title: A role for sex chromosome complement in the female bias in autoimmune disease.
abstract: Most autoimmune diseases are more common in women than in men. This may be caused by differences in sex hormones, sex chromosomes, or both. In this study, we determined if there was a contribution of sex chromosomes to sex differences in susceptibility to two immunologically distinct disease models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and pristane-induced lupus. Transgenic SJL mice were created to permit a comparison between XX and XY within a common gonadal type. Mice of the XX sex chromosome complement, as compared with XY, demonstrated greater susceptibility to both EAE and lupus. This is the first evidence that the XX sex chromosome complement, as compared with XY, confers greater susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Smith-Bouvier
authors.forename: Anagha A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Divekar
authors.forename: Manda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasidhar
authors.forename: Sienmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Seema K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tiwari-Woodruff
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Arthur P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Ram Raj
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rhonda R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Voskuhl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002369:Castration; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009393:Nephritis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012730:Sex Chromosomes
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D003165:Complement System Proteins