title: Quantitative in vivo cytokine analysis at synthetic biomaterial implant sites.
abstract: To further elucidate the foreign body reaction, investigation of cytokines at biomaterial implant sites was carried out using a multiplex immunoassay and ELISA. Macrophage activation cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha), cytokines important for macrophage fusion (IL-4 and IL-13), antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGFbeta), chemokines (GRO/KC, MCP-1), and the T-cell activation cytokine IL-2 were quantified at biomaterial implant sites. Empty cages (controls) or cages containing synthetic biomedical polymer (Elasthane 80A (PEU), silicone rubber (SR), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) were implanted subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley rats for 4, 7, or 14 days, and cytokines in exudate supernatants and macrophage surface adhesion and fusion were quantified. The presence of a polymer implant did not affect the levels of IL-1beta, TGFbeta, and MCP-1 in comparison to the control group. IL-2 was not virtually detected in any of the samples. Although the levels of IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, and GRO/KC were affected by polymer implantation, but not dependent on a specific polymer, IL-6 and TNFalpha were significantly greater in those animals implanted with PEU and SR, materials that do not promote fusion. The results indicate that differential material-dependent cytokine profiles are produced by surface adherent macrophages and foreign body giant cells in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Analiz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyerson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental / Q000009:adverse effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000378:metabolism; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; C115016:polyetherurethane