title: Dietary nutrients and insulin resistance in urban Asian Indian adolescents and young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian Indians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance that may underlie their higher tendency to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and early-onset atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between dietary nutrients and insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary nutrient intake values (24-hour dietary recall and monthly consumption data) and fasting serum insulin levels were studied in 352 (311 males and 41 females) healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age 18.0 +/- 2.3 years; range 14-25 years). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with hyperinsulinemia as the outcome variable and various dietary nutrients and anthropometric variables as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fasting serum insulin levels were 107.4 +/- 35.0 pmol/l (36.5-230.4 pmol/l). The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was higher, saturated fat and the omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratio were in the upper limit, and omega-3 PUFAs (% caloric intake, En) were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for Asian Indians. The PUFAs (% En), BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference were significantly higher in the hyperinsulinemic group compared with the normoinsulinemic group (p = 0.021, 0.0021, 0.0006, and 0.0041, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the lowest tertile of omega-6 (< 3% En) PUFA intake [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.3 (0.1-0.7)] and BMI [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.9 (1.4-6.0)] were the significant independent predictors of fasting hyperinsulinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For prevention and amelioration of insulin resistance in Asian Indian adolescents and young adults, it is prudent to have normal BMI and low intake of omega-6 PUFAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isharwal
authors.forename: Shipra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Anoop
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Jasjeet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wasir
authors.forename: Ravindra M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Naval K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Vikram
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luthra
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000009:adverse effects; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated