title: A psychosocial taxonomy of patients with diabetes: validation in a primary care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were (i) to extend a psychosocial taxonomy of patients with diabetes to a primary care setting, and (ii) to validate the taxonomy using more sophisticated clustering methods across an array of psychological dimensions independent of demographic and medical variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 111 adults with Type 2 diabetes seen in a primary care setting completed the Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). They also provided diabetes-specific self-report measures along with HbA(1c).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four psychosocial patient profiles were identified using model-based cluster analysis in a US primary care setting. The four profiles represent a replication of two and refinement of a third profile found previously in French-speaking patients at diabetes education centres. Validation of the profiles using the BSI was replicated for depression and extended to other psychological dimensions. The validity and distinctiveness of the four psychosocial profiles were independent of demographic and diabetes-specific medical variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replication and extended validation of the psychosocial taxonomy into primary care may allow healthcare workers to supplement medical treatments with psychosocial interventions that can improve outcomes for patients with diabetes that are practical, individually tailored, and cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68102, USA. tpguck@creighton.edu
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Guck
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Banfield
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Goeser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000523:psychology; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires