title: Laparoscopic ureterocutaneostomy for urinary diversion in selected infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary surgical correction has obviated the need for urinary diversion in many fields of pediatric obstructive and refluxive uropathy. However, a small number of children are not suitable for primary surgical correction and require temporary diversion. We present a small series of infants who underwent minimally invasive ureterocutaneostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four infants (age 1-13 months) underwent laparoscopic ureterocutaneostomy. The indication for urinary diversion was a primary obstructive megaureter in 2 patients, deterioration of kidney function due to a posterior urethral valve in 1, and refluxive uropathy of a dysplastic single kidney in another. Laparoscopic ureteral diversion was performed using a 3 trocar technique. In 3 patients, both ureters were identified above the crossing of the iliac vessels and exteriorized through the right and left trocar incision respectively. A loop ureterocutaneostomy was performed in 3, and an end ureterocutaneostomy in 1 patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laparoscopic ureterocutaneostomy was feasible and there were no complications in any of the infants. The mean duration of operation was 111 minutes (range 85 to 145). Isotope renography after a mean follow-up of 11 months (range 2 to 16) revealed improved renal drainage in 3 infants, while 1 required kidney transplantation due to progressive renal insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic ureterocutaneostomy in infants is feasible. It may be considered in a selected group of patients with obstructive or refluxive uropathy in whom urinary diversion is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. metzelder.martin@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metzelder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ure
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014519:Ureterostomy / Q000379:methods*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*