title: A social influence model of alcohol use for inner-city adolescents: family drinking, perceived drinking norms, and perceived social benefits of drinking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social influences to drink are important predictors of adolescent drinking. This study explored a social influence model of drinking among inner-city adolescents. We examined the role of family drinking and perceived drinking norms in predicting 1-year follow-up perceived social benefits of drinking and the relationship of perceived social benefits of drinking with 2-year follow-up adolescent drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the present study were from the control schools of a randomized trial investigating the etiology and prevention of adolescent alcohol use. During a class period at baseline in seventh grade, participants completed a questionnaire that measured self-reported alcohol use and potential predictors. The panel sample consisted of 1,318 students from baseline (seventh grade), 1-year follow-up (eighth grade), and 2-year follow-up (ninth grade).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural equation modeling found that both family drinking and perceived drinking norms affected the perceived benefits of drinking. In turn, the perceived benefits of drinking predicted subsequent drinking, controlling for earlier drinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illuminate the importance of the perceived benefits of drinking, as well as social influences to drink, in adolescent drinking. Therefore, they should be incorporated into alcohol prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Division of Prevention and Health Behavior, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA. jepstein@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Gilbert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Botvin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D003469:Culture; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009519:New York City; D012919:Social Behavior; D012945:Social Values; D012951:Socialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population