title: Role and prognostic significance of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptor DR5 in nonsmall-cell lung cancer and precursor lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor, DR5, mediates proapoptotic signals and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many neoplasms including nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, immunohistochemical expression of DR5 was examined in 146 cases of stage I and II NSCLC as well as neoplastic precursor lesions and regional lymph node metastases using tissue microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High DR5 expression was observed in 67.1% of primary NSCLC, 55.6% of bronchial squamous carcinoma in situ, 40% of squamous metaplasia, as well as 76.5% of lymph node metastases. In all of these lesions, DR5 expression was significantly higher than in normal bronchial epithelium. Increased expression of DR5 correlated with poorly differentiated tumors and was inversely correlated with bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. There was no correlation with other clinicopathologic variables. A significant association was found between high DR5 expression and reduced overall survival in univariate analysis. Among smokers, high DR5 and tumor stage were independent predictors of reduced disease-free survival in multivariate analysis, however, DR5 was not an independent prognostic marker among the entire cohort of NSCLC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that DR5 plays a role in the development of early-stage NSCLC and the high levels of DR5 expression suggest that these tumors may be susceptible to novel anticancer agents targeting the DR5 receptor and may improve patient survival, particularly for patients who are smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. wendy.cooper@email.cs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Maija R J
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kohonen-Corish
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCaughan
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Screaton
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: C-Soon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand