title: Dexrazoxane (Totect): FDA review and approval for the treatment of accidental extravasation following intravenous anthracycline chemotherapy.
abstract: Management of anthracycline extravasation is problematic and most reports are anecdotal. On September 6, 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Totect 500 mg (dexrazoxane hydrochloride for injection) for the treatment of extravasation resulting from i.v. anthracycline chemotherapy. In two studies, a total of 57 evaluable patients experienced extravasation from peripheral vein or central venous access sites with local swelling, pain, or redness. The presence of anthracycline in skin biopsy tissue was confirmed by tissue fluorescence, and treatment with a 3-day schedule of dexrazoxane began within 6 hours of the event. The primary endpoint was a reduction in the need for surgical intervention. Only one patient required surgical repair of the injury site, and late sequelae in the remainder were absent or mild. Also, the sponsor, TopoTarget A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, performed controlled nonclinical studies in support of dexrazoxane dose and timing for the reduction of tissue injury resulting from anthracycline extravasation. For this uncommon but serious complication of anthracycline therapy, the need for surgical intervention was 1.7% with this regimen.
authors.affiliation: Office of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Bldg. 22, Room 2109, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, USA. robert.kane@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: W David
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: McGuinn
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagher
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Justice
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pazdur
mesh_terms: D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017277:Drug Approval; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D011929:Razoxane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D011929:Razoxane