Glyco-engineering of biotherapeutic proteins in plants.
Many therapeutic glycoproteins have been successfully generated in plants. Plants have advantages regarding practical and economic concerns, and safety of protein production over other existing systems. However, plants are not ideal expression systems for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, due to the fact that they are incapable of the authentic human N-glycosylation process. The majority of therapeutic proteins are glycoproteins which harbor N-glycans, which are often essential for their stability, folding, and biological activity. Thus, several glyco-engineering strategies have emerged for the tailor-making of N-glycosylation in plants, including glycoprotein subcellular targeting, the inhibition of plant specific glycosyltranferases, or the addition of human specific glycosyltransferases. This article focuses on plant N-glycosylation structure, glycosylation variation in plant cell, plant expression system of glycoproteins, and impact of glycosylation on immunological function. Furthermore, plant glyco-engineering techniques currently being developed to overcome the limitations of plant expression systems in the production of therapeutic glycoproteins will be discussed in this review.
Ko
Kisung
K
Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea. ksko@wku.ac.kr
Ahn
Mi-Hyun
MH
Song
Mira
M
Choo
Young-Kug
YK
Kim
Hyun Soon
HS
Ko
Kinarm
K
Joung
Hyouk
H
D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000379:methods; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D015202:Protein Engineering; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
D006023:Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins