title: Beta-blocker pharmacogenetics in heart failure.
abstract: Beta-blockers (metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol) are a cornerstone of heart failure (HF) treatment. However, it is well recognized that responses to a beta-blocker are variable among patients with HF. Numerous studies now suggest that genetic polymorphisms may contribute to variability in responses to a beta-blocker, including left ventricular ejection fraction improvement, survival, and hospitalization due to HF exacerbation. This review summarizes the pharmacogenetic data for beta-blockers in patients with HF and discusses the potential implications of beta-blocker pharmacogenetics for HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA.
authors.forename: Jaekyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2