title: Psychological, social and biological determinants of ill health (pSoBid): study protocol of a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disadvantaged communities suffer higher levels of physical and mental ill health than more advantaged communities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychosocial, behavioural and biological determinants of ill health within population groups in Glasgow that differed in socioeconomic status and in their propensity to develop chronic disease especially coronary heart disease and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were selected at random from areas known to be at the extremes of the socioeconomic continuum in Glasgow. Within the categories of least deprived and most deprived, recruitment was stratified by sex and age to achieve an overall sample containing approximately equal numbers of males and females and an even distribution across the age categories 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 years. Individuals were invited by letter to attend for assessment of their medical history, risk factor status, cognitive function and psychological profile, morbidity, and carotid intima-media thickness and plaque count as indices of atherosclerosis. Anonymised data on study subjects were collected from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland to analyse characteristics of participants and non-participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  700 subjects were recruited. The response (active participants per 100 invitation letters) in the least deprived group was 35.1% and in the most deprived group was 20.3%. Lowest response was seen in young males (least deprived 22.4% and most deprived 14.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This cross-sectional study recruited the planned sample of subjects from least deprived and most deprived areas within Glasgow. As evident in other studies response differed between the most and least deprived areas. This study brought together researchers/academics from diverse disciplines to build a more sophisticated understanding of the determinants of health inequalities than can be achieved through unidisciplinary approaches. Future analyses will enable an understanding of the relationships between the different types of measure, and of the pathways that link poverty, biology, behaviour and psychology and lead to health inequalities.
authors.affiliation: Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Level 6, 39 St Vincent Place, Glasgow, G1 2ER, UK. Yoga.Velupillai@drs.glasgow.gov.uk
authors.forename: Yoga N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Velupillai
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Packard
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bezlyak
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deans
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGinty
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tannahill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*