title: Targeting CD24 for treatment of colorectal and pancreatic cancer by monoclonal antibodies or small interfering RNA.
abstract: CD24 is a potential oncogene reported to be overexpressed in a large variety of human malignancies. We have shown that CD24 is overexpressed in 90% of colorectal tumors at a fairly early stage in the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Anti-CD24 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induce a significant growth inhibition in colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines that express the protein. This study is designed to investigate further the effects of CD24 down-regulation using mAb or small interfering RNA in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis showed that anti-CD24 mAb induced CD24 protein down-regulation through lysosomal degradation. mAb augmented growth inhibition in combination with five classic chemotherapies. Xenograft models in vivo showed that tumor growth was significantly reduced in mAb-treated mice. Similarly, stable growth inhibition of cancer cell lines was achieved by down-regulation of CD24 expression using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The produced clones proliferated more slowly, reached lower saturation densities, and showed impaired motility. Most importantly, down-regulation of CD24 retarded tumorigenicity of human cancer cell lines in nude mice. Microarray analysis revealed a similar pattern of gene expression alterations when cells were subjected to anti-CD24 mAb or shRNA. Genes in the Ras pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase, or BCL-2 family and others of oncogenic association were frequently down-regulated. As a putative new oncogene that is overexpressed in gastrointestinal malignancies early in the carcinogenesis process, CD24 is a potential target for early intervention in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
authors.affiliation: The Integrated Cancer Prevention Center, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sagiv
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rozovski
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khosravi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altevogt
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arber
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010957:Plasmids; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering