title: Evaluation of a novel access and closure device for NOTES applications: a transcolonic survival study in the porcine model (with video).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a novel, potentially less invasive alternative to laparoscopic surgery. However, the problems of transluminal access and closure represent significant obstacles to its successful introduction in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel device designed for transluminal access and closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental endoscopic study of transcolonic incision and closure with use of a prototype device in a survival porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four adult female Yorkshire pigs were used in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  While under general anesthesia, the animals were prepped with multiple tap water enemas followed by instillation of an antibiotic suspension and povidone-iodine lavage. At a distance of 15 to 20 cm from the anus, the prototype device deployed a circumscribing purse-string suture around the planned incision site and subsequently used a blade mechanism to create a 2.5-cm linear incision. The peritoneum was then accessed with a standard double-channel enodoscope. The transcolonic incision was then closed by cinching and securing the purse-string suture with a titanium knot by use of a separate hand-activated suture-locking device. All animals were allowed to eat immediately after recovering from general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were monitored daily for signs of peritonitis and sepsis and were electively killed on day 14. The peritoneal cavity was examined for peritonitis, and the colonic incision site was examined for wound dehiscence, pericolic abscess formation, and gross adhesions. Tissue samples from both incisional and random peritoneal sites were obtained for histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcolonic incision and closure were successful in all 4 animals. The device performed in a rapid and reproducible fashion. All animals recovered without septic complications. At necropsy, there was no evidence of peritonitis, abscesses, or wound dehiscence. Salpingocolonic and colovesicular adhesions were noted in 3 of 4 animals. Histologic examination revealed microabscesses at the incision site in all animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prototype incision and closure device represents a promising solution to the problems of transluminal access for NOTES. The presence of incision-related adhesions and microabscesses signal the need for further refinement in aseptic technique.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryou
authors.forename: Derek G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Reina D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Jude
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal / Q000592:standards*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine