title: Delayed onset of cardiac allograft vasculopathy by induction therapy using anti-thymocyte globulin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we sought to compare the long-term effects of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and muromonab-CD3 (OKT3) as induction therapy after heart transplantation, with special regard to cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), post-transplant infections, post-transplant non-skin cancers and patient survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1991, 25 heart transplant patients received OKT3 as induction treatment. Accordingly, 25 consecutive patients who received ATG and 25 consecutive patients without induction therapy were enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a follow-up period of 13.4 +/- 4.6 years, time to onset of non-significant and significant CAV was 8.77 +/- 3.38 and 11.60 +/- 4.28 years, respectively, in the ATG group, which was significantly delayed compared with 5.71 +/- 3.08 and 7.44 +/- 2.74 years, respectively, in the non-induction group. In the OKT3 group, time to onset of non-significant and significant CAV (6.10 +/- 2.73 and 7.86 +/- 3.19 years, respectively) did not differ significantly from the non-induction group. Ten- and 15-year actuarial survival rates of ATG- and OKT3-treated patients were not significantly different from those of patients without induction treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests the long-term advantage of ATG in prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. In contrast, OKT3 failed to show such benefit. However, induction therapy with either ATG or OKT3 did not exhibit a significant beneficial effect on long-term patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. zhang.ruoyu@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Ruoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strüber
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051799:Delayed Graft Function / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016853:Muromonab-CD3