title: Peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the management of osteoporosis: the 2007 ISCD Official Positions.
abstract: Peripheral assessment of bone density using photon absorptiometry techniques has been available for over 40 yr. The initial use of radio-isotopes as the photon source has been replaced by the use of X-ray technology. A wide variety of models of single- or dual-energy X-ray measurement tools have been made available for purchase, although not all are still commercially available. The Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) have been developed following a systematic review of the literature by an ISCD task force and a subsequent Position Development Conference. These cover the technological diversity among peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (pDXA) devices; define whether pDXA can be used for fracture risk assessment and/or to diagnose osteoporosis; examine whether pDXA can be used to initiate treatment and/or monitor treatment; provide recommendations for pDXA reporting; and review quality assurance and quality control necessary for effective use of pDXA.
authors.affiliation: Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. didier.hans@ascendys.ch <didier.hans@ascendys.ch>
authors.forename: Didier B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Elliott N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Glen M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Fordham
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuerst
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hadji
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itabashi
authors.forename: Marc-Antoine
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: E Michael
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lewiecki
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D015519:Bone Density; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012955:Societies, Medical