title: RDRio Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with a higher frequency of cavitary pulmonary disease.
abstract: Molecular genotyping has shown Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages to be geographically restricted and associated with distinct ethnic populations. Whether tuberculosis (TB) caused by some M. tuberculosis lineages can present with a differential clinical spectrum is controversial because of very limited clinical data. We recently reported on the discovery of RD(Rio) M. tuberculosis, a Latin American-Mediterranean sublineage that is the predominant cause of TB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To investigate the clinical attributes of TB caused by RD(Rio) strains, we studied a cohort of TB cases from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in which clinical information recorded on a standardized questionnaire was collected at the time of microbiological testing. These patients were referred for culture and drug susceptibility testing because of the clinical suspicion of "complicated" TB, as demonstrated by high rates of multidrug resistance (12%) and cavitary TB (80%). We performed spoligotyping and RD(Rio) genotyping on the M. tuberculosis strains and analyzed the clinical data from these patients. RD(Rio) M. tuberculosis accounted for 37% of the total TB burden. Multivariate analysis found a significant association between TB caused by RD(Rio) strains and pulmonary cavitation and residence in Belo Horizonte. Since cavitary TB is associated with higher sputum bacillary load, our findings support the hypothesis that RD(Rio) M. tuberculosis is associated with a more "severe" disease as a strategy to increase transmission. Future studies are needed to confirm these observations and to better define the contribution of RD(Rio) M. tuberculosis to the global TB epidemic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of International Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cornell University, Weill Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Luiz Claudio Oliveira
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.forename: Silvana Miranda
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Spindola
authors.forename: Heejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weisenberg
authors.forename: Wania
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: da Silva Carvalho
authors.forename: Claudio José
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Augusto
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Huard
authors.forename: Afrânio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kritski
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001938:Brazil; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial