title: The social determinants of being an Indigenous non-smoker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between various social factors and being a non-smoker in a national survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from the 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (n=9,400) using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About a half (51.2%) of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population aged 15 years and over smoked, 33.4% had never smoked, and 15.4% were ex-smokers. Higher socio-economic position (as measured by each of nine variables) was strongly associated with being a non-smoker rather than a smoker, after controlling for age and gender. There was a clear income gradient: increasing household income was associated with increasing likelihood of being a non-smoker. Indigenous people who had been arrested in the last five years were 4.5 times less likely to be non-smokers, adjusted for age and gender. Indigenous people who had been removed from their natural family were half as likely to be a non-smoker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different groups within the Indigenous population have quite different smoking behaviours, although the prevalence of smoking is very high in all groups. The poorest and most socially disadvantaged are the least likely to be non-smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Indigenous tobacco control programs need to consider additional targeting of more disadvantaged groups. Tobacco control programs should work with broader campaigns to ameliorate social disadvantage among Indigenous peoples.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory, and Centre for Health and Society, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. david.thomas@menzies.edu.au
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Viki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Ian P S
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044382:Population Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology