title: Laparoscopic management of paraduodenal hernias: mesh and mesh-less repairs. A report of four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paraduodenal hernias are the most common form of internal hernias. There are few reports in the literature, with the total number of reported cases being less than 500. We report four patients with paraduodenal hernias causing intestinal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the four patients with paraduodenal hernias presented with features of intestinal obstruction. A clinical diagnosis was not made in any of the cases, and computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed to confirm this. They were all successfully managed by a laparoscopic repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operating time was 55-72 mins. Postoperatively, three patients recovered uneventfully, while one patient had ileus for 3 days and, thereafter, recovered spontaneously. Hospital stay was in the range 2-6 days. There were no conversions. One patient had recurrent paraduodenal hernia, for which a laparoscopic mesh repair was successfully performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism of the herniation is thought to be a defective rotation of the superior mesenteric vein during embryonic development. Paraduodenal hernias are not high on the list of differentials for bowel obstruction. Some form of surgery is mandatory for all cases. The inferior mesenteric vein has to be sacrificed in some cases to facilitate reduction of the hernia contents. A mesh repair is reserved for large defects and recurrent hernias. Laparoscopic repair has been infrequently reported in the literature. Based on our experience, the laparoscopic approach seems to be effective in the repair of paraduodenal hernias. It carries all of the benefits of minimal access surgery, while providing a sound repair.
authors.affiliation: GEM Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, 45-A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramnathapuram, Coimbatore, 641045, Tamil Nadu, India. drcp@gemhospital.net
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palanivelu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangarajan
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Jategaonkar
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senthilkumar
mesh_terms: D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059685:Herniorrhaphy; D006801:Humans; D045823:Ileus / Q000209:etiology; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed