title: Individual responses to a method of cursor assistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate a new click assistance technique, Steady Clicks, designed to help computer users with motor impairments to click more accurately using a mouse. Specifically, Steady Clicks suppresses two types of errors: slipping while clicking and accidentally clicking. Steady Clicks suppresses these errors by freezing the cursor during mouse clicks, preventing overlapping button presses and suppressing clicks made while the mouse is moving at a high velocity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven individuals with motor impairments participated in a repeated-measures evaluation of Steady Clicks. This evaluation involved performing a clicking task both with and without Steady Clicks, while time-stamped log files detailing each participant's cursor movements and mouse button presses were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When using Steady Clicks, five of the 11 participants were able to select targets using significantly fewer attempts, and had significantly improved overall task performance times. Blocking of overlapping and high velocity clicks also shows promise as an error filter. For some participants, Steady Clicks had effects beyond a simple reduction in errors and error correction time, including faster positioning times with fewer, shorter pauses. Two participants slipped a greater distance when using Steady Clicks, suggesting they were taking advantage of the support. Two were much less fatigued, and one was able to start using a simpler clicking strategy. Nine participants preferred Steady Clicks to the unassisted condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large individual differences were found not only in performance but also in the ways that individuals reacted to and benefited from the cursor assistance. The results showed that Steady Clicks can be used to effectively block slipping and accidental clicks by individuals for whom this is a problem. This assistance could be used in conjunction with existing techniques for cursor positioning, to enable faster and more effective mouse use for those who currently struggle with the standard computer mouse.
authors.affiliation: IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, NY 10598, USA. trewin@us.ibm.com
authors.forename: Shari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trewin
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keates
authors.forename: Karyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moffatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D016288:Computer Terminals; D003201:Computers; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012656:Self-Help Devices; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014787:Vision Tests