title: Behavior profiles in children with functional urinary incontinence before and after incontinence treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to analyze prospectively the prevalence of behavioral disorders in children with urinary incontinence because of nonneuropathic bladder-sphincter dysfunction before and after treatment for incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 202 children with nonneuropathic bladder-sphincter dysfunction were enrolled in the European Bladder Dysfunction Study, in branches for urge syndrome (branch 1) and dysfunctional voiding (branch 2); 188 filled out Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist before treatment and 111 after treatment. Child Behavior Checklist scales for total behavior problems were used along with subscales for externalizing problems and internalizing problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After European Bladder Dysfunction Study treatment, the total behavior problem score dropped from 19% to 11%, the same prevalence as in the normative population; in branch 1 the score dropped from 14% to 13%, and in branch 2 it dropped from 23% to 8%. The prevalence of externalizing problems dropped too, from 12% to 8%: in branch 1 it was unchanged at 10%, and in branch 2 it dropped from 14% to 7%. The decrease in prevalence of internalizing problems after treatment, from 16% to 14%, was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More behavioral problems were found in dysfunctional voiding than in urge syndrome, but none of the abnormal scores related to the outcome of European Bladder Dysfunction Study treatment for incontinence. With such treatment, both the total behavior problem score and the score for externalizing problems returned to normal, but the score for internalizing problems did not change. The drops in prevalence are statistically significant only in dysfunctional voiding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. anbael@attglobal.net
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bael
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lax
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirche
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gäbel
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vijverberg
authors.forename: Roelie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Zon
authors.forename: Eline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Hoecke
authors.forename: Jan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Gool
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy