title: In vivo evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-lipidimic potential of Annona squamosa aqueous extract in Type 2 diabetic models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes is known to involve oxidative stress and changes in lipid metabolism. Many secondary plant metabolites have been shown to possess antioxidant activities, improving the effects of oxidative stress due to diabetes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of water extract of Annona squamosa leaves on antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile of animal models of type 2, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The plant material was extracted with boiling water for 2 h. Albino Wistar rats (n=24) were divided into four groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Animals of treated groups were given the dose of 350 mg/kg of the extract. The excised rat tissues were rinsed in ice-cold saline, blotted dry and weighed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results clearly suggest that the water extract of Annona squamosa leaves possessed antioxidant activity as shown by increased activities of scavenging enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and decrease in malondialdehyde levels present in various tissues. Administration of the extract also improved the lipid profile of the treated groups indicating thereby that the high levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol associated with diabetes can also be significantly managed with the extract.
authors.affiliation: Dr BR Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. mayraj1@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Rajesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Achyut Narayan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kesari
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diwakar
authors.forename: Ameetabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Vibha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031041:Annona / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione