title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in Singapore children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our retrospective study examined community-acquired invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children admitted to KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pneumococcal isolates from sterile sites from 1997 to 2004 were surveyed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 147 positive pneumococcal isolates with a mean age of 45 months. The estimated incidence of IPD was 13.6 per 10(5) children under 5 years old. Diagnoses at presentation were: Pneumonia 63.3% (included 14.3% empyema), bacteremia 17%, meningitis 15.6% (included 2.8% meningitis and pneumonia), 4.1% others. The morbidity rate was 25.2%, mortality rate was 6.1%. Antibiotic resistance was: Penicillin 44%, ceftriaxone 15%, erythromycin 62%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 67%. A separate serotype analysis (n=93, 63%) showed that the current 7valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) would cover 78.1% of vaccine serotypes and 89% of vaccine-related serotypes for children under 5 years old.
authors.affiliation: KK Women's & Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 229899, Singapore. Chong.Chia.Yin@kkh.com.sg
authors.forename: Chia-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Thoon
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koh-Cheng
authors.forename: Mok
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yee-Hui
authors.forename: Tee Wen-Sim
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Nancy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents