title: Identification of microcystins in waters used for daily life by people who live on Tai Lake during a serious cyanobacteria dominated bloom with risk analysis to human health.
abstract: Tai Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China with annual cyanobacteria blooms. Microcystins produced by these blooms have serious health risks for populations surrounding the lake, especially for people living on Tai Lake, because they usually drink raw lake water after a simple alum treatment. This study presents data on the detection and identification of microcystins in waters used for daily life by people living on Tai Lake, during the cyanobacterial blooming in July 2007. The health risks from drinking these microcystin-polluted waters were also calculated. The main microcystins detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the water samples collected from two parts of Tai Lake (Wuli Lake and Meiliang Bay) were MC-LR (4.33-12.27 microg/L), MC-RR (8.36-16.91 microg/L) and MC-YR (1.41-5.57 microg/L). Risk assessment showed that the drinking water simply treated by alum was not safe. The lowest calculated hazards ratios in all water samples was 6.4, which indicated that the risk of microcystins exposure from drinking water was over six times higher than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) recommended by The World Health Organization (WHO). Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the relationships between the epidemiology of people living on Tai Lake and microcystins exposure from drinking water.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D052998:Microcystins / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D052998:Microcystins