title: The effectiveness of progressively increasing stimulation frequency and intensity to maintain paralyzed muscle force during repetitive activation in persons with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of progressively increasing stimulation intensity, progressively increasing frequency, or progressively increasing both frequency and intensity on paralyzed quadriceps femoris muscle force maintenance during repetitive activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factorial design with different stimulation protocols as independent variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A muscle performance laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  People (N=8) with spinal cord injury (SCI) (age, 14.63+/-1.77y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Number of contractions when the peak force was 90% or more of a subject's maximal twitch force.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protocol involving progressively increasing stimulation intensity and then frequency generated more successful contractions (189.88+/-53.33) than progressively increasing the frequency followed by intensity (122.75+/-26.56 contractions). Regardless of the order, progressively increasing both intensity and frequency generated more successful contractions than progressively increasing intensity (97 contractions) or frequency (62 contractions) alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that during repetitive electric activation, progressively increasing both stimulation frequency and intensity can produce more successful contractions than progressively increasing only frequency or intensity. These findings can help researchers and clinicians design more effective stimulation protocols for persons with SCI during functional electric stimulation applications.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Therese E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Binder-Macleod
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*