title: [Surface modification of vascular tissue engineering biomaterial by low temperature plasma with NH3, CO2 and O2].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the biocompatibility of poly (hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) modified by low temperature plasma with NH3, CO2, and O2 with canine Endothelial cells (ECs) and provide the better materials for blood vessel tissue engineering via surface modification.
  
  
  METHODS
  PHBV was modified by low temperature plasma with NH3, CO2, and O2, for 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min respectively, PHBV not modified was used as control group. The contact angle was measured. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to detect the surface elements. Canine endothelial cells (ECs) were cultured on the surface of PHBV and were stained with fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC). Their morphological characteristics were observed with fluorescence microscopy, and the cell proliferation was detected with MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surface contents of carbon of the PHBV modified by low temperature plasma with O2 and CO2 were 63.75% and 69.72%, both lower than that before modification (77.97%). The surface contents of oxygen of the PHBV modified by low temperature plasma with O2 and CO2 were 30.72% and 28.48%, both higher than that before modification (21.74%). The surface content of nitrogen of the PHBV modified by low temperature plasma with NH3 was 3.25%, remarkably higher than that before modification (0). The contact angles of different modification groups, especially those of the 5 min groups, were all significantly smaller than that of the unmodified group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the cytocompatibility was better in the low temperature plasma modified groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surface of PHBV modified by low temperature plasma with NH3, CO2, and O2 has active groups and good biocompatibility, so the surface modification of low temperature plasma with NH3, CO2, and O2 can be a kind of effective method for the tissue engineering blood vessel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yong-Quan
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hai-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen; D011091:Polyesters; C052620:poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-(3-hydroxyvalerate); D000094122:Polyhydroxybutyrates