title: Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life: findings in healthy children and in common laryngeal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although several instruments have been validated to assess voice quality, the incidence and degree of impairment in normal, healthy children has not been widely reported. It is hypothesized that healthy children outside a medical setting do not demonstrate impairment as measured by the Pediatric Voice-Related Quality of Life (PVRQOL) instrument; in contrast, patients with vocal fold paralysis (VFP), vocal nodules (VNs), and paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction (PVFD) have significant impairment as compared to control populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PVRQOL was measured prospectively in children with VFP, VNs, and PVFD. The findings were compared to findings in 100 children surveyed at the 2006 Wisconsin State Fair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 surveys of healthy children and their parents, 95 were completed correctly; their mean (+/- SD) PVRQOL score was 96.8 +/- 5.85. The VFP patients (n = 11; mean PVRQOL score, 70.5 +/- 28.6) reported significant impairment (p < .0001, unpaired t-test). This was also true of patients with VNs (n = 13; PVRQOL score, 84.8 +/- 9.4; p < .0001) and PVFD (n = 25; PVRQOL score, 86.7 +/- 14.3; p < .0001); statistically significant differences were also noted for the Social-Emotional and Physical-Functional domains for each of the 3 disease states compared to the group of healthy children (p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PVRQOL scores of healthy children reveal essentially no self-reported vocal impairment. In contrast, common disorders such as VNs, VFP, and PVFD demonstrate statistically significant impairment in age-matched children for total PVRQOL, as well as for the Social-Emotional and Physical-Functional domains. This is the first report of normative PVRQOL data in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laryngology and Professional Voice, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Merati
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keppel
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Joel H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Blumin
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kerschner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014831:Voice; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology