title: The preventive effect of diphenhydramine on bacterial growth in propofol: a laboratory study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diphenhydramine has local anaesthetic and antimicrobial activity and may be used to prevent intravenous propofol injection pain. We studied the effect of adding diphenhydramine to propofol emulsions for preventing bacterial growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans cultures were inoculated into the following solutions: 1% propofol, 0.05% diphenhydramine + 1% propofol, 0.1% diphenhydramine + 1% propofol, 0.2% diphenhydramine + 1% propofol, 0.3% diphenhydramine + 1% propofol, 1% diphenhydramine and 0.1% lidocaine + 1% propofol. A 100-microL of inoculum suspension adjusted for each of the micro-organisms was added separately to each tube and left at 20 degrees C. A 10-microL aliquot of each mixture was inoculated onto blood agar medium at 5 and 24 h. These plates were incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h. Each plated medium was read, and the number of colony-forming units were counted and recorded (n = 2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Tukey HSD test and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diphenhydramine inhibited bacterial growth in propofol solutions in a dose-dependent manner. It was more effective than 0.1% lidocaine at similar concentrations in preventing bacterial growth for all organisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diphenhydramine had a significant inhibitory effect on bacterial growth in propofol.
authors.affiliation: Meram Teaching & Research Hospital, Department of Microbiology, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güzelant
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turhan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Apiliogullari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balasar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D015742:Propofol; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D015742:Propofol