Systemic diseases with renal manifestations.
This article discusses the epidemiology, recognition, screening, and management of six systemic diseases that commonly present with renal manifestations: diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, congestive heart failure, HIV, liver disease, and dysproteinemias. Diabetic nephropathy remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. The outlook for patients who have lupus nephritis and HIV-associated nephropathy has improved in the last decade. Kidney disease is common in patients who have advanced liver disease, and creatinine-based methods do not provide an accurate estimation of renal function in this population. Dysproteinemias are associated with protean renal manifestations, and renal disease may be the presenting manifestation.
Rajashekar
Asha
A
Division of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, FMP107, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Perazella
Mark A
MA
Crowley
Susan
S
D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening; D011379:Prognosis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology