New players in the BRCA1-mediated DNA damage responsive pathway.
DNA damage checkpoint is an important self-defense mechanism for the maintenance of genome stability. Defects in DNA damage signaling and repair lead to various disorders and increase tumor incidence in humans. In the past 10 years, we have identified many components involved in the DNA damage-signaling pathway, including the product of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1). Mutations in BRCA1 are associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers, highlighting the importance of this DNA damage-signaling pathway in tumor suppression. While it becomes clear that BRCA1 plays a crucial role in the DNA damage responsive pathway, exactly how BRCA1 receives DNA damage signals and exerts its checkpoint function has not been fully addressed. A series of recent studies reported the discovery of many novel components involved in DNA damage-signaling pathway. These newly identified checkpoint proteins, including RNF8, RAP80 and CCDC98, work in concern in recruiting BRCA1 to DNA damage sites and thus regulate BRCA1 function in G2/M checkpoint control. This review will summarize these recent findings and provide an updated view of the regulation of BRCA1 in response to DNA damage.
Kim
Hongtae
H
Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208040, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Chen
Junjie
J
D000818:Animals; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
C520310:ABRAXAS1 protein, human; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D056488:Histone Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C486521:RNF8 protein, human; C466234:UIMC1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases