title: A case of a lower pole renal calculus managed with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 50-year-old man presented to an outpatient urology clinic with left-sided flank pain. He had received treatment for a left renal pelvis calculus 5 years earlier; shock wave lithotripsy had been unsuccessful and ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy had left the patient with a 2 mm residual stone fragment. The fragment was deemed clinically insignificant, and the patient remained asymptomatic without any further follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical examination, CT of the abdomen and pelvis, and complete metabolic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left lower pole renal calculus and idiopathic hypercalciuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was counseled about his treatment options, and he elected to undergo percutaneous nephrolithotomy. After a single-stage procedure, CT confirmed a stone-free state. The patient was administered thiazide therapy and dietary counseling to treat his hypercalciuria. This condition resolved, and the patient remained stone-free 1 year after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Matlaga
mesh_terms: D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography