title: Inhibition of CXCR4 activity with AMD3100 decreases invasion of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect and mechanism of blockade of the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway by AMD3100, a small non-peptide CXCR4 inhibitor, on invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was treated with AMD3100 at different final concentrations. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2.5-dipheny-ltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect the effect of AMD3100 on cell proliferation. The invasion ability of SW480 cells was determined by cell invasion assay kit. In the presence of AMD3100, the CXCL12-mediated migratory response of SW480 cells was tested by classical chemotaxis assays. RT-PCR analysis and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) in SW480 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell viability was significantly suppressed by AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner. AMD3100 (100 and 1000 ng/mL) significantly inhibited the invasion ability of SW480 cells. Treatment with AMD3100 markedly reduced the expression of VEGF and MMP-9 but not MMP-2 in SW480 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CXCL12/CXCR4 system is an important mediator of proliferation and invasion of CXCR4-expressing colorectal cancer cells. AMD3100 inhibited invasion and metastasis activity of the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 through down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-9 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Li-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian-Hai
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001596:Benzylamines; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000080027:Cyclams; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001596:Benzylamines; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D000080027:Cyclams; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C088327:plerixafor