title: Lynch syndrome in women less than 50 years of age with endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of mismatch repair deficiencies associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, or Lynch syndrome, in women less than age 50 with endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients less than age 50 diagnosed with endometrial adenocarcinoma were identified. Available pathologic specimens were freshly sliced, and protein expression for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Slides were scored on a semiquantitative method with complete absence of any of the four proteins suggesting a deficiency. All results were confirmed by microsatellite instability testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one pathology specimens were analyzed. Twenty-one (34%) of the tumors had absence of staining of at least one of the four mismatch repair proteins determined by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by microsatellite instability testing. Obese patients were less likely than nonobese patients to have a mismatch repair deficiency (21% versus 59%, respectively). Non-obese patients had a relative risk for a mismatch repair deficiency of 5.5 (95% confidence interval 1.6-19.1; P=.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many women diagnosed with endometrial cancer before age 50 will have a mismatch repair deficiency discovered by immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing. A number of young women diagnosed with endometrial cancer will require further genetic testing for mismatch repair mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology and the Division of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. kellie.matthews@obgyn.uab.edu
authors.forename: Kellie S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: Upender
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Manne
authors.forename: Jenny M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Warner K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Straughn
authors.forename: Mack N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Rodney P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Rocconi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094443:G-T mismatch-binding protein; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C094934:PMS2 protein, human; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes