title: [Passive euthanasia in clinical practice--the medical decision reflected in the legal position].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Doctors are often confronted with end-of-life decisions. When deciding on the withdrawal of medical treatment physicians have to consider the legal position. This study was done to evaluated how far doctors at the university medical center in Düsseldorf had acted in conformity with the established case law in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April and August 2006 doctors at the university medical center in Düsseldorf filled in a standardized questionnaire about the decisions they had taken to withdraw life-support treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  128 of a total of 512 doctors questioned replied (25 %; 32,8 % females and 67,2 % males) . The survey showed that the judicial decision (that it is not necessary to provide treatment if life-support measures are not indicated) is largely determined by non-medical criteria. The clinical decision by doctors depended mainly on his personal opinion. Furthermore the survey showed that only a few doctors made use of the - lawful - option to withdraw medical treatment when this was not indicated. Finally the survey revealed that, in case of conflict between indication and perceived patients' wishes, the vast majority of doctors behaved in contravention of the decisions established by case law.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is the need to discuss what non-medical issues should be taken into account when determining the indication of withdrawal of life-support measures. The results also highlighted the uncertainties that exist regarding a doctor's decisions about it. Not only should legislation clarify whether "passive euthanasia" is allowed, but it would also be useful to delegate end-of-life decisions to a review board.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechtsfragen der Medizin, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grabensee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frister
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D003657:Decision Making; D005066:Euthanasia, Passive / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires