title: Pulmonary vein potentials in patients with and without atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary vein (PV) potentials are invariably recordable at the PV ostia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and delayed conduction around the PV ostia may play a role in the initiation and maintenance of AF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence and extent of PV potentials in patients with and without AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circumferential catheter recordings at the PV ostia were obtained from 10 patients with paroxysmal AF and 9 with concealed Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome without history of AF. Typical PV potential was defined as either rapid deflections that separated from atrial deflection with a time delay in-between, or multiphasic, continuous or fractionated potentials. The presence of PV potentials was verified during sinus rhythm and during atrial pacing at the distal coronary sinus for the left PVs or at the right atrial appendage for the right PVs. To quantify the extent in which the PV potentials were recordable, the number of PVs with typical PV potentials recordable was counted. The time interval from the onset to the end of the electrograms recordable at the PV ostium (A-PV interval) was measured, and the maximal and mean of this interval were obtained. Typical PV potentials were recorded in 31 of 34 PVs (91%) in patients with AF, but in 4 of 36 PVs (11%) in patients with concealed WPW. A narrow, biphasic or triphasic, potential was recorded in 3 of 34 PVs (9%) in patients with AF, but in 29 of 36 (81%) PVs in patients with concealed WPW. The maximal and mean A-PV intervals were significantly longer in patients with AF (71 +/- 24 and 49 +/- 13 ms) than in patients with concealed WPW syndrome (33 +/- 14 and 25 +/- 6 ms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with AF, typical PV potentials with marked conduction time delay were almost invariably recordable at the PV ostium, but in patients without a history of AF, merely simple, narrow potentials were found. These findings support the involvement of conduction delay and re-entrant activities around the PV ostia in the genesis and/or perpetuation of AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hertervig
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kongstad
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ljungstrom
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Shiwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000503:physiopathology*