title: Modest wine drinking and decreased prevalence of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: People at risk for coronary heart disease are often at risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The association of modest wine consumption with NAFLD has not been studied and the recommendation of wine for patients at risk for both diseases is controversial. The aim is to test the hypothesis that modest wine consumption is associated with decreased prevalence of NAFLD. We included Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants who either reported no alcohol consumption or preferentially drinking wine with total alcohol consumption up to 10 g per day. Suspected NAFLD was based on unexplained serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation over the cut point of the reference laboratory (ALT > 43) and the cut point based on the 95th percentile of healthy subjects (ALT > 30 for men; ALT > 19 for women). Multivariate analysis was adjusted for age, gender, race, neighborhood, income, education, caffeine intake, and physical activity. A total of 7,211 nondrinkers and 945 modest wine drinkers comprised the study sample. Based on the reference laboratory cut point, suspected NAFLD was observed in 3.2% of nondrinkers and 0.4% of modest wine drinkers. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.49). Using the healthy subject cut point, suspected NAFLD was observed in 14.3% of nondrinkers and 8.6% of wine drinkers. The adjusted odds ratio was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest wine consumption is associated with reduced prevalence of suspected NAFLD. The current study supports the safety of one glass of wine per day for cardioprotection in patients at risk for both coronary heart disease and NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8450, USA.
authors.forename: Winston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Ronghui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schwimmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase