title: An international comparison of the burden of illness in patients with dyspepsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the symptoms and the impact of symptoms on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients consulting with dyspepsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of dyspepsia were recruited from primary and secondary care in Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, South Africa and Spain. Investigators assessed symptom frequency and severity, and subjects completed the following questionnaires: the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale and the Short Form 36 (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  853 dyspepsia patients were included. Mean GSRS scores showed that patients were most troubled by abdominal pain and indigestion. QOLRAD scores indicated that symptoms caused emotional distress, food/drink problems and reduced vitality, with a lesser effect on sleep and physical functioning. Mean SF-36 scores were lower than mean normative values for all domains, indicating that patients had a worse HRQL than the normal population, particularly for Bodily Pain, Role Physical and Role Emotional. Of patients in each country, 18-43% were anxious and 11-21% were depressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with dyspepsia have reduced HRQL because their symptoms - particularly abdominal pain and indigestion - cause emotional distress, problems with food and drink, and impaired vitality.
authors.affiliation: AstraZeneca R&D Molndal, Molndal, Sweden. katarina.halling@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Halling
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kulich
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Ingela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wiklund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors