title: Trastuzumab therapy vs tetracycline controlled ERBB2 downregulation: influence on tumour development in an ERBB2-dependent mouse tumour model.
abstract: Trastuzumab (Herceptin) has improved therapy of breast cancer. Only patients overexpressing ERBB2 are treated with trastuzumab, whereas its use in tumours without ERBB2 expression is useless. This led to the concept that the subgroup of trastuzumab-sensitive tumours is 'ERBB2-dependent', meaning that ERBB2 signalling is indispensable for growth of these tumours. We used a mouse model that allows anhydrotetracycline (ATc)-controlled downregulation of ERBB2 in tumour tissue. ERBB2 mRNA and protein expression were downregulated below detection limit leading to a macroscopically complete tumour remission within 14 days. Tumour remission was accompanied by a strong decrease in proliferation, a moderate increase in apoptosis, as well as dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT/PKB. These data clearly indicate ERBB2 dependence. Therefore, a high sensitivity to trastuzumab may be suspected. Surprisingly, trastuzumab caused a much weaker effect compared to ATc-induced ERBB2 downregulation, although a decrease in ERBB2 membrane localisation was induced. Only a slight decrease in proliferation and a weak transient increase in apoptosis were observed. Interestingly, tumours responded to trastuzumab by a sharp fivefold increase in phosphorylated AKT/PKB as well as a 3.5- and 5.3-fold increase in AKT1 and AKT2 mRNA levels, respectively. In conclusion, 'ERBB2 dependence' is not sufficient to define trastuzumab-responsive tumours. The suboptimal effect of trastuzumab compared to the maximally possible effect induced by ATc demonstrates a high potential for improved ERBB2 blocking therapies.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, University of Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, Dortmund D-44139, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schormann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brulport
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uhlemann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lupatsch
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allgaier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weishaupt
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engeland
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mössner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Schiffer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lausch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prawitt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hengstler
mesh_terms: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D064413:3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D045304:Cytochromes c; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013754:Tetracyclines; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C016229:4-epianhydrotetracycline; C524056:Erbb2 protein, mouse