title: Chronic facial sarcoidosis including lupus pernio: clinical description and proposed scoring systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facial lesions including lupus pernio are often a form of chronic cutaneous sarcoidosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the intra- and inter-observer consistency of objective measures of chronic facial lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of patients with chronic cutaneous facial lesions including lupus pernio. The lesions were evaluated using two methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 25 patients studied, 23 were women and 24 were African American. Lungs (24 patients), sinuses (11 patients), and eyes (7 patients) were also affected. The Sarcoidosis Activity and Severity Index (SASI) characterized individual areas of the face, with 95% of the observations being less than 2 points from the median. A facial SASI total gave a score for the entire face and 93.2% of the scores were within 3 points of the median.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with sarcoidosis and chronic facial lesions often have lung, sinus, and eye involvement. The SASI is a reproducible scoring system for chronic facial lesions.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA. bob.baughman@uc.edu
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teirstein
authors.forename: Elyse E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lower
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Rozsa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlenker-Herceg
authors.forename: Elliot S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barnathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index