title: Nucleic-acid amplification testing of urine vs. patient complaint-driven evaluation.
abstract: The present pilot study compared the ability of a conventional patient complaint-driven approach to that of nucleic-acid amplification testing (NAAT) of urine to identify those individuals among an adult, urban, Emergency Department (ED) population infected with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Urine for NAAT was collected for testing after individuals had completed a questionnaire and before being seen by a physician. A total of 614 subjects were enrolled, and complete physical examinations were performed on 348 (56.6%) individuals, with women being significantly more likely to receive such an evaluation (odds ratio [OR] 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96-4.86); p < 0.001). A total of 153 (24.9%) of the study cohort tested positive for a least one sexually transmitted disease (STD), and only a reported history of STD (OR 1.74; 95% CI (1.18-2.57); p = 0.005) and a history of a new sexual partner in the last 3 months (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.13-2.82); p = 0.012) were predictive of a positive STD test. NAAT of urine samples on patients who did not receive a complete physical examination resulted in a 33% (51/153) increase in diagnostic yield in this cohort of ED attendees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5057, USA.
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Kevan L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothers
authors.forename: Michelle H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Biros
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cartwright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D010808:Physical Examination; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014245:Trichomonas Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D055815:Young Adult