title: Utilization and outcomes of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demand for minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) to treat prostate cancer is increasing; however, outcomes remain unclear. We assessed utilization, complications, lengths of stay, and salvage therapy rates for MIRP versus open radical prostatectomy assessed whether MIRP surgeon volume is associated with better outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 2,702 men undergoing MIRP and open radical prostatectomy during 2003 to 2005 from a national 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We assessed the association between surgical approach and outcomes, adjusting for surgeon volume, age, race, comorbidity, and geographic region.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIRP utilization increased from 12.2% in 2003 to 31.4% in 2005. Men undergoing MIRP versus open radical prostatectomy had fewer perioperative complications (29.8% v 36.4%; P = .002) and shorter lengths of stay (1.4 v 4.4 days; P < .001); however, they were more likely to receive salvage therapy (27.8% v 9.1%, P < .001). In adjusted analyses, MIRP versus open radical prostatectomy was associated with fewer perioperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.90), shorter lengths of stay (parameter estimate, -2.99; 95% CI, -3.45 to -2.53) but more anastomotic strictures (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.87) and higher rates of salvage therapy (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 2.81 to 4.81). Patients of high-volume MIRP experienced fewer anastomotic strictures (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.99) and less salvage therapy (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men undergoing MIRP versus open radical prostatectomy have lower risk for perioperative complications and shorter lengths of stay, but are at higher risk for salvage therapy and anastomotic strictures. However, risk for these unfavorable outcomes decreases with increasing MIRP surgical volume.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jhu2@partners.org
authors.forename: Jim C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chris L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pashos
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome