title: Surgical treatment of a rare primary renal carcinoid tumor with liver metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoid tumors are characteristically low grade malignant neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation that arise in various body sites, most commonly the lung and gastrointestinal tract, but less frequently the kidneys, breasts, ovaries, testes, prostate and other locations. We report a case of a carcinoid of renal origin with synchronous single liver metastases on radiological studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 45 year-old patient who presented with abdominal pain was found on CT scan to have lesions in the right ovary, right kidney, and left hepatic lobe. CA-125, CEA, and CA 19-9 were within normal limits, as were preoperative liver function tests and renal function. Biopsy of the liver mass demonstrated metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. At laparotomy, the patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, radical right nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy, and left hepatectomy. Pathology evaluation reported a right ovarian borderline serous tumor, well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the kidney (carcinoid) with 2 positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and a single liver metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that this lesion was positive for synaptophysin and CD56, but negative for chromogranin as well as CD10, CD7, and CD20, consistent with a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. She is doing well one year after her initial surgery, with no evidence of tumor recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early surgical intervention, together with careful surveillance and follow-up, can achieve successful long-term outcomes in patients with this rare malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. rgeda2@uky.edu
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gedaly
authors.forename: Hoonbae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Patrick P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.forename: Randall G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ranjan
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed