title: [Are narghile smokers different from cigarette smokers?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The extent of smoking related health and economic problems is causing increasing alarm throughout the world. In the last few years a great number of subjects, especially in the developing world, have been smoking narghile and epidemiological studies on narghile smoking are an essential subject for investigation. The objectives of this study are to describe the social and cultural characteristics of narghile smokers in Lebanon compared to tobacco smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our sample is based on the data of 37579 subjects who consulted a non-governmental organisation (NGO), the Hariri Foundation, between 2003 and 2005. This NGO comprises 22 specialised centres distributed throughout Lebanon. The following data concerning exclusive narghile and cigarette smokers were collected: age, sex, the type and duration of tobacco addiction and the level of education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  13776 subjects (36.6% of the sample) were smokers of whom 88% smoked mostly cigarettes. 1529 subjects (11.1%) smoked narghile exclusively, a prevalence of 4.06%. The narghile smokers were younger than the cigarette smokers with a mean age of 36.2+/-8.63 years compared to 45.52+/-1.87 years. The majority of narghile smokers were women (56.57%) giving a male/female ratio of 0.77. A large number of narghile smokers were recent consumers with an exposure of less than 5 years. They differed from the cigarette smokers of whom the majority (72.2%) had smoked for more than 10 years. The proportion of illiterate subjects was greater among the narghile smokers (36.2%) than the cigarette smokers (24.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of tobacco is a real and frequent problem in Lebanon. The consumption of narghile is scourge that is gaining popularity, notably among women and the young. This problem is becoming a public health issue that needs to be taken into account within the framework of an anti-smoking policy in Lebanon.
authors.affiliation: Département de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban. riachy@dm.net.lb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riachy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rehayem
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Safi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khayat
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aoun-Bacha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saade-Riachy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kouche
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geahchan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors