title: [Guideline 'Precautionary measures for contrast media containing iodine'].
abstract: Annually, 0.5-1 million injections of contrast media containing iodine are administered in the Netherlands. Almost all contrast media nowadays are low-osmolar and nonionic. Nevertheless, the development ofcontrast-induced nephropathy is still a relevant clinical problem. Through an initiative by the Radiological Society of the Netherlands and with aid of the Dutch Institute for Healthcare Improvement (CBO), a guideline was conceived for the intravascular use of iodine-containing contrast media, based on recent scientific literature. The guideline defines the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy. One of the major risk factors is an impaired renal function. It is important to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with a possible impaired kidney function, preferably by using the 'Modification of diet in renal disease' (MDRD)-study formula. The key measures for avoidance of contrast nephropathy are: limiting the amount of contrast agent used and to assure good hydration, by infusion of sodium chloride 0.9% 12-16 ml/kg body weight, both prior to and after contrast infusion. If time is limited, intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate is an option. The guideline recommends discontinuation of metformin use from the day of contrast injection, if the GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and to restart metformin 2 days following contrast infusion providing the GFR has not significantly deteriorated. Only in the case of previous moderate or severe adverse reactions to contrast media, prophylaxis with corticosteroids and antihistamines is recommended. Iodine allergy or an atopic condition is not a contraindication for the use of iodine-containing contrast media, and no prophylaxis is required. No specific measures are indicated in case of hyperthyroidism, acute pancreatitis, or phaeochromocytoma. Injection of contrast media is not contraindicated in case of pregnancy or lactation.
authors.affiliation: Canisius-Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Postbus 9015, 6500 GS Nijmegen. dijkazn@gmail.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dijk Azn
authors.forename: J F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wetzels
authors.forename: M A G J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: ten Dam
authors.forename: N J M
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.forename: M L H H
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schimmelpenninck-Scheiffers
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Freericks
authors.forename: S A M
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: R W F
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Geenen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuurman
authors.forename: J J E
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Everdingen
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D007455:Iodine