title: Mining small RNA structure elements in untranslated regions of human and mouse mRNAs using structure-based alignment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  UnTranslated Regions (UTRs) of mRNAs contain regulatory elements for various aspects of mRNA metabolism, such as mRNA localization, translation, and mRNA stability. Several RNA stem-loop structures in UTRs have been experimentally identified, including the histone 3' UTR stem-loop structure (HSL3) and iron response element (IRE). These stem-loop structures are conserved among mammalian orthologs, and exist in a group of genes encoding proteins involved in the same biological pathways. It is not known to what extent RNA structures like these exist in all mammalian UTRs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this paper we took a systematic approach, named GLEAN-UTR, to identify small stem-loop RNA structure elements in UTRs that are conserved between human and mouse orthologs and exist in multiple genes with common Gene Ontology terms. This approach resulted in 90 distinct RNA structure groups containing 748 structures, with HSL3 and IRE among the top hits based on conservation of structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our result indicates that there may exist many conserved stem-loop structures in mammalian UTRs that are involved in coordinate post-transcriptional regulation of biological pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. mk94@njit.edu
authors.forename: Mugdha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaladkar
authors.forename: Jianghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongrong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Jason T L
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012985:Software Design; D013045:Species Specificity; D020506:Untranslated Regions
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020506:Untranslated Regions