title: Stem-cell-abundant proteins Nanog, Nucleostemin and Musashi1 are highly expressed in malignant cervical epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nanog, nucleostemin (NS) and musashi1 (Msi1) are proteins that are highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells and have been shown to be essential in maintaining the pluripotency and regulating the proliferation and asymmetric division of ES cells and several nervous system tumor cells. The roles of Nanog, NS and Msi1 in development and progression of cervical carcinoma have, until now, not been well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, expression of Nanog, NS and Msi1 was detected by immunohistochemistry analysis in 235 patients with various degrees of cervical epithelial lesions, including 49 with normal cervical epithelia, 31 with mild dysplasia (CIN I), 77 with moderate-severe dysplasia (CIN II-III) and 78 with squamous cervical carcinomas (SCCs). Associations with various clinical pathological prognostic variables were analyzed in 50 early-stage SCC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanog, NS and Msi1 expression levels were significantly higher in SCC patients compared with CIN patients, and were higher in CIN patients compared with those with normal cervical epithelia. Nanog expression levels showed significantly differences according to different tumor sizes (P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in NS and Msi1 expression levels according to different clinical pathological parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that Nanog, NS and Msi1 may be involved in carcinogenesis of the cervix and progression of cervical carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xueshi Rd #2, Hangzhou, 310006, China. yefyef@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jiajie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Huaizeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009423:Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C469949:GNL3 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C491297:MSI1 protein, human; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins