title: High processing tolerances of immunomodulatory proteins in Enoki and Reishi mushrooms.
abstract: This study investigated the processing tolerances of two mushroom proteins with immunomodulatory activities, including FVE from Enoki ( Flammulia velutipes ) and LZ8 from Reishi ( Ganoderma lucidum ) mushrooms, under food processing treatments such as heating, sterilization, frozen storage, extraction in acid/alkaline conditions, and dehydration. Results showed that the capability of these two proteins to induce IFN-gamma secretion by murine splenocytes remained after 100 degrees C heating for 30 min, 121 degrees C autoclaving for 15 min, and -80 degrees C freezing. The retained activities of both proteins on cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production did not decrease at 0.6 M hydrochloric acid (at pH 2) but strikingly dropped at 5 M sodium hydrate (at pH 13). After vacuum dehydration, FVE and LZ8 retained most of their activities on cell proliferation; nevertheless, the IFN-gamma secretion decreased to about half of the initial values. These findings suggest that these two mushroom proteins have a good thermal/freezing resistance, acid tolerance, and dehydration stability and are candidates for processing in food and nutraceutical utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Man-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Po-Jung
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Hui-Hsin
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ming-Jer
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Fuu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003890:Desiccation; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005615:Freezing; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; C061148:LZ-8 protein, Ganoderma lucidum; D007371:Interferon-gamma