title: Management of post-biopsy renal allograft arteriovenous fistulas with selective arterial embolization: immediate and long-term outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes after transcatheter embolization of percutaneous biopsy-related arteriovenous fistulas in renal allografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  All post-biopsy renal-transplant vascular injuries referred for embolization between June 1999 and October 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. There were six male and six female patients with a mean age of 49.8 years (range 25-67 years); nine patients were symptomatic, three asymptomatic. Colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and angiography showed one intra-renal arteriovenous fistula in 10 patients and two in two patients, combined with a pseudoaneurysm in six patients. Superselective embolization using a single catheter or coaxial microcatheter was performed with 0.035'' coils or 0.018''microcoils, respectively, in all 12 cases. 24-h creatinine clearance values before (the day of biopsy) and after (7-14 days; 3 months) the procedure were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Physical examination and CDUS were performed after 1, 6, and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Mean follow-up was 33.6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete definitive occlusion of the fistula was achieved consistently with a single procedure. No procedure-related complications occurred. Renal infarction was minor in all patients (0-10% in nine and 10-20% in three). Symptoms resolved completely. Creatinine clearance values obtained before and after embolization were not statistically different (p=0.168;.889 respectively). No late recurrences were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter embolization with coaxial or single-catheter techniques was effective and safe for treating post-biopsy arteriovenous fistulas in renal transplants. The loss of renal parenchyma was minimal and no mid-term deterioration of allograft function was noted. The long-term survival of the renal allograft seemed to be not affected by embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Dijon School of Medicine, Bocage Teaching Hospital, Dijon, France. loffroy.romaric@neuf.fr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loffroy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guiu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mousson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanter
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cercueil
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krausé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000209:etiology; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine