title: Comparison of the intrusion effects on the maxillary incisors between implant anchorage and J-hook headgear.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, miniscrews have been used to provide anchorage during orthodontic treatment, especially for incisor intrusion. Miniscrews during incisor intrusion are commonly used in implant orthodontics. Traditionally, effective incisor intrusion has been accomplished with J-hook headgear. In this study, we compared the effect of incisor intrusion, force vector, and amount of root resorption between implant orthodontics and J-hook headgear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 8 patients in the implant group and 10 patients in the J-hook headgear group were analyzed for incisor retraction. The estimated force vector was analyzed in the horizontal and vertical directions in both groups. Root resorption was also measured on periapical radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the implant group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip were observed after intrusion of the incisors. In the J-hook headgear group, significant reductions in overjet, overbite, maxillary incisor to upper lip, and maxillary incisor to SN plane were observed after intrusion of the incisors. There were significantly greater reductions in overbite, maxillary incisor to palatal plane, and maxillary incisor to upper lip in the implant group than in the J-hook headgear group. Estimated force analysis resulted in significantly more force in the vertical direction and less in the horizontal direction in the implant group. Furthermore, significantly less root resorption was observed in the implant group compared with the J-hook headgear group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maxillary incisors were effectively intruded by using miniscrews as orthodontic anchorage without patient cooperation. The amount of root resorption was not affected by activating the ligature wire from the miniscrew during incisor intrusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yabuuchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamioka
authors.forename: Teruko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano-Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*