title: Pulses of extracellular K+ produce two cytosolic Ca2+ transients that display different temperature dependence and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl sensitivity in SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: In SH-SY5Y cells we have shown that stimulation with high extracellular K+ ([K+]e) evokes a transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) (K+on) that is triggered by the opening of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and followed by Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Xu, F., Zhang, J., Recio-Pinto, E. and Blanck, T.J., Halothane and isoflurane augment depolarization-induced cytosolic CA2+ transients and attenuate carbachol-stimulated CA2+ transients, Anesthesiology, 92 (2000) 1746-56). The removal of high-[K+]e results in a second transient increase in [Ca2+]cyt (K+off) that is independent of extracellular Ca2+ (Corrales, A., Montoya, G.J., Sutachan, J.J., Cornillez-Ty, G., Garavito-Aguilar, Z., Xu, F., Blanck, T.J. and Recio-Pinto, E., Transient increases in extracellular K+ produce two pharmacological distinct cytosolic Ca2+ transients, Brain Res., 1031 (2005) 174-184). In this study we further characterize the properties of K+off. We found that K+off was detectable at near physiological temperatures (34-36 degrees C) but, depending on the level of [K+]e, it was undetectable or highly diminished at room temperature. In contrast, K+on was increased by lowering the temperature. Extracellular Na+ -replacement with K+ did not affect K+off, indicating that K+off was not generated by osmolarity changes. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with choline+ did not affect K+off, indicating that K+off did not result from activity changes of the plasma membrane Na+/Ca2+ exchanger. Caffeine decreased K+on but not K+off. CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl), a protonophore uncoupler that decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, decreased K+on but not K+off. CGP37157, an inhibitor of the mitochondria Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, decreased K+off when added alone but not when added simultaneously with CCCP. Clonazepam had similar effects as CGP37157. These findings indicate that the generation of K+off is strongly temperature-dependent and its pharmacology is distinct from the [Ca2+]cyt changes observed previously at room temperature.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Department, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Montoya G
authors.forename: Jhon-Jairo
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sutachan
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Thomas J J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Blanck
authors.forename: Esperanza
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Recio-Pinto
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature; D013841:Thiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D007476:Ionophores; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D013841:Thiazepines; C100076:mesoxalonitrile; D002110:Caffeine; D002258:Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; D002998:Clonazepam; D011189:Potassium Chloride; C079032:CGP 37157; D002118:Calcium