title: Plasmodium falciparum-free merozoites and infected RBCs distinctly affect soluble CD40 ligand-mediated maturation of immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: Free plasmodium merozoites released from the parasitized hepatocytes and erythrocytes represent a transitory, extracellular stage in its mammalian host. In this study, we compared the effect of Plasmodium falciparum-free merozoites with infected RBCs (iRBCs) on the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Phagocytosed-free merozoites prevented soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L)-induced, phenotypic maturation of DCs and secretion of IL-12p70 but enhanced IL-10 production and primed, naive CD4+ cells to produce a high level of IL-10 compared with IFN-gamma. Free merozoites augmented sCD40L-induced ERK1/2 activation, and inhibition of ERK1/2 with its inhibitor PD98059 markedly abrogated IL-10 production and rescued IL-12 production. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms by which free merozoites antagonized sCD40L-induced DC maturation appeared to involve the activation of the ERK pathway. In contrast, phagocytosed iRBCs by itself induced DCs to semi-maturation, responded to CD40 signaling by maturing and secreting increased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and also IL-12p70, and led to a pronounced, proinflammatory response by the allogenic CD4+ T cells. iRBCs regulate CD40-induced p38MAPK. Studies using inhibitors selective for p38MAPK (SB203580) showed that p38MAPK played an essential role in the maturation and function of DCs. Our results reveal the ability of free merozoites and iRBCs to distinctly alter the sCD40L-induced DC functioning by regulating the activation of the MAPK pathway that can inactivate or exacerbate immune responses to promote their survival and the development of parasite-specific pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), P.O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India. paushali@icgeb.res.in
authors.forename: Paushali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Virander Singh
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chauhan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology; D052940:Merozoites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases