title: Perfluorinated compounds in whole fish homogenates from the Ohio, Missouri, and Upper Mississippi Rivers, USA.
abstract: A method for the analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in whole fish homogenate is presented and applied to 60 fish samples collected from the Ohio, Missouri, and upper Mississippi Rivers in 2005. Method accuracy ranged between 86 and 125% with limits of quantitation between 0.2 and 10 ng/g wet weight. Intra- and inter-batch precision was generally +/-20%. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound identified in these samples, contributing over 80% of total PFC composition in the fish from these rivers, with median PFOS concentrations of 24.4, 31.8, and 53.9 ng/g wet wt in the Missouri, Ohio, and Mississippi Rivers, respectively. Median PFOS levels were significantly (p=0.01) elevated in piscivorous fish (88.0 ng/g) when compared with non-piscivorous fish (15.9 ng/g). The 10 samples with PFOS concentrations above 200 ng/g were broadly scattered across all three rivers, providing evidence of the widespread presence of this compound in these US waterways.
authors.affiliation: Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
authors.forename: Xibiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Strynar
authors.forename: Shoji F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varns
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helfant
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lazorchak
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D008922:Mississippi; D008923:Missouri; D009820:Ohio; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid