title: Bioimaging nitric oxide in activated macrophages in vitro and hepatic inflammation in vivo based on a copper-naphthoimidazol coordination compound.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) serves as a messenger for cellular signaling and physiological reactions such as inflammatory responses in vivo. Fluorescent bioimaging of nitric oxide is a very useful tool in NO functional research. Although many encouraging results have been achieved in the field of NO fluorescent detection, there is rarely satisfying result in inflammatory NO imaging in vivo. Here we report that fluorescent 5'-chloro-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol can coordinate with Cu(II) to form a non-fluorescent coordination compound, which is able to directly and quickly image NO in cellular system or in vivo inflammation system with a turn-on fluorescence, based on a redox action of Cu(II). It was used to image NO produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated murine macrophages. More importantly, it could image the NO production in an acute severe hepatic injury (ASHI) model of BALB/c mice induced by integrative LPS and D-galactosamine (GalN) treatment. The results prove that the 5'-chloro-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol coordinated with cupric ions can serve as an excellent NO bioimaging agent in different biological systems especially in inflammation related systems, and it may be valuable for diagnostic and pathological studies of NO related diseases.
authors.affiliation: The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 263 Hongqi South Road, Tianjin 300191, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hongqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chenyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009284:Naphthols / Q000737:chemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009284:Naphthols; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003300:Copper; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II