title: Possibilities and potential roles of estrogen in the pathogenesis of proliferation hemangiomas formation.
abstract: Hemangiomas, often categorized as angiogenic diseases, are the most common tumors of infancy, the life span of which is generally divided into proliferating phase, involuting phase, and involuted phase. Despite their high prevalence, the mechanism leading to proliferation hemangiomas formation is poorly understood and the best approach to their management remains controversial. None of the current therapeutic modalities is ideal, partly because the pathogenesis of hemangioma and the mechanism of its proliferation are far from clear. Many clues reveal that estrogen has an important role in developing the vascular system, experimental and clinical evidences accumulated in recent years also suggest the potential for estrogen to influence neovascularization. Based on those, we hypothesize that estrogen play a potential role in the development of hemangiomas, mainly by regulating some key angiogenic factors, including MMP-9, EPCs, VEGF, NO, etc. Accepting the hypothesis to be correct, a therapy that identify estrogen as a potential target for the design of new, more specific treatments can be used to prevent the proliferation hemangiomas formation. The hypothesis may lead a new direction in the study of mechanisms for proliferation hemangiomas formation, and further study of the precise mechanisms for estrogen-induced hemangiomas will produce effective antiestrogens and estrogen receptor antagonists as new medication for the very difficult problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cheng-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Da-Li
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Lei
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Guo-You
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guo-Qian
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Pin
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Kai
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Man-Jing
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shang-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ke-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-Zhong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9