title: Foxp3 expression in human cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) specifically characterizes the thymically derived naturally occurring regulatory T cells (Tregs). Limited evidence indicates that it is also expressed, albeit to a lesser extent, in tissues other than thymus and spleen, while, very recently, it was shown that Foxp3 is expressed by pancreatic carcinoma. This study was scheduled to investigate whether expression of Foxp3 transcripts and mature protein occurs constitutively in various tumor types.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty five tumor cell lines of different tissue origins (lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, erythroid leukemia, acute T-cell leukemia) were studied. Detection of Foxp3 mRNA was performed using both conventional RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR while protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry, using different antibody clones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foxp3 mRNA as well as Foxp3 protein was detected in all tumor cell lines, albeit in variable levels, not related to the tissue of origin. This expression correlated with the expression levels of IL-10 and TGFb1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We offer evidence that Foxp3 expression, characterizes tumor cells of various tissue origins. The biological significance of these findings warrants further investigation in the context of tumor immune escape, and especially under the light of current anti-cancer efforts interfering with Foxp3 expression.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, GR-411 10 Larissa, Greece. vkaran@med.uth.gr
authors.forename: Vaios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karanikas
authors.forename: Matthaios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Speletas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zamanakou
authors.forename: Fani
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalala
authors.forename: Gedeon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loules
authors.forename: Theodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerenidi
authors.forename: Angeliki K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Barda
authors.forename: Konstantinos I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Gourgoulianis
authors.forename: Anastasios E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Germenis
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10