title: Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica from lumbar disc herniation: cost utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the faster recovery after early surgery for sciatica compared with prolonged conservative care is attained at reasonable costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost utility analysis alongside a randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine Dutch hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  283 patients with sciatica for 6-12 weeks, caused by lumbar disc herniation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six months of prolonged conservative care compared with early surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) at one year and societal costs, estimated from patient reported utilities (UK and US EuroQol, SF-6D, and visual analogue scale) and diaries on costs (healthcare, patient's costs, and productivity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with prolonged conservative care, early surgery provided faster recovery, with a gain in QALYs according to the UK EuroQol of 0.044 (95% confidence interval 0.005 to 0.083), the US EuroQol of 0.032 (0.005 to 0.059), the SF-6D of 0.024 (0.003 to 0.046), and the visual analogue scale of 0.032 (-0.003 to 0.066). From the healthcare perspective, early surgery resulted in higher costs (difference euro1819 (pound1449; $2832), 95% confidence interval euro842 to euro2790), with a cost utility ratio per QALY of euro41 000 (euro14,000 to euro430 000). From the societal perspective, savings on productivity costs led to a negligible total difference in cost (euro-12, euro-4029 to euro4006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Faster recovery from sciatica makes early surgery likely to be cost effective compared with prolonged conservative care. The estimated difference in healthcare costs was acceptable and was compensated for by the difference in absenteeism from work. For a willingness to pay of euro40,000 or more per QALY, early surgery need not be withheld for economic reasons. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 26872154.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, Netherlands. hout@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Wilbert B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: van den Hout
authors.forename: Wilco C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Peul
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kievit
authors.forename: Ralph T W M
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Thomeer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012585:Sciatica / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*