title: Cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and exposure to chemical agents in Finland [in 1971-95].
abstract: The objective of this article was to find associations between cancer of the mouth and pharynx, occupation and chemical exposure. A cohort of Finns born between 1906 and 1945 was followed-up for 46.8 (21.5 in males and 25.3 in females) million person-years during 1971-95. Incident cases of cancer of the mouth and pharynx (n = 2,708) were identified in a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. The Census occupations in 1970 were converted to chemical exposures with a job-exposure matrix (FINJEM). Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated as the product of prevalence, level and duration of the exposure. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated for each of the 393 occupations, and for CE categories of the 43 chemical agents, using total Finnish population as reference. Relative risks (RR) comparing various CE-categories with unexposed ones were defined for selected agents by Poisson regression analysis. Elevated SIRs were observed among lawyers, authors, journalists, performing artists, musicians, electronics and telefitters, painters (building), building hands, dockers, unskilled labourers and hotel porters in males and private secretaries, dressmakers, shoemakers and cobblers, waiters, pursers and stewardesses in females. The multivariate analyses showed high RRs for high exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, pesticides and alcohol. In conclusion, occupations with high SIRs were mostly the ones with high consumption of alcohol. Exposure to solvents and possibly to pesticides, engine exhaust, textile dust and leather dust may increase the risk of cancer of mouth and pharynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. laura.tarvainen@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarvainen
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kyyrönen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauppinen
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004391:Dust; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity; D013633:Tanning; D013784:Textiles / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004391:Dust; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010575:Pesticides; D012997:Solvents; D001335:Vehicle Emissions