title: Rutin inhibits nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide and concanavalin-a stimulated macrophages.
abstract: The effect of rutin, a flavonoid present in onions, apples, tea and red wine, on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was analyzed using in vitro as well as in vivo systems. The level of nitrite in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BALB/c mice (88.21 microM) was significantly reduced in rutin treated animals (16.92 microM). The nitrite level in concanavalin-A (Con-A) treated control animals (77.15 microM) was also significantly reduced to 11.03 microM when the animals were pretreated with rutin. The drastically elevated levels of TNF-alpha in LPS stimulated animals (686.8 pg/ml) was lowered by pretreatment with rutin (182.4 pg/ml). Rutin also inhibited Con-A induced TNF-alpha production. Rutin inhibited nitrite production by activated macrophages in vitro (74.75 microM) to the normal level (16.13 microM) at a concentration of 5 microg/ml. In vitro L929 bioassay also showed inhibition of TNF-alpha production by rutin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Amala Cancer Research Centre, Thrissur, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guruvayoorappan
authors.forename: Girija
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuttan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012431:Rutin