title: Concentrations and time trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in aquatic bird eggs from San Francisco Bay, CA 2000-2003.
abstract: Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 169 avian eggs. We analyzed randomly collected eggs of two species of piscivorous birds: Caspian tern (Sterna caspia) (n=78) and Forster's tern (Sterna forsteri) (n=76). We also analyzed fail-to-hatch eggs from two species protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, that breed in the San Francisco Bay region: the piscivorous California Least tern (Sterna antillarum brownii) (n=11) and the omnivorous California Clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) (n=4). San Francisco Bay eggs were collected annually for four years (2000-2003), and additional 20 eggs were collected and analyzed from Gray's Harbor, Washington in 2001. Geometric mean PBDE concentrations did not significantly differ in the three tern species, but concentrations in eggs from the fail to hatch California Clapper rail eggs were significantly lower than those found in the randomly collected tern eggs. Median concentrations of SigmaPBDEs in Caspian tern eggs for 2000-2003 were 2410, 4730, 3720 and 2880 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively, in Forster's terns 1820, 4380, 5460 and 3600 ng/g lw, respectively, and in California Least terns for 2001 and 2002 were 5060 and 5170 ng/g lw, respectively. In contrast, median SigmaPBDEs concentration in California Clapper rail eggs for 2001 was 379 ng/g lw. Five PBDEs were the major congeners found and decreased in the order BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, and -154. BDE-32, -28, -71, -66, -85, -183 were less prevalent, minor congeners, as was BDE-209, which was measured in a subset of samples. PBDE concentrations in bird eggs from San Francisco Bay were site related. There was no significant difference in PBDE concentrations in Caspian tern eggs from San Francisco Bay and Gray's Harbor, WA. Average PBDE concentrations in eggs did not significantly increase over the period 2000-2003.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. jshe@dhs.ca.gov
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: Terrence L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Adelsbach
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schwarzbach
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006801:Humans; D008386:Marine Biology; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012495:San Francisco; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D014867:Water; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls