title: Transcostal high-intensity-focused ultrasound: ex vivo adaptive focusing feasibility study.
abstract: Ex vivo experiments have been conducted through excised pork rib with bone, cartilage, muscle and skin. The aberrating effect of the ribcage has been experimentally evaluated. Adaptive ultrasonic focusing through ribs has been studied at low power. Without any correction, the pressure fields in the focal plane were both affected by inhomogeneous attenuation and phase distortion and three main effects were observed: a mean 2 mm shift of the main lobe, a mean 1.25 mm spreading of the half width of the main lobe and up to 20 dB increase of the secondary lobe level. Thanks to time-reversal focusing, a 5 dB decrease in the secondary lobes was obtained and the ratio between the energy deposited at the target location and the total amount of energy emitted by the therapeutic array was six times higher than that without correction. Time-reversal minimizes the heating of the ribs by automatically sonicating between the ribs, as demonstrated by temperature measurements using thermocouples placed at different locations on the ribcage. It is also discussed how this aberration correction process could be achieved non-invasively for clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique, CNRS UMR 7587, Université Paris VII, Inserm, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France. jean-francois.aubry@espci.fr
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pernot
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marquet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D009132:Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012272:Ribs / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012867:Skin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013552:Swine / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography