title: Characterization of a prospective human model for study of the reproductive hormone responses to major illness.
abstract: With critical illness, serum testosterone levels fall markedly, whereas estrogen levels rise. Although animal studies suggest adaptive advantages, no prospective model has been available for studies in humans. We hypothesized that coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery would provide such a model by eliciting the same reproductive hormone and other endocrine responses as reported with major nonsurgical illnesses. We further hypothesized that those responses would occur consistently in all CABG patients with predictable time courses, providing reliable windows for prospective studies. In 17 men undergoing CABG, serum levels of reproductive hormones, cortisol, thyroid hormones, and IGF-I were measured before and for up to 5 wk after surgery. Changes in serum levels of reproductive and other hormones were similar to those reported in nonsurgical critically ill patients. Time course for onset, duration, and recovery of reproductive hormone changes were consistent among all patients. A window for studying the testosterone and estrogen responses was established as the first 5 days following CABG. Practical use of this model was demonstrated by evaluating, in another seven men, changes in gonadotroph responsiveness to GnRH following CABG. Finally, to determine whether our findings in CABG could be extended to other surgeries, we demonstrated similar endocrine responses in 12 men following abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. We conclude that patients undergoing CABG surgery provide a useful human model for the prospective evaluation of the reproductive axis responses to acute illness. Other major surgeries are likely to also be suitable for these studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maine Medical Center, 22 Bramhall St., Portland, ME 04102, USA. spratd@mmc.org
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Spratt
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: F Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longcope
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016638:Critical Illness; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone