title: Chromogranin B regulates calcium signaling, nuclear factor kappaB activity, and brain natriuretic peptide production in cardiomyocytes.
abstract: Altered regulation of signaling pathways can lead to pathologies including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We report that neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes express chromogranin B (CGB), a Ca(2+) binding protein that modulates Ca(2+) release by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R). Using fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dyes, we found that CGB regulates InsP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) release in response to angiotensin II, an octapeptide hormone that promotes cardiac hypertrophy. ELISA experiments and luciferase reporter assays identified angiotensin II as a potent inducer of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a hormone that recently emerged as an important biomarker in cardiovascular disease. CGB was found to regulate angiotensin II-stimulated and basal secretion, expression and promoter activity of BNP that depend on the InsP(3)R. Moreover, we provide evidence that CGB acts via the transcription activity of nuclear factor kappaB in an InsP(3)/Ca(2+)-dependent manner but independent of nuclear factor of activated T cells. In vivo experiments further showed that cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II, a condition characterized by increased ventricular BNP production, is associated with upregulation of ventricular CGB expression. Overexpression of CGB in cardiomyocytes, in turn, induced the BNP promoter. The evidence presented in this study identifies CGB as a novel regulator of cardiomyocyte InsP(3)/Ca(2+)-dependent signaling, nuclear factor kappaB activity, and BNP production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA.
authors.forename: Felix M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Heidrich
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053378:Chromogranin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053378:Chromogranin B; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C506140:chromogranin B, rat; C495963:natriuretic peptide precursor type B, rat; D000804:Angiotensin II; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002118:Calcium