title: Pretreatment with bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) mimics ischemia preconditioning following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in the intestine and liver.
abstract: Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been shown to cause intestinal mucosal injury and adversely affect function. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been shown to protect against intestinal I/R injury by reducing polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, intestinal mucosal injury, and liver injury, and preserve intestinal transit. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) has been shown to protect against I/R injury in the kidney and brain. Recently, microarray analysis has been used to examine the possible IPC candidate pathways. This work revealed that IPC may work through upregulation of BMP-7. The purpose of this study was to examine if pretreatment with BMP-7 would replicate the effects seen with IPC in the intestine and liver after intestinal I/R. Rats were randomized to six groups: sham, I/R (30 min of superior mesenteric artery occlusion and 6 h of R), IPC+R (three cycles of superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 4 min and R for 10 min), IPC+I/R, BMP-7+R (100 microm/kg recombinant human BMP-7), or BMP-7+I/R. A duodenal catheter was placed, and 30 min before sacrifice, fluorescein isothiocyanate-Dextran was injected. At sacrifice, dye concentrations were measured to determine intestinal transit. Ileal mucosal injury was determined by histology and myeloperoxidase activity was used as a marker of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase were measured at sacrifice to determine liver injury. Pretreatment with BMP-7 significantly improved intestinal transit and significantly decreased intestinal mucosal injury and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels, comparable to animals undergoing IPC. In conclusion, BMP-7 protected against intestinal I/R-induced intestinal and liver injury. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 may be a more logical surrogate to IPC in the prevention of injury in the setting of intestinal I/R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Geetha L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Hari R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Hasen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Sasha D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Stacey D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Moore-Olufemi
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Harting
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Bruce C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D009195:Peroxidase