title: Histone modifications and nuclear architecture: a review.
abstract: Epigenetic modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and ADP ribosylation, of the highly conserved core histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, influence the genetic potential of DNA. The enormous regulatory potential of histone modification is illustrated in the vast array of epigenetic markers found throughout the genome. More than the other types of histone modification, acetylation and methylation of specific lysine residues on N-terminal histone tails are fundamental for the formation of chromatin domains, such as euchromatin, and facultative and constitutive heterochromatin. In addition, the modification of histones can cause a region of chromatin to undergo nuclear compartmentalization and, as such, specific epigenetic markers are non-randomly distributed within interphase nuclei. In this review, we summarize the principles behind epigenetic compartmentalization and the functional consequences of chromatin arrangement within interphase nuclei.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic. bartova@ibp.cz
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bártová
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krejcí
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harnicarová
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galiová
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozubek
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000502:physiology; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D008745:Methylation
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5