title: Image-based monitoring of one-lung ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the increasing demand for one-lung ventilation in both thoracic surgery and other procedures, identifying the correct placement becomes increasingly important. Currently, endobronchial intubation is suspected based on a combination of auscultation and physiological findings. We investigated the ability of the visual display of airflow-induced vibrations to detect single-lung ventilation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-lumen tubes were placed prior to surgery. Tracheal and endobronchial lumens were alternately clamped to produce unilateral lung ventilation of right and left lung. Vibration response imaging, which detects vibrations transmitted to the surface of the thorax, was performed during both right- and left-lung ventilation. Geographical area of vibration response image as well as amount and distribution of lung sounds were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During single-lung ventilation, the image and video obtained from the vibration response imaging identifies the ventilated lung with a larger and darker image on the ventilated side. During single-lung ventilation, 87.2 +/- 5.7% of the measured vibrations was detected over the ventilated lung and 12.8 +/- 5.7% over the non-ventilated lung (P < 0.0001). It was also noted that during single-lung ventilation, the vibration distribution in the non-ventilated lung had a majority of vibration detected by the medial sensors closest to the midline (P < 0.05) as opposed to the midclavicular sensors when the lung is ventilated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During single-lung ventilation, vibration response imaging clearly showed increased vibration in the lung that is being ventilated. Distribution of residual vibration differed in the non-ventilated lung in a manner that suggests transmission of vibrations across the mediastinum from the ventilated lung. The lung image and video obtained from vibration response imaging may provide useful and immediate information to help one-lung ventilation assessment.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Cooper University Hospital, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Camden, NJ, USA. jeansmith@cooperhealth.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cinel
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lotano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deal
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parrillo
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dellinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000502:physiology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation; D013903:Thoracic Surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014732:Vibration