title: Determining the chemical activity of hydrophobic organic compounds in soil using polymer coated vials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic compounds, the concentrations are less indicative of potential exposure and distribution than are the associated chemical activities, fugacities and freely dissolved concentrations. The latter can be measured by diffusive sampling into thin layers of polymer, as in, for example, solid phase micro-extraction. Such measurements require equilibrium partitioning of analytes into the polymer while ensuring that the sample is not depleted. We introduce the validation of these requirements based on parallel sampling into polymer layers of different thicknesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Equilibrium sampling devices were made by coating glass vials internally with 3-12 microm thick layers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These were filled with slurries of a polluted soil and gently agitated for 5 days. The concentrations of 7 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the PDMS were measured. Validation confirmed fulfilment of the equilibrium sampling requirements and high measurement precision. Finally, chemical activities of the PAHs in the soil were determined from their concentrations and activity coefficients in the PDMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAHs' thermodynamic activities in a soil test material were determined via a method of uptake into PDMS. This can be used to assess chemical exposure and predict diffusion and partitioning processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Roskilde, Denmark. fredrik.reichenberg@gmx.net
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reichenberg
authors.forename: Foppe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Smedes
authors.forename: Jan-Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mayer