title: Tract-based spatial statistics of diffusion tensor imaging in adults with dyslexia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging is a tool that can be used to study white matter microstructure in dyslexia. We tested the hypothesis that dyslexics have a white matter structural change (as measured by directional diffusion of water, which can be affected by disruption in white matter tracts) between brain regions that previous functional connectivity studies showed were associated with phonologic processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were acquired from 7 healthy adult normal readers and from 14 adults with dyslexia on a 1.5T scanner. Voxelwise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy data were carried out by using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics to compare dyslexic subjects versus control subjects in white matter tracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant group difference map clusters (comparing adults with and without dyslexia) occurred in specific bilateral white matter tracts within the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, and parietal lobe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DTI fractional anisotropy results in the bilateral white matter showing higher fractional anisotropy in adult control subjects compared with adults with dyslexia (relating to white matter fiber tract integrity) are consistent with our previous functional connectivity results from seed points in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. toddr@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maravilla
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity