title: Antimicrobial effectiveness of an herbal mouthrinse compared with an essential oil and a chlorhexidine mouthrinse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors investigated mouthrinses' antimicrobial effectiveness against predominant oral bacteria, as determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specifically, they evaluated an herbal mouthrinse, an essential oil rinse and a 0.12 percent chlorhexidine gluconate rinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors assessed the inhibitory effects of the three test agents against 40 oral bacteria at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 512 micrograms per millliter. They inoculated plates containing basal medium and the test agents with suspensions of the test species and incubated them anaerobically at 35 degrees C. The authors interpreted the MIC as the lowest concentration of the agent that completely inhibited the growth of the test species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The herbal mouthrinse inhibited the growth of most of the 40 test species. Compared with the essential oil mouthrinse, the herbal mouthrinse exhibited significantly lower MICs for Actinomyces species, periodontal pathogens Eubacterium nodatum, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella species, as well as the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. The chlorhexidine gluconate rinse had the lowest MICs compared with the essential oil rinse and the herbal rinse for all test species examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although less potent than the chlorhexidine gluconate rinse, the herbal rinse was more effective than the essential oil rinse in inhibiting the growth of oral bacteria in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that the herbal mouthrinse may provide oral health benefits by inhibiting the growth of periodontal and cariogenic pathogens. In vivo clinical testing is essential to confirm in vitro results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, Mass. 02115-3799, USA. ahaffajee@forsyth.org
authors.forename: Anne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Haffajee
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaskell
authors.forename: Sigmund S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Socransky
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine