title: Roots of smile: a preterm neonates' study.
abstract: Twenty-two preterm neonates were observed 1h per neonate in the NICU. Ninety-five spontaneous smiles were recorded. Younger and smaller neonates showed more and longer spontaneous smiles than older and larger. The youngest neonate was 200 days from conception on the observational day. She was 511 g. This infant showed spontaneous smiles. The roots of spontaneous smiles are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of the Sacred Heart, 4-3-1, Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8938, Japan. kawakami@u-sacred-heart.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kiyobumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takai-Kawakami
authors.forename: Fumito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D012904:Smiling / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology