title: [Change in coagulation after open abdominal wound subjected to seawater immersion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of hyperosmotic fluid and low temperature on hemorrhage and coagulation system after immersion of dogs with open abdominal wounds in seawater.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy dogs were subjected to open abdominal injury, then dogs were randomized equally into two groups: the control group (n=10) (without seawater immersion) and seawater immersion group (n=10). The variables of prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer and factor II, granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140), endothelin-1 (ET-1) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PT and APTT were significantly prolonged. D-dimer, GMP-140, and ET-1 were increased, while factor II was decreased after the dog with open abdominal wound was immersed in seawater (all P<0.05). Compared with the variables of control group, PT, APTT, D-dimer and factor II, ET-1 in seawater immersion group had markedly changed (all P<0.05) except GMP-140 at different time points (all P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obvious vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, platelet activation, inhibition of coagulation factor activity, coagulopathy, and disorders in thrombosis and fibrinolysis system activation occur after dogs with open abdominal wounds are immersed in seawater.
authors.affiliation: Navy General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.forename: Ping-di
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: You-Zhang
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Da-Peng
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun-You
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007101:Immersion / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012623:Seawater; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000097:blood*