title: Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with medetomidine and hydromorphone.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy adult dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs received 3 induction regimens in a randomized crossover study. Twenty minutes after sedation with medetomidine (10 microg/kg, IV) and hydromorphone (0.05 mg/kg, IV), anesthesia was induced with ketamine-diazepam, propofol, or thiopental and then maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Measurements were obtained prior to sedation (baseline), 10 minutes after administration of preanesthetic medications, after induction before receiving oxygen, and after the start of isoflurane-oxygen administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doses required for induction were 1.25 mg of ketamine/kg with 0.0625 mg of diazepam/kg, 1 mg of propofol/kg, and 2.5 mg of thiopental/kg. After administration of preanesthetic medications, heart rate (HR), cardiac index, and PaO(2) values were significantly lower and mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, and PaCO(2) values were significantly higher than baseline values for all regimens. After induction of anesthesia, compared with postsedation values, HR was greater for ketamine-diazepam and thiopental regimens, whereas PaCO(2) tension was greater and stroke index values were lower for all regimens. After induction, PaO(2) values were significantly lower and HR and cardiac index values significantly higher for the ketamine-diazepam regimen, compared with values for the propofol and thiopental regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medetomidine and hydromorphone caused dramatic hemodynamic alterations, and at the doses used, the 3 induction regimens did not induce important additional cardiovascular alterations. However, administration of supplemental oxygen is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1H 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Saad S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Enouri
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Wayne N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: McDonell
authors.forename: Doris H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dyson
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D013874:Thiopental; D020926:Medetomidine; D003975:Diazepam; D004091:Hydromorphone; D015742:Propofol