title: Computed tomographic angiography in the evaluation of clip placement for intracranial aneurysm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has been shown to reliably detect aneurysms pre-operatively. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of post-operative CTA to detect aneurysmal remnants in connection with clip placement compared with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Furthermore, special attention was paid to identifying factors influencing the image quality of CTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2005 and January 2006 a total of 76 patients with intracranial aneurysms were treated in our department. Thirty-two patients with a total of 33 clipped aneurysm were included in this study. All patients underwent CTA and DSA after surgery. Two investigators, each blinded to the classifications of the other, assessed image quality and clip placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three patients aneurysmal remnants could be detected with CTA and DSA. One 2-mm aneurysmal remnant was not clearly identified on CTA; two small (<2-mm) aneurysmal remnants were definitely not seen on CTA. A single titanium clip was used for aneurysmal clipping in 26 patients, two clips were needed in six patients and one aneurysm required three clips being used. Overall, use of one titanium clip tended to result in better image quality. In addition, clip-gantry angles between 30 degrees and 60 degrees tended to yield better image quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-operatively, CTA can be recommended as a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool only with optimal image quality and with this criterion up to 66% of the aneurysms can be evaluated. Titanium artefacts, especially in the important zone (<2 mm) around the clip in which small aneurysmal remnants can occur, can render adequate evaluation impossible. CTA image quality depends on the number of titanium clips used, but clip-gantry-angle does not significantly influence the image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum-Langendreer, Bochum, Germany. ioannis.pechlivanis@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pechlivanis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koenen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engelhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heuser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harders
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmieder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000592:standards; D016477:Artifacts; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium