title: [Blink and you live: the locked-in syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Locked-In syndrome (LIS) is defined by: (i) the presence of sustained eye opening (bilateral ptosis should be ruled out as a complicating factor); (ii) preserved awareness; (iii) aphonia or hypophonia; (iv) quadriplegia or quadriparesis; and (v) a primary mode of communication that uses vertical or lateral eye movement or blinking. Acute ventral pontine lesions are its most common cause. Following such brainstem lesions patients may remain comatose for some time and then gradually awaken, remaining paralyzed and voiceless, superficially resembling the vegetative state.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been shown that more than half of the time physicians fail to recognize early signs of awareness in LIS. Given appropriate medical care, life expectancy may be several decades but the chances of good motor recovery remain small. Eye-controlled computer technology now allows LIS patients to communicate and control their environment. Recent studies show that most LIS patients self-report meaningful quality of life and the demand for euthanasia is infrequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients suffering from LIS should not be denied the right to die--and to die with dignity--but also they should not be denied the right to live--and to live with dignity and the best possible pain and symptom management and revalidation.
authors.affiliation: Coma Science Group, département de neurologie et centre de recherches du Cyclotron, université de Liège, Sart-Tilman B30, allée du Six-Août, and Centre de la douleur, centre hospitalier universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schnakers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Eeckhout
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernheim
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pantke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Damas
authors.forename: M-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Faymonville
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laureys
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D003142:Communication; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D012297:Right to Die