title: Effects of Cimicifuga racemosa extract on liver morphology and hepatic function indices.
abstract: Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) is a herbaceous perennial plant, that has been traditionally used for a variety of ailments (dyspepsia, climacteric complaints, muscular rheumatisms, menstrual cramps). From laboratory and clinical studies, black cohosh seems to have a relatively good safety profile, even if a number of case reports of hepatotoxicity were a matter of recent concern.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A number of case reports indicated that C. racemosa could induce hepatotoxicity. We evaluated the effects of black cohosh extract on liver morphology, and on levels of various hepatic function indices in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats received 300mg/kg/day of C. racemosa extract by gavage, for 30 days. Biochemical analysis of serum was conducted by an automated, random-access clinical chemistry analyzer. Liver samples were used for hystomorphological and immunohistochemical examination, for the detection of apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and for the determination of GSH level (spectrophotometrical analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  C. racemosa extract does not affect liver morphology and hepatic function indices, in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of experimental data, the use of 300mg/kg/day of black cohosh appears quite safe in rats. Nevertheless, in humans the safety of C. racemosa should be further monitored, in terms of patient-related factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. gabriela.mazzanti@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sotto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franchitto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pezzella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitalone
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mammola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031885:Cimicifuga / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D005978:Glutathione