title: Black and white female adolescents lose vitamin D metabolites into urine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The black American population has a higher prevalence of salt sensitivity compared with the white American population. Dahl salt-sensitive rats, models of salt-induced hypertension, excrete protein-bound vitamin D metabolites into urine, a process that is accelerated during high salt intake. We tested the hypothesis that urinary vitamin D metabolite content and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) binding activity of black female adolescents would be greater than that of white female adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female adolescents (11-15 years old, 11 black and 10 white) were fed low (1.3 g, 56 mmol/24 hours sodium) and high salt (3.86 g, 168 mmol/24 hours sodium) diets for 3 weeks in a randomized order cross-over study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White and black adolescents had similar mean urinary vitamin D metabolite content (low salt, black versus white: 50 +/- 10 versus 58 +/- 17 pmol/24 hours; high salt, black versus white: 47 +/- 7 versus 79 +/- 16 pmol/24 hours). Mean urinary 25-OHD binding activities of the black and white adolescents did not significantly differ. Urinary 25-OHD binding activity of 10/11 black adolescents and 7/10 white adolescents was greater at week 3 of high salt intake than at week 3 of low salt intake (r = 0.50, P = 0.002, n = 17). Plasma 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations of the white female adolescents were significantly higher than that of the black female adolescents (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary loss of vitamin D metabolites may be one cause of low vitamin D status, in addition to low dietary intake and reduced skin synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive SW, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA. mthierry-palmer@msm.edu
authors.forename: Myrtle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thierry-Palmer
authors.forename: Veronica M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Rafiq El
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hammali
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cephas
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Berdine R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D015650:24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D015650:24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D