title: An unusual multiplex systemic lupus erythematosus family with high prevalence of nephropathy, late-onset disease, and one member with disease-onset post-HIV therapy.
abstract: In the present study, we report the clinical characteristics of a unique systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) multiplex family with 6 of its members affected by the disease, 1 of them being male. Four patients showed nephropathy, 2 of them with late-onset SLE (52 and 55-year-old), one with cutaneous and articular involvement, and another one developing lupus after 5 years undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Notwithstanding the genetic load, the fact that 2 patients showed late-onset disease, and the extreme delay of the appearance of SLE after HAART in the proband suggest that not only genetic, but other--mainly environmental--factors are necessarily required for the development of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, México City, México.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakez-Ocampo
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Maravilla
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Richaud-Patin
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soto-Vega
authors.forename: Yemil
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atisha-Fregoso
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Llorente
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree