title: Contribution of cardiac-induced brain pulsation to the noise of the diffusion tensor in Turboprop diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of cardiac-induced brain pulsation on the noise of the diffusion tensor in Turboprop (a form of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction [PROPELLER] imaging) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of six healthy human subjects were imaged with cardiac-gated as well as nongated Turboprop DTI. Gated and nongated Turboprop DTI datasets were also simulated using actual data acquired exclusively during the diastolic or systolic period of the cardiac cycle. The total variance of the diffusion tensor (TVDT) was measured and compared between acquisitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TVDT near the ventricles was significantly reduced in cardiac-gated compared to nongated Turboprop DTI acquisitions. Furthermore, the effects of brain pulsation were reduced, but not eliminated, when increasing the amount of data collected. Finally, data corrupted by cardiac-induced pulsation were not consistently detected by the step of the conventional Turboprop reconstruction algorithm that evaluates the quality of data in different blades. Thus, the inherent quality weighting of the conventional Turboprop reconstruction algorithm was unable to compensate for the increased noise in the diffusion tensor due to brain pulsation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac-induced brain pulsation increases the TVDT in Turboprop DTI. Use of cardiac gating to limit data acquisition to the diastolic period of the cardiac cycle reduces the TVDT at the expense of imaging time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Minzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Ashish A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tamhane
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arfanakis
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011674:Pulse