title: Glutathione S-transferase A1 polymorphism as a risk factor for smoking-related type 2 diabetes among Japanese.
abstract: Glutathione S-transferases protect cells against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species and a reduction in antioxidant defenses. This study investigated whether GSTA1*A/*B and GSTP1Ile105Val polymorphisms could affect the risk for type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional case-control analysis included 468 (326 men and 142 women) Japanese participants in a health screening program. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 11.3% (63 subjects: 52 male and 11 female). The frequency of GSTA1*B allele carriers was higher in diabetes than in non-diabetes, though the difference was not statistically significant (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9-3.4). The risk among the GSTA1*B allele carriers was significantly increased by current-smoking status (adjusted OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1-12.7; vs. never-smoking non-carriers), whereas the smoking status was not an independent risk factor. The GSTP1 genotype alone or in combination with the smoking status did not affect the risk for diabetes. This is the first report to show that the GSTA1*B allele is a potential risk factor for smoking-related type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oniki
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mihara
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marubayashi
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C484555:GSTA1 protein, human; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase