title: Trichomonas vaginalis-induced neutrophil apoptosis causes  anti-inflammatory cytokine production by human monocyte-derived  macrophages.
abstract: Neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in the vaginal discharge of patients with a Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Neutrophils have a shorter life span than other leucocytes. Our previous study indicated that live T. vaginalis alters Mcl-1 expression and caspase-3 activation, thereby inducing apoptosis of human neutrophils. However, it was previously unknown that the apoptotic neutrophils brought about by T. vaginalis can influence vaginal inflammation. Thus, human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM) were incubated with T. vaginalis-induced apoptotic neutrophils. Cytokine production and phagocytosis by HMDM were evaluated by ELISA and myeloperoxidase stain, respectively. HMDM showed increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-10) and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, compared with macrophages alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Brain Korea 21 for Medical Science, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D010587:Phagocytosis; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009195:Peroxidase