title: Microbial challenge-testing of treatment processes for quantifying stormwater recycling risks and management.
abstract: Pathogenic microorganisms have been identified as the main human health risks associated with the reuse of treated urban stormwater (runoff from paved and unpaved urban areas). As part of the Smart Water initiative (Victorian Government, Australia), a collaborative evaluation of three existing integrated stormwater recycling systems, and the risks involved in non-potable reuse of treated urban stormwater is being undertaken. Three stormwater recycling systems were selected at urban locations to provide a range of barriers including biofiltration, storage tanks, UV disinfection, a constructed wetland, and retention ponds. Recycled water from each of the systems is used for open space irrigation. In order to adequately undertake exposure assessments, it was necessary to quantify the efficacy of key barriers in each exposure pathway. Given that none of the selected treatment systems had previously been evaluated for their treatment efficiency, experimental work was carried out comprising dry and wet weather monitoring of each system (for a period of 12 months), as well as challenging the barriers with model microbes (for viruses, bacteria and parasitic protozoa) to provide input data for use in Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. c.davies@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaucner
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ashbolt
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014872:Water Movements; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*