title: Fluorescence changes in remineralized and nonremineralized enamel adjacent to glass ionomer ART restorations: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluorescence changes of remineralized and nonremineralized enamel margins adjacent to glass ionomer restorations during a pH cycling sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred permanent molar and premolar teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution for 3 days and restored with a glass ionomer restoration (simulating Atraumatic Restorative Treatment [ART]). Half were placed in a remin solution for 7 days to create a remineralization (remin) group. Specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=25): (a) 2 remin groups; and (b) 2 nonremin groups. One half of the remin and nonremin group specimens were treated with a 5,000-ppm sodium fluoride solution during pH cycling with remin fluid and an acidic beverage over 20 days. Fluorescence changes were recorded with quantitative light fluorescence (QLF). Higher fluorescence values indicated less lesion porosity. Statistical comparisons between the groups over the 5 measurement sessions of cycling were performed using repeated measures of analysis of variance with a post-hoc test, paired-sample t test and 2-sample t tests (alpha=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The remin groups experienced significantly less lesion porosity than the nonremin groups. Fluoride groups experienced less lesion porosity than the nonfluoride groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A brief period of remineralization and use of a prescription strength fluoridated rinse improved the enamel substrate surrounding glass ionomer restorations, resulting in less lesion porosity.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. elizabeth.gaskin@usmc.mil
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Gaskin
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harless
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wefel
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Armstrong
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Marcos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Maria Marcela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D002326:Cariogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003732:Dental Caries Activity Tests; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005453:Fluorescence; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008963:Molar; D016062:Porosity; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization
chemical_list: D002326:Cariogenic Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D005459:Fluorides