title: Health anxiety, rumination, and negative affect: a mediational analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A ruminative cognitive style has been associated with a variety of mood and anxiety disorders. This study examined whether a ruminative cognitive style is associated with health anxiety, even when controlling for negative affect.
  
  
  METHODS
  College students (N=198) completed measures of health anxiety, rumination, and negative affect and estimated the likelihood that ambiguous symptoms were indicative of catastrophic illnesses. These data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A ruminative cognitive style was both indirectly associated with health anxiety via its strong relationship with negative affect and was also directly associated with health anxiety. Furthermore, catastrophizing ambiguous symptoms was also directly related to health anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High health anxiety individuals not only hold dysfunctional beliefs about health and illness but they also think about their distress in a ruminative manner. A more complete cognitive-behavioral model of health anxiety should include not only cognitive contents ("what") but also cognitive style ("how").
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA. david.marcus@usm.edu
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Kathleen T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Randolph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Arnau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires