title: Central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections occurring in Canadian intensive care units: A six-month cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate and risk factors associated with central venous catheter (CVC)-associated bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Canadian intensive care units (ICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, active six-month cohort with a nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one ICUs located in 19 Canadian hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using a standardized format on all CVCs and patients when a CVC was inserted for more than 48 h. Results of microbiological studies and therapeutic interventions were recorded when a BSI occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 182 BSIs from 3696 CVC insertions in 2531 patients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were responsible for 73% of the BSIs. Mean rates of CVC-associated BSIs per 1000 CVC days were 6.9, 6.8 and 5.0 in adult, neonatal and pediatric ICUs, respectively. Significant factors associated with BSI included duration of CVC insertion (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.3), receiving total parenteral nutrition (OR=4.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.3) and having one or more CVCs (OR=3.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 6.5). In the case-control study, 80% of the variance in a backward elimination logistic regression analysis was explained by duration of CVC insertion (OR=1.2 per day), receiving chemotherapy (OR=6.1), more than one CVC insertion during the study (OR=3.5), insertion of a CVC with two or more lumens (OR=2.3), using the CVC to administer total parenteral nutrition (OR=1.6) and having a surgical wound other than a clean wound (OR=1.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study identified risk factors explaining 80% of the variance associated with BSIs and is one of the largest reports on the rate of CVC-associated BSIs occurring in the ICU setting.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conly
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Embree
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thompson