title: Carotid artery stenting in high risk patients with carotid artery stenosis not eligible for endarterectomy: clinical outcome after 5 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid artery stenting is used as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the outcome of CAS in a retrospective cohort of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1999 and March 2003, 56 consecutive patients with carotid artery stenosis who were considered ineligible for surgery were treated (45 males, 11 females, mean age 69). All underwent the procedure prior to the introduction of distal protective devices in Israel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraprocedural complications included transient neurological findings in 5 patients (8%), cerebrovascular accident in 2 (3%), hemodynamic changes in 11 (18%), and 4 procedural failures. Post-procedural complications included transient ischemic attack in 3 patients and cardiovascular accident in 6 (10%). At 30 days follow-up, three patients (5%) remained with signs of CVA. Two patients (3%) died during the post-procedural period and 16 (28%) during the 5 year follow-up, one due to recurrent CVA and the remainder to non-neurological causes. Five-year carotid Doppler follow-up was performed in 25 patients (45%), which revealed normal stent flow in 21 (84%), 50-60% restenosis in 3 (12%) and > 70% restenosis in one patient (4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that stent procedures are beneficial for symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients not eligible for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel. fredricag@asaf.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimiagar
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rabey
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.forename: Edo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaluski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaretsky
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler