title: A combination of tomato and soy products for men with recurring prostate cancer and rising prostate specific antigen.
abstract: Tomato and soy products are hypothesized to reduce the risk of prostate cancer or enhance efficacy of therapy. A study was completed to determine if men with active prostate cancer will adhere to a dietary intervention rich in tomato products and a soy protein supplement men (n = 41) with recurrent, asymptomatic prostate cancer were randomized among 2 groups: Group A (n = 20) consumed tomato products (no soy) for Weeks 0 through 4, targeting a minimum of 25 mg of lycopene/day. Group B (n = 21) consumed soy (no tomatoes) for Weeks 0 through 4, providing 40 g of soy protein/day. For Weeks 4 through 8, all men consumed a combined tomato-rich diet and soy supplements. No grade II through IV toxicities were observed. During Weeks 0 through 4, mean daily lycopene intake for Group A was 43 mg (+/- 15 mg) and mean soy intake for Group B was 39 g (+/- 1 g), remaining similar during Weeks 4 through 8. Serum lycopene increased from 0.72 +/- 0.09 micromol/l to 1.21 +/- 0.10 micromol/l (P < 0.0001) and urinary isoflavone excretion increased from not detectable to 54.1 +/- 5.7 micromol/l (P < 0.05) with 8 wk of diet intervention. Serum prostate-specific antigen decreased between Weeks 0 and 8 for 14 / 41 men (34%). Mean serum vascular endothelial growth factor for the entire group was reduced from 87 to 51 ng/ml (P < 0.05) over 8 wk. In conclusion, prostate cancer patients will consume diets rich in tomato products and soy with excellent compliance and bioavailability of phytochemicals. Further studies combining tomato and soy foods to determine efficacy for prostate cancer prevention or management are encouraged.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nuray Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Unlu
authors.forename: Thomas W-M
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ferketich
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bahnson
authors.forename: Valerie L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: DeGroff
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Clinton
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D002338:Carotenoids; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D000077276:Lycopene