title: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-dependent myocardiac cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress.
abstract: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical regulator of cytoprotective gene expression. However, the role of this transcription factor in myocardiac cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic stress remains unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate if Nrf2 signaling could control the constitutive and inducible expression of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in primary cardiomyocytes as well as the susceptibility of these cells to oxidative and electrophilic injury. The basal expression of a series of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes was significantly lower in cardiomyocytes from Nrf2(-/-) mice than those from wild-type littermates. Incubation of wild-type cardiomyocytes with 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) led to significant induction of various antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes, including catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and heme oxygenase-1. The inducibility of the above cellular defenses except GPx by D3T was abolished in Nrf2(-/-) cardiomyocytes. As compared to wild-type cells, Nrf2(-/-) cardiomyocytes were much more susceptible to cell injury induced by H(2)O(2), peroxynitrite, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Treatment of wild-type cardiomyocytes with D3T, which upregulated the cellular defenses, resulted in increased resistance to the above oxidant- and electrophile-induced cell injury, whereas D3T treatment of Nrf2(-/-) cardiomyocytes provided no cytoprotection. This study demonstrates that Nrf2 is an important factor in controlling both constitutive and inducible expression of a wide spectrum of antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes in cardiomyocytes and is responsible for protecting these cells against oxidative and electrophilic stress. These findings also implicate Nrf2 as an important signaling molecule for myocardiac cytoprotection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhenquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Bhaba R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhuoxiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Trush
authors.forename: Hara P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Yunbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004586:Electrophoresis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013871:Thiones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D016877:Oxidants; D013871:Thiones; D013876:Thiophenes; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C491732:Nqo1 protein, mouse; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione; C049325:1,2-dithiol-3-thione