title: Validation by calibration of the UCLA integrated staging system prognostic model for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To the authors' knowledge, calibration of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Integrated Staging System (UISS) prognostic score in patients nephrectomized for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has never been specifically addressed. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the calibration of the UISS prognostic score in a European multicenter retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six European centers participated in the study. According to the UISS, the endpoint was overall survival (OS). Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. For calibration assessment, the approach of 'validation by calibration' first proposed by Van Houwelingen was used. The original prognostic score is embedded in a 'calibration model' that allows testing, in the validation cohort, the baseline hazards function as well the model linear predictor. Estimates of the 'calibration model' were used to recalibrate the UISS score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2471 available subjects, 399 had died of any cause within the first 5 years. The observed OS curves were compared with the corresponding expected model-based curves. The UISS model did not adequately predict OS, particularly in the extreme categories (P < .0001). Patients in the validation sample, indeed, fared systematically better than patients in the developing cohort. There was no evidence, instead, of a change in the relative effect of the prognostic covariates. After recalibration, the UISS score worked well in the validation cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UISS score has good discrimination accuracy and is based on an adequately developed risk function. However, it systematically underestimates OS. At least in a European cohort of RCC patients, the use of the recalibrated UISS model could improve prediction accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, G. Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy. lucacindolo@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cindolo
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiodini
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schips
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tostain
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de La Taille
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Artibani
authors.forename: Jean Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Patard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002138:Calibration; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis