title: The distribution and classification of clefts in patients attending a cleft lip and palate clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and discuss the etiology, distribution, and classification of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients in one of the most active CLP clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of all 171 CLP patients attending the CLP clinic at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were collected in November and December 2006. Variables such as etiology, age, gender, type of cleft, and location of cleft were statistically analyzed. Proportional Z test (p<0.05) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients age range was 0.5-30 years with an average of 11.1 (standard deviation 5.87) years. Attending male patients (63.7%) were more than females (36.6%) (p=0.000). The unknown environmental factor was the most reported etiological factor (79.5%) (p=0.000). The cleft lip and palate were the most prevalent type (78.3%) (p=0.000). In the different types of cleft, as well as within the same cleft type, the cleft lip and palate type were significantly higher in males (49.1%) (62.7%), than females (29.1%) (37.3%) with (p=0.038) (p=0.008). There were no statistical differences between the right and left cleft sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average age and range of CLP patients at first visit were high. Attending male patients was more than females. The environmental etiological factor was not identifiable. Males were dominant in the cleft lip and palate type. The cleft lip and palate type were the highest among oral clefts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. kbalkhi@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Al-Balkhi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors