title: Prognostic values of the factor Xa-activated clotting time and endogenous thrombin potential in patients suspected of having disseminated intravascular coagulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Widespread coagulation activation and intravascular fibrin formation are clinical features of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) has been shown to be a useful marker for hypo- or hypercoagulability. The factor Xa-activated clotting time (XACT) represents plasma levels of procoagulant phospholipids. We investigated whether the ETP and XACT would be good prognostic markers in patients suspected of having DIC and whether these markers would show a significant correlation with the thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), a marker of in vivo coagulation activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine patients suspected of having DIC were enrolled for the study. The TAT was measured by ELISA. The ETP and XACT were measured by calibrated automated thrombinography. The 28-day mortality was used as a predictor of clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In overt DIC, higher XACT (9.67 vs. 7.33 min) and higher TAT (26.15 vs. 11.56 ng/ml) results were obtained from the nonsurvivors than from the survivors. ETP levels were lower in the overt DIC group than in the no overt DIC group. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, which was conducted to predict the 28-day mortality, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic analysis curve were as follows: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62-0.78) for the XACT, 0.70 (0.61-0.77) for the TAT, and 0.64 (0.55-0.72) for the ETP. For the diagnosis of overt DIC, the area under the curve of XACT, TAT and ETP were 0.77 (0.69-0.84), 0.64 (0.55-0.72) and 0.73 (0.64-0.80), respectively. The odds ratio of the XACT for the relative risk of 28-day mortality was 9.60 (3.53-26.11), and that of the TAT was 5.18 (2.11-12.72) and that of the ETP 7.66 (1.67-35.17). For the diagnosis of overt DIC, the odds ratio of XACT, TAT and ETP were 37.35 (4.86-286.89), 4.89 (1.93-12.43) and 4.89 (1.98-12.09), respectively. There was a negative correlation between the TAT and ETP (r=-0.223, P=0.012) and a positive correlation between the TAT and XACT (r=0.251, P=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the XACT and ETP may be useful diagnostic and prognostic markers for the DIC. Among various markers, the XACT serves as a good prediction of the 28-day mortality in patients suspected of having DIC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Weon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyun Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seonyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Han-Ik
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000990:Antithrombin III; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D015951:Factor Xa; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D013917:Thrombin
chemical_list: C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D013917:Thrombin; D015951:Factor Xa