title: Pilot study of response inhibition and error processing in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex in healthy youth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent neuroimaging work suggests that inhibitory and error processing in healthy adults share overlapping, but functionally distinct neural circuitries within the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC); however, it remains unknown whether the pMFC is differentially engaged by response inhibition compared to error commission in the developing brain. Developmental neuroimaging studies of response inhibition have found pMFC activation, but the possible contribution of error-related activation during inhibitory processing has not been well studied in youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the processing of correct response inhibition compared to errors in the developing brain, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 11 healthy subjects, ages 8-14 years, during an antisaccade task while performance was monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful antisaccades activated the pre-supplementary motor area. In contrast, errors on the antisaccade task activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest the functional sub-specialization of inhibitory and error processing within the pMFC in this pilot sample of children and adolescents. Future neuroimaging studies of developing inhibitory control should examine both between correct and error trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. krd@umich.edu
authors.forename: Kate Dimond
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Zbrozek
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liberzon
authors.forename: Stephan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology