title: Very-low-dose ketamine for the management of pain and sedation in the ICU.
abstract: Management of pain in critically ill patients can be very difficult. In the attempt to provide comfort with adequate levels of opioids and sedatives, respiratory depression and cardiovascular instability may become difficult to control in patients with labile hemodynamics and poor cardiopulmonary reserve. The use of medications like ketamine, an anesthetic agent that in subanesthetic doses has been reported to be effective in preventing opioid-induced tolerance and to have analgesic properties, may be of help, especially in patients who develop tolerance, leading to rapidly escalating doses of opioids and sedatives. The case report presented here shows how a very low dose of ketamine can be helpful for the management of pain and sedation in critically ill patients, especially when they are ready to be weaned from mechanical ventilation, and very high doses of opiods and sedatives do not permit it.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Pinto
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jelacic
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D007649:Ketamine