title: Assessing doses to interventional radiologists using a personal dosimeter worn over a protective apron.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interventional radiologists receive significant radiation doses, and it is important to have simple methods for routine monitoring of their exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of a dosimeter worn outside the protective apron for assessments of dose to interventional radiologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessments of effective dose versus dose to dosimeters worn outside the protective apron were achieved by phantom measurements. Doses outside and under the apron were assessed by phantom measurements and measurements on eight radiologists wearing two routine dosimeters for a 2-month period during ordinary working conditions. Finger doses for the same radiologists were recorded using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD; DXT-RAD Extremity dosimeters).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Typical values for the ratio between effective dose and dosimeter dose were found to be about 0.02 when the radiologist used a thyroid shield and about 0.03 without. The ratio between the dose to the dosimeter under and outside a protective apron was found to be less than 0.04. There was very good correlation between finger dose and dosimeter dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A personal dosimeter worn outside a protective apron is a good screening device for dose to the eyes and fingers as well as for effective dose, even though the effective dose is grossly overestimated. Relatively high dose to the fingers and eyes remains undetected by a dosimeter worn under the apron.
authors.affiliation: Buskerud University College, Drammen, Norway. erling.stranden@hibu.no
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stranden
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Widmark
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekse
mesh_terms: D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*