Enrichment and characterization of marine anammox bacteria associated with global nitrogen gas production.
Microbiological investigation of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria has until now been restricted to wastewater species. The present study describes the enrichment and characterization of two marine Scalindua species, the anammox genus that dominates almost all natural habitats investigated so far. The species were enriched from a marine sediment in the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) using a medium based on Red Sea salt. Anammox cells comprised about 90% of the enrichment culture after 10 months. The enriched Scalindua bacteria displayed all typical features known for anammox bacteria, including turnover of hydrazine, the presence of ladderane lipids, and a compartmentalized cellular ultrastructure. The Scalindua species also showed a nitrate-dependent use of formate, acetate and propionate, and performed a formate-dependent reduction of nitrate, Fe(III) and Mn(IV). This versatile metabolism may be the basis for the global distribution and substantial contribution of the marine Scalindua anammox bacteria to the nitrogen loss from oxygen-limited marine ecosystems.
van de Vossenberg
Jack
J
Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Rattray
Jayne E
JE
Geerts
Wim
W
Kartal
Boran
B
van Niftrik
Laura
L
van Donselaar
Elly G
EG
Sinninghe Damsté
Jaap S
JS
Strous
Marc
M
Jetten
Mike S M
MS
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005561:Formates / Q000378:metabolism; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010802:Phylogeny; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013548:Sweden
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005561:Formates; D006834:Hydrazines; D008055:Lipids; D009566:Nitrates; D011422:Propionates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C030544:formic acid; C029424:hydrazine; D008345:Manganese; D007501:Iron; D009584:Nitrogen; D019342:Acetic Acid