title: Selected physical and chemical properties of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extracts important for formulated product quality and performance.
abstract: The objectives of this research are: (1) to assess selected formulation-relevant physical properties of several commercial Feverfew extracts, including flowability, hygroscopicity, compressibility and compactibility (2) to develop and validate a suitable extraction method and HPLC assay, and (3) to determine the parthenolide content of several commercial Feverfew extracts. Carr's index, minimum orifice diameter and particle-particle interaction were used to evaluate powder flowability. Hygroscopicity was evaluated by determining the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) after storage at various % relative humidities. Heckle analysis and compression pressure-radial tensile strength relationship were used to represent compression and compaction properties of feverfew extracts. An adapted analytical method was developed based on literature methods and then validated for the determination of parthenolide in feverfew. The commercial extracts tested exhibited poor to very poor flowability. The comparatively low mean yield pressure suggested that feverfew extracts deformed mainly plastically. Hygroscopicity and compactibility varied greatly with source. No commercial feverfew extracts tested contained the label claimed parthenolide. Even different batches from the same manufacturer showed significantly different parthenolide content. Therefore, extract manufactures should commit to proper quality control procedures that ensure accurate label claims, and supplement manufacturers should take into account possible differences in physico-chemical properties when using extracts from multiple suppliers.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madieh
authors.forename: Larry L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Augsburger
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006244:Hardness; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders; D012995:Solubility; D020903:Tanacetum parthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D011208:Powders