title: Culture-specific programs for children and adults from minority groups who have asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with asthma who come from minority groups have poorer asthma outcomes and more asthma related visits to Emergency Departments (ED). Various programmes are used to educate and empower people with asthma and these have previously been shown to improve certain asthma outcomes. Models of care for chronic diseases in minority groups usually include a focus of the cultural context of the individual and not just the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, questions about whether culturally specific asthma education programmes for people from minority groups are effective at improving asthma outcomes, are feasible and are cost-effective need to be answered.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether culture-specific asthma programmes, in comparison to generic asthma education programmes or usual care, improve asthma related outcomes in children and adults with asthma who belong to minority groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cochrane Airways Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, review articles and reference lists of relevant articles. The latest search was performed in March 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the use of culture-specific asthma education programmes with generic asthma education programmes, or usual care, in adults or children from minority groups who suffer from asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two review authors independently selected, extracted and assessed the data for inclusion. We contacted authors for further information if required.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. A total of 396 patients, aged from 7 to 59 years were included in the meta-analysis of data. Use of a culture-specific programme was superior to generic programmes or usual care, in improving asthma quality of life scores in adults, pooled WMD 0.25 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.41) and asthma knowledge scores in children, WMD 3.30 (95% CI 1.07 to 5.53). There was no significant difference between groups in occurrence of asthma exacerbations, but the width of the confidence interval means that effects on exacerbation rates cannot be ruled out, rate ratio 0.93 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture-specific programmes for adults and children from minority groups with asthma, have been found to be more effective than generic programmes in improving some (Quality of Life and asthma knowledge) but not all asthma outcomes. This evidence is limited by the small number of included studies and the lack of reported outcomes. Further trials are required to answer this question conclusively.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Child Health Division, Darwin, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. emily_bailey@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kruske
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic