title: An embryonic stem cell-like gene expression signature in poorly differentiated aggressive human tumors.
abstract: Cancer cells possess traits reminiscent of those ascribed to normal stem cells. It is unclear, however, whether these phenotypic similarities reflect the activity of common molecular pathways. Here, we analyze the enrichment patterns of gene sets associated with embryonic stem (ES) cell identity in the expression profiles of various human tumor types. We find that histologically poorly differentiated tumors show preferential overexpression of genes normally enriched in ES cells, combined with preferential repression of Polycomb-regulated genes. Moreover, activation targets of Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc are more frequently overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors. In breast cancers, this ES-like signature is associated with high-grade estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors, often of the basal-like subtype, and with poor clinical outcome. The ES signature is also present in poorly differentiated glioblastomas and bladder carcinomas. We identify a subset of ES cell-associated transcription regulators that are highly expressed in poorly differentiated tumors. Our results reveal a previously unknown link between genes associated with ES cell identity and the histopathological traits of tumors and support the possibility that these genes contribute to stem cell-like phenotypes shown by many tumors.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Ittai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben-Porath
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Ruping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regev
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors