title: [Reproduction of the murine endotoxin shock model in D-galactosamine-sensitized KunMing mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reproduce a Kunming murine endotoxin shock model suitable for the anti-endotoxin pharmaceutical research.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kunming mice were challenged with an intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of different doses of D-galactosamine (D-Gal) and endotoxin (LPS) and divided into 10 groups: i.e, group 1 [with injection of isotonic saline solution (NS) and LPS]; group 2 (with injection of NS and 90mg/kg LPS), group 3 (with injection of NS and 500mg/kg D-Gal), group 4 (with injection of 500mg/kgD-Gal and 25 microg /kg LPS), group 5 (with injection of 500mg/kg D-Gal and 50 microg/kg LPS), group 6(with injection of 500mg/kg D-Gal and 250 microg/kg LPS), group 7( with injection of NS and 600mg/ kg D-Gal), group 8 (with injection of 600mg/kg D-Gal and 10 microg/kg LPS), group 9( with injection of 600mg/kg D-Gal and 25 microg/kg LPS), group 10 (with injection of 600mg/kg D-Gal and 50 microg/kg LPS). The death of the mice were observed and the mortality rate was recorded at 48 post-injection hour (PIH). The dose of D-Gal and LPS which caused 100% lethality was chosen for the subsequent experiment to serve as control group (with injection of NS and 600mg/kg D-Gal), LPS group (with injection of 600mg/kg D-Gal and 580mg/kg LPS for later experiment). The venous blood of the mice were collected for the detection of serum content of TNF-alpha with ELISA method at 30, 75 and 120 post-injection minutes (PIM). The tissues of lung, liver, intestine were also harvested at 5 PIH for the pathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lethality of mice was 100% in the groups 2, 6 and 10 (P < 0.01). The serum content of TNF-alpha was maintained in a low level in control group, but it increased remarkably in LPS group, and it reached peak at 75 PIM (6365 +/- 2087ng/L, P < 0.01). Obvious inflammatory reaction was observed in the lung, liver and intestine in LPS group, while only mild inflammatory reaction was observed in liver in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Kunming mice showed signs of endotoxin shock after D-galactosamine presensitizing and endotoxin challenge, and it is suitable for anti-endotoxin pharmaceutical research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Burn Research ,Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Fu
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guang-Xia
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jian-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Pei-Yuan
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005688:Galactosamine