title: Modular patterning of structure and function of the striatum by retinoid receptor signaling.
abstract: Retinoid signaling plays a crucial role in patterning rhombomeres in the hindbrain and motor neurons in the spinal cord during development. A fundamentally interesting question is whether retinoids can pattern functional organization in the forebrain that generates a high order of cognitive behavior. The striatum contains a compartmental structure of striosome (or "patch") and intervening matrix. How this highly complex mosaic design is patterned by the genetic programs during development remains elusive. We report a developmental mechanism by which retinoid receptor signaling controls compartmental formation in the striatum. We analyzed RARbeta(-/-) mutant mice and found a selective loss of striosomal compartmentalization in the rostral mutant striatum. The loss of RARbeta signaling in the mutant mice resulted in reduction of cyclin E2, a cell cycle protein regulating transition from G(1) to S phase, and also reduction of the proneural gene Mash1, which led to defective neurogenesis of late-born striosomal cells. Importantly, during striatal neurogenesis, endogenous levels of retinoic acid were spatiotemporally regulated such that transduction of high levels of retinoic acid through RARbeta selectively expanded the population of late-born striosomal progenitors, which evolved into a highly elaborate compartment in the rostral striatum. RARbeta(-/-) mutant mice, which lacked such enlarged compartment, displayed complex alternations of dopamine agonist-induced stereotypic motor behavior, including exaggeration of head bobbing movement and reduction of rearing activity. RARbeta signaling thus plays a crucial role in setting up striatal compartments that may engage in neural circuits of psychomotor control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chao
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsiao-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuan-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hsiao-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ting-Fen
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Norbert B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ghyselinck
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chambon
authors.forename: Fu-Chin
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin