title: Flapless implant surgery: review of the literature and report of 2 cases with computer-guided surgical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Modern implantology uses techniques that can provide function, esthetics, and comfort with a minimally invasive surgical approach. Flapless implant surgery has been proposed to fulfill these requirements. Traditionally, flapless implant surgery was carried out by using a tissue punch technique, which may be potentially harmful because of the inherent blindness of the technique. The purpose of this article is to introduce a predictable flapless approach for treatment of 2 patients through principles of computer-guided implantology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using dedicated interactive computer software programs and 3D radiographic techniques such as computed tomography (CT), the precise location of each implant was planned. Using the concept "prosthetic-driven implantology," surgery was carried out for the rehabilitation of 2 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure of implant planning in this sophisticated technique has potential to yield substantial public health benefits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this modern approach may have many advantages, transferring virtual planning to the patient's mouth has only been developed recently. Further research is required to justify this novel approach for implant rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran. azari@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azari
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikzad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D003765:Models, Dental; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D023861:Photography, Dental; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014584:User-Computer Interface