Pressure ulcer prevalence in intensive care patients: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
Pressure ulcers are a potential complication for intensive care patients and their prevention is a major issue in nursing care. Therefore, this study aims to assess pressure ulcer prevalence in intensive care patients, patients' characteristics and preventive measures related to pressure ulcer prevalence in intensive care patients and to determine the most common body sites of pressure ulcers.


METHODS
The research design was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1760 patients (298 in 2002, 408 in 2003, 453 in 2004, 368 in 2005 and 233 participants in 2006) from surgical, medical and interdisciplinary intensive care.


RESULTS
The results revealed a mean prevalence rate of +/-30% from 2002 to 2005 while it considerably decreased down to 16.2% in 2006. Half of the pressure ulcers were of grade 1. Furthermore, a significant relation was found between the presence of pressure ulcers and age (P <or= 0.022), Braden score (P <or= 0.01) and bowel incontinence (P <or= 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
It is crucial to select appropriate and applicable preventive material/devices and nursing care measures. Moreover, factors related to the presence of pressure ulcers should be taken into consideration in order to prevent development of further pressure ulcers.
Shahin
Eman S M
ES
Department of Nursing Science, Centre for the Humanitities and Health Sciences, Charlité, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany. eman.shahin@charite.de
Dassen
Theo
T
Halfens
Ruud J G
RJ
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications