title: Second-line and third-line chemotherapy for lung cancer: use and cost.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify commonly prescribed first-, second-, and third-line chemotherapy regimens for persons with lung cancer and to evaluate the utilization patterns and costs of care associated with receiving these regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using health insurance claims from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2006, patients with lung cancer were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis codes. An algorithm was developed to identify first-, second-, and third-line chemotherapy. Patients were stratified by the number of discrete regimens received or by their specific chemotherapy agent or combination of agents. Data were analyzed for up to 2 years from the date of the initial first-line regimen and for 1 year from the second and third lines. Patient costs were based on total reimbursements for each group during the observation period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients receiving first-line chemotherapy, 25% and 10% received second-line and third-line chemotherapy, respectively. Docetaxel, gefitinib, and erlotinib hydrochloride were the most commonly prescribed second-line regimens; gefitinib and docetaxel were the most commonly prescribed third-line regimens. The most commonly prescribed second- and third-line agents changed substantially over time. Total costs and costs per patient per month increased as the number of lines of chemotherapy prescribed increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second- and third-line chemotherapy is prescribed infrequently, and patterns of prescribing are changing over time. Direct medical care costs increase substantially with additional lines of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M3-B232, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. sramsey@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Renato G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Blough
authors.forename: Lauri S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tock
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lubeck
authors.forename: Carolina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016527:Drug Costs; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents