title: Dynamic distribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and change of pathology after infusing into mdx mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are attractive candidates for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) but how the donor MSC distribute in multiple organs and whether the increased dystrophin leads to a change in the pathology of mdx mice is still uncertain. In this research we detected the distribution of MSC and the pathology of mdx mice after MSC infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSC were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM) and expanded in proliferation medium. MSC of the fifth passage were delivered intravenously into irradiated mdx mice. The distribution of MSC labeled by [3H]TdR into a recipient's organs was calculated by radioactivity. The expression of dystrophin was detected at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16 after MSC transplantation by immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR and Western blot. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and centrally nucleated fiber (CNF) were also detected to assess the change in pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24-48 h after transplantation, MSC were mainly found in the BM, liver and lung. The radioactivity in these organs decreased, whereas skeletal and myocardial muscle radioactivity increased gradually over time. In accordance with the increased radioactivity in skeletal muscle, the amount of dystrophin-positive myofibers increased. Furthermore, serum CK and CNF decreased slightly, suggesting specific pathophysiologic features of the dystrophic muscle were partially restored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upon certification of the distribution of transplanted MSC in irradiated mdx mice, we found evidence of myogenic differentiation of MSC in skeletal muscle. This research may help us understand the mechanism of therapy of MSC transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: X-L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Z-S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y-N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D018101:Mice, Inbred mdx; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D016189:Dystrophin; D014316:Tritium; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine