title: Inhibition of oral carcinogenesis by citrus flavonoids.
abstract: Six citrus flavonoids were tested for antineoplastic activity. The hamster cheek pouch model was utilized, and the solutions of the flavonoids (2.0-2.5%) and the solution of the carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (0.5%), were applied topically to the pouches. The pouches of the positive controls were treated with the solvent used to dissolve the flavonoids and the solution of the carcinogen. The data show that 4 flavonoids (hesperetin, neohesperidin, tangeretin, and nobiletin) were inactive. The results with naringin and naringenin show that both of these flavonoids significantly lowered tumor number [5.00 (control group), 2.53 (naringin group), and 3.25 (naringenin group)]. Naringin also significantly reduced tumor burden [269 mm(3)(control group) and 77.1 mm(3)(naringin group)]. The data suggest that naringin and naringenin, 2 flavonoids found in high concentrations in grapefruit, may be able to inhibit the development of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA. limonoids@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: T Campbell
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bourland
authors.forename: Samuel E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Bhimanagouda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006224:Cricetinae; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; C008661:nobiletin; D006569:Hesperidin; C005273:naringenin; C059006:tangeretin; C005274:naringin; C013015:hesperetin