title: Bordetella bronchiseptica responses to physiological reactive nitrogen and oxygen stresses.
abstract: Bordetella bronchiseptica can establish prolonged airway infection consistent with a highly developed ability to evade mammalian host immune responses. Upon initial interaction with the host upper respiratory tract mucosa, B. bronchiseptica are subjected to antimicrobial reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), effector molecules of the innate immune system. However, the responses of B. bronchiseptica to redox species at physiologically relevant concentrations (nM-microM) have not been investigated. Using predicted physiological concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on low numbers of CFU of B. bronchiseptica, all redox active species displayed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. Susceptibility to individual redox active species was significantly increased upon introduction of a second species at subantimicrobial concentrations. An increased bacteriostatic activity of NO was observed relative to H2O2. The understanding of Bordetella responses to physiologically relevant levels of exogenous RNS and ROS will aid in defining the role of endogenous production of these molecules in host innate immunity against Bordetella and other respiratory pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, AZ 85724-5030, USA.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omsland
authors.forename: Katrina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boitano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide