title: Controlled microaspiration for high-pressure freezing: a new method for ultrastructural preservation of fragile and sparse tissues for TEM and electron tomography.
abstract: High-pressure freezing is the preferred method to prepare thick biological specimens for ultrastructural studies. However, the advantages obtained by this method often prove unattainable for samples that are difficult to handle during the freezing and substitution protocols. Delicate and sparse samples are difficult to manipulate and maintain intact throughout the sequence of freezing, infiltration, embedding and final orientation for sectioning and subsequent transmission electron microscopy. An established approach to surmount these difficulties is the use of cellulose microdialysis tubing to transport the sample. With an inner diameter of 200 microm, the tubing protects small and fragile samples within the thickness constraints of high-pressure freezing, and the tube ends can be sealed to avoid loss of sample. Importantly, the transparency of the tubing allows optical study of the specimen at different steps in the process. Here, we describe the use of a micromanipulator and microinjection apparatus to handle and position delicate specimens within the tubing. We report two biologically significant examples that benefit from this approach, 3D cultures of mammary epithelial cells and cochlear outer hair cells. We illustrate the potential for correlative light and electron microscopy as well as electron tomography.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop Donner, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. WJTriffo@lbl.gov
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Triffo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Palsdottir
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Inman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bissell
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Auer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003956:Dialysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017110:Freeze Substitution; D005615:Freezing; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D051379:Mice; D008846:Micromanipulation; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011312:Pressure; D014054:Tomography / Q000379:methods*