title: Phase II, open-label study evaluating the activity of imatinib in treating life-threatening malignancies known to be associated with imatinib-sensitive tyrosine kinases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the activity of imatinib in treating advanced, life-threatening malignancies expressing one or more imatinib-sensitive tyrosine kinases.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a phase II, open-label, single arm study. Patients > or = 15 years old with malignancies showing histologic or molecular evidence of expression/activation of imatinib-sensitive tyrosine kinases were enrolled. Patients were treated with 400 or 800 mg/d imatinib for hematologic malignancy and solid tumors, respectively. Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective was to identify evidence of imatinib activity with tumor response as the primary end point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-six patients with 40 different malignancies were enrolled (78.5% solid tumors, 21.5% hematologic malignancies). Confirmed response occurred in 8.9% of solid tumor patients (4 complete, 9 partial) and 27.5% of hematologic malignancy patients (8 complete, 3 partial). Notable activity of imatinib was observed in only five tumor types (aggressive fibromatosis, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, hypereosinophilic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, and systemic mastocytosis). A total of 106 tumors were screened for activating mutations: five KIT mutations and no platelet-derived growth factor receptor mutations were found. One patient with systemic mastocytosis and a partial response to therapy had a novel imatinib-sensitive KIT mutation (D816T). There was no clear relationship between expression or activation of wild-type imatinib-sensitive tyrosine kinases and clinical response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical benefit was largely confined to diseases with known genomic mechanisms of activation of imatinib target kinases. Our results indicate an important role for molecular characterization of tumors to identify patients likely to benefit from imatinib treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University Cancer Institute and Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA. heinrich@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joensuu
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Demetri
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corless
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Apperley
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soulieres
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dirnhofer
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harlow
authors.forename: Ajia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Town
authors.forename: Arin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKinley
authors.forename: Shane G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Supple
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: Lilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Scala
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Oosterom
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Zariana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nikolova
authors.forename: And Grant
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: McArthur
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D020796:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta