title: Ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on two different growth stages of reed canarygrass.
abstract: Plant materials from the vegetative growth stage of reed canarygrass and the seed stage of reed canarygrass are pretreated by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and enzymatically hydrolyzed using 15 filter paper units (FPU) cellulase/g glucan to evaluate glucose and xylose yields. Percent conversions of glucose and xylose, effects of temperature and ammonia loading, and hydrolysis profiles are analyzed to determine the most effective AFEX treatment condition for each of the selected materials. The controls used in this study were untreated samples of each biomass material. All pretreatment conditions tested enhanced enzyme digestibility and improved sugar conversions for reed canarygrass compared with their untreated counterparts. Based on 168 h hydrolysis results using 15 FPU Spezyme CP cellulase/g glucan the most effective AFEX treatment conditions were determined as: vegetative growth stage of reed canarygrass--100 degrees C, 60% moisture content, 1.2:1 kg ammonia/kg of dry matter (86% glucose and 78% xylose) and seed stage of reed canarygrass--100 degrees C, 60% moisture content, 0.8:1 kg ammonia/kg of dry matter (89% glucose and 81% xylose). Supplementation by commercial Multifect 720 xylanase along with cellulase further increased both glucose and xylose yields by 10-12% at the most effective AFEX conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, 2527 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Tamika C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teymouri
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D031783:Phalaris / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D014994:Xylose / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D014994:Xylose; D002480:Cellulase; D005947:Glucose