title: Effects of fentanyl on gastric myoelectrical activity: a possible association with polymorphisms of the mu-opioid receptor gene?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opioids have inhibitory effects on gastric motility, but the mechanism is far from clear. Electrical slow waves in the stomach determine the frequency and the peristaltic nature of gastric contractions. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the opioid fentanyl on gastric myoelectric activity. As there were large variations between the subjects, we investigated whether the variation was correlated to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used cutaneous multichannel electrogastrography (EGG) to study myoelectrical activity in 20 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Fasting EGG was recorded for 30 min, followed by intravenous administration of fentanyl 1 microg/kg and subsequent EGG recording for 30 min. Spectral analysis of the two recording periods was performed and the variables assessed were dominant frequency (DF) of the EGG and its power (DP). Genetic analysis of the SNP A118G and G691C of the MOR gene was performed with the polymerase chain reaction technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant reduction in DF and DP after intravenous fentanyl. However, there was a large variation between the patients. In eight subjects EGG was unaffected, five subjects had a slower DF (bradygastria) and in six subjects the slow waves disappeared. We found no correlation between the EGG outcome and the presence of A118G or G691C in the MOR gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl inhibited gastric myoelectrical activity in about half of the subjects. The variation could not be explained by SNP in the MOR gene. Because of small sample size, the results must be regarded as preliminary observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden. jakob.wallden@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walldén
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandin
authors.forename: S-E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Thörn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wattwil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D013270:Stomach / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D005283:Fentanyl