title: Uncoupling of chondrocyte differentiation and perichondrial mineralization underlies the skeletal dysplasia in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome.
abstract: Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial and skeletal dysplasia that is caused by mutations involving the TRPS1 gene. Patients with TRPS have short stature, hip abnormalities, cone-shaped epiphyses and premature closure of growth plates reflecting defects in endochondral ossification. The TRPS1 gene encodes for the transcription factor TRPS1 that has been demonstrated to repress transcription in vitro. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal abnormalities in TRPS, we analyzed Trps1 mutant mice (Trps1DeltaGT mice). Analyses of growth plates demonstrated delayed chondrocyte differentiation and accelerated mineralization of perichondrium in Trps1 mutant mice. These abnormalities were accompanied by increased Runx2 and Ihh expression and increased Indian hedgehog signaling. We demonstrated that Trps1 physically interacts with Runx2 and represses Runx2-mediated trans-activation. Importantly, generation of Trps1(DeltaGT/+);Runx2(+/-) double heterozygous mice rescued the opposite growth plate phenotypes of single mutants, demonstrating the genetic interaction between Trps1 and Runx2 transcription factors. Collectively, these data suggest that skeletal dysplasia in TRPS is caused by dysregulation of chondrocyte and perichondrium development partially due to loss of Trps1 repression of Runx2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Dobrawa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Napierala
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: Qiping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Elda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munivez
authors.forename: Ramesh A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shivdasani
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D050980:GATA Transcription Factors; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C493716:Runx2 protein, mouse; C525953:Trps1 protein, mouse