title: How do proxy responses and proxy-assisted responses differ from what Medicare beneficiaries might have reported about their health care?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess proxy respondent effects on health care evaluations by Medicare beneficiaries.
  
  
  METHODS
  110,215 respondents from the nationally representative 2001 CAHPS((R)) Medicare Fee-for-Service Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compare the effects of both proxy respondents and proxy assistance (reading, writing, or translating) on 23 "objective" report items and four "subjective" global measures of health care experiences using propensity-score-weighted regression. We assess whether proxy effects differ among spouses, other relatives, or nonrelatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proxy respondents provide less positive evaluations of beneficiary health care experiences than otherwise similar self-reporting beneficiaries for more subjective global ratings (average effect of 0.21 standard deviations); differences are smaller for relatively objective and specific report items. Proxy assistance differences are similar, but about half as large. Reports from spouse proxy respondents are more positive than those from other proxies and are similar to what would have been reported by the beneficiaries themselves. Standard regression techniques may overestimate proxy effects in this instance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One should treat proxy responses to subjective ratings cautiously. Even seemingly innocuous reading, writing, and translation by proxies may influence answers. Spouses may be accurate proxies for the elderly in evaluations of health care.
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Megan K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Beckett
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hambarsoomians
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018588:Fee-for-Service Plans; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019727:Proxy; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States