title: The evolutionary history and tissue mapping of amino acid transporters belonging to solute carrier families SLC32, SLC36, and SLC38.
abstract: Members of the solute carrier families (SLC) 32, 36, and 38, together also designated the beta-group of SLCs, are known to transport neutral amino acids. In this paper, we show that these three families were present before the split of the animal lineage and that they are likely to share a common decent. We also show that the APF transporters found in plants are most likely homologous to the mammalian beta-group, suggesting that this type of transporters arouse early in the evolution of eukaryotes. We performed detailed tissue expression analysis of all the members of the beta-group in rat and found several examples of highly specific expression patterns, with SLC38A7 being exclusively found in liver, SLC38A5 in blood, and SLC38A4 in muscle and liver. Moreover, we found that SLC38A10 is expressed in several endocrine organs. We also found that SLC38A1 is highly up regulated in the cortex from rats treated with diazepam and that SLC38A2 is significantly down regulated in the same tissue. In addition, we performed a detailed expression analysis of SLC38A1 and SLC38A6 in mouse brain using in situ hybridization, which showed that both these transporters are widely expressed in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, P.O. Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wååg
authors.forename: Josefin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stephansson
authors.forename: Juris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rumaks
authors.forename: Simons
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svirskis
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alsiö
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebendal
authors.forename: Vija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klusa
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
mesh_terms: D026924:Amino Acid Transport System A / Q000235:genetics*; D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000235:genetics*; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007980:Levodopa / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D050495:Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D026924:Amino Acid Transport System A; D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C000594369:SNAT6 protein, mouse; D050495:Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins; D007980:Levodopa; D003975:Diazepam