title: Gypenosides induced G0/G1 arrest via inhibition of cyclin E and induction of apoptosis via activation of caspases-3 and -9 in human lung cancer A-549 cells.
abstract: Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino is known in Asia for its effect on the treatment of hepatitis and cardiovascular diseases. Gypenosides (Gyp) are the major components extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the Gyp-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic process is unclear. In this study, the chemopreventive role of Gyp in human lung cancer (A549) cells in vitro was evaluated by studying the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Gyp induced GO/G1 arrest and apoptosis in the human lung cancer A549 cells. Investigation of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitors by Western blotting showed that p16, p21, p27 and p53 proteins were increased with the increasing time of incubation with Gyp in the A549 cells. This increase may be the major factor by which Gyp caused GO/G1 arrest in the examined cells. Flow cytometric assay and gel electrophoresis of DNA fragmentation also confirmed that Gyp induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. Our data demonstrated that Gyp-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, but down-regulation of the Bcl-2 levels. Taken together, Gyp appears to exert its anticancer properties by inducing GO/GI-phase arrest and apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 in human lung A549 cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsu-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yi-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jai-Sing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jung-Chou
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kung-Wen
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Tsan-Hung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Kuo-Ching
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Guang-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D029774:Gynostemma; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019927:Cyclin E; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C474918:gypenoside; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9