title: Gonadotropins and cognition in older women.
abstract: Recent research studies associate elevated gonadotropin levels with dementia. Specifically, an age associated increase in levels of luteinizing hormone has been linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between gonadotropin levels and cognition in older, healthy postmenopausal women. Cognitive functioning was compared with plasma levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, Abeta40 and APOE genetic status in 649 community-dwelling, non-demented older women residing in Western Australia. High endogenous luteinizing hormone levels were associated with a lower cognitive score, especially in older women and in those women that were depressed. Unexpectedly, disproportionately well preserved cognitive functioning was found for the oldest women who had high endogenous levels of follicle stimulating hormone. The findings indicate that gonadotropins can impact upon cognitive functioning in older postmenopausal women, and that luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone may exert contrasting effects. Taken together, the findings have important implications for the development of possible preventive strategies for dementia.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Hollywood Private Hospital, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verdile
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogervorst
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joesbury
authors.forename: Satvinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Corder
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Laws
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hone
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beilby
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.forename: Ralph N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone