title: Aging in the craniofacial complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the dental arch changes occurring after adolescence through the sixth decade of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal dental casts from 40 patients (20 male and 20 female) were digitized and analyzed. Measurements were recorded after the presumed cessation of circumpubertal growth (T1), at approximately 47 years of age (T2), and at least one decade later (T3) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the measurements were found to have a significant time effect, demonstrating at least some level of change throughout the aging process (T1-T3). Exceptions to this observation were the posterior maxillary arch width measurements, mandibular intermolar and interpremolar (as measured at the second premolars) widths, the maxillary incisor irregularity index, overjet, overbite, and curve of Spee. The T1-T3 changes reflected for the most part the T1- T2 changes, while the T2-T3 changes affected overall modifications only for the mandibular intercanine width and maxillary depth, as measured at the second premolars. All changes reflected a decrease in arch width, depth, and perimeter, with a significant increase in the mandibular incisor irregularity index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dental arches continue to change and adapt throughout life and into the sixth decade, though the degree of change decreases with time.
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors