title: A bioassessment approach for mid-continent great rivers: the Upper Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio (USA).
abstract: The objectives of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Great River Ecosystems (EMAP-GRE) are to (1) develop and demonstrate, in collaboration with states, an assessment program yielding spatially unbiased estimates of the condition of mid-continent great rivers; (2) evaluate environmental indicators for assessing great rivers; and (3) assess the current condition of selected great river resources. The purpose of this paper is to describe EMAP-GRE using examples based on data collected in 2004-2006 with emphasis on an approach to determining reference conditions. EMAP-GRE includes the Upper Mississippi River, the Missouri River, and the Ohio River. Indicators include biotic assemblages (fish, macroinvertebrates, plankton, algae), water chemistry, and aquatic and riparian physical habitat. Reference strata (river reaches for which a single reference expectation is appropriate) were determined by ordination of the fish assemblage and examination of spatial variation in environmental variables. Least disturbed condition of fish assemblages for reference strata was determined by empirical modeling in which we related fish assemblage metrics to a multimetric stressor gradient. We inferred least disturbed condition from the y-intercept, the predicted condition when stress was least. Thresholds for dividing the resource into management-relevant condition classes for biotic indicators were derived using predicted least disturbed condition to set the upper bound on the least disturbed condition class. Also discussed are the outputs of EMAP-GRE, including the assessment document, multimetric indices of condition, and unbiased data supporting state and tribal Clean Water Act reporting, adaptive management, and river restoration.
authors.affiliation: Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, USA. angradi.theodore@epa.gov
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Angradi
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bolgrien
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Jicha
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Batterman
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Moffett
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Elonen
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008922:Mississippi; D008923:Missouri; D009820:Ohio; D045483:Rivers; D014481:United States