title: Progression of periodontal disease and interleukin-10 gene polymorphism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-10 is a key immunoregulatory cytokine that may be of significance in the immunopathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontal disease. Molecular genetic studies have defined a number of haplotypes that may be associated with differing levels of interleukin-10 secretion. The present study investigated the possible association between interleukin-10 gene polymorphism and periodontal disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was obtained from 252 adults who were part of a prospective longitudinal study on the progression of periodontal disease in a general adult Australian population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -592 and -1082 in the interleukin-10 promoter were analysed using an induced heteroduplex methodology and used to determine interleukin-10 promoter haplotypes in individual samples. Periodontitis progression was assessed by measuring probing depths and relative attachment levels at regular intervals over a 5-year period. A generalized linear model was used to analyse the data, with age, gender, smoking status, interleukin-1 genotype and Porphyromonas gingivalis included as possible confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant (p approximately 0.02) main effect of interleukin-10 haplotypes, with individuals having either the ATA/ACC or the ACC/ACC genotype experiencing around 20% fewer probing depths of >or= 4 mm compared to individuals with other genotypes. Age and smoking had significant (p < 0.001) additional effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the interleukin-10 genotype contributes to the progression of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. m.cullinan@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cullinan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hamlet
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Faddy
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D020180:Heteroduplex Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10