title: Molecular mechanisms for discrete nitric oxide levels in cancer.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been invoked in nearly every normal and pathological condition associated with human physiology. In tumor biology, nitrogen oxides have both positive and negative affects as they have been implicated in both promoting and preventing cancer. Our work has focused on NO chemistry and how it correlates with cytotoxicity and cancer. Toward this end, we have studied both concentration- and time-dependent NO regulation of specific signaling pathways in response to defined nitrosative stress levels that may occur within the tumor microenvironment. Threshold levels of NO required for activation and stabilization of key proteins involved in carcinogenesis including p53, ERK, Akt and HIF have been identified. Importantly, threshold NO levels are further influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide, which can shift or attenuate NO-mediated signaling as observed in both tumor and endothelial cells. Our studies have been extended to determine levels of NO that are critical during angiogenic response through regulation of the anti-angiogenic agent thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and pro-angiogenic agent matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The quantification of redox events at the cellular level has revealed potential mechanisms that may either limit or potentiate tumor growth, and helped define the positive and negative function of nitric oxide in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ridnourl@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ridnour
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: Wilmarie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Flores-Santana
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambs
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wink
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide