title: Melbourne shunt promotes growth of diminutive central pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, and systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We manage patients with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect, major systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries, and diminutive central pulmonary arteries with a staged approach. The first procedure is a central end-to-side aortopulmonary shunt (Melbourne shunt) intended to cause growth and development of the central pulmonary arteries. We subsequently measured central pulmonary artery growth after Melbourne shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients were followed after Melbourne shunt. The maximum pulmonary artery diameter was measured at the time of surgery and at subsequent catheterizations or surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median pulmonary artery size at surgery was 2 mm. The median pulmonary artery diameter was 5.5 mm at first assessment (median, 6.35 months) and 7 mm at most recent assessment (19.7 months). Mean modified Nakata index increased from 27 mm(2)/m(2) at surgery to 138 mm(2)/m(2) at first assessment, and 176 mm(2)/m(2) at final assessment. There was one acute shunt failure from anastomotic stenosis. Thirteen patients (32.5%) required 21 percutaneous interventions. There were 4 deaths during a median follow-up of 68 months. At the time of complete repair (n = 25) all patients required pulmonary artery augmentation, and 8 are in various stages of palliation. The remaining patients are considered not reparable owing to irreversible pulmonary hypertension (n = 4) or have required fenestration of ventricular septal defect after complete repair (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Melbourne shunt promotes modest growth of central pulmonary arteries leading to complete repair in the majority of patients. There is considerable need for further interventions in these patients to augment the size of the pulmonary arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, The Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. mumtazm@ccf.org
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mumtaz
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Athar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Preminger
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorber
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Latson
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate