title: Twenty-four-hour analysis of elevated energy expenditure after physical activity in a metabolic chamber: models of daily total energy expenditure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Institute of Medicine proposed that 15% of energy expenditure (EE) as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption should be added to additional physical activity energy expenditure (DeltaPAEE) to estimate total EE. However, the magnitude of elevated post-physical activity energy expenditure (EPEE) under normal daily living conditions has not been examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of EPEE on 24-h EE by modeling standard living conditions in a metabolic chamber.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven Japanese men completed three 24-h metabolic chamber measurements: a control day (C-day), a day with high-frequency moderate-intensity physical activity (M-day), and a day with high-frequency vigorous-intensity physical activity (V-day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/- SD) 24-h EE for the C-day, the M-day, and the V-day was 2228 +/- 143 kcal, 2816 +/- 197 kcal, and 2813 +/- 163 kcal, respectively. No significant difference was observed in 24-h EE between an M-day and a V-day. Mean EPEEs on the M-day and the V-day did not significantly contribute to increasing 24-h EE. Relative EPEEs to DeltaPAEEs were 6.2 +/- 13.9% (M-day) and 5.1 +/- 9.2% (V-day). However, EPEE/24-h EE was negatively correlated with maximal oxygen uptake on the V-day (r = -0.68, P = 0.02), although no significant correlation between these variables was observed on the M-day (r = -0.41, P = 0.21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that EPEE has a small effect on 24-h EE in the course of normal daily activities, findings that do not support the proposition by the Institute of Medicine for estimating TEE. However, persons with low physical fitness levels could enhance EE as EPEE by increasing vigorous-intensity daily physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. ohkawara@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkawara
authors.forename: Shigeho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa-Takata
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology