title: [Acute meningoencephalitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, mimicking acute disseminated encephalomyelitis].
abstract: A 57-year old woman had a five-day history of cough and high fever followed by abnormal behavior and headache with signs of meningeal irritation. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exam revealed polymorphonuclear pleocytosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured from the patient's CSF and serum. Clinical features and laboratory investigations supported a diagnosis of pneumococcal meningoencephalitis. After treatment with intravenous meropenem (MEPM), the patient's laboratory data improved and her neck stiffness disappeared, but a brain MRI showed white matter lesions in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. The patient responded to pulse therapy with intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g/day), carried out over three days: she recovered neurological function and her MRI lesions resolved. We report a case of acute meningoencephalitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, mimicking acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). We suggest that pneumococcal infection is one of the pathogenetic factors in ADEM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kinki University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Juri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kureshiro
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuzumoto
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aomatsu
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*