title: Text intelligibility and the singer's formant--a relationship?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A clear enunciation of consonants is crucial to text intelligibility, and consonants are identified by specific formant frequency patterns. The singer's formant, a spectral peak near 3,000 Hz, enhances the higher formants in male opera singers' voices. It is well known that the second and higher formants are crucial to text intelligibility. Therefore, it seams reasonable to hypothesize that the singer's formant increases intelligibility of consonants and hence also the intelligibility of the text. For the same reason, text intelligibility of musical theatre singers, who lack a singer's formant, could be assumed to be lower than that of opera singers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two professional opera singers and two professional musical theatre singers sang a carrier phrase that contained one nonsense syllable. The phrases were masked with noise of different levels. The degree of intelligibility was measured by a listening test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the intelligibility was slightly higher for the musical theatre singers than for the opera singers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One possible reason for this would be that the musical theatre singers use formant frequencies more similar to those occurring in normal speech. Another reason could be that the formant transitions characterizing the consonants were considerably slower in the case of the musical theatre singers than in the case of the operatic singers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Music Hearing, KTH Voice Research Centre, SE-100 44 Stockholm. pjohan@speech.kth.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romedahl
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D009622:Noise; D010700:Phonetics; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014831:Voice