title: Reduced parietooccipital white matter glutamine measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in treated graves' disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland. Patients often have affective and cognitive complaints, whether these disappear after treatment remains disputed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate cerebral biochemistry in acute and treated Graves' disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study, investigating volunteers once and patients before and 1 yr after treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at a radiology department, a memory disorder clinic, and two endocrinology clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 53 consecutively referred, newly diagnosed, and untreated patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis, 27 patients (34 +/- 8 yr) and 33 matched volunteers were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated with thionamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed brain metabolite concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and a battery of biochemical, affective, and cognitive tests were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previously reported findings of reduced choline and myo-inositol in acute Graves' disease were confirmed and reversibility was demonstrated. Parieto-occipital white matter glutamine was and remained significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Acute phase parieto-occipital white matter total choline correlated significantly (r = -0.57; P < 0.01) with impaired thyroid function. Pretreatment total T(3) predicted posttreatment occipital gray matter glutamine (r = -0.52; P < 0.01). Occipital gray matter total choline (r = -0.53; P < 0.01) and parietooccipital white matter glutamate (r = -0.54; P < 0.01) correlated with initial values of selected attention and concentration cognitive scores and predicted them at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The persistent reduction of glutamine in white matter, the decreasing glutamate in occipital gray matter, and the correlation with severity of the initial disease as well as with attention and concentration cognitive scores indicated that there was a persistent and possibly progressive disturbance of the glutamate glutamine cycling in Graves' disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. else.rubaek.danielsen@rh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Danielsen
authors.forename: T V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Elberling
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hørding
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perrild
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waldemar
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Feldt-Rasmussen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D005973:Glutamine / Q000032:analysis*; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007294:Inositol / Q000032:analysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000737:chemistry*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000737:chemistry*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D005973:Glutamine; C027172:isospaglumic acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007294:Inositol; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D002794:Choline