title: Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 blockade on pulmonary inflammation caused by mechanical ventilation and bacterial endotoxin.
abstract: Mechanical ventilation (MV) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synergistically increase inflammation and lung injury. The goal of this study was to determine whether blockade of CD14 or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) would reduce inflammation caused by LPS and MV. Rabbits were pretreated with anti-TLR4 or anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies, followed by endobronchial LPS and MV. Blockade of TLR4 reduced the number of neutrophils and the amount of CXCL8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, blockade of CD14 did not significantly decrease the number of neutrophils or the amount of CXCL8. These data show that TLR4 blockade reduces pulmonary inflammation caused by the combination of LPS and Mechanical ventilation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Lincoln S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: Merry
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongovin
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosco-Vilbois
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Frevert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4