Diagnostic and pathogenic significance of glutamate receptor autoantibodies.
Autoantibodies against glutamate receptors, first reported in Rasmussen encephalitis, have been observed in other focal epilepsies, central nervous system ischemic infarcts, transient ischemic attacks, sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus, and paraneoplastic encephalopathies. The detection of glutamate receptor autoantibodies is not useful in the evaluation of Rasmussen encephalitis but may be a biomarker for brain ischemia, and it is helpful in diagnosing certain paraneoplastic encephalopathies. Passive transfer of glutamate receptor autoantibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or paraneoplastic encephalopathy suggests that glutamate receptor autoantibodies can actively contribute to neurologic dysfunction.
Pleasure
David
D
Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. david.pleasure@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020361:Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000276:immunology*
D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate