title: Obese children show increased intimal wall thickness and decreased pulse wave velocity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood obesity confers an increased risk of vascular changes and adult cardiovascular disease. Using a high-resolution ultrasound technique that enables separation of intimal and medial layers, we examined the intimal thickness (IT) and intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of radial (RA) and dorsal pedal (DPA) arteries and the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in overweight/obese children and adolescents and in healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IT and IMT of RA and DPA and PWV were measured in 33 obese children and adolescents (13.9+/-1.6 years) and in 18 matched lean controls (14.3+/-2.2). Increased RA IT was found in the obese group, whereas no differences in RA IMT or medial thickness were observed. Obese females accounted for the entire difference in RA IT (P=0.04). DPA IT was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol in the obese group (-0.56, P=0.0089). PWV was lower in the obese group than in the lean group (6.2+/-0.8 versus 7.0+/-0.9 m s(-1), respectively; P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children and adolescents, primarily females, present with increased RA IT. The decreased PWV in the obese versus lean subjects might reflect general vasodilatation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. frida.dangardt@klinfys.gu.se
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dangardt
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Osika
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Volkmann
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology