title: Diesel exhaust particles are mutagenic in FE1-MutaMouse lung epithelial cells.
abstract: The particulate phase of diesel engine exhaust is likely carcinogenic. However, the mechanisms of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) induced mutagenicity/carcinogenicity are still largely unknown. We determined the mutant frequency following eight repeated 72 h incubations with 37.5 or 75 microg/ml DEP (NIST SRM 1650) in the FE1-MutaMouse lung epithelial cell line. We measured DEP-induced acellular and intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and compared with ROS production induced by carbon black, which we have previously shown is mutagenic in this cell line [N.R. Jacobsen, A.T. Saber, P. White, P. Moller, G. Pojana, U. Vogel, S. Loft, J. Gingerich, L. Soper, G.R. Douglas, H. Wallin. Increased mutant frequency by carbon black, but not quartz, in the lacZ and cII transgenes of mutamouse lung epithelial cells, Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48(6) (2007) 451-461]. The mutant frequency was marginally elevated in cells treated with 37.5 microg/ml DEP (1.29-fold [95% CI: 0.96-1.60], p=0.08) and significantly increased in cells treated with 75 microg/ml DEP (1.55-fold [95% CI: 1.23-1.87], p < 0.001). ROS production from DEP was low both within cells and in acellular systems when compared to carbon black. These results show that DEP are mutagenic in a mammalian cell line in vitro and that additional pathways besides ROS production, such as those involving the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, likely are involved in the mutagenesis.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nicklas Raun
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Corey Alexander
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loft
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallin
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D053260:Soot / Q000633:toxicity*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053260:Soot; D001335:Vehicle Emissions