title: Endothelial dysfunction and carotid lesions are strong predictors of clinical events in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis: a 24-month follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the vasodilator response to brachial artery and the presence of carotid lesions may have a prognostic significance in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vascular echography was performed to analyze flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) at the brachial artery and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries in 84 asymptomatic patients. At baseline, we evaluated all the established traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Transient ischemic attack, stroke, effort or unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular death served as outcome variables over a follow-up period of 24 months. Brachial FMD was correlated inversely with carotid IMT (P=0.003), systolic blood pressure (P=0.0001) and age (P=0.0001). IMT was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.0001), waist circumference (P=0.004) and age (P=0.01). At the end of the follow-up cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were registered in 29% of the patients and in a multivariate analysis, including all the variables evaluated at baseline, male sex [odds ratio (OR) 1.6, P=0.005], the presence of baseline carotid lesions (OR 3.5, P=0.02) and FMD below the median (OR 3.2, P=0.03) were the only variables predictive of clinical events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, endothelial dysfunction and carotid lesions significantly increased the risk of vascular events in asymptomatic patients with early stages of atherosclerosis. Assessment of systemic vasoreactivity and carotid IMT evaluation may provide, in this category of patients, important prognostic information in addition to that derived from traditional established cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Post-graduate School of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Nephro-Urological Diseases, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone of the University of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Egle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: Manfredi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muratori
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers