title: Onychomycosis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As far as we have sought for in Medline and PubMed, not one study until now has evaluated the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As there are great evidence of immunological disturbances linked to IBD, a possible relationship of this nail infection in association with those diseases and the possible risk factors might be relevant in IBD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control prospective study using combined direct smear and cultures for fungus was performed. Sociodemographics, clinical and laboratorial data were recorded at baseline and samples of suspected nails were collected from 141 IBD (61 men and 80 women) and from a group of 100 non-IBD subjects (41 men and 59 women). Direct smear and cultures were performed on each suspected case to exclude other onychodystrophies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was highly significant in comparison to non-IBD patients (14.9% vs. 6%, respectively, P < 0.05). The risk factors predisposing IBD patients to onychomycosis were older age (P = 0.02) and leucopoenia in those using azathioprine therapy (P = 0.04) beyond a trend to lymphopenia (P = 0.06). The dermatophytes predominated (76.2%) over yeasts (19%) and moulds (4.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was expressively high (14.9%) in comparison with non-IBD patients. Considering the sociodemographic factors, any one but two were related to fungal onychomycosis incidence. Therefore, as far as we are concerned, IBD must be included in the high-risk underlying conditions for onychomycosis occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Dermatology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, University of Juiz de Fora School of Medicine, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaburri
authors.forename: J M F
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chebli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanine
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gamonal
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Gaburri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents