title: Complexation of furosemide with fulvic acid extracted from shilajit: a novel approach.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to complex furosemide (FSM) with fulvic acid (FA) extracted from shilajit with the hope of having a better understanding of the complexation behavior. The effect of FA on the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and permeability of FSM was investigated. Different techniques, such as grinding, freeze drying, solvent evaporation, and so forth, were used for the preparation of the complex. The complexes were prepared in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 FSM:FA and were evaluated for drug inclusion, solubility, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dissolution study, and permeation study. These methods confirm the formation of an amorphous inclusion complex of FSM with FA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Suraj Prakash
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Mohammad Khalid
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Anwer
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aqil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004232:Diuretics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005665:Furosemide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006812:Humic Substances; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals; D051381:Rats; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D004232:Diuretics; D006812:Humic Substances; D008903:Minerals; D012116:Resins, Plant; C045109:mumie; D005665:Furosemide; C005023:fulvic acid