title: Not all repetition is alike: different benefits of repetition in amnesia and normal memory.
abstract: While it is well known that repetition can enhance memory in amnesia, little is known about which forms of repetition are most beneficial. This study compared the effect on recognition memory of repetition of words in the same semantic context and in varied semantic contexts. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which these forms of repetition affect performance, participants were asked to make Remember/Know judgments during recognition. These judgments were used to make inferences about the contribution of recollection and familiarity to performance. For individuals with intact memory, the two forms of repetition were equally beneficial to overall recognition, and were associated with both enhanced Remember and Know responses. However, varied repetition was associated with a higher likelihood of Remember responses than was fixed repetition. The two forms of repetition also conferred equivalent benefits on overall recognition in amnesia, but in both cases, this enhancement was manifest exclusively in enhanced Know responses. We conclude that the repetition of information, and especially repetition in varied contexts, enhances recollection in individuals with intact memory, but exclusively affects familiarity in patients with severe amnesia.
authors.affiliation: Memory Disorders Research Center, Boston VA Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA. verf@bu.edu
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verfaellie
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajaram
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fossum
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications; D020915:Korsakoff Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000502:physiology; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*