Histone modifications and nuclear architecture: a review.
Epigenetic modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and ADP ribosylation, of the highly conserved core histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, influence the genetic potential of DNA. The enormous regulatory potential of histone modification is illustrated in the vast array of epigenetic markers found throughout the genome. More than the other types of histone modification, acetylation and methylation of specific lysine residues on N-terminal histone tails are fundamental for the formation of chromatin domains, such as euchromatin, and facultative and constitutive heterochromatin. In addition, the modification of histones can cause a region of chromatin to undergo nuclear compartmentalization and, as such, specific epigenetic markers are non-randomly distributed within interphase nuclei. In this review, we summarize the principles behind epigenetic compartmentalization and the functional consequences of chromatin arrangement within interphase nuclei.
Bártová
Eva
E
Laboratory of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic. bartova@ibp.cz
Krejcí
Jana
J
Harnicarová
Andrea
A
Galiová
Gabriela
G
Kozubek
Stanislav
S
D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000502:physiology; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D015870:Gene Expression; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D008745:Methylation
D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5