title: Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry.
abstract: Vaccines have been used in avian influenza (AI) control programs to prevent, manage or eradicate AI from poultry and other birds. The best protection is produced from the humoral response against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. A variety of vaccines have been developed and tested under experimental conditions with a few receiving licensure and field use following demonstration of purity, safety, efficacy and potency. Current licensed vaccines are predominately inactivated whole AI vaccines, typically produced from low pathogenicity (LP) AI virus strains, or occasionally from high pathogenicity AI virus strains. Recently, reverse genetic procedures have been developed that allow construction of vaccine strains using a genetically altered HA gene (changing HP HA proteolytic cleavage site to LP) and a backbone of internal gene segments for safe, high growth production. Other licensed AI vaccines include recombinant fowl poxvirus vector with an AI H5 insert and a recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector with an AI H5 gene insert. The latter vaccine can be mass administered via aerosol application.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA. David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Swayne
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001717:Birds; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022282:Vaccines, Acellular; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D000547:Amantadine