title: Frequency of impaired oral glucose tolerance test in high risk pregnancies for gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of impaired oral glucose tolerance test in high risk pregnancies for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in Obstetric Ward and outpatient department, at Baqai Hospital, Nazimabad and Fatima Hospital, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, from May to October 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 high risk pregnancies for gestational diabetes mellitus were selected through outpatient department of obstetrics. Data was collected according to certain obstetric and non-obstetric risk factors for GDM as inclusion criteria through a designed proforma i.e. family history of diabetes, macrosomia (i.e, wt > 3.5 kg), abortions, grand multiparity, a sudden increase in weight (>1 kg/wk) during pregnancy, age > 35 years, early neonatal deaths/sudden IUDS, polyhydramnios, urogenital infections (vulvo-vaginal candidiasis and UTI), previous history of GDM, congenital abnormalities (with or without polyhydramnios) and multiple pregnancy. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed and analyzed according to American Diabetic Association criteria, 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent risk factors were family history of diabetes mellitus in 1st degree relative and large-for-dates babies in 18 patients. Similarly, high risk factors such as history of abortions and grand multiparity were present in 16 and 14 pregnant women respectively. Least common factors, which contributed for GDM, were polyhydramnios in 4 cases and perinatal mortality (due to congenital anomalies of foetus, intrauterine deaths or neonatal deaths) seen only in 5 cases. Overall impaired oral glucose tolerance test was found in 24%. Most patients had one (17%) or two risk factors commonly (23%). Only 2% had shown five or more risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral glucose tolerance test is a useful diagnostic tool to detect GDM in high risk pregnancies, depending upon the high frequency of number of risk factors in each individual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Farrukh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naheed
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kammeruddin
authors.forename: Haleema A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: Sabhagi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narijo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors