title: Cockayne syndrome type II in a Druze isolate in Northern Israel in association with an insertion mutation in ERCC6.
abstract: Cockayne syndrome (CS) (OMIM #133540) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by severe growth and developmental retardation, progressive neurological dysfunction and symptoms of premature aging. The underlying cause of the disease is a defect in transcription-coupled DNA repair, specifically the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. To date, about half of the reported CS cases have an altered cellular response to UV resulting from mutations in either the CSA or the CSB genes. We have identified a large, highly consanguineous, Druze kindred descended from a single ancestor, with six CS cases. All six of them presented with the congenital severe phenotype that includes severe failure to thrive, severe mental retardation, congenital cataracts, loss of adipose tissue, joint contractures, distinctive face with small, deep-set eyes and prominent nasal bridge, and kyphosis. They had no language skills, could not sit or walk independently, and died by the age of 5 years. Cellular studies of the fibroblasts from three patients showed a significant defect in transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) and a marked correction of the abnormal cellular phenotype with a plasmid containing the cDNA of the ERCC6 gene. Molecular studies led to identification of a novel insertion mutation, c.1034-1035insT in exon 5 of the ERCC6 gene (p.Lys345Asnfs*24). This mutation was identified in 1:15 healthy individuals from the same village, indicating an extremely high carrier frequency. Identification of the causative mutation enables comprehensive genetic counseling among the population at risk from this village.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Genetics, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel. tzipora.falik@naharia.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Tzipora C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Falik-Zaccai
authors.forename: Meital
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laskar
authors.forename: Nechama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kfir
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: Hanoch
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Slor
authors.forename: Morad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khayat
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000528:radiation effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003057:Cockayne Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000528:radiation effects; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000528:radiation effects; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010375:Pedigree; D010808:Physical Examination; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014162:Transfection; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D004265:DNA Helicases; C078673:ERCC6 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes