title: Increased serotonin and dopamine transporter binding in psychotropic medication-naive patients with generalized social anxiety disorder shown by 123I-beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane SPECT.
abstract: There is circumstantial evidence for the involvement of serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the pathophysiology of social anxiety disorder. In the present study, using SPECT imaging we examined the (123)I-beta-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane binding potential for the serotonin and dopamine transporters in patients with a generalized social anxiety disorder and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve psychotropic medication-naïve patients with social anxiety disorder, generalized type (5 women and 7 men) and 12 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were studied. Volumes of interest were constructed on MRI-coregistered SPECT scans. Binding ratios were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Possible correlations between binding patterns and symptomatology were assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher binding potentials were found for the serotonin in the left and right thalamus of patients. Patients had also a significantly higher binding potential for the dopamine transporter in the striatum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provided direct evidence for abnormalities in both the dopaminergic and the serotonergic systems in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.j.a.van_der_wee@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Nic J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: van der Wee
authors.forename: J Frederieke
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: van Rijk
authors.forename: Herman G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Westenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015897:Comorbidity; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013788:Thalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C069723:2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane; D003042:Cocaine