title: Hypofunction of right temporoparietal cortex during emotional arousal in depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuropsychological models of depression highlight temporoparietal hypofunction associated with low emotional arousal in major depressive disorder (MDD). These models were derived from indirect measures such as neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography alpha band power.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if high-arousing stimuli directly modulated activity in attention and arousal-related sensory brain regions in patients with MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between-group comparison (patients with MDD vs healthy control subjects) of neuromagnetic oscillatory activity driven by flickering emotional and neutral pictures (steady-state visual evoked fields [ssVEFs]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Center of magnetoencephalography at a public university and public ambulatory mental health service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen female low-anxious patients with MDD and 15 female controls. The groups were matched with respect to age and handedness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetoencephalographic recordings and self-report ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modulation of current source strengths obtained by frequency domain minimum norm source localization of ssVEFs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controls and patients with MDD showed enhanced current source strengths at ssVEF frequency in occipital and parietal cortex for high-arousing emotional pictures (P < .05 for permutation statistics). While this arousal modulation in controls was pronounced in the right temporoparietal cortex, weak arousal modulation characterized that brain region in patients with MDD (F(1,28) = 7.2, P < .05 for interaction group by quadraticcontrast).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although emotional pictures engaged the dorsal visual stream to a greater extent than neutral pictures in both study groups, only controls showed strong arousal modulation in the right temporoparietal cortex. Because the right temporoparietal cortex is associated with the arousal dimension of emotion, subjects with depression may have difficulties in activating arousal-related brain areas, whereas basic stimulus processing related to activation of the dorsal visual stream is intact.
authors.affiliation: Center of Magnetoencephalography Dr Perez Modrego, University Complutense of Madrid, Pabellón 8, Avenida Complutense, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain. moratti@med.ucm.es
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moratti
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ortiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000379:methods; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents