title: Aluminum bioavailability from basic sodium aluminum phosphate, an approved food additive emulsifying agent, incorporated in cheese.
abstract: Oral aluminum (Al) bioavailability from drinking water has been previously estimated, but there is little information on Al bioavailability from foods. It was suggested that oral Al bioavailability from drinking water is much greater than from foods. The objective was to further test this hypothesis. Oral Al bioavailability was determined in the rat from basic [26Al]-sodium aluminum phosphate (basic SALP) in a process cheese. Consumption of approximately 1g cheese containing 1.5% or 3% basic SALP resulted in oral Al bioavailability (F) of approximately 0.1% and 0.3%, respectively, and time to maximum serum 26Al concentration (Tmax) of 8-9h. These Al bioavailability results were intermediate to previously reported results from drinking water (F approximately 0.3%) and acidic-SALP incorporated into a biscuit (F approximately 0.1%), using the same methods. Considering the similar oral bioavailability of Al from food vs. water, and their contribution to the typical human's daily Al intake ( approximately 95% and 1.5%, respectively), these results suggest food contributes much more Al to systemic circulation, and potential Al body burden, than does drinking water. These results do not support the hypothesis that drinking water provides a disproportionate contribution to total Al absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Academic Medical Center, 511C Pharmacy Building, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA. ryokel@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yokel
authors.forename: Clair L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Florence
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D010710:Phosphates; D011868:Radioisotopes; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C040382:aluminum sodium phosphate; D000535:Aluminum