Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of primary headache disorders.
Headaches are the most common disorders of the central nervous system affecting 46% of the adult population worldwide. Headaches may be lifelong illnesses, often associated with substantial disability for the individual and the population as a whole. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) codifies headache disorders into fourteen categories, predominantly primary headaches and secondary headache disorders. Primary headache disorders, mainly migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias (TACs), are frequently associated with neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. Ophthalmologists are often the first physicians to be involved in the deciphering of headache-related visual disturbances. This article reviews two major primary headache disorders, migraine and trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, and discusses their neuro-ophthalmic complications, clinical presentation, and treatment.
Shareef
Aisha H
AH
Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Dafer
Rima M
RM
Jay
Walter M
WM
D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D051303:Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy