title: Selective modulation of nociceptive processing due to noise distraction.
abstract: This study investigates the effects of noise distraction on the different components and sources of laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) whilst attending to either the spatial component (localisation performance task) or the affective component (unpleasantness rating task) of pain. LEPs elicited by CO2 laser stimulation of the right forearm were recorded from 64 electrodes in 18 consenting healthy volunteers. Subjects reported either pain location or unpleasantness, in the presence and absence of distraction by continuous 85 dBa white noise. Distributed sources of the LEP peaks were identified using Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA). Pain unpleasantness ratings and P2 (430 ms) peak amplitude were significantly reduced by distraction during the unpleasantness task, whereas the localisation ability and the corresponding N1/N2 (310 ms) peak amplitude remained unchanged. Noise distraction (at 310 ms) reduced activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus during attention to localisation and unpleasantness, respectively. This suggests a complimentary role for these two areas in the control of attention to pain. In contrast, activation of the occipital pole and SII were enhanced by noise during the localisation and unpleasantness task, respectively, suggesting that the presence of noise was associated with increased spatial attentional load. This study has shown selective modulation of affective pain processing by noise distraction, indicated by a reduction in the unpleasantness ratings and P2 peak amplitude and associated activity within the medial pain system. These results show that processing of the affective component of pain can be differentially modulated by top-down processes, providing a potential mechanism for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Human Pain Research Group, University of Manchester Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Clinical Sciences Building, Hope Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK School of Psychological Sciences, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK Cuban Neuroscience Center, Ave 25 #15202, Cubanacan, Playa, 11600 Habana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Deredy
authors.forename: Eduardo Martínez
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Deborah E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Anthony K P
authors.initials: AKP
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology