Mechanisms of membrane fusion: disparate players and common principles.
Membrane fusion can occur between cells, between different intracellular compartments, between intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane and between lipid-bound structures such as viral particles and cellular membranes. In order for membranes to fuse they must first be brought together. The more highly curved a membrane is, the more fusogenic it becomes. We discuss how proteins, including SNAREs, synaptotagmins and viral fusion proteins, might mediate close membrane apposition and induction of membrane curvature to drive diverse fusion processes. We also highlight common principles that can be derived from the analysis of the role of these proteins.
Martens
Sascha
S
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. martens@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
McMahon
Harvey T
HT
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D050857:Synaptotagmins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053586:Virus Internalization
D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D002118:Calcium