Increasing carbohydrate diversity via amine oxidation: aminosugar, hydroxyaminosugar, nitrososugar, and nitrosugar biosynthesis in bacteria.
Bacterial secondary metabolites often contain carbohydrate attachments that play a significant role in conferring biological activity. A small proportion of these bioactive sugars are derived from aminosugar oxidation to ultimately provide hydroxyaminosugars, nitrososugars, and nitrosugars. Recent advances in the elucidation of hydroxyaminosugar-, nitrososugar-, and nitrosugar-containing natural product gene clusters have enabled the proposal of biosynthetic pathways, the in vitro characterization of aminosugar oxidases, and the structure determination of key enzymes. This article focuses upon the key enzymatic transformations in aminosugar, hydroxyaminosugar, nitrososugar, and nitrosugar biosynthesis, as well as the unique chemical reactivity of alkoxyaminosugars, with a particular focus upon developments within the past two years.
Timmons
Shannon C
SC
Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, University of Wisconsin National Cooperative Drug Discovery Group Program, Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Thorson
Jon S
JS
D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D000588:Amines; D001688:Biological Products; D002241:Carbohydrates; D016695:Glycosyltransferases