title: Anatomy-based inverse planning simulated annealing optimization in high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy: significant dosimetric advantage over other optimization techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform an independent validation of an anatomy-based inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) algorithm in obtaining superior target coverage and reducing the dose to the organs at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a recent prostate high-dose-rate brachytherapy protocol study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (0321), our institution treated 20 patients between June 1, 2005 and November 30, 2006. These patients had received a high-dose-rate boost dose of 19 Gy to the prostate, in addition to an external beam radiotherapy dose of 45 Gy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Three-dimensional dosimetry was obtained for the following optimization schemes in the Plato Brachytherapy Planning System, version 14.3.2, using the same dose constraints for all the patients treated during this period: anatomy-based IPSA optimization, geometric optimization, and dose point optimization. Dose-volume histograms were generated for the planning target volume and organs at risk for each optimization method, from which the volume receiving at least 75% of the dose (V(75%)) for the rectum and bladder, volume receiving at least 125% of the dose (V(125%)) for the urethra, and total volume receiving the reference dose (V(100%)) and volume receiving 150% of the dose (V(150%)) for the planning target volume were determined. The dose homogeneity index and conformal index for the planning target volume for each optimization technique were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite suboptimal needle position in some implants, the IPSA algorithm was able to comply with the tight Radiation Therapy Oncology Group dose constraints for 90% of the patients in this study. In contrast, the compliance was only 30% for dose point optimization and only 5% for geometric optimization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomy-based IPSA optimization proved to be the superior technique and also the fastest for reducing the dose to the organs at risk without compromising the target coverage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.
authors.forename: Dayee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raben
authors.forename: Abhirup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Jimm
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011874:Radiometry; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*