title: Expression of the counter-regulatory peptide intermedin is augmented in the presence of oxidative stress in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intermedin (IMD), a novel cardiac peptide related to adrenomedullin (AM), protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and attenuates ventricular remodelling. IMD's actions are mediated by a calcitonin receptor-like receptor in association with receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs 1-3).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat at 20 weeks of age, to examine (i) the presence of myocardial oxidative stress and concentric hypertrophy; (ii) expression of IMD, AM and receptor components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In left and right ventricular cardiomyocytes from SHR vs. WKY cell width (26% left, 15% right) and mRNA expression of hypertrophic markers ANP (2.7 fold left, 2.7 fold right) and BNP (2.2 fold left, 2.0 fold right) were enhanced. In left ventricular cardiomyocytes only (i) oxidative stress was indicated by increased membrane protein carbonyl content (71%) and augmented production of O(2-) anion (64%); (ii) IMD (6.8 fold), RAMP1 (2.5 fold) and RAMP3 (2.0 fold) mRNA was increased while AM and RAMP2 mRNA was not altered; (iii) abundance of RAMP1 (by 48%), RAMP2 (by 41%) and RAMP3 (by 90%) monomers in cell membranes was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  robust augmentation of IMD expression in hypertrophied left ventricular cardiomyocytes indicates a prominent role for this counter-regulatory peptide in the adaptation of the SHR myocardium to the stresses imposed by chronic hypertension. The local concentration and action of IMD may be further enhanced by down-regulation of NEP within the left ventricle.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK. d.bell@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Youyou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Francis P G
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004703:Endocrine System; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C545508:Ramp1 protein, rat; C545509:Ramp2 protein, rat; C545510:Ramp3 protein, rat; D058262:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1; D058263:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2; D058264:Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3; D058261:Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins