title: In vitro model of platelet-endothelial activation due to cigarette smoke under cardiovascular circulation conditions.
abstract: Cigarette smoke has been shown to increase platelet activation and endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule expression. In the present study, we utilized a hemodynamic shearing device (HSD) to investigate the above effects in vitro in a combined system of platelets and cultured HUVECs (Human Umblical Vein ECs) under physiological shear stress. We investigated the alteration of E-selectin expression on ECs upon exposure to: (1) platelets and nicotine-free smoke extract (NFE), (2) platelets alone, (3) NFE alone, under physiological shear stress. We additionally confirmed the protective effect of nicotine on platelet activation. We found that: (i) surface expression of E-selectin on ECs was significantly increased upon simultaneous exposure of ECs and platelets to NFE relative to exposure of ECs to either platelets or NFE alone (p < 0.05). (ii) Platelet activation was significantly increased in the presence of NFE (p < 0.05). (iii) Nicotine (200 nM) when added to NFE, significantly reduced platelet activation due to NFE (p < 0.05), an effect additionally confirmed by conventional cigarette extracts which contain nicotine (p < 0.05). We therefore conclude that: (a) NFE and platelets additively increase EC E-selectin surface expression, and (b) nicotine modulates platelet activation regardless of ECs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Sciences Center T18-030, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8151, USA.
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Girdhar
authors.forename: Sulan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jolyon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jesty
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bluestein
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012906:Smoke; D013638:Tars / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D012906:Smoke; D013638:Tars; C024746:tobacco tar; D009538:Nicotine