title: Muscle determinants of bone mass, geometry and strength in prepubertal girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the relative contribution of peak muscle force (isokinetic peak torque) with surrogate estimates of muscle force, including leg lean tissue mass (LTM) and vertical jump height (VJH), on bone mass, geometry and strength in healthy prepubertal girls (n = 103).
  
  
  METHODS
  Total leg and FN BMC and leg LTM were measured by DXA; the hip strength analysis program was used to assess FN diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA) and section modulus (Z). Isokinetic peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors (60 degrees .s) were used as direct measures of peak muscle force. VJH was measured as an estimate of neuromuscular function. Total leg length or femoral length was used as a surrogate measure of moment arm length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All estimates of muscle function, except VJH, were positively associated with leg BMC (r = 0.72 - 0.90) and FN BMC, geometry and strength (r = 0.35-0.65) (all, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that leg LTM and isokinetic peak torque were independently and equally predictive of leg BMC and FN BMC, bone geometry and strength, explaining 8 to 28% of the variance in each of the bone traits after accounting for moment arm length. When isokinetic peak torque was corrected for both leg LTM and moment arm length, it remained an independent predictor of BMC, CSA and Z, but only accounted for an additional 2 to 5% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that DXA-derived leg LTM can be used as a reasonable surrogate for isokinetic peak muscle forces when assessing bone strength in relation to muscular function in healthy pre-pubertal girls.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia. rmdaly@deakin.edu.au
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stenevi-Lundgren
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Magnus K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque