title: Differential activation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in spinal cord in a model of bee venom-induced inflammation and hyperalgesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Honeybee's sting on human skin can induce ongoing pain, hyperalgesia and inflammation. Injection of bee venom (BV) into the intraplantar surface of the rat hindpaw induces an early onset of spontaneous pain followed by a lasting thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the affected paw. The underlying mechanisms of BV-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity are, however, poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the generation of BV-induced pain hypersensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that BV injection resulted in a quick activation of p38, predominantly in the L4/L5 spinal dorsal horn ipsilateral to the inflammation from 1 hr to 7 d post-injection. Phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) was expressed in both neurons and microglia, but not in astrocytes. Intrathecal administration of the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, prevented BV-induced thermal hypersensitivity from 1 hr to 3 d, but had no effect on mechanical hypersensitivity. Activated ERK1/2 was observed exclusively in neurons in the L4/L5 dorsal horn from 2 min to 1 d, peaking at 2 min after BV injection. Intrathecal administration of the MEK inhibitor, U0126, prevented both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity from 1 hr to 2 d. p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 were expressed in neurons in distinct regions of the L4/L5 dorsal horn; p-ERK1/2 was mainly in lamina I, while p-p38 was mainly in lamina II of the dorsal horn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that differential activation of p38 and ERK1/2 in the dorsal horn may contribute to the generation and development of BV-induced pain hypersensitivity by different mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan. cuixiuyu@hyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Xiu-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Sheng-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000378:metabolism; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000201:enzymology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001514:Bee Venoms; D002070:Butadienes; D007093:Imidazoles; D009570:Nitriles; D011725:Pyridines; C113580:U 0126; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580