title: Hyperacute rejection after single lung transplantation: a case report.
abstract: Hyperacute rejection is a well-known complication in kidney and heart transplantations. However, its occurrence in lung transplantation is extremely rare, with only 4 cases previously described. A 53-year-old female patient blood type O with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent left lung transplantation. She had 2 negative pretransplantation evaluations for panel-reactive antibodies. One hour after the vascular clamps were released, progressive hypoxia developed. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an optimal bronchial anastomosis; an abundant pink frothy fluid was observed on the allograft side. Chest X ray sevealed a completely opacified left lung. Due to the low-compliance of the transplanted lung and the risk for native lung hyperinsufflation, independent mechanical ventilation was employed. Despite all measures, multiple organ failure developed and the patient died 24 hours after the procedure. A necropsy evaluation for confirmed the patency of all anastomoses and no signs of ischemia. Retrospectively, a new evaluation for panel-reactive antibodies was performed, with 24% reactivity. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch was negative, however, a flow cytometric analysis was positive for both HLA-I (56%) and HLA-II (45%). Further investigation detected an anti-A2 in the recipient serum and the donor had an A2 antigen. Hyperacute rejection is a rare posttransplantation complication highlighted by its precocity and lethality. With the increased number of lung transplantations performed yearly, it is believed that its incidence will also rise. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and familiarity with management strategies are fundamental.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Service and Lung Transplantation Unit, Pavilhao Pereira Filho/Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer-Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. jjcamargo@terra.com.br
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Jesus Peixoto Camargo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcantonio Camargo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcelo Schio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi Machuca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adélia Perin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000601:surgery; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous