Imaging studies in emphysema.
Definitions of types of emphysema within the framework of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are given. The classic findings on the chest radiograph are described, and the advances in sensitivity and specificity achieved with computed tomography (CT) scanning are noted. The "density mask" and the "percentile point" measurements rely on the densitometric property of X-rays, but the scan also shows the severity and distribution of low-attenuation regions that usually represent pathologic emphysema. The alteration of absolute density with changes in lung inflation, CT slice thickness, collimation, and reconstruction algorithm make comparison between CT scans and across studies more difficult. Nevertheless, quantitative CT has superseded subjective scoring of scan appearance by readers as a sensitive way to measure emphysema.
Friedman
Paul J
PJ
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103-8749, USA. pfriedman@ucsd.edu
D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*