title: Continuum mechanics analysis of fracture progression in the vitrified cryoprotective agent DP6.
abstract: As part of an ongoing effort to study the continuum mechanics effects associated with cryopreservation, the current report focuses on the prediction of fracture formation in cryoprotective agents. Fractures had been previously observed in 1 ml samples of the cryoprotective agent cocktail DP6, contained in a standard 15 ml glass vial, and subjected to various cooling rates. These experimental observations were obtained by means of a cryomacroscope, which has been recently presented by the current research team. High and low cooling rates were found to produce very distinct patterns of cracking. The current study seeks to explain the observed patterns on the basis of stresses predicted from finite element analysis, which relies on a simple viscoelastic constitutive model and on estimates of the critical stress for cracking. The current study demonstrates that the stress, which results in instantaneous fracture at low cooling rates, is consistent with the stress to initiate fracture at high cooling rate. This consistency supports the credibility of the proposed constitutive model and analysis, and the unified criterion for fracturing, that is, a critical stress threshold.
authors.affiliation: Biothermal Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USA.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Steif
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Palastro
authors.forename: Yoed
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rabin
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006531:HEPES / Q000737:chemistry*; D019563:Mechanics; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; C481727:DP6 solution; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D006531:HEPES; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide