Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection and invasive pneumococcal disease in Danish children aged <2 years: a population-based cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Previous population-based studies have reported a temporal association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined this association at an individual level in the Danish population.


METHODS
Using registry information about hospitalization for RSV infection and IPD in Denmark, we conducted a prospective, population-based cohort study and examined the associations between hospitalization for RSV infection and IPD.


RESULTS
In our cohort, no persons aged > or =2 years experienced IPD within 30 days after hospitalization for RSV infection. Among children aged <2 years, children who were hospitalized for RSV infection had a significantly increased risk of IPD during the 30 days after hospitalization, compared with those who were not hospitalized for RSV infection (adjusted rate ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-14.3). Likewise, hospitalization for a non-RSV respiratory infection increased the risk of IPD during the 30 days after hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-10.0). IPD did not increase the risk of hospitalization for RSV infection among children aged <2 years.


CONCLUSIONS
Both recent hospitalization for RSV infection and recent hospitalization for non-RSV respiratory infection increased the risk of IPD among Danish children aged <2 years.
Stensballe
Lone Graff
LG
Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. LGN@ssi.dk
Hjuler
Thomas
T
Andersen
Andreas
A
Kaltoft
Margit
M
Ravn
Henrik
H
Aaby
Peter
P
Simoes
Eric A F
EA
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*