title: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea, nocturia, and daytime overactive bladder syndrome in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to corroborate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturia in a clinical sample of urogynecologic patients and to explore whether night-time urine concentration predicts the presence of OSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with nocturia and control subjects underwent a home sleep study, completed validated nocturia questionnaires, and provided evening and morning urine specimens that were analyzed for osmolarity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients with nocturia (16 of whom also had daytime overactive bladder [OAB] symptoms) and 10 control subjects were studied. OSA was present in 17 of 21 women (81%) with nocturia: 13 women (81%) with OAB, 4 women (80%) with nocturia/no OAB, and 4 control subjects (40%; P < .001). The percentage of rapid eye movement sleep time was correlated inversely with nocturic frequency (rho = -.51; P < .004). The presence of diluted nighttime urine in a patient with nocturia was 88% sensitive for the presence of OSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We should consider a diagnosis of OSA in all patients with nocturia, even those patients with daytime OAB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60153, USA. lowensteinMD@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenton
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Giora
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pillar
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Undevia
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Mary Pat
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053158:Nocturia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012895:Sleep, REM; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology*