Sphingolipids in macroautophagy.
Sphingolipids are constituents of biological membranes. Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) also act as second messengers and are part of a rheostat system, in which ceramide promotes cell death and growth arrest, and S1P induces proliferation and maintains cell survival. As macroautophagy is a lysosomal catabolic mechanism involved in determining the duration of the lifetime of cells, we raised the question of its regulation by sphingolipid messengers. Using chemical and genetic methods, we have shown by GFP-LC3 staining and analysis of the degradation of long-lived proteins that both ceramide and S1P stimulate autophagy.
Lavieu
Grégory
G
Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY. USA.
Scarlatti
Francesca
F
Sala
Giusy
G
Carpentier
Stéphane
S
Levade
Thierry
T
Ghidoni
Riccardo
R
Botti
Joëlle
J
Codogno
Patrice
P
D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
D002518:Ceramides; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D013107:Sphingolipids; D013110:Sphingosine; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate