title: Effects of statin treatment in men and women with stable coronary heart disease: a subgroup analysis of the GREACE Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to National Cholesterol Expert Panel (NCEP) goal is recommended. However, sex-specific effects may influence benefit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this post hoc analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary heart disease (CHD) Evaluation [GREACE] study we investigated the extent in vascular event reduction by statin treatment according to sex. From a total of 1600 patients with stable CHD, 624/176 and 632/168 were men/women on atorvastatin or on usual care, respectively. During 3-year follow-up, comparison of atorvastatin treatment with usual care demonstrated a relative risk reduction (RRR) of the primary end point (all vascular events) of 54% in women (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.87, p=0.003) and of 50% in men (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.70, p<0.001). The fall in LDL-C levels played the key role in end point reduction in both sexes. However, in men there was an additional benefit related to the atorvastatin-induced increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while in women end points were related to a substantial triglycerides (TG) reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with atorvastatin to the NCEP LDL-C goal compared with 'usual care' significantly reduced CHD morbidity and mortality in both men and women. Both men and women benefited from statin treatment possibly with different mechanisms making a contribution over and above LDL-C reduction.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome Units, Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotelian University, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasilios G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Athyros
authors.forename: Anna I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kakafika
authors.forename: Athanasios A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Kosmas I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Paraskevas
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tziomalos
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anagnostis
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pagourelias
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koumaras
authors.forename: Asterios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin