title: Genetic analyses reveal independent domestication origins of Eurasian reindeer.
abstract: Although there is little doubt that the domestication of mammals was instrumental for the modernization of human societies, even basic features of the path towards domestication remain largely unresolved for many species. Reindeer are considered to be in the early phase of domestication with wild and domestic herds still coexisting widely across Eurasia. This provides a unique model system for understanding how the early domestication process may have taken place. We analysed mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellites in domestic and wild herds throughout Eurasia to address the origin of reindeer herding and domestication history. Our data demonstrate independent origins of domestic reindeer in Russia and Fennoscandia. This implies that the Saami people of Fennoscandia domesticated their own reindeer independently of the indigenous cultures in western Russia. We also found that augmentation of local reindeer herds by crossing with wild animals has been common. However, some wild reindeer populations have not contributed to the domestic gene pool, suggesting variation in domestication potential among populations. These differences may explain why geographically isolated indigenous groups have been able to make the technological shift from mobile hunting to large-scale reindeer pastoralism independently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146, Departmental Division, 0033 Oslo, Norway. knut.roed@veths.no
authors.forename: Knut H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Røed
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Flagstad
authors.forename: Mauri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Holand
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Røv
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vilà
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D012053:Reindeer / Q000235:genetics*; D012426:Russia
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial