title: Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia.
abstract: A small focus of hemorrhagic fever (HF) cases occurred near Cochabamba, Bolivia, in December 2003 and January 2004. Specimens were available from only one fatal case, which had a clinical course that included fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, and vomiting with subsequent deterioration and multiple hemorrhagic signs. A non-cytopathic virus was isolated from two of the patient serum samples, and identified as an arenavirus by IFA staining with a rabbit polyvalent antiserum raised against South American arenaviruses known to be associated with HF (Guanarito, Machupo, and Sabiá). RT-PCR analysis and subsequent analysis of the complete virus S and L RNA segment sequences identified the virus as a member of the New World Clade B arenaviruses, which includes all the pathogenic South American arenaviruses. The virus was shown to be most closely related to Sabiá virus, but with 26% and 30% nucleotide difference in the S and L segments, and 26%, 28%, 15% and 22% amino acid differences for the L, Z, N, and GP proteins, respectively, indicating the virus represents a newly discovered arenavirus, for which we propose the name Chapare virus. In conclusion, two different arenaviruses, Machupo and Chapare, can be associated with severe HF cases in Bolivia.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud de Eterazama, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Bobbie R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Efrain
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: César G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Albariño
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Comer
authors.forename: Pierre E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Stuart T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nichol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006477:Arenaviruses, New World / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001838:Bolivia; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006478:Hemorrhagic Fever, American / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000175:diagnosis; D014764:Viral Proteins; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins