title: The natural history of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men: onset, progression, and spontaneous remission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the onset, progression, and remission of symptomatic androgen deficiency (SAD) using longitudinal data from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, population-based study of men living in Boston, Massachusetts. Data were collected in three waves: T1 (1987/89), T2 (1995/97), T3 (2002/04). Onset, progression, and remission were defined in terms of transitions in SAD status from one wave to the next.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-person, in-home interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred sixty-six community-dwelling men aged 40 to 70 at baseline (T1) contributed data from T1 to T2 and 391 from T2 to T3.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAD was defined in terms of serum total and free testosterone (T) levels and symptoms associated with low circulating androgens. Total T and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using radioimmunoassay. Free T was calculated from total T and SHBG measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At T2 or T3, the likelihood of SAD was markedly greater for subjects who had exhibited SAD at the previous wave (odds ratio=3.8, 95% confidence interval=1.9-7.4), overall 55% of subjects who exhibited SAD experienced remission by the next study wave. The probability of SAD was greater with older age and greater body mass index. Multivariate models demonstrated that the likelihood of remission was at least 50% for most subpopulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over approximately 15 years of follow-up, SAD did not represent a stable health state. The likelihood of SAD would remit exceeded the likelihood that it would not, particularly among younger and leaner men.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Massachusetts 02474, USA. ttravison@neriscience.com
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Travison
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shackelton
authors.forename: Andre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D047649:Andropause / Q000502:physiology*; D001900:Boston; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone