title: One-year functional magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study of neural activation during the recall of unresolved negative life events in borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recall of adverse life events under brain imaging conditions has been shown to coincide with activation of limbic and prefrontal brain areas in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We investigate changes of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns during the recall of unresolved adverse life events (ULE) over 1 year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen female BPD patients participated in the study. During fMRI measurement subjects recalled ULE and negative but resolved life events (RLE) after individual cue words to stimulate autobiographical memory retrieval. Subjective intensity of emotional and sensoric experiences during recall was assessed as well as standardized measures of psychopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 2x2 factorial analysis of fMRI data (Deltat1/t2xDeltaULE/RLE) revealed major right more than left differences of activation (i.e. t1>t2) of the posterior more than anterior cingulate, superior temporal lobes, insula, and right middle and superior frontal lobes (second-level analysis, t=3.0, puncorrected=0.003). The opposite contrast (Deltat2/t1xDeltaULE/RLE) did not reveal any differences. We did not find changes of emotional or sensoric qualities during recall (ULE versus RLE) or of psychopathology measures over the 1-year period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although subjective and clinical data did not change within 1 year, we observed a substantial decrease of temporo-frontal activation during the recall of ULE from t1 to t2. If future research confirms these findings, the question arises whether the decrease of neural activation precedes clinical improvement in BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bethel, Ev. Hospital Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. martin.driessen@evkb.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wingenfeld
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rullkoetter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mensebach
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Woermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beblo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*