title: Efficacy of liquid feeds varying in concentration and composition of fat, nonprotein nitrogen, and nonfiber carbohydrates for lactating dairy cows.
abstract: In trial 1, we evaluated the efficacy of a liquid feed (LF) containing cane molasses and corn steep liquor as carriers of suspended white grease (WG) without or with urea (U) or with soybean lipid (SL; a byproduct of soybean processing) compared with roasted soybeans plus tallow blended into respective concentrates in a 16-wk lactation study. The dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production for LF diets were either similar to or greater than respective controls, although SL decreased milk fat percentage. In trial 2, we compared LF without fat to LF plus WG or SL and also evaluated the dose response to increasing amount of LF + WG in a 16-wk lactation trial in which the LF products were added to respective total mixed rations. The DMI was increased and then decreased (quadratic response) with increasing LF + WG without a linear response. However, production of milk, protein, and fat increased linearly with corresponding quadratic responses, which we interpret to be a result of a limiting returns response from DMI and density of net energy for lactation. When LF plus SL was fed, milk fat percentage and yield decreased compared with the comparable amount of LF + WG. In a 12-wk lactation study (trial 3), we added 3.25 or 6.5% of the dry matter as LF (a different but generally similar product than the previous trials and without fat) to diets formulated to maintain comparable ruminal nonstructural carbohydrate digestibility by adding soybean hulls to decrease nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) concentration; the 6.5% LF diet was without or with Rumensin (11.5 g/909 kg of dry matter). When 3.25% LF was added but NFC was decreased from 40 to 37%, cows increased DMI and production of milk fat. Adding Rumensin decreased DMI but maintained milk fat yield compared with its 6.25% LF control without Rumensin. In trials 1 and 3, apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was not affected by treatment. In conclusion, feeding LF at about 5% (trial 2, which contained WG, 1.6% added sugar) or 3.25% (trial 3, 1.7% added sugar) generally increased DMI and maintained or increased production of milk, protein, and fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. firkins.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Firkins
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Oldick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pantoja
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reveneau
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gilligan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carver
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D004063:Digestion; D004435:Eating; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D031786:Saccharum; D012996:Solutions; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005223:Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D012996:Solutions; C013698:tallow; D009584:Nitrogen