title: Biomarkers of Inflammation and MRI-Defined Small Vessel Disease of the Brain: The Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of small vessel disease of the brain, we investigated the association between common variation in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, plasma CRP and IL6 levels, and presence of MRI-defined white matter lesions (WML) and brain infarcts (BI) in elderly participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP and IL6 genes were selected from the SeattleSNPs database. In cross-sectional analyses, logistic regression models adjusting for known cardiovascular disease risk factors were constructed to assess the associations of plasma CRP and IL6 levels and common CRP and IL6 gene haplotypes with presence of WML or BI in Blacks (n=532) and Whites (n=2905).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma IL6 and CRP levels were associated with presence of WML and BI in both races. In Whites, common haplotypes of the IL6 gene were significantly associated with WML and BI. The common haplotype tagged by the -174G/C promoter polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of WML (OR=1.14; 95% CI: [1.02; 1.28]). The common haplotype tagged by the -572G/C promoter polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of BI (OR=1.57; 95% CI: [1.15; 2.14]). Significant associations were lacking for WML or BI with IL6 gene variation in Blacks, or with CRP gene variation in either race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence of a genetic basis underlying the relationship between plasma biomarkers of inflammation and small vessel disease of the brain. Further studies to elucidate the specific role of IL6 in disease pathogenesis are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA. myriam.fornage@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornage
authors.forename: Y Aron
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Psaty
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: Russell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Longstreth
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D044383:Black People; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein