The Salmonella PmrAB regulon: lipopolysaccharide modifications, antimicrobial peptide resistance and more.
Microbes are able to sense and respond to their environment primarily through the use of two-component regulatory systems. Many of these systems activate virulence-factor expression and are regulated by host-derived signals, having evolved to control gene expression at the key time and place for optimal establishment and maintenance of infection. Salmonella spp. are enteric pathogens that are able to survive both within host macrophages during systemic spread and killing by innate immune factors at intestinal mucosal surfaces. This review focuses on a key mechanism of pathogenesis that involves the PmrA-PmrB two-component system, which is activated in vivo by direct or indirect means and regulates genes that modify lipopolysaccharide, aiding survival in host (and non-host) environments.
Gunn
John S
JS
Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1214, USA. gunn.43@osu.edu
D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018085:Regulon / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014774:Virulence
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C409039:PmrB protein, bacteria; D014157:Transcription Factors; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria