title: Cytochrome P450 BM-3 evolved by random and saturation mutagenesis as an effective indole-hydroxylating catalyst.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 BM-3 with the mutations A74G, F87V, and L188Q could catalyze indole to produce indigo and indirubin. To further enhance this capability, site-directed and random mutageneses on the monooxygenase domain of P450 BM-3 mutant (A74G/F87V/L188Q; 3X) were performed. The mutant libraries created by error-prone polymerase chain reaction were screened using a colorimetric colony-based method on agar plates followed by a spectroscopic assay involving in absorption of indigo at 670 nm and NADPH at 340 nm in microtiter plate. Three mutants (K434R/3X, E435D/3X, and D168N/ A225V/K440N/3X) exhibited higher hydroxylation activity toward indole in comparison to parent enzyme. Moreover, using saturation site-directed mutagenesis at amino acid positions 168, 225, 434, 435, and 440, two P450 BM-3 variants (D168H/3X, E435T/3X) with an up to sixfold increase in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) were identified, and the mutant D168H/3X acquired higher regioselectivity resulting in more indigo (dimerized 3hydroxy-indole) compared to parent mutant (93 vs 72%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Eastshine@21cn.com
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Le-he
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Urlacher
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D001410:Bacillus megaterium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019020:Directed Molecular Evolution; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016296:Mutagenesis; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D007211:Indoles; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C030374:indole; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; C052423:flavocytochrome P450 BM3 monoxygenases; C027185:indirubin