title: Public perception and behavior change in relationship to hot weather and air pollution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in climate systems are increasing heat wave frequency and air stagnation, both conditions associated with exacerbating poor air quality and of considerable public health concern.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Heat and air pollution advisory systems are in place in many cities for early detection and response to reduce health consequences, or severity of adverse conditions. Whereas the ability to forecast heat waves and/or air pollution episodes has become increasingly sophisticated and accurate, little is known about the effectiveness of advisories in altering public behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Air quality and meteorological conditions were measured during advisory and control days in Portland, OR and Houston, TX in 2005 and 2006 and 1962 subjects were interviewed by telephone about their perception and response to these conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated ambient temperatures were accurately recognized regardless of air conditioning use; in Portland, respondents resorted to active cooling behavior (AC, fan, etc.), while in Houston no such change was observed. More heat-related symptoms were reported in Portland compared to Houston, probably due to low air conditioning use in the northwest. One-third of study participants were aware of air quality advisories but only approximately 10-15% claimed to have changed activities during such an episode. Not the advisory, however, drove their behavior change, but rather the perception of poor air quality, which was not related to PM(2.5) or ozone measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Messages are not reaching the public during potentially hazardous weather and air quality conditions. Climatic forecasts are increasingly predictive but public agencies fail to mount an appropriate outreach response.
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA. semenzaj@pdx.edu
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Semenza
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Bontempo
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sailor
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D001519:Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone