title: Team training: implications for emergency and critical care pediatrics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The field of team training is quickly evolving and data are emerging to support the close relationship between effective teamwork and patient safety in medicine. This paper provides a review of the literature on team training with specific emphasis on the perspectives of emergency and critical care pediatricians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Errors in medicine are most frequently due to an interaction of human factors like poor teamwork and poor communication rather than individual mistakes. Critical care settings and those in which patients are at the extremes of age are particularly high-risk, making emergency and critical care pediatrics a special area of concern. Team training is one approach for reducing error and enhancing patient safety. Currently, there is no single standard for team training in medicine, but multiple disciplines, including anesthesiology, emergency medicine and neonatology, have adapted key principles from other high-reliability industries such as aviation into crisis resource management training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Team training holds promise to improve patient safety in pediatric emergency departments and critical care settings. We must carefully delineate the optimal instructional strategies to improve team behaviors and combine these with rigorous outcomes assessment to diagnose team problems and prescribe targeted solutions, and determine their long-term impact on patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA. weppich@childrensmemorial.org
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Eppich
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brannen
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003422:Critical Care; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006126:Group Processes; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*; D012449:Safety