title: Endothelial function and its relationship to leptin, homocysteine, and insulin resistance in lean and overweight eumenorrheic women and PCOS patients: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify if patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), have an increased cardiovascular risk compared with healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty eumenorrheic controls (ten lean [group A] and ten overweight [group B]) and 24 PCOS women (14 lean [group C] and ten overweight [group D]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular risk markers and hormonal parameters were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Androgens, fasting glucose, insulin, leptin, fibrinogen, homocysteine, endothelin-1 and flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery were measured to investigate their relationship to weight and to PCOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The brachial artery diameter and the pulsatility index, after the reactive hyperemia, showed in group A the most intense vasodilatation compared with the other groups. Homocysteine levels did not differ among the groups. Endothelin-1 was significantly higher in group A compared with groups B and D. Leptin was significantly lower in groups A and C compared with groups B and D. Insulin resistance was higher in groups B and D. Group A had significantly higher glucose-insulin ratio compared with all of the other groups; group C had significantly higher glucose-insulin ratio only compared with group D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight and PCOS are two independent variables affecting the endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianciosi
authors.forename: Giulio Marchesini
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reggiani
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facchinetti
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Aloysio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D019332:Endothelin-1; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D006710:Homocysteine; D011374:Progesterone; D005340:Fibrinogen