Prevalence and types of sleep disturbances acutely after traumatic brain injury.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for sleep disturbances in the acute post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) period.


METHODS
Longitudinal, observational study.


METHODS
Fifty-four first time closed-head injury patients were recruited and evaluated within 3 months after injury. Pre-injury and post-injury sleep disturbances were compared on the Medical Outcome Scale for Sleep. The subjects were also assessed on anxiety, depression, medical comorbidity and severity of TBI.


RESULTS
Subjects were worse on most sleep measures after TBI compared to before TBI. Anxiety disorder secondary to TBI was the most consistent significant risk factor to be associated with worsening sleep status.


CONCLUSIONS
Anxiety is associated with sleep disturbances after TBI. Further studies need to be done to evaluate if this is a causal relationship.
Rao
Vani
V
Division of Geriatric Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Baltimore, MD, USA. vrao@jhmi.edu
Spiro
Jennifer
J
Vaishnavi
Sandeep
S
Rastogi
Pramit
P
Mielke
Michelle
M
Noll
Kathy
K
Cornwell
Edward
E
Schretlen
David
D
Makley
Michael
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications