title: Computer-assisted surgical planning and image-guided surgical navigation in refractory adult scoliosis surgery: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: METHODS
  Case report and literature review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this case report, we present the utility of computer-assisted surgical planning and image-guided surgical navigation in the planning and execution of a major osteotomy to correct severe kyphoscoliosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Computer-assisted surgical planning is useful to appreciate the three-dimensional nature of scoliotic deformities and allows for operative maneuvers to be simulated on a computer before their implementation in the operating room. Image-guided surgical navigation improves surgical accuracy and can help translate a virtual surgical plan to the operative setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with severe, congenital kyphoscoliosis refractory to many previous surgeries, who presents with moderate progressive myelopathy and severe pain attributable to a sharp angular deformity at T12. Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction and computer-assisted surgical planning were used to determine the optimal corrective osteotomy. The surgical plan was translated to the operating room where a posterior vertebrectomy and instrumented correction were executed with the aid of image-guided surgical navigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The osteotomy was safely performed resulting in improved sagittal and coronal alignments, as well as, correction of the sharp kyphoscoliotic deformity at the thoracolumbar junction. At 6-month follow-up, the patient's myelopathy and pain had largely resolved and she expressed high satisfaction with the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We advocate this novel application of virtual surgical planning and intraoperative surgical navigation to improve the safety and efficacy of complex spinal deformity corrections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Lionel N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface