title: Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 versus placebo for treating diarrhea of greater than 4 days duration in infants and toddlers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Administering probiotics can prevent or cure some forms of diarrhea. The efficacy of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infants and toddlers with diarrhea >4 days was tested by a double-blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-one children aged 1-47 months with nonspecific diarrhea were randomized to receive either EcN suspension (N = 75) or placebo (N = 76). Diarrhea had to meet the following definition: >3 watery or loose nonbloody stools in 24 hours of a diarrheal episode persisting for >4 consecutive days but < or =14 days. All children were well nourished or only moderately malnourished, mildly dehydrated, and received oral rehydration at study commencement. They were treated orally with 1-3 mL EcN suspension (1 mL contains 10 viable cells) or placebo daily for 21 days. Primary objective was to confirm a better response rate (reduction of daily stool frequency to < or =3 watery or loose stools over > or =4 days) with EcN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7-day response was higher for the EcN group than placebo (EcN 78.7%, placebo 59.2%). Significant differences were observed on days 14 (EcN 93.3%, placebo 65.8%, P = 0.0017) and 21 (EcN 98.7%, placebo 71.1%, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis resulted in a significant difference of 3.3 days between the groups (P < 0.0001); median time to response for EcN was 2.4 and 5.7 for placebo. EcN was safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the conditions of this trial EcN was a suitable remedy for diarrhea >4 days in young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany. Jobst.Henker@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Jobst
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henker
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Laass
authors.forename: Boris M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Blokhin
authors.forename: Vitaliy G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Maydannik
authors.forename: Yuriy K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Bolbot
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elze
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulze
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome