title: Mutations in the glucose-6-phosphatase-alpha (G6PC) gene that cause type Ia glycogen storage disease.
abstract: Glucose-6-phosphatase-alpha (G6PC) is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose and phosphate in the terminal step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Mutations in the G6PC gene, located on chromosome 17q21, result in glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. GSD-Ia patients manifest a disturbed glucose homeostasis, characterized by fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lactic acidemia, and growth retardation. G6PC is a highly hydrophobic glycoprotein, anchored in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum with the active center facing into the lumen. To date, 54 missense, 10 nonsense, 17 insertion/deletion, and three splicing mutations in the G6PC gene have been identified in more than 550 patients. Of these, 50 missense, two nonsense, and two insertion/deletion mutations have been functionally characterized for their effects on enzymatic activity and stability. While GSD-Ia is not more prevalent in any ethnic group, mutations unique to Caucasian, Oriental, and Jewish populations have been described. Despite this, GSD-Ia patients exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and a stringent genotype-phenotype relationship does not exist.
authors.affiliation: Section on Cellular Differentiation, Heritable Disorders Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830, USA. chouja@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Janice Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Mansfield
mesh_terms: D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D005953:Glycogen Storage Disease Type I / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase