title: Influence of environmental stress on distributions of times to first division in Escherichia coli populations, as determined by digital-image analysis of individual cells.
abstract: The distributions of times to first cell division were determined for populations of Escherichia coli stationary-phase cells inoculated onto agar media. This was accomplished by using automated analysis of digital images of individual cells growing on agar and calculation of the "box area ratio." Using approximately 300 cells per experiment, the mean time to first division and standard deviation for cells grown in liquid medium at 37 degrees C and inoculated on agar and incubated at 20 degrees C were determined as 3.0 h and 0.7 h, respectively. Distributions were observed to tail toward the higher values, but no definitive model distribution was identified. Both preinoculation stress by heating cultures at 50 degrees C and postinoculation stress by growth in the presence of higher concentrations of NaCl increased mean times to first division. Both stresses also resulted in an increase in the spread of the distributions that was proportional to the mean division time, the coefficient of variation being constant at approximately 0.2 in all cases. The "relative division time," which is the time to first division for individual cells expressed in terms of the cell size doubling time, was used as measure of the "work to be done" to prepare for cell division. Relative division times were greater for heat-stressed cells than for those growing under osmotic stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom. gwniven@dstl.gov.uk.
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Niven
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuks
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mackey
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001331:Automation; D002455:Cell Division; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011827:Radiation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic