title: Neural control of the gastrointestinal tract: implications for Parkinson disease.
abstract: Disorders of swallowing and gastrointestinal motility are prominent nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD). Motility of the gut is controlled both by extrinsic inputs from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia and by local reflexes mediated by intrinsic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Both the ENS and the DMV are affected by Lewy body pathology at early stages of PD. This early involvement provides insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal dysmotility in this disorder and may constitute an important step in the etiopathogenesis of Lewy body disease.
authors.affiliation: Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cersosimo
authors.forename: Eduardo E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Benarroch
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology