Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C in chronic kidney diseases: meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease and the detrimental role of HCV on survival is well-established in this population. Several authors have reported on efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C in this polulation but there is no clear consensus on management. To evaluate efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease, we performed a systematic review of the published medical literature and completed a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. The primary outcome was sustained virological response (as a measure of efficacy); the secondary outcome was drop-out rate (as a measure of tolerability). We used the random effects model of Der Simonian and Laird, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. We identified 13 studies including 539 unique patients; 10 (76.9%) concerned patients on maintenance dialysis. Only prospective, controlled clinical trials were included. Pooling of study results showed a significant increase of viral response in study (patients treated with antiviral therapy) than control patients (patients who did not receive therapy), the pooled odds ratio (OR) of failure to obtain a sustained viral response was 0.081 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.029-0.230], P = 0.0001. The pooled OR of drop-out rate was significantly increased in study vs control patients, OR = 0.389 (95% CI, 0.155-0.957), P = 0.04. The studies were heterogeneous with regard to viral response and drop-out rate. In the subset of clinical trials (n = 6) involving only dialysis patients receiving interferon (IFN) monotherapy for chronic HCV, there was a significant difference in the risk of failure to obtain a sustained viral response (study vs control patients), OR = 0.054 (95% CI, 0.019; 0.150), P = 0.0001 (random-effects model). No significant (NS) heterogeneity was found (Q = 14.604, P = 1.0). No difference in the drop-out rate between study and control patients was shown, OR = 0.920 (95% CI, 0.367; 2.311), NS. This result being homogeneous (Q = 3.639, P = 0.388). Our meta-analysis showed that the viral response was greater in patients with chronic kidney disease who received antiviral therapy than controls. No difference in the drop-out rate between study and control patients occurred in the subgroup of dialysis patients on IFN monotherapy. These results support IFN-based therapy for hepatitis C in patients on maintenance dialysis.
Fabrizi
F
F
Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Maggiore Hospital, IRCCS Foundation, Milano, Italy. fabrizi@policlinico.mi.it
Ganeshan
S V
SV
Lunghi
G
G
Messa
P
P
Martin
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
D000998:Antiviral Agents