title: Uncertainty and health-related quality of life 1 year after coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about illness-related uncertainty and decreased health-related quality of life in patients undergoing initial coronary angiography or about the long-term effects of uncertainty.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare patients with and without high levels of uncertainty before angiography and to examine the influence of uncertainty on health-related quality of life 1 year after angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, longitudinal study, measurements of perceived control, uncertainty, affective distress, and health-related quality of life were collected from 93 patients before angiography (baseline) and 1 year later. At baseline, patients were classified into high- and low-uncertainty groups by median split. At 1 year, analysis of variance was used to compare health-related quality of life and psychological outcomes in the 2 groups, and multiple linear regression with stepwise entry was used to identify independent determinants of health-related quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with patients with low baseline uncertainty, patients with high baseline uncertainty had higher levels of anxiety and depression and lower levels of perceived control and health-related quality of life 1 year after angiography. Baseline health-related quality of life, uncertainty, and life stress accounted for 54% of the variance in health-related quality of life, even when angiographic outcome was controlled for (P < .001). Baseline uncertainty was independently associated with health-related quality of life (beta = -0.25; 95% confidence interval, -9.40 to -0.05; P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At initial angiography, high levels of uncertainty about illness portend negative health-related quality of life outcomes up to 1 year later.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702, USA. eastwood@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Jo-Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eastwood
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D035501:Uncertainty