title: IL-1 and iNOS gene expression and NO synthesis in the superior region of meniscal explants are dependent on the magnitude of compressive strains.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Partial meniscectomy is known to cause osteoarthritis (OA) of the underlying cartilage as well as alter the load on the remaining meniscus. Removal of 30-60% of the medial meniscus increases compressive strains from a maximum of approximately 10% to almost 20%. The goal of this study is to determine if meniscal cells produce catabolic molecules in response to the altered loading that results from a partial meniscectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative changes in gene expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent changes in the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) released by meniscal tissue in response to compression were measured. Porcine meniscal explants were dynamically compressed for 2 h at 1 Hz to simulate physiological stimulation at either 10% strain or 0.05 MPa stress. Additional explants were pathologically stimulated to either 0% strain, 20% strain or, 0.1 MPa stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  iNOS and IL-1 gene expression and NO release into the surrounding media were increased at 20% compressive strain compared to other conditions. Pathological unloading (0% compressive strain) of meniscal explants did not significantly change expression of IL-1 or iNOS genes, but did result in an increased amount of NO released compared to physiological strain of 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that meniscectomies which reduce the surface area of the meniscus by 30-60% will increase the catabolic activity of the meniscus which may contribute to the progression of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadmiel
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Haut Donahue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II