title: An open randomized study of the treatment of escitalopram alone and combined with gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and naltrexone in alcoholic patients.
abstract: gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram are effective in inducing and maintaining abstinence in alcohol. Naltrexone (NTX), an opioid antagonist, may be effective in preventing relapse in alcohol-dependent subjects. To evaluate whether each drug and its combination help to maintain alcohol abstinence, we determined the relapse rate over 6 months in 3 groups of patients. Group 1 (11 patients) received escitalopram (20 mg/day) orally administered; group 2 (12 patients) received NTX (50 mg/day) and escitalopram (20 mg/day); group 3 (12 patients) received GHB (75 mg/kg body weight) and escitalopram (20 mg/day); and group 4 (12 patients) received NTX (50mg/day) plus GHB (75 mg/kg) and escitalopram (20 mg/day). All groups received psychological support and underwent urine tests for alcohol metabolites twice a week. In group 1 (escitalopram only), 6 patients relapsed within 3 months and 3 after 6 months; whereas 2 patients remained abstinent. In group 2 (SSRI+NTX), 5 patients relapsed after 3 months and 3 after 6 months; whereas 4 patients remained abstinent. In group 3 (GHB+SSRI), 3 patients relapsed after 3 months and 3 after 6 months; whereas 6 patients remained abstinent. Finally, in group 4 (NTX+GHB+SSRI), 1 patient relapsed after 3 months and 1 after 6 months, whereas 10 patients remain abstinent. In conclusion, the combination of NTX+GHB+SSRI was the most effective in preventing relapses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli", Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. luigi.stella@unina2.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Addolorato
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capuano
authors.forename: Liberato
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Sabatino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maione
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D009271:Naltrexone; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C111420:4-hydroxybutyric acid