title: Long-term prognosis of patients with peripheral arterial disease: a comparison in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the long-term outcomes of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with a risk factor matched population of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, but without PAD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The PAD is considered to be a risk factor for adverse late outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,730 PAD patients undergoing vascular surgery were categorized into groups: 1) carotid endarterectomy (n = 560); 2) elective abdominal aortic surgery (AAA) (n = 923); 3) acute AAA surgery (r-AAA) (n = 200), and 4) lower limb reconstruction procedures (n = 1,047). All patients were matched using the propensity score, with 2,730 CAD patients who underwent coronary angioplasty. Survival status of all patients was obtained. In addition, the cause of death and complications after surgery in PAD patients were noted. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival between the matched PAD and CAD population and the different operation groups. Prognostic risk factors and perioperative complications were identified with the Cox proportional hazards regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PAD patients had a worse long-term prognosis (hazard ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 2.18 to 2.65) and received less medication (beta-blockers, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, nitrates, and calcium antagonists) than CAD patients did (p < 0.001). Cerebro-cardiovascular complications were the major cause of long-term death (46%). Importantly, no significant difference in long-term survival was observed between the AAA and lower limb reconstruction groups (log rank p = 0.70). After vascular surgery, perioperative cardiac complications were associated with long-term cardiac death, and noncardiac complications were associated with all-cause death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term prognosis of vascular surgery patients is significantly worse than for patients with CAD. The vascular surgery patients receive less cardiac medication than CAD patients do, and cerebro-cardiovascular events are the major cause of late death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gijs M J M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Welten
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Sanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chonchol
authors.forename: Radosav
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vidakovic
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Marc R H M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Sambeek
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D019990:Perioperative Care; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome