title: Acquisition of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women: the Hawaii HPV Cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of anal cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, yet little is known about women's risk of acquisition of anal HPV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk factors for the acquisition of anal HPV infection were examined in a longitudinal cohort study of 431 women, via repeated measurement of HPV DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of women were positive for anal HPV infection at one or more clinic visits from baseline through a follow-up period that averaged 1.3 years. The incidence of a high-risk (HR) infection was 19.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.0-23.6) per 1000 woman-months. The most common incident HR HPV types were HPV-53, -52 and -16. The presence of an HR anal HPV infection at baseline increased the risk of an incident anal infection by 65%. Baseline HR cervical HPV infection also predicted the acquisition of an HR anal HPV infection (odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.09-3.02]). Nonviral risk factors for acquisition of HR HPV infection included younger age, lower socioeconomic status, greater lifetime number of sexual partners, past use of hormones, and condom use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that women's risk of anal HPV infection is as common as their risk of cervical HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Etiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA. marc@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Yurii B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shvetsov
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McDuffie
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Killeen
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamemoto
authors.forename: Brenda Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000821:virology*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral