title: Soy intake is related to a lower body mass index in adult women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the relation of soy intake with body weight over the lifespan of women with Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian ancestry.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the relation between lifetime soy consumption and body mass index (BMI) among 1,418 women in Hawaii. All subjects reported anthropometric measures, regular diet, and soy intake throughout life. The lifetime soy questionnaire was completed again by a subset of 356 women 5 years after study entry and the kappa values indicated moderate agreement. We regressed soy intake on BMI at study entry and at age 21 while controlling for confounding variables, computed least square means, and performed trend tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher soy consumption in adulthood was related to a lower BMI (P=0.02). This association was only significant for Caucasian women and for postmenopausal subjects. The women in the highest category also experienced a smaller annual weight change since age 21 (by 0.05 kg/year) than the low soy intake group (P=0.02). We observed no association between early life soy intake and BMI. High vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a higher soy intake among Caucasian women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, women consuming more soy during adulthood had a lower BMI, but the relation was primarily observed for Caucasian and postmenopausal subjects. This indicates that the association may be due to other nutritional factors and behaviors common in women with high soy intake.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. gertraud@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maskarinec
authors.forename: Alison G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erber
authors.forename: Yumie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000592:standards*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013025:Glycine max; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data