title: Depression comorbidity and antidepressant use in veterans with chronic hepatitis C: results from a retrospective chart review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 2002 National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference Statement recommended that both clinical and research efforts be made to increase the availability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment to patients who were previously ineligible because of comorbid psychiatric illness and substance use disorders. However, little research on patients with HCV and comorbid depression has been conducted that can serve to inform and guide treatment of HCV. In this study we characterize the prevalence and severity of co-morbid depression, as well as antidepressant and other psychotropic prescribing patterns, in a sample of U.S. veterans with HCV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited between November 2002 and July 2005 from the liver specialty clinic and from a 1-time HCV patient education class conducted through the Portland Department of Veterans Affairs Northwest Hepatitis C Resource Center. Patients who signed informed consent were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory, Second Edition (BDI-II), and their medical records were reviewed for information regarding active prescriptions for psychotropic medications and prior psychiatric diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 881 veterans enrolled in the study, 783 (89%) completed the BDI-II. Approximately one third (34%, 264/783) of the veterans endorsed moderate to severe symptoms of depression (BDI-II score >or= 20), and 37% (290/783) were prescribed an antidepressant; however, 48% (140/290) of veterans prescribed an antidepressant continued to endorse moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Furthermore, of all veterans endorsing moderate to severe symptoms of depression (N = 264), only about half (56%, 148/264) were prescribed an antidepressant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of BDI-II scores, a significant proportion of veterans with HCV experience moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Although antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication, many who were prescribed an antidepressant continued to experience high levels of depressive symptoms, an important consideration when deciding whether to initiate antiviral therapy to treat HCV.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Hepatitis C Resource Center, Behavioral Health & Clinical Neurosciences Division, Portland Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nelligan
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Loftis
authors.forename: Annette M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Betsy L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: Alex M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha