title: Exploring ocular aberrations with a schematic human eye model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Advances in ophthalmic technologies now offer both the measurement and reduction of ocular aberrations by surgically or otherwise honing refraction in the anterior eye. Ocular aberrations, however, are known to change with a multitude of factors, including field position, accommodation level, and age. Thus, although static correction of aberrations provides some vision improvement, this may be less than expected.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, we use an aspheric, variable-focus, age-dependent, gradient index schematic eye to investigate where ocular aberrations arise in the eye and how these change with field position, accommodation, and age. Optical ray tracing was carried out using optical design software ZEMAX, and Seidel aberration analysis was performed with custom written software in MATLAB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our modeling is consistent with clinical findings that certain corneal aberrations almost balance those arising from the lens. Our calculations also support the general notion that, by optical sculpting, corneal aberrations can be adjusted to completely balance out those of the lens. This can effectively eliminate the eye's total monochromatic aberrations, but for only one retinal image point at a time. Centered on this point of minimal aberration is a region (the isoplanatic patch) within which the aberrations produce a point spread smaller than some tolerable limit. Also, using available evidence in the literature concerning changes in critical ocular parameters with age and accommodation, our modeling results parallel established clinical findings, and additionally indicate that the major source of aberration change can be attributed to the gradient index distribution in the lens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bedggood
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashman
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daaboul
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metha
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D005123:Eye; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014794:Visual Fields