title: Clinical relevance of quality of life outcome in cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefits of cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults and estimate the clinical relevance of these benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four postlingually deafened adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cochlear implantation with a Clarion CII HiFocus 1 or HiRes 90K.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Health Utility Index Mark II (HUI2) and Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire were administered to quantify health-related QoL (HRQoL); utilities were obtained from the HUI2 and time trade-off instrument. Speech perception scores were analyzed. Patient factors were correlated with postimplant HRQoL and speech perception scores. Clinical significant benefit was estimated using the minimal clinically significant difference (MID) and effect size (ES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show a significant improvement in HRQoL and speech perception (p < 0.001). The improvement in HRQoL is mainly obtained in the first months after implantation and is largest in the categories concerning physical functioning (hearing). A shorter duration of deafness (p = 0.003) and higher educational level (p = 0.015) were significant predictors of better speech perception. Cochlear implantation proved to be a cost-effective procedure. By using the MID and ES, we found important clinical improvements on 6 health domains of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire and on the sensation domain of the HUI2 in most patients; all but 1 of the ESs were large.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implants have a large and significant positive impact on HRQoL and speech perception and are cost-effective. These improvements are clinically relevant as measured by the MID.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Willem Martin C
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Klop
authors.forename: Peter P B M
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Boermans
authors.forename: Marciano B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.forename: Wilbert B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: van den Hout
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stiggelbout
authors.forename: Johan H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Frijns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000191:economics; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003638:Deafness / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires