title: Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention.
abstract: This experiment examined whether the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention could be enhanced by the addition of social norms information. Southern California college students (N=125, predominantly female) were randomly assigned to either an appearance-based sun protection intervention that consisted of a photograph depicting underlying sun damage to their skin (UV photo) and information about photoaging or to a control condition. Those assigned to the intervention were further randomized to receive information about what one should do to prevent photoaging (injunctive norms information), information about the number of their peers who currently use regular sun protection (descriptive norms information), both injunctive and descriptive norms information, or neither type of norms information. The results demonstrated that those who received the UV photo/photoaging information intervention expressed greater sun protection intentions and subsequently reported greater sun protection behaviors than did controls. Further, the addition of both injunctive and descriptive norms information increased self-reported sun protection behaviors during the subsequent month.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, USA. hmahler@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Heike I M
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerrard
authors.forename: Frederick X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control*