title: Detection of pulmonary nodules with move-during-scan magnetic resonance imaging using a free-breathing turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detection of pulmonary metastases is still a challenging task for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was the aim of this study to evaluate the potential of a free-breathing move-during-scan turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence for the detection of pulmonary nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensitivities and positive-predictive values of 2 radiologists to detect pulmonary nodules in 41 move-during-scan MRI examinations of 38 patients with different malignancies were calculated and subgroup analyses according to lesion size and localization were performed. Multidetector computed tomography served as the standard of reference. Additionally, 6 radiologists rated the confidence for the presence of nodular lesions in 212 regions-of-interest, which were randomly selected to represent lesions of various sizes as well as negative findings. Receiver-operator-characteristic was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred twenty-one nodules were found in 30 patients by multidetector computed tomography. Sensitivity and specificity of MRI to detect pulmonary nodules larger than 3 mm on a per-patient basis were 81.8% and 94.7%, respectively. On a per-lesion basis, MRI revealed a sensitivity of 79.0% to 80.7% for lesions larger than 3 mm, if high conspicuity ratings were counted as positive, and 84.6%, if medium and high conspicuity ratings were counted as positive. Sensitivity increased uniformly with lesion size, and all lesions larger than 12 mm were detected. Receiver-operator-characteristic analysis revealed a mean accuracy of 0.90 and sensitivities over 90% for lesions larger than 3 mm with a specificity of 96.1%. For lesions larger than 6 mm the accuracy was 0.99.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of pulmonary nodules with a move-during-scan turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence is feasible. Excellent detection of lesions larger than 6 mm is achievable with free-breathing moving-table MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. tobias.baumann@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saueressig
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fisch
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stankovic
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bartholomae
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honal
authors.forename: Thorsten Alexander
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bley
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging