title: Histone H2AX phosphorylation independent of ATM after X-irradiation in mouse liver and kidney in situ.
abstract: Histone H2AX undergoes phosphorylation at Ser-139 (gamma-H2AX) rapidly in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation. The post-translational modification of H2AX plays a central role in responses to radiation, including the repair of DSBs. Although ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase phosphorylates Ser-139 of H2AX in vitro, the post-translational modification pattern and the modifier of H2AX in organs in vivo are not yet well understood. In this study, we detected phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser-139 in cells of the mouse ear, liver, and kidney after X-irradiation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of H2AX was regulated depending on not only the cell type, but also the organ type and the localization of a cell type in an organ. Following X-irradiation, H2AX was phosphorylated in the liver and kidney of ATM gene knockout mice, suggesting that ATM kinase is not essential for phosphorylation of H2AX in these organs after X-irradiation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: DNA Repair Gene Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan. m_koike@nirs.go.jp
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mashino
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugasawa
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse