title: Effect of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) aqueous extract on antibody response to Bothrops asper venom and immune cell response.
abstract: The effect of aqueous extract of Echinacea purpurea roots on the murine antibody response to Bothrops asper snake venom in vivo was studied. Three groups were used. Group #1, baseline control, was treated with snake venom plus PBS. Group #2 was treated with snake venom plus sodium alginate as adjuvant (routine method used at Instituto Clodomiro Picado), and group #3 or experimental group, was treated with snake venom plus aqueous extract ofE. purpurea root as adjuvant. In all groups, the first inoculation was done with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). By the time of the second bleeding, mice in group #3 showed a remarkable increment in the level of anti-venom antibodies compared with those in groups #1 or #2. In vitro immune cell proliferation as a response to aqueous extract of E. purpurea root was studied using human lymphocytes activated with different lectins (Con A, PHA and PWM). In all cases, increase in percentage of lymphoproliferation was greater when E. purpurea root extract was used in addition to individual lectins.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chacón
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badilla
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arévalo
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D017837:Bothrops; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000276:immunology*; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D010936:Plant Extracts