title: Conventionally-fractionated image-guided intensity modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT): a safe and effective treatment for cancer spinal metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatments for cancer spinal metastasis were always palliative. This study was conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of IG-IMRT for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 metastatic lesions were treated with conventionally-fractionated IG-IMRT. Daily kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) scan was applied to ensure accurate positioning. Plans were evaluated by the dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before set-up correction, the positioning errors in the left-right (LR), superior-inferior (SI) and anterior-posterior (AP) axes were 0.3 +/- 3.2, 0.4 +/- 4.5 and -0.2 +/- 3.9 mm, respectively. After repositioning, those errors were 0.1 +/- 0.7, 0 +/- 0.8 and 0 +/- 0.7 mm, respectively. The systematic/random uncertainties ranged 1.4-2.3/3.0-4.1 before and 0.1-0.2/0.7-0.8 mm after online set-up correction. In the original IMRT plans, the average dose of the planning target volume (PTV) was 61.9 Gy, with the spinal cord dose less than 49 Gy. Compared to the simulated PTVs based on the pre-correction CBCT, the average volume reduction of PTVs was 42.3% after online correction. Also, organ at risk (OAR) all benefited from CBCT-based set-up correction and had significant dose reduction with IGRT technique. Clinically, most patients had prompt pain relief within one month of treatment. There was no radiation-induced toxicity detected clinically during a median follow-up of 15.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IG-IMRT provides a new approach to treat cancer spinal metastasis. The precise positioning ensures the implementation of optimal IMRT plan, satisfying both the dose escalation of tumor targets and the radiation tolerance of spinal cord. It might benefit the cancer patient with spinal metastasis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, PR. China. gongyouling@gmail.com
authors.forename: Youling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Xiaoqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012449:Safety; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome