title: Enhanced gait-related improvements after therapist- versus robotic-assisted locomotor training in subjects with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Locomotor training (LT) using a treadmill can improve walking ability over conventional rehabilitation in individuals with hemiparesis, although the personnel requirements often necessary to provide LT may limit its application. Robotic devices that provide consistent symmetrical assistance have been developed to facilitate LT, although their effectiveness in improving locomotor ability has not been well established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight ambulatory chronic stroke survivors stratified by severity of locomotor deficits completed a randomized controlled study on the effects of robotic- versus therapist-assisted LT. Both groups received 12 LT sessions for 30 minutes at similar speeds, with guided symmetrical locomotor assistance using a robotic orthosis versus manual facilitation from a single therapist using an assist-as-needed paradigm. Outcome measures included gait speed and symmetry, and clinical measures of activity and participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater improvements in speed and single limb stance time on the impaired leg were observed in subjects who received therapist-assisted LT, with larger speed improvements in those with less severe gait deficits. Perceived rating of the effects of physical limitations on quality of life improved only in subjects with severe gait deficits who received therapist-assisted LT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapist-assisted LT facilitates greater improvements in walking ability in ambulatory stroke survivors as compared to a similar dosage of robotic-assisted LT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor St, M/C 898, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. tgh@uic.edu
authors.forename: T George
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hornby
authors.forename: Donielle D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Jennifer H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Tobey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demott
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Heidi R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface