title: Caries prior to age 3 and breastfeeding: a survey of La Leche League members.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary data analysis of results from a 1985 survey of La Leche League International (LLLI) members to further investigate the relationship between breast-feeding and caries prior to age 3 (CPA3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 576 LLLI mothers who responded to a 23-item questionnaire concerning the following factors for their oldest child: (1) breast-feeding habits; (2) fluoride status; (3) use of antibiotics; (4) carbohydrate ingestion; (5) history of caries; and (6) oral hygiene practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPA3 was reported in 10% of all children breast-fed for more than 3 years. Later weaning was found to be significantly associated with CPA3 (odds ratio [OR]=2.03; P=.0001). Late initiation of oral hygiene was marginally associated with CPA3 (OR=0.77; P=.08). Among children who developed CPA3, bivariate analyses found a greater frequency of breast-feeding (P=.012) and presence of night-time breast-feeding (P=.049) to be associated with caries detected at an earlier age. Children with caries on their maxillary incisors were more likely to have been breast-fed at night (P=.027) and more frequently during the night (P=.032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study, based on a report of La Leche League International members, found later weaning to be significantly associated with an increased likelihood of developing CPA3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa, IA City, Iowa, USA. karin-weber@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber-Gasparoni
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kanellis
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stock
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology*; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007390:International Agencies; D009035:Mothers; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005459:Fluorides