title: Metacognitive beliefs in primary insomnia: developing and validating the Metacognitions Questionnaire--Insomnia (MCQ-I).
abstract: Patients with Primary insomnia often experience intrusive, worrisome cognitive activity in the pre-sleep period. Metacognitive beliefs may explain this yet no valid reliable scale exists. The present study, therefore, developed the Metacognitions Questionnaire--Insomnia (MCQ-I). Following initial metacognitive insomnia profiling interviews, item refinement produced a preliminary 60-item MCQ-I. This was administered to 34 primary insomniacs and 37 normal sleepers. Psychometric data indicate primary insomniac patients score significantly higher than normal sleepers on MCQ-I. Test-retest reliability is good. Face, concurrent, construct and discriminant validity, scale sensitivity and specificity are all acceptable. Further research with larger primary insomnia and normal sleeper samples is now required.
authors.affiliation: University of Glasgow Sleep Research Laboratory, Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waine
authors.forename: Niall M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Broomfield
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banham
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Espie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*