title: CD4+ count and risk of non-AIDS diseases following initial treatment for HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reductions in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality following the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy have coincided with relative increases in chronic non-AIDS end-organ diseases among HIV+ patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of latest CD4+ counts with risk of non-AIDS diseases in a cohort of 1397 patients who initiate antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD4+ counts and HIV RNA levels along with fatal, and non-fatal, AIDS and non-AIDS diseases (liver, cardiovascular, renal, and cancer) were assessed over a median follow-up of 5 years. Cox proportional regression models were used to study risk associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 227 patients experienced an AIDS event and 80 patients developed a non-AIDS disease event. Both AIDS and non-AIDS diseases rates (events/100 person-years), respectively, declined with higher latest CD4+ counts: 13.8 and 2.1 with latest CD4+ counts less than 200 cells/microl; 2.0 and 1.7 for counts of 200-350 cells/microl; and 0.7 and 0.7 for counts greater than 350 cells/microl. After adjusting for baseline covariates and the latest HIV RNA level, risk of AIDS and non-AIDS diseases were lowered by 44% (95% confidence interval for hazard ratio 0.50-0.62, P < 0.01) and 14% (95% confidence interval for hazard ratio 0.77-0.96, P = 0.01), respectively, for each 100 cell/microl higher latest CD4+ count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher CD4+ counts on antiretroviral therapy are associated with lower rates of non-AIDS diseases and AIDS. These findings expand our understanding of the implications of HIV-related immunodeficiency and motivate randomized studies to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy on a broad set of clinical outcomes at CD4+ counts greater than 350 cells/microl.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. baker459@umn.edu
authors.forename: Jason V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rapkin
authors.forename: Donald I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.forename: Rodger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: Winston P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Cavert
authors.forename: W Keith
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Neaton
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents