title: Effects of hyperkinetic, a beta subunit of Shaker voltage-dependent K+ channels, on the oxidation state of presynaptic nerve terminals.
abstract: The Drosophila Hyperkinetic (Hk) gene encodes a beta subunit of Shaker (Sh) K+ channels and shows high sequence homology to aldoketoreductase. Hk mutations are known to modify the voltage dependence and kinetics of Sh currents, which are also influenced by the oxidative state of the N-terminus region of the Sh channel, as demonstrated in heterologous expression experiments in frog oocytes. However, an in vivo role of Hk in cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) has not been demonstrated. By using a fluorescent indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS), dihydrorhodamine-123 (DHR), we show that the presynaptic nerve terminal of larval motor axons is metabolically active, with more rapid accumulation of ROS in comparison with muscle cells. In Hk terminals, DHR fluorescence was greatly enhanced, indicating increased ROS levels. This observation implicates a role of the Hk beta subunit in redox regulation in presynaptic terminals. This phenomenon was paralleled by the expected effects of the mutations affecting glutathione S-transferase S1 as well as applying H2O2 to wild-type synaptic terminals. Thus, our results also establish DHR as a useful tool for detecting ROS levels in the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Chun-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012235:Rhodamines
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C094813:Hk (hyperkinetic) protein, Drosophila; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012235:Rhodamines; C058319:dihydrorhodamine 123; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005982:Glutathione Transferase