title: Effect of prophylactic transluminal balloon angioplasty on cerebral vasospasm and outcome in patients with Fisher grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of a phase II multicenter, randomized, clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral vasospasm continues to be a major cause of poor outcome in patients with ruptured aneurysms. Prophylactic Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty (pTBA) appeared to prevent delayed ischemic neurological deficit in a pilot study. A phase II multicenter randomized clinical trial was subsequently designed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy patients with Fisher Grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage were enrolled in the study. Of these, 85 patients were randomized to the treatment group and underwent pTBA within 96 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Main end points of the study included the 3-month dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS), development of delayed ischemic neurological deficit (DIND), occurrence of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) vasospasm, and length of stay in the ICU and hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of DIND was lower in the pTBA group (P=0.30) and fewer patients required therapeutic angioplasty to treat DIND (P=0.03). Overall pTBA resulted in an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% and a relative risk reduction of 10.4% unfavorable outcome (P=0.54). Good grade patients had absolute and relative risk reductions of respectively 9.5 and 29.4% (P=0.73). Length of stay in ICU and hospital was similar in both groups. Four patients had a procedure-related vessel perforation, of which three patients died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the trial is unsuccessful as defined by the primary end point (GOS), proof of concept is confirmed by these results. Fewer patients tend to develop vasospasm after treatment with pTBA and there is a statistically significantly decreased need for therapeutic angioplasty. pTBA does not improve the poor outcome of patients with Fisher grade III subarachnoid hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 999 N 92nd St, Suite 310, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. marike.z.lee@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zwienenberg-Lee
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rudisill
authors.forename: Lori Kennedy
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eskridge
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: Bon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: M Ross
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bullock
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Coplin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mericle
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocke
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Muizelaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*