title: Comparative effects of amlodipine monotherapy and combination therapy with betaxolol on cardiac autonomic nervous activity and health-related quality of life in patients with poorly controlled hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the combined treatment of calcium channel blocker, amlodipine and beta-blocker, betaxolol, favorably affects cardiac autonomic nervous activity (CANA) and health-related quality of life (HRQL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 65 patients with a poor blood pressure (BP) control with a low dose amlodipine therapy were randomly assigned to the amlodipine dose-up group (n=21) and betaxolol adding group (n=44). Before and after a 6-month treatment, BP, heart rate variability (HRV), HRQL and blood chemistries were evaluated. Low frequency (LF) spectra/high frequency (HF) spectra and HF/total power spectra (TP) were calculated as indexes of CANA, and HRQL was assessed by the questionnaire sheets. BP was well controlled in all patients of the present study. In the betaxolol adding group, LF/HF decreased (2.1+/-1.9 to 1.3+/-0.9, p<0.05) and HF/TP reciprocally increased (0.41+/-0.17 to 0.52+/-0.18, p<0.05), whereas the amlodipine dose-up group showed no significant changes in the HRV. HRQL was significantly improved in the betaxolol adding group, whereas it remained unchanged in the amlodipine dose-up group. Blood chemistries remained unchanged except for the slightly increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations in the betaxolol adding group (36+/-47 to 62+/-62 pg/ml, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatment of amlodipine and betaxolol appears to be more useful than amlodipine dose-up therapy, because combined treatment improves CANA and HRQL.
authors.affiliation: National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Bonpei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Takase
authors.forename: Yasuchika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeishi
authors.forename: Tadakazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Jong-Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzui
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senda
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinugawa
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D015784:Betaxolol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine; D015784:Betaxolol