title: Chemokines in and out of the central nervous system: much more than chemotaxis and inflammation.
abstract: Actions of chemokines and the interaction with specific receptors go beyond their original, defined role of recruiting leukocytes to inflamed tissues. Chemokine receptor expression in peripheral elements and resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a relevant communication system during neuroinflammatory conditions. The following examples are described in this review: Chemokine receptors play important homeostatic properties by regulating levels of specific ligands in blood and tissues during healthy and pathological conditions; chemokines and their receptors are clearly involved in leukocyte extravasation and recruitment to the CNS, and current studies are directed toward understanding the interaction between chemokine receptors and matrix metalloproteinases in the process of blood brain barrier breakdown. We also propose novel functions of chemokine receptors during demyelination/remyelination, and developmental processes.
authors.affiliation: Neuroinflammation Research Center, Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. ransohr@ccf.org
authors.forename: Astrid E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.forename: Meizhang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savarin
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ransohoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000502:physiology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine