title: Removal of oral debris and bacteria during supervised tooth brushing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate foam generation during brushing, and the oral debris and bacteria removal efficacy of an experimental gel-to-foam dentifrice compared to a commercially-available dentifrice after brushing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four subjects participated in this blinded, crossover study. After a wash-out period prior to each session of product use, subjects reported to the site having abstained from oral hygiene, eating and drinking from 22:00 h on the evening prior to treatment visits. The subjects brushed with a weighed dose of assigned paste and were asked to expectorate their toothpaste slurry into a collection vessel at 30 and 60 seconds during supervised brushing. The expectorated foam was measured immediately, after which subjects rinsed with 10 ml of sterile water and expectorated into the same vessel. Samples were placed on ice and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis. Bacteria (total anaerobes and VSC-producing bacteria) were enumerated using appropriate selective media. To calculate the amount of debris, a measured portion of the sample was deposited onto a pre-weighed dish and weighed. Dishes were dried thoroughly and weighed again after cooling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of the gel-to-foam dentifrice resulted in 105% greater foam volume compared with use of the control dentifrice (p < 0.0001). Further, the gel-to-foam dentifrice removed 15.77% more debris than the control dentifrice (p-value = 0.0342). There was greater removal of total anaerobes and VSC-producing bacteria by the gel-to-foam dentifrice versus the control dentifrice (p-value < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single use of a gel-to-foam dentifrice generated a greater volume of foam and removed a greater amount of oral debris and bacteria during brushing than a standard dentifrice.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, UK. marylynn.p.bosma@gsk.com
authors.forename: Marylynn P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bosma
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McNab
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shanga
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Middleton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology; D006209:Halitosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003802:Dentifrices; D014260:Triclosan; D012969:Sodium Fluoride