title: Decorin is a secreted protein associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the expression of the small leucine-rich glycoprotein decorin in adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time PCR was used to measure decorin gene expression in adipose tissue from normal glucose tolerant (NGT), impaired glucose tolerant and type 2 diabetic (T2D) Psammomys obesus. Adipose tissue was fractionated to determine which cells were responsible for decorin expression. The location of decorin protein expression in adipose tissue was determined using immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR was used to measure decorin mRNA levels in human adipose tissue from 16 insulin-sensitive, 16 insulin-resistant and 6 T2D human subjects. Circulating plasma decorin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 145 NGT and 141 T2D human individuals from a large-scale epidemiological study in Mauritius.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Decorin mRNA was found to be highly expressed in adipose tissue, and decorin gene expression was significantly higher in visceral than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in both P. obesus and human subjects (P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). Decorin mRNA was predominantly expressed by stromal/vascular cells of adipose tissue, and decorin protein in adipose tissue was primarily detected adjacent to blood vessels. Circulating plasma decorin levels in humans were elevated by 12% in T2D (P=0.049) compared to NGT subjects. There was a significant independent correlation between plasma decorin levels and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, P=0.024). In male subjects, plasma decorin levels were significantly correlated with WHR (P=0.006), and fasting and 2-h glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (P=0.027 and P=0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decorin expression in adipose tissue was markedly upregulated in the obese state and may therefore play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis or in pathophysiology associated with obesity.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Unit, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jowett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heilbronn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abberton
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimmet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walder
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D058575:Decorin; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005849:Gerbillinae; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger