title: Treatment with propiverine in children suffering from nonneurogenic overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: results of a randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until now no confirmatory clinical trial in children suffering from nonneurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary incontinence could demonstrate superiority for antimuscarinics over placebo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The following study was conducted to prove efficacy and tolerability of propiverine compared to placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial with parallel-group design in children aged 5-10 yr was performed. Prior to the 8-wk medical therapy urologic baseline diagnostics, a 3-wk lifestyle advice (urotherapy) was established.
  
  
  METHODS
  After re-evaluation of in- and exclusion criteria and uroflowmetry, only children fulfilling the requested criteria were allocated to a body-weight-adjusted therapy (10 or 15 mg propiverine twice daily or corresponding placebo).
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy parameters derived from bladder diary and a micturition volume protocol. Decrease in voiding frequency per day was chosen as primary efficacy parameter; secondary endpoints included voided volume and incontinence episodes. A safety assessment was conducted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of 171 randomized children, 87 were treated with propiverine and 84 with placebo. The primary efficacy parameter showed a decrease in voiding frequency (-2.0 episodes for propiverine versus -1.2 for placebo; p=0.0007). Superiority could also be demonstrated for voided volume (31.4 vs. 5.1 ml; p<0.0001) and incontinence episodes (-0.5 vs. -0.2 episodes per d; p=0.0005). The trial design did not allow for separate evaluation of the effect of urotherapy prior to medical treatment. Propiverine was well-tolerated in children. Altogether 23% of side-effects were reported for propiverine and 20% for placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This clinical trial showed superior efficacy of propiverine over placebo and good tolerability for the treatment of children suffering from OAB and urinary incontinence. An important additional factor for the success of the trial was a modified trial design with previous urotherapy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00603343.
authors.affiliation: kehrel.daniela@t-online.de
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marschall-Kehrel
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feustel
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Persson de Geeter
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stehr
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sillén
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strugala
mesh_terms: D001561:Benzilates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001561:Benzilates; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; C015586:propiverine