title: Characterization of two functional NKX3.1 binding sites upstream of the PCAN1 gene that are involved in the positive regulation of PCAN1 gene transcription.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NKX3.1 and PCAN1 are both prostate-specific genes related to prostate development and prostate cancer. So far, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of the expression of these two genes. In the present study, we found that NKX3.1 upregulated PCAN1 gene transcription in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. To understand the regulatory mechanisms, our work focused on identifying the functional NKX3.1 binding sites upstream of the PCAN1 gene, which might be involved in the positive regulation of PCAN1 expression by NKX3.1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We cloned and characterized a 2.6 kb fragment upstream of the PCAN1 gene. Analysis of the 2.6 kb sequence with MatInspector 2.2 revealed five potential binding sites of NKX3.1 transcription factor. Luciferase reporter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA interference were performed to study the effects of NKX3.1 on PCAN1 gene expression in prostate cancer cells. Our results showed that PCAN1 promoter activity and mRNA expression were increased by transfection with the NKX3.1 containing plasmid (pcDNA3.1-NKX3.1) and that PCAN1 mRNA expression was decreased by RNA interference targeting human NKX3.1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that NKX3.1 bound to NBS1 (-1848 to -1836) and NBS3 (-803 to -791) upstream of the PCAN1 gene. The luciferase reporter assays showed that NBS1 and NBS3 enhanced the promoter activity in pGL3-promoter vector with cotransfection of the NKX3.1 containing plasmid. Furthermore, the deletion of NBS1 or both NBS1 and NBS3 reduced PCAN1 promoter activity and abolished the positive regulation of PCAN1 expression by NKX3.1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that two functional NKX3.1 binding sites located at -1848 to -1836 and -803 to -791 upstream of the PCAN1 gene were involved in the positive regulation of PCAN1 gene transcription by NKX3.1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, China. liuwenwen_87@126.com
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pengju
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Weiwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chunxiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fuai
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jianye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002457:Cell Extracts; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013539:Simian virus 40; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C491178:NKX3-1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C435944:PCAT4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D008156:Luciferases