title: Comparison of combined venous and arterial thrombolysis with primary arterial therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare the safety and efficacy of combined intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis with primary IA therapy using tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed quasirandomization of a single institution's prospectively collected stroke database, comparing IV/IA (0.6 mg/kg IV < or = 60 mg, followed by 0.3 mg/kg IA < or = 30 mg) versus primary IA. Outcome measures include 90-day modified Rankin scale score, mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and recanalization rates. Statistical analysis was performed using bivariate and propensity score methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1057 patients, 41 patients were treated with IV/IA, and 55 with IA. There was significant difference in time to treatment (mean of 151 minutes for the combined group and 261 minutes for the IA, P < .0001) and arterial tissue plasminogen activator dose (17.5 mg for IV/IA v 22.8 mg for IA only, P = .05). Propensity score matching yielded 25 patients in each group. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage rate was 12% in each group. Mortality was 20% in the IV/IA group versus 16% in the IA group (relative risk 1.3 [0.4-4.1], P = .7). More patients in IV/IA group had modified Rankin scale score less than or equal to 2 (odds ratio 1.6 [0.5-5.8], P = .3). Recanalization was 64% with IV/IA versus 48% with IA (odds ratio 1.9 [0.5-7.0], P = .3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that both combined IV/IA and primary IA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy is feasible and safe in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Combined IV/IA therapy may be associated with an improvement in clinical outcome without a significant increase in the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality compared with IA therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin/Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Jose I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Tarr
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sunshine
authors.forename: Osama O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Zaidat
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator