title: The selective MMP-12 inhibitor, AS111793 reduces airway inflammation in mice exposed to cigarette smoke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophage elastase (MMP-12) is involved in the inflammatory process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to investigate in mice the effect of MMP-12 inhibition on the inflammatory process induced by cigarette smoke (CS) or by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure of the airways.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were given, orally, either the selective MMP-12 inhibitor AS111793 (3, 10, 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)), the PDE-4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg kg(-1)) or vehicle, then exposed to CS (for 3 days) or to LPS (100 microg mL(-1), 30 min). Subsequent to the last smoke or LPS exposure, bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed and lungs were removed and homogenized to analyze various markers of inflammation at appropriate times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibition of MMP-12 by AS111793 (10 and 30 mg kg(-1)) was associated with a reduction of the increase in neutrophil number in BAL fluids after 4 days and of macrophages after 11 days. On day 4, AS111793 also significantly reduced all the inflammation markers that had increased after CS exposure, including soluble TNF receptors I and II, MIP-1gamma, IL-6 and pro-MMP-9 activity in BAL fluids, and KC/CXCL1, fractalkine/CX3CL1, TIMP-1 and I-TAC/CXCL11 in lung parenchyma. In contrast, inhibition of MMP-12 did not reduce neutrophil influx, pro-MMP-9 activity or KC/CXCL1 release in BAL fluids of mice exposed to LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of MMP-12 with AS111793, reduced the inflammatory process associated with exposure of mice to CS, strongly suggesting a specific involvement of MMP-12 in lung inflammation following CS exposure.
authors.affiliation: 1INSERM U620, Université de Rennes 1, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Quément
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guénon
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Gillon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valença
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cayron-Elizondo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lagente
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boichot
mesh_terms: D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D001549:Benzamides; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C424423:Roflumilast