title: Obese mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase are sensitized to the metabolic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Synthetic ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) improve insulin sensitivity in obesity, but it is still unclear whether inflammatory signals modulate their metabolic actions. In this study, we tested whether targeted disruption of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), a key inflammatory mediator in obesity, modulates the metabolic effects of rosiglitazone in obese mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  iNOS(-/-) and iNOS(+/+) were subjected to a high-fat diet or standard diet for 18 weeks and were then treated with rosiglitazone for 2 weeks. Whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were determined and metabolic tissues harvested to assess activation of insulin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways and the levels of inflammatory mediators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosiglitazone was found to similarly improve whole-body insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling to Akt/PKB in skeletal muscle of obese iNOS(-/-) and obese iNOS(+/+) mice. However, rosiglitazone further improved glucose tolerance and liver insulin signaling only in obese mice lacking iNOS. This genotype-specific effect of rosiglitazone on glucose tolerance was linked to a markedly increased ability of the drug to raise plasma adiponectin levels. Accordingly, rosiglitazone increased AMPK activation in muscle and liver only in obese iNOS(-/-) mice. PPAR-gamma transcriptional activity was increased in adipose tissue of iNOS(-/-) mice. Conversely, treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with a NO donor blunted PPAR-gamma activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results identify the iNOS/NO pathway as a critical modulator of PPAR-gamma activation and circulating adiponectin levels and show that invalidation of this key inflammatory mediator improves the efficacy of PPAR-gamma agonism in an animal model of obesity and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dallaire
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bellmann
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laplante
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gélinas
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centeno-Baez
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penfornis
authors.forename: Marie-Line
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Peyot
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Latour
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: Philipp E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prentki
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deshaies
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marette
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II