Safety and effectiveness of the intragastric balloon for obesity. A meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Intragastric balloons have been used since 1985 to treat obesity, but an evidence-based systematic review had not been previously performed. The objective of this study is to determine the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of the most widely used balloon, BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB), to treat obesity.


METHODS
Systematic literature review of Medline, Embase, and other information sources from inception to March 2006. The quality of selected studies was assessed. Meta-analysis of weighted mean difference was made using the inverse variance method.


RESULTS
We pooled 15 articles (3,608 patients) to estimate BIBs effectiveness. The estimates for weight lost at balloon removal for BIB were the following: 14.7 kg, 12.2% of initial weight, 5.7 kg/m(2), and 32.1% of excess weight. However, data were scant after balloon removal. Yet, efficacy at balloon removal was estimated with a meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials (75 patients) that compared balloon versus placebo, indicating the balloon group lost more weight than the placebo group. These differences in weight lost were 6.7 kg, 1.5% of initial weight, 3.2 kg/m(2), and 17.6% of excess weight. Regarding BIB safety, the majority of complications were mild and the early removal rate was 4.2%.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of the BIB, within a multidisciplinary weight management program, is a short-term effective treatment to lose weight, but it is not yet possible to verify its capacity to maintain the weight lost over a long period of time.
Imaz
Iñaki
I
Agencia de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs, 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain. imaz@isciii.es
Martínez-Cervell
Carmen
C
García-Alvarez
Elvira Elena
EE
Sendra-Gutiérrez
Juan Manuel
JM
González-Enríquez
Jesús
J
D020878:Device Removal; D015905:Gastric Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss