title: Molecular epidemiology of the African horse sickness virus S10 gene.
abstract: Between 2004 and 2006, 145 African horse sickness viruses (AHSV) were isolated from blood and organ samples submitted from South Africa to the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. All nine serotypes were represented, with a range of 3-60 isolates per serotype. The RNA small segment 10 (S10) nucleotide sequences of these isolates were determined and the phylogeny investigated. AHSV, bluetongue virus (BTV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV) all formed monophyletic groups and BTV was genetically closer to AHSV than EEV. This study confirmed the presence of three distinct S10 phylogenetic clades (alpha, beta and gamma). Some serotypes (6, 8 and 9 in alpha; 3 and 7 in beta; 2 in gamma) were restricted to a single clade, while other serotypes (1, 4 and 5) clustered into both the alpha and gamma clades. Strong purifying selection was evident and a constant molecular clock was inappropriate. The S10 gene is the second most variable gene of the AHSV genome and the use of S10 in molecular epidemiology was illustrated by an AHS outbreak in the Western Cape in 2004. It was shown that two separate AHSV were circulating in the area, even though AHSV serotype 1 was the only isolate from the outbreak. The small size of the gene (755-764 bp) and conserved terminal regions facilitate easy and quick sequencing. The establishment of an S10 sequence database is important for characterizing outbreaks of AHS. It will be an essential resource for elucidating the epidemiology of AHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.|Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Melvyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vuuren
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Daleen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.affiliation: Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
mesh_terms: D000355:African Horse Sickness / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D000356:African Horse Sickness Virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000825:Animal Structures / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005838:Genotype; D006736:Horses; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012703:Serotyping; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins