title: Age-related effects of smoking on lung cancer mortality: a nationwide case-control comparison in 103 population centers in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine age-related effects of smoking on lung cancer mortality in a large population-based case-control study that was incorporated into a nationwide retrospective survey of mortality in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two data sets were pooled for this analysis: national mortality survey data and data from a nationwide case-control comparison. These pooled data were used to calculate age-specific lung cancer death rates by smoking status and expected years of lost life expectancy for each smoking-associated death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant excess of deaths (54% of urban deaths, 51% of rural deaths) at 35 to 69 years of age among male smokers and the average loss of life expectancy per smoking-associated death at these ages was 18.3 years. For women ages 35 to 69 years of age, 29% and 11% excess lung cancer mortality was observed in urban and rural smokers, respectively, with an average loss of life expectancy per smoking-associated death of 21.3 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco smoking was associated with a large number of deaths from lung cancer. Utilizing information from a population-based retrospective mortality survey for conducting an analytic epidemiological study of main determinants of disease is feasible and can generate important results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, Japan.
authors.forename: Jingmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Boqi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nasca
authors.forename: Junshi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xianjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Junyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality