Impact and perspective on chronic kidney disease in an Asian developing country: a large-scale survey in North Vietnam.
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asia is expected to increase along with increases of hypertension and diabetes. Most cases are not treated and progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with an increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Renal replacement therapies are so expensive that most ESRD patients die without treatment. Thus, countermeasures against early stages of CKD are urgently needed. Nevertheless, basic information for CKD has not been reported in Vietnam.


METHODS
We conducted a survey of CKD in 8,505 inhabitants aged >40 years in Vietnam. Subjects with abnormal urinary findings were further examined, including serum creatinine levels. In this study, CKD was defined as <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) of estimated creatinine clearance by the Cockcroft-Gault method.


RESULTS
We identified 3.1% of subjects as CKD (stages 3-5) with positive findings in urine test. We also found that elderly hypertension and malnutrition were independent risk factors for CKD in this population.


CONCLUSIONS
We found a significant number of CKD patients in Vietnam. To avoid a CKD pandemic in Asia including Vietnam, we strongly suggest further analyses of risk factors and prognosis of CKD in these populations, and the development of efficient management systems suitable for Asia.
Ito
Jun
J
International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Dung
Dinh Thi Kim
DT
Vuong
Mai Tuyet
MT
Tuyen
Do Gia
do G
Vinh
Le Danh
le D
Huong
Nguyen Thi
NT
Ngoc
Tran Bich
TB
Ngoc
Nguyen Thi Bich
NT
Hien
Mai Thi
MT
Hao
Dang Duc
DD
Oanh
Lam Thi Kim
LT
Lieu
Do Thi
do T
Fujisawa
Masato
M
Kawabata
Masato
M
Shirakawa
Toshiro
T
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology