title: Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in functional dyspepsia in different doses and compared with placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a controlled, prospective, randomized, and double blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with functional dyspepsia, divided into three groups with 44 individuals in each group (placebo, 16mg, or 40mg astaxanthin, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were asked to accept gastroscopy before treatment, together with questionnaires: GSRS and SF-36. Urea breath test (UBT) was done before the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant astaxanthin at two doses regimens compared to placebo should ameliorate gastrointestinal discomfort measured as GSRS in patients with functional dyspepsia, who were either positive or negative for Helicobacter pylori, after 4 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of therapy (week 4) no difference between the three treatment groups was observed regarding mean Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores of abdominal pain, indigestion and reflux syndromes. The same results were observed at the end of follow-up. However reduction of reflux syndrome before treatment to week 4 was significantly pronounced in the higher (40mg) dose compared to the other treatment groups (16mg and placebo, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, no curative effect of astaxanthin was found in functional dyspepsia patients. Significantly greater reduction of reflux symptoms were detected in patients treated with the highest dose of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin. The response was more pronounced in H. pylori-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Kaunas University of Medicine, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. limas.kupcinskas@kmu.lt
authors.forename: Limas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kupcinskas
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lafolie
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lignell
authors.forename: Gediminas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiudelis
authors.forename: Laimas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonaitis
authors.forename: Kestutis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adamonis
authors.forename: Leif Percival
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Torkel
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wadström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024341:Xanthophylls; C005948:astaxanthine