title: The early phyllosoma stages of spiny lobster Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 (Decapoda: Palinuridae) reared in the laboratory.
abstract: The early stages of the Panulirus echinatus were hatched and reared in the laboratory. Ovigerous females were captured in their habitat and carefully transported to the laboratory. Larvae were transferred in a recirculation water tank at a density of 10 larvae.L(-1). The larvae were fed on Artemia and gonads of mussel Brachydonts sp. Microalgae Dunaliella viridis was added at a concentration of 150 x 10(4) cell.mL(-1). Larvae and exuviae of each zoeal stage were preserved in an alcohol 70% + glycerin (1:1) solution. The phyllosomas moulted eight times; the intermoulting period of each instar averaged about 7 to 10 days. The main morphological changes of each appendage were described in detail, illustrated and compared with previous reports.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Estudos Costeiros, Campus de Bragança, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, PA, 68600-000, Brazil. faraujo@ufpa.br
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Abrunhosa
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Abrunhosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D005260:Female; D033521:Palinuridae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*