title: Complement cascade activation after an acute psychological stress task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine complement cascade activation after an acute psychological stress task. Psychological stress has been implicated in the exacerbation of inflammatory disorders. Although the complement cascade is a key component of these inflammatory processes, there has been little research regarding its susceptibility to stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, 38 healthy participants completed an 8-minute psychological stress task. Complement components were assessed from blood samples taken by venipuncture, at rest and immediately post task. In experiment 2, 40 participants undertook a similar task; blood samples were collected from a cannula at rest, immediately post task, and after 30 and 60 minutes of recovery. In experiment 3, 40 participants were exposed to both a stress and a control session. Session order was counterbalanced and, on both occasions, we received blood samples from half the participants via a cannula and the other half by repeated venipuncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In experiment 1, C3a levels increased significantly from rest to task, indicating complement cascade activation. In experiment 2, we found that both C3a and Factor Bb increased significantly from rest to task and recovered by 30 and 60 minutes. C5a rose significantly 30 minutes after completion of the stress task. In experiment 3, C3a increased in response to the mental stress task, whereas it decreased slightly during the control session. There was no significant effect of blood taking method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments demonstrate that the complement cascade is susceptible to acute psychological stress and suggest a potential mechanism for stress-induced inflammatory activation in individuals with inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. V.E.Burns@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Victoria E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drayson
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D003167:Complement Activation; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000378:metabolism; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D011415:Complement Factor B / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D003181:Complement C4; D015926:Complement C3a; D011415:Complement Factor B