title: Evaluation of type 1 growth factor receptor family expression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of the type 1 growth factor receptor family in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays consisting of 100 benign thyroid lesions and 105 malignant thyroid lesions stained for HER1, HER2, HER3, and HER4 were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HER1, HER2, HER3, and HER4 were expressed in 76%, 2%, 57%, and 73% of DTC cases, respectively. HER1 and HER3 showed significantly increased expression, and HER4 showed significantly decreased expression, in DTC compared with benign thyroid lesions. HER3 expression correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis, tumor type, and higher N stage; the expression of HER4 correlated with lower T stage. A classifier targeting benign versus malignant status with all 4 markers as potential predictors displayed an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 66.8%, 63.5%, and 70.0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For DTC, HER1, HER3, and HER4 have diagnostic and prognostic utility, and warrant further study as targets for cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6Z-1Y6. smwiseman@providencehealth.bc.ca
authors.forename: Sam M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wiseman
authors.forename: Obi L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melck
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masoudi
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gown
authors.forename: Ivan R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.forename: Steven J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; C512478:EGFR protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human