title: Indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses: 82 cases (1995-2005).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify indications for and short- and long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy performed in standing horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  82 horses undergoing permanent tracheostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data obtained from medical records included signalment, diagnosis, surgical technique, complications, use of the horse before and after surgery, and owner satisfaction. Follow-up information was obtained through a telephone questionnaire administered to owners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Indications for permanent tracheostomy included nasopharyngeal cicatrix (n = 59), arytenoid chondropathy (55), and laryngeal hemiplegia (20); 54 horses had multiple indications for tracheostomy. Complications identified prior to discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 8), transient fever (10), and excessive swelling (13). Complications identified after discharge included partial dehiscence (n = 3), inversion of skin (2), and stenosis of the tracheostomy requiring repair (1). Long-term follow-up information was available for 64 horses. Fifty-seven of the 64 (89%) horses returned to their previous use, and owners of 63 (98%) horses reported being very satisfied with the results. The owner of 1 (2%) horse was unsatisfied with the results. The 1-year survival rate was 97% (95% confidence interval, 95% to 100%). Mean estimated truncated survival time (ie, failure-free period) was 9.7 years (95% confidence interval, 9.3 to 10.1 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that permanent tracheostomy can be safely performed in standing horses and was a viable treatment for horses with obstructive disease of the upper respiratory tract that was unresponsive to medical treatment or other surgical treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4475, USA.
authors.forename: A Berkley
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chesen
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rakestraw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018397:Equidae / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome