title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with solitary kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the patients with solitary kidneys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2005, we had 11 patients with a solitary kidney and kidney calculi who underwent PCNL at our center. Tubeless and standard PCNLs were performed in 3 and 7 patients. In 1 patient, we could not achieve access to the system due to the stricture of the infundibulum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calculi were extracted or fragmented successfully in 10 patients. In 2 patients with residual calculi, a double-J catheter was inserted and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) was performed. Retroperitoneal hematoma was detected in 3 cases by ultrasonography 1 week after the procedure, which was treated conservatively. Also, fever occurred in 3 patients after the procedure which was treated successfully. The patients were discharged on the 3rd and 4th postoperative days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PCNL is accompanied by the risk of complications such as severe bleeding that may result in kidney loss in patients with a solitary kidney, the rate of success and complications seem to be similar to the other patients if careful operation and correct selection of candidates are done. Therefore, we recommend cautious performance of PCNL in patients with solitary kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. j_darabi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza Darabi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mahboub
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shakibi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous