title: Parents of childhood X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: high risk for depression and neurosis.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess mental health in parents of patients with the childhood cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (CCALD) and to investigate factors relating to psychological problems in order to improve clinical management and quality of life. Sixteen fathers and 21 mothers of patients with CCALD completed a battery of psychological examinations including the Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II), the General Health Questionnaire 60 (GHQ60), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Three fathers and 11 mothers showed high scores on the BDI-II, suggesting that they were in a depressive state. Depression in the mothers was serious as compared with previous reports. Six fathers and 11 mothers were considered to be in a state of neurosis, according to the results of the GHQ60. Four fathers and 8 mothers showed high levels of anxiety on the STAI. Health and social status of the mothers correlated with their mental health, and younger mothers with young patients tended to be more depressed. Thus, parents of patients with CCALD have a high risk of depression and neurosis. Understanding the mental state of these parents and improvements in the social support system including mental counseling, home nursing care, supports in workplace and community are necessary to prevent and treat psychological problems. Especially, early intervention for mental health problems should be provided for younger mothers with few years since the child's diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan. kura@gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuratsubo
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimozawa
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000326:Adrenoleukodystrophy / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology