title: Changing patterns of medication use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a Medicaid population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in patterns of medication utilization in patients with RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare) databases (1995-2004) were used to identify adults with both a diagnosis of RA and at least one DMARD prescription each year. Annual age-specific utilization of DMARDs, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs and narcotics was measured on the last day of each year to determine the point prevalence of use of these agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Records from 23 342 patients with treated RA were analysed. Most patients were females (78%) and white (74%). The median age was 57 yrs (interquartile range: 48-65). The proportion of patients who had a current DMARD prescription on the index date increased from 62% in 1995 to 71% in 2004 (P < 0.001). MTX was the most commonly used DMARD. By the end of 2004, 22% of patients had a current prescription for a biologic, and etanercept represented 51% of all biologic therapies. During the study period, the overall utilization of glucocorticoids decreased from 46% to 38% (P < 0.001), whereas NSAID utilization increased from 33% to 38% (P < 0.001), and use of narcotics increased from 38% to 55% (P < 0.001). A secondary analysis that identified RA patients based on diagnosis codes alone, showed similar patterns, but lower DMARD utilization which increased from 33% to 52% overall and from 0% to 16% for biologics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of DMARDs increased in TennCare patients with RA, and by 2004, use of biologics was substantial. Although glucocorticoid utilization decreased, use of both NSAIDs and narcotics increased.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1500 21st Avenue, 2600 VAV, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. carlos.grijalva@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Grijalva
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Mitchel
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors