title: Hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroinflammation after cranial irradiation with (56)Fe particles.
abstract: Exposure to heavy-ion radiation is considered a potential health risk in long-term space travel. In the central nervous system (CNS), loss of critical cellular components may lead to performance decrements that could ultimately compromise mission goals and long-term quality of life. Hippocampal-dependent cognitive impairments occur after exposure to ionizing radiation, and while the pathogenesis of this effect is not yet clear, it may involve the production of newly born neurons (neurogenesis) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We irradiated mice with 0.5-4 Gy of (56)Fe ions and 2 months later quantified neurogenesis and numbers of activated microglia as a measure of neuroinflammation in the dentate gyrus. Results showed that there were few changes after 0.5 Gy, but that there was a dose-related decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis and a dose-related increase in numbers of newly born activated microglia from 0.5-4.0 Gy. While those findings were similar to what was reported after X irradiation, there were also some differences, particularly in the response of newly born glia. Overall, this study showed that hippocampal neurogenesis was sensitive to relatively low doses of (56)Fe particles, and that those effects were associated with neuroinflammation. Whether these changes will result in functional impairments or if/how they can be managed are topics for further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rola
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baure
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosi
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lamborn
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Obenaus
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007249:Inflammation; D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D007501:Iron