title: A pilot trial of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy for renal tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy represents the newest generation of photodynamic therapy and a new paradigm for minimally invasive ablative therapy. We report a pilot trial of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy to evaluate the effect on porcine renal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs underwent continuous infusion of WST-09 (Negma-Lerads, Toussous le Noble, France) and concurrent illumination with interstitial laser at a wavelength of 763 nm to the lower pole of the kidney. Drug doses were 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg and light doses were 100 to 200 J. Nuclear renography was performed on postoperative day 5. On postoperative day 7 arteriography, pyelography, computerized tomography of the abdomen and necropsy were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of 7 animals completed therapy and all evaluations. Three animals died, including 1 of surgical complications and 2 of an anaphylactoid reaction to the Cremophor solvent in the compound. All kidneys in surviving animals functioned on nuclear renography. Renal function remained unchanged. No lesions or urine leakage was visible on imaging. On necropsy lesion size was 5 x 4 x 3 to 7 x 7 x 14 mm depending on the drug/light dose. Histology showed a distinct demarcation between the treated zone and the surrounding parenchyma at higher doses. Lesions were well demarcated with necrotic tubules, glomerular fibrinoid necrosis, capillary loop thrombosis, interstitial hemorrhage and lymphocytic infiltrates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant tissue effect with some necrosis was seen at these low drug/light combinations. This study provides the initial proof of principle that justifies further preclinical investigation of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy for renal tumors. A newer, water based formulation should decrease the incidence of reactions in swine. This newer formulation may allow further safe investigation of this novel treatment paradigm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. surmatin@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Surena F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Matin
authors.forename: Peggy T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Tinkey
authors.forename: Agatha T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Borne
authors.forename: L Clifton
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Avigdor
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherz
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013552:Swine