title: Seasonal activity budget of adult baltic ringed seals.
abstract: Although ringed seals are important components in oceanic and fresh water ecosystems at high latitudes, little is known about how they exploit these harsh environments. Seasonal activity and diving behaviour of 19 adult Baltic ringed seals were studied by satellite telemetry. We elaborated an activity budget for ten months of the year, extending over the period from moult to the breeding season. Seals from three main regions showed explicit site fidelity and the distributions of animals tagged from different areas did not overlap, suggesting separate stocks. Both the mean duration and the mean depth of dives peaked in June and July. Seals spent 70% (females) to 85% (males) of their time diving in June and July which decreased to 50% in late autumn. Less than one percent of dives exceeded 10 min in females, while 10% of male dives lasted longer than 10 min in June to September. Less than one percent of dives lasted for more than 25 min. Both females and males were most active during day time and hauled out predominantly during the night. Activity patterns during the summer are suggested to be correlated to energy accumulation and prey availability. The information on seasonal activity budget is crucial for developing population energetic models where interactions between ringed seals and other trophic levels can be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. tero.harkonen@nrm.se
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harkonen
authors.forename: Mart
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jüssi
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jüssi
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verevkin
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dmitrieva
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Helle
authors.forename: Roustam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sagitov
authors.forename: Karin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004957:Estonia; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D046049:Phoca / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D013550:Swimming; D013686:Telemetry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors