title: Cognitive failures as predictors of driving errors, lapses, and violations.
abstract: Dual-process models from the cognitive literature have proposed a taxonomy of cognitive failures in everyday activities, and this novel approach was applied to understanding driver behaviour. This framework was used to examine whether categories of cognitive failure would explain driving errors, driving lapses, and driving violations in a sample of undergraduates at a large urban university. Two types of cognitive failure were examined, one associated with missing affective information and the other associated with a failure to engage effortful processes to override an automatic response. Alexithymia was used as an indicator of missing affective information, and attention regulation, reactivity, and impulsivity were used as indicators of override failure. Relevant demographic variables included gender and hours typically driven. Override failures were significantly associated with driving behaviour in the correlational analyses. In the regression analyses, attention regulation predicted driving errors, and gender, attention regulation, and impulsivity predicted driving violations. The implications of this work include the potential application to driver training, to users of informatics devices (e.g., GPS, cellular phones, messaging systems), and for individuals diagnosed with attention and/or impulsivity problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wickens
authors.forename: Maggie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Toplak
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wiesenthal
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires