title: Adaptation of macrophages to exercise training improves innate immunity.
abstract: The effects of 3-week exercise training on the functions of peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were investigated. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages from trained mice was markedly higher than those from control mice. Meanwhile, exercise training decreased the steady state level of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) mRNA in macrophages. Overexpression of beta(2)AR in the macrophage cell line RAW264 by transfecting with beta(2)AR cDNA suppressed NO synthase (NOS) II expression but dose not influenced proinflammatory cytokine expression. When expression of transfected beta(2)AR in RAWar cells was downregulated by a tetracycline repressor-regulated mammalian expression system, NOS II mRNA expression was significantly increased; this suggested that the changes in the beta(2)AR expression level in macrophages associated with exercise training play a role in the regulation of NO production following LPS stimulation. These findings indicate that exercise training improves macrophage innate immune function in a beta(2)AR-dependent and -independent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, Kyorin University, School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan. kizaki@kyorin-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kizaki
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemasa
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanawa
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Shukoh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II