title: Changes over time in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and use of lipid-lowering drugs in HIV-infected individuals and impact on myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because of the known relationship between exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy and cardiovascular disease (CVD), it has become increasingly important to intervene against risk of CVD in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. We evaluated changes in risk factors for CVD and the use of lipid-lowering therapy in HIV-infected individuals and assessed the impact of any changes on the incidence of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study is a collaboration of 11 cohorts of HIV-infected patients that included follow-up for 33,389 HIV-infected patients from December 1999 through February 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients at high risk of CVD increased from 35.3% during 1999-2000 to 41.3% during 2005-2006. Of 28,985 patients, 2801 (9.7%) initiated lipid-lowering therapy; initiation of lipid-lowering therapy was more common for those with abnormal lipid values and those with traditional risk factors for CVD (male sex, older age, higher body mass index [calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], family and personal history of CVD, and diabetes mellitus). After controlling for these, use of lipid-lowering drugs became relatively less common over time. The incidence of myocardial infarction (0.32 cases per 100 person-years [PY]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.35 cases per 100 PY) appeared to remain stable. However, after controlling for changes in risk factors for CVD, the rate decreased over time (relative rate in 2003 [compared with 1999-2000], 0.73 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.50-1.05 cases per 100 PY]; in 2004, 0.64 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.44-0.94 cases per 100 PY]; in 2005-2006, 0.36 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.24-0.56 cases per 100 PY]). Further adjustment for lipid levels attenuated the relative rates towards unity (relative rate in 2003 [compared with 1999-2000], 1.06 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.63-1.77 cases per 100 PY]; in 2004, 1.02 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.61-1.71 cases per 100 PY]; in 2005-2006, 0.63 cases per 100 PY [95% CI, 0.36-1.09 cases per 100 PY]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the CVD risk profile among patients in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study has decreased since 1999, rates have remained relatively stable, possibly as a result of a more aggressive approach towards managing the risk of CVD.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and UC Medical School, Rowland Hill St., London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. c.sabin@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: d'Arminio Monforte
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Friis-Moller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: El-Sadr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mercie
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wit
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lundgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents