title: Human effector and memory CD8+ T cell responses to smallpox and yellow fever vaccines.
abstract: To explore the human T cell response to acute viral infection, we performed a longitudinal analysis of CD8(+) T cells responding to the live yellow fever virus and smallpox vaccines--two highly successful human vaccines. Our results show that both vaccines generated a brisk primary effector CD8(+) T cell response of substantial magnitude that could be readily quantitated with a simple set of four phenotypic markers. Secondly, the vaccine-induced T cell response was highly specific with minimal bystander effects. Thirdly, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells passed through an obligate effector phase, contracted more than 90% and gradually differentiated into long-lived memory cells. Finally, these memory cells were highly functional and underwent a memory differentiation program distinct from that described for human CD8(+) T cells specific for persistent viruses. These results provide a benchmark for CD8(+) T cell responses induced by two of the most effective vaccines ever developed.
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center and the Hope Clinic, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Robbert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: van der Most
authors.forename: Rama S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Akondy
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Glidewell
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albott
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Masopust
authors.forename: Kaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murali-Krishna
authors.forename: Patryce L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.forename: Srilatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edupuganti
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalor
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Germon
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Silvija I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Staprans
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine