Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive review of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) in patients receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplant and to describe the implications for nursing care.


METHODS
Published research articles, reviews, case reports, and books.


RESULTS
Disagreement exists regarding the precise cause of HSOS. Prevention and treatment strategies have emerged based on these causative theories. Few published resources are available for nursing assessment and intervention specific to HSOS, although symptom management strategies derived from other disease etiologies can be used successfully.


CONCLUSIONS
HSOS is a complex consequence of myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. Although the overall incidence is declining, research continues to explore better methods for prophylaxis and develop more efficacious treatment options.


CONCLUSIONS
Nurses caring for patients receiving a hematopoietic stem cell transplant must comprehend the proposed etiologies for HSOS and be familiar with the manifestations of the syndrome. Symptom management requires a thorough understanding of affected organ systems.
Eisenberg
Seth
S
Seattle Cancer Care Alliance ambulatory clinic, Washington, USA. seisenbe@seattlecca.org
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015984:Causality; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006504:Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006529:Hepatomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011089:Polydeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000925:Anticoagulants; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D011089:Polydeoxyribonucleotides; C036901:defibrotide; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D000990:Antithrombin III