title: Conformational change of the transmembrane helices II and IV of metabotropic glutamate receptor involved in G protein activation.
abstract: G protein-coupled receptors are classified into several families on the basis of their amino acid sequences and the members of the same family exhibit sequence similarity but those of different families do not. In family 1 GPCRs such as rhodopsin and adrenergic receptor, extensive studies have revealed the stimulus-dependent conformational change of the receptor: the rearrangement of transmembrane helices III and VI is essential for G protein activation. In contrast, in family 3 GPCRs such as metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), the inter-protomer relocation upon ligand binding has been observed but there is much less information about the structural changes of the transmsmbrane helices and the cytoplasmic domains. Here we identified constitutively active mutation sites at the cytoplasmic borders of helices II and IV of mGluR8 and successfully inhibited the G protein activation ability by engineering disulfide cross-linking between these cytoplasmic regions. The analysis of all possible single substitution mutants of these residues revealed that some steric interactions around these sites would be important to keep the receptor protein inactive. These results provided the model that the conformational changes at the cytoplasmic ends of helices II and IV of mGluR are involved in the efficient G protein coupling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terakita
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shichida
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014162:Transfection; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C114785:2-amino-4-phosphono-propinate; D000596:Amino Acids; C114624:LY 341495; D011422:Propionates; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D014966:Xanthenes; C111435:metabotropic glutamate receptor 8; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D014316:Tritium; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)