title: Comparison of two different methods of limb exsanguination (Esmarch bandage and limb elevation) in intravenous regional anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of the Esmarch bandage and limb elevation techniques in quality of painlessness of intravenous (IV) regional anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blinded, controlled, randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating room of university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 ASA physical status capital I, Ukrainian and capital PE, Cyrillic patients who were scheduled for repair of upper extremity soft-tissue injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized for exsanguination of their upper extremities either by Esmarch bandage (Esmarch group) or by limb elevation (elevation group) to 90 degrees for about 5 minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative and intraoperative pain intensities were evaluated by verbal response scale. The intensity of pain and need for IV sedative and analgesic medications were compared in both groups by Fisher's exact and chi2 tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant statistical difference between the pain intensity data of two groups either before or after starting the surgery. The need for IV supplemental drugs for pain relief was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limb elevation technique, while producing less discomfort for patients, can be as effective as the Esmarch bandage in limb exsanguination during IV regional anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran. farboda@sums.ac.ir <farboda@sums.ac.ir>
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farbood
authors.forename: Shahrbanoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahbazi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001458:Bandages; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology