title: Inflammatory cytokine responses to synthetic extracellular matrix injection to the vocal fold lamina propria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined cytokine profiles for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta after injection of a synthetic extracellular matrix into the vocal fold lamina propria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcript expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 10, and 21 in 25 rabbits that underwent bilateral vocal fold biopsy with Extracel-LG (Carbylan-GSX 5%) immediately injected into the wound in the left vocal fold and saline solution injected into the wound in the right vocal fold. Two unwounded normal rabbit larynges were also harvested for controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 were measured on day 3 in a comparison between Extracel-LG-injected vocal folds and saline solution-injected control vocal folds and between Extracel-LG-injected vocal folds and normal vocal folds. All cytokine levels returned to baseline by day 21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mild short-term inflammatory response was measured early after injection of a synthetic extracellular matrix into the vocal fold lamina propria.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison 53792-7375, USA.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Thibeault
authors.forename: Suzy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duflo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007267:Injections; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C513409:carbylan-GSX; D005780:Gelatin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid