title: Options for occupational health surveillance of workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles: state of the science.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Health authorities, employers, and worker representatives are increasingly faced with making decisions about occupational health surveillance of workers potentially exposed to engineered nanoparticles. This article was developed to identify options that can be considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  The published scientific literature on health effects from engineered and incidental nanoparticles and the principles of occupational health surveillance were reviewed to describe possible options and the evidence base for them.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Various options for occupational health surveillance were identified. The options ranged from no action targeted to nanotechnology workers to an approach that includes documentation of the presence of engineered nanoparticles, identification of potentially exposed workers, and general and targeted medical testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the first priority should be to implement appropriate primary preventive measures, additional efforts to monitor employee health may be warranted. Continued research is needed, and the collection of such information for exposure registries may be useful for future epidemiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. pas4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trout
authors.forename: Ralph D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Zumwalde
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuempel
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Halperin
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D009787:Occupational Medicine / Q000379:methods; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*