title: Routine glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) testing: patients' perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a form of type 1 diabetes which in the UK is often diagnosed and treated as type 2 diabetes (T2D). People with LADA show slow progression to insulin dependence and can be distinguished from T2D by blood tests for glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA). Aims. This study explores the views and experiences of patients who are newly diagnosed with LADA, with particular reference to (i) routine GADA testing; (ii) whether this diagnosis has any influence on the self-management of their diabetes; and (iii) the information needs of patients newly diagnosed with LADA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive patients newly diagnosed with LADA (GADA positive) were invited to participate in individual qualitative semi-structured interviews. Their views and experiences were analysed into codes and categories, using a constant comparative method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants supported routine GADA testing in all patients with diabetes because the provision of a correct diagnosis has an empowering effect on patients, as it encourages the consideration of treatment options early on in the condition. Participants preferred to rely on future Hba(1c) levels and their doctor's opinion to determine a change in treatment to insulin. Some participants had difficulty distinguishing between the different types of diabetes, including LADA. Others needed to ask questions about LADA in addition to written information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants were supportive of routine GADA testing, would prefer not to start insulin immediately following a diagnosis of LADA and needed to discuss treatment options with health professionals who were knowledgeable on LADA.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation (CHIRAL), The School of Medicine, Swansea University, The Grove Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. h.davies@swansea.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Sb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mannan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brophy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase