title: Evidence for the expression of parathyroid hormone 2 receptor in the human brainstem.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is a G protein coupled receptor. Pharmacological and anatomical evidence suggests that the recently identified tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is, and parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide are not, its endogenous ligand. Initial functional studies suggest that the PTH2R is involved in the regulation of viscerosensory information processing. As a first step towards clinical applications, herein we describe the presence of the PTH2R in the human brainstem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was isolated from postmortem human cortical and brainstem samples for RT-PCR. Good quality RNA, as assessed on formaldehyde gel, was reverse transcribed. The combined cDNA products were used as template in PCR reactions with primer pairs specific for the human PTH2R. In addition, PTH2R immunolabelling was performed on free floating sections of the human medulla oblongata using fluorescent amplification immunochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific bands in the RT-PCR experiments and sequencing of PCR products demonstrated the expression of PTH2R mRNA in the human brainstem. A high density of PTH2R-immunoreactive fibers was found in brain regions of the medulla oblongata including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the spinal trigeminal nucleus, and the dorsal reticular nucleus of the medulla.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independent demonstration of the presence of PTH2R mRNA and immunoreactivity supports the specific expression of the PTH2R in the human brainstem. The distribution of PTH2R-immunoreactive fibers in viscerosensory brain regions is similar to that reported in mouse and rat suggesting a similar role of the PTH2R in human as in rodents. This finding will have important implications when experimental data obtained on the function of the TIP39-PTH2R neuromodulator system in rodents are to be utilized in human.
authors.affiliation: Neuromorphological and Neuroendocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bagó
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palkovits
authors.forename: Ted B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Usdin
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seress
authors.forename: Arpád
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobolyi
mesh_terms: D001933:Brain Stem / Q000737:chemistry*; D002102:Cadaver; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis; D005453:Fluorescence; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D044183:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044183:Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2