title: Timing of palatal surgery and speech outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of age and lexical status at the time of primary palatal surgery on speech outcome of preschoolers with cleft palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children (33 to 42 months) with nonsyndromic cleft palate participated in the study. Twenty children (Group 1) were less lexically advanced and younger (mean age = 11 months) and 20 children (Group 2) were more lexically advanced and older (mean age = 15 months) when palatal surgery was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of the children's spontaneous speech were compared on 11 speech production measures (e.g., size of consonant inventory, total consonants correct, % correct for manner of articulation categories, compensatory articulation usage, etc.). Next, listeners rated a 30-second sample of each child's connected speech for articulation proficiency and hypernasality, separately, using direct magnitude estimation (DME).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group differences were noted for 4 of the 11 speech production measures. Children in Group 1 exhibited larger consonant inventories (and true consonant inventories) and more accurate production of nasals and liquids compared to children in Group 2. On the DME task, significant group differences were found for ratings of articulation proficiency and hypernasality. Children in Group 1 exhibited better articulation and less hypernasality than children in Group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggested that children who were less lexically advanced and younger at the time of palatal surgery exhibited better articulation and resonance outcomes at 3 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hardin-Jones
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Kelli Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Halter
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Havlik
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology*