title: Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of spasticity (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of adult and childhood spasticity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed including MEDLINE and Current Contents for therapeutic articles relevant to BoNT and spasticity. Authors reviewed, abstracted, and classified articles based on American Academy of Neurology criteria (Class I-IV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest quality literature available for the respective indications was as follows: adult spasticity (14 Class I studies); spastic equinus and adductor spasticity in pediatric cerebral palsy (six Class I studies).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum neurotoxin should be offered as a treatment option for the treatment of spasticity in adults and children (Level A).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gracies
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miyasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Russman
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: So
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins