title: [Noninvasive quantification of glutamine and glutamate in skeletal muscles of perioperative rabbits with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive quantification of the metabolic changes of glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) in the skeletal muscles caused by abdominal surgery with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Abdominal surgery were performed on 15 healthy Zelanian rabbits. MRS data, blood specimens, and muscular tissues were obtained on the day before surgery and the second day after surgery. MRS data included peak amplitude and peak area of Gln + Glu (Glx) and total creatine (TCr). The reproducibility of peak amplitude with peak area was compared and the better one was chosen to calculate the ratio of Glx to TCr. Free Gln and Glu concentrations in serum and muscles were analyzed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results of MRS were compared with those of RP-HPLC to evaluate the feasibility of MRS application in Gln and Glu metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak amplitude had better reproducibility than peak area under our conditions. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the ratio of the amplitude of Glx to TCr was (15.62 +/- 9.87)%. The ratio of the amplitude of Glx to TCr significantly decreased on the second day after surgery (P <0.05, P <0.01). The mean free Glx concentrations in both the serum and the muscles different were not significant between on the second day after surgery and on the day before surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of MRS application in reflecting the effects of surgical trauma on muscular Glx metabolism are consistent with those of RP-HPLC. It is feasible to apply MRS in the study of muscular Gln and Glu metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jian-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Gui-Zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yue-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zheng-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid