title: Critical issues in mucosal immunity for HIV-1 vaccine development.
abstract: Development of a safe and effective vaccine for HIV-1 infection is a critical global priority. However, the nature of host-virus interactions that lead to early immunosuppression and CD4 depletion, HIV-1 diversity, and the inability of the immune system to eliminate the latently infected CD4 pool of cells has to date thwarted successful vaccine development. Moreover, both the initial antibody-inducing vaccine (protein envelope gp120) and cell-mediated vaccine (recombinant adenovirus containing HIV-1 genes) strategies have failed in efficacy trials, and the latter cell-mediated vaccine appeared to have caused enhanced HIV-1 acquisition. Thus basic and translational research to understand why current vaccines have failed and elucidation of new mechanisms of virus control at mucosal surfaces is essential for eventual successful development of a preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA. hayne002@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Barton F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shattock
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies