title: Formation of osteoclast-like cells from peripheral blood of periodontitis patients occurs without supplementation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic periodontitis patients differ from PBMCs from matched control patients in their capacity to form osteoclast-like cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs from 10 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis and their matched controls were cultured on plastic or on bone slices without or with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL). The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRACP(+)) multinucleated cells (MNCs) and bone resorption were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TRACP(+) MNCs were formed under all culture conditions, in patient and control cultures. In periodontitis patients, the formation of TRACP(+) MNC was similar for all three culture conditions; thus supplementation of the cytokines was not needed to induce MNC formation. In control cultures, however, M-CSF or M-CSF/RANKL resulted in higher numbers compared with cultures without cytokines. Upregulations of osteoclast marker mRNA cathepsin K and carbonic anhydrase II confirmed the osteoclastic character. Bone resorption was only observed when PBMCs were cultured in the presence of M-CSF and RANKL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that PBMCs from periodontitis patients do not need priming by M-CSF to become osteoclast-like cells, suggesting that PBMCs from periodontitis patients are present in the circulation in a different state of activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stanley T S
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tjoa
authors.forename: Teun J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Ton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schoenmaker
authors.forename: Angele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelder
authors.forename: Bruno G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D053245:RANK Ligand; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase