title: Microanalysis of an antimicrobial peptide, beta-defensin-2, in the stratum corneum from patients with atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antimicrobial peptides, such as defensin and cathelicidin, have recently been reported to play important roles in host defence and in cutaneous innate immunity. Although beta-defensin-2 has been reported to be downregulated in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), little is known about its role in the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the stratum corneum of patients with AD. A precise evaluation of these peptides in the stratum corneum as an antimicrobial barrier against S. aureus colonization has not yet been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare beta-defensin-2 levels in the skin of patients with AD and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a microanalytical technique to measure beta-defensin-2 in the stratum corneum using a combination of immunoprecipitation and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta-Defensin-2 in the stratum corneum was significantly higher in AD lesional skin compared with healthy control skin. The beta-defensin-2 content in AD lesional skin also increased in proportion to the severity of the disease. Counting bacterial colonies revealed higher populations of S. aureus on lesional and nonlesional skin surfaces of patients with AD compared with healthy controls. Comparison of S. aureus colony numbers and beta-defensin-2 levels demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.342, P = 0.004, n = 67) between both factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these findings suggest that beta-defensin-2 is induced in response to bacteria, injury or inflammatory stimuli and is not associated with vulnerability to S. aureus colonization in the skin of patients with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imokawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D023083:beta-Defensins