title: Improving readability of an evaluation tool for low-income clients using visual information processing theories.
abstract: Literacy is an issue for many low-income audiences. Using visual information processing theories, the goal was improving readability of a food behavior checklist and ultimately improving its ability to accurately capture existing changes in dietary behaviors. Using group interviews, low-income clients (n = 18) evaluated 4 visual styles. The text plus color photographs style was preferred over the other 3 visual styles: text only, text plus black and white line drawings, and text plus gray-scale photographs. Employing cognitive interviewing in an iterative process, clients (n = 25) recommended simplifying text for 10 items, modifying content for 15 of 16 visuals, and replacing text with visual content for 7 of 16 items. Professional staff (n = 7) and educators (n = 10) verified that visuals and revised text accurately reflected the content of each item. Clients reported that the revised checklist captured their attention, added pleasure to the evaluation process, improved their understanding of the behaviors in question, and facilitated comprehension of text. Readability scores improved by more than 2 grades. This process can be duplicated by others interested in enhancing the quality of existing evaluation tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8669, USA. mstownsend@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sylva
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metz
authors.forename: Patti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wooten-Swanson
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D004522:Educational Status; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010781:Photography; D011203:Poverty; D011932:Reading; D035862:Vulnerable Populations