title: Application of drug delivery system to boron neutron capture therapy for cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor cell destruction in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is due to the nuclear reaction between (10)B and thermal neutrons ((10)B + (1)n --> (7)Li + (4)He (alpha) + 2.31 MeV (93.7 %)/2.79 MeV (6.3 %)). The resulting lithium ions and alphaparticles are high linear energy transfer (LET) particles which give a high biological effect. Their short range in tissue (5 - 9 mum) restricts radiation damage to those cells in which boron atoms are located at the time of neutron irradiation. BNCT has been applied clinically for the treatment of malignant brain tumors, malignant melanoma, head and neck cancer and hepatoma. Sodium mercaptoundecahydro-dodecaborate (Na(2)(10)B(12)H(11)SH: BSH) and borono-phenylalanine ((10)BPA) are currently being used in clinical treatments. These low molecule compounds are easily cleared from cancer cells and blood, so high accumulation and selective delivery of boron compounds into tumor tissues and cancer cells are most important to achieve effective BNCT and to avoid damage to adjacent healthy cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to achieve the selective delivery of boron atoms to cancer cells, a drug delivery system (DDS) is an attractive intelligent technology for targeting and controlled release of drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed literature searches related to boron delivery systems in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe several DDS technologies for boron delivery to cancer tissues and cancer cells from the past to current status. We are convinced that it will be possible to use liposomes, monoclonal antibodies and WOW emulsions as boron delivery systems for BNCT clinically in accordance with the preparation of good commercial product (GCP) grade materials.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokyo, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo, Japan. yanagie@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagië
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Masazumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriguchi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001896:Boron Compounds; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations