Smoking cessation in pregnancy: why, how, and what next...
Smoking cessation in pregnancy has been shown to reduce low birth weight, preterm birth, and infant morbidities. The effectiveness and safety profile of current cessation approaches in pregnancy are presented. The highest cessation rates are associated with counseling and behavioral interventions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapy in pregnancy including nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and the recently approved drug Varenicline. The risks and benefits of nicotine replacement therapy in heavy smokers and bupropion are discussed. Data on fetal risk are not yet available for Varenicline.
Crawford
Julie T
JT
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Tolosa
Jorge E
JE
Goldenberg
Robert L
RL
D001521:Behavior Therapy; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D000068580:Varenicline
D001552:Benzazepines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine; D000068580:Varenicline