title: Microwave treatment and struvite recovery potential of dairy manure.
abstract: Microwave digestion of liquid dairy manure was tested for the release of nutrients, such as orthophosphates, ammonia-nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, both with and without the aid of an oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide). The orthophosphate to total phosphorus ratio of the manure increased from 21% to greater than 80% with 5 minutes of microwave treatment. More than 36% of total chemical oxygen demand (t-COD) of the manure was reduced when microwave digestion was assisted with peroxide addition. In addition, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) distribution shifted to simpler chain acids (acetic acid in particular) with an increase in operating temperature. In the second part of the study, digested manure with increased soluble phosphate was tested for the recovery of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) at different pH. It was found that up to 90% of orthophosphate can be removed from the solution. Overall, it was concluded that the oxidizing agent-assisted microwave digestion process can be used upstream of anaerobic digestion, following which the anaerobically digested manure can be used for struvite recovery. Thus, this microwave digestion process presents the potential for enhanced efficiencies in both manure digestion and struvite recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Kwang Victor
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Ping Huang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004063:Digestion; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012995:Solubility; D000069877:Struvite; D013997:Time Factors; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008372:Manure; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D000069877:Struvite; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide