title: Diphtheria: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of diphtheria in an elderly patient, with a fatal outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and a review of the literature concerning the current recommended guidelines on detection of, and response to, diphtheria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although still rare, cases of diphtheria are being reported with increasing frequency in the UK, possibly as a result of immigration and travel. A high index of suspicion, rapid detection of carriers, and instigation of treatment and vaccination are the mainstays of management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diphtheria can mimic other forms of acute upper airway obstruction and can lead to a fatal outcome. Otorhinolaryngological surgeons need to consider this re-emergent disease as a potential diagnosis in patients with an unusual presentation of airway obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, UK. imankhodaei@tiscali.co.uk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khodaei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dingle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000382:microbiology; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D004166:Diphtheria Antitoxin; D007155:Immunologic Factors