title: [Intranasal fentanyl for breakthrough cancer pain. A pilot study.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite regular administration of analgesics, a high percentage of patients with chronic malignant pain experience break-through cancer pain or incident pain. Such pain peaks in patients with chronic malignant pain require "rescue" medication in addition to basic analgesia with for example slow-release morphine or buprenorphine. For rescue medication a fast acting and powerful analgesic should be available to the patient. Recent studies have shown that intranasal fentanyl provides rapid onset of pain relief.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this open pilot study five patients with chronic cancer pain (age: 42-62 years; weight: 55-80 kg) received demand-adapted intranasal fentanyl titration for treatment of acute breakthrough cancer pain. Intranasal fentanyl doses (0.027 mg) were repeated at 5-min intervals until the patients experienced marked pain relief. Pain intensity was evaluated (0-30 min: 5-min intervals; 30-120 min: 10-min intervals) with the aid of a numerical rating scale (0 = no pain; 100 worst pain possible).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patients received 2, 4, 6, 7 or 8 fentanyl boluses (totalling 0.054 mg, 0.108 mg, 0.162 mg, 0.189 mg or 0.216 mg, respectively). Rapid onset and marked reduction of pain intensity was achieved in all five patients. There were no clinically relevant changes in arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation, heart rate, arterial blood pressure or respiratory rate. All five patients scored the pain relief obtained as good or very good. There were no reports of pain or burning sensations in the nose or other side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Steglitz der Freien Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200, Berlin.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Striebel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rieger