title: Hepatoprotective activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl(4) treated male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl(4)-treated male rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl(4) and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl(4) damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo: extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl(4) induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl(4) mediated liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan college of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Andhra Pradesh, India. ibrahim_cce@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Mohammed Nane
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khaja
authors.forename: Anjum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aara
authors.forename: Aleem Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohammed Aejaz
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Habeeb
authors.forename: Yalavarthy Prameela
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Devi
authors.forename: Mangamoori Lakshmi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Narasu
authors.forename: Chitoor Mohammed
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Habibullah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012250:Rheum; D032127:Sapindus; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups); C106504:UDP-GlcNAc-undecaprenyl phosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl 1-phosphate transferase