title: Anti-inflammatory activity of phylligenin, a lignan from the fruits of Forsythia koreana, and its cellular mechanism of action.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The fruits of Forsythia koreana have long been used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. However, the pharmacological data is not sufficient to clearly establish a scientific rationale for the anti-inflammatory medicinal use of this plant material, and the search for its active principles has been limited so far.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phylligenin (lignan) was isolated from the fruits of Forsythia koreana and its anti-inflammatory activity was examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phylligenin (1-100 microM) and the methanol extract of Forsythia koreana fruits inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated prostaglandin E(2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis from lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In the mechanism study, phylligenin inhibited iNOS expression and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation but had no effect on COX-2 expression. Moreover, phylligenin significantly inhibited mouse carrageenan-induced paw edema by intraperitoneal administration (22.1-34.7% inhibition at 12.5-100 mg/kg). These pharmacological properties indicate that phylligenin possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, and may provide the scientific rationale for anti-inflammatory use of the fruits of Forsythia koreana.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jong Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Pyo
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D031657:Forsythia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017705:Lignans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; C532540:phylligenin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone