title: Carbohydrate supplementation before operation retains intestinal barrier function and lowers bacterial translocation in a rat model of major abdominal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overnight fasting of rats augments the susceptibility of the small intestine to ischemia-reperfusion damage. Feeding before surgery may improve injuries to distant organs that were induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The present study tested the hypothesis that one of the food constituents, namely carbohydrates, may be responsible for the protective effect of preoperative feeding on postoperative organ dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum for 5 d and had either free access to water or free access to a carbohydrate drink and water. Then they were fasted for 16 h and access remained to either water or a carbohydrate drink and water. Following this, the arteria mesenterica superior was clamped for 60 min followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Subsequently, the intestinal permeability of stripped ileum was determined by measuring the mucosal to serosal flux in Ussing chambers. For assessment of bacterial content, organs were aseptically removed and assessed for bacterial content by culture under anaerobic conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative supplementation with carbohydrates resulted in a better maintenance of intestinal barrier function when compared with water supplemented animals. Moreover, carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a reduction in the ischemiareperfusion-induced increase in bacterial content of the liver, kidney, and mesenteric lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative intake of carbohydrates by rats retains both the intestinal barrier function and prevents translocation of bacteria to distant organs.
authors.affiliation: Numico Research BV, Wageningen, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hetty
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bouritius
authors.forename: Danny C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: van Hoorn
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oosting
authors.forename: Mariska C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Middelaar-Voskuilen
authors.forename: Cees J P
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Limpt
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Aldwin J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vriesema
authors.forename: Klaske
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Norren
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005215:Fasting; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000382:microbiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000517:prevention & control; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates