title: Nramp1 equips macrophages for efficient iron recycling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) is a divalent metal transporter expressed exclusively in phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. As macrophages are responsible for the engulfment and clearance of senescent red blood cells (RBC), we hypothesize that Nramp1 may participate in the recycling of iron acquired through phagocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, we examined the contribution of Nramp1 expression to iron metabolism in macrophages loaded with iron via either hemin or opsonized RBC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blot analysis indicated that Nramp1 protein levels increased with hemin, opsonized erythrocytes, or erythropoietin treatment. The pool of chelatable iron was also found to transiently increase following iron-loading with hemin or opsonized RBCs, with a greater increase observed in macrophages expressing Nramp1. Overexpression of Nramp1 was also found to result in a greater cellular release of (59)Fe following phagocytosis of (59)Fe-labeled reticulocytes. Expression of Nramp1 was associated with a twofold increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in macrophages undergoing erythrophagocytosis. Nramp1-expressing macrophages were also found to phagocytose nearly twice as many RBC than their Nramp1-deficient counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid and strong induction of Nramp1 during erythrophagocytosis, combined with its positive effects on (59)Fe-release, HO-1 induction and phagocytic ability, suggest that Nramp1 has a role in the recycling of hemoglobin-derived iron by macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soe-Lin
authors.forename: Alex D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Sheftel
authors.forename: Brandi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wasyluk
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006427:Hemin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008954:Models, Biological; D009895:Opsonin Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010587:Phagocytosis; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006427:Hemin; D007501:Iron; D009895:Opsonin Proteins; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1