title: Partial resistance to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists in ZDF rats is associated with defective hepatic mitochondrial metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluxes through mitochondrial pathways are defective in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle, but it is unclear whether similar mitochondrial defects play a role in the liver during insulin resistance and/or diabetes. The purpose of this study is to determine whether abnormal mitochondrial metabolism plays a role in the dysregulation of both hepatic fat and glucose metabolism during diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mitochondrial fluxes were measured using (2)H/(13)C tracers and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in ZDF rats during early and advanced diabetes. To determine whether defects in hepatic fat oxidation can be corrected by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-)-alpha activation, rats were treated with WY14,643 for 3 weeks before tracer administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic mitochondrial fat oxidation in the diabetic liver was impaired twofold secondary to decreased ketogenesis, but tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity and pyruvate carboxylase flux were normal in newly diabetic rats and elevated in older rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with a PPAR-alpha agonist induced hepatic fat oxidation via ketogenesis and hepatic TCA cycle activity but failed to lower fasting glycemia or endogenous glucose production. In fact, PPAR-alpha agonism overstimulated mitochondrial TCA cycle flux and induced pyruvate carboxylase flux and gluconeogenesis in lean rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impairment of certain mitochondrial fluxes, but preservation or induction of others, suggests a complex defect in mitochondrial metabolism in the diabetic liver. These data indicate an important codependence between hepatic fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the normal and diabetic state and potentially explain the sometimes equivocal effect of PPAR-alpha agonists on glycemia.
authors.affiliation: The Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Santhosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satapati
authors.forename: Tianteng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esser
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mangelsdorf
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kliewer
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D047493:PPAR alpha; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014280:Triglycerides; C006253:pirinixic acid; D005947:Glucose