title: Multiple NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductases from Trypanosoma cruzi suggested role on drug resistance.
abstract: Cytochrome P450 hemoproteins (CYPs) are involved in the synthesis of endogenous compounds such as steroids, fatty acids and prostaglandins as well as in the activation and detoxification of foreign compounds including therapeutic drugs. Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR, E.C.1.6.2.4) transfers electrons from NADPH to a number of hemoproteins such as CYPs, cytochrome c, cytochrome b5, and heme oxygenase. This work presents the complete sequences of three non-allelic CPR genes from Trypanosoma cruzi. The encoded proteins named TcCPR-A, TcCPR-B and TcCPR-C have calculated molecular masses of 68.6kDa, 78.4kDa and 71.3kDa, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequences share 11% amino acid identity, possess the conserved binding domains for FMN, FAD and NADPH and differ in the hydrophobic 27-amino acid residues of the N-terminal extension, which is absent in TcCPR-A. Every T. cruzi CPRs, TcCPR-A, TcCPR-B and TcCPR-C, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. All of the recombinant enzymes reduced cytochrome c in a NADPH absolutely dependent manner with low K(m) values for this cofactor. They all were also strongly inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, a classical flavoenzyme inhibitor. In addition, TcCPRs could support CYP activities when assayed in reconstituted systems containing rat liver microsomes. Polyclonal antiserum rose against the recombinant enzymes TcCPR-A and TcCPR-B demonstrated its presence in every T. cruzi developmental stages, with a remarkable expression of TcCPR-A in cell-cultured trypomastigotes. Overexpression of TcCPR-B in T. cruzi epimastigotes increased its resistance to the typical chemotherapeutic agents Nifurtimox and Benznidazole. We suggest a participation of TcCPR-B in the detoxification metabolism of the parasite.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Portal
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández Villamil
authors.forename: Guillermo D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Matias G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Vas
authors.forename: Mirtha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Flawiá
authors.forename: Héctor N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paveto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase