title: Osmoregulation and expression of ion transport proteins and putative claudins in the gill of southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma).
abstract: The southern flounder is a euryhaline teleost that inhabits ocean, estuarine, and riverine environments. We investigated the osmoregulatory strategy of juvenile flounder by examining the time-course of homeostatic responses, hormone levels, and gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransporter protein expression after salinity challenge. Transfer of freshwater (FW)-acclimated flounder to sea water (SW) induced an increase in plasma osmolality and cortisol and a decrease in muscle water content, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and hepatic IGF-I mRNA, all returning to control levels after 4 days. Gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransporter protein levels were elevated in response to SW after 4 days. Transfer of SW-acclimated flounder to FW reduced gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransporter protein, increased plasma IGF-I, but did not alter hepatic IGF-I mRNA or plasma cortisol levels. Gill claudin-3 and claudin-4 immunoreactive proteins were elevated in FW versus SW acclimated flounder. The study demonstrates that successful acclimation of southern flounder to SW or FW occurs after an initial crisis period and that the salinity adaptation process is associated with changes in branchial expression of ion transport and putative tight junction claudin proteins known to regulate epithelial permeability in mammalian vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA. ckt@biology.sdu.dk
authors.forename: Christian K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tipsmark
authors.forename: J Adam
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Luckenbach
authors.forename: Steffen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiilerich
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Borski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D062465:Claudin-3; D062506:Claudin-4; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005432:Flounder / Q000502:physiology*; D005618:Fresh Water; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005880:Gills / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics; D017136:Ion Transport; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D062465:Claudin-3; D062506:Claudin-4; D029941:Fish Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D006854:Hydrocortisone