Detection of explosives in hair using ion mobility spectrometry.
Conventional explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), and ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) sorbed to hair can be directly detected by an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) in E-mode (for explosives). Terrorist explosive, triacetone triperoxide (TATP), difficult to detect by IMS in E-mode, was detected in N-mode (for narcotics). Three modes of sample introduction to IMS vapor desorption unit were used: (i) placement of hair directly into the unit, (ii) swabbing of hair and placement of swabs (i.e., paper GE-IMS sample traps) into the unit, and (iii) acetonitrile extracts of hair positioned on sample traps and placed into the unit. TNT, NG, and EGDN were detected in E-mode by all three sample introduction methods. TATP could only be detected by the acetonitrile extraction method after exposure of the hair to vapor for 16 days because of lower sensitivity. With standard solutions, TATP detection in E-mode required about 10 times as much sample as EGDN (3.9 mug compared with 0.3 mug). IMS in N-mode detected TATP from hair by all three modes of sample introduction.
Oxley
Jimmie C
JC
Chemistry Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. joxley@chm.uri.edu
Smith
James L
JL
Kirschenbaum
Louis J
LJ
Marimganti
Suvarna
S
Vadlamannati
Sravanthi
S
D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010545:Peroxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D053834:Explosive Agents; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D010545:Peroxides; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C495284:triacetone triperoxide; C004882:ethylene glycol dinitrate; D005996:Nitroglycerin