title: Utilization characteristics of topical cycolsporine and punctal plugs in a managed care database.
abstract: A retrospective administrative claims analysis of treatment options for dry eye disease (DED) evaluated treatment patterns and utilization characteristics of patients receiving cyclosporine, punctal plugs, or a combination of cyclosporine and punctal plugs, and examined differences in health plan costs with the 2 treatments. A total of 23,821 commercial health plan enrollees that initiated treatment with cyclosporine or punctal plugs between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2005, were reviewed. There were 9065 subjects in the cyclosporine group, with a mean of 3.93 (median of 3) prescription fills reported in the 365-day follow-up period per subject. The mean health plan cost per patient was $336 (median $228), with total health plan costs of $3.05 million. In the punctal plugs cohort of 8758 subjects, there was a mean of 2.85 punctal plugs procedures per patient in the follow-up period. Total health plan costs for punctal plugs procedures were $3.28 million (mean cost per patient $375). During the follow-up period, 21.1% of punctal plugs patients subsequently received cyclosporine, whereas only 11.4% of topical cyclosporine patients subsequently received punctal plugs. Our results suggest that use of topical cyclosporine before punctal plugs insertion may be of benefit to patients with DED and could result in a savings in overall treatment costs.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. fisc@uic.edu
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Walt
authors.forename: Todd D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Killian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016572:Cyclosporine