title: Insulin and glucose profiles during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with injection of a long-acting insulin in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare insulin and glucose profiles during basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue and once daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with oral glucose-lowering agents were randomized in this two-period crossover study to an equivalent 24-h dose of continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin aspart and subsequently once-daily bedtime subcutaneous injection of insulin glargine, or vice versa, for eight consecutive days. Plasma profiles of insulin and glucose were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the last day of each treatment period, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose was 10% lower on the continuous subcutaneous infusion regimen compared with the insulin injection regimen (P = 0.002). This was accomplished by a flat exogenous insulin infusion profile compared with a peaking profile with injected insulin (AUC was 74% higher after injection compared with pre-injection levels (P = 0.001)). During the last 6 days in each treatment period, the intra-subject variability of exogenous fasting insulin levels in the mornings was 41% lower during insulin infusion compared with insulin injection (P = 0.012). The corresponding intra-subject variability for fasting glucose only showed a tendency to be lower during infusion as compared to the injection regimen (28%; P = 0.104). Thirteen symptomatic-only or minor hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during the entire infusion period compared with three episodes during the injection period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basal continuous subcutaneous infusion of a rapid-acting insulin analogue improved plasma insulin (more flat insulin profile with a lower variability) and glucose (lower AUC) profiles compared with once-daily subcutaneous injection of a long-acting insulin analogue in Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. tparkner@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Parkner
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Vestergaard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hartvig
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smedegaard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000592:standards; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting