title: Induction of P450 1A by 3-methylcholanthrene protects mice from aristolochic acid-I-induced acute renal injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytochrome P450 1A, an enzyme known to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), participates in the metabolism of aristolochic acid I (AAI) in liver and kidney microsomes isolated from humans and rodents. This study was designed to investigate whether P450 1A plays a role in AAI-induced renal injury in C57BL/6 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Separate groups of mice were given AAI (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) or pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC, an agent known to induce P450 1A expression in many species including rodents) at 60 mg/kg given at 24 h before AAI injection. Renal function and histopathology were determined at the 3rd day following the high dose of AAI and at the 14th day following the low dose of AAI treatment. For both doses, we determined in vivo AAI clearances and pharmacokinetic parameters. We also determined in vitro P450 1A1/2 activity and the ability of liver microsomes from 3-MC-treated and vehicle-treated mice to metabolize AAI. Finally, the effect of 3-MC on protein levels of P450 1A1/2 in both liver and kidney was measured by western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with 3-MC greatly protected mice against renal failure induced by AAI. In vivo AAI clearance was more rapid in 3-MC-pretreated mice than in the vehicle-pretreated mice. In addition, the P450 1A1/2 activity and the ability to metabolize AAI in hepatic microsomes isolated from 3-MC-treated mice were much greater than in vehicle-treated mice. Western blotting showed that protein levels of hepatic P450 1A1/2 were greatly increased in 3-MC-treated mice than in vehicle-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrated that the induction of hepatic P450 1A1/2 protected against AAI-induced kidney injury through faster in vivo clearance of AAI and suggested an important role for hepatic P450s in the detoxification of AAI-induced renal injury.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yongzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tianpei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034341:Aristolochic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008748:Methylcholanthrene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D034341:Aristolochic Acids; D008748:Methylcholanthrene; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C000228:aristolochic acid I; C076307:methoxyresorufin-O-demethylase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase