Using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry to determine pharmaceutical residues in Taiwanese rivers and wastewaters.
To establish their environmental concentrations and to support surface water protection programs, we have undertaken a preliminary study of the concentrations of selected acidic and neutral pharmaceutical residues (clofibric acid, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and carbamazepine) in Taiwanese river and wastewater samples. These pharmaceutical residues were extracted from the water samples through the Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction (SPE). The analytes were then identified and quantified using liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry with dual-polarity electrospray ionization in the product ion scan mode. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.5 and 20 ngl(-1) for 250 ml samples of water. We investigated the intra- and interbatch precision and accuracy at two levels of concentration. The selected analytes were detected at concentrations ranging from <0.5 to 960 ngl(-1) in wastewater treatment plant effluents and river water samples.
Chen
Hsin-Chang
HC
Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan.
Wang
Pi-Lien
PL
Ding
Wang-Hsien
WH
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical