title: Implications of EGFR inhibition in ovarian cancer cell proliferation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is one of the four members of the Human Epidermal Receptor (HER) family and is over-expressed in multiple malignancies. EGFR over-expression in ovarian cancer has been associated with poor prognosis. Targeted inhibition of EGFR via its tyrosine kinase domain is a successful treatment in lung cancer. Our objective was to correlate EGFR over-expression and growth inhibition, by EGF receptor inhibitors, in ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  HER expression in nine epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and one lung cancer cell line was determined by Western blot analysis. EGFR phosphorylation sites were analyzed and DNA sequencing was performed. Cell proliferation assays were performed in the presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, and the EGFR monoclonal antibody, cetuximab. Inhibitory concentrations of 50% of these therapies were determined and compared across all cell lines. The lung cancer cell line, HCC827, was used as a control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of nine (44%) ovarian cancer cell lines and the control lung cancer cell line expressed EGFR. These same cell lines showed a common phosphorylated residue at position 992, while other residues were variably phosphorylated. All but one cell line expressed at least one HER family member. Mutational analysis of the ovarian cancer cell lines showed no mutations in EGFR exons 18-21. Cell proliferation assays using gefitinib and cetuximab showed minimal response in the ovarian cancer cell lines when compared to the control HCC827, but relative sensitivity compared to the one cell line that had no HER family expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ovarian cancer cell lines show variable expression of activated EGFR. EGFR inhibition alone, in ovarian tumors that lack a tyrosine kinase mutation or over-express EGFR is unlikely to result in clinical response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032, USA.
authors.forename: Shawna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bull Phelps
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Schorge
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Peyton
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Li-Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jayanthi S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lea
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000068818:Cetuximab; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000068818:Cetuximab; D000077156:Gefitinib