title: Effect of long-term partial bladder outlet obstruction on caldesmon isoforms and their correlation with contractile function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we investigate the expression of caldesmon (CAD) isoforms in rabbit detrusor smooth muscles (DSM) during the progression of partial bladder outlet obstruction and relate them with the time course of obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detrusor samples were obtained from the bladders of rabbits with partial bladder outlet obstruction and sham-operated control rabbits after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of obstruction. Contractile responses to field stimulation and carbachol were determined in the isolated bladder strips. Western blotting was used to determine the relative levels of CaD isoform expression at the protein levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contractile responses decreased progressively over the course of obstruction. The expression of l-CaD increased significantly to approximately the same extent as the 1-4-week obstructed groups and further in the 8-week obstructed group. The expression of h-CaD increased in all of the obstructed bladders, but at significantly higher levels in the 1-2-week obstructed bladders compared to the control and 4-8-week obstructed bladders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in the isoforms of CaD may be part of the molecular mechanism for bladder compensation following partial bladder outlet obstruction. The overexpression of l-CaD and the h-CaD/l-CaD ratio could be markers for the status of DSM remodeling and dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, Xi'an Hospital of Medical Collage of Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xioan 710061, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Da-Lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: He-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xin-Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms