title: Evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture in defined aspects of stroke recovery: a randomised, placebo controlled single blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture on stroke recovery compared to an inert placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post-stroke rehabilitation wards in five NHS hospitals in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients between 4 and 10 days after their first stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients received 12 acupuncture or placebo treatments over four weeks. Acupuncture with electrical stimulation was compared with mock TENS, and assessments continued for 12 months after entry. Primary outcome was the Barthel Index (BI). Secondary outcomes were muscle power, Motricity Index (MI), mood, Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and treatment credibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  92 patients completed data sets. Data were analysed using both t tests and a structural equation based on longitudinal analysis of both BI and MI, using generalised estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation structure. While both acupuncture and placebo (mock TENS) appeared to have had an equal effect on stroke recovery, there is no significant difference between the two interventions at 12 (p = 0.737, 95 % CI -2.00 to 2.81) and 52 weeks (p = 0.371, 95 % CI -3.48 to 1.32). An apparently accelerated improvement in the MI scores in the acupuncture group at 3 weeks (p = 0.009, 95 % CI 1.55 to 10.77) is interesting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acupuncture did not demonstrate specific efficacy over placebo and both groups did as well as normally expected with this condition.
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, Complementary Medicine Research Unit, Primary Medical Care, Aldermoor Health Centre, Aldermoor Close, Southampton, SO16 5ST, UK. val.hopwoodaacp@btinternet.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hopwood
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015671:Electroacupuncture / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management; D015990:Placebo Effect; D010919:Placebos; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos