title: Illness representations in patients with hand injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in illness perception about hand injury may partly explain the variation in health behaviours such as adherence to post-operative therapy, coping strategy, emotional response and eventual clinical outcome. This study examined the illness perception of patients with hand injuries in the acute trauma setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The disability and severity of injury were assessed using the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS). The revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) was used to explore patients' illness beliefs and perception on hand injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty seven patients were recruited over the 2 month period. The IPQ-R showed good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.68-0.86). There was no correlation between the DASH or HISS scores and the various components of the IPQ-R scores, suggesting that illness perceptions were not influenced by the recent trauma experience. Patients with dominant hand injuries and females reported significantly higher subjective disability. Younger patients believed their injury would last for a limited duration but reported a significantly higher number of related symptoms. Overall, the cohort was optimistic about their treatment and duration of recovery (high treatment control score and low time line score). Beliefs of negative consequences, chronic/cyclical duration and low illness coherence were linked with negative emotional response. High illness identity was associated with perception of pessimistic outcome (high consequences score) and negative emotional response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of correlations suggests that illness perceptions of patients do not necessarily relate to the recent trauma experience or the severity of their hand injury. Patients in this cohort were optimistic about treatment and their recovery. There was some evidence to suggest that patients with severe injury were over-optimistic about recovery. These findings suggest that there could be a role for psychological intervention in hand injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University College Hospital, Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland. chancy@eircom.net
authors.forename: Jeffrey C Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Joshua C Y
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avalos
authors.forename: Padraic J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: AnnMarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groarke
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult