title: The Mahoney Pain Scale: examining pain and agitation in advanced dementia.
abstract: Pain and distress are widespread for people with dementia. However, effective pain management is limited by the quality of assessment tools. In this study, the development and trial of the Mahoney Pain Scale, which aims to assess pain in advanced dementia and distinguish it from agitation is described. A total of 112 participants with advanced dementia who experienced either pain, agitation, neither or both were assessed via the Mahoney Pain Scale during a pleasant and aversive activity. The Mahoney Pain Scale demonstrated adequate interrater reliability and internal consistency. As predicted, participants experiencing pain and/or agitation obtained higher Mahoney Pain Scale scores during the aversive activity. Participants also differed with respect to their pattern of scores, and consequently, the Mahoney Pain Scale differentiated pain states from non-pain ones. The clinical impressions of nurses who trialed the tool were favorable; they reported that it seemed accurate and easy to use. Thus, the Mahoney Pain Scale may be useful for assessing pain in dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. amahoney@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Alison E J
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D001288:Attention; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009517:New South Wales; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015588:Observer Variation; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results