title: Inflammatory proteins and muscle strength in adolescents: the Avena study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between inflammatory proteins and muscle strength and to determine whether this association varies between overweight and nonoverweight adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 416 Spanish adolescents (230 boys and 186 girls) aged 13 to 18(1/2) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle strength score was computed as the mean of the handgrip and standing broad jump standardized values. The adolescents were categorized as overweight (including obese) or nonoverweight according to body mass index. Body fat and fat-free mass were derived from skinfold thickness.
  
  
  METHODS
  C-reactive protein, complement factors C3 and C4, ceruloplasmin, and prealbumin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the regression analysis showed that C-reactive protein, C3, and ceruloplasmin were negatively associated with muscle strength after controlling for sex, age, pubertal status, weight, height, socioeconomic status, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Moreover, C-reactive protein and prealbumin levels were associated with muscle strength in overweight adolescents after controlling for potential confounders, including body fat and fat-free mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with muscle strength in adolescents. The patterns of these associations seem more relevant in overweight adolescents, suggesting that having high levels of muscle strength may counteract the negative consequences ascribed to body fat.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. ruizj@ugr.es
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Francisco B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wärnberg
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gross
authors.forename: Ascension
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjöström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000032:analysis; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007162:Immunoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D007162:Immunoproteins; D011228:Prealbumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002570:Ceruloplasmin