title: Endoscopic management of the inverted papilloma with attachment to the frontal sinus drainage pathway.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive inverted papilloma (Krouse T3 lesions) with attachment to the frontal sinus drainage pathway can be treated successfully using an endoscopic approach.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The endoscopic management of inverted papilloma (IP) has gained in popularity over the last 15 years. However, the appropriate management of lesions involving the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway still has to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the results for patients with IP in the Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2004 to 2007 to identify those patients with lesions involving the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway. By their appearance on nasal endoscopic examination and by computed tomography scanning, the tumors were defined using the Krouse staging system. Sinus endoscopy was used to screen for disease after endoscopic resection and the clinical outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of nine patients (eight males and one female) were identified in which IP involved the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway. Preoperative and postoperative pathological examinations revealed IP as the diagnosis. All tumors were defined as T3 lesions. Four cases with lateral wall of frontal recess tumor attachment underwent an endoscopic Draf IIA frontal sinusotomy. Three cases with either lateral and posterior walls of frontal recess and frontal infundibulum attachment, or medial and posterior walls of frontal recess and frontal infundibulum attachment underwent a Draf IIB procedure. Two cases with posterior wall of frontal recess and frontal infundibulum attachment, or medial, lateral, and posterior walls of frontal recess and frontal infundibulum attachment underwent a Draf III procedure. All patients remain disease-free after an average follow-up period of 15 months.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China. Luozhang@trhos.com
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Demin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chengshuo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wentong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome