title: Autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndromes: an evaluation of treatment response, long-term outcome and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary sclerosing cholangitis/autoimmune hepatitis (PSC/AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis/AIH (PBC/AIH) overlap syndromes are poorly defined variants of AIH. Few large patient series exist, and there are little data on long-term outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare presentation, clinical course and outcome of patients with PSC/AIH and PBC/AIH, with patients with definite AIH. Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight AIH patients were compared with 10 PBC/AIH patients and 16 PSC/AIH patients presenting consecutively between 1971 and 2005 at a single centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Autoimmune hepatitis patients were significantly more likely to present with jaundice (69.4% vs. 25%; P = 0.0145) than PBC/AIH patients. Median serum aspartate aminotransferase activity at presentation was higher in AIH patients compared with PBC/AIH and PSC/AIH patients respectively (620 vs. 94 vs. 224 IU/L; P < 0.05). PBC/AIH patients demonstrated no response to standard AIH therapy more frequently than AIH patients (25% vs. 0.8%; P = 0.0057). Significant reduction in survival was identified between patients with PSC/AIH and those without (hazard ratio: PSC/AIH vs. AIH = 2.08, PSC/AIH vs. PBC/AIH = 2.14; P = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PSC/AIH have severe disease and significantly worse prognosis than patients with AIH or PBC/AIH. Recognition and close follow-up of this cohort are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al-Chalabi
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Portmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Heneghan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid