title: Evaluation of anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.
abstract: The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid, also known as gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. Besides the antioxidant activity, other biological activities have been described for this group of molecules, mainly anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. In the present study, the anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate was evaluated followed by the determination of the site of antiviral activity of these compounds. Our results demonstrated that both compounds reduced HSV-2 replication in a concentration-dependent manner when either incubated with the virus prior to the addition of the mixture to cells, or added to and incubated with cells after their infection. In summary, the anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate was ascribed to their virucidal effect on virus particles, a change that was likely accompanied by partial inhibition of the virus attachment to cells and its subsequent cell-to-cell spread activity. This suggests that these compounds can be regarded as promising candidates for development as topical anti-HSV-2 agents.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jadel Müller
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Carla Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Andrighetti-Fröhner
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Ricardo José
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Rosendo Augusto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yunes
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trybala
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Célia Regina Monte
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Barardi
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014771:Virion / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006023:Glycoproteins; C114654:pentyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid