title: A study towards release dynamics of thiram fungicide from starch-alginate beads to control environmental and health hazards.
abstract: In order to make the judicious use of thiram fungicide we have developed starch- and alginate-based controlled and sustained agrochemical delivery system in the form of beads using calcium chloride (CaCl2) as crosslinker. The beads were characterized by FTIR and swelling studies. To study the effect of composition of the beads on the release dynamics of fungicide (thiram), beads were prepared by varying the amount of starch, alginate and crosslinker in the beads. Formulation characteristics like entrapment efficiency, bead size, percentage equilibrium swelling of the beads and diffusion mechanism for thiram release have been evaluated. Maximum (93.33+/-2.89)% swelling and maximum (80.67+/-0.83)% thiram release has occurred in the beads prepared with 15% starch, 1% alginate and 0.1M crosslinker solution. In most of the formulations the entrapment efficacy of thiram has been observed more than 90% and the values for the diffusion exponent 'n' have been obtained >1 which shows that the release of fungicides occurred through Case II diffusion mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, India. baljitsinghhpu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Baljit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013893:Thiram / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013893:Thiram; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D013213:Starch