title: Long-term course of binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa: relevance for nosology and diagnostic criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the twelve-year outcome of binge eating disorder (BED) in 68 female inpatients compared to bulimia nervosa, purging type (BN-P; N = 196).
  
  
  METHODS
  Self and expert ratings focused on the beginning of therapy and the 12-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36% of BED and 28.2% of BN-P patients still received an eating disorder diagnosis at follow-up. Differences between groups were small (Eating Disorder Inventory, Structured Inventory for Anorexic and Bulimic Syndromes, Hopkins Symptom Checklist, Beck Depression Inventory). Similar predictors for BED and BN-P were identified. Psychiatric comorbidity was the predominant predictor of poor outcome in both diagnoses. Predictors for BED outcome were body dissatisfaction, sexual abuse, and impulsivity; self-injury predicted BN-P outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Course, outcome, and mortality were similar for BED and BN-P. Both disorders had psychiatric comorbidity as the main predictor of outcome, and there was a diagnostic shift between BED and BN-P over time, pointing to their nosological proximity. Data are relevant for the formulation of DSM-V and ICD-11 diagnostic criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Germany. mfichter@schoen-kliniken.de
authors.forename: Manfred M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quadflieg
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hedlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome