title: HIV infection, sexual risk behavior, and substance use among Latino gay and bisexual men and transgender persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined HIV prevalence and the socioeconomic correlates of HIV infection, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use among Latino gay and bisexual men and transgender persons in Chicago and San Francisco.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from a sample of 643 individuals (Chicago: n=320; San Francisco: n=323) through respondent-driven sampling and computer-assisted self-administered interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV prevalence in San Francisco (0.325; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.260, 0.393) was higher than in Chicago (0.112; 95% CI=0.079, 0.163). In San Francisco, HIV prevalence was higher among US-born residents than among those born outside the country; in Chicago, the opposite was true. Heavy use of alcohol was prevalent, especially in Chicago (0.368; 95% CI=0.309, 0.432; San Francisco: 0.154; 95% CI=0.116, 0.192). Drug use and more education were positively correlated and greater age was negatively correlated with unprotected anal intercourse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavy alcohol drinking and use of drugs remain a significant public health problem in this population. Drug use was more closely linked to HIV sexual risk behaviors than was heavy drinking.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, 1603 W Taylor St (M/C 923), Chicago, IL 60612-4394, USA. valles@uic.edu
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Valles
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Heckathorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001727:Bisexuality; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014189:Transsexualism