title: The 21st century role of Piver type II hysterectomy in FIGO stage IA, IB cervical cancer: a personal perspective.
abstract: Class II modified radical hysterectomy reported in 1974 by Piver, Rutledge and Smith for cervical cancer is an extended hysterectomy that has less dissection of the ureter from the paracervical tissues, ligation of the uterine vessels just medial to the ureter to ensure preservation of the distal ureteral blood supply, and less radical parametrectomy preserving the lateral parametrium. The authors present a 21st century personal perspective on the use of a type II hysterectomy based on the 1994 FIGO changes in classification of Stage IAI, IA2, IBI and IB2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sisters of Charity Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Piver
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*