title: Functional comparison of plasma-membrane Na+/H+ antiporters from two pathogenic Candida species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The virulence of Candida species depends on many environmental conditions. Extracellular pH and concentration of alkali metal cations belong among important factors. Nevertheless, the contribution of transporters mediating the exchange of alkali metal cations for protons across the plasma membrane to the cell salt tolerance and other physiological properties of various Candida species has not been studied so far.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tolerance/sensitivity of four pathogenic Candida species to alkali metal cations was tested and the role of one of the cation transporters in that tolerance (presumed to be the plasma-membrane Na+/H+ antiporter) was studied. The genes encoding these antiporters in the most and least salt sensitive species, C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis respectively, were identified, cloned and functionally expressed in the plasma membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking their own cation exporters. Both CpCnh1 and CdCnh1 antiporters had broad substrate specificity and transported Na+, K+, Li+, and Rb+. Their activity in S. cerevisiae cells differed; CpCnh1p provided cells with a much higher salt tolerance than the CdCnh1 antiporter. The observed difference in activity was confirmed by direct measurements of sodium and potassium efflux mediated by these antiporters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have cloned two genes encoding putative Na+/H+ antiporters in C. parapsilosis and C. dubliniensis, and characterized the transport properties of encoded proteins. Our results show that the activity of plasma-membrane Na+/H+ antiporters is one of the factors determining the tolerance of pathogenic Candida species to high external concentrations of alkali metal cations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology AS CR, v,v,i,, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic. krauke@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Krauke
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sychrova
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002175:Candida / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002412:Cations / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008094:Lithium / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008672:Metals, Alkali / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012492:Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: C435129:CNH1 protein, Candida albicans; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002412:Cations; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008672:Metals, Alkali; C000631624:NHA1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012492:Salts; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D008094:Lithium; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D011188:Potassium