title: Legal provisions and practice in the management of violent patients. a case vignette study in 16 European countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical management of typical scenarios by using three case vignettes in a substantial number of European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three case vignettes and an associated questionnaire, filled in and finalised by at least two experts from each country.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Legislation and clinical practice varies widely across the 16 included countries. No specific pattern emerged. Certain practices (intravenous medication, mechanical restraint, net beds and forensic transfers, respectively) only exist in few countries. Legislation for involuntary medication is most restrictive in the Netherlands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is little harmonisation and a lack of consistent standards within and across European countries regarding treatment and management of violent patients.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Psychiatry Weissenau, Ulm University, Department of Psychiatric Care Research, Weingartshofer Strasse 2, 88214 Ravensburg-Weissenau, Germany. tilman.steinert@zfp-weissenau.de
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinert
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lepping
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000517:prevention & control*