title: Effect of copper on soil functional stability measured by relative soil stability index (RSSI) based on two enzyme activities.
abstract: Copper can affect essential processes in soils, often for long periods. Enzyme activity is considered a sensitive indicator to evaluate soil health and the potential toxic impact of a soil contaminant. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in the responses from enzyme activity assays because of the influence of pH and other physicochemical parameters on both enzyme activity and metal speciation. This leads to complications when comparing soils and limits the validity of the results. To overcome these problems, this paper evaluates resistance and recovery, quantified by using a relative soil stability index (RSSI), of the beta-glucosidase and protease activities towards an additional heat disturbance (17 h at 60 degrees C) in soils where soil organic matter, pH and Cu content were modified in a factorial setup. Chemical analyses (dissolved Cu, pCu(2+), dissolved organic carbon, pH) were performed both before the heat-perturbation and after the enzyme activity monitoring period. Results show that soil pH did not interfere with the RSSI scores of both enzymes. beta-glucosidase RSSI scores were scarcely affected by copper, making it inappropriate for evaluating copper-induced stress to soils. Protease activity shows stimulations of up to 2.5 times the activity of the unperturbed control in uncontaminated samples only. Thus, the protease RSSI score seems a good indicator for soil health relative to copper contamination given that all samples were affected by the presence of copper and high correlations were observed between RSSI scores and the different copper forms.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Chair in Site Remediation and Management, Chemical Engineering Department, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Marylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dussault
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bécaert
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauvé
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deschênes
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases