title: [Endoscopic ultrasound in the preoperative staging of gastric cancer: correlation with the surgical and/or pathological findings].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric adenocarcinoma is the major cause of death by cancer in Brazil. For the planning of the treatment and evaluation of the prognosis, the preoperative staging according to the TNM classification is very important.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of endoscopic ultrasound for the T and N categories.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 30 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in the period of 1 year. We used a Olympus GIF UM-20. After positioning in the third portion of the duodenum, we started to evaluate the lymph node stations 16, 13, 12, 6, 5, 4, 3, 8, 7, 9, 10, 11, 1 and 2, using the frequency of 7.5 MHz. The depth of the tumor in the gastric wall was evaluated with the frequencies of 7.5 and 12 MHz. The results T and N were compared with the conclusive findings. In the unresectable cases, the correlation was made by the macroscopic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed 16 total gastrectomies, 7 subtotal gastrectomies, 5 exploratory laparotomies and 2 laparoscopies. For T category, endoscopic ultrasound results were correct in 25/30 cases (83.3%). All the other 16.7% were overestimated. The accuracy varied from 90% to 96.7% according to the subcategories T1 to T4. For the N category, endoscopic ultrasound results were correct in 23/30 cases (76.7%). Sixteen point six percent were underestimated and 6.7% overestimated. The accuracy varied from 76.7% to 90%, in agreement with the subcategories N1 to N3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a clear correlation between endoscopic ultrasound and the surgical and pathological findings in the evaluation of T and N categories in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Malheiros
authors.forename: José Celso
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ardengh
authors.forename: Giulio Cesare
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Rita de Cássia Barradas
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahal
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery