title: The association between alcohol consumption and biomarkers of alcohol exposure with total serum immunoglobulin E levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of studies have shown that self-reported alcohol intake is positively associated with total serum immunoglobin E (IgE) levels. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of self-reported alcohol consumption and different biomarkers of alcohol exposure to total serum IgE levels in a general adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3,443 subjects aged 20 to 79 years from the population-based cross-sectional Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were included in the analyses. Information on alcohol consumption and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate-amino transferase (ASAT), andalanine-amino transferase (ALAT) levels were measured. Multivariable linear regression models were performed separately in atopic and nonatopic subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nonatopic subjects positive associations between self-reported alcohol consumption as well as all considered biomarkers of alcohol exposure and total serum IgE levels were found. Further the results also suggested positive associations between alcohol consumption as well as alcohol biomarkers and total serum IgE level in atopic subjects, even though not all tests for linear trend reached statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, biomarkers of alcohol exposure were positively associated with total serum IgE levels supporting that the positive association between self-reported alcohol intake and IgE levels observed in previous studies is real and not due to misclassification of alcohol intake or confounding by other factors that may be linked to both alcohol intake and total serum IgE levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Community Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. nele.friedrich@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Lise Lotte N
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Husemoen
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petersmann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nauck
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linneberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D014168:Transferrin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014168:Transferrin; C056759:carbohydrate-deficient transferrin; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase