title: Inhibition of orexin-1/hypocretin-1 receptors inhibits yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol and sucrose seeking in Long-Evans rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that orexin-1/hypocretin-1 receptors play a role in self-administration and cue-induced reinstatement of food, drug, and ethanol seeking. In the current study, we examined the role of orexin-1/hypocretin-1 receptors in operant self-administration of ethanol and sucrose and in yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol and sucrose seeking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were trained to self-administer either 10% ethanol or 5% sucrose (30 min/day). The orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB334867 (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before the operant self-administration sessions. After these experiments, the operant self-administration behaviors were extinguished in both the ethanol and sucrose-trained rats. Upon reaching extinction criteria, SB334867 (0, 5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before yohimbine (0 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.). In a separate experiment, the effect of SB334867 (0, 15, or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on general locomotor activity was determined using the open-field test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The orexin-1 receptor antagonist, SB334867 (10, 15 and 20 mg/kg) decreased operant self-administration of 10% ethanol but not 5% sucrose self-administration. Furthermore, SB334867 (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased yohimbine-induced reinstatement of both ethanol and sucrose seeking. SB334867 did not significantly affect locomotor activity measured using the open-field test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that inhibition of OX-1/Hcrt-1 receptors modulates operant ethanol self-administration and also plays a significant role in yohimbine-induced reinstatement of both ethanol and sucrose seeking in rats.
authors.affiliation: Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California San Francisco, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 200, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Jemma K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steensland
authors.forename: Sharif A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Borgland
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonci
authors.forename: Selena E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009287:Naphthyridines; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012646:Self Administration; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C420062:1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D001583:Benzoxazoles; D009287:Naphthyridines; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D015016:Yohimbine; D013395:Sucrose; D014508:Urea