title: Retroperitoneal nephroureterectomy with excision of cuff of the bladder for upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma: comparison of laparoscopic and open surgery with long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare outcome and long term follow up of laparoscopic retroperitoneal nephroureterectomy with excision of cuff of bladder (LRPNUT-BCE) and standard open nephroureterectomy with excision of cuff of bladder (ONUT-BCE) in patients of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1998 to October 2006, we have performed over 55 cases of nephroureterectomy with excision of cuff of bladder for UTTCC. Out of these, 48 patients undergoing LRPNUT-BCE and ONUT-BCE were categorized retrospectively into group A (21), and group B (27), respectively. The clinical data including intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data was recorded for two groups and analyzed statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was significantly higher in-group A (P < 0.001). The different techniques of bladder cuff excision were used in group A. The mean analgesic use, hospital stay and weeks to normal activity were significantly lesser in-group A (P < 0.001). The intraoperative, postoperative complications and mean follow up were comparable in two groups. There was no local recurrence in either group. The bladder recurrence and distant metastases were comparable in two groups (group A--9.52%, group B--11.1% and group A--9.52%, group B--11.1%, respectively). The 5-year recurrence free, cancer specific and overall survivals were comparable in two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On long-term follow-up of oncological efficacy, LRPNUT-BCE satisfactorily compares with traditional open surgery (ONUT-BCE) with longer operating time, while decreasing postoperative morbidity and extending benefits of minimally invasive surgery to the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. ahemal@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Ashok K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemal
authors.forename: Anup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Narmada P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Amlesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*