title: Post-challenge blood glucose concentration and stroke mortality rates in non-diabetic men in London: 38-year follow-up of the original Whitehall prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While individuals with diabetes have a raised risk of stroke, it is unclear whether hyperglycaemia in non-diabetic populations is related to the development of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective cohort study of 19,019 men, capillary blood was drawn 2 h after consumption of a glucose preparation equivalent to 50 g of anhydrous dextrose. Study participants were then followed for mortality for a maximum of 38 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up of 18,406 non-diabetic men, 13,116 deaths occurred (1,189 by stroke). Plots of stroke mortality rates versus blood glucose identified an upward inflection in risk of death from stroke at about 4.6 mmol/l. This upward inflection in risk could be adequately described using a single linear term above this threshold. A 1 mmol/l increase in blood glucose after this point was associated with a 27% increase in risk of death from stroke (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.42). This increase in risk was partially attenuated by adjustment for covariates (1.17, 1.04-1.31) but remained statistically significant at conventional levels. Similar observations were made when all-cause mortality was the outcome of interest, although the magnitude of the association with blood glucose was somewhat lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An incremental elevation in stroke mortality rates occurs with increasing post-challenge blood glucose.
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK. david-b@sphsu.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davey Smith
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000401:mortality*; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose