title: Transcriptional control by PARP-1: chromatin modulation, enhancer-binding, coregulation, and insulation.
abstract: The regulation of gene expression requires a wide array of protein factors that can modulate chromatin structure, act at enhancers, function as transcriptional coregulators, or regulate insulator function. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent addition of ADP-ribose polymers on a variety of nuclear proteins, has been implicated in all of these functions. Recent biochemical, genomic, proteomic, and cell-based studies have highlighted the role of PARP-1 in each of these processes and provided new insights about the molecular mechanisms governing PARP-1-dependent regulation of gene expression. In addition, these studies have demonstrated how PARP-1 functions as an integral part of cellular signaling pathways that culminate in gene-regulatory outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 465 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States. wlk5@cornell.edu
authors.forename: W Lee
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases