title: Prediction of cyclosporine A blood levels: an application of the adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in assisting drug therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a procedure in which the levels of drugs are assayed in various body fluids with the aim of individualizing the dose of critical drugs, such as cyclosporine A. Cyclosporine A assays are performed in blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We proposed the use of the Takagi and Sugeno-type "adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system" (ANFIS) to predict the concentration of cyclosporine A in blood samples taken from renal transplantation patients. We implemented the ANFIS model using TDM data collected from 138 patients and 20 input parameters. Input parameters for the model consisted of concurrent use of drugs, blood levels, sampling time, age, gender, and dosing intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fuzzy modeling produced eight rules. The developed ANFIS model exhibited a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.045 with respect to the training data and an error of 0.057 with respect to the checking data in the MATLAB: environment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ANFIS can effectively assist physicians in choosing best therapeutic drug dose in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bahcesehir University, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sezer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gören
authors.forename: Adem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karahoca
authors.forename: Filiz Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Onat
authors.forename: M Zafer
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Gören
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine