title: The chemical genomic portrait of yeast: uncovering a phenotype for all genes.
abstract: Genetics aims to understand the relation between genotype and phenotype. However, because complete deletion of most yeast genes ( approximately 80%) has no obvious phenotypic consequence in rich medium, it is difficult to study their functions. To uncover phenotypes for this nonessential fraction of the genome, we performed 1144 chemical genomic assays on the yeast whole-genome heterozygous and homozygous deletion collections and quantified the growth fitness of each deletion strain in the presence of chemical or environmental stress conditions. We found that 97% of gene deletions exhibited a measurable growth phenotype, suggesting that nearly all genes are essential for optimal growth in at least one condition.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hillenmeyer
authors.forename: Eula
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wildenhain
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoon
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: St Onge
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyers
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Russ B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nislow
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giaever
mesh_terms: D003470:Culture Media; D026141:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020043:Genes, Essential; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D019450:Genes, MDR; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D005810:Multigene Family; D010641:Phenotype; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries