title: Retinal dysfunction in combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (Cblc) disease: a spectrum of disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cobalamin C methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria (cblC disease) is a rare hereditary inborn error of cobalamin metabolism, characterised by neurological, haematological and ophthalmological abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three consecutive patients with Cblc disease were examined. Investigations included slit lamp and fundus examination and full-field ERG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A maculopathy associated with both photopic and scotopic abnormal ERG was present in two cases and a salt and pepper retinopathy with abnormal photopic ERG was detected in the third patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite early treatment and regular metabolic controls, all our patients exhibited both retinal and ERG abnormalities. There was no correlation between funduscopic appearance and the type of photoreceptor dysfunction. A literature review disclosed a retinopathy in 29 / 70 cases with cblC disease, with an abnormal ERG in 8 of the 12 tested cases, most with retinopathy. Retinal dysfunction in cblC disease may be more frequent than previously thought, and can involve cones only or both rods and cones. We recommend a formal ocular examination with full-field ERG in patients with Cblc disease.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Ophtalmique Jules Gonin, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gaillard
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Matthieu
authors.forename: F-X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Borruat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006712:Homocystinuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008764:Methylmalonic Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D008764:Methylmalonic Acid