title: Vertical facial dimensions linked to abnormal foot motion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twenty-two children from Jiutepec, Mexico, were studied to determine whether a correlation exists among foot motion, the position of the innominates, and vertical facial dimensions (ie, the distances between the outer corners of the eyes [the exocanthions] and the ipsilateral outer margins of the lips).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three null hypotheses were constructed and tested using the one-sample t test. Hypothesis A: there is no relationship between abnormal foot pronation and hip position; Hypothesis B: there is no relationship between hip position and vertical facial dimensions; and Hypothesis C: there is no relationship between abnormal foot pronation and vertical facial dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three null hypotheses were rejected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ascending foot cranial model was theorized to explain the findings generated from this study: 1) due to the action of gravity on the body, abnormal foot pronation (inward, forward, and downward rotation) displaces the innominates anteriorly (forward) and downward, with the more anteriorly rotated innominate corresponding to the more pronated foot; 2) anterior rotation of the innominates draws the temporal bones into anterior (internal) rotation, with the more anteriorly rotated temporal bone being ipsilateral to the more anteriorly rotated innominate bone; 3) the more anteriorly rotated temporal bone is linked to an ipsilateral inferior cant of the sphenoid and superior cant of the maxilla, resulting in a relative loss of vertical facial dimensions; and 4) the relative loss of vertical facial dimensions is on the same side as the more pronated foot.
authors.affiliation: GRD BioMed Inc, R&D Biomechanics, 468 Main St, Safety Harbor, FL 34695, USA. rothbartsfoot@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rothbart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006615:Hip / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011403:Pronation; D012399:Rotation