title: HIV-1 tropism and survival in vertically infected Ugandan infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may utilize the CXCR4 coreceptor (X4 virus), the CCR5 coreceptor (R5 virus), or both (dual/mixed [DM] virus). We analyzed HIV-1 coreceptor tropism in Ugandan infants enrolled in the HIVNET (HIV Network for Prevention Trials) 012 trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma or serum was analyzed using a commercial coreceptor tropism assay. HIV env subtype was determined by phylogenetic methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tropism results were obtained for 57 samples from infants collected 6-14 weeks after birth. Fifty-two infants had only R5 virus, and 5 had either X4 or DM virus. The mothers of those 5 infants also had X4 or DM virus. In infants, subtype D infection was associated with high-level infectivity in CCR5-bearing cells and also with the detection of X4 or DM strains. High-level infectivity in CCR5-bearing cells was associated with decreased infant survival, but infection with X4 or DM virus was not. HIV clones from infants with DM viral populations showed different patterns of coreceptor use. V3 loop sequence-based algorithms predicted the tropism of some, but not all, env clones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex patterns of HIV tropism were found in HIV-infected newborn infants. Subtype D infection was associated with X4 virus and with high-level replication in CCR5-bearing cells. High-level replication of R5 virus was associated with decreased infant survival.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mwatha
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stawiski
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donnell
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mmiro
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parkin
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D044967:Serum / Q000821:virology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014454:Uganda; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015728:Receptors, HIV; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus