title: Endogenous hedgehog expression contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury.
abstract: The developmentally important hedgehog (Hh) pathway is activated in ischemic tissue, and exogenously administered Sonic hedgehog (Shh) supports tissue repair after cardiac ischemia. Hence, it is currently assumed that the endogenous increase in Shh during ischemia serves a beneficial role in limiting cardiac tissue damage. To prove or refute this hypothesis, we treated mice with the smoothened (Smo) inhibitor cyclopamine to block the Hh pathway during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. The experimental induction of myocardial ischemia resulted in activation of the Hh pathway and hallmark features of myocardial damage, such as left ventricular dilatation and reduced cardiac output. Unexpectedly, cyclopamine treatment ameliorated left ventricular dilatation and cardiac output. As the beneficial effect of exogenous Shh was suggested to depend on reduced apoptosis, increased vascularization, and reduced fibrosis, we subsequently assessed the effect of cyclopamine on these processes. Vascularization was similar in cyclopamine-treated and control-treated animals, but increased apoptosis and reduced fibrosis were observed in the cyclopamine-treated animals. Thus, Hh seems to exert a dualistic action in cardiac ischemia in which high exogenous levels are able to foster tissue repair and endogenous Hh seems to be deleterious.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.f.bijlsma@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Maarten F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.forename: Peter J A
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Leenders
authors.forename: Ben J A
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Maikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Peppelenbosch
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
authors.forename: C Arnold
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Spek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C491022:Smo protein, mouse; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; C000541:cyclopamine