title: Using recurrence plot for determinism analysis of EEG recordings in genetic absence epilepsy rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the transition of brain activity towards an absence seizure is a challenging task. In this paper, we use recurrence quantification analysis to indicate the deterministic dynamics of EEG series at the seizure-free, pre-seizure and seizure states in genetic absence epilepsy rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The determinism measure, DET, based on recurrence plot, was applied to analyse these three EEG datasets, each dataset containing 300 single-channel EEG epochs of 5-s duration. Then, statistical analysis of the DET values in each dataset was carried out to determine whether their distributions over the three groups were significantly different. Furthermore, a surrogate technique was applied to calculate the significance level of determinism measures in EEG recordings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/-SD) DET of EEG was 0.177+/-0.045 in pre-seizure intervals. The DET values of pre-seizure EEG data are significantly higher than those of seizure-free intervals, 0.123+/-0.023, (P<0.01), but lower than those of seizure intervals, 0.392+/-0.110, (P<0.01). Using surrogate data methods, the significance of determinism in EEG epochs was present in 25 of 300 (8.3%), 181 of 300 (60.3%) and 289 of 300 (96.3%) in seizure-free, pre-seizure and seizure intervals, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results provide some first indications that EEG epochs during pre-seizure intervals exhibit a higher degree of determinism than seizure-free EEG epochs, but lower than those in seizure EEG epochs in absence epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed methods have the potential of detecting the transition between normal brain activity and the absence seizure state, thus opening up the possibility of intervention, whether electrical or pharmacological, to prevent the oncoming seizure.
authors.affiliation: Department of MEEM, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Gaoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. Electronic address: xiaoli.avh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of MEEM, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Chuangyin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Division of Neuroscience, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012008:Recurrence; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D013997:Time Factors