title: ADHD as a (non) allergic hypersensitivity disorder: a hypothesis.
abstract: Research data concerning the causal association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergies are conflicting. Allergic disorders, like asthma and eczema are clinical syndromes in which both genetic predisposition and environmental factors (pets, pollen and foods) contribute to its development. The hypothesis of ADHD, in some children also being an allergic disorder, is postulated based on comparison of the mechanisms underlying the development of ADHD and allergic disorders. According to the accepted terminology, ADHD may comply with the criteria of hypersensitivity, allergy and atopy. This hypothesis has to be thoroughly tested by randomized controlled trials using environmental triggers and immunologic research. As genes related to the immune system may be associated with ADHD, further genetic research is compulsory. Immunotherapeutic approaches, using immunotherapy and probiotics, can subsequently be implicated in the treatment of ADHD. If hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli like foods contributes to the development of ADHD, the assessment and treatment of ADHD will have to be reconsidered, thereby improving the quality of care for these patients.
authors.affiliation: ADHD Research Centre, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lidy M J
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pelsser
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
authors.forename: Huub F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Savelkoul
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002648:Child; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D004035:Diet Therapy; D004298:Dopamine / Q000235:genetics; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D004298:Dopamine