title: Src activation generates reactive oxygen species and impairs metabolism-secretion coupling in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki and ouabain-treated rat pancreatic islets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibition by ouabain suppresses ATP production by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairs glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. To clarify the signal-transducing function of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in decreasing ATP production by the generation of ROS in pancreatic islets, the involvement of Src was examined. In addition, the significance of Src activation in diabetic islets was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated islets from Wistar rats and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (a model for diabetes) were used. ROS was measured by 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence using dispersed islet cells. After lysates were immunoprecipitated by anti-Src antibody, immunoblotting was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ouabain caused a rapid Tyr(418) phosphorylation, indicating activation of Src in the presence of high glucose. The specific Src inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) restored the ouabain-induced decrease in ATP content and the increase in ROS production. Both PP2 and ROS scavenger restored the impaired insulin release and impaired ATP elevation in GK islets, but had no such effect in control islets. PP2 reduced the high glucose-induced increase in ROS generation in GK islet cells but had no effect on that in control islet cells. Moreover, ouabain had no effect on ATP content and ROS production in the presence of high glucose in GK islets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that Src plays a role in the signal-transducing function of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, in which ROS generation decreases ATP production in control islets. Moreover, ROS generated by Src activation plays an important role in impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion in GK islets, in which Src is endogenously activated independently of ouabain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kominato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nabe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimodahira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inagaki
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007328:Insulin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010042:Ouabain; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005947:Glucose