title: Male and female development of delinquency during adolescence and early adulthood: a differential autoregressive model of delinquency using an overlapping cohort design.
abstract: Although it is well known that during adolescence the delinquent involvement of females is consistently less when compared to male involvement, it remains an important question whether the development of delinquency has a similar trajectory for both sexes. The main hypothesis tested is whether sex differences in delinquency, specifically growth, peak age, and decline, are constant. An autoregression model in continuous time, implemented as a structural equation model, is used for the description of the development of delinquency in males and females. The data are collected in an overlapping cohort design, and both within-person and between-persons data are integrated into a single model. The result shows that the involvement with delinquency over time is different for males and females. The main difference increases up to the age of 16, and decreases thereafter. The model indicates that both sexes reach the maximum in delinquency at the same age. It is concluded that males and females differ both in their start level at age 12 and in the amount of change with age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.a.landsheer@uu.nl
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Landsheer
authors.forename: Johan H L
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Oud
authors.forename: Cor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Dijkum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*