title: Ionic thiocyanate (SCN(-)) production, fate, and phytotoxicity in soil amended with Brassicaceae seed meals.
abstract: Brassicaceae seed meals produce ionic thiocyanate (SCN (-)), a bioherbicidal compound. This study determined the fate of SCN (-) in a field soil amended with seed meals of Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus and quantified crop phytotoxicity by monitoring carrot ( Daucus carota) emergence. Meals were applied at 1 or 2 t ha (-1), and soils were sampled to 35 cm for SCN (-). Maximum SCN (-) (211 micromol kg (-1) of soil) was measured at 5 days in 0-5 cm samples from plots amended with S. alba meal at 2 t ha (-1). Less than 30 micromol of SCN (-) kg (-1) of soil was measured at soil depths below 15 cm. At 44 days, SCN (-) was <15 micromol kg (-1) of soil in all treatments. Emergence inhibition of carrots seeded 15-36 days after meal amendment was found only in S. alba treatments. The rapid decrease of SCN (-) concentrations in Brassicaceae meal-amended soil indicates limited potential for off-site environmental impacts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Land Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morra
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borek
authors.forename: André J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson-Maynard
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Thill
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry; D019607:Brassicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D031226:Sinapis / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D013861:Thiocyanates