title: Sex-specific association of the putative fructose transporter SLC2A9 variants with uric acid levels is modified by BMI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High serum uric acid levels lead to gout and have been reported to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the putative fructose transporter SLC2A9 was reported to influence uric acid levels. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms within this gene with uric acid levels and to determine whether this association is modified by obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four single nucleotide polymorphisms within SLC2A9 (rs6855911, rs7442295, rs6449213, and rs12510549) were genotyped in the population-based prospective Bruneck Study (n = 800) and in a case-control study from Utah including 1,038 subjects recruited for severe obesity and 831 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed highly significant associations between all four polymorphisms and uric acid levels in all study groups. Each copy of the minor allele decreased age- and sex-adjusted uric acid levels by 0.30-0.35 mg/dl on average, which translates to a relative decrease of 5-6% with P values ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-11) in the combined analysis. An extended adjustment for BMI, creatinine, gout medication, and alcohol intake improved P values to a range of 10(-14) to 10(-20). The association was more pronounced in women and the population-based Bruneck Study and was significantly modified by BMI, with stronger effect sizes in individuals with high BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genetic variants within SLC2A9 have significant effects on uric acid levels and are modified by sex and BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and ClinicalPharmacology, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandstätter
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiechl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollerits
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Iris M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Heid
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coassin
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willeit
authors.forename: Ted D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Illig
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D014589:Utah
chemical_list: D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; C411811:SLC2A9 protein, human; D014527:Uric Acid