title: The incidence of dyslexia among young offenders in Kuwait.
abstract: This paper investigates the incidence of dyslexia among young offenders in Kuwait. A total of 91 children/young adults from 8 juvenile delinquent welfare centres across Kuwait were interviewed and tested. A measure of non-verbal reasoning ability was used to exclude those with low general ability. The remaining 53 participants were tested on their ability to identify alliteration and rhyme, retain and manipulate sequences of digit and letter names, decode novel letter strings and identify words within letter chains. Participants' reading accuracy, rate of reading, reading comprehension and ability to spell correctly dictated text were also assessed. These measures were used to determine those with indicators of dyslexia. The results indicated that the percentage of individuals presenting evidence of dyslexia was much larger (greater than 20%) in this population of young offenders than would be expected based on the national average (around 6%) of dyslexics in Kuwait derived from a nationwide study (A survey study of dyslexia in Kuwait, Kuwait Dyslexia Association: Kuwait City; 2002). These findings replicate previous evidence for an increased frequency of dyslexia among young offenders. The implications of such findings are discussed in terms of dyslexia awareness, socio-cultural factors, education and intervention, particularly in Kuwait juvenile delinquent welfare centres.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child Evaluation & Teaching, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elbeheri
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Everatt
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Malki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D015897:Comorbidity; D032882:Comprehension; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010700:Phonetics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014956:Writing