title: Faith-based organizations and sustainable sheltering operations in Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina: implications for informal network utilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, a significant number of faith-based organizations (FBOs) that were not a part of the formal National Response Plan (NRP) initiated and sustained sheltering operations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the sheltering operations of FBOs, understand the decision-making process of FBO shelters, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of FBO shelters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Verbal interviews were conducted with FBO shelter leaders. Inclusion criteria were: (1) opening in response to the Katrina disaster; (2) operating for more than three weeks; and (3) being a FBO. Enrolled shelters were examined using descriptive data methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of shelters operating in Mississippi up to three weeks post-Katrina were FBO-managed. All of the operating FBO shelters in Mississippi that met the inclusion criteria were contacted with a response rate of 94%. Decisions were made by individuals or small groups in most shelters regarding opening, operating procedures, and closing. Most FBOs provided at least one enabling service to evacuees, and all utilized informal networks for sheltering operations. Only 25% of FBOs had disaster plans in place prior to Hurricane Katrina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faith-based organization shelters played a significant role in the acute phase of the Katrina disaster. Formal disaster training should be initiated for these organizations. Services provided by FBOs should be standardized. Informal networks should be incorporated into national disaster planning.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. apant@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Anjali T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: Italo R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Subbarao
authors.forename: Yu-Hsiang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vu
mesh_terms: D019058:Community Networks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004190:Disasters; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008922:Mississippi; D012066:Relief Work / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012067:Religion; D012944:Social Support