title: Cutaneous malignant melanoma metastatic to the eye, lids, and orbit.
abstract: The incidence of malignant cutaneous melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer. Thus, it will become an increasingly common source of metastatic disease to the eye, lids, and orbit. Herein, we have performed a systematic review of previously published cases including patient characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, current treatments, and outcomes. At the time of ocular diagnosis, nearly all reported patients had a known history of cutaneous melanoma and synchronous non-ocular metastases. Several aspects help in differentiating the tumors from primary uveal melanomas such as the presence of symptoms, rapidly growing multifocal tumors, vitreous seeding, and histopathological findings. Intraocular metastases (uvea, vitreous, retina, and anterior-segment) are more common and occur in younger patients than extraocular metastases (eyelids, orbit, and extraocular muscles). Palliative radiation therapy is often used for intraocular disease. Orbital metastases from cutaneous melanoma commonly involve the extraocular muscles resulting in diplopia and exophthalmos. The mainstays of extraocular treatment are surgical resection and radiation therapy. Unfortunately, there are few good options for systemic treatment of diffusely metastatic melanoma. Therefore, patients with ocular metastasis should be managed to prevent loss of vision or loss of the eye, and to maximize their quality of life.
authors.affiliation: The New York Eye Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Finger
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed