title: Assessing diagnostic confidence: a comparative review of analytical methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ability of a test to influence diagnostic confidence is used as a measure of its efficacy. Our aim was to compare analytic methods that evaluate changes in confidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The approaches compared were "basic," "retained diagnoses," "Omary," "Tsushima," and "score-based" methods. For illustration, data from a clinical study assessing changes in diagnostic confidence (0%-100%) before and after abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) in patients with acute abdominal pain were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basic, retained diagnoses and Omary methods all ignore whether the test yields a correct diagnosis (confident, but incorrect, diagnoses are regarded positively). Although the Tsushima method takes some account of diagnostic accuracy, all misdiagnoses are considered equal. The score-based method addresses some of the fundamental limitations in the other analytical methods, such as diagnostic accuracy and the varying nature of different misdiagnoses. In the case study, mean (SD) diagnostic confidence for the cohort as a whole (n = 62) increased following CT: 50.7% (20.8%) to 73.2% (20.9%). Pretest diagnoses were changed following CT in 43% (27 of 62) of patients. Pretest diagnoses proved to be incorrect in 52% (32 of 62), and post-test diagnoses incorrect in as many as 19% (12 of 62) of patients. All five analytic methods indicated a positive contribution for CT (all P < or = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our illustrative case study revealed no consequential differences across the five methods, there remain substantial differences in the fundamental principles underlying them that should affect choice of analytic method when assessing diagnostic confidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. cng@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Chaan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000006:Abdomen, Acute / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003657:Decision Making; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D006801:Humans; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards*