title: Seasonality and climatic associations with violent and nonviolent suicide: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Using 7-year population-based data on Taiwan, we examined seasonal variation in violent versus nonviolent suicide, and its association with meteorological factors: ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and daily sunshine hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Taiwan's nationwide mortality data from 1997 to 2003, categorizing the sample decedents into two groups, violent (ICD-9-CM codes E953-E958) and nonviolent (E950-E952) suicide, based on the suicide method used. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) modeling was used to detect seasonality of suicide, and the association of climate variables with violent versus nonviolent suicide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SARIMA test of seasonality was significant for both genders and the pooled sample (all p < 0.001) in violent suicide deaths, but not nonviolent suicides. Seasonal trends show a significant peak in March-May (early to late spring) for violent suicides. Increasing ambient temperature predicted increasing violent suicide rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that seasonality exists in violent but not nonviolent suicide rates. Our findings suggest that suicide is a heterogeneous phenomenon and violent suicide may be more influenced by biochemical and chronobiological mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. henry11111@tmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Herng-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chin-Shyan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xirasagar
authors.forename: Hsin-Chien
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D002980:Climate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012621:Seasons; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*