title: Toxicity of carbaryl, diquat dibromide, and fluoranthene, individually and in mixture, to larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio.
abstract: This study examined the toxicity of two pesticides (carbaryl and diquat dibromide) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), both singly and in mixture, to grass shrimp larvae (Palaemonetes pugio). These three chemicals are all present in coastal environments and can easily enter estuarine ecosystems. Fluoranthene was the most toxic chemical with a 96-h LC50 value of 32.45 microg/L, followed by carbaryl (43.02 microg/L) and diquat dibromide (1624 microg/L). In the chemical mixture tests, the binary carbaryl/diquat dibromide mixture and the ternary carbaryl/diquat dibromide/fluoranthene mixture had additive results.
authors.affiliation: JHT Incorporated Contractor to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Service/Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. Katy.Chung@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Katy W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Allison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Key
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000633:toxicity*; D004178:Diquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; C007738:fluoranthene; D004178:Diquat; D012721:Carbaryl