title: High prevalence of triple-negative tumors in an urban cancer center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A disparate proportion of breast cancer deaths occur among young women, those of African-American (AA) ancestry, and particularly young AA women. Estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) are key clinically informative biomarkers. The triple-negative (ER-/PR-/HER-2-) tumor subgroup is intrinsically resistant to treatment and portends a poor prognosis. Age, race, and socioeconomic status have been associated with triple-negative tumors (TNT). In the current study, the authors investigated breast cancer subgroups among patients in an urban cancer center serving a multiracial, low socioeconomic population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case series analyzed female invasive breast cancers diagnosed and/or treated between 2003 and 2004 in the AVON Comprehensive Breast Center at Grady Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, and augmented by the hospital registry and pathology reports. Statistical analyses utilized frequency distributions and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 190 breast cancers; 167 (88%) were diagnosed among AA and 23 (12%) were diagnosed among non-AA women. The median age at diagnosis in the 2 groups was 58 years and 57 years, respectively. TNT prevalence was found to differ by race (29.3% among AA women and 13.0% among non-AA women; P = .010). Differences persisted after adjustment for age and stage (odds ratio [OR] of 3.1; 95%confidence interval [95% CI], 0.8-11.6). The majority of recurrences (40.0%) occurred among women with TNT, who were also most likely to experience a fatal event (OR of 3.7; 95%CI, 1.1-13.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a similarity in their age at diagnosis, AA women in our urban cancer center presented with a higher prevalence of TNT and TNT was found to predict the poorest outcomes. Institutional interactive breast conferences and intervention/navigation programs could help to dispel breast cancer disparities and improve outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. mlund@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Mary Jo B
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Ebonee N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Harvey L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Bumpers
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okoli
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Nadjo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatchett
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Otis W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Brawley
authors.forename: Gabriela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Oprea-Ilies
authors.forename: Sheryl G A
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gabram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015995:Prevalence; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone