title: Increased cytotoxicity by the combination of radiation and diospyrin diethylether in fibrosarcoma in culture and in tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radio-resistance in tumor cells and associated escape from apoptotic mechanism is a major problem in clinical cancer radiotherapy. Therefore, as a strategy to enhance the apoptosis, a combination of radiation and tumor-selective cytotoxic agents might improve the efficacy of treatment. Thus, the radiomodifying potential of diospyrin diethylether (D7), a plant-derived antitumor agent, was studied in fibrosarcoma tumor, both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse and human fibrosarcoma (Wehi164; HT1080) cells were treated with D7, alone, or in combination with radiation, for determination of cytotoxicity, clonogenic survival, and apoptotic death assays. Involvement of oxidative mechanism and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) was studied in different treatment groups. In addition, fibrosarcoma-bearing mice were treated with D7 (intravenously, two doses, each of 1 mg/kg body weight) combined with radiation (two fractions of 2.5 Gy each) at appropriate intervals. The tumor volume was measured to assess 'tumor growth delay', and liver function enzymes in the serum of mice were estimated after the treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A combination treatment with D7 and radiation showed enhancement in cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction and decrease in clonogenic survival of tumor cells, as compared to the treatments with the drug or radiation alone. Moreover, D7 in combination with radiation could significantly inhibit the radiation-induced NF-kappaB activation, and showed the generation of comparatively more intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, a combination of D7 and radiation in vivo caused significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo, and restoring the liver enzyme activity to the 'normal' level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined treatment with quinonoid D7 and radiation caused increased cytotoxicity compared to single treatment with either agent alone in fibrosarcoma tumor systems, both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Binod
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: B N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Banasri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hazra
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C526237:diospyrin diethylether