title: Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis.
abstract: Plant stem-cell pools, the source for all organs, are first established during embryogenesis. It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the early embryonic function of cytokinin is obscure. Here, we introduce a synthetic reporter to visualize universally cytokinin output in vivo. Notably, the first embryonic signal is detected in the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root stem-cell system. Its apical daughter cell, the precursor of the quiescent centre, maintains phosphorelay activity, whereas the basal daughter cell represses signalling output. Auxin activity levels, however, exhibit the inverse profile. Furthermore, we show that auxin antagonizes cytokinin output in the basal cell lineage by direct transcriptional activation of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes, ARR7 and ARR15, feedback repressors of cytokinin signalling. Loss of ARR7 and ARR15 function or ectopic cytokinin signalling in the basal cell during early embryogenesis results in a defective root stem-cell system. These results provide a molecular model of transient and antagonistic interaction between auxin and cytokinin critical for specifying the first root stem-cell niche.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. mueller@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003583:Cytokinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C470377:ARR15 protein, Arabidopsis; C507238:ARR7 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D003583:Cytokinins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D014157:Transcription Factors