title: Immediate loading of splinted locking-taper implants: 1-year survival estimates and risk factors for failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to estimate the 1-year survival rate of immediate vertical-load splinted locking-taper implants and to identify risk factors for implant failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address the research aim, the investigators implemented a retrospective cohort study design and enrolled a sample derived from the population of patients who had received immediate vertical-load splinted implants (Bicon, Boston, MA). The predictor variables were the sets of exposures associated with implant failure and classified as demographic, health status, anatomic, implant specific, prosthetic, and surgical. The primary outcome variable was implant failure, which was defined as implant removal. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses using clustered marginal approach of the Cox proportional hazards models were computed. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort was composed of 209 patients who received 477 implants. The overall 1-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 90.3% (95% CI: 86.9%, 93.7%). In the multivariate model, implant placement in a delayed manner versus implantation the same day as extraction (hazard ratio = 3.7, P = .002), uncoated implants versus coated implants (hazard ratio = 22.1, P < .001), and an increased per-unit number of pontics involved in the temporary prosthesis (hazard ratio = 1.8, P < .001) were statistically associated with an increased risk of implant failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An overall 1-year survival estimate of 90.3% (95% CI: 86.9%, 93.7%) was calculated for immediately loaded splinted implants. After controlling for other variables, 3 variables-timing of implant placement relative to extraction (delayed implant placement after tooth extraction), coating of implant (uncoated), and increased number of pontics-were associated with an increased risk for implant failure.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Erakat
authors.forename: Sung-Kiang
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Roy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weed
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Dodson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants