title: LIGHT induces cell proliferation and inflammatory responses of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via lymphotoxin beta receptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of LIGHT (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) on the proliferation and gene expression of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured LIGHT levels in RA synovial fluids (SF) by ELISA, and compared them with those in osteoarthritis (OA) SF. Levels of LIGHT and its receptors in RA-FLS and synovium were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RA-FLS proliferation was examined by a bromodeoxyuridine assay. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and several chemokines, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), was examined by real-time quantitative PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The effects of LIGHT on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation were investigated using immunofluorescence and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LIGHT was upregulated in both SF and synovium of RA patients compared with OA patients. Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR), but not LIGHT, were detected in RA-FLS. LIGHT significantly promoted RA-FLS proliferation and induced expression of MCP-1, IL-8, MIP-1alpha, and ICAM-1 by RA-FLS. As well, LTbetaR small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not HVEM siRNA, inhibited these effects of LIGHT. LIGHT induced IkappaBa degradation and NF-kappaB translocation, and a NF-kappaB inhibitor suppressed the effects of LIGHT on RA-FLS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that LIGHT signaling via LTbetaR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA by affecting key processes such as the proliferation and activation of RA-FLS. Regulation of LIGHT-LTbetaR signaling may represent a new therapeutic target for RA treatment.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. satoru.ishida@shionogi.co.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Saori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Juji
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Tsunetoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D006801:Humans; D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053259:Lymphotoxin beta Receptor; D053240:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14; C506028:TNFRSF14 protein, human; C505914:TNFSF14 protein, human; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14