title: Monoglycerides and diglycerides synthesis in a solvent-free system by lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis.
abstract: Five lipases were screened (Thermomyces lanuginosus free and immobilized forms, Candida antarctica B, Candida rugosa, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizomucor miehei) to study their ability to produce monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) through enzymatic glycerolysis of soybean oil. Lipase from C. antarctica was further studied to verify the enzyme load (wt% of oil mass), the molar ratio glycerol/oil, and the water content (wt% of glycerol) on the glycerolysis reaction. The best DG and MG productions were in the range 45-48% and 28-30% (w/w, based on the total oil), respectively. Using immobilized lipases, the amount of free fatty acids (FFA) produced was about 5%. However, the amount of FFA produced when using free lipases, with 3.5% extra water in the system, is equivalent to the MG yield, about 23%. The extra water content provides a competition between hydrolysis and glycerolysis reactions, increasing the FFA production.
authors.affiliation: Separation Process Development Laboratory, Chemical Engineering School, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paolo, Brazil. lucente@feq.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Patricia Bogalhos Lucente
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fregolente
authors.forename: Leonardo Vasconcelos
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Fregolente
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria F
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Benedito César
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Batistella
authors.forename: Maria Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wolf-Maciel
authors.forename: Rubens Maciel
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Filho
mesh_terms: D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000737:chemistry*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry*; D050178:Monoglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D050178:Monoglycerides; D012997:Solvents; D013024:Soybean Oil; D008049:Lipase; D005990:Glycerol