title: Do airway metallic stents for benign lesions confer too costly a benefit?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMAS) in the treatment benign airway obstruction is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of SEMAS for this indication, we conducted a 10-year retrospective review at our tertiary medical centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using flexible bronchoscopy, 82 SEMAS (67% Ultraflex, 33% Wallstent) were placed in 35 patients with inoperable lesions, many with significant medical comorbidities (88%). 68% of stents were tracheal, and 83% of patients showed immediate symptomatic improvement. Reversible complications developed in 9% of patients within 24 hrs of stent placement. Late complications (>24 hrs) occurred in 77% of patients, of which 37% were clinically significant or required an interventional procedure. These were mainly due to stent migration (12.2%), fracture (19.5%), or obstructive granulomas (24.4%). The overall granuloma rate of 57% was higher at tracheal sites (59%) than bronchial ones (34%), but not significantly different between Ultraflex and Wallstents. Nevertheless, Wallstents were associated with higher rates of bleeding (5% vs. 30%, p = 0.005) and migration (7% vs. 26%, p = 0.026). Of 10 SEMAS removed using flexible bronchoscopy, only one was associated with incomplete removal of fractured stent wire. Median survival was 3.6 +/- 2.7 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ill patients with inoperable lesions may be considered for treatment with SEMAS.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sacramento, USA. alchan@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Maya M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Juarez
authors.forename: Roblee P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Albertson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000628:therapy*; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D006099:Granuloma / Q000628:therapy*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*