title: SMAD3 functions as a transcriptional repressor of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc.
abstract: The goal of this investigation was to study the regulation of acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)3 expression by TGFbeta in the nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. Analysis of human nucleus pulposus tissue indicated decreased ASIC3 and elevated TGFbeta expression in the degenerate state. In a parallel study, treatment of nucleus pulposus cells with TGFbeta resulted in decreased expression of ASIC3 mRNA and protein. Suppression of ASIC3 promoter activity was evident when the nucleus pulposus cells were treated with TGFbeta or co-transfected with the constitutively active ALK5 or a smad3 construct. On the other hand, co-transfection of dominant negative smad3 or smad7 restored ASIC3 promoter activity. We validated the role of smad3 in controlling ASIC3 expression using cells derived from smad3-null mice. ASIC3 promoter activity in the null cells was 2- to 3-fold higher than the wildtype cells. Moreover, expression of smad3 in null cells decreased ASIC3 promoter activity by almost 50%. Further studies using deletion constructs and trichostatin A treatment showed that the full-length smad3 was necessary, and the suppression involved recruitment of histone deacetylase to the promoter. To determine the mechanism, we evaluated the rat ASIC3 promoter sequence and noted the presence of two smad interacting CAGA box motifs. Gel-shift and supershift analysis indicated that smad3 protein was bound to this motif. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that smad3 bound both the CAGA elements. Results of these studies clearly show that TGFbeta is highly expressed in the degenerate disc and through smad3 serves as a negative regulator of ASIC3 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guttapalli
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gajghate
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mochida
authors.forename: Irving M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Makarand V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Risbud
mesh_terms: D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017931:DNA Primers; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C568269:ASIC3 protein, rat; D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D017931:DNA Primers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; D015222:Sodium Channels; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta