Flavonoids: modulators of brain function?
Emerging evidence suggests that dietary phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, may exert beneficial effects on the central nervous system by protecting neurons against stress-induced injury, by suppressing neuroinflammation and by improving cognitive function. It is likely that flavonoids exert such effects, through selective actions on different components of a number of protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling cascades, such as the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. This review explores the potential inhibitory or stimulatory actions of flavonoids within these pathways, and describes how such interactions are likely to underlie neurological effects through their ability to affect the activation state of target molecules and/or by modulating gene expression. Future research directions are outlined in relation to the precise site(s) of action of flavonoids within signalling pathways and the sequence of events that allow them to regulate neuronal function.
Spencer
Jeremy P E
JP
Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG2 6AP, UK. j.p.e.spencer@reading.ac.uk
D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
D005419:Flavonoids; D011494:Protein Kinases