title: Stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by somatotropin in pigs is independent of the somatotropin-induced increase in circulating insulin.
abstract: Chronic treatment of growing pigs with porcine somatotropin (pST) promotes protein synthesis and doubles postprandial levels of insulin, a hormone that stimulates translation initiation. This study aimed to determine whether the pST-induced increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis was mediated through an insulin-induced stimulation of translation initiation. After 7-10 days of pST (150 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or control saline treatment, pancreatic glucose-amino acid clamps were performed in overnight-fasted pigs to reproduce 1) fasted (5 microU/ml), 2) fed control (25 microU/ml), and 3) fed pST-treated (50 microU/ml) insulin levels while glucose and amino acids were maintained at baseline fasting levels. Fractional protein synthesis rates and indexes of translation initiation were examined in skeletal muscle. Effectiveness of pST treatment was confirmed by reduced urea nitrogen and elevated insulin-like growth factor I levels in plasma. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis was independently increased by both insulin and pST. Insulin increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the downstream effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1). Furthermore, insulin reduced inactive 4E-BP1.eIF4E complex association and increased active eIF4E.eIF4G complex formation, indicating enhanced eIF4F complex assembly. However, pST treatment did not alter translation initiation factor activation. We conclude that the pST-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in growing pigs is independent of the insulin-associated activation of translation initiation.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Renán A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Orellana
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suryawan
authors.forename: Hanh V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Asumthia S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jeyapalan
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Teresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases