title: Surveillance of vaccine breakthrough cases following MeNZB vaccination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe and investigate epidemic strain serogroup B meningococcal disease in recipients of the meningococcal vaccine, MeNZB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemic strain meningococcal disease cases in vaccine recipients were identified by matching disease notification and laboratory data against the National Immunisation Register. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for disease cases aged under 20 years and vaccine breakthrough cases (epidemic strain meningococcal disease cases with onset 28 or more days after receipt of the third MeNZB dose). Questionnaires were sent to hospital clinicians requesting medical histories and laboratory test results for vaccine breakthrough cases. A committee reviewed this information to assess immune competence in these cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the start of the meningococcal B immunisation programme in July 2004 to the end of 2006, 34 vaccine breakthrough cases were identified. No underlying host factors were identified that explained disease occurrence for the 30 cases (88.2%) for whom questionnaires were completed. For 12 (35.3%) cases all requested laboratory tests to assess immune competence were performed and these subjects were judged to be immune competent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While epidemic strain meningococcal disease incidence has fallen dramatically with the introduction of the vaccine, these early results confirm the expectation that vaccine breakthrough cases will occur in immune competent individuals given the anticipated vaccine effectiveness of approximately 75%.
authors.affiliation: Meningococcal Vaccine Strategy, Ministry of Health, PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand. anne_mcnicholas@moh.govt.nz
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McNicholas
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Hallahan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005006:Ethnicity; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012042:Registries
chemical_list: D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines