title: Murine prostate cancer inhibition by dietary phytochemicals--curcumin and phenyethylisothiocyanate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prior studies from our laboratory have demonstrated the efficacy of a combined treatment of low doses of dietary agents curcumin and phenylethylisothiocyanate in effectively suppressing prostate cancer in vitro in human prostate cancer PC3 cells as well as in vivo in immunodeficient mice implanted with PC3 cells. Hence, this study was undertaken to examine the potential chemopreventive properties of the two agents against transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of AIN-76A diet supplemented with 2% curcumin or 0.05% PEITC or a combination of 1% curcumin and 0.025% PEITC for periods of 10 and 16 weeks was tested against adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of proliferation and apoptotic biomarkers. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Supplementing AIN-76A diet with dietary phytochemicals curcumin or PEITC either alone or in combination, significantly decreased incidence of prostate tumor formation (P = 0.0064). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant inhibition of high-grade PIN (P = 0.0006, 0.000069, 0.00029 for a treatment period of 10 weeks and P = 0.02582, 0.022179, 0.0317 for a treatment period of 16 weeks) along with decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic index in the curcumin, PEITC or curcumin and PEITC treated animals, respectively. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed that downregulation of the Akt signaling pathway may in part play a role in decreasing cell proliferation ultimately retarding prostate tumor formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data lucidly evidence the chemopreventive merits of dietary phytochemicals curcumin and PEITC in suppressing prostate adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Avantika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barve
authors.forename: Tin Oo
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.forename: Xingpei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Young-Sam
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Chung S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bandaru
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Ah-Ng Tony
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; C494820:Bad protein, mouse; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C467200:Foxo1 protein, mouse; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D003474:Curcumin