title: Gender-specific care of diabetes mellitus: particular considerations in the management of diabetic women.
abstract: In the past 30 years, the all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality rates for women with diabetes mellitus (DM), in contrast to men, have not declined. Furthermore, the difference between all-cause mortality rates in women with DM and those without DM has more than doubled. This urgently needs addressing. This review will analyse published medical literature relating to the specific management of DM in women and try to identify areas where gender affects care. We have identified specific gender differences in the pathophysiology of glucose homeostasis disorder, diabetes-related complications and any female gender-specific features of women with diabetes, such as contraception and the menopause. These gender-specific features of DM may offer a route to improved care for women and new therapeutic possibilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. auryans@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: Auryan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szalat
authors.forename: Szalat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auryan
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: Raz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Itamar
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D014932:Women's Health Services
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones