title: Use of an audience response system (ARS) in a dual-campus classroom environment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To implement an audience response system in a dual-campus classroom that aggregated data during graded (attendance and quizzes) and non-graded classroom activities (formative quizzes, case discussions, examination reviews, and team activities) and explore its strengths, weaknesses, and impact on active learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  After extensive research, an appropriate audience response system was selected and implemented in a dual-classroom setting for a third-year required PharmD course. Students were assigned a clicker and training and policies regarding clicker use were reviewed. Activities involving clicker use were carefully planned to simultaneously engage students in both classrooms in real time. Focus groups were conducted with students to gather outcomes data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students and faculty members felt that the immediate feedback the automated response system (ARS) provided was most beneficial during non-graded activities. Student anxiety increased with use of ARS during graded activities due to fears regarding technology failure, user error, and academic integrity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARS is a viable tool for increasing active learning in a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program, especially when used for non-graded class activities. Faculty members should proceed cautiously with using ARS for graded classroom activities and develop detailed and documented policies for ARS use.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. Melissa-Medina@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wanzer
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Er
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Britton
mesh_terms: D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D005178:Faculty; D005246:Feedback; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D013339:Students, Pharmacy; D014584:User-Computer Interface