title: Levels of DNA damage in blood leukocyte samples from non-diabetic and diabetic female rats and their fetuses exposed to air or cigarette smoke.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate DNA damage level in blood leukocytes from diabetic and non-diabetic female Wistar rats exposed to air or to cigarette smoke, and to correlate the findings with levels of DNA damage detected in blood leukocyte samples from their fetuses. A total of 20 rats were distributed into four experimental groups: non-diabetic (control; G1) and diabetic exposed to filtered air (G2); non-diabetic (G3) and diabetic (G4) exposed to cigarette smoke. Rats placed into whole-body exposure chambers were exposed for 30min to filtered air (control) or to tobacco smoke generated from 10 cigarettes, twice a day, for 2 months. Diabetes was induced by a pancreatic beta-cytotoxic agent, streptozotocin (40mg/kgb.w.). At day 21 of pregnancy, each rat was anesthetized and humanely killed to obtain maternal and fetal blood samples for genotoxicity analysis using the alkaline comet assay. G2, G3 and G4 dams presented higher DNA damage values in tail moment and tail length as compared to G1 group. There was a significant positive correlation between DNA damage levels in blood leukocyte samples from G2 and G3 groups (tail moment); G3 and G4 groups (tail length) and G3 group (tail intensity) and their fetuses. Thus, this study showed the association of severe diabetes and tobacco cigarette smoke exposure did not exacerbate levels of maternal and fetal DNA damages related with only diabetes or cigarette smoke exposure. Based on the results obtained and taking into account other published data, maternal diabetes requires rigid clinical control and public health and education campaigns should be increased to encourage individuals, especially pregnant women, to stop smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University , São Paulo State, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Helena Ortiz
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Débora Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Damasceno
authors.forename: Yuri Karen
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Sinzato
authors.forename: Maricelma da Silva Soares
authors.initials: Mda S
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Daisy Maria Fávero
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Iracema de Mattos Paranhos
authors.initials: Ide M
authors.lastname: Calderon
authors.forename: Marilza Vieira Cunha
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Rudge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution