title: An integrated wastewater reuse concept combining natural reclamation techniques, membrane filtration and metal oxide adsorption.
abstract: In a Sino-German research project, a sustainable water reclamation concept was developed for different applications of municipal water reuse at the Olympic Green 2008 in Beijing, China. Results from pilot-scale experiments in Beijing and Berlin show that selective nutrient removal by adsorption onto granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) after a membrane bioreactor (MBR) can maintain a total phosphorus concentration of <0.03 microg L(-1) P, thus preventing eutrophication of artificial lakes. Operation time of GFH adsorption columns can be extended by regeneration using sodium hydroxide solution. A subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) membrane after bank filtration creates an additional barrier for pathogens and allows for further urban reuse applications such as toilet flushing. Short term bank / bio-filtration prior to UF is shown to effectively remove biopolymers and reduce membrane fouling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Sekr. KF 4, Str. des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sperlich
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jekel
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D019149:Bioreactors; D002681:China; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005858:Germany; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010758:Phosphorus; C021024:ferric hydroxide