title: Diabetic retinopathy is associated with pulse wave velocity, not with the augmentation index of pulse waveform.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the clinical differences between pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 201 patients with type 2 diabetes. These subjects were measured for both augmentation index (AI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) by a pulse wave analyzer. The relationships between AI, baPWV, and diabetic retinopathy were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BaPWV was significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy than in individuals without the disease. (20.13 +/- 3.66 vs.17.14 +/- 3.60 m/s p < 0.001) AI was higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy, but not significantly. (19.5 +/- 15.2 vs. 14.8 +/- 20.5% p = 0.14) The association between baPWV and diabetic retinopathy remained statistically significant after adjustment. (Odds ratio: 1.21 Per m/s, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.37) On the other hand, the association between AI and diabetic retinopathy was not statistically significant. (Odds ratio: 1.01 Per %, 95% confidence interval: 0.98-1.03)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BaPWV is associated with diabetic retinopathy, but AI is not. The clinical significance appears to be different between PWV and AI in patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Midorigaoka Ekimae Clinic, 1-1-1, Midorigaoka, Yachiyo city, Chiba Pref,, 276-0049, Japan. GGD03273@nifty.com
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawasumi
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshii
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*