title: Toward fish and seafood traceability: anchovy species determination in fish products by molecular markers and support through a public domain database.
abstract: Traceability in the fish food sector plays an increasingly important role for consumer protection and confidence building. This is reflected by the introduction of legislation and rules covering traceability on national and international levels. Although traceability through labeling is well established and supported by respective regulations, monitoring and enforcement of these rules are still hampered by the lack of efficient diagnostic tools. We describe protocols using a direct sequencing method based on 212-274-bp diagnostic sequences derived from species-specific mitochondria DNA cytochrome b, 16S rRNA, and cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences which can efficiently be applied to unambiguously determine even closely related fish species in processed food products labeled "anchovy". Traceability of anchovy-labeled products is supported by the public online database AnchovyID ( http://anchovyid.jrc.ec.europa.eu), which provided data obtained during our study and tools for analytical purposes.
authors.affiliation: Département Sciences et Techniques Alimentaires Marines, IFREMER, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, B. P. 21105, F44037 Nantes Cedex 03, France. Marc.Jerome@ifremer.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jérôme
authors.forename: Jann Thorsten
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Martinsohn
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carreau
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verrez-Bagnis
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mouchel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D030561:Databases, Nucleic Acid; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D005519:Food Preservation; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D004247:DNA