title: Purple carrot (Daucus carota L.) polyacetylenes decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophage and endothelial cells.
abstract: Carrots ( Daucus carota L.) contain phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolics, polyacetylenes, isocoumarins, and sesquiterpenes. Purple carrots also contain anthocyanins. The anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and phytochemicals from purple carrots was investigated by determining attenuation of the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A bioactive chromatographic fraction (Sephadex LH-20) reduced LPS inflammatory response. There was a dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production and mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and iNOS in macrophage cells. Protein secretions of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were reduced 77 and 66% in porcine aortic endothelial cells treated with 6.6 and 13.3 microg/mL of the LH-20 fraction, respectively. Preparative liquid chromatography resulted in a bioactive subfraction enriched in the polyacetylene compounds falcarindiol, falcarindiol 3-acetate, and falcarinol. The polyacetylenes were isolated and reduced nitric oxide production in macrophage cells by as much as 65% without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that polyacetylenes, not anthocyanins, in purple carrots are responsible for anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of WisconsinMadison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. bmetzger@standardprocess.com
authors.forename: Brandon T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Jess D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D053279:Polyynes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053279:Polyynes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II