title: A modified version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II for cognitive matching of infants with and without Down syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many measures of infants' early cognitive development, including the BSID-II (The Bayley Scales of Infant Development), mix together test items that assess a number of different developmental domains including language, attention, motor functioning and social abilities, and some items contribute to the assessment of more than one domain. Consequently, the scales may lead to under- or over-estimates of cognitive abilities in some clinical samples and may not be the best measure to use for matching purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To address this issue we created a modified form of the BSID-II (the BSID-M) to provide a 'purer' assessment of the general cognitive capacities in infants with Down syndrome (DS) from 6 to 18 months of age. We excluded a number of items that implicated language, motor, attentional and social functioning from the original measure. This modified form was administered to 17 infants with Down syndrome when 6, 12 and 18 months old and to 41 typically developing infants at 4, 7 and 10 months old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggested that the modified form continued to provide a meaningful and stable measure of cognitive functioning and revealed that DS infants may score marginally higher in terms of general cognitive abilities when using this modified form than they might when using the standard BSID-II scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modified form may be useful for researchers who need a 'purer' measure with which to match infants with DS and other infants with intellectual disabilities on cognitive functioning.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Child Development, School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK. d.g.moore@uel.ac.uk
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oates
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results