title: The up-regulation of 14-3-3 proteins in Smad4 deficient epidermis and hair follicles at catagen.
abstract: Each postnatal hair follicle (HF) perpetually goes through three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. The molecular signals that orchestrate the follicular transition between phases are still largely unknown. Our previous study shows that the keratinocyte specific Smad4 knockout mice exhibit progressive alopecia due to the mutant HFs failure to undergo programmed regression. To investigate the detailed molecular events controlling this process, the protein profiles of Smad4 mutant and control epidermal and HF keratinocytes were compared using 2-D difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) proteomic analysis. Eighty-six differentially expressed protein spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS or ESI-MS/MS as 72 proteins, of which 29 proteins were found to be changed during the anagen-catagen transition of HFs in Smad4 mutants compared with the controls. The differentially expressed proteins represent a wide spectrum of functional classes such as keratin, the cytoskeleton, cellular growth and differentiation, ion combination and transfer, protein enzymes. Notably, we found that the 14-3-3sigma protein together with the 14-3-3zeta and 14-3-3beta proteins were significantly down-regulated only in wild-type keratinocytes but not in Smad4 mutant keratinocytes during the catagen phase, suggesting that increased expression of 14-3-3 proteins might contribute to the blockade of catagen initiation in Smad4 deficient HFs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Cunzhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wantao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Zhishang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Linyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000505:Alopecia / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; D051901:Smad4 Protein