Mechanistic studies on the formation of glycosidase-substrate and glycosidase-inhibitor covalent intermediates.
Glycoside hydrolases catalyze the breaking of the glycosidic bond. This type of bond fashioned between two monosaccharides is very stable, and the polymers created are involved in multiple cellular processes, being crucial to life. In this article, computational methods were used to study the first step of the mechanism of reaction of retaining glycoside hydrolases in atomic detail. The systems modeled included a simplified reaction center and a small substrate/inhibitor. Using DFT calculations we were able to corroborate and provide molecular-level detail to the dissociative mechanism proposed in the literature. The role of the hydrogen bridge between the nucleophile and the C(2)--OH group of the ring was also investigated. Therefore, we concluded that this bridge is responsible for lowering the activation barrier by 5.1 kcal mol(-1) with functional BB1K/6-311+G(2d,2p), and the absence of the bridge explains, at least in part, the inhibitory effect of fluoro-substituted glycosides in the -2 position. The hydrogen bridge could also be involved in favoring the ring distortion verified in the transition state, and the dissociative character of the reaction mechanism. Using the NBO method, point atomic charges were calculated. In the transition state, the positive charge generated in the sugar ring is distributed nearly equally between the anomeric carbon and the ring oxygen, through a partial double bond involving the two atoms.
Brás
Natércia F
NF
Requimte, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Moura-Tamames
Sara A
SA
Fernandes
Pedro A
PA
Ramos
Maria J
MJ
D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D013816:Thermodynamics
D006027:Glycosides; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases