title: Increased osteopontin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine cerebrospinal fluid levels of osteopontin (OPN), a proinflammatory cytokine that was found to be overexpressed in multiple sclerosis lesions and increased in plasma during relapses and in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series. Osteopontin, interleukin 12p40 (IL-12p40), IL-10, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by an investigator unaware of the patients' diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 27), or other inflammatory (n = 11) or non-inflammatory (n = 23) neurological diseases, undergoing lumbar puncture, were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteopontin was significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis (mean [SD], 415 [186] ng/mL) and other inflammatory diseases (563 [411] ng/mL) compared with those with noninflammatory neurological diseases (286 [150] ng/mL). Cerebrospinal fluid OPN levels were slightly higher than plasma OPN levels. Cerebrospinal fluid OPN levels positively correlated with the ability to detect cerebrospinal fluid IL-12p40.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteopontin in the cerebrospinal fluid may be, in part, of central nervous system origin, and may play an important role in central nervous system inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, England.
authors.forename: Manjit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Braitch
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nunan
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niepel
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Cris S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Constantinescu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D053495:Osteopontin; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9