title: Reactions of human liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase with beta-chloro-L-alanine and L-cysteine: spectroscopic and kinetic analysis.
abstract: In addition to the main transaminase reaction, the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme human liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is able to catalyze the alpha,beta-elimination of beta-chloro-L-alanine with a catalytic efficiency similar to that of the physiological transaminase reaction with L-alanine. On the other hand, during the reaction of AGT with L-cysteine, changes in the coenzyme forms and analysis of the products reveal the occurrence of both beta-elimination and half-transamination of L-cysteine together with the pyruvate transamination. A mechanism in which a ketimine species is the common intermediate of half-transamination and beta-elimination of L-cysteine is proposed. L-cysteine partitions between these two reactions with a ratio of approximately 2.5. Rapid scanning stopped-flow and quench flow experiments permit the identification of reaction intermediates and the measurements of the kinetic parameters of L-cysteine half-transamination. The k(cat) of this reaction is 200- or 60-fold lower than that of L-alanine and L-serine, respectively. Conversely, L-cysteine binds to AGT with a binding affinity 30- and 200-fold higher than that of L-alanine and L-serine, respectively. This appears to be consistent with the calculated interaction energies of the L-cysteine, L-alanine and L-serine docked at the active site of AGT.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, sezione di Chimica Biologica, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertoldi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cellini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paiardini
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montioli
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borri Voltattorni
mesh_terms: D020134:Catalytic Domain; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D000637:Transaminases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015091:beta-Alanine; C006977:3-chloroalanine; D000637:Transaminases; C019635:Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase; D003545:Cysteine