title: Milwaukee brace today.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of the Milwaukee brace and its psychological impact and to define whether its use is still acceptable today by a review of literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bibliographic search on PubMed and Medline database using keywords, 'scoliosis and brace' was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Milwaukee brace 23-hours wearing protocol was most effective for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. However, 23-hours wearing protocol has some drawbacks, and even the patients using thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis wore their brace only for around 60% of the time prescribed as their wearing protocol. Our Milwaukee brace part-time wearing treatment was effective, and by its use combined with physical therapy, better results than the natural history were obtained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With part-time wearing protocol, the Milwaukee brace can survive today as a treatment option for idiopathic scoliosis with thoracic curve or double curve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University. tmaruyama17@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001915:Braces; D006801:Humans; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome