title: Role of serial quantitative gallium-67 tumor uptake in assessing response rates for chemotherapy in lymphoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in serial gallium-67 scans (GS) the role of semiquantitative tumor-to-background (Tm/Bg) and tumor-to-liver ratios in assessing response rates to chemotherapy, in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven consecutive patients (15 Hodgkin's disease and 12 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients) with an average age of 30 (range, 5-60) years underwent GS at prechemotherapy, early chemotherapy (after first cycle), and postchemotherapy. Average tumor, background, and liver region of interest counts obtained and Tm/Bg, tumor-to-liver, and liver region to background ratios were derived for each patient on serial GS. All patients were assessed by visual and quantitative GS and followed up clinically for more than 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At early visual GS, 70% (19 of 27) of the patients showed rapid response, 15% (four of 27) showed delayed response (negative at post-GS), and 15% showed no response. Mean early-GS Tm/Bg ratio of disease-free patients (1+/-0.04) was significantly different from relapsed (1.4+/-0.2) (P<0.025) and progressive disease (1.8+/-0.7) patients. A significant difference was noted (P<0.01) in serial paired comparisons of Tm/Bg ratios between pretherapy and early-therapy scans in relapsed patients, whereas progressive disease patients showed no significant change during the same time. At early-GS, 15 patients showed quantitative rapid response (Tm/Bg ratio 1.04), nine patients showed quantitative delayed response (Tm/Bg ratio >1.04 with significant serial change between pretherapy and early-therapy GS), and three patients showed quantitative no response (Tm/Bg ratio >1.04 with nonsignificant serial change between pretherapy and posttherapy GS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative GS is an effective tool in the detection of early response to chemotherapy. Quantitative response rates after the first cycle can more reliably identify patients who are most likely to be disease-free or relapse after first-line therapy or those that will show no response to therapy as compared with visual analysis alone.
authors.affiliation: aNuclear Medicine Department bOncology Department, Centre for Specialised Surgery, Kuwait cBiomedical Sciences Department, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nasser S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ballani
authors.forename: Haider A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Shihab H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Al-Mohannadi
authors.forename: Fawaz Abu
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Huda
authors.forename: Sharjeel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usmani
authors.forename: Mahmoud M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.forename: Salem H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Al-Shemmari
authors.forename: Hanan F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Al-Sawagh
authors.forename: Farha H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Al-Enezi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002951:Citrates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005708:Gallium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002951:Citrates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D005708:Gallium; C103850:gallium citrate