title: Effect of clarithromycin in patients with sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because clarithromycin provided beneficiary nonantibiotic effects in experimental studies, its efficacy was tested in patients with sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred patients with sepsis and VAP were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial from June 2004 until November 2005. Clarithromycin (1 g) was administered intravenously once daily for 3 consecutive days in 100 patients; another 100 patients were treated with placebo. Main outcomes were resolution of VAP, duration of mechanical ventilation, and sepsis-related mortality within 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups were well matched with regard to demographic characteristics, disease severity, pathogens, and adequacy of the administered antimicrobials. Analysis comprising 141 patients who survived revealed that the median time for resolution of VAP was 15.5 days and 10.0 days among placebo- and clarithromycin-treated patients, respectively (P = .011); median times for weaning from mechanical ventilation were 22.5 days and 16.0 days, respectively (p = .049). Analysis comprising all enrolled patients showed a more rapid decrease of the clinical pulmonary infection score and a delay for advent of multiple organ dysfunction in clarithromycin-treated patients, compared with those of placebo-treated patients (p = .047). Among the 45 patients who died of sepsis, time to death was significantly prolonged in clarithromycin-treated compared with placebo-treated patients (p = .004). Serious adverse events were observed in 0% and 3% of placebo- and clarithromycin-treated patients, respectively (P = .25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clarithromycin accelerated the resolution of VAP and weaning from mechanical ventilation in surviving patients and delayed death in those who died of sepsis. The mortality rate at day 28 was not altered. Results are encouraging and render new perspectives on the management of sepsis and VAP.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. giamarel@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Evangelos J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pechère
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Routsi
authors.forename: Diamantis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plachouras
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kollias
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raftogiannis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zervakis
authors.forename: Fotini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baziaka
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koronaios
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonopoulou
authors.forename: Vassiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Markaki
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutoukas
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadomichelakis
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsaganos
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koussoulas
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotanidou
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roussos
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giamarellou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017291:Clarithromycin