title: [D3 agonism: an augmentative treatment in tardive dyskinesia? A case report].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is still a severe side effect induced by old neuroleptic drugs as well as modern atypical ones. The treatment is inefficient and often experimental. Aim of this study was to examine the effect of pramipexole, a dopamine D3 receptor agonist, in a severe case of oro-facial TD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TD of a 21 year old male patient with severe oro-facial occurrence was assessed by the Simpson et al scale before starting pramipexole therapy. Reevaluation was made during therapy and when the maximum dose of 1.44 mg a day was reached. Standard therapy with clozapine, valproic acid, oxazepam, bornaprin hydrochlorid and tiapride was continued as before.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral dyskinesia decreased 20 % and no side effects were observed. Regarding psychopathology the patient was more interested in work and showed better concentration in therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pramipexole could be a new promising add-on therapy in severe TD. Additionally, the low plasma binding and mild side effect profile of pramipexole makes it safe in combination with antipsychotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: LKH Rankweil Abteilung für Psychiatrie I, Rankweil/Osterreich. gerald@rehor.at
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rehor
authors.forename: Meinhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eiler
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conca
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D000077487:Pramipexole; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000819:agonists*; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D000077487:Pramipexole; D003024:Clozapine