title: 3.0-T MRI evaluation of patients with chronic liver diseases: initial observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of chronic liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients who had chronic liver diseases and underwent 3.0-T MRI for evaluation of the liver were included in the study. The first group of patients included 66 consecutive patients (33 male, 33 female; mean age+/-standard deviation, 56+/-11). The second group of patients included 30 consecutive patients (18 males, 12 females; mean age+/-standard deviation, 53+/-10) in whom Variable-Rate Selective Excitation (VERSE) pulses and improved adjustments procedure were used during the acquisitions. Imaging findings of chronic liver diseases, predetermined artifacts and image quality of all individual sequences in the first group and predetermined artifacts and image quality of T2-weighted sequences in the second group were reviewed retrospectively and independently by two reviewers. chi-Square tests were used to compare the findings between two groups of patients and individual sequences. Kappa statistics were used to determine the extent of agreement between the reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen dysplastic nodules in 6 of 66 (9%) patients and 12 hepatocellular carcinomas in 11 of 66 (17%) patients were detected. Excluding motion artifacts, three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted gradient-echo (GE) sequence was the least affected sequence by the artifacts. Image quality of T1-weighted 3D-GE sequences was excellent in 43 of 66 (65%) patients. In-phase and out-of-phase T1-weighted spoiled GE (SGE) images were fair in 62 of 66 (94%) and 61 of 66 (92%) patients, respectively. The image quality of short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) sequences were fair in 31 of 66 (47%) and 53 of 66 (80%) patients. STIR and half-Fourier RARE sequences in the second group demonstrated significantly better image quality (P=.03 and P<.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3.0-T MRI allows the acquisition of very high quality postgadolinium 3D-GE sequence, which permitted the detection and characterization of lesions in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The use of VERSE pulses and improved adjustments procedure improved the image quality of T2-weighted sequences. In-phase/out-of-phase SGE sequences are at present of fair quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zapparoli
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Semelka
authors.forename: Ersan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsurusaki
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pamuklar
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Emerson L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Gasparetto
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium