title: Normative values for exhaled breath condensate pH and its relationship to exhaled nitric oxide in healthy African Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) have been proposed as markers of asthma severity. EBC pH values below 6.5 have been associated with asthma exacerbations. Protonation of airway nitrite occurs at low pH and may contribute to FeNO.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish normative EBC pH values and to determine the contribution of EBC pH to FeNO in healthy African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventy healthy African American subjects without asthma between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated. Subjects had simultaneous measurement of EBC pH, EBC nitrite, nitrate, and FeNO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median EBC pH was 8.14 (interquartile range, 7.83-8.28). Of subjects, 11.9% had an EBC pH < or = 6.5. In subjects with EBC pH values below 6.5, there was an inverse correlation between EBC pH and FeNO (r(2) = 0.158; P = .0245; n = 32). In the entire cohort, there was a direct correlation between EBC pH and EBC nitrite (r(2) = 0.163; P < .0001), but there was no correlation between EBC nitrite and FeNO. In multivariate analyses, EBC pH and nitrite did not contribute significantly to FeNO variation while controlling for other confounders of FeNO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an increased prevalence (11.9%) of low EBC pH (less than 6.5) in healthy African American subjects compared with white subjects (<5%). EBC pH and nitrite were directly correlated, but there was no correlation between EBC nitrite and FeNO. FeNO correlated with EBC pH at pH values less than 6.5 in univariate but not multivariate analyses. This suggests that EBC pH and nitrite are not significant determinants of FeNO in healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43221, USA. auswirth@osumc.edu
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hauswirth
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sundy
authors.forename: Sabrena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mervin-Blake
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Kistie B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Patch
authors.forename: Katie M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Sallie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allgood
authors.forename: Patrice D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McNair
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Levesque
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001249:Asthma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009569:Nitric Oxide