title: Intra-articular stabilisation of the equine cricoarytenoid joint.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of laryngoplasty is limited by abduction loss in the early post operative period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in stabilising the cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) and reducing the force on the laryngoplasty suture.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Injection into the cricoarytenoid joint resists the forces produced by physiological laryngeal air flows and pressures thereby reducing the force experienced by the laryngoplasty suture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cadaver larynges were collected at necropsy and PMMA was injected into one CAJ at selected random. Each larynx was subjected to physiological conditions with with constant (static) or cycling (dynamic) flow. The specimens were tested sequentially in each of 4 conditions: 1) bilateral full abduction (Control 1); 2) transection of the suture on the side without PMMA; 3) bilateral abduction achieved by replacing the suture (Control 2); and 4) cutting the suture on the PMMA side. Tracheal pressure and flow and pressure in the flow chamber were recorded using pressure and flow transducers. The strain experienced by each suture during bilateral abduction (Controls 1 and 2) was measured. Statistical comparison of the 4 conditions was performed using a mixed effect model with Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The strain gauge data were analysed by paired comparison of the regression slopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the static and dynamic states, tracheal pressure increased and tracheal flow decreased when the suture on the non-cement side was cut (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in any outcome measure between PMMA injected into the CAJ and bilaterally abducted specimens (Controls 1 and 2) for either condition. The rate of increase in strain with increasing translaryngeal pressure was significantly less on the suture with PMMA placed in the CAJ (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide strong evidence that injecting PMMA into the CAJ resists the collapsing effect of physiological airflows and pressures in vitro and reduces the force experienced by the laryngoplasty suture during maximal abduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Augmentation of prosthetic laryngoplasty with this technique may reduce arytenoid abduction loss in the early post operative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Soderholm
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ducharme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D002102:Cadaver; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular / Q000662:veterinary; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007817:Laryngeal Cartilages / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007830:Larynx / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate