title: The Downstream Transcriptional Enhancer, Ed, positively regulates mouse Ig kappa gene expression and somatic hypermutation.
abstract: The mouse Igkappa locus has three known transcriptional enhancers: the matrix association region/intronic enhancer, the 3' enhancer (E3'), and the further downstream enhancer (Ed). Previous studies have shown that both matrix association region/intronic and E3' enhancers are required for maximal gene rearrangement of the locus, and that E3' is also required for maximal expression and somatic hypermutation (SHM). To functionally elucidate Ed in vivo, we generated knockout mice with a targeted germline deletion of Ed. Ed deleted homozygous mice (Ed-/-) have moderately reduced numbers of Igkappa expressing B cells and correspondingly increased numbers of Iglambda expressing B cells in spleen. Ed-/- mice also have decreased Igkappa mRNA expression in resting and T cell-dependent activated splenic B cells and reduced Igkappa chains in sera. However, our analysis indicates that Igkappa gene rearrangement is normal in Ed-/- mice. In addition, our results show that Ed-/- mice exhibit reduced SHM in the Igkappa gene J-C intronic region in germinal center B cells from Peyer's patches. We conclude that Ed positively regulates Igkappa gene expression and SHM, but not gene rearrangement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Yougui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Garrard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C014609:IgK; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D012333:RNA, Messenger