title: Antioxidative and apoptotic properties of polyphenolic extracts from edible part of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) on cultured rat hepatocytes and on human hepatoma cells.
abstract: Cultured rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of polyphenolic extracts from the edible part of artichoke (AE). The hepatocytes were exposed to H2O2generated in situ by glucose oxidase and were treated with either AE, or pure chlorogenic acid (ChA) or with the well known antioxidant, N, N'-diphenyl-p-phenilenediamine (DPPD). Addition of glucose oxidase to the culture medium caused depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cultures, as a lipid peroxidation indicator, and cell death. These results demonstrated that AE protected cells from the oxidative stress caused by glucose oxidase, comparable to DPPD. Furthermore, AE, as well as ChA, prevented the loss of total GSH and the accumulation of MDA. Treatment of HepG2 cells for 24 h with AE reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, however, ChA had no prominent effects on the cell death rate. Similarly, AE rather than ChA induced apoptosis, measured by flow cytometric analysis of annexin and by activation of caspase-3, in HepG2 cells. Our findings indicate that AE had a marked antioxidative potential that protects hepatocytes from an oxidative stress. Furthermore, AE reduced cell viability and had an apoptotic activity on a human liver cancer cell line.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. miccadei@ifo.it
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miccadei
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Venere
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Durazzo
authors.forename: Maria Stella
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Foddai
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraioli
authors.forename: Sohrab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mobarhan
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C004845:N,N'-diphenyl-4-phenylenediamine; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D053148:Caspase 3