title: Pupillary function in early multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Autonomic pupillary function was assessed with pupillometry in 95 mildly or moderately disabled patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 81 healthy subjects. The parasympathetic pupillary function was measured as initial diameter (mm), time to minimum diameter (seconds), reflex amplitude (mm), relative reflex amplitude (%), and maximal constriction velocity (mm/seconds). To reflect the sympathetic pupillary function maximal redilatation velocity (mm/seconds), and time of 75% of redilatation (seconds) were measured. Of MS patients 85-99% were within the reference values of healthy subjects. In MS patients the effect of age was observed in the initial diameter, reflex amplitude, and time of 75% redilatation. There were no such age related effects in healthy subjects. In age adjusted analysis the initial diameter and time of 75% redilatation differed significantly from healthy controls. Autonomic pupillary functions were not associated with fatigue, visual defect, or bladder disturbance, as measured by Fatigue Severity Scale, Kurtzke's Functional System Scales, Expanded Disability Status Scale, or the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite. Our results suggest that both parasympathetic and sympathetic pupillary functions are disturbed already early in the course of MS. However, the disturbance is not severe at this stage of the disease. The dysfunction is age-dependent and thus possibly related to the dimished remyelination capacity of the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Arcada - University of Applied Sciences, Jan-Magnus Janssonin aukio1, 00550 Helsinki, Finland. jukka.surakka@arcada.fi
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Surakka
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruutiainen
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romberg
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puukka
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kronholm
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karanko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index