title: A phase II study of gefitinib for patients with advanced HER-1 expressing synovial sarcoma refractory to doxorubicin-containing regimens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advanced synovial sarcomas (SyS) refractory to doxorubicin and ifosfamide are highly resistant to the currently available cytotoxic agents. Based on a report showing a specific overexpression of HER-1 in SyS, we investigated an HER-1 inhibitor, gefitinib, in refractory SyS.
  
  
  METHODS
  To establish the efficacy and safety of gefitinib in HER-1 - positive SyS refractory to one or two lines of doxorubicin- and ifosfamide-based chemotherapy, a phase II study was conducted from December 2002 to October 2005 by 12 centers of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Gefitinib was given at a 500-mg/day oral dose until progression or intolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients were included (46 eligible). All patients had previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease, with a median number of two lines (range, 1-4). The most frequent metastatic sites were the lungs (n = 44, 92%), lymph nodes (n = 11, 23%), and soft tissues (n = 10, 21%). The median duration of treatment was 43 days (range, 13-315). Treatment was interrupted in five patients (10%). Treatment was halted for progression in 45 (94%) patients. The best response was stable disease in 10 patients (21%). Disease progression occurred in 32 patients (70%), with a median time to disease progression of 6 weeks. Progression-free survival at 4 and 6 months was 21% and 6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that gefitinib monotherapy in advanced SyS refractory to conventional chemotherapy did not demonstrate sufficient activity to warrant further investigation in this setting. This may suggest that HER-1 is not a critical protein in tumor progression in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Centre Léon Bérard and UJOMM H.E. Herriot, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ray-Coquard
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Cesne
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schoffski
authors.forename: Binh N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marreaud
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Glabbeke
authors.forename: Pancras
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogendoorn
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Blay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D013584:Sarcoma, Synovial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004317:Doxorubicin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases