title: Injectable calcium phosphate cement as a graft material for maxillary sinus augmentation: an experimental pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of injectable CaP cement as a graft material around dental implants in the maxillary sinus augmentation procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral sinus augmentation process was carried out in three sheep and two implants were inserted during the same session. Out of a total of 12 installed implants, eight belonged to the so-called experimental group. In the experimental group, injectable CaP cement was used as augmentation material while autologous bone served as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological examination revealed that newly formed bone surrounded the cement completely without an intervening fibrous tissue layer. Following a healing period of 12 weeks, mean bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values in the experimental and control groups were 36+/-5 and 37+/-3, respectively. The percentage of BIC was comparable with other experimental sinus augmentation studies. Further, it appeared that the thickness of the cortical bone that covered the outer surface of the maxillary sinus was < 2-3 mm, which affected the primary stability of the implants negatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CaP cement is indeed effective to stimulate bone formation in the sinus elevation procedure. Nevertheless, additional improvements in the cement composition are required to allow final clinical utilization of the material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aral
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yalçin
authors.forename: Zihni Cuneyt
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Karabuda
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anil
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Zihni
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mutlu
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007267:Injections; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012756:Sheep; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates