title: Chlamydophila pneumoniae changes iron homeostasis in infected tissues.
abstract: Many bacteria, including Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae), are dependent on iron (Fe) for their growth. However, it is not known whether bacterial infections affect gastrointestinal uptake and uptake of trace elements in infected tissues. A human C. pneumoniae strain adapted to C57BL/6J mice was used to study hepcidin gene expression in the liver and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) content in the liver and intestine and whether Fe is concomitantly changed in serum, liver, and intestine. The copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio in the serum was used as a marker for infection. Bacterial DNA, mRNA, and hepcidin were measured by real-time PCR, DMT1 by Western blot, and trace elements by ICP-MS on days 2, 5, and 8 of the infection. C. pneumoniae DNA was found in the liver on all days but the number of viable bacteria peaked on day 8. Hepcidin expression increased on days 2 and 5, whereas DMT1 content in the liver increased on day 8. Fe decreased in serum, increased in the liver but was not changed in the intestine during the disease. In the serum, the Cu/Zn ratio peaked on day 5. The peak of viable bacteria in the liver was associated with increased DMT1 and Fe contents and increased hepcidin expression, but this did not affect intestinal Fe uptake. Thus, growth of C. pneumoniae in tissues parallels a redistribution of Fe to those tissues resulting in a changed body homeostasis of Fe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden. marie.edvinsson@medsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edvinsson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frisk
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tallkvist
authors.forename: Nils-Gunnar
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ilbäck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D064451:Hepcidins; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D064451:Hepcidins; D007501:Iron; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2; C578702:HAMP protein, human; C579599:Hamp protein, mouse