title: Diagnostic utility of phosphatase and tensin homolog, beta-catenin, and p53 for endometrial carcinoma by thin-layer endometrial preparations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the current report, the authors examined the characteristic features of morphology and molecular biology of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), beta-catenin, and p53 immunocytochemistry in endometrial carcinoma by using thin-layer cytologic preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 6-month period, 120 endometrial samples were collected directly by using the Uterobrush, and thin-layer specimens were prepared. Immunocytochemical expression levels of PTEN, beta-catenin, and p53 were investigated by using 40 specimens of endometrial carcinoma (EC), and 30 specimens each of proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, and atrophic endometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For PTEN immunoreactivity, the a cutoff value of 50% PTEN expression appeared to be useful for the correct diagnosis of EC in endometrial cytology. For beta-catenin immunoreactivity, an increase in cytoplasmic and nuclear beta-catenin expression and a loss of beta-catenin expression appeared to be useful for the correct diagnosis of EC in endometrial cytology and may aid in the stratification of EC into low grade and high grade EC. For p53 immunoreactivity, the application of a cutoff score >or=4 for nuclear p53 expression appeared to be useful for the diagnosis of high-grade EC in endometrial cytology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunocytochemical findings from a combination of PTEN, beta-catenin, and p53, in addition to cytomorphologic features, appeared to be useful for the more accurate diagnosis of EC in endometrial cytology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Norimatsu
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Tadao K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanoh
authors.forename: Choutatsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsukayama
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000032:analysis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051176:beta Catenin; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase