title: Key role of platelet procoagulant activity in tissue factor-and collagen-dependent thrombus formation in arterioles and venules in vivo differential sensitivity to thrombin inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood coagulation and platelet activation are mutually dependent processes, but contribute differently to venous and arterial thrombosis. We investigated the interplay of these processes in vivo in a mouse model of arteriolar and venular thrombus formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thrombus formation was studied by intravital (fluorescence) microscopy after topical application of FeCl3 on mouse mesenteric microvessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both in arterioles and venules, the thrombus-forming process relied on tissue factor-factor VII(a) interaction, collagen exposure, and glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet activation. Arterial thrombus formation was impaired by mild thrombin inhibition or platelet inhibition, while venous thrombosis was only suppressed by strong thrombin inhibition or by mild thrombin inhibition together with platelet inhibition. Phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets were present in thrombi of both vessel types, as detected with fluorescently labeled annexin A5. Injection of annexin A5 to shield exposed phosphatidylserine abolished thrombus formation in arterioles and venules, while mutant M1234-annexin A5 was ineffective. Arterial and venous thrombus formations were only slightly affected in mice carrying the factor V Leiden mutation, suggesting insensitivity to factor Va inactivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this microvascular model, the formation of both arterial and venous thrombi relies on collagen-induced platelet activation and tissue factor-induced thrombin generation. Activated, phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets play a key role in thrombus growth in arterioles and venules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. Marijke.Kuijpers@bioch.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Marijke J E
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuijpers
authors.forename: Imke C A
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Munnix
authors.forename: Judith M E M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cosemans
authors.forename: Bart Van
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Vlijmen
authors.forename: Chris P M
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Reutelingsperger
authors.forename: Mirjam Oude
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Egbrink
authors.forename: Johan W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000378:metabolism; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000235:genetics; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015942:Factor VIIa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000235:genetics; D013917:Thrombin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D014699:Venules / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D003094:Collagen; D013925:Thromboplastin; D015942:Factor VIIa; D013917:Thrombin