title: Size-separated sampling and analysis of isocyanates in workplace aerosols--Part II: aging of aerosols from thermal degradation of polyurethane.
abstract: A new type of isocyanate sampler has been used to investigate aging aerosols generated during thermal degradation of polyurethane (PUR). The sampler consists of a denuder connected in series with a three-stage cascade impactor and a filter. The denuder collects gas-phase isocyanates. The three impactor stages had cut-off diameters (d(50)) of 2.5, 1.0 and 0.5 mum, respectively. The end filter collects particles <0.5 mum. For derivatization of isocyanates in the sampler, di-n-butylamine mixed with an equimolar amount of acetic acid was used for impregnation of the sampler stages. Consecutive sampling using three denuder-impactor samplers was performed in a test chamber, with a total sampling time of 9 min. Analysis of air samples was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. Particle size measurements were performed using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). A time-dependent behavior was observed for aromatic diisocyanates during aging of the aerosol. Thermal degradation of different PUR materials showed different distribution of isocyanates between gas and particles. Aromatic diisocyanates (toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) were initially in gas phase and associated to very small particles. After a few minutes most of these isocyanates were associated with particles <1 mum. Monoisocyanates and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were not found to be associated with particles.
authors.affiliation: Work Environment Chemistry, Stockholm University, PO Box 460, S-281 24 Hässleholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahlin
authors.forename: Mårten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spanne
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalene
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skarping
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D017953:Isocyanates; D011140:Polyurethanes