title: [Chronic kidney disease--diagnostic problems].
abstract: Current data indicate that the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often late. It is estimated that 20-50% of adult patients start dialysis therapy without prior contact with a nephrologist. In contrast to early referral patients (both children and adults), late referral to nephrologist is related to poorer clinical status, hypertension and more severe uremic symptoms. Late referral is also associated with longer hospitalization, higher treatment costs and early deaths on dialysis. Factors influenced on the late diagnosis of CKD in children, as well as the late referral to a nephrologist, are discussed in the present review.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Nefrologii Pediatrycznej AM we Wrocławiu.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zwolińska
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000175:diagnosis*