title: Testing the validity of a translated pharmaceutical therapy-related quality of life instrument, using qualitative 'think aloud' methodology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In pharmacy practice, there is a need for valid and reliable instruments to study patient-reported outcomes. One potential candidate is a pharmaceutical therapy-related quality of life (PTRQoL) instrument. This study explored the face and content validity, including cognitive aspects of question answering of a PTRQoL instrument, translated from English to Swedish.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 16 customers at Swedish community pharmacies, was asked to fill in the PTRQoL instrument while constantly reporting how they reasoned. The resulting interviews and concurrent probing, were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using constant comparison method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between the measurement and its theoretical underpinning was challenged. Respondents neglected to read the instructions, used response options in an unpredictable way, and varied in their interpretations of the items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of 'think-aloud', retrospective probing and qualitative analysis informed on the validity of the PTRQoL instrument and was valuable in questionnaire development. The study also identified specific problems that could be relevant for other instruments probing patients' medicines-related attitudes and behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. tobias.renberg@farmaci.uu.se
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Renberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kettis Lindblad
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tully
mesh_terms: D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating