Herpesvirus prevalence and viral load in healthy blood donors by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
BACKGROUND
After primary infection, human herpesviruses (HHVs) maintain long-term latent persistence, often punctuated years later by sporadic episodes of symptomatic lytic activation. Also, blood-borne herpesvirus from healthy persistently infected blood donors can lead to active primary infection of immunocompromised transfusion recipients.


METHODS
Utilizing a set of newly developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection and quantification of all eight human herpesviruses, the prevalence and viral DNA load of white cell-enriched blood from 100 randomly selected blood donors from the southeast Texas region are reported.


RESULTS
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and HHV-8 DNA were not detected in any donor sample. In contrast, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (72%) and HHV-7 (65%) were commonly detected, HHV-6 (30%) was often detected (Type B only), and cytomegalovirus (CMV; 1%) was rarely detected. Median viral loads of positive samples (per milliliter of blood) ranged from 4278 for HHV-6 to less than 46 for EBV.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the potential for transfusion-mediated transmission of herpesviruses from healthy adult blood donors is high for EBV and HHV-7; moderately high for HHV-6; uncommon for CMV; and rare for HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and HHV-8. Perhaps the most remarkable finding in this study was the detection of a single donor sample with greater than 6.1 x 10(7) HHV-6 Type B genome equivalents per mL blood. Given that this extraordinarily high level of HHV-6 DNA was obtained from a healthy adult blood donor, this phenomenon is likely unrelated to active infection or immunodeficiency.
Hudnall
S David
SD
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0741, USA. shudnall@utmb.edu
Chen
Tiansheng
T
Allison
Paul
P
Tyring
Stephen K
SK
Heath
Ashley
A
D001782:Blood Donors; D006262:Health; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods*