title: The practicalities of terminally ill patients signing their own DNR orders--a study in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current situation of completing the informed consent for do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders among the competent patients with terminal illness and the ethical dilemmas related to it.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 152 competent patients with terminal cancer, who were involved in the initial consultations for hospice care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons of means, analyses of variance, Student's t test, chi(2) test and multiple logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the consultations, 117 (77.0%) of the 152 patients provided informed consent for hospice care and DNR orders. These included 21 patients (17.9%) who signed the consent by themselves, and 96 (82.1%) whose consent sheet was signed only by family members. The reasons why patients were not involved in the discussions toward the consent (n = 82) included poor physical or psychological condition (44.9%), concerns of the consultant hospice team (37.2%), and the family's refusal (28.2%). On a multivariate analysis, patients' awareness of their poor prognosis (odds ratio = 4.07, 95% confidence interval = 2.05 to 8.07) and their understanding of hospice care (2.27, 1.33 to 3.89) were two independent factors (p < 0.01) that influenced their participation in the discussions or their personal signature in the informed consent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The family-oriented culture in Asian countries may violate the principles of the Patient Self-Determination Act and the requirements of the Hospice Care Law in Taiwan, which inevitably poses an ethical dilemma. Earlier truth-telling and continuing education of the public by hospice care workers will be helpful in solving such ethical dilemmas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chuang-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W-Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016414:Resuscitation Orders / Q000941:ethics*; D012297:Right to Die / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D013624:Taiwan; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D014342:Truth Disclosure / Q000941:ethics