title: Sensitivity and bias under conditions of equal and unequal academic task difficulty.
abstract: We conducted an experimental analysis of children's relative problem-completion rates across two workstations under conditions of equal (Experiment 1) and unequal (Experiment 2) problem difficulty. Results were described using the generalized matching equation and were evaluated for degree of schedule versus stimulus control. Experiment 1 involved a symmetrical choice arrangement in which the children could earn points exchangeable for rewards contingent on correct math problem completion. Points were delivered according to signaled variable-interval schedules at each workstation. For 2 children, relative rates of problem completion appeared to have been controlled by the schedule requirements in effect and matched relative rates of reinforcement, with sensitivity values near 1 and bias values near 0. Experiment 2 involved increasing the difficulty of math problems at one of the workstations. Sensitivity values for all 3 participants were near 1, but a substantial increase in bias toward the easier math problems was observed. This bias was possibly associated with responding at the more difficult workstation coming under stimulus control rather than schedule control.
authors.affiliation: Syracuse University, USA. dreed@syr.edu
authors.forename: Derek D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Martens
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009042:Motivation; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011340:Problem Solving; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D014040:Token Economy