title: Relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels with metabolic syndrome among US adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research on the combined association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with metabolic syndrome may have been limited by restricted age variability and a lack of representation of the general population. This study examined the combined association of 25(OH)D and PTH with Adult Treatment Panel III-defined MetSyn among a nationally representative sample of US adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based cross-sectional study included 834 men and 820 women aged > or =20 years without diagnosed diabetes who completed a physical examination as part of the 2003-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, lifestyle factors, total calcium, and energy intake, the odds ratio (OR) for MetSyn in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (median 88.0 nmol/l) compared with the lowest quintile (median 26.8 nmol/l) was 0.27 (0.15, 0.46; P(trend)<0.001). This relation was unchanged after additional adjustment for PTH level (OR, 0.26; 0.15, 0.44; P(trend)<0.001) and did not differ by sex (P interaction 0.6) or age (< or > or =50 years; P interaction 0.2). In contrast, the multivariable-adjusted odds for MetSyn increased with increasing PTH among older men (P(trend) 0.004), but not younger men (P(trend) 0.4) or women regardless of age (P(trend) 0.4 in younger and older women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest an inverse association of 25(OH)D with MetSyn, independent of potential confounding factors, calcium intake, and PTH, and a positive association of PTH with MetSyn among older men.
authors.affiliation: Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. jreis@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Jared P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Mühlen
authors.forename: Edgar R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C470125:PTH protein, human; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D