title: Ectopic tubal pregnancy after hysterectomy and tubal ligation.
abstract: Posthysterectomy ectopic pregnancy is an unusual condition that may present soon after hysterectomy or several years later. Similarly, although tubal ligation is a widespread method of contraception, tubal pregnancy after tubal ligation is not common either. If any of these conditions are rare, having an ectopic pregnancy after hysterectomy and tubal ligation is even more infrequent and only one of such cases was found in our review of the literature. We describe the case of a 35-year-old patient, with history of bilateral tubal ligation and vaginal hysterectomy that looked for medical attention due to abdominal pain. A pregnancy test was positive and a transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated the presence of a gestational sac at the vaginal cuff, adjacent to the ovary. An exploratory laparotomy showed a ruptured ectopic pregnancy located in the distal portion of the left fallopian tube. The occurrence of an ectopic pregnancy several years following tubal ligation and vaginal hysterectomy is a rare phenomenon that appears to be secondary to a fistulous connection into the peritoneal cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida HSC/Jacksonville, 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA. marilin.rosa@jax.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Marilin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monteiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007045:Hysterectomy, Vaginal; D011247:Pregnancy; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal