Kinetic stages of single-component colloidal crystallization.
To harness the full potential of colloidal self-assembly, the dynamics of the transition between colloids in suspension to a colloidal crystalline film should be better understood. In this report, the structural changes during the self-assembly process in a vertical configuration for colloids in the size range 200-400 nm are monitored in situ, using the transmission spectrum of the colloidal assembly treated as an emergent photonic crystal. It is found that there are several sequential stages of colloidal ordering: in suspension, with a larger lattice parameter than the solid state, in a close-packed wet state with solvent in the interstices, and, finally, in a close-packed dry state with air in the interstices. Assuming that these stages lead continuously from one to another, we can interpret colloidal crystallization as being initiated by interparticle forces in suspension first, followed by capillary forces. This result has implications for identifying the optimum conditions to obtain high-quality nanostructures of submicrometer-sized colloidal particles.
Koh
Yaw Koon
YK
Singapore-MIT Alliance, N3.1-01-36, 65 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637460. yawkoon@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
Yip
Chan Hoe
CH
Chiang
Yet-Ming
YM
Wong
Chee Cheong
CC