title: Prognostic values of pathologic findings and hypoxia markers in 21 patients with salivary duct carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is associated with aggressive clinical behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the prognostic values of clinicopathologic variables and hypoxia biomarker expression in 21 patients with SDC treated by resection with/without neck dissection and radiotherapy. Tissue microarrays constructed from tumor blocks were stained with monoclonal antibodies to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, carbonic anhydrase-9, glucose transporter-1, and erythropoietin receptor. Locoregional control and survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic factors were calculated from uni- and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cervical nodal metastasis rate was 67% at initial diagnosis and the distant metastasis rate was 71% during follow-up. The only significant predictor of distant metastasis was nodal metastasis (P = 0.006). Actuarial 5-year locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival rates were 57%, 40%, and 44%. Multivariate analysis showed that lymphovascular and perineural invasion and radiotherapy were independent predictors of overall survival (P < 0.025). None of the hypoxia biomarkers, however, was a significant predictor of locoregional control, distant metastasis, or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphovascular and perineural invasion, but not hypoxia biomarkers, were significant prognostic factors for patients with SDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Lyel
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Kyung-Ja
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Gui Young
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Soon Yuhl
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Sang Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497442:HIF1A protein, human