title: Utilization and costs of antipsychotic agents: a Canadian population-based study, 1996-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the prescribing patterns and costs for antipsychotic agents in the population of the Canadian province of Manitoba over the past decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study of antipsychotic utilization and costs was conducted on data collected from the administrative databases of the Manitoba Population Health Data Repository and the Statistics Canada census between index years 1996 and 2006 (April 1, 1995, through March 31, 2006).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total annual number of antipsychotic prescriptions dispensed in Manitoba increased by 227% between 1996 and 2006, and the prevalence of antipsychotic users increased by 62% over the same time interval. The fastest-growing segment of antipsychotic users in Manitoba appears to be young males, who increased from .16% in 1996 to .88% in 2006. The highest numbers of prescriptions were reported for schizophrenia, dementia, and conduct disorder. Annual expenditures for antipsychotics increased from $1.7 million in 1996 to $22.0 million in 2006 (expenditures are in Canadian dollars). The cost of second-generation agents reached 80% of total antipsychotic expenditures in 2006; risperidone was the most prescribed agent in all age groups of patients. The per-patient annual cost of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy increased by approximately 680% between 1996 and 2006 in Manitoba.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of antipsychotic prescriptions and the prevalence of users of antipsychotic medications increased significantly in Manitoba over the study period, despite a steady-state population of approximately 1.2 million. Incremental costs relative to the use of antipsychotic medications can be explained by the market penetration of the second-generation agents and their expanded use in the treatment of various diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Fort Garry Campus, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. alessise@cc.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alessi-Severini
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Biscontri
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozyrskyj
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sareen
authors.forename: Murray W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Enns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents