title: Update on safety during pregnancy of biological agents and some immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic drugs.
abstract: A consensus paper concerning the interaction of anti-rheumatic drugs and reproduction was published in 2006, representing data collected during the year 2004 and 2005. Because of an increasing use of biological agents in women of fertile age, the information was updated for the years 2006 and 2007. Experts disagree whether TNF-inhibitors should be stopped as soon as pregnancy is recognized or may be continued throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy experience with abatacept and rituximab is still too limited to prove their safety for the developing fetus. They must be withdrawn before a planned pregnancy. LEF has not been proven to be a human teratogen. Registries of transplant recipients have shown that cyclosporin (CsA) and tacrolimus do not increase the rate of congenital anomalies, whereas mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) clearly carries a risk for congenital anomalies. Prophylactic withdrawal of drugs before pregnancy is mandatory for abatacept, rituximab, LEF and MMF. Data remain insufficient for gonadal toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs in men and for excretion of these drugs in human breast milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. monika.oestensen@insel.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Østensen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lockshin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meroni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brucato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid