title: Identification of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6-responsive genes in human monocyte-derived macrophages using microarrays.
abstract: The transcriptome profile of human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated in vitro by low doses of IL-1 or IL-6 was analyzed by microarrays (Affymetrix, HG-U133A) in 5 independent experiments. Out of 4886 probe sets consistently detected in all 5 array replicates we found approximately 300 genes (FDR<5%) modulated by IL-1 and/or IL-6, among which 34 may be regarded as novel cytokine-responsive macrophage genes of various function. Detailed analysis indicates that cytokine-responsive genes include 125 transcripts significantly up-regulated by IL-1 and only 39 transcripts up-regulated by IL-6, whereas the number of down-regulated transcripts is lower and almost equal for both cytokines. These data indicate that, in comparison to liver cells, IL-1 is more potent than IL-6 in modulating gene expression of human macrophages. Hierarchical clustering analysis of these transcripts yielded 7 separate gene clusters. The most abundant group contains genes strongly activated by IL-1 alone and coding for chemokines, cytokines and their receptors, the components of intracellular signaling as well as transcription factors from NF-kB family. In order to validate the results obtained by microarray analysis the expression of 5 genes from various clusters was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, the putative promoter regions of all cytokine-responsive genes were subjected to the in silico identification of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS). We found that TFBS corresponding to RelA/NF-kB is the most strongly over-represented group and we demonstrated involvement of NF-kB in the expression of selected genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jura
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wegrzyn
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korostyński
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guzik
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oczko-Wojciechowska
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarzab
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piechota
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Przewłocki
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koj
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; C498143:RELA protein, human; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors