title: Clinical analysis of multiple primary malignancies in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer incidence raises progressively during life span; it is estimated that by the year 2030 almost 70% of all neoplasms will occur in people over 65 years old. As carcinogenesis is a multistep, time-requiring process, it is expected that as people live longer they are more likely to develop cancer, and therefore, the prevalence of multiple primary malignancies (MPM) is destined to increase with age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of all consecutive cancer patients referred to our center from January 2004 to January 2007 were reviewed. We chose the definition of MPM proposed by Warren and Gates. Multiple malignancies were assessed for elderly (>or=70 years old) and younger patients. t-Test and Mc Nemar test were used; subgroup analysis was also performed according to age stratification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,503 consecutive patients were considered; 566 were 70 years old or more (mean age 76.5 years, range 70-96 years) and 878 were younger (mean age 57 years, range 18-69 years). The prevalence of multiple malignancies in the elderly people versus younger ones was 15% and 6%, respectively (P = 0.001). As far as the elderly population is concerned, 21% (56/271) of males compared with 14% (42/295) of females had developed MPM; no significant difference was found between the subgroups with MPM or not as far as age (P = 0.16), comorbidities (P = 0.79), medications (P = 0.76), CIRS-G score and index (P = 0.47, P = 0.54), and PS (P = 0.93) are concerned. Most frequent associations among cancer types were prostate with lung (10/87, 11%), prostate with colorectal cancer (10/87, 11%), and smoking-related cancer, namely lung and head and neck cancer (X/Y, 6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients are more likely to develop MPM compared to younger ones. Significant cancer association according to field cancerogenesis concept was the one of smoking-related cancer; other MPM patterns were apparently a random phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, S. Paolo Hospital, Via DI Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy. andrea_luciani@email.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ascione
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marussi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oldani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caldiera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozzoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Codecà
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zonato
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking