title: Cross-linking induces non-haemolytic antigen-loss from transfused red blood cells: a potential role for rheumatoid factor.
abstract: Transfusion of cross-match incompatible blood can lead to haemolysis. However, in some cases, incompatible transfused red blood cells are bound by antibody and then converted to being negative for both the incompatible antigen and the direct antiglobulin test. Using a murine model of this phenomenon, we have recently reported that antibodies binding to multiple epitopes are required. Herein, we report that antibodies against one epitope can induce antigen-loss if an anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody is also present. These findings support a model of cross-linking being required, and raise the possibility that naturally occurring anti-IgG, such as rheumatoid factor, may contribute to antigen-loss.
authors.affiliation: Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cadwell
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zimring
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000937:Antigen-Antibody Reactions; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D002645:Chickens; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000276:immunology*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D006461:Hemolysis; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D000939:Epitopes; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; C048844:anti-IgG; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor; D009113:Muramidase