title: Absence of gene mutations in KIT-positive thymic epithelial tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Overexpression of KIT, a tyrosine kinase receptor protein encoded by the proto-oncogene c-kit, is observed in human neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), myeloproliferative disorders, melanoma and seminoma. In patients with GIST, overexpression of mutated KIT within the tumor is predictive of response to molecular targeted therapy using imatinib. However, the role of KIT expression in thymic carcinoma is not fully understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thymic epithelial tumors from 37 patients (17 thymic carcinomas and 20 thymomas) were examined. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-KIT polyclonal antibody and anti-CD5 was performed. Mutation analyses in the juxtamembrane domains, exons 9 and 11, and in the tyrosine kinase domains, exons 13 and 17, were undertaken using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing in KIT-positive samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KIT- and CD5-positive staining was observed only in thymic carcinoma. Percentage of positive staining was 100% in squamous cell carcinoma, with no positive staining in other histologies, including atypical carcinoid. Mutation analysis of the KIT gene was performed in 11 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 adenosquamous cell carcinoma. None of the tested samples showed mutations in any of the four exons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus frequently expressed KIT and CD5 proteins, whereas other tumors did not. Unlike GIST, overexpression of KIT does not necessarily indicate gene mutation in thymic carcinoma. KIT and CD5 appear useful for evaluating and subtyping thymic epithelial tumors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan. kentsuchi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umezu
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Terumoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eimoto
authors.forename: Jun-ich
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013945:Thymoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit