title: Purinergic-mediated Ca2+ influx in Dictyostelium discoideum.
abstract: The presence of five P2X-like genes (p2xA-E) in Dictyostelium suggests that nucleotides other than cAMP may act as extracellular signalling molecules in this model eukaryote. However, p2xA was found to have an exclusively intracellular localisation making it unclear whether Dictyostelium utilise P2 receptors in a manner analogous to vertebrates. Using an apoaequorin expressing strain we show here that Dictyostelium do possess cell surface P2 receptors that facilitate Ca(2+) influx in response to extracellular ATP and ADP (EC(50)=7.5microM and 6.1microM, respectively). Indicative of P2X receptor activation, responses were rapid reaching peak within 2.91+/-0.04s, required extracellular Ca(2+), were inhibited by Gd(3+), modified by extracellular pH and were not affected by deletion of either the single Gbeta or iplA genes. Responses also remained unaffected by disruption of p2xA or p2xE showing that these genes are not involved. Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) inhibited purine-evoked Ca(2+) influx with IC(50) values of 0.9 and 6.3microM, respectively. 300microM Zn(2+) completely abolished the initial large rapid rise in intracellular Ca(2+) revealing the presence of an additional smaller, slower P2Y-like response. The existence of P2 receptors in Dictyostelium makes this organism a valuable model to explore fundamental aspects of purinergic signalling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
authors.forename: Melanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ennion
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000331:Aequorin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004023:Dictyostelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001059:Apoproteins; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C060014:apoaequorin; D000331:Aequorin; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005682:Gadolinium; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium