title: Quantification of atrazine and its metabolites in urine by on-line solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: We have developed a method using on-line solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) and isotope dilution quantification to measure atrazine and seven atrazine metabolites in urine. The metabolites measured were hydroxyatrazine, diaminochloroatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, desethylatrazine mercapturate, atrazine mercaturate and atrazine itself. Our method has good precision (relative standard deviations ranging from 4 to 20% at 5, 10 and 50 ng/mL), extraction efficiencies of 67 to 102% at 5 and 25 ng/mL, relative recoveries of 87 to 112% at 5, 25, 50 and 100 ng/mL limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.03 to 2.80 ng/mL. The linear range of our method spans from the analyte LOD to 100 ng/mL (40 ng/mL for atrazine and atrazine mercapturate) with R (2) values of greater than 0.999 and errors about the slope of less than 3%. Our method is rapid, cost-effective and suitable for large-scale sample analyses and is easily adaptable to other biological matrices. More importantly, this method will allow us to better assess human exposure to atrazine-related chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, N.E., MS F-17, Atlanta, GA, 30360, USA.
authors.forename: Parinya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panuwet
authors.forename: Johnny V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuklenyik
authors.forename: Simeon O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Udunka
authors.forename: Larry L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D001280:Atrazine