Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina).
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production.
Martinez
Diego
D
Los Alamos National Laboratory/Joint Genome Institute, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. admar@unm.edu
Berka
Randy M
RM
Henrissat
Bernard
B
Saloheimo
Markku
M
Arvas
Mikko
M
Baker
Scott E
SE
Chapman
Jarod
J
Chertkov
Olga
O
Coutinho
Pedro M
PM
Cullen
Dan
D
Danchin
Etienne G J
EG
Grigoriev
Igor V
IV
Harris
Paul
P
Jackson
Melissa
M
Kubicek
Christian P
CP
Han
Cliff S
CS
Ho
Isaac
I
Larrondo
Luis F
LF
de Leon
Alfredo Lopez
AL
Magnuson
Jon K
JK
Merino
Sandy
S
Misra
Monica
M
Nelson
Beth
B
Putnam
Nicholas
N
Robbertse
Barbara
B
Salamov
Asaf A
AA
Schmoll
Monika
M
Terry
Astrid
A
Thayer
Nina
N
Westerholm-Parvinen
Ann
A
Schoch
Conrad L
CL
Yao
Jian
J
Barabote
Ravi
R
Barbote
Ravi
R
Nelson
Mary Anne
MA
Detter
Chris
C
Bruce
David
D
Kuske
Cheryl R
CR
Xie
Gary
G
Richardson
Paul
P
Rokhsar
Daniel S
DS
Lucas
Susan M
SM
Rubin
Edward M
EM
Dunn-Coleman
Nigel
N
Ward
Michael
M
Brettin
Thomas S
TS
D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
D004271:DNA, Fungal