title: Gender differences in C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and adiponectin levels in the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored gender differences in the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and adiponectin with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study of 923 middle-aged subjects in Pieksämäki, East Finland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the MetS according to the IDF and NCEP definitions was 38% and 34% in men (N = 405) and 34% and 27% in women (N = 497), respectively. hs-CRP and IL-1Ra levels were higher in subjects with the MetS compared with those without the MetS in both sexes (P < 0.001). The levels of hs-CRP (P < 0.001) and IL-1Ra (P = 0.0016 for NCEP criteria, P = 0.0028 for IDF criteria) were significantly higher in women with MetS than in men with MetS. In contrast, in subjects without MetS, no gender differences in the levels of hs-CRP or IL-1Ra were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with MetS, defined by the IDF or NCEP criteria, had higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-1Ra than did men with MetS. Thus, low-grade inflammation may contribute to the high risk of cardiovascular disease in women with MetS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Middle Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland. juha.saltevo@ksshp.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saltevo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanhala
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kautiainen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kumpusalo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein