title: Differential sensitization of afferent neuronal pathways during postoperative ileus in the mouse jejunum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative ileus induces reflex inhibition of gastrointestinal motility and an intestinal inflammatory response. We aimed to determine whether afferent sensitivity is increased during postoperative ileus and whether alterations are cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice underwent laparotomy followed by standardized small bowel manipulation to induce ileus or sham treatment. After 24 hours, extracellular multiunit mesenteric afferent nerve discharge was recorded in vitro from 2-cm segments of jejunum. Fos immunoreactivity was determined for neuronal activation in the vagal nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) of the brain stem and leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal muscularis by myeloperoxidase stains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serosal bradykinin (1 microM) was followed by an increase in afferent discharge to 65 +/- 5 imp x s(-1) in ileus segments compared with 37 +/- 6 imp x s(-1) in sham controls (P < 0.05). The response was attenuated to 31 +/- 7 imp x s(-1) after the selective COX-2 inhibitor 5,5-dimethyl-3-(flurorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenyl-2(5H)-furanone (DFU) in ileus segments. Afferent firing during ileus was augmented at luminal distension at 20 mm Hg but not at pressures up to 60 mm Hg. The number of Fos-positive neurons in the nTS was 110 +/- 45 during ileus compared with 7 +/- 4 in sham controls (-7.32 mm from bregma, P < 0.05) and did not differ after DFU. The intestinal muscularis contained more leukocytes during ileus compared with ileus segments after DFU and controls (both P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides direct evidence from afferent nerve recordings that sensitivity to bradykinin, which stimulates predominantly spinal afferents, is augmented during postoperative ileus involving a COX-2 pathway. Vagal afferents were also sensitized because low-threshold mechanosensitivity and neuronal activation in the nTS were increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Mario H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glatzle
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kampitoglou
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kasparek
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kreis
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000502:physiology; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D045823:Ileus / Q000209:etiology*; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D001920:Bradykinin