title: Non-HDL cholesterol is strongly associated with coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing evidence shows that non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have assessed the association between traditional lipid measures and subclinical end points. In this study we analyzed the association of Non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) with coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 1611 consecutive asymptomatic individuals (67% men, mean age: 53+/-10 years) referred to a single electron beam tomography (EBT) facility for CAC screening. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association between increasing quartiles of lipid levels and presence of CAC score (CACS)>0 and CACS>or=100, with the lowest levels (first quartile) of lipid values as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall CACS of 0, 1-99, 100-399 and >or=400, were observed in 35%, 44%, 12% and 9% of the study subjects, respectively. The prevalence of CAC increased significantly across increasing quartiles of LDL-C, TG and Non-HDL-C (all p<0.0001), whereas CACS was significantly lower across increasing quartiles of HDL-C (p<0.001). In a multivariate model controlling for age, gender, race, cigarette smoking, hypertension, family history of coronary artery disease and obesity, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of CAC with increasing values of each lipid variable. In a multivariate model simultaneously controlling for increasing quartiles of the remaining lipid variables, only the association of Non-HDL-C with CACS>0 remained statistically significant (p=0.002). Similar results were observed with CACS>or=100 (p=0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study Non-HDL-C was more strongly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis than all other conventional lipid values. These data suggests that Non-HDL-C may be an important treatment target in primary prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital/Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Sarwar H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Orakzai
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaha
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raggi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D002118:Calcium