title: Neonatal outcome of 58 infants exposed to maternal buprenorphine in utero.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the neonatal outcome of infants exposed to buprenorphine in utero.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed 54 buprenorphine-using pregnant women and their 58 infants. Urinary buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations in the mothers were measured prior to delivery, and in the infants during the first 3 days of life. The Finnegan score was used to evaluate neonatal abstinence syndrome. Other medical problems as well as social outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All infants had buprenorphine in their urine. A total of 38 infants required 20 +/- 10 days (range 7-48 days) of morphine treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome. The length of hospital stay for all infants was 25 +/- 19 days (range 3-125 days). The infants' highest urinary norbuprenorphine concentrations across their first 3 days of life correlated with the length of hospital stay and duration of morphine treatment (both p < 0.05). The mean birth weight and mean head circumference (n = 58) were below average (mean -0.7 standard deviation [SD] and mean -0.5 SD, respectively). Eleven infants were discharged home, 19 infants were placed in foster care and 28 infants were discharged with their mothers to Mother and Child homes or to other institutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal buprenorphine use at the time of birth may cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, requiring long-term hospitalization. Multiple social problems require a multidisciplinary team approach.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. timo.hytinantti@hus.fi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hytinantti
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kahila
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renlund
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Järvenpää
authors.forename: Erja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halmesmäki
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivitie-Kallio
mesh_terms: D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000652:urine; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D002047:Buprenorphine