title: Renal biopsy findings in children and adolescents with Fabry disease and minimal albuminuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information concerning renal pathological characteristics in Fabry disease in childhood is limited. Our objective is to define renal morphological abnormalities in children and adolescents with Fabry disease and minimal proteinuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 symptomatic patients (7 males, 2 females; age range, 7 to 18 years); 2 patients had received enzyme replacement therapy for 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal morphological changes assessed by using light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had acroparesthesia and typical eye changes, 7 showed hypohidrosis, 7 had gastrointestinal problems, and 2 had typical angiokeratomas. Mean albumin-creatinine ratio was 38 mg/g [corrected] (range, 5.3 to 104.3 mg/g). [corrected] Measured glomerular filtration rate was normal in all patients. Light microscopy showed changes in glomerular, tubulointerstitial, or vascular compartments alone or in combination in 7 patients. Electron microscopy showed lesions in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glomerular and vascular changes are present before progression to overt proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate. The combination of acroparesthesia and mild albuminuria, glomerular endothelial cell deposits, and arteriopathy may constitute a clinical and morphological combination heralding a potentially progressive renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. camilla.tondel@gmail.com
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tøndel
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bostad
authors.forename: Asle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirth
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svarstad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male