Dietary berries and ellagic acid diminish estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis in ACI rats.
Estrogen acts as a complete mammary carcinogen in ACI rats. Prevention studies in this model allowed us to identify agents that are effective against estrogen-induced mammary carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated efficacy of dietary berries and ellagic acid to reduce estrogen-mediated mammary tumorigenesis. Female ACI rats (8-9 wk) were fed either AIN-93M diet (n = 25) or diet supplemented with either powdered blueberry (n = 19) and black raspberry (n = 19) at 2.5% wt/wt each or ellagic acid (n = 22) at 400 ppm. Animals received implants of 17beta-estradiol 2 wk later, were palpated periodically for mammary tumors, and were euthanized after 24 wk. No differences were found in tumor incidence at 24 wk; however, tumor volume and multiplicity were reduced significantly after intervention. Compared with the control group (average tumor volume = 685 +/- 240 mm3 and tumor multiplicity = 8.0 +/- 1.3), ellagic acid reduced the tumor volume by 75% (P < 0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 44% (P < 0.05). Black raspberry followed closely, with tumor volume diminished by > 69% (P < 0.005) and tumor multiplicity by 37% (P = 0.07). Blueberry showed a reduction (40%) only in tumor volume. This is the first report showing the significant efficacy of both ellagic acid and berries in the prevention of solely estrogen-induced mammary tumors.
Aiyer
Harini S
HS
Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
Srinivasan
Cidambi
C
Gupta
Ramesh C
RC
D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D013997:Time Factors
D004610:Ellagic Acid; D004958:Estradiol