title: Fungal contamination and Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Lebanese wine-grapes and musts.
abstract: Five hundred and ten strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from Lebanese grapes during 2005 at veraison and harvesting periods. Four hundred eighty-seven isolates belonged to the Aspergillus spp. (95.5%) and 23 belonged to the Penicillium spp. (4.5%). Black aspergilli constituted 56.9% (52.2% Aspergillus niger aggregates, 2.9% Aspergillus japonicus and 1.8% Aspergillus carbonarius) while the isolation rate of Aspergillus flavus the none habitual member of grape mycobiota was 43.1% of the total Aspergillus spp. isolated. All isolates were tested for the ability to produce the Ochratoxin A (OTA) and the Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A. carbonarius showed that it is the only species able to produce the OTA with a production ability of 100% and a maximum concentration reaching 8.38microg/g CYA. As for the aflatoxigenic ability, 43.4% of A. flavus isolates produced this mycotoxin with a maximum production reaching 22.6microg/g CYA while none of the other isolates showed a production capacity of this mycotoxin. Forty-seven samples of must produced from the collected grapes were also analyzed. None of these samples was contaminated by OTA at a detectable limit while 40% of these same samples were found to contain AFB1 with concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.46microgl(-1).
authors.affiliation: Centre d'analyses et de Recherches, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, Lebanon.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Khoury
authors.forename: Toufic
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lteif
authors.forename: Hayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azouri
authors.forename: Marie-Line
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Delia
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lebrihi
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007861:Lebanon; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003470:Culture Media; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016604:Aflatoxin B1