title: Short-term mortality and its association with independent risk factors in adult spinal deformity surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine postoperative mortality after adult spinal deformity surgery. To determine whether independent risk factors can predict mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although mortality after adult spinal surgery is reported to range from 0.03% to 3.52%, there is a general paucity of data on mortality and its associated risk factors after adult spinal deformity surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred sixty-one adults with spinal deformity underwent 407 corrective procedures. For patients who died within 30 days of the procedure, the following risk factors were examined to determine if each could independently predict mortality: demographic information, American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) classification, operative time, surgical approach, number of fusion levels, primary versus revision surgery, and intraoperative blood loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten of the 407 procedures resulted in death (2.4% mortality): 1 intraoperatively secondary to cardiac ischemia, 3 secondary to sepsis/multiple organ failure, 2 each secondary to pulmonary embolus, uncal herniation/cerebral edema, and shock. The average preoperative ASA levels for patients who died and patients who survived were 3.0 and 2.3, respectively (P < 0.0001). Age, gender, operative time, surgical approach, number of fusion levels, revision status, and estimated blood loss did not have an independently significant correlation to mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a strong association (P < 0.0001) between increasing ASA class and increasing mortality. The other risk factors could not independently predict postoperative mortality within 30 days after adult spinal deformity surgery.
authors.affiliation: Town Center Orthopaedic Associates, Reston, VA 20190, USA. dpateder@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Dhruv B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Pateder
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gonzales
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kebaish
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Jen-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kostuik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors