title: Phosphorus availability influences elemental uptake in the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices, as revealed by particle-induced X-ray emission analysis.
abstract: We investigated element accumulation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Fungal spores and mycelia growing in monoxenic cultures were analyzed. The elemental composition was quantified using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with scanning transmission ion microscopy. In the spores, Ca and Fe were associated mainly with the spore wall, while P and K showed patchy distributions and their concentrations were correlated. Excess of P in the hyphal growth medium increased the P and Si concentrations in spores and increased the K/Ca ratio in spores. Increased P availability decreased the concentration of Zn and Mn in spores. We concluded that the availability of P influences the uptake and accumulation of several elements in spores. It is demonstrated that PIXE analysis is a powerful tool for quantitative analysis of elemental accumulation in fungal mycelia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Ecology and Systematics, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. pal_axel.olsson@ekol.lu.se
authors.forename: Pål Axel
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Edith C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wallander
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallon
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014131:Trace Elements; D010758:Phosphorus; D007501:Iron; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium