title: Spinal 2-chloroprocaine: effective dose for ambulatory surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an interest in finding a safe, short-acting spinal anaesthetic, suitable for ambulatory surgery. In this prospective study, we evaluated the effective dose of plain 2-chloroprocaine (2-CP) for lower limb surgery, including knee arthroscopy and saphenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery were randomly allocated to one of the four local anaesthetic groups for spinal anaesthesia in a double-blind manner. The patients (n=16 patients in each group) received 35, 40, 45 or 50 mg of 10 mg/ml isobaric 2-CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, anaesthesia was sufficient for the planned surgery. The median peak block height (T9) was similar in all four groups (P=0.66). Time to complete sensory block regression was faster in the 35 mg group (111 min, mean) and in the 40 mg group (108 min) than in the 50 mg group (134 min, P=0.005). No differences in time to complete motor block regression were observed (P=0.3). Home discharge time was faster in the 35 mg group (123 min) and in the 40 mg group (122 min) than in the 50 mg group (165 min, P=0.001). No complications related to spinal anaesthesia were observed and no transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) were reported at the 3-day follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spinal 2-CP, 10 mg/ml 35, 40, 45 and 50 mg provide reliable sensory and motor block for ambulatory surgery, while reducing the dose of 2-CP to 35 and 40 mg resulted in a spinal block of faster ambulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia, and Outpatient Clinic 'Medex', Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tein
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitkänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011343:Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011343:Procaine; C004616:chloroprocaine