An overview of harms associated with beta-lactam antimicrobials: where do the carbapenems fit in?
The US Institute of Medicine's focus on patient safety has motivated hospital administrators to facilitate a culture of safety. As a result, subcommittees of the pharmacy and therapeutics committee have emerged in many hospitals to focus on adverse events and patient safety. Antimicrobial harms have gained the attention of practicing clinicians and hospital formulary committees, because they top the list of drugs that are associated with adverse events and because of certain serious harms that have ultimately led to the withdrawal of some antimicrobial agents. In the near future, several antimicrobials in the late phase of development will become available for clinical use (ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, and telavancin), and others (doripenem and dalbavancin) have recently joined the armamentarium. Because new antimicrobials will become part of the treatment armamentarium, it is important to discuss our current understanding of antimicrobial harms in general. Although not thought of as traditional adverse events, Clostridium difficile infection and development of resistance during therapy are adverse events that occur as a result of antimicrobial exposure and therefore are discussed. In addition, a distillation of our current understanding of beta-lactam specific adverse events will be provided. Finally, new methods of administration are being evaluated that may influence peak concentration-related antimicrobial adverse events.
Owens
Robert C
RC
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Infectious Diseases, Maine Medical Center, Bramhall Street, Portland, Maine 04102, USA. owensr@mmc.org
D015780:Carbapenems / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans
D015780:Carbapenems