title: Tuberculosis diagnosis and multidrug resistance testing by direct sputum culture in selective broth without decontamination or centrifugation.
abstract: Tuberculosis culture usually requires sputum decontamination and centrifugation to prevent cultures from being overgrown by contaminating bacteria and fungi. However, decontamination destroys many tuberculous bacilli, and centrifugation often is not possible in resource-poor settings. We therefore assessed the performance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture with unprocessed samples plated directly by using tuberculosis-selective media and compared this procedure to conventional culture using centrifuge decontamination. Quadruplicate aliquots of strain H37RV were cultured in 7H9 broth with and without selective antimicrobials and after centrifuge decontamination. The subsequent comparison was made with 715 sputum samples. Split paired sputum samples were cultured conventionally with centrifuge decontamination and by direct culture in tuberculosis-selective media containing antibiotics. Centrifuge decontamination reduced tuberculosis H37RV colonies by 78% (P < 0.001), whereas direct culture in tuberculosis-selective media had no inhibitory effect. Similarly, in sputum cultures that were not overgrown by contaminants, conventional culture yielded fewer tuberculosis colonies than direct culture (P < 0.001). However, the sensitivity of conventional culture was greater than that of direct culture, because samples were less affected by contamination. Thus, of the 340 sputum samples that were tuberculosis culture positive, conventional culture detected 97%, whereas direct culture detected 81% (P < 0.001). Conventional and direct cultures both took a median of 8.0 days to diagnose tuberculosis (P = 0.8). In those direct cultures that detected drug resistance or susceptibility, there was a 97% agreement with the results of conventional culture (Kappa agreement statistic, 0.84; P < 0.001). Direct culture is a simple, low-technology, and rapid technique for diagnosing tuberculosis and determining drug susceptibility. Compared to that of conventional culture, direct culture has reduced sensitivity because of bacterial overgrowth, but in basic laboratories this deficit may be outweighed by the ease of use.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quino
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: A Roderick
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Escombe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitchison
authors.forename: Carlton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002498:Centrifugation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media