title: Expansion of the ARX spectrum.
abstract: We present four patients with ARX mutations and widely variant clinical presentations. Case 1, a female with a known ARX mutation has refractory infantile spasms and severe mental retardation. Case 2, a male presented with a neurodegenerative disorder and has a known ARX mutation likely de novo as mother is not a carrier. Cases 3 and 4, two siblings with a novel variant in ARX, which is not clearly pathogenic, have developmental delay. One of the siblings had a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder, failure to thrive with severe feeding difficulties, intracranial hemorrhage, and seizures. There are very few affected females with ARX related infantile spasms. These cases expand the known phenotype of this emerging condition.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Service, Hackensack University Medical Center, 30 Prospect Avenue, Imus 210, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA. Rwallerstein@humed.com <Rwallerstein@humed.com>
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wallerstein
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sugalski
authors.forename: Leora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jawetz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friez
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020271:Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D038901:X-Linked Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D013036:Spasms, Infantile / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C469264:ARX protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA