title: The metastasis-associated gene Prl-3 is a p53 target involved in cell-cycle regulation.
abstract: The p53 tumor suppressor restricts tumorigenesis through the transcriptional activation of target genes involved in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Here, we identify Prl-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3) as a p53-inducible gene. Whereas previous studies implicated Prl-3 in metastasis because of its overexpression in metastatic human colorectal cancer and its ability to promote invasiveness and motility, we demonstrate here that Prl-3 is an important cell-cycle regulator. Consistent with a role in DNA damage-induced cell-cycle arrest, Prl-3 overexpression induces G(1) arrest downstream of p53 by triggering a PI3K-Akt-activated negative feedback loop. Surprisingly, attenuation of Prl-3 expression also elicits an arrest response, suggesting that basal level Prl-3 expression is pivotal for normal cell-cycle progression. Our findings highlight key dose-dependent functions of Prl-3 in both positive and negative regulation of cell-cycle progression and provide insight into Prl-3's role in cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shashwati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basak
authors.forename: Suzanne B R
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Navneeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaldis
authors.forename: Amato J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giaccia
authors.forename: Laura D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Attardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C111534:Ptp4a3 protein, mouse; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases