title: Bio-electrosprayed multicellular zebrafish embryos are viable and develop normally.
abstract: Bio-electrosprays are rapidly emerging as a viable protocol for directly engineering living cells. This communication reports the bio-electrospraying of multicellular organisms, namely zebrafish embryos. The results demonstrate that the bio-electrospray protocol fails to induce any embryological perturbations. In addition to analysing overall embryo morphology, we use transgenic embryos that express green fluorescent protein in specific brain neurons to determine that neuronal numbers and organization are completely normal. These results demonstrate that the bio-electrospraying protocol does not interfere with the complex gene regulation and cell movements required for the development of a multicellular organism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan D W
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Suwan N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jayasinghe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005328:Fetal Viability / Q000502:physiology; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*