title: Sleep disorders occur very early in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent data suggest that sleep disorders may be common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and patients with pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of sleep disorders in CKD, its association to kidney function and related factors is still unclear. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with recent diagnosis of CKD and to assess the relation with indices of kidney function, PTH, anemia, blood pressure status, antihypertensive drug(s) and other comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized questionnaire, Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ) was administered to 124 patients within 4 weeks of first diagnosis of CKD. Blood samples were analyzed to assess kidney function and related variables. Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to index the number of associated diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these patients 89.5% reported some sleep disorders (subclinical or insomnia). Prevalence of sleep disorders was not associated with age, creatinine plasma concentration, urea, predicted creatinine clearance, uric acid, PTH, blood pressure status, use of antihypertensive drugs, anemia, and comorbidities. Poor sleep is highly prevalent in early CKD patients. Prevalence of sleep disorders in CKD was not associated with factors considered responsible for sleep disorders in maintenance hemodialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data are in good keeping with findings in narrative studies in ESRD pointing out that the time of diagnosis is a crucial and disrupting moment in the life of patients since they are made aware of significant future personal changes due to a chronic illness.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici, Salito Scudillo 20, La Collinetta, Naples, Italy. bluetoblue@libero.it
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: Marilú
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartiromo
authors.forename: Concetta Maria
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cesare
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires