title: Accommodation insufficiency in children: are exercises better than reading glasses?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate which mode of therapy, plus lens (+1.00D) reading addition (PLRA) or spherical flipper (+/- 1.50D), is the most effective in the treatment of accommodative insufficiency (AI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, 24 subjects (mean age 10.3 years, +/- 2.5 SD) with AI were included in the study. Ten subjects completed 8 weeks of PRLA treatment whereas 9, out of 14, subjects completed 8 weeks of spherical flipper treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant improvement in the accommodative amplitude with both regimes of treatment [F(1, 17) = 18.84, p = 0.0004). Spherical flipper treatment was found to have an overall larger effect on accommodative function as compared with PLRA treatment. However, accommodation did not reach normal values after only 8 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that both methods improve the accommodative amplitude, but that overall accommodative function reaches higher levels of improvement with spherical flipper as compared with PLRA treatment. However, the accommodative function did not gain normal values in 8 weeks of treatment with either regime.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Optometry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brautaset
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlberg
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pansell
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome