title: DNA polymorphisms as tools for spinal cord injury research.
abstract: METHODS
  Data mining of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in gene pathways related to spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify gene polymorphisms putatively implicated with neuronal damage evolution pathways, potentially useful to SCI study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Departments of Psychiatry and Orthopedics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genes involved with processes related to SCI, such as apoptosis, inflammatory response, axonogenesis, peripheral nervous system development and axon ensheathment, were determined by evaluating the 'Biological Process' annotation of Gene Ontology (GO). Each gene of these pathways was mapped using MapViewer, and gene coordinates were used to identify their polymorphisms in the SNP database. As a proof of concept, the frequency of subset of SNPs, located in four genes (ALOX12, APOE, BDNF and NINJ1) was evaluated in the DNA of a group of 28 SCI patients and 38 individuals with no SC lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could identify a total of 95,276 SNPs in a set of 588 genes associated with the selected GO terms, including 3912 nucleotide alterations located in coding regions of genes. The five non-synonymous SNPs genotyped in our small group of patients, showed a significant frequency, reinforcing their potential use for the investigation of SCI evolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the importance of SNPs in many aspects of gene expression and protein activity, these gene alterations have not been explored in SCI research. Here we describe a set of potentially useful SNPs, some of which could underlie the genetic mechanisms involved in the post trauma spinal cord damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. pedson@usp.br
authors.forename: P E M
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Gregório
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kalil
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cristante
authors.forename: W G J
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: M C R
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Gattaz
authors.forename: T E P
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: P S L
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dias-Neto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D030541:Databases, Genetic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004247:DNA