title: Slowing of EEG correlates with CSF biomarkers and reduced cognitive speed in elderly with normal cognition over 4 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and quantitative EEG show particular patterns of change in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reflect neuropathologic processes and cerebral function, respectively. The changes precede cognitive decline and should be visible already in preclinical stages. We therefore aimed to investigate their relationship in cognitively healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three (33) elderly individuals with repeated normal scores on cognitive tests over 4.5 years underwent EEG recording with quantitative frequency analysis and analysis of CSF total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau) and beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF T-tau and P-tau correlated with relative EEG theta power (r(s)>0.545; p<0.01), but not with relative alpha, beta or delta power. The combined P-tau/Abeta42 ratio exhibited an even stronger correlation with relative theta power (r(s)=0.622; p<0.001), especially in the right posterior quadrant of the head (r(s)=0.643; p<10(-4)). Slowing of cognitive speed correlated with increased relative theta power, foremost in the posterior quadrants (r(s)>0.503; p<0.01), and high P-tau/Abeta42 ratio (r(s)>0.462; p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that already in cognitively healthy elderly subjects, biochemical changes in CSF, and the possible underlying neuropathologic processes it reflects, have an effect on cerebral function as visualized by the EEG rhythm and cognitive speed. It hereby suggests that CSF biomarkers and EEG theta activity might indicate early abnormal degenerative changes in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. erik.stomrud@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stomrud
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minthon
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rosén
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Londos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D013997:Time Factors; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins