title: Lower urinary tract symptoms revisited: a broader clinical perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The term "lower urinary tract symptoms" (LUTS) was introduced to dissociate male urinary symptoms from any implied site of symptom origin, such as the prostate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To consider a more expansive view of LUTS, moving beyond an organocentric focus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the available literature by a consensus panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consensus group reviewed the literature and developed a conceptual framework to facilitate research and clinical practice in patients with LUTS, following steps outlined in the Delphi procedure. Committee discussion, with presentations and review of existing literature and knowledge at four separate occasions, and extensive review and discussion of draft documents encapsulating group views followed. Consensus group findings included evidence that LUTS increase with age and are prevalent in both male and female patients, with differences in the prevalence of individual storage, voiding, and postmicturition symptoms representing underlying pathophysiologic factors between the sexes. Additionally, it was recognised that patients often have underlying and overlapping pathophysiologic mechanisms that may be related to the expression of LUTS and that this global approach to LUTS reflects our contemporary recognition of the lower urinary tract as an integrated functional unit. To improve the current management of patients, education and awareness regarding LUTS, its causes, and associated comorbidities are needed. Major limitations of this work are the potential interpretive bias introduced by prior perceptions and the nature of the study populations drawn conventionally from secondary care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, it is misleading to attribute individual symptoms to sex differences or to a specific underlying organ. LUTS are a non-sex-specific, non-organ-specific group of symptoms, which are sometimes age-related and progressive. A need exists to increase education and awareness regarding LUTS, its causes, and associated comorbidities, and to assess and treat men and women for all LUTS, not just selected symptoms.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. c.r.chapple@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Roger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dmochowski
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: McVary
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy