title: Disulfiram enhances subjective effects of dextroamphetamine in humans.
abstract: Disulfiram has shown promise in several clinical trials for cocaine addiction, but its potential utility in the treatment of amphetamine addiction has not been examined. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of disulfiram on acute physiological and subjective responses to dextroamphetamine in healthy volunteers. Five male and 5 female subjects participated in an outpatient double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of disulfiram (250 mg/day) or placebo treatments each lasting for 4 days. Day four of each treatment period was the experimental session, in which subjects orally ingested a single dose of dextroamphetamine (20 mg/70 kg). Outcome measures included heart rate, blood pressure, plasma cortisol and prolactin, subjective and performance on the Sustained Attention to Response Test (SART). Disulfiram did not affect dextroamphetamine-induced increases in heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, or prolactin. Disulfiram did enhance some of the subjective effects of dextroamphetamine including ratings of "high," "anxious," "bad drug effects," "want more drug" and "drug liking" and was also associated with decreased performance in the SART test. How these enhanced subjective amphetamine responses affect cocaine use behavior remains to be determined in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave., Bldg. 36/116A4, West Haven, CT 06516, United States. Mehmet.Sofuoglu@yale.edu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sofuoglu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poling
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D011388:Prolactin; D004221:Disulfiram; D003913:Dextroamphetamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone