title: A new algorithm for concealed accessory pathway localization using T-wave-subtracted retrograde P-wave polarity during orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  AP localization can be predicted by analyzing the polarity of the delta wave, QRS polarity, and R/S ratio in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. However, the estimation of AP location is limited in patients with concealed pathways during atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias (AVRT). Thus, we analyzed retrograde P-wave polarity during orthodromic AVRT and developed an algorithm to predict the localization of concealed accessory pathways (AP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total number of 131 patients with a single AP and inducible orthodromic AVRT were included. The initial 61 patients were analyzed retrospectively for algorithm development, whereas 70 patients were evaluated prospectively. The retrograde P-wave polarity was analyzed by subtracting the superimposing T-wave during orthodromic AVRT using custom-designed software. Four leads of the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) were identified to accurately distinguish AP locations assigned to four different regions around each AV annulus: I, aVR, aVL, and V(1). Lead V(1) was used to differentiate right (negative or isoelectric) from left (solely positive) APs. Retrograde P-wave in lead I was negative in left posterior APs exclusively and became more positive with an AP location shifting towards right anterior. P-wave polarity in lead aVR demonstrated a shift from a positive polarity from left APs to isoelectric in right APs. The opposite direction (shift from positive to isoelectric) was observed for lead aVL. The subsequently developed algorithm for concealed AP localization using these surface ECG leads demonstrated a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value particularly for common AP localizations (left posterior and inferior, and right septal) when applied in a prospective fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concealed AP localization can be accurately predicted by the analysis of retrograde P-wave polarity during orthodromic AVRT using the algorithm derived from the presented study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. rostock@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rostock
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sydow
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steven
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lutomsky
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Servatius
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drewitz
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falke
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müllerleile
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meinertz
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004562:Electrocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000503:physiopathology*