title: Epidermal growth factor-stimulated extravillous cytotrophoblast motility is mediated by the activation of PI3-K, Akt and both p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trophoblast invasion is a temporally and spatially regulated scheme of events that can dictate pregnancy outcome. Evidence suggests that the potent mitogen epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulates cytotrophoblast (CTB) differentiation and invasion during early pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, the first trimester extravillous CTB cell line SGHPL-4 was used to investigate the signalling pathways involved in the motile component of EGF-mediated CTB migration/invasion. EGF induced the phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K)-dependent proteins, Akt and GSK-3beta as well as both p42/44 MAPK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). EGF-stimulated motility was significantly reduced following the inhibition of PI3-K (P < 0.001), Akt (P < 0.01) and both p42/44 MAPK (P < 0.001) and p38 MAPKs (P < 0.001) but not the inhibition of GSK-3beta. Further analysis indicated that the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 inhibited EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473, which may be responsible for the effect SB 203580 has on CTB motility. Although Akt activation leads to GSK-3beta phosphorylation and the subsequent expression of beta-catenin, activation of this pathway by 1-azakenpaullone was insufficient to stimulate the motile phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate a role for PI3-K, p42/44 MAPK and p38 MAPK in the stimulation of CTB cell motility by EGF, however activation of beta-catenin alone was insufficient to stimulate cell motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: LaMarca
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Keshika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vishnuthevan
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Deborah E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Cindy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Guy St J
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Whitley
mesh_terms: D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D002867:Chromones; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D005419:Flavonoids; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007211:Indoles; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051176:beta Catenin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C119620:kenpaullone; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one