title: Redefining the role of doxorubicin for the treatment of children with hepatoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic chemotherapy has improved the survival of patients with hepatoblastoma (HB). INT-0098 Intergroup Liver Tumor Study demonstrated that patients with HB treated with either cisplatin/fluorouracil/vincristine (CFV) or cisplatin/doxorubicin (CD) had a similar survival. The Children's Oncology Group adopted the less toxic CFV as the standard regimen for treating HB. However, international cooperative groups still favor the CD combination. We therefore decided to revisit the role of doxorubicin for the treatment of HB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes of patients with HB on the INT-0098 study were reviewed with an emphasis on the postevent survival time for both regimens to elucidate the role of doxorubicin in their retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four of the 173 randomly assigned patients had an event. Of these, 55 experienced progression or recurrence after initial treatment. Eleven (31%) of 36 patients treated with CFV were successfully retrieved with a doxorubicin-containing regimen and surgery and remain alive at last contact, whereas only one (6%) of 18 patients treated with CD was alive after retrieval therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFV is effective for stage I or II HB. Doxorubicin can be omitted as part of initial therapy in the majority of these patients, potentially limiting the long-term cardiac toxicities, without compromising outcome. Doxorubicin is effective in rescuing patients with recurrent disease after CFV and should be incorporated as a means of intensifying initial therapy for advanced-stage, nonmetastatic HB. Outcome of patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis is poor, and improving their survival will require new therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Hematology-Oncology, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS #54, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. mmalogolowkin@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: Marcio H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Malogolowkin
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krailo
authors.forename: Zhengjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Marleta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil