title: Physiological importance of a circadian clock outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
abstract: Circadian clocks are widely distributed in mammalian tissues, but little is known about the physiological functions of clocks outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. The retina has an intrinsic circadian clock, but its importance for vision is unknown. Here, we show that mice lacking Bmal1, a gene required for clock function, had abnormal retinal transcriptional responses to light and defective inner retinal electrical responses to light, but normal photoreceptor responses to light and retinas that appeared structurally normal as observed by light and electron microscopy. We generated mice with a retina-specific genetic deletion of Bmal1, and they had defects of retinal visual physiology essentially identical to those of mice lacking Bmal1 in all tissues and lacked a circadian rhythm of inner retinal electrical responses to light. Our findings indicate that the intrinsic circadian clock of the retina regulates retinal visual processing in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: K-F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Signorovitch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raviola
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pawlyk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Weitz
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004596:Electroretinography; D015870:Gene Expression; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse