title: The significance of persistent newly developed autoantibodies in JIA patients under long-term anti-TNF treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the significance of persistent (12 months) new autoantibodies, in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients treated with either Infliximab (INFL) or Etanercept (ET) for 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 children under INFL (n=12) or ET (n=14) were prospectively studied. A large panel of autoantibodies was tested using indirect immunofluorescence (ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-ENA, SMA, LKM, AMA, PCA, anti-R1, ATA), ELISA (ANA, anti-ENA, anti-cardiolipin, ANCA), immunoblotting assay (anti-ENA: anti-Ro, anti-La, anti-Sm, anti-URNP, anti-Jo, anti-Scl70, anti-centromere, anti-ribosomal and anti-histone) and rate nephelometry (RF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apart from the positive patients for ANA (13/26) and RF (2/26) prior to anti-TNF treatment, 6/26 patients (23%) developed new autoantibodies (SMA, anti-R1, ATA) which persisted for 12-50 months. None developed antibodies to nuclear antigens. In only one case, ATA was associated with the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that in JIA patients in contrast to adult RA patients, development of new autoantibodies to various nuclear antigens is rare. Other non relevant to rheumatic diseases autoantibodies, may appear and persist for >12 months, but very rarely they may be related to clinical entities, especially in the presence of a positive family history of autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Ippokration General Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece. flkan@auth.gr
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tzimouli
authors.forename: Polyxeni
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pratsidou-Gertsi
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chronopoulou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trachana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept