title: Nutritional management of patients undergoing surgery following diagnosis with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms affect appetite and dietary intake. Adequate nutrition is especially important if surgical interventions are required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the nutritional management of 23 EPS patients that underwent surgical intervention between 1999 and 2005 at Manchester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  EPS was recognized by GI symptoms and diagnostically confirmed by laparotomy, computed tomographic scanning, or biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean time on PD was 74 months (interquartile range 42-89 months). During the 12 months pre-diagnosis, 65% of the group showed significant weight loss (p = 0.0001), with 8 patients losing >10% of body weight; 74% of patients experienced significant albumin decrease (p = 0.001); and 56% of patients experienced GI symptoms during the 6 months pre-diagnosis. Nasogastric (NG) feeding was recommended for 8 patients but continued in only 1. 15 patients (mean albumin 27 g/L) commenced parenteral nutrition (PN); 9 patients recovered, with albumin increasing over the 6-month follow-up. Mean hospital time was 62 days for the group receiving neither NG nor PN, compared with 124.3 for the PN/NG group (p = 0.04). In patients that died of EPS, albumin continued to fall at 3 months post-diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently little guidance for nutritional management of EPS. From this study we recommend (1) a high level of clinical suspicion for EPS, especially if PD patients have weight loss; (2) PN may be better than NG feeding but further studies into dual enteral nutrition and PN are needed; (3) aggressive nutritional supplementation pre- and postoperatively; and (4) dietitians need to recognize the high risk of refeeding syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Research, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Declan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jordaan
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alderdice
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Curwell
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Paul E C
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Brenchley
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Augustine
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000473:pathology*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006113:United Kingdom; D015431:Weight Loss