title: Metabonomics study on the effects of the ginsenoside Rg3 in a beta-cyclodextrin-based formulation on tumor-bearing rats by a fully automatic hydrophilic interaction/reversed-phase column-switching HPLC-ESI-MS approach.
abstract: The goal of this study was the application of a novel, fully automatic column-switching approach in a metabonomics study combining the orthogonal selectivities of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and reversed-phase chromatography. The temporal, pharmacodynamic effects of the ginsenoside Rg3 on the metabonome in urine of healthy and liver-tumor-bearing rats have been investigated. Within a total analysis time of 52 min we detected 5686 polar, and on the second column an additional 1808 apolar, urinary metabolite ions. The administration of a single, high dose of Rg3 in a beta-cyclodextrin-based formulation led to a considerable change of the metabolic pattern in cancer rats during 3 days studied. Seventeen biomarker candidates including three apolar metabolites, which were not retained on the HILIC column, were detected. Overall, the results suggest that the developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry strategy is a promising tool in metabonomics studies for global analysis of highly complex biosamples. It may not only increase the number of discovered biomarkers but consequently improve the comprehensive information on metabolic changes in a fully automatic manner.
authors.affiliation: National Chromatography Research and Analysis Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16023 Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiangshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Xinjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Kopplin
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Dafang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jianren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hans Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Häring
authors.forename: Erwin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Schleicher
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Guowang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000652:urine*; D054794:Glycomics / Q000379:methods*; D006262:Health; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D036145:Ginsenosides; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; C031215:betadex