title: [Progress in diagnostics of anorectal disorders. Part I: anatomic background and clinical and neurologic procedures].
abstract: Diagnostics and therapy of anorectal disorders are still questions of surgery. Exact knowledge of functional anatomy and precise clinical examination constitute the basis for the resulting therapeutic strategies. Three-dimensional endosonography and technical advances in flexible endoscopy using high-resolution chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging enable exact staging and diagnosis, even of malignancies in earliest stages. Furthermore new in-vivo staining methods combined with high-resolution imaging facilitate the discrimination of inflammatory and neoplastic lesions, which often lead to diagnostic difficulties in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Developments in neurologic testing, including surface electromyography and sacral nerve stimulation, complement the diagnostic armamentarium.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburgerallee 160, 23538 Lübeck.
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mirow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Czymek
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Habermann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bruch
authors.forename: U J
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Roblick
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D019160:Endosonography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology