title: Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on conductive hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the null hypothesis that rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with a rigid bonded appliance has no effect on conductive hearing loss (CHL) in growing children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen growing subjects (mean age 13.43 +/- 0.86 years) who had narrow maxillary arches and CHL participated in this study. Three pure-tone audiometric and tympanometric records were taken from each subject. The first records were taken before RME (T1), the second after maxillary expansion (T2) (mean = 0.83 months), and the third after retention (mean = 6 months) and fixed appliance treatment (approximately 2 years) periods (T3). The data were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hearing levels of the patients were improved and air-bone gaps decreased at a statistically significant level (P < .001) during active expansion (T2-T1) and the retention and fixed appliance treatment (T2-T3) periods. Middle ear volume increased in all observation periods. However, a statistically significant increase was observed only in the T2-T3 period. No significant change was observed in the static compliance value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypothesis is rejected. RME treatment has a positive and statistically significant effect on both improvements in hearing and normal function of the eustachian tube in patients having transverse maxillary deficiency and CHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiki
authors.forename: Hüsamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oktay
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selimoglu
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000293:Adolescent; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation