title: Specific entities affecting the craniocervical region: Down's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ligamentous laxities and bony abnormalities associated with Down's syndrome, os odontoideum, achondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and basilar invagination have been discussed with the imaging of the craniocervical junction. These are significant and require suspicion when dealing with children with the previously mentioned entities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous adverse surgical results in managing these patients reflect the lack of understanding of the underlying pathology and the appropriate surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 1824 JPP, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. arnold-menezes@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Arnold H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Menezes
mesh_terms: D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods