title: Significant exposures to isoeugenol derivatives in perfumes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoeugenol, an important fragrance allergen in consumers, has been restricted to 200 p.p.m. since 1998 according to guidelines issued by the fragrance industry. However, no decline in contact allergy to isoeugnol has been detected. It has been speculated that isoeugenol derivatives, especially isoeugenyl acetate, are used instead. Isoeugenyl acetate is probably metabolized in the skin to isoeugenol and gives positive patch test reactions in 1/3 of isoeugenol-sensitized individuals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the content of isoeugenol, isoeugenyl acetate, and two isoeugenol ethers in perfumes/aftershaves.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 international brand perfumes/aftershaves were analysed for the target fragrance ingredient by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All samples were analysed in duplicate at detection levels of 1-5 p.p.m.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 products (55%) contained isoeugenol. The maximum concentration was 202 p.p.m. 10 products (34%) contained isoeugenyl acetate, which in 9 cases occurred together with isoeugenol. The concentrations of isoeugenyl acetate ranged from 20 to 4689 p.p.m. 13 products (44%) contained 64.9-1755.0 p.p.m. isoeugenyl methyl ether. Isoeugenyl benzyl ether was not detected in any of the investigated products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoeugenyl acetate is present in perfumes/aftershaves, in some products in significant amounts. This may lead to elicitation of contact allergy in isoeugenol-sensitized individuals and may contribute to unchanged levels of isoeugenol sensitization.
authors.affiliation: National Environmental Research Institute, Arhus University, Roskilde, Denmark. scr@dmu.dk
authors.forename: Suresh Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Jeanne Duus
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology; D004987:Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D005054:Eugenol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010476:Perfume / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004987:Ethers; D010476:Perfume; D005054:Eugenol; C036643:isoeugenol; C400781:2-methoxy-4-prop-1-enylphenyl acetate