title: Know your place: neural processing of social hierarchy in humans.
abstract: Social hierarchies guide behavior in many species, including humans, where status also has an enormous impact on motivation and health. However, little is known about the underlying neural representation of social hierarchies in humans. In the present study, we identify dissociable neural responses to perceived social rank using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an interactive, simulated social context. In both stable and unstable social hierarchies, viewing a superior individual differentially engaged perceptual-attentional, saliency, and cognitive systems, notably dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In the unstable hierarchy setting, additional regions related to emotional processing (amygdala), social cognition (medial prefrontal cortex), and behavioral readiness were recruited. Furthermore, social hierarchical consequences of performance were neurally dissociable and of comparable salience to monetary reward, providing a neural basis for the high motivational value of status. Our results identify neural mechanisms that may mediate the enormous influence of social status on human behavior and health.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Systems Neuroscience in Psychiatry, Genes, Cognition, and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. zinkc@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Caroline F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zink
authors.forename: Yunxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bassett
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D012938:Social Perception
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen