title: Shoulder disability and late symptoms following surgery for early breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary dissection in combination with radiation therapy is thought to be the main reason why patients surgically treated for breast cancer may develop decreased shoulder mobility on the operated side. The surgery performed on the breast has not been ascribed any considerable importance. In order to evaluate the influence of the surgical technique and the adjuvant oncological therapy on the development of shoulder morbidity, we assessed the physical disability in 132 breast cancer patients with a median follow-up time of 3 years after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty nine (67%) patients had been subjected to modified radical mastectomy and 43 (33%) to breast conserving therapy (BCT). All patients had axillary dissection of level I and II. The shoulder function was assessed by the Constant Shoulder Score including both subjective parameters on pain and ability to perform the normal tasks of daily living, and objective parameters assessing active range of motion and muscle strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shoulder disability seems to be a frequent late complication to the treatment of early breast cancer (35%). When equal axillary dissection and radiation therapy had been applied, BCT patients were found to suffer less frequent from this complication than patients treated with mastectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette Cathrine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lauridsen
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hessov
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cristiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology