title: Application of Prevention through Design for hearing loss in the mining industry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overexposure to noise remains a widespread and serious health hazard in the U.S. service providing and goods producing industries. Excessive noise can lead to poor verbal communication and reduce the ability to recognize warning signals. These dangerous work conditions can also cause stress and fatigue. Occupational hearing loss is a permanent illness, with no recovery currently possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recognized Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) as one of the ten leading work-related diseases and injuries in the United States, and has emphasized its importance as one of the critical areas expressed in the National Occupational Research Agenda.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the most serious noise problems in the goods producing industries is the operation of continuous mining machines during underground coal mining. In order to minimize occupational hearing loss, noise hazards are "designed out" early in the design process. NIOSH is leading a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PTD) to promote this concept. This paper describes the quiet-by-design approach of a noise control that reduced noise exposures of continuous mining machine operators by 3dB(A) using the four functional areas of PTD, namely Practice, Policy, Research, and Education.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA. PKovalchik@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kovalchik
authors.forename: Rudy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Matetic
authors.forename: Adam K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bealko
mesh_terms: D004522:Educational Status; D004779:Environment Design; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008906:Mining; D017145:Models, Educational; D009314:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D014481:United States