title: Lifetime anorexia nervosa in young men in the community: five cases and their co-twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe patterns, comorbidity, and outcomes from a case series of anorexia nervosa (AN) among young men from the general population and their co-twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men (N = 2,122) born between 1975 and 1979 from Finnish twin cohorts were screened for lifetime eating disorders by questionnaire. The administration of the short version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for screen positives led to a lifetime AN diagnosis in five participants, described here with their co-twins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In males, overweight commonly predated AN, and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, particularly of muscle dysmorphia, were common among the anorexia-discordant co-twins. Affective and anxiety disorders were present in both the probands and their co-twins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a strong familial clustering of AN, affective and anxiety disorders, and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia among men in the general population. In men, muscle dysmorphia may represent an alternative phenotype of AN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anu.raevuori@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raevuori
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keski-Rahkonen
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sihvola
authors.forename: Aila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology