title: Megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, and hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome: a new case with syndactyly.
abstract: Megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, and hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is characterized by megalencephaly, perisylvian polymicrogyria, postaxial polydactyly, and hydrocephalus. Seven cases have been reported. This report presents a new sporadic patient with megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, and hydrocephalus syndrome, a girl born to healthy, nonconsanguineous parents at 38 weeks. Macrocephaly (+4 standard deviation) was present at birth. She had syndactyly instead of the postaxial polydactyly reported in the other patients. Neurologic examination showed severe diffuse hypotonia and profound developmental delay. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlarged lateral and third ventricles, with cavum septi pellucidi et vergae, bilateral abnormal white matter intensity, and diffuse polymicrogyria, most prominent in both the frontal and perisylvian regions. A visual evoked potential study showed increased latencies, probably caused by white matter abnormalities. At 16 months, she has never had seizures and shows profound psychomotor retardation. Results of metabolic and genetic studies were normal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cianchetti
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falchi
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nucaro
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pruna
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D013576:Syndactyly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome