title: Depressive symptoms and proinflammatory cytokine levels in chronic renal failure patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytokine secretion is known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines are increased in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between levels of proinflammatory cytokines in CRF patients and degree of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 patients on hemodialysis, 31 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and 31 conservatively managed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were enrolled in this study. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and 'elevated symptoms of depression' were defined as a BDI score > or =17. IL-6 and TNFalpha cytokine levels were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Elevated symptoms of depression' occurred in 37 of 93 patients (40%). IL-6 and TNFalpha levels were not significantly different among CRF patients with and without elevated depressive symptoms (p = 0.937 and p = 0.414, respectively). When analyzed by treatment subgroup, proinflammatory cytokine levels were not significantly different in patients with and without elevated symptoms of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CRF, elevated symptoms of depression were not associated with increased cytokine levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. dervisoglue@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dervisoglu
authors.forename: Hale Maral
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kir
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalender
authors.forename: Ceyla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eraldemir
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caglayan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha