title: Co-existence of a giant splenic hemangioma and multiple hepatic hemangiomas and the potential association with the use of oral contraceptives: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic and splenic hemangiomas are common benign tumors that mainly affect female patients. Giant splenic hemangiomas are extremely rare, especially when correlated with multiple hepatic hemangiomas. Pathogenetic mechanisms between hemangiomas and oral contraceptives, as well as therapeutic approaches, are analyzed in this case report, in particular for the management of synchronous splenic and hepatic hemangiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here a 42-year-old woman with a giant splenic hemangioma, multiple hepatic hemangiomas and a history of oral estrogen intake for many years. At first it was difficult to determine the organ from which the giant hemangioma originated. Angiography proved extremely helpful in tracing its origin in the spleen. Hematomas in the giant hemangioma posed a significant threat of rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage. We left the small hepatic hemangiomas in place, and removed the spleen along with the giant splenic hemangioma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diagnostic pitfalls in the determination of the origin of this giant hemangioma, attribution of its origin to the spleen angiographically, the unusual co-existence of the giant splenic hemangioma with multiple hepatic ones, and the potential threat of rupture of the giant hemangioma are some of the highlights of this case report. Estrogen administration represents a pathogenic factor that has been associated with hemangiomas in solid organs of the abdominal cavity. The therapeutic dilemma between resection and embolization of giant hemangiomas is another point of discussion in this case report. Splenectomy for the giant splenic hemangioma eliminates the risk of rupture and malignant degeneration, whereas observation for the small hepatic ones (<4 cm) was the preferable therapeutic strategy in our patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Military Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. surgchatz@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chatzoulis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaltsas
authors.forename: Stauros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daliakopoulos
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sallam
authors.forename: Kaltsa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maria
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatzoulis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pachiadakis