title: Locally elevated leukemia inhibitory factor in the inflamed fallopian tube resembles that found in tubal pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the expressions of leukemia inhibitory factor and the occurrence of tubal pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based obstetrics and gynecology hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty women undergoing salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy and 30 nonpregnant patients with benign uterine or appendix disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oviduct tissues with ectopic gestation were separated into implantation sites and nonimplantation sites. Samples of ampullary fallopian tubes during midsecretory phase were collected as control groups. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The differences of leukemia inhibitory factor expression between the implantation and nonimplantation sites of oviduct tissues and the normal and chronically inflamed fallopian tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in the implantation group is significantly higher than that in the nonimplantation group or in the normal group. A statistically significant difference was also found for leukemia inhibitory factor between the chronic inflammation group and the normal group by Western blot analysis but no difference between the chronic inflammation group and the implantation group or the nonimplantation group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leukemia inhibitory factor might be one of the reasons that cause patients with salpingitis to be more susceptible to tubal pregnancy and might be involved in the implantation process of tubal pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yin Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Li You
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kai Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ji Fen
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yi Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011274:Pregnancy, Tubal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D012488:Salpingitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C507837:LIF protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor