title: Control of burst release from nanogels via layer by layer assembly.
abstract: Undesirable burst release phenomenon is commonly encountered in nanostructured delivery systems, and should be addressed. The present study demonstrates a simple and practical way to reduce or minimize high burst release associated with nanoparticulate delivery systems. Drug loaded nanogels of size less than 200 nm were successfully coated with alternating layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH, cationic) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS, anionic) polyelectrolytes. With every layer of polyelectrolyte, the radius increased by 2 nm, and the zeta-potential alternated between positive and negative values. PSS coated nanogels were stable at all pH, while PAH coated nanogels were only stable up to pH of 8. A drug selective electrode (DSE) was used to directly measure the concentration of procaine hydrochloride (PrHy) from MAA-EA coated nanogels. The high burst release was reduced or minimized when the number of layers of polyelectrolyte was increased. An empirical relationship describing the number of polyelectrolyte layers and time to attain steady-state drug concentration (tau(D)) was developed, where tau(D) increased with increasing polyelectrolyte layers.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jeremy P K
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kam C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tam
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003217:Conductometry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005782:Gels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D049329:Nanostructures; D010316:Particle Size; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011199:Potentiometry; D011343:Procaine / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; C477852:Eudragit L 30 D-55; D005782:Gels; D008689:Methacrylates; D011073:Polyamines; D011108:Polymers; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C063994:polyallylamine; D011343:Procaine; C077114:styrenesulfonic acid polymer