title: Adenovirus-mediated intra-arterial delivery of cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes inhibits neointima formation in rabbits after balloon injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effect on neointimal hyperplasia of adenovirus-mediated delivery of cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) to the artery after balloon injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty rabbits were randomized into three groups and underwent balloon injury in the left common carotid arteries. The injured arterial segment was isolated by two inflated balloon catheters. Saline or recombinant adenovirus expressing CREG or green fluorescent protein was injected into the lumen of the isolated arterial segments and incubated for 30 minutes. The rabbits were euthanized for immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and morphometric analysis at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after balloon injury and in vivo gene transfer (5 rabbits for each time point). Common carotid artery angiography was performed before euthanasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis demonstrated that CREG expression was significantly down-regulated in the acute phase of vascular injury and was gradually restored in the resolution phase. The changes of CREG expression were in parallel with those of the smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation markers SM alpha-actin and SM myosin heavy chain in the injured arteries. Adenovirus-mediated CREG transfer markedly increased CREG expression in the injured artery. Consequently, morphometric analysis revealed an approximate 50% reduction in the neointima and the intima/media ratio in CREG-transferred arteries compared with the saline and green fluorescent protein controls. Assay with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine showed that CREG transfer significantly inhibited SMC proliferation. In contrast, endothelialization of the injured artery was not affected by CREG transduction as assessed by CD31 immunostaining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that forced expression of CREG in the artery wall after acute vascular injury inhibits SMC proliferation, induces cellular differentiation, and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia. CREG delivery may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of restenosis after vascular angioplasty.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, China. hanyaling@263.net
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chenghui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002404:Catheterization; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D011817:Rabbits; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C114068:CREG1 protein, human; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins