title: The effect of the surface of SnO2 nanoribbons on their luminescence using x-ray absorption and luminescence spectroscopy.
abstract: X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) and x-ray absorption near-edge structure in total electron, x-ray fluorescence, and photoluminescence yields at Sn M5,4-, O K-, and Sn K-edges have been used to study the luminescence from SnO2 nanoribbons. The effect of the surface on the luminescence from SnO2 nanoribbons was studied by preferential excitation of the ions in the near-surface region and at the normal lattice positions, respectively. No noticeable change of luminescence from SnO2 nanoribbons was observed if the Sn ions in the near-surface region were excited selectively, while the luminescence intensity changes markedly when Sn or O ions at the normal lattice positions were excited across the corresponding edges. Based on the experimental results, we show that the luminescence from SnO2 nanoribbons is dominated by energy transfer from the excitation of the whole SnO2 lattice to the surface states. Surface site specificity is not observable due to its low concentration and weak absorption coefficient although the surface plays an important role in the emission as a luminescence center. The energy transfer and site specificity of the XEOL or the lack of the site specificity from a single-phase sample is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada. xzhou44@uwo.ca
authors.forename: X T
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J Y P
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heigl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Regier
authors.forename: R I R
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Blyth
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Sham