title: Gingival crevicular fluid PGE2, IL-1beta, t-PA, PAI-2 levels in type 2 diabetes and relationship with periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if type 2 diabetes mellitus increase gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease (DM), 17 otherwise healthy periodontally diseased patients (PD) and 17 systemically and periodontally healthy control subjects (H) were enrolled. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at six sites/tooth. GCF samples were analyzed by ELISA. Data were tested by statistical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DM group revealed lower IL-1beta levels than PD group (p<0.01). PGE(2), t-PA and PAI-2 levels were similar in DM and PD groups (p>0.05). PGE(2), t-PA levels were higher in DM and PD groups than H group (p<0.05). PAI-2 level was higher in DM group than H group (p<0.05). GCF total amount of PGE(2) in DM group exhibited significant correlations with all clinical periodontal measurements (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetes in this study seems not to increase GCF levels of the evaluated inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kardeşler
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: Başak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biyikoğlu
authors.forename: Sevki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetinkalp
authors.forename: Necil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kütükçüler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002747:Chlorpropamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D002747:Chlorpropamide; D015232:Dinoprostone; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; C111224:API 2; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides