title: What can we learn? Adult outcomes in children of seriously mentally ill mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information is lacking about the experiences, needs of, and interventions for children of seriously mentally ill mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry were used to retrospectively explore the characteristics and needs of adult children of seriously mentally ill mothers. The sample (N = 40) was recruited by referral and media advertisements. Childhood variables related to attachment, family environment, and parenting were compared to adult well-being outcomes of depression, quality of life, sense of coherence, and self-esteem. Participants also responded to the question "What other question should have been included in this study about your experience as the child of a seriously mentally ill mother?" and, additionally, spontaneously added their own clarifications of their answers to the survey questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was apparent that the childhoods of participants were disruptive and often painful. Over half of the sample reported having their own diagnosis of depression in adulthood. Despite these factors, most members of the study sample were functioning well in adulthood, most often as a result of their own initiative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high rate of depression in adulthood and participants' own descriptions of their painful memories and experiences of childhood identifies that more can and should be done to assist children of mentally ill mothers to cope with their environments. Interventions at various times in childhood are described.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Health and Family Studies Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen LeClear
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D014481:United States