title: Preliminary development of the physician documentation quality instrument.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to design and validate a reliable instrument to assess the quality of physician documentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjectives describing clinician attitudes about high-quality clinical documentation were gathered through literature review, assessed by clinical experts, and transformed into a semantic differential scale. Using the scale, physicians and nurse practitioners scored the importance of the adjectives for describing quality in three note types: admission, progress, and discharge notes. Psychometric methods including exploratory factor analysis were applied to provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity and internal consistency reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 22-item Physician Documentation Quality Instrument (PDQI) was developed. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 67 clinician respondents) on three note types resulted in solutions ranging from four (discharge) to six (admission and progress) factors, and explained 65.8% (discharge) to 73% (admission and progress) of the variance. Each factor solution was unique. However, four sets of items consistently factored together across all note types: (1) up-to-date and current; (2) brief, concise, succinct; (3) organized and structured; and (4) correct, comprehensible, consistent. Internal consistency reliabilities were: admission note (factor scales = 0.52-88, overall = 0.86), progress note (factor scales = 0.59-0.84, overall = 0.87), and discharge summary (factor scales = 0.76-0.85, overall = 0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exploratory factor analyses and reliability analyses provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the PDQI. Two novel dimensions of the construct for document quality were developed related to form (Well-formed, Compact). Additional work is needed to assess intrarater and interrater reliability of applying of the proposed instrument and to examine the reproducibility of the factors in other samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH9 East, Room 105, New York, NY 10032, USA. peter.stetson@dbmi.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Stetson
authors.forename: Frances P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000592:standards*; D010820:Physicians; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*