title: Shigellosis: the current status of vaccine development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shigellosis, a major form of bacillary dysentery, is caused by infection with Shigella organisms. In poor countries, Shigella-caused dysentery is endemic and causes an estimated 163 million illness episodes annually and more than one million deaths. Although several strategies have been used to develop vaccines targeting shigellosis, none has been licensed for use outside China. Owing to the wide range of Shigella serotypes and subtypes, there is a need for a multivalent vaccine representing prevalent species and serotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vaccine development has been limited by the lack of a suitable animal model for vaccine testing. This review discusses the most advanced strategies for Shigella vaccine development including live attenuated, conjugate, broad spectrum, and proteosome-based vaccines and describes current animal models under study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greatest barrier to the use of vaccine against shigellosis in developing areas is poor immune responses to oral vaccines in children who have minimal maternal antibodies. Clinical studies of promising shigellosis vaccine candidates are urgently needed after confirmation of safety, immunogenicity, and protection in volunteer challenge models.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, Korea. mnkweon@ivi.int
authors.forename: Mi-Na
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kweon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003906:Developing Countries; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D022281:Shigella Vaccines / Q000592:standards; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000276:immunology*; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000276:immunology*; D012764:Shigella sonnei / Q000276:immunology*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000592:standards; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D022281:Shigella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate