title: In-situ detection of drugs-of-abuse on clothing using confocal Raman microscopy.
abstract: This study describes the application of confocal Raman microscopy to the detection and identification of drugs-of-abuse in situ on undyed natural synthetic fibres, and coloured textile specimens. Raman spectra were obtained from drug particles trapped between the fibres of the specimens. Pure samples of cocaine hydrochloride and N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (MDMA-HCl) were used in this study. Raman spectra were collected from drug particles of an average size in the range 5-15 microm. Despite the presence of spectral bands arising from the natural and synthetic polymer and dyed textiles, the drugs could be identified by their characteristic Raman bands. If necessary, interfering bands could be successfully removed by spectral subtraction. Furthermore, Raman spectra were recorded from drug particles trapped between the fibres of highly fluorescent specimens. Interference from the fibres, including background fluorescence, was overcome by careful focusing of the confocal beam and the resulting spectra allow ready differentiation from interference from the fibres substrate bands. Spectra of several drugs-of-abuse on dyed and undyed clothing substrates were readily obtained within 3 min with little or no sample preparation and with no alteration of the evidential material.
authors.affiliation: Raman Spectroscopy Group, University Analytical Centre, Division of Chemical and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: Esam M A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Howell G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Scowen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003020:Clothing; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D032561:Cotton Fiber; D005453:Fluorescence; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D014935:Wool / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011091:Polyesters; D047011:Silk; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine