title: The bimodal bilingual brain: effects of sign language experience.
abstract: Bimodal bilinguals are hearing individuals who know both a signed and a spoken language. Effects of bimodal bilingualism on behavior and brain organization are reviewed, and an fMRI investigation of the recognition of facial expressions by ASL-English bilinguals is reported. The fMRI results reveal separate effects of sign language and spoken language experience on activation patterns within the superior temporal sulcus. In addition, the strong left-lateralized activation for facial expression recognition previously observed for deaf signers was not observed for hearing signers. We conclude that both sign language experience and deafness can affect the neural organization for recognizing facial expressions, and we argue that bimodal bilinguals provide a unique window into the neurocognitive changes that occur with the acquisition of two languages.
authors.affiliation: San Diego State University, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA. kemmorey@mail.sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emmorey
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019303:Multilingualism; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities; D012813:Sign Language