title: Correlation of transabdominal sonographic and cystoscopic findings in the diagnosis of focal abnormalities of the urinary bladder wall: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the diagnostic capabilities of transabdominal sonography performed with newer sonography machines for showing focal bladder wall abnormalities (FBWAs) detected on cystoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve consecutive patients (97 male and 15 female; mean age, 68 years) underwent cystoscopy. Reasons for referral were macroscopic hematuria (44 cases [39%]), surveillance after transurethral resection (56 cases [49.5%]), and incidental sonographic findings (12 cases [11.5%]). One to 2 days before cystoscopy, sonography was carried out by a single operator who was blinded to clinical and recent sonographic findings. The presence, size, number, and location of FBWAs (eg, polypoid vegetations and asymmetric bladder wall thickening) were recorded and compared with cystoscopic and histologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ten patients with a histologic diagnosis were available for the study. Benign conditions, nontransitional tumors, and transitional tumors were found in 26.3%, 3.7% and 70% of the patients, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of sonography of cystoscopic lesions were 91.4%, 79.3%, 91.4%, 79.3%, and 88.2%. Cancers of 15 mm or smaller and flat tumors were often missed by sonography, whereas chronic cystitis accounted for most of the false-positive sonographic findings; however, sonography had poor capability of characterizing FBWAs, with specificity of 62%. In this respect, color Doppler findings proved of little aid as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients selected for cystoscopy, transabdominal sonography with newer sonography machines showed good diagnostic accuracy for focal alterations of the bladder wall found on cystoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound Service, Presidio Ospedaliero Camilliani Santa Maria Della Pietà, Casoria, Italy. giampierofrancica@tin.it
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francica
authors.forename: Sergio Adamo
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miragliuolo
authors.forename: Fedele Antonio
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: De Marino
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maniscalco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology