title: Airway interventions in children with Pierre Robin Sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the interventions required for successful airway management in children with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of both a cleft and craniofacial clinic and a pediatric otolaryngology clinic were searched, and all children with PRS were identified. Data concerning feeding interventions, airway interventions, and comorbid conditions were extracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four cases of PRS were identified. Thirty-eight of the 74 children required airway intervention other than prone positioning. Fourteen of these 38 were managed nonsurgically with nasopharyngeal airway and/or short-term endotracheal intubation, whereas the remaining 24 required surgical intervention. Eighteen of the 24 underwent distraction osteogenesis of the mandible, one underwent tracheostomy, and five underwent tracheostomy followed by eventual distraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, over 50 percent of children with PRS required an airway intervention. These were both nonsurgical and surgical. As otolaryngologists, we must be prepared for the challenges children with PRS may present and the interventions that may be necessary to successfully manage these difficult airways.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota-Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. stri0106@umn.edu
authors.forename: Abby C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lidsky
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lander
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sidman
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016684:Prone Position; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome