block, ventricular tachycardia, or onset of atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 31 (5.5%) patients [ONCAB: 20 (6.8%) (ventricular: 14, bichamber: 6); OPCAB: 11 (4.1%) (ventricular: 9, bichamber: 2)] had temporary epicardial pacing wires implanted intraoperatively. Indications for using temporary epicardial pacing wires for ONCAB were sinus bradycardia (8), nodal/junctional rhythms (3), atrioventricular block (3), atrial fibrillation (4), and bundle branch block (2), and for OPCAB were sinus bradycardia (8), nodal/junctional rhythms (2), and atrioventricular block (1). Mean duration for pacing was 22.4 h for the ONCAB group and 11.3 h for the OPCAB group. There were no temporary epicardial pacing wires associated complications. One paced OPCAB patient required a permanent pacemaker and 2 non-paced OPCAB patients required transvenous pacing wires. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also conducted to determine risk factors for TEPW.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEPW implantation is overused in cardiac surgery and by identifying independent predictors for pacing we conclude that TEPW use should be limited to a select few.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. yimren@gmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imren
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Oktar
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naseem
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors