title: Evaluation of health-related quality of life in patients with Cushing's syndrome with a new questionnaire.
abstract: Chronic exposure to hypercortisolism has significant impact on patient's health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), as demonstrated with generic questionnaires. We have developed a disease-generated questionnaire to evaluate HRQoL in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS; CushingQoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Validate the CushingQoL questionnaire in patients with CS in clinical practice conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational, international, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 patients were recruited by 14 investigators from Spain, France, Germany, The Netherlands, and Italy over a 2-month period. Clinical and hormonal data were collected and correlated with results of the generic short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, a question on self-perceived general health status and the CushingQoL score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 107 patients were pituitary-dependent and 18 adrenal-dependent CS; 104 (83%) were females, mean age 45 years (range 20-73 years); 39 (31%) were currently hypercortisolemic; and 47 (38%) adrenal insufficient. In clinical practice, CushingQoL was feasible (117; 94% of patients fully responded to the questionnaire in a mean time of 4 min), reliable (Crohnbach's alpha=0.87), and valid (factorial analysis demonstrated unidimensionality and Rasch analysis lead to a final version with 12 items). A significant (P<0.001) correlation was observed between CushingQoL score and patients self-perceived general health status and dimensions of SF-36 (Pearson's correlation coefficient > or =0.597). Patients with current hypercortisolism scored worse (lower) than those without (44+/-22 vs 56+/-21, P=0.004). Linear regression analysis identified female gender and hypercortisolism as significant predictors for worse QoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CushingQoL is useful to evaluate HRQoL in patients with CS and correlates with clinical parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Sant Pau, Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Pare Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. swebb@santpau.es
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Badia
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barahona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Strasburger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabarin
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: van Aken
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pivonello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: S W J
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Glusman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*