title: Perkinsus marinus in pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis from Nayarit, Pacific coast of México.
abstract: Culture of the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis is emerging as an alternative to the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) for oyster producers, who face severe mortalities since 1997 in Northwest México. For determining the health status of this species, we conducted a histopathological analysis of cultured populations from two estuaries in the Pacific coast of México. Macroscopical analysis revealed animals with transparent and retracted mantle. Histopathological analysis of these specimens showed tissue alterations and parasitic forms consistent with Perkinsus sp. infection. Stages of the parasite identified included tomont and trophozoites with an eccentric vacuole characteristic of Perkinsus spp. Pieces of tissues of infected oysters were incubated in Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (FTM) resulting in blue-black hypnospores after incubation. The identity of the parasite was confirmed by species specific PCR-based assay in DNA samples from oysters, tissue fractions from FTM cultures, and deparaffined samples with Perkinsus-like parasite detected by histology. Sequencing of positive amplified fragments (307bp) showed a sequence similar to Perkinsus marinus strain TXsc NTS ribosomal RNA gene (100% coverage and 98% identity, GenBank Accession No. AF497479.1) and to P. marinus, Genomic DNA, (100% coverage and 97% identity, GenBank Accession No. S78416.1). The prevalence of P. marinus varied from 1 to 5% in Boca del Camichín and from 1 to 6% in Pozo Chino. In general, the intensity of infection was moderate. The infection was observed in oysters from 31 to 110mm of shell length. This is the first record of P. marinus in oysters from the North America Pacific coast and the first record in C. corteziensis. The origin of this parasite in the area is unknown, but it may be associated to introductions of Crassostrea virginica from the East coast of United States of America or Gulf of México.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Tijuana-Ensenada, México. caceresj@isa-ac.org.mx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cáceres-Martínez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vásquez-Yeomans
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Padilla-Lardizábal
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: del Río Portilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016782:Apicomplexa / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003470:Culture Media; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D008800:Mexico; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000469:parasitology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013864:Thioglycolates; D053058:Trophozoites / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D013864:Thioglycolates