title: Evidence from in vivo 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy phosphodiesters that exhaled ethane is a biomarker of cerebral n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study tested the hypothesis that exhaled ethane is a biomarker of cerebral n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation in humans. Ethane is released specifically following peroxidation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. We reasoned that the cerebral source of ethane would be the docosahexaenoic acid component of membrane phospholipids. Breakdown of the latter also releases phosphorylated polar head groups, giving rise to glycerophosphorylcholine and glycerophosphorylethanolamine, which can be measured from the 31-phosphorus neurospectroscopy phosphodiester peak. Schizophrenia patients were chosen because of evidence of increased free radical-mediated damage and cerebral lipid peroxidation in this disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of alveolar air were obtained from eight patients and ethane was analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (m/z = 30). Cerebral 31-phosphorus spectra were obtained from the same patients at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T using an image-selected in vivo spectroscopy sequence (TR = 10 s; 64 signal averages localized on a 70 x 70 x 70 mm3 voxel). The quantification of the 31-phosphorus signals using prior knowledge was carried out in the temporal domain after truncating the first 1.92 ms of the signal to remove the broad component present in the 31-phosphorus spectra.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ethane and phosphodiester levels, expressed as a percentage of the total 31-phosphorus signal, were positively and significantly correlated (rs = 0.714, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis that the measurement of exhaled ethane levels indexes cerebral n-3 lipid peroxidation. From a practical viewpoint, if human cerebral n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid catabolism can be measured by ethane in expired breath, this would be more convenient than determining the area of the 31-phosphorus neurospectroscopy phosphodiester peak.
authors.affiliation: MRI Unit, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imaging Sciences Department, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK. basant.puri@csc.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Basant K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Puri
authors.forename: Serena J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Counsell
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Marcelo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bustos
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Treasaden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004980:Ethane / Q000032:analysis*; D045853:Exhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010710:Phosphates; D010758:Phosphorus; D004980:Ethane