title: Ophthalmic examination findings in a colony of Screech owls (Megascops asio).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report ophthalmic findings in the Screech owl (Megascops asio). Sample population Twenty-three, apparently healthy adult captive Screech owls in Maryland.
  
  
  METHODS
  OU of all owls underwent complete ophthalmic examination. One randomly assigned eye of each bird was measured by phenol red thread tear test (PRT), and the other eye by Schirmer tear test (STT). TonoVet rebound tonometry and TonoPen-XL applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to measure IOP. Conjunctival swabs were cultured from one eye of 10 birds, corneal diameter was measured in OU of eight birds, and streak retinoscopy was performed on OU of seven birds. Ten birds were anesthetized, and A-scan ultrasonography using a 15-MHz probe was performed to obtain axial intraocular measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ophthalmic abnormalities were noted in 24/46 (52%) of eyes. Median STT result was < or = 2 mm/min, ranging < or = 2-6 mm/min, and mean +/- SD PRT was 15 +/- 4.3 mm/15 s. Mean +/- SD IOP were 9 +/- 1.8 mmHg TonoVet-P, 14 +/- 2.4 mmHg TonoVet-D, and 11 +/- 1.9 mmHg TonoPen-XL. Coagulase negative staphylococcal organisms were cultured from all conjunctival swabs. Mean +/- SD corneal dimensions were 14.5 +/- 0.5 mm vertically and 15.25 +/- 0.5 mm horizontally. All refracted birds were within one diopter of emmetropia. Mean +/- SD axial distance from the cornea to the anterior lens capsule was 4.03 +/- 0.3 mm, from cornea to the posterior lens capsule was 10.8 +/- 0.5 mm, and from cornea to sclera was 20.33 +/- 0.6 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports ophthalmic examination findings in Screech owls, and provide means and ranges for various ocular measurements. This is the first report of rebound tonometry and PRT in owls.
authors.affiliation: Wildlife Center of Virginia, PO Box 1557, Waynesboro, VA 22980, USA. mch07@vt.edu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schorling
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Elvinger
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D012016:Reference Values; D020305:Strigiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary