Possibilities and potential roles of estrogen in the pathogenesis of proliferation hemangiomas formation.
Hemangiomas, often categorized as angiogenic diseases, are the most common tumors of infancy, the life span of which is generally divided into proliferating phase, involuting phase, and involuted phase. Despite their high prevalence, the mechanism leading to proliferation hemangiomas formation is poorly understood and the best approach to their management remains controversial. None of the current therapeutic modalities is ideal, partly because the pathogenesis of hemangioma and the mechanism of its proliferation are far from clear. Many clues reveal that estrogen has an important role in developing the vascular system, experimental and clinical evidences accumulated in recent years also suggest the potential for estrogen to influence neovascularization. Based on those, we hypothesize that estrogen play a potential role in the development of hemangiomas, mainly by regulating some key angiogenic factors, including MMP-9, EPCs, VEGF, NO, etc. Accepting the hypothesis to be correct, a therapy that identify estrogen as a potential target for the design of new, more specific treatments can be used to prevent the proliferation hemangiomas formation. The hypothesis may lead a new direction in the study of mechanisms for proliferation hemangiomas formation, and further study of the precise mechanisms for estrogen-induced hemangiomas will produce effective antiestrogens and estrogen receptor antagonists as new medication for the very difficult problem.
Sun
Zhi-Yong
ZY
Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Yang
Li
L
Yi
Cheng-Gang
CG
Zhao
Huan
H
Han
Da-Li
DL
Yang
Tao
T
Wang
Lu
L
Nie
Chun-Lei
CL
Zhang
Guo-You
GY
Yin
Guo-Qian
GQ
Wang
Gang
G
Teng
Xiao-Pin
XP
Fei
Dong-Mei
DM
Wang
Jin
J
Zhou
Wen-Kai
WK
Li
Yang
Y
Liu
Bin
B
Liu
Yin
Y
Zhang
Man-Jing
MJ
Wu
Shang-Min
SM
Zhang
Xi
X
Pan
Hua
H
Xiao
Bo
B
Zhao
Ke-Feng
KF
Liu
Dan
D
Guo
Shu-Zhong
SZ
D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism
D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9