title: Prenatal organochlorine exposure and measures of behavior in infancy using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous literature suggests an association between organochlorines and behavioral measures in childhood, including inattention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess whether prenatal organochlorine exposure is associated with measures of attention in early infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated an association between cord serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) levels and measures of attention from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in a cohort of 788 infants born 1993-1998 to mothers residing near a PCB-contaminated harbor and Superfund site in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medians (ranges) for the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners and DDE levels were 0.19 (0.01-4.41) and 0.30 (0-10.29) ng/g serum, respectively. For the 542 subjects with an NBAS exam at 2 weeks, we observed consistent inverse associations between cord serum PCB and DDE levels and NBAS measures of alertness, quality of alert responsiveness, cost of attention, and other potential attention-associated measures including self-quieting and motor maturity. For example, the decrement in quality of alert responsiveness score was -0.51 (95% confidence interval, -0.99 to -0.03) for the highest quartile of exposure to the sum of four prevalent PCB congeners compared with the lowest quartile. We found little evidence for an association with infant orientation, habituation, and regulation of state, assessed as summary cluster measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence for an association between low-level prenatal PCB and DDE exposures and poor attention in early infancy. Further analyses will focus on whether organochlorine-associated decrements in attention and attention-related skills in infancy persist in later childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Channing Laboratory, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sharon.sagiv@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sagiv
authors.forename: J Kevin
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: T Berry
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Brazelton
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Paige E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Tolbert
authors.forename: Larisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Altshul
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Korrick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls