title: Transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cells into the cochlea of an auditory-neuropathy animal model: effects of timing after injury.
abstract: Application of ouabain to the round window membrane of the gerbil selectively induces the death of most spiral ganglion neurons and thus provides an excellent model for investigating the survival and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) introduced into the inner ear. In this study, mouse ESCs were pretreated with a neural-induction protocol and transplanted into Rosenthal's canal (RC), perilymph, or endolymph of Mongolian gerbils either 1-3 days (early post-injury transplant group) or 7 days or longer (late post-injury transplant group) after ouabain injury. Overall, ESC survival in RC and perilymphatic spaces was significantly greater in the early post-injury microenvironment as compared to the later post-injury condition. Viable clusters of ESCs within RC and perilymphatic spaces appeared to be associated with neovascularization in the early post-injury group. A small number of ESCs transplanted within RC stained for mature neuronal or glial cell markers. ESCs introduced into perilymph survived in several locations, but most differentiated into glia-like cells. ESCs transplanted into endolymph survived poorly if at all. These experiments demonstrate that there is an optimal time window for engraftment and survival of ESCs that occurs in the early post-injury period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 165 Ashley Avenue, P.O. Box 250908, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. langh@musc.edu
authors.forename: Hainan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schmiedt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003051:Cochlea / Q000166:cytology / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D004710:Endolymph / Q000166:cytology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006085:Graft Survival; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000633:toxicity; D010498:Perilymph / Q000166:cytology; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000473:pathology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010042:Ouabain