title: Mapping cerebrovascular reactivity using blood oxygen level-dependent MRI in Patients with arterial steno-occlusive disease: comparison with arterial spin labeling MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI (BOLD MRI) of hypercapnia-induced changes in cerebral blood flow is an emerging technique for mapping cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). BOLD MRI signal reflects cerebral blood flow, but also depends on cerebral blood volume, cerebral metabolic rate, arterial oxygenation, and hematocrit. The purpose of this study was to determine whether, in patients with stenoocclusive disease, the BOLD MRI signal response to hypercapnia is directly related to changes in cerebral blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with stenoocclusive disease underwent mapping of CVR by both BOLD MRI and arterial spin labeling MRI. The latter technique was used as a reference standard for measurement of cerebral blood flow changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemispheric CVR measured by BOLD MRI was significantly correlated with that measured by arterial spin labeling MRI for both gray matter (R=0.83, P<0.0001) and white matter (R=0.80, P<0.0001). Diagnostic accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) for BOLD MRI discrimination between normal and abnormal hemispheric CVR was 0.90 (95% CI=0.81 to 0.98; P<0.001) for gray matter and 0.82 (95% CI=0.70 to 0.94; P<0.001) for white matter. Regions of paradoxical CVR on BOLD MRI had a moderate predictive value (14 of 19 hemispheres) for spatially corresponding paradoxical CVR on arterial spin labeling MRI. Complete absence of paradoxical CVR on BOLD MRI had a high predictive value (31 of 31 hemispheres) for corresponding nonparadoxical CVR on arterial spin labeling MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial spin labeling MRI confirms that, even in patients with stenoocclusive disease, the BOLD MRI signal response to hypercapnia predominantly reflects changes in cerebral blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poublanc
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Crawley
authors.forename: Jeff A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stainsby
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mikulis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels; D010100:Oxygen