title: Symptoms and signs of port-related infections in oncology patients related to the offending pathogens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is limited information about symptoms and signs of port-related infections linking to their offending pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oncology patients proven to have port-related infections were retrospectively analysed. We divided them into two subgroups according to their symptoms and signs. Onset of fever and chills with or without hypotension following the port flush was classified as 'port flush form infection'. Presence of local inflammatory signs, including erythema, warmth, tenderness and pus formation and systemic infection signs, including fever, chills with or without hypotension was classified as 'local inflammatory form infection'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 29 episodes of port-related infection among 28 patients, with port flush form 22 episodes and local inflammatory form seven episodes. Of 22 episodes of port flush form infections, 20 (91%) were nosocomial glucose non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli, with Acinetobacter baumannii (11 episodes, 50%) and Enterobacter cloacae (four episodes, 18%) the most common. Polymicrobial infections occurred in four episodes (18%). Candida infection occurred in two episodes (9%). Of seven episodes of local inflammatory form infections, six (86%) were gram-positive cocci, with Staphylococcus aureus (five episodes, 71%) the most common. The time from port implantation to its infection was 272 +/- 255 days (30-993 days) for the port flush form infections and 82 +/- 87 days (22-265 days) for the local inflammatory form infections. This difference was not significant difference (p = 0.068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences between infection of patients with port flush form and local inflammatory form in incidence and offending microorganism suggest that the aetiology of infection were different.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H-K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T-S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C-T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Liau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents