title: Proactive treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD) using low dose, intermittent, topical anti-inflammatory agents may control acute disease and prevent relapses. This 12-month, European, multicentre, randomized study investigated whether the proactive use of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment applied twice weekly can keep AD in remission and reduce the incidence of disease exacerbations (DE).
  
  
  METHODS
  During the initial open-label period, 257 adults with AD applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment twice daily (b.i.d.) for up to 6 weeks to affected areas. When an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of < or =2 was achieved, the patient entered the disease control period (DCP) and was randomized to either proactive tacrolimus (n = 116) or vehicle ointment (n = 108) twice weekly for 12 months. Exacerbations were treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment b.i.d. until an IGA < or =2 was regained, then randomized treatment was restarted. The primary endpoint was the number of DEs during the DCP that required a substantial therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proactive tacrolimus 0.1% ointment application significantly reduced the number of DEs requiring substantial therapeutic intervention (median difference 2; P < 0.001; Wilcoxon rank sum test), the percentage of DE treatment days (median difference: 15.2%; P < 0.001; Wilcoxon rank sum test) and increased the time to first DE (median 142 vs 15 days; P < 0.001; stratified log-rank test). The adverse event profile was similar for the two treatment approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 12-month, twice weekly proactive tacrolimus ointment application was an effective treatment in most study patients which prevented, delayed and reduced the occurrence of AD exacerbations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wollenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reitamo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atzori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahfa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruzicka
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannetti
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deleuran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009824:Ointments; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009824:Ointments; D016559:Tacrolimus