title: Quality of life in stroke survivors after local intra-arterial thrombolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to assess quality of life (QOL) and its predictors in stroke survivors after local intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) as well as to measure QOL according to the site of pretreatment vessel occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2000 to April 2004, 175 consecutive patients underwent IAT for acute ischemic stroke. Clinical and radiological data were collected prospectively. We contacted 135 stroke survivors after a mean of 923 (+/-431) days, 132 responded. QOL, assessed with EuroQol (EQ-5D), and functional abilities, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and the Barthel Index, were compared, and predictors of QOL were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured with EQ-5D, 56% of the patients reported a good QOL (EQ-5D Index >or=70). Low mRS and high Barthel Index scores at follow-up were associated with better overall QOL (Kendall's tau >0.5). Nevertheless, 25% of the functionally independent patients (mRS 0-2) indicated a markedly impaired QOL (EQ-5D Index <70) and 10% of disabled patients indicated good QOL. QOL was significantly lower in patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery compared to patients with occlusion of the basilar artery or the M1, M2 or M3/4 segment of the middle cerebral artery (EQ-5D Index: p = 0.005). A high National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score on admission and occlusion of the internal carotid artery were independent predictors of impaired QOL (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of the stroke survivors treated with IAT reported a good QOL, mostly survivors with mild disabilities. QOL assessment gives information that is not provided by traditional outcome scores. Our results support guidelines to measure QOL in stroke research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anca
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Krassen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nedeltchev
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappeler
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballinari
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schroth
authors.forename: Heinrich P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Mattle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D011859:Radiography; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate; D017741:Survivors; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator