title: Reciprocal regulation of dopamine D1 and D3 receptor function and trafficking by heterodimerization.
abstract: Colocalization of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D3 receptors (D3R) in specific neuronal populations suggests that their functional cross-talk might involve direct interactions. Here we report that the D1R coimmunoprecipitates with the D3R from striatal protein preparations, suggesting that they are clustered together in this region. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET(2)), we further suggest the existence of a physical interaction between D1R and D3R. Tagged D1R and D3R cotransfected in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells generated a significant BRET(2) signal that was insensitive to agonist stimulation, suggesting that they form a constitutive heterodimer. D1R and D3R regulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) in opposite ways. In HEK 293 cells coexpressing D1R and D3R, dopamine stimulated AC with higher potency and displaced [3H]R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SCH23390) binding with higher affinity than in cells expressing the D1R. In HEK 293 cells individually expressing D1R or D3R, agonist stimulation induces internalization of D1R but not of D3R. Heterodimerization with D3R abolishes agonist-induced D1R cytoplasmic sequestration induced by selective D1R agonists and enables internalization of the D1R/D3R complex in response to the paired stimulation of both D1R and D3R. This mechanism involves beta-arrestin binding because it was blocked by mutant beta-arrestinV53D. These data suggest that as a result of dimerization, the D3R is switched to the desensitization mechanisms typical of the D1R. These data give a novel insight into how D1R and D3R may function in an integrated way, providing a molecular mechanism by which to converge D1R- and D3R-related dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorentini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busi
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gorruso
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gotti
authors.forename: Pierfranco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Missale
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000737:chemistry; D019281:Dimerization; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D049449:Luminescence; D021381:Protein Transport; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D004298:Dopamine