title: Spatiotemporal protein distribution of TGF-betas, their receptors, and extracellular matrix molecules during embryonic tendon development.
abstract: Tendon is one of the least understood tissues of the musculoskeletal system in terms of development and morphogenesis. Collagen fibrillogenesis has been the most studied aspect of tendon development, focusing largely on the role of matrix molecules such as collagen type III and decorin. While involvement of matrix molecules in collagen fibrillogenesis during chick tendon development is well understood, the role of growth factors has yet to be elucidated. This work examines the expression patterns of transforming growth factor (TGF) -beta1, -beta2, and -beta3, and their receptors with respect to expression patterns of collagen type III, decorin, and fibronectin. We focus on the intermediate stages of tendon development in the chick embryo, a period during which the tendon micro- and macro-architecture are being established. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that TGF-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 have distinct spatiotemporal developmental protein localization patterns in the developing tendon and strongly suggest that these isoforms have independent roles in tendon development.
authors.affiliation: Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8022, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Rocky S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D024061:Collagen Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058575:Decorin; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D009024:Morphogenesis; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024061:Collagen Type III; C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011509:Proteoglycans; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C071736:betaglycan; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II