title: Discriminative power of inflammatory markers for prediction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in ICU patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis at arbitrary time points.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the correlations and predictive strength of surrogate markers (body temperature, leukocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)) with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in septic patients on randomly chosen days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective consecutive case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-three patients experiencing ICU stays of longer than 48 h categorized for sepsis according to ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP and PCT were both significantly correlated with TNF-alpha and IL-6. Based on the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, predictive capability was highest for PCT (0.846 for TNF-alpha>40 pg/ml and 0.837 for IL-6>500 pg/ml), moderate with CRP (0.744 and 0.748, respectively), and lowest for leukocyte count (0.562 and 0.534, respectively) and body temperature (0.570 and 0.623, respectively). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and test effectiveness all followed this same pattern of being highest for PCT followed by CRP, with leukocyte count and body temperature being lowest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCT may be an early and better marker of elevated cytokines than the more classic criteria of inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Friedrich-Schiller-University, D-07740 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oberhoffer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Russwurm
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bredle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatzinicolaou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reinhart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001831:Body Temperature; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide