title: Pharmacogenetic and metabolic differences between dog breeds: their impact on canine medicine and the use of the dog as a preclinical animal model.
abstract: There is limited information describing species related pharmacogenetic differences in animals. Despite the lack of genetic information in veterinary medicine, breed specific responses to endogenous and exogenous substances have been reported across many species. This finding underscores the importance of obtaining insight into the genotypic and phenotypic variation present across breeds. This article provides a summary of the literature pertaining to canine breed differences in physiology, drug response, drug pharmacokinetics, and metabolic idiosyncrasies. The existing knowledge of pedigrees and the known phenotypes and genotypes of dogs provides important information for determining mode of inheritance, penetration, and other major characteristics of heritable traits. Understanding these breed differences will improve canine population predictions (for canine drug products) and may be of value when extrapolating toxicology data from dogs to humans.
authors.affiliation: Center for Veterinary Medicine, The Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, HFV-130, Rockville, Massachusetts 20855, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mealey
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ostrander
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000235:genetics*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D023421:Models, Animal; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations