title: Drug use evaluation of antibiotics prescribed in a Jordanian hospital outpatient and emergency clinics using WHO prescribing indicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of antibiotics prescribed in hospital outpatient and emergency clinics in King Hussein Medical Centre (KHMC) using WHO prescribing indicators in an attempt to rationalize the use of antibiotics in the Royal Medical Services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively surveyed a sample of 187,822 antibiotic prescriptions obtained from 5 outpatient pharmacies in KHMC written over the period of 3 consecutive months (May 2007 - July 2007). The percentage of encounters of an antibiotic prescribed was calculated using the methodology recommended by the WHO. An additional indicator, the percentage share of different antibiotics was also included to identify the frequency prescribed from those antibiotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average percentage of prescriptions involving antibiotics was 35.6% out of 187,822 prescriptions surveyed. From these, 65,500 antibiotic prescriptions were observed. Penicillins most frequently amoxicillins and Quinolones most frequently ciprofloxacillin and norfloxacillin were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics with an average percentage of 31.8% and 27.5%. The average prescribing rate for the other antibiotic categories was as follows: macrolides (5.2%), cephalosporins (16%), and amoxicillins/clavulanate (5.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high percentage of prescriptions involving antibiotics observed in KHMC pharmacies requires rational use of antibiotics and judicious prescribing by Military prescribers. An insight into factors influencing antibiotic prescribing patterns and adherence to antibiotic prescribing guidelines by the Military prescribers is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Medical Supply Department, The Directorate of the The Royal Medical Services, The Jordan Armed Forces, Amman, Jordan. sahar_alniemat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sahar I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Al-Niemat
authors.forename: Diana T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Bloukh
authors.forename: Manal D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Al-Harasis
authors.forename: Alen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Al-Fanek
authors.forename: Rehab K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Salah
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents