title: Is rapid preparation for thyroidectomy in severe Graves' disease beneficial? The relationship between clinical and immunohistochemical aspects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the effect of Lugol's Iodine (LI) on angiogenic characteristics and postthyroidectomy morbidity in patients with Graves' Disease (GD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 153 patients, who underwent thyroidectomies for GD between 1987 and 2006 were reviewed. LI in addition to antithyroid drugs (ATD) was administered to 16 toxic Graves' cases (group I), while 137 received ATD only (group II). In order to evaluate thyroid vascularity, immunohistochemical staining (IHS) for VEGF and CD31 for assessing microvessel density (MVD) were performed in group I, 20 random cases of group II, and 7 stochastic patients with non-toxic goiter (group III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early postoperative complications were significantly higher in group I compared to group II: (transient recurrent nerve palsy (P < 0.04), transient hypocalcemia (P < 0.02), and postoperative bleeding (P < 0.003)). Meanwhile permanent complications were not significantly different. VEGF-IHS revealed ten patients of group I (62.5%) to have positive staining compared to only 3 (15%) of group II. All patients of group III stained positive. The expression of VEGF was more intense in group I as compared to group II (P < 0.02). However, no significant difference of MVD among all groups was recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative LI treatment may be associated with increased early postoperative morbidity and did not affect thyroid vascularity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, 35033, Marburg, Germany. hassan@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Danila
authors.forename: Heisam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aljabri
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karakas
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007454:Iodides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007454:Iodides; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C010389:Lugol's solution