title: Hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection and invasive pneumococcal disease in Danish children aged <2 years: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous population-based studies have reported a temporal association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We examined this association at an individual level in the Danish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using registry information about hospitalization for RSV infection and IPD in Denmark, we conducted a prospective, population-based cohort study and examined the associations between hospitalization for RSV infection and IPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our cohort, no persons aged > or =2 years experienced IPD within 30 days after hospitalization for RSV infection. Among children aged <2 years, children who were hospitalized for RSV infection had a significantly increased risk of IPD during the 30 days after hospitalization, compared with those who were not hospitalized for RSV infection (adjusted rate ratio, 7.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.6-14.3). Likewise, hospitalization for a non-RSV respiratory infection increased the risk of IPD during the 30 days after hospitalization (adjusted rate ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-10.0). IPD did not increase the risk of hospitalization for RSV infection among children aged <2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both recent hospitalization for RSV infection and recent hospitalization for non-RSV respiratory infection increased the risk of IPD among Danish children aged <2 years.
authors.affiliation: Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Apartado 861, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. LGN@ssi.dk
authors.forename: Lone Graff
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Stensballe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hjuler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaltoft
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ravn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aaby
authors.forename: Eric A F
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Simoes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*