title: Health management of horses under high challenge from trypanosomes: a case study from Serengeti, Tanzania.
abstract: Horses kept for recreational riding purposes by a wildlife tourism company in a heavily tsetse fly-infested region of north-western Tanzania were systematically monitored to investigate the occurrence, presentation and management of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis. During a 23-month period, 18 clinical cases were diagnosed (Trypanosoma brucei or Trypanosoma congolense were identified) and treated and trypanosomes were implicated of involvement in four deaths. Pyrexia consistently aided early detection (17 cases). Ataxia, weight loss and anaemia were seen in chronic cases and conferred a poor prognosis. Delaying treatment by more than 2 days from the onset of clinical signs led to prolonged disease course and more severe anaemia. Early detection, prompt treatment, thorough post-treatment health monitoring and rigorous prophylactic measures helped keep clinical cases to manageable levels, but re-infection remained a constant, insidious threat.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. h.k.auty@sms.ed.ac.uk <h.k.auty@sms.ed.ac.uk>
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auty
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mundy
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Fyumagwa
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Picozzi
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Welburn
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoare
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D010617:Phenanthridines; D011806:Quinolinium Compounds; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C000702:isometamidium chloride; C005707:quinapyramine