title: Efficacy of antiglaucoma fixed combination therapy versus unfixed components in reducing intraocular pressure: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of the fixed combination ocular hypotensive therapies compared with their non-fixed components used concomitantly for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature, up to May 2007, without limits on year or language of publication was performed. Seven randomised controlled trials (n = 2,083 eyes) were identified. Assessment of methodological quality was made using standardised criteria. Results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analysis methods, and statistical analysis was performed using STATA software. The difference in mean intraocular pressure (mm Hg) from baseline between the fixed combination and non-fixed component therapies was compared. Non-inferiority in terms of efficacy was set at an upper confidence limit of < or =1.5 mm Hg for all time points (hour (Hr)0, Hr2 and Hr8) and evaluated at 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated from data on adverse events as reported in the included studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 679 abstracts identified, seven randomised controlled trials met the selection criteria. The quality scores of included studies were high (mean of 29.4, maximum score 30). The mean differences (95% CI) and p values at 12 weeks were as follows: 0.200 mm Hg, (CI -0.106 to 0.507), p = 0.20 for Hr0, 0.393 mm Hg (CI 0.038 to 0.747), p = 0.03 for Hr2 and 0.501 mm Hg (CI 0.156 to 0.846), p = 0.004 for Hr8. Although both Hr2 and Hr8 showed statistical significance favouring the non-fixed combinations, the non-inferiority measure < or =1.5 mm Hg upper confidence limit was not exceeded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixed combination therapies are equally safe and effective at lowering IOP as their non-fixed components administered concomitantly.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mollan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bankart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents