title: Indirubin-3-monooxime induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Hep-2 human laryngeal carcinoma cells.
abstract: The commercially available analogue of indirubin, indirubin-3-oxime, is known for its antitumor activities. To further establish its role in anticancer activity, we tested its potential against human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (Hep-2). We investigated the molecular mechanisms of indirubin-induced apoptosis and growth arrest in human laryngeal carcinoma cells. Upon treatment with indirubin-3-monooxime, a time dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed and cells developed many hallmark features of apoptosis. The increase of chromatin condensation after treatment with indirubin-3-oxime identified by staining with chromatin stain Hoechst 333258 indicates apoptosis. The observed increase in DNA fragmentation after indirubin-3-oxime in DNA gel electrophoresis indicates the apoptotic feature exhibited by the drug. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed that indirubin increased populations of apoptotic phase G1. Indirubin-3-oxime-induced growth inhibition was associated with induction of Cdk inhibitor p21, inhibition of cyclin D1 and activation of caspase-3. We conclude that indirubin-3-oxime induces cell death and apoptosis in human laryngeal carcinoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biomonitoring and Management, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India. goldkamesh78@gmail.com
authors.forename: Thiruvanmiyoor Ravichandran
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kameswaran
authors.forename: Ravichandran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanibai
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002843:Chromatin; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D007211:Indoles; D010091:Oximes; C474021:indirubin-3'-monoxime; D019938:Cyclin D1; D053148:Caspase 3