title: The effects of IL-6 and TNF-alpha as molecular adjuvants on immune responses to FMDV and maturation of dendritic cells by DNA vaccination.
abstract: Various approaches have been developed to improve efficacy of DNA vaccination, such as the use of plasmid expressing cytokine as a molecular adjuvant. In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of a construct expressing either IL-6 or TNF-alpha as the molecular adjuvant with FMDV DNA vaccine, pcD-VP1, can increase immune responses. Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response. Both adjuvants induced maturation of dendritic cells, suggesting a correlation between the initiating innate response and subsequent activating adaptive immune responses. Together, the results demonstrate that IL-6 and TNF-alpha used as molecular adjuvants can enhance the antigen-specific cell-mediated responses elicited by VP1 DNA vaccine.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Junpeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Youmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C442501:VP1 protein, Foot-and-mouth disease virus; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines