title: Atrial fibrillation as a nonpsychiatric predictor of delirium after cardiac surgery: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of cardiac surgery and the occurrence of postoperative complications, including arrhythmias, low-output syndrome, delirium, and death. The aim was to evaluate its direct influence on prognosis of patients subjected to cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a pilot study of the CODACS trial (COnsciousness Disorders After Cardiac Surgery). Two hundred sixty patients admitted for open-heart surgery were prospectively included in the study. Preoperative AF was diagnosed on the basis of multiple electrocardiographic examinations and confirmed by 24-h Holter monitoring. Diagnosis of delirium following surgical intervention was based on DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative AF was diagnosed in 23 patients (8.8%): in 15 patients in the nondelirious group (7%) and 8 (27.0%) in the delirious group. Preoperative AF was an independent predictor of postoperative delirium (p<0.001), increasing its risk of occurrence over sevenfold (OR=7.2). AF also increased the risk of such postoperative complications as supraventricular arrhythmia (AF: 78.3% vs. non-AF: 22.8%, p<0.001), stroke (8.7% vs. 1.3%, p<0.001), and low-output syndrome (21.7% vs. 17.3%, p=0.033) and worsened prognosis, significantly increasing the risk of death (8.7% vs. 0.8%, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative AF was an independent risk factor of postoperative delirium (OR=7.2). It was also associated with significantly worse postoperative outcome (supraventricular arrhythmia, stroke, low-output syndrome, and risk of death). These results and data from available studies suggest that preoperative AF should be considered as an important predictor of postoperative outcome. This problem should be the subject of future research to establish beneficial treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, 1st Chair of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. maciejbanach@aol.co.uk
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banach
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kazmierski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowman
authors.forename: Piotr K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Okonski
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sobow
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kloszewska
authors.forename: Dimitri P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Mikhailidis
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goch
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banys
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rysz
authors.forename: Jan Henryk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Goch
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaszewski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003693:Delirium / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome