title: A retrospective review of ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin + clavulanate vs cefazolin/cephalexin and erythromycin in the setting of preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal and neonatal outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and outcomes of 2 different antibiotic regimens that are used to prolong latency in preterm premature rupture of membranes. The primary objective was to determine whether the use of ampicillin-sulbactam/amoxicillin + clavulanate was associated with an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of pregnancies that were complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes from 1999-2006 at 2 institutions was performed. Outcomes were compared between subjects who received parenteral ampicillin-sulbactam followed by oral amoxicillin + clavulanate (protocol A) and subjects who received parenteral cefazolin and erythromycin followed by oral cephalexin and erythromycin (protocol B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 147 women who were evaluated; 88 women received protocol A, and 59 women received protocol B. There were no differences in latency period, gestational age at delivery, or route of delivery. The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was 8.0% and 10.2% for protocol A and protocol B, respectively (P = .64).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ampicillin-sulbactam/amoxicillin + clavulanate was not associated with an increase in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Erythromycin in combination with cefazolin and cephalexin is an effective latency antibiotic regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ehsanipoor
authors.forename: Judith H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clock
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002437:Cefazolin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013407:Sulbactam / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D004917:Erythromycin; C035444:sultamicillin; D000667:Ampicillin; D002437:Cefazolin; D002506:Cephalexin; D013407:Sulbactam