title: Evaluation of the antiosteoporotic potential of Tinospora cordifolia in female rats.
abstract: The available courses of therapy to osteoporosis in menopausal women are limited by several side effects generated. A need therefore arises to explore herbal alternatives that are effective and safe.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Present animal studies were conducted to investigate the potential of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) ethanolic stem extract as an antiosteoporotic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (ovx) or sham operated and treated with vehicle (benzyl benzoate:castor oil; 1:4), E(2) (1 microg/day) or TC (10, 50, 100 mg/kg b.wt) subcutaneously for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment bone mineral density of tibiae was measured by quantitative computer tomography. Serum was analyzed for the activity of alkaline phosphatase and levels of osteocalcin, cross-laps and lipids. Uterus and mammary gland were processed for histological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovx rats treated with TC (10 mg/kg b.wt) showed an osteoprotective effect as the bone loss in tibiae was slower than ovx controls. Serum osteocalcin and cross-laps levels were significantly reduced. All the above effects of TC were much milder than those produced by E(2). Alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in TC treatment groups. Total cholesterol and LDL levels remained unaltered but HDL levels were significantly lowered with TC (50 mg/kg b.wt) treatment. Uterus and mammary gland showed no signs of proliferation after treatment with TC extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TC extract showed estrogen like effects in bone but not in reproductive organs like uterus and mammary gland. Thus, this study demonstrates that extract of T. cordifolia has the potential for being used as antiosteoporotic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapur
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jarry
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wuttke
authors.forename: B M J
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seidlova-Wuttke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000187:drug effects; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018547:Plant Stems; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031610:Tinospora; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004967:Estrogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004958:Estradiol