title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Italian women.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have high rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with a variety of genotypes whose oncogenic risk is poorly documented. The prevalence and persistence of HPV genotypes and HPV16 variants were analysed in 112 HIV-positive and 115 HIV-negative Italian women. HIV-positive women were more likely than HIV-negative women to be infected by HPV at the initial examination (39.3 vs 13.9 %, P<0.001) and to have a higher period prevalence of HPV infection over a 3-year follow-up (43.8 % vs 17.4 %, P<0.001), regardless of CD4+ cell counts and anti-retroviral therapy. 'High-risk' and 'probable high-risk' HPVs (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 and 66), among the 20 different viral genotypes identified, were predominant in HIV-positive (33.9 %) compared with HIV-negative (13.9 %) women. Among HIV-infected women, with normal cytology as well as with SIL of any grade, the most common genotypes were HPV16 followed by HPV81, -58, -72, -33 and -62. HPV16 isolates from 18 HIV-positive and eight HIV-negative women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing analysis of E6 and E7 genes and the long control region. Whilst the HPV16 G350 European variant was prevalent in both HIV-positive (10.7 %) and -negative women (3.5 %), HPV16 African 2 variant was only detected in HIV-positive women (3.6 %), suggesting different sexual mixing behaviours. The increased prevalence of uncommon viral genotypes and HPV16 variants in HIV-positive Italian women underscores the need to target a wide range of HPV types in cervical screening of high-risk women.
authors.affiliation: Ist. Naz. Tumori 'Fond. G. Pascale', Cappella Cangiani, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Lina
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tornesello
authors.affiliation: Ist. Naz. Tumori 'Fond. G. Pascale', Cappella Cangiani, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Duraturo
authors.affiliation: Agency for Public Health, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giorgi-Rossi
authors.affiliation: Gynaecology Department, University of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sansone
authors.affiliation: Gynaecology Department, University of Medicine, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccoli
authors.affiliation: Ist. Naz. Tumori 'Fond. G. Pascale', Cappella Cangiani, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buonaguro
authors.affiliation: Ist. Naz. Tumori 'Fond. G. Pascale', Cappella Cangiani, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Buonaguro
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017421:Sequence Analysis; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; C068651:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 16; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050725:Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C059731:oncogene protein E7, Human papillomavirus type 16