title: Verapamil induces calcium influx in the trachea.
abstract: Verapamil, a Ca(2+) entry blocker, can induce bronchorelaxation and bronchoconstriction. The mechanism of verapamil-induced bronchoconstriction is poorly understood. The present study determines the direct effect of verapamil on smooth muscle of isolated ovine airways and analyzes the mechanisms involved. Isolated tracheal strips were suspended in organ baths containing Krebs solution for isometric tension recording. Tissue responses to verapamil as assessed by basal tone were examined in the presence or absence of epithelium. The effects of verapamil on carbachol and cooling-induced contraction were also recorded. Measurement of unidirectional fluxes was carried out using (45)Ca(2+) in the absence or presence of verapamil. Verapamil induced contractions of basal tracheal smooth muscle that were proportional to its concentrations. Removal of epithelium did not affect the verapamil contractile effect. Verapamil-induced contractions were abolished in Ca(2+)-free Krebs solution containing 2 mM EGTA. Verapamil increased the (45)Ca(2+) influx into the tracheal smooth muscle. It caused relaxation of the muscle tone induced by carbachol or KCl, but it potentiated the effect of cooling-induced contraction. Verapamil induced Ca(2+) influx that may lead to bronchoconstriction. These results proved that verapamil may worsen bronchoconstriction; therefore verapamil should be used with caution in asthmatic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education & Training, Safat, Kuwait. seham@hsc.edu.kw
authors.forename: Seham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Abdulkareem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulraheem
authors.forename: Abdulhakeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsughayer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D013696:Temperature; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol; D014700:Verapamil; D002118:Calcium