title: Prevalence, impact, and prognosis of multisomatoform disorder in primary care: a 5-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the prevalence, impact, and prognosis of multisomatoform disorder (MSD) over a 5-year period in a primary care population. Although somatization is prevalent in primary care, patients rarely meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for somatization disorder. MSD, defined as > or = 3 bothersome, medically unexplained somatic symptoms, has been proposed as a more inclusive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 500 adults presenting to a primary care clinic with a physical symptom were screened with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Symptom count was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire 15-item somatic symptom scale. Additional baseline measures included functional status and symptom characteristics. Follow-up surveys at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 5 years assessed functioning, symptom outcome, psychiatric diagnoses, and patient satisfaction. Physician surveys assessed encounter difficulty. Utilization was obtained from our health database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSD had an 8% prevalence at both baseline (n = 38/500) and at 5 years (n = 33/387). MSD persisted in 21% of those with MSD at baseline, and developed in 7% of those without MSD at baseline. MSD at baseline was a predictor of MSD at 5 years (relative risk (RR) = 2.7, 1.5-5.1). MSD patients were more likely to have comorbid mental disorders (RR = 1.5, 1.1-2.3) and be rated "difficult" by their clinicians (p = .02). They also reported worse functional status at all time points assessed (p < .001 for all), were less likely to experience symptom improvement, and had higher utilization rates (34.1 versus 23.1 visits; p = .006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSD identifies a group of patients who are less likely to experience symptom improvement and have significant functional impairment and higher utilization rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA. jejackson@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroenke
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D012803:Sick Role; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014600:Utilization Review