title: Autism spectrum disorder scale scores in pediatric mood and anxiety disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare scores on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptom scales in healthy youths and youths with mood or anxiety disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 352 youths were recruited (107 healthy participants, 88 with an anxiety disorder, 32 with major depressive disorder, 62 with bipolar disorder, and 63 with a mood disorder characterized by severe nonepisodic irritability). Participants received structured psychiatric interviews and parent ratings on at least one of three ASD symptom scales: Children's Communication Checklist, Social Communication Questionnaire, and Social Responsiveness Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to healthy youths, youths with mood or anxiety disorders exhibited higher scores on each ASD symptom scale. ASD symptom scale scores also showed an association with impairment severity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Among patients with mood disorders but not those with anxiety disorders, consistent, statistically significant associations between diagnosis and ASD symptom scale scores remained even after controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with mood disorders exhibit higher scores on ASD symptom scales than healthy youths or youths with anxiety disorders. These data should alert clinicians to the importance of assessing ASD symptoms to identify social reciprocity and communication deficits as possible treatment targets in pediatric mood and anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Pine, Guyer, and Towbin and Ms. Goldwin are with the Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience and Dr. Leibenluft is with the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders of the Emotion and Development Branch, Mood and Anxiety Program (MAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services.. Electronic address: pined@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.affiliation: Drs. Pine, Guyer, and Towbin and Ms. Goldwin are with the Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience and Dr. Leibenluft is with the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders of the Emotion and Development Branch, Mood and Anxiety Program (MAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Guyer
authors.affiliation: Drs. Pine, Guyer, and Towbin and Ms. Goldwin are with the Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience and Dr. Leibenluft is with the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders of the Emotion and Development Branch, Mood and Anxiety Program (MAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldwin
authors.affiliation: Drs. Pine, Guyer, and Towbin and Ms. Goldwin are with the Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience and Dr. Leibenluft is with the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders of the Emotion and Development Branch, Mood and Anxiety Program (MAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services.
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Towbin
authors.affiliation: Drs. Pine, Guyer, and Towbin and Ms. Goldwin are with the Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience and Dr. Leibenluft is with the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders of the Emotion and Development Branch, Mood and Anxiety Program (MAP), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibenluft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results