title: KIT mutations induce intracellular retention and activation of an immature form of the KIT protein in gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are frequently associated with gain-of-function mutations of KIT, which can be inhibited by imatinib both in vitro and in vivo. The survival of patients with GIST, following imatinib therapy, has been correlated with the nature of mutations but not with KIT expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subcellular localization, activation, and trafficking of the mature and the immature forms of KIT were investigated in GIST samples and in NIH3T3 cells infected with two different GIST-type exon 11-mutated human KIT cDNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paranuclear dot expression of KIT was more frequent in GISTs with homozygous KIT mutations than in those with heterozygous (P = 0.01) or no mutations (P < 0.01). Activation of the immature 125 kDa form of KIT was detected in most GISTs with KIT mutations but not in GISTs without KIT mutations. In NIH3T3 cells, mutant KIT was mainly retained within endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments in an immature constitutively phosphorylated form, whereas the wild-type KIT was expressed at the plasma membrane, in a mature nonphosphorylated form. Imatinib-induced inhibition of the phosphorylation of immature and mature mutant KIT proteins resulted in the restoration of KIT expression at the cell surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that GIST-type KIT mutations induce an activation-dependent alteration of normal maturation and trafficking, resulting in the intracellular retention of the activated kinase within the cell. These observations likely account for the absence of correlation between response to imatinib and KIT expression using immunohistochemistry and may deserve to be investigated in other tyrosine kinase-activated tumors.
authors.affiliation: Equipe Cytokines et Cancers, INSERM U590, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabone-Eglinger
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Subra
authors.forename: Hiba
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Sayadi
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tabone
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Michot
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Théou-Anton
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Blay
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Emile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit