title: Amyloid precursor-like protein 1 is differentially upregulated in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: We have examined the global gene expression profile of small intestinal carcinoids by microarray analysis. High expression of a number of genes was found including amyloid precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1). Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated higher expression of APLP1 in carcinoid metastases relative to primary tumours indicating a role of APLP1 in tumour dissemination. Tissue microarray analysis of gastroentero-pancreatic tumours demonstrated a high frequency of APLP1 expression and a low frequency of APLP2 expression in neuroendocrine (NE) tumours when compared with non-NE tumours at the same sites. Meta-analysis of gene expression data from a large number of tumours outside the gastrointestinal tract confirmed a correlation between APLP1 expression and NE phenotype where high expression of APLP1 was accompanied by downregulation of APLP2 in NE tumours. Cellular localization of APLP1, APLP2 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in carcinoid cells (GOT1) by confocal microscopy demonstrated partial co-localization with synaptophysin. This suggests that the APP family of proteins is transported to the cell membrane by synaptic microvesicles and that they may influence tumour cell adhesion and invasiveness. We conclude that APLP1 is differentially upregulated in gastrointestinal NE tumours and that APLP1 may be important for the dissemination of small intestinal carcinoids. Identification of APLP1 in NE tumours offers a novel target for treatment and may also serve as a tumour-specific marker.
authors.affiliation: Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula stråket 8, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. yvonne.arvidsson@gu.se
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.forename: Ellinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Mattias K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altiparmak
authors.forename: Ann-Christin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Illerskog
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlman
authors.forename: Darima
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamazhapova
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C091042:APBB1 protein, human; C489697:APLP1 protein, human; C084104:APLP2 protein, human; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins