title: Ocular toxicity of fludarabine: a purine analog.
abstract: The purine analogs, fludarabine and cladribine represent an important class of chemotherapy agents used to treat a broad spectrum of lymphoid malignancies. Their toxicity profiles include dose-limiting myelosuppression, immunosuppression, opportunistic infection and severe neurotoxicity. This review summarizes the neurotoxicity of high- and standard-dose fludarabine, focusing on the clinical and pathological manifestations in the eye. The mechanisms of ocular toxicity are probably multifactorial. With increasing clinical use, an awareness of the neurological and ocular vulnerability, particularly to fludarabine, is important owing to the potential for life- and sight-threatening consequences.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunopathology, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; And, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Alexandra A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Herzlich
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Jingsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Chi-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan