title: Non-pharmacologic pain management intervention.
abstract: Unfortunately, many physicians and patients only seek pharmacologic treatments to aid in pain relief; however, many nonpharmacologic interventions exist with excellent potential for pain treatment. This article reviews several of these strategies with an emphasis on clinical indications and expected outcomes. The topics of chronic pain psychology and prescription writing also are reviewed. As a medical provider, it is important to remain open minded to alternative approaches to pain control.
authors.affiliation: INOVA Fairfax Hospital Podiatric Residency Program, 3300 Gallows Road, 6(th) Floor, Falls Church, Virginia 22042-3300, USA. melissa_glennan@hotmail.com <melissa_glennan@hotmail.com>
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Arminio
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D017679:Cryotherapy; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation; D059408:Pain Management; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation