title: [Anesthesia and bodybuilding].
abstract: A strong tendency toward body enhancement and body forming in western industrial societies makes it more likely for each anesthesiologist to get involved in the care of bodybuilders. These patients quite frequently consume androgenic anabolic steroids, human growth hormone and other drugs or substances which are believed to accelerate muscle gain. Cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, hormonal and infectious side effects or complications are common and rarely monitored by health care professionals. The anesthesia risk is not exactly known but seems to be determined mainly by cardiovascular events like myocardial ischemia and dysrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig. frank.hokema@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hokema
authors.forename: Uta-Carolin
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0357-4192
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Führer
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaisers
mesh_terms: D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D001828:Body Image; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone