title: An expanded Transactional Stress and Coping Model for siblings of children with sickle cell disease: family functioning and sibling coping, self-efficacy and perceived social support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the application of an expanded Transactional Stress and Coping Model for the psychological adjustment of non-chronically ill, African-American siblings of children with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven siblings (M = 11.24 years) from 65 families who care for a child with SCD participated. Primary caregivers completed the Coping Health Inventory for Parents, the Family Relations Scale and the Child Behaviour Checklist, while siblings completed the Kidcope, the Children's Self-Efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale, and the Social Support Scale for Children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family processes were predictive of sibling adjustment, revealing that family coping, expressiveness and support improved adjustment, while family conflict predicted poor adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that family-centered interventions stressing family expressiveness and support, while minimizing conflict, will contribute to sibling psychological adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jgold@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treadwell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vichinsky
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D002140:California / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020377:Self Efficacy; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors