title: Impact of postoperative omega-3 fatty acid-supplemented parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immunomodulations in colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid parenteral supplementation postoperatively on clinical outcomes and immunomodulation in colorectal cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients undergoing radical colorectal cancer resection with an indication for total parenteral nutrition postoperatively were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Patients received total parenteral nutrition supplemented with either soybean oil (LCT; Intralipid, Fresenius-Kabi, SO group, n = 21) or a combination of omega-3 fish oil and soybean oil (LCT:fish oil = 5:1, fish oil; Omegaven, Fresenius-Kabi, FO group, n = 21), up to a total of 1.2 g lipid/kg per day for 7 d postoperatively. A same volume calorie and nitrogen was administrated. Routine blood test, biochemistry, systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, percentage of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative d 1 and 8. Patient outcome was evaluated considering mortality during the hospital stay, length of postoperative hospital stay, and occurrence of infectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both lipid regimens were well tolerated. No differences between the two groups were noticed in demographics, baseline blood test, biochemistry, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, percentage of CD4+, CD8+ lymphocytes, and ratios of CD4+/CD8+. Compared with those on postoperative d 1, serum IL-6 levels on postoperative d 8 were significantly depressed in the FO group than in the reference group (-44.43 +/- 30.53 vs -8.39 +/- 69.08, P = 0.039). Simultaneously, the ratios of CD4+/CD8+ were significantly increased in the FO group (0.92 +/- 0.62 vs 0.25 +/- 1.22, P = 0.035). In addition, depression of serum TNF-alpha levels (-0.82 +/- 2.71 vs 0.27 +/- 1.67, P = 0.125) and elevation of CD3+ and CD4+ lymphocyte percentage (12.85 +/- 11.61 vs 3.84 +/- 19.62, P = 0.081, 17.80 +/- 10.86 vs 9.66 +/- 17.55, P = 0.084, respectively) were higher in the FO group than in the reference group. Patients in the FO group tended to need a shorter postoperative hospital stay (17.45 +/- 4.80 d vs 19.62 +/- 5.59 d, P = 0.19). No statistically significant difference was found when stratified to mortality and occurrence of infectious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may have a favorable effect on the outcomes in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical resection by lowering the magnitude of inflammatory responses and modulating the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying-Jiang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xiao-Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: You-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Qi-Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Mu-Jun
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013024:Soybean Oil