title: A new model of end-to-side nerve graft for multiple branch reconstruction: end-to-side cross-face nerve graft in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of end-to-side nerve graft for multiple branch reconstruction was confirmed using a new rat four-branch facial nerve reconstruction model with end-to-side cross-face nerve graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Lewis rats were randomly divided into four groups with different reconstruction methods for four branches (bilateral buccal and marginal branches) of the bilateral facial nerves as follows: group I (n=12), single sciatic nerve graft with end-to-side neurorrhaphy; group II (n=12), four cable grafts using two sciatic and two ulnar nerves with end-to-end neurorrhaphy; group III (n=8), no repair; and group IV (n=8), sham operation. The four groups were compared with double retrograde tracing of the facial nucleus, electrophysiological and histomorphometrical assessment of the reconstructed facial nerve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there were no significant differences between groups I and II in the electrophysiological tests, group I showed more uniform and better reinnervation in the histomorphometrical assessment. Retrograde tracing of facial nucleus revealed significantly higher number of double-labeled neurons in group I although the total number of labeled neurons was not different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  End-to-side nerve graft shows a good functional recovery, requires less graft, and is easy to perform. With the availability of the side of the nerve graft itself as a nerve coaptation site, it can be an effective alternative in facial nerve reconstruction and be of great value in various kinds of peripheral nerve surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. matsuda@psurg.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakibuchi
authors.forename: Tateki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009431:Neural Conduction; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000637:transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew