title: False positive rate of thoracic outlet syndrome diagnostic maneuvers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aim to determine the false-positive rate & specificity in normal subjects and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients of five provocative maneuvers used to diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated subjects with clinical and electrophysiological evidence of CTS as well as normal subjects. All subjects underwent provocative testing by a blinded physician, which included the Adson A & B tests, Costoclavicular maneuver (CCM), Elevated arm stress test (Roos), and Supraclavicular pressure (SCP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CTS group, false positive tests were observed in 42% in the Adson A test, 45% in the Adson B test, 48% in the CCM, 77% in the Roos test, and 61% in the SCP 94% of the CTS patients had at least 1 positive TOS diagnostic maneuver. In the normal group, false positive tests were observed in 9% in the Adson A test, 20% in the Adson B test, 16% in the CCM, 47% in the Roos test, and 30% in the SCP 56% of the normal patients had at least 1 positive TOS diagnostic maneuver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that current provocative maneuvers used to diagnose TOS result in a high false-positive rate in normal subjects and an even higher false-positive rate in CTS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Penn State Collage of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Nord
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kothari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D002967:Claviceps; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological / Q000592:standards*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000175:diagnosis; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012272:Ribs; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*