title: Paternal age and mortality in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since paternal age correlates with some diseases that have a high case-fatality, a paternal age effect on offspring's survival is expected but unsettled. We examined the association between paternal age and mortality in children in a large population-based cohort taking maternal age and socioeconomic factors into account.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the Danish Fertility Database (1980-1996), we identified 102,879 couples and their firstborn singleton children. Information on childhood death (N = 831) was obtained by linking the cohort to the nationwide register on cause of death (1980-1998).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a U-shaped association between paternal age and the overall mortality rate in children up to 18 years of age. Adjustment for maternal age and other confounders reduced the mortality rate ratio (MRR) for children of younger fathers but not for children of older fathers. Compared with children of fathers aged between 25 and 29 years, the adjusted MRR was 1.77 (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.45) for children of fathers aged between 45 and 49 years and 1.59 (1.03-2.46) for children of fathers aged 50 years or more. The cause-specific MRRs were highest for congenital malformations [2.35 (1.42-3.88)] and injury or poisoning [3.43 (1.49-7.92)] for children of fathers aged 45 years or more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data revealed a higher mortality in offspring of fathers aged 45 years or more that lasted into adulthood. This adds to the cumulating evidence on adverse effects of advanced paternal age in procreation.
authors.affiliation: The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 6, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. zjl@soci.au.dk
authors.forename: Jin Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mogens
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: Kreesten M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Jørn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D046688:Child Mortality; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D010331:Paternal Age; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors