title: Diffusion tensor analysis of temporal and extra-temporal lobe tracts in temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the major temporal lobe white matter tracts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy manifest abnormal water diffusion properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor MRI measurements were obtained from tractography for uncinate, arcuate, inferior longitudinal fasciculi and corticospinal tract in 13 children with left temporal lobe epilepsy and normal conventional MRI, and the data were compared to measurements in 12 age-matched normal volunteers. The relationship between tensor parameters and duration of epilepsy was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four tracts in the affected left hemisphere showed lower mean anisotropy, planar and linear indices, but higher spherical index in patients versus controls. Diffusion changes in the left uncinate and arcuate fasciculus correlated significantly with duration of epilepsy. Arcuate fasciculus showed a reversal of the normal left-right asymmetry. Various diffusion abnormalities were also seen in the four tracts studied in the right hemisphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate abnormal water diffusion in temporal lobe and extra-temporal lobe tracts with robust changes in the direction perpendicular to the axons. Diffusion abnormalities associated with duration of epilepsy suggest progressive changes in ipsilateral uncinate and arcuate fasciculus due to chronic seizure activity. Finally, our results in arcuate fasciculus are consistent with language reorganization to the contralateral right hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Rajkumar Munian
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Govindan
authors.forename: Malek I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Makki
authors.forename: Senthil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*