title: Closing the gap between coil and balloon in the neurointerventional armamentarium? Initial clinical experience with a nitinol vascular occlusion plug.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of vascular plug devices for the occlusion of high-flow lesions is a relatively new and successful procedure in peripheral and cardiopulmonary interventions. We report on the use and efficiency of the Amplatzer vascular plug in a small clinical series and discuss its potential for occlusion of large vessels and high-flow lesions in neurointerventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2005 and 2007 four patients (mean age 38.5 years, range 16-62 years) were treated with the device, in three patients to achieve parent artery occlusion of the internal carotid artery, in one patient to occlude a high-flow arteriovenous fistula of the neck. The application, time to occlusion, and angiographic and clinical results and the follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Navigation, positioning and detachment of the device were satisfactory in all cases. No flow-related migration of the plug was seen. The cessation of flow was delayed by a mean of 10.5 min after deployment of the first device. In the procedures involving vessel sacrifice, two devices had to be deployed to achieve total occlusion. No patient experienced new neurological deficits; the 3-month follow-up revealed stable results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Amplatzer vascular plug can be adapted for the treatment of high-flow lesions and parent artery occlusions in the head and neck. In this small series the use of the devices was uncomplicated and safe. The rigid and large delivery device and the delayed cessation of flow currently limit the device's use in neurointerventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. jan.gralla@insel.ch
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gralla
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schroth
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kickuth
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Koussy
authors.forename: Dai-Do
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Caspar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brekenfeld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000497:Alloys; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol