title: Yeast biomass production in brewery's spent grains hemicellulosic hydrolyzate.
abstract: Yeast single-cell protein and yeast extract, in particular, are two products which have many feed, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. However, many of these applications are limited by their market price. Specifically, the yeast extract requirements for culture media are one of the major technical hurdles to be overcome for the development of low-cost fermentation routes for several top value chemicals in a biorefinery framework. A potential biotechnical solution is the production of yeast biomass from the hemicellulosic fraction stream. The growth of three pentose-assimilating yeast cell factories, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, and Pichia stipitis was compared using non-detoxified brewery's spent grains hemicellulosic hydrolyzate supplemented with mineral nutrients. The yeasts exhibited different specific growth rates, biomass productivities, and yields being D. hansenii as the yeast species that presented the best performance, assimilating all sugars and noteworthy consuming most of the hydrolyzate inhibitors. Under optimized conditions, D. hansenii displayed a maximum specific growth rate, biomass yield, and productivity of 0.34 h(-1), 0.61 g g(-1), and 0.56 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively. The nutritional profile of D. hansenii was thoroughly evaluated, and it compares favorably to others reported in literature. It contains considerable amounts of some essential amino acids and a high ratio of unsaturated over saturated fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: INETI, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Florbela
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carvalheiro
authors.forename: Sónia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neves
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gírio
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose