title: The inhibitory effect of a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin on blood feeding by mosquitoes in dogs raised under outdoor conditions.
abstract: Combinations of imidacloprid and permethrin were frequently used to control harmful arthropod of companion animals. The inhibitory effects on blood-feeding activity of mosquitoes in dogs raised under outdoor conditions were evaluated by using combination of 10% (w/v) of imidacloprid and 50% (w/v) of permethrin as spot-on form. Dogs in the treated group received the combination imidacloprid/permethrin spot-on. After treatment, dogs in the control and treated groups were kept separately from the evening (17:00) to the morning of the following day (09:00) in two different kennels installed outdoors to mimic realistic dog-raising conditions. Mosquitoes in the kennels were collected by light traps placed in the kennels and a sweep net to determine evidence of blood feeding, and for species identification. Mosquitoes were collected at Days 5, 3 and 1 before agent treatment, and the Day of treatment, and Days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after treatment. The percentages of blood-fed mosquitoes measured at Days 0, 3, 21, 28 and 42 after treatment were statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) in the treated group than in the control group. The most commonly collected mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, revealed statistically significant lower percentages (p<0.01) of blood-fed mosquitoes in the treated group than in the control group at the Day of treatment, and Days 3, 7, 21, 28 and 42 after treatment. It appeared that the test agent was effective in inhibiting blood feeding by adult female mosquitoes, and the efficacy lasts for 42 days after treatment under outdoor conditions.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Medical Ltd., Animal Health Division, 1-6-5, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8265, Japan. hiroyuki.machida@bayerhealthcare.com <hiroyuki.machida@bayerhealthcare.com>
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hagimori
authors.forename: Tsugihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007093:Imidazoles; D007302:Insect Repellents; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid; D026023:Permethrin