title: A case of thanatophoric dysplasia: the early prenatal 2D and 3D sonographic findings and molecular confirmation of diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the early 2D and 3D ultrasound findings and the molecular confirmation in a case of thanatophoric dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  On ultrasound examination, there was frontal bossing, increased nuchal translucency and short limbs at 12 weeks' gestation and a small thorax and short and bowed long bones on 3D at 16 weeks. Amniocentesis and DNA analysis confirmed the mutation of FGFR3 gene indicating thanatophoric dysplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After medical termination of pregnancy, the postmortem X-ray and pathology examination findings were consistent with the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D anatomy scan and molecular confirmation may be helpful in early diagnosis and genetic counseling of thanatophoric dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. hongsoo.wong@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zuccollo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuohy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Pringle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009154:Mutation; D011247:Pregnancy; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D013796:Thanatophoric Dysplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C496365:FGFR3 protein, human; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3