title: LY2109761, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor type I and type II dual inhibitor, as a therapeutic approach to suppressing pancreatic cancer metastasis.
abstract: Most pancreatic cancer patients present with inoperable disease or develop metastases after surgery. Conventional therapies are usually ineffective in treating metastatic disease. It is evident that novel therapies remain to be developed. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays a key role in cancer metastasis, signaling through the TGF-beta type I/II receptors (TbetaRI/II). We hypothesized that targeting TbetaRI/II kinase activity with the novel inhibitor LY2109761 would suppress pancreatic cancer metastatic processes. The effect of LY2109761 has been evaluated on soft agar growth, migration, invasion using a fibroblast coculture model, and detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis) by Annexin V flow cytometric analysis. The efficacy of LY2109761 on tumor growth, survival, and reduction of spontaneous metastasis have been evaluated in an orthotopic murine model of metastatic pancreatic cancer expressing both luciferase and green fluorescence proteins (L3.6pl/GLT). To determine whether pancreatic cancer cells or the cells in the liver microenvironment were involved in LY2109761-mediated reduction of liver metastasis, we used a model of experimental liver metastasis. LY2109761 significantly inhibited the L3.6pl/GLT soft agar growth, suppressed both basal and TGF-beta1-induced cell migration and invasion, and induced anoikis. In vivo, LY2109761, in combination with gemcitabine, significantly reduced the tumor burden, prolonged survival, and reduced spontaneous abdominal metastases. Results from the experimental liver metastasis models indicate an important role for targeting TbetaRI/II kinase activity on tumor and liver microenvironment cells in suppressing liver metastasis. Targeting TbetaRI/II kinase activity on pancreatic cancer cells or the cells of the liver microenvironment represents a novel therapeutic approach to prevent pancreatic cancer metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Melisi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Guido M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Sclabas
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Qianghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis / Q000187:drug effects; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; C530108:LY2109761; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D000093542:Gemcitabine