title: Correlation between plasma milrinone concentration and renal function in patients with cardiac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The dose of milrinone should be reduced in patients with renal failure. However, there is little data examining the relationship between plasma concentration of milrinone (pCmil) and renal function in intravenous infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the pCmil relative to renal function during intravenous infusion. We enrolled 10 heart failure patients. Milrinone was continuously infused at a rate of 0.2 microg/kg/min. Blood samples were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the beginning of infusion. Urine was sampled during the first 24 h to calculate creatinine clearance (CLcr) and renal clearance of milrinone (rCLmil).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pCmil exhibited stability over 6 h after the beginning of infusion. During the first 24 h, CLcr and rCLmil were 62.2+/-30.6 ml/min and 1.67+/-0.77 ml/kg/min (106.2+/-60.3 ml/min), respectively. The rCLmil was highly correlated with CLcr. Y=1.77X-3.89 (X, CLcr; Y, rCLmil; R(2)=0.809, P<0.0001). Significant correlations were observed between CLcr and the plasma concentration during the continuous infusion. This correlation was expressed as the equation Y=51.1 x (BW/X)+28.2 (X; CLcr, Y; plasma concentration; BW, body weight; R(2)=0.695, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pCmil exhibited stability 6 h or later after the continuous infusion of milrinone 0.2 microg/kg/min. The pCmil can be estimated by the value of CLcr and BW.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasei
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020105:Milrinone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D020105:Milrinone