title: Chronic kidney disease in Japan.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as either kidney damage with urine, imaging, and histologic abnormalities, or a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for more than 3 months. The GFR is calculated using either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation or the Cockcroft-Gault formula. CKD is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease. In Japan, the prevalence of ESRD is increasing and is currently more than 2,000 per million population. More than 40% of incident ESRD is due to diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of a low GFR (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) is estimated to be 20% of the adult population. Studies based on several community-based screening programs suggest that Japan has a higher prevalence of CKD than any other country. Early detection and treatment of CKD are necessary to decrease the incidence of ESRD and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of The Ryukyus, Okinawa. chihokun@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors