title: Metabolic and functional effects of glutamate intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often suffer from skeletal muscle weakness due to muscle wasting and altered muscle metabolism. Decreased muscle glutamate concentration in COPD is consistently reported and is associated with decreased muscle glutathione concentration and early lactic acidosis. We hypothesized that an increased availability of glutamate via glutamate ingestion increases muscle glutamate concentration leading to acute improvements in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, in two groups of 6 male COPD patients (FEV(1): 44.8+/-3.4%pred) and 6 healthy controls, blood samples and muscle biopsies were taken at 0 and 80 min after repeated glutamate (30 mg/kg BW) or control ingestion (1.25 ml/kg BW), and after 20 min cycling at 50% peak workload. In experiment 2, in 10 COPD patients (FEV(1): 36.1+/-2.5%pred), the effect of the two drinks was tested on cycle endurance time and contractile quadriceps fatigue measured by magnetic stimulation before and after cycling at 75% peak workload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamate ingestion increased plasma (p<0.01) but not muscle glutamate concentration. Muscle total and reduced glutathione and plasma lactate concentration were not affected by glutamate ingestion. Glutamate ingestion did not influence contractile muscle fatigue and endurance time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous oral glutamate ingestion for 80 min did not lead to an acute effect on skeletal muscle substrate metabolism and muscle performance in COPD patients and in age-matched healthy controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands. ericarutten@proteion.nl
authors.forename: Erica P A
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: Marielle P K J
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Engelen
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gosker
authors.forename: Aalt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bast
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cosemans
authors.forename: Yvonne L J
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Vissers
authors.forename: Emiel F M
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Nicolaas E P
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Deutz
authors.forename: Annemie M W J
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schols
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005080:Exercise Test; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000517:prevention & control; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010807:Physical Endurance; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid