title: Randomized phase III trial comparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection with one course of bleomycin and etoposide plus cisplatin chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of clinical stage I Nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: AUO trial AH 01/94 by the German Testicular Cancer Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and adjuvant chemotherapy are two adjuvant treatment options for patients with clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (NSGCT). Aim of this trial was to prove the advantage of one cycle of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy compared with RPLND in terms of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2005, 382 patients were randomly assigned to receive either RPLND (n = 191) or one course of BEP (n = 191) after orchidectomy. The primary study end point was the rate of recurrence. The trial was powered to detect a 7% reduction (from 10% to 3%) of recurrence with chemotherapy compared with surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, two and 15 recurrences were observed in the intention-to-treat population with chemotherapy and surgery, respectively (P = .0011). The difference in the 2-year recurrence-free survival rate between chemotherapy (99.46%; 95% CI, 96.20% to 99.92%) and surgery (91.87%; 95% CI, 86.87% to 95.02%) was 7.59% (95% CI, 3.13% to 12.05%). The hazard ratio to experience a tumor recurrence with surgery as opposed to chemotherapy was 7.937 (95% CI, 1.808 to 34.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the largest randomized trial investigating adjuvant treatment strategies in clinical stage I NSGCT, which showed the superiority of one course BEP over RPLND performed according to community standards to prevent recurrence. Although not standard treatment, one course of BEP is active in an unselected group of patients with clinical stage I disease and merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Klinikum Kassel GmbH, Kassel, Germany. sekurol@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siener
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krege
authors.forename: Hans-Uwe
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Schmelz
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwasny
authors.forename: Maik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pechoel
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kliesch
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Köhrmann
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fimmers
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weissbach
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wittekind
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D005047:Etoposide; D002945:Cisplatin