title: Full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal lumbar discectomy versus conventional microsurgical technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study of patients with lumbar disc herniations, operated either in a full-endoscopic or microsurgical technique.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of results of lumbar discectomies in full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal technique with the conventional microsurgical technique.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Even with good results, conventional disc operations may result in subsequent damage due to trauma. Endoscopic techniques have become the standard in many areas because of the advantages they offer intraoperatively and after surgery. With the transforaminal and interlaminar techniques, 2 full-endoscopic procedures are available for lumbar disc operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-eight patients with full-endoscopic or microsurgical discectomy underwent follow-up for 2 years. In addition to general and specific parameters, the following measuring instruments were used: VAS, German version North American Spine Society Instrument, Oswestry Low-Back Pain Disability Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery 82% of the patients no longer had leg pain, and 14% had occasional pain. The clinical results were the same in both groups. The recurrence rate was 6.2% with no difference between the groups. The full-endoscopic techniques brought significant advantages in the following areas: back pain, rehabilitation, complications, and traumatization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical results of the full-endoscopic technique are equal to those of the microsurgical technique. At the same time, there are advantages in the operation technique and reduced traumatization. With the surgical devices and the possibility of selecting an interlaminar or posterolateral to lateral transforaminal procedure, lumbar disc herniations outside and inside the spinal canal can be sufficiently removed using the full-endoscopic technique, when taking the appropriate criteria into account. Full-endoscopic surgery is a sufficient and safe supplementation and alternative to microsurgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spine Surgery and Pain Therapy, Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, St. Anna-Hospital Herne, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herne, Germany. info@s-ruetten.com
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruetten
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komp
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merk
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godolias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D017587:Diskectomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012008:Recurrence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome