title: In vivo investigations on anti-fibrotic potential of proteasome inhibition in lung and skin fibrosis.
abstract: In systemic sclerosis (SSc), a disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, the occurrence of interstitial lung disease is responsible for high morbidity and mortality. We previously demonstrated that proteasome inhibitors (PI) show anti-fibrotic properties in vitro by reducing collagen production and favoring collagen degradation in a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent manner in human fibroblasts. Therefore, we tested whether PI could control fibrosis development in bleomycin-induced lung injury, which is preceded by massive inflammation. We extended the study to test PI in TSK-1/+ mice, where skin fibrosis develops in the absence of overt inflammation. C57Bl/6 mice received bleomycin intratracheally and were treated or not with PI. Lung inflammation and fibrosis were assessed by histology and quantification of hydroxyproline content, type I collagen mRNA, and TGF-beta at Days 7, 15, and 21, respectively. Histology was used to detect skin fibrosis in TSK-1/+mice. The chymotryptic activity of 20S proteasome was assessed in mice blood. JNK and Smad2 phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot on lung protein extracts. PI reduced collagen mRNA levels in murine lung fibroblasts, without affecting their viability in vitro. In addition, PI inhibited the chymotryptic activity of proteasome and enhanced JNK and TGF-beta signaling in vivo. PI failed to prevent bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis and to attenuate skin fibrosis in TSK-1/+mice. In conclusion, our results provide direct evidence that, despite promising in vitro results, proteasome blockade may not be a strategy easily applicable to control fibrosis development in diseases such as lung fibrosis and scleroderma.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fineschi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bongiovanni
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: Souad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djaafar
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naso
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goffin
authors.forename: Constance Barazzone
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Argiroffo
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dayer
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Lacraz
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chizzolini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D024042:Collagen Type I; D007976:Leupeptins; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C475219:Tsk1 protein, mouse; D001761:Bleomycin; D000069286:Bortezomib; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde; D006909:Hydroxyproline