title: Sleep in conduct-disordered adolescents--a polysomnographic and spectral power analysis study.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to characterize sleep in conduct-disordered adolescents using polysomnography and spectral power analysis. The two hypotheses were that conduct disorder would be associated with objective sleep problems, and that conduct disorder--as a precursor of adult antisocial personality disorder--would be associated with the same kind of abnormal sleep architecture, with both increased deep sleep and delta power, as previously reported in antisocial personality disorder. The patients consisted of 15 adolescents (age range 13-17 years, mean age 14.7 years) with histories of antisocial behavior so functionally impairing that they were ordered by child welfare to undergo a psychosocial evaluation in a closed social services ward. The healthy age-matched controls comprised 20 volunteers recruited with a newspaper advertisement. Opposite to earlier subjective sleep studies among conduct-disordered children, no significant differences in sleep parameters were observed between the two groups. The adolescents with conduct disorder slept a little bit longer, but the percentage amount of different sleep stages did not differ significantly between the two groups. Relative spectral power of sleep, delta power in particular, was similar in both groups, assessed in total sleep time as well as in first half of it. Different alternative explanations for these findings are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adolescence Psychiatry, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Eila
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sailas
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virkkala
authors.forename: Anna-Sofia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Urrila
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Virkkunen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D035061:Control Groups; D003700:Delta Rhythm / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology