title: Species limits and phylogeography of North American cricket frogs (Acris: Hylidae).
abstract: Cricket frogs are widely distributed across the eastern United States and two species, the northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans) and the southern cricket frog (A. gryllus) are currently recognized. We generated a phylogenetic hypothesis for Acris using fragments of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in separate and combined phylogenetic analyses. We also used distance methods and fixation indices to evaluate species limits within the genus and the validity of currently recognized subspecies of A. crepitans. The distributions of existing A. crepitans subspecies, defined by morphology and call types, do not match the distributions of evolutionary lineages recovered using our genetic data. We discuss a scenario of call evolution to explain this disparity. We also recovered distinct phylogeographic groups within A. crepitans and A. gryllus that are congruent with other codistributed taxa. Under a lineage-based species concept, we recognize Acris blanchardi as a distinct species. The importance of this revised taxonomy is discussed in light of the dramatic declines in A. blanchardi across the northern and western portions of its range.
authors.affiliation: Conservation Biology Graduate Program, Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA. gambl007@umn.edu
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Berendzen
authors.forename: H Bradley
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Starkey
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simons
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000235:genetics; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D007814:Larva; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D011898:Ranidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D013623:Tail / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D045304:Cytochromes c