title: Effects of baseline comorbidities on cancer screening trial adherence among older African American men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of baseline comorbidities on screening adherence in a sample of older African American men (ages >or=55 years) enrolled in a case management intervention in a cancer screening trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline comorbidity data were obtained from 683 African American men who were randomly assigned to a case management intervention group (n = 344) or to a case management control group (n = 339). The effects of comorbidities on the screening adherence rates of each group were then assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant interactions were found between each health history characteristic and the intervention. Therefore, analyses were not stratified by intervention status. In general, participants with comorbidities were no less likely to adhere to trial screening than participants without comorbidities. Exceptions were current smokers and participants with chronic bronchitis. Current smokers were less likely than others to adhere to the prostate-specific antigen test (P = 0.02) and the digital rectal examination for prostate cancer screening (P = 0.01), to the chest X-ray for lung cancer screening (P < 0.01), and to the flexible sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer screening (P = 0.04). Participants with chronic bronchitis had lower rates of adherence to the chest X-ray (P = 0.06). Having a relative with cancer positively influenced adherence to the digital rectal examination (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, older African American men with comorbidities appear to be very good candidates for participation in longitudinal cancer screening trials. However, smoking had a statistically significant and deleterious effect on adherence to all types of screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, PO Box 250955, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. fordmar@musc.edu
authors.forename: Marvella E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Suzanne L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Havstad
authors.forename: Maya E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manigo
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McClary
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lamerato
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors