title: Mechanism of action of bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost in healthy subjects. A crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of 3 prostaglandin analogs, bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost, on aqueous dynamics in the same subjects and to compare techniques of assessing outflow facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study (double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized paired comparison, 4-period crossover).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy adult subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, or a placebo was administered to the left eye once a day in the evening for 7 days, after a minimum 4-week washout period between each session. Tonographic outflow facility was measured by Schiøtz tonography and pneumatonography on day 7. On day 8, the aqueous humor flow rate and fluorophotometric outflow facility were measured by fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated from the aqueous humor flow rate and outflow facility using the Goldmann equation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Facility of outflow, aqueous humor flow rate, intraocular pressure (IOP), and calculation of uveoscleral outflow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All medications lowered IOP relative to a placebo. None of the drugs affected aqueous humor production. All medications increased outflow facility compared with placebo when measured by Schiøtz and 2-minute pneumatonography (P< or =0.02); the apparent increase of outflow facility measured with fluorophotometry and 4-minute pneumatonography did not reach statistical significance. In contrast, uveoscleral outflow was significantly increased by all medications when calculated from 4-minute pneumatonography data, and fluorophotometry and Schiøtz data at higher episcleral venous pressures. The apparent increase found with 2-minute pneumatonography did not reach statistical significance. These differing results in the same patients indicate that differences in measurement techniques, and not differences in mechanism of action, explain previous conflicting published reports on the mechanism of action of the prostaglandins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost have similar mechanisms of action. All 3 drugs reduce IOP without significantly affecting the aqueous production rate. All drugs increase aqueous humor outflow, either by enhancing the pressure-sensitive (presumed trabecular) outflow pathway or by increasing the pressure-insensitive (uveoscleral) outflow, but the assessment of the amount of flow through each pathway depends upon the measurement technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: K Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Cherie B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nau
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Toris
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015590:Fluorophotometry; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008055:Lipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D000069557:Travoprost; D014690:Venous Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008055:Lipids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D003008:Cloprostenol; D000077338:Latanoprost; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D000069557:Travoprost