title: Nutrient and food group intakes of women with and without bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder during pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known concerning the dietary habits during pregnancy of women with eating disorders that may lie in the causal pathway of adverse birth outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the nutrient and food group intakes of women with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder during pregnancy and compared these with intakes of women with no eating disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 30,040 mother-child pairs from the prospective Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were used in cross-sectional analyses. Dietary information was collected by using a food-frequency questionnaire during the first half of pregnancy. Statistical testing by eating disorder categories with the non-eating-disorder category as the referent group was conducted by using log means adjusted for confounding and multiple comparisons. Food group differences were analyzed by using a Wilcoxon's two-sided normal approximation test that was also adjusted for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with binge-eating disorder before and during pregnancy had higher intakes of total energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat, and saturated fat, and lower intakes of folate, potassium, and vitamin C than the referent (P < 0.02). Women with incident binge-eating disorder during pregnancy had higher intakes of total energy and saturated fat than the referent (P = 0.01). Several differences emerged in food group consumption between women with and without eating disorders, including intakes of artificial sweeteners, sweets, juice, fruit, and fats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with bulimia nervosa before and during pregnancy and those with binge-eating disorder before pregnancy exhibit dietary patterns that differ from those in women without eating disorders, that are reflective of their symptomatology, and that may influence pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27516, USA. am_siegariz@unc.edu
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.forename: Margaretha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: Helle M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Von Holle
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torgersen
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knopf-Berg
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reichborn-Kjennerud
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002032:Bulimia / Q000523:psychology*; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology*; D002755:Choice Behavior; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D009664:Norway; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005492:Folic Acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D011188:Potassium