title: Imp-L2, a putative homolog of vertebrate IGF-binding protein 7, counteracts insulin signaling in Drosophila and is essential for starvation resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) signal through a highly conserved pathway and control growth and metabolism in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In mammals, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) bind IGFs with high affinity and modulate their mitogenic, anti-apoptotic and metabolic actions, but no functional homologs have been identified in invertebrates so far.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we show that the secreted Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2) binds Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (Dilp2) and inhibits growth non-autonomously. Whereas over-expressing Imp-L2 strongly reduces size, loss of Imp-L2 function results in an increased body size. Imp-L2 is both necessary and sufficient to compensate Dilp2-induced hyperinsulinemia in vivo. Under starvation conditions, Imp-L2 is essential for proper dampening of insulin signaling and larval survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imp-L2, the first functionally characterized insulin-binding protein in invertebrates, serves as a nutritionally controlled suppressor of insulin-mediated growth in Drosophila. Given that Imp-L2 and the human tumor suppressor IGFBP-7 show sequence homology in their carboxy-terminal immunoglobulin-like domains, we suggest that their common precursor was an ancestral insulin-binding protein.
authors.affiliation: Zoological Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. bhonegger@gmx.ch
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Honegger
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galic
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wittwer
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brogiolo
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hafen
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stocker
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013217:Starvation / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins