title: Cytokine network in rectal mucosa in perianal Crohn's disease: relations with inflammatory parameters and need for surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays anti-TNF-alpha antibodies are used for the treatment of perianal Crohn's disease (CD). Nevertheless, this treatment is effective in only a part of these patients and recent studies suggested a role for other cytokines in chronic bowel inflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the cytokine profile in the rectal mucosa of patients affected by perianal CD and to understand its relations with the systemic cytokine profile and inflammatory parameters and the need for surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients affected by perianal CD, 7 affected by CD without perianal involvement, and 17 healthy controls were enrolled and underwent blood sampling and endoscopy. During endoscopy rectal mucosal samples were taken and the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 beta, IL-12, and TGF-beta1 was quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Local cytokine levels were compared and correlated with diagnosis, therapy, phenotype (fistulizing and stenosing), and disease activity parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the group with perianal CD, rectal mucosal IL-1 beta, IL-6, and serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha were higher than in patients with small bowel CD and healthy controls. IL-12 and TGF-beta1 mucosal levels did not show any differences among the 3 groups. Mucosal IL-6 significantly correlated with the Perianal Crohn's Disease Activity Index and mucosal TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Mucosal TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta showed a direct correlation with the histological grade of disease activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cytokines network analysis in perianal CD shows the important involvement of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Furthermore, mucosal levels of IL-6 and IL-12 are predictors of recurrence and of need for surgery in perianal CD patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgica 1, Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy. cruffolo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruffolo
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faggian
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozza
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navaglia
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Incà
authors.forename: Pranvera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoxha
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Romanato
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polese
authors.forename: Giacomo Carlo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sturniolo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plebani
authors.forename: Davide Francesco
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Imerio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Angriman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012007:Rectum / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12