Reduced toxicological activity of cigarette smoke by the addition of ammonia magnesium phosphate to the paper of an electrically heated cigarette: subchronic inhalation toxicology.
Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture that causes a variety of diseases, such as lung cancer. With the electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS), temperatures are applied to the tobacco below those found in conventional cigarettes, resulting in less combustion, reduced yields of some smoke constituents, and decreased activity in some standard toxicological tests. The first generation of electrically heated cigarettes (EHC) also resulted in increased formaldehyde yields; therefore, a second generation of EHC was developed with ammonium magnesium phosphate (AMP) in the cigarette paper in part to address this increase. The toxicological activity of mainstream smoke from these two generations of EHC and of a conventional reference cigarette was investigated in two studies in rats: a standard 90-day inhalation toxicity study and a 35-day inhalation study focusing on lung inflammation. Many of the typical smoke exposure-related changes were found to be less pronounced after exposure to smoke from the second-generation EHC with AMP than to smoke from the first-generation EHC or the conventional reference cigarette, when compared on a particulate matter or nicotine basis. Differences between the EHC without AMP and the conventional reference cigarette were not as prominent. Overall, AMP incorporated in the EHC cigarette paper reduced the inhalation toxicity of the EHCSS more than expected based on the observed reduction in aldehyde yields.
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Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research and Development, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. oliver.moennikes@pmintl.com
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D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity; D000171:Acrolein / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000633:toxicity; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana
D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D012906:Smoke; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009538:Nicotine; D000171:Acrolein; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D000079:Acetaldehyde