title: Meta-analysis: sequential therapy appears superior to standard therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients naive to treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard proton-pump inhibitor-based therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection fails in up to one quarter of patients. Sequential therapy may be more efficacious.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare sequential therapy with standard triple therapy for H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE (1981 to October 2007), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. PubMed and Ovid were the search engines used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing sequential and standard triple therapies in treatment-naive patients with documented H. pylori infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  3 reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility and quality and extracted data on eradication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude rates of H. pylori eradication in 10 RCTs involving 2747 patients were 93.4% (95% CI, 91.3% to 95.5%) for sequential therapy (n = 1363) and 76.9% (CI, 71.0% to 82.8%) for standard triple therapy (n = 1384) (relative risk reduction, 71% [CI, 64% to 77%]; absolute risk reduction, 16 percentage points [CI, 14 to 19 percentage points]). The median rates of adherence were 97.4% (range, 90.0% to 98.9%) for sequential therapy and 96.8% (range, 93.0% to 100%) for standard therapy. Sequential therapy appeared superior in prespecified sensitivity (subgroup) analyses stratified by trial quality; smoking status; diagnosis (ulcer disease or nonulcer dyspepsia); resistance to clarithromycin, imidazoles, or both; duration of triple therapy; and method of diagnosis. Both treatments had similar side effect profiles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 1 study was double-blinded. Most patients were from Italy. There was clear evidence of publication bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential therapy appears superior to standard triple therapy for eradication of H. pylori infection. If RCTs in other countries confirm these findings, 10-day sequential therapy could become a standard treatment for H. pylori infection in treatment-naive patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Nadim S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: Carlton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Howden
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors