[Radiosurgery for drug-resistant epilepsies: state of the art, results and perspectives].
BACKGROUND
There is growing interest in the use of radiosurgery in epilepsy. We analyzed our experience in this field in an attempt to define the potential of radiosurgery in epileptology.


METHODS
[corrected] Our local clinical experience (134 patients), accumulated over the last 15 years, mainly includes treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy without space-occupying lesions (59 patients), including 53 with pure MTLE, 61 cases of hypothalamic hamartoma, two cases of callosotomy, and 12 other types of epilepsy.


RESULTS
The analysis of our material, as well as other clinical and experimental data, suggest that the use of radiosurgery is beneficial only to patients in whom a strict preoperative definition of the extent of the epileptogenic zone (or network) has been achieved and strict rules of dose planning have been applied. As soon as these principles are not observed, the risk of treatment failure and/or side effects increases dramatically. Long-term outcome data are now available and published for MTLE but not yet for other types of epilepsy. Long-term safety and efficacy in MTLE are comparable to surgical resection but radiosurgery has the advantage of sparing verbal memory in patients operated by Gamma Knife (GK) on the dominant side. In small hamartomas, the efficacy is comparable to microsurgery but with a dramatic reduction in risk.


CONCLUSIONS
The vast amount of clinical materiel and long-term evaluation now support the use of GK surgery in small hypothalamic hamartomas and MTLE when the patient is at risk of verbal memory loss.
Régis
J
J
Service de neurochirurgie fonctionnelle et stéréotaxique, hôpital de La Timone, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France. j.regis@ap-hm.fr
Arkha
Y
Y
Yomo
S
S
Bartolomei
F
F
Peragut
J-C
JC
Chauvel
P
P
D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000601:surgery; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000639:trends; D012306:Risk; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome