title: Prognostic significance of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, and Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86-kD subunit expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity has been implicated in the survival of patients in several cancer types. However, little is known about the prognostic importance of the key DSB repair genes-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and the Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86-kD subunit (Ku80)-in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this issue, the authors determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of these genes in patients NSCLC and assessed their prognostic relevance.
  
  
  METHODS
  mRNA expression levels of ATM, DNA-PKcs, and Ku80 were measured in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 140 patients with NSCLC by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Then, a Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate the association between the tumor:normal (T/N) expression ratios of the 3 genes and the overall survival rate and duration in patients with NSCLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA expression of ATM and DNA-PKcs, but not of Ku80, was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P=.003 and P<.001, respectively). The high T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA-PKcs were associated significantly with a 1.82-fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.70) and a 2.13-fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.76), respectively. However, no significant association with risk was observed for Ku80. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that patients with high T/N expression ratios of ATM or DNA-PKcs had notably shorter median survival than patients with low ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings suggested that the T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA-PKcs may be useful for identifying NSCLC patients with a poor prognosis who may benefit from more aggressive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jinliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xifeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ara A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vaporciyan
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen