title: AFM for diagnosis of nanocrystallization of steels in hardening processes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to investigate the nanocrystallization of steels caused by the transformation from the austenitic to the martensitic phase induced by a severe plastic deformation (SPD) treatment. In this framework, we applied an air blast shot peening treatment, which is a simple protocol widely used for industrial purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  AISI 286 and AISI 316 specimens were peened for different times and polished using diamond pastes in order to remove corrugations higher than 1 mum. The characterization of the steel surfaces was performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in contact mode. Additional EDXD measurements were performed to confirm the phase transition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An AFM-based characterization at nanometric level of the steel surfaces is provided. When the peening exceeds a threshold time that, as expected, depends on the steel composition, a uniform nanostructuration is detected. It is well known that such rearrangement is associated to the growth of a martensitic phase. To date, AFM has been employed in this field only for few applications and to solve specific problems. On the other hand, our results demonstrate that this is a useful technique for the characterization of hardened surfaces, especially when non-destructive sample preparation treatments are required. Moreover, we show that AFM can be a useful tool also for in situ industrial diagnostics of metallic parts.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy. pompeo@ism.cnr.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pompeo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girasole
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cricenti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bailo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ronci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maras
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serracino
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Moretti