title: Memory and psychostimulants: modulation of Pavlovian fear conditioning by amphetamine in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With the use of prescription stimulants on the rise, it is important to examine the cognitive effects of low and moderate doses of stimulants rather than only those typical of addicts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study examined the effects a range of doses (0.005-8 mg/kg) of D: -amphetamine sulfate on cued and contextual Pavlovian fear conditioning in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In agreement with previous research, subjects administered with a moderately high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg) pre-training, typical of what addicts might take, displayed impaired conditioned freezing when tested off-drug. Alternately, subjects injected with a very low dose of amphetamine (0.005, 0.025, or 0.05 mg/kg) pre-training, similar to the therapeutic doses for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, displayed enhanced memory when tested off-drug. A control study showed that these effects were not due to state-dependent learning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, dose is a critical determinant of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0109, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0109, USA. scwood@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Suzanne C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Stephan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Anagnostaras
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000661:Amphetamine