title: Does endoesophageal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration replace mediastinoscopy in mediastinal staging of thoracic malignancies?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of endoesophageal ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) on management of thoracic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty patients referred for invasive diagnostic and resection of thoracic malignancies were studied prospectively. Negative and inconclusive EUS-FNA findings were assessed by video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy (VAMLA) or open lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty patients, aged 64.1 years (range 38-85) underwent 120 EUS-FNA, 53 video-assisted mediastinoscopic and 48 open lymphadenectomies for diagnosis and treatment of 99 lung carcinoma, six lung metastases, five mesothelioma, three lymphoma, and eight other conditions. EUS-FNA showed T4 in 15/120 and adrenal or hepatic metastases in 9/120 cases. Prevalence of mediastinal lymph node metastases was 51.7%. EUS-FNA false-negative rate was 25.3%. EUS-FNA sensitivity was 91.7%, 78.1% and 43.8% for bulky disease, enlarged mediastinal nodes or normal nodes on CT scan, 50% and 96.6% for right- and left-sided tumours, and 80.6%, 78.9%, 23.8% and 25.0% for the lymph node stations 7, 5/6, 4R, and 4L. A 38.3% respectively 100% cut-down of mediastinoscopies leads in 7.5% respectively 20.8% to incorrect treatment decisions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS-FNA sensitivity depends on the localisation of the primary tumour, and extent and location of mediastinal disease. For left-sided tumours, EUS-FNA improves mediastinal staging by assessing stations 5 and 6 inaccessible to conventional mediastinoscopy. For extended mediastinal disease, mediastinoscopy can be avoided or spared for restaging after neoadjuvant therapy. Exclusion of mediastinal involvement requires mediastinoscopy or open lymphadenectomy. Beyond mediastinal nodal staging, EUS-FNA may detect T4 and M1 situations. Thus, EUS-FNA is a useful supplement to and not the replacement of mediastinoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lungenzentrum, Katholisches Klinikum Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany. b.witte@kk-koblenz.de
authors.forename: Biruta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Neumeister
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huertgen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods