title: Visual-procedural memory consolidation during sleep blocked by glutamatergic receptor antagonists.
abstract: Visual cortex plasticity is enhanced by sleep. It is hypothesized that a reactivation of glutamatergic synapses is essential for this form of plasticity to occur after learning. To test this hypothesis, human subjects practiced a visual texture discrimination skill known to require post-training sleep for improvements to occur. During sleep, glutamatergic transmission was inhibited by administration of the two glutamate antagonists, caroverine and ketamine, targeting the ionotropic NMDA and AMPA receptors. Both substances given during consolidation sleep in a placebo controlled crossover design were able to prevent improvement of the skill measured the next morning. An off-line activation of glutamatergic synapses therefore seems to play a critical part in the consolidation of plastic changes in the visual cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany. gais@kfg.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gais
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rasch
authors.forename: Ullrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Born
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D007649:Ketamine; C000957:caroverine