title: Six-microns-under acts upstream of Draper in the glial phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons.
abstract: The removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytic neighbors is essential for metazoan development but remains poorly characterized. Here we report the discovery of a Drosophila phagocytosis receptor, Six-microns-under (SIMU), which is expressed in highly phagocytic cell types during development and required for efficient apoptotic cell clearance by glia in the nervous system and by macrophages elsewhere. SIMU is part of a conserved family of proteins that includes CED-1 and Draper (DRPR). Phenotypic analysis reveals that simu acts upstream of drpr in the same pathway and affects the recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells, while drpr affects their subsequent degradation. SIMU strongly binds to apoptotic cells, presumably through its EMILIN-like domain, but requires no membrane anchoring, suggesting that it can function as a bridging molecule. Our study introduces an important factor in tissue-resident apoptotic clearance and underscores the prominent role of glia as "semiprofessional" phagocytes in the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Developmental Neurogenetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065-6399, USA.
authors.forename: Estee
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kurant
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leaman
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gaul
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002490:Central Nervous System; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C529006:NimC4 protein, Drosophila; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C495322:drpr protein, Drosophila; C028495:phagocytosis receptor; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins