title: The role of tandem acyl carrier protein domains in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.
abstract: Acyl carrier protein (ACP) plays an essential role in fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, and most of the fatty acid synthases (FASs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs) known to date are characterized with a single ACP for each cycle of chain elongation. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis is catalyzed by the PUFA synthase, and all PUFA synthases known to date contain tandem ACPs (ranging from 5 to 9). Using the Pfa PUFA synthase from Shewanella japonica as a model system, we report here that these tandem ACPs are functionally equivalent regardless of their physical location within the PUFA synthase subunit, but the total number of ACPs controls the overall PUFA titer. These findings set the stage to interrogate other domains and subunits of PUFA synthase for their roles in controlling the final PUFA products and could potentially be exploited to improve PUFA production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zirkle
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Van Lanen
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000213:Acyl Carrier Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D054889:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020592:Shewanella / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000213:Acyl Carrier Protein; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D054889:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II