title: Prognostic significance of morning surge in blood pressure: which definition, which outcome?
abstract: The prognostic significance of morning surge in blood pressure (BP) remains obscure because the findings of the four prospective studies available [ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) substudy of the Syst-Eur trial, the Jichii Medical School ABPM-wave1 study, the Bordeaux hypertensive cohort study, and the Ohasama study] have generated conflicting results partly because of small number of events and differences in definitions, measurement conditions, target outcomes, and study populations. A large morning surge was associated with a significantly lower risk of total cardiovascular events in the Syst-Eur study. On the contrary, a large morning surge was associated with a significantly higher risk of total stroke events in the Jichii Medical School ABPM-wave1 study, and of total cardiovascular events in the Bordeaux hypertensive cohort study. The Ohasama study found that a large morning surge was not associated with the risk of total stroke events, but rather with a significantly higher risk of cerebral hemorrhage. More prospective studies or meta-analyses are required to better elucidate the prognostic significance of the morning surge in BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Sendai, Japan. tohkubo@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Metoki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis