Peptidoglycan and muropeptides from pathogens Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas elicit plant innate immunity: structure and activity.
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a unique and essential structural part of the bacterial cell wall. PGNs from two contrasting Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria elicited components characteristic of the innate immune system in Arabidopsis thaliana, such as transcription of the defense gene PR1, oxidative burst, medium alkalinization, and formation of callose. Highly purified muropeptides from PGNs were more effective elicitors of early defense responses than native PGN. Therefore, PGN and its constituents represent a Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) in plant-bacterial interactions. PGN and muropeptides from aggressive Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were significantly more active than those from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which must maintain host cell viability during infection. The structure of muropeptide components and the distinctive differences are described. Differing defense-eliciting abilities appear to depend on subtle structural differences in either carbohydrate or peptide groups.
Erbs
Gitte
G
Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Plant Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Silipo
Alba
A
Aslam
Shazia
S
De Castro
Cristina
C
Liparoti
Valeria
V
Flagiello
Angela
A
Pucci
Pietro
P
Lanzetta
Rosa
R
Parrilli
Michelangelo
M
Molinaro
Antonio
A
Newman
Mari-Anne
MA
Cooper
Richard M
RM
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D017343:Genes, Plant; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014974:Xanthomonas / Q000737:chemistry*
D010455:Peptides; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D002118:Calcium