title: Profile of patients triply infected with HIV and the hepatitis B and C viruses in the HAART era.
abstract: HIV-HCV-HBV-coinfected patients were assessed to characterize the viral interactions in the setting of HIV coinfection and in the HAART era. All positive anti-HCV antibody and HBs antigen-positive HIV-infected patients were identified at five HIV clinics. Antihepatitis delta (HDV) antibody, serum HIV RNA, HCV RNA, and HBV DNA quantification and genotype determinations were performed. Out of 67 patients identified 47 (70%) were receiving anti-HBV therapy. HCV RNA and HBV DNA were detectable in 52.5% and 37% of patients, respectively. All possible patterns were found, regardless of anti-HBV therapy. HDV coinfection was associated with undetectable HCV RNA [RR 9.52 (95% CI 1.85-49.01); p = 0.007]. Independent factors predicting undetectable HBV DNA lacked HBeAg [RR 13.94 (95% CI 3.05-63.72); p = 0.001] and use of anti-HBV therapy [RR 11.42 (95% CI 2.43-53.54); p = 0.002]. Replication and genotypes of HCV or HBV had no impact on the replication of the other virus. In conclusion, in this cohort of triple infection (HBV/HCV/HIV) various viral patterns were identified. Spontaneous HCV clearance was frequent, and it was independently associated with HDV coinfection. In the absence of HBV therapy, HBV most often actively replicates. HBV/HCV replication or genotypes were not related to the replication of the other virus.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérez-Saleme
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pegram
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mura
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Margalet
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saldívar-Cornejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babudieri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Núñez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000453:epidemiology; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral