title: [Spinal neurostimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: changes in indications and patient selection after 19 years' experience.].
abstract: After the initial clinical reports of Shealy 1967 dorsal column stimulation (DCS) was first introduced in Germany by Krainick (Freiburg) and Winkelmüller (Hannover) in 1972. At first, the success rate in unselected patients was unsatisfactory. The results improved with careful patient selection and better technical equipment allowing preliminary testing procedures before definitive implantation. The authors' own results in 335 patients treated by intermittent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with implanted devices between 1972 and 1989 show that long-term beneficial effects can be obtained in pain of neurogenic origin rather than in nociceptor pain. Guidelines for the use of SCS were proposed by the German Society of Neurosurgery in 1990. The best indications and target group are cases with radicular low-back pain after failed back surgery, stump and phantom pain, pain states following partial lesions of brachial/lumbar plexus and peripheral nerves, sympathetic dystrophy and rest pain in peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Possible indications for SCS are pain after incomplete lesions of spinal cord or cauda equina, postherpetic neuralgia, sclerodermia and PVD. Failures must be expected in pain states related to progressive malignant disease and complete deafferentation after spinal lesions or root avulsion.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Gemeinschaftspraxis für Neurochirurgie Paracelsus-Klimik, Am Natruper Holz 69, W-4500, Osnabrück, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winkelmüller