title: Characterization of formulated microbial products by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, total cellular fatty acid analysis, and DNA microarray analysis.
abstract: Two commercial products, Biotize and Cycle, containing bacteria as an active ingredient were characterized for species identification and batch-to-batch variation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), total cellular fatty acid analysis (FAA), and a taxonomic DNA microarray. DGGE was useful at assessing the stability of consortia in different batches, and cluster analysis differentiated each batch even when only slight differences in species composition were observed. DGGE, FAA, and DNA microarray results indicated little batch-to-batch variation in Biotize and some batch variation in Cycle. The 3 methods agreed well with species identification in Biotize but generated conflicting results in the species composition of Cycle. This multi-method approach was useful in determining if the observed bacterial species present in the products matched the expected species composition.
authors.affiliation: National Water Research Institute, Burlington, ON, Canada. eva.nowak@ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brousseau
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trevors
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Edge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044822:Biodiversity; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000592:standards; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids