title: Radiotherapy of liver metastases. Comparison of target volumes and dose-volume histograms employing CT- or MRI-based treatment planning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess differences in delineated target volumes of liver metastases using contrast-enhanced CT and different MRI sequences for radiation treatment planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  25 patients with 43 colorectal liver metastases were recruited. Tumor margins were defined by two experienced radiologists. The resulting D90 was assessed and the CT-based 3-D dose distribution merged with the according MRI dataset by employing image fusion. A theoretical D90 as a result of MRI-based treatment planning was assessed for various MRI sequences individually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In venous phase contrast-enhanced CT, the mean tumor volume was 20 ml; T1-weighted (T1w) MRI, 27 ml; contrast-enhanced T1w 42 ml; T2w 65 ml. The difference between the target volumes as assessed by either CT or MRI was 181% for T1w images, 178% for contrast-enhanced T1w, and 246% for T2w sequences. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The analysis of the dose-volume histograms revealed statistically significant differences (i.e., for the D90) for the different target volumes specified by CT and MRI: mean D90 on CT, 18 Gy; plain T1w, 16 Gy; contrast-enhanced T1w, 15.5 Gy; T2w, 12 Gy. Hence, delineation of a larger target volume in T2w MRI compared to contrast-enhanced CT resulted in a smaller D90. The mean differences of tumor volumes assessed by CT and plain T1w were significantly higher in the group of patients showing local tumor recurrences as compared to patients with long-term local tumor control (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For treatment planning of liver metastases, the use of either plain T1w or T2w sequences is recommended to delineate the clinical target volume as completely as possible and not to miss potential tumor cell congregations in the surroundings as in CT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Magdeburg, Germany. maciej.pech@med.ovgu.de
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pech
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mohnike
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wieners
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bialek
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dudeck
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seidensticker
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wust
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gademann
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ricke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA