title: Acrolein with an alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl group inhibits LPS-induced homodimerization of toll-like receptor 4.
abstract: Acrolein is a highly electrophilic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde present in a number of environmental sources, especially cigarette smoke. It reacts strongly with the thiol groups of cysteine residues by Michael addition and has been reported to inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mechanism by which it inhibits NF-kappaB is not clear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in sensing microbial components and inducing innate immune responses, and LPS-induced dimerization of TLR4 is required for activation of downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dimerization of TLR4 may be one of the first events involved in activating TLR4-mediated signaling pathways. Stimulation of TLR4 by LPS activates both myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFNbeta(TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways leading to activation of NF-kappaB and IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Acrolein inhibited NF-kappaB and IRF3 activation by LPS, but it did not inhibit NF-kappaB or IRF3 activation by MyD88, inhibitor kappaB kinase (IKK)beta, TRIF, or TNF-receptor-associated factor family member-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Acrolein inhibited LPS-induced dimerization of TLR4, which resulted in the down-regulation of NF-kappaB and IRF3 activation. These results suggest that activation of TLRs and subsequent immune/inflammatory responses induced by endogenous molecules or chronic infection can be modulated by certain chemicals with a structural motif that enables Michael addition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-745, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeon-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyung Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Youn
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000171:Acrolein; D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D050838:Interferon Regulatory Factor-3; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C476286:Ticam1 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse