title: The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire in toddlers and preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twenty to 40% of young children are reported to have behavioral insomnias of childhood. Concerns about sleep at these ages are the most common problem expressed to pediatricians at the time of well child visits. A screening questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), has been used in clinical settings and in research studies to assess children ages 4 to 10 for the presence of sleep problems. A CSHQ total score has distinguished clinical populations from community samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study assesses the CSHQ in a younger age group than previously reported and in a diverse population. A total of 194 children, ages 2 to 51/2 years, were recruited into 3 diagnostic groups: 68 children with autism, 57 children with developmental delay without autism, and 69 typically developing children. All children's parents completed the CSHQ and a sleep log, and all children were studied for 7 days and nights with actigraphy. The children were divided into problem sleep and non-problem sleep groups on the basis of a parent report of a generic sleep problem at the time of entry into the study. The CSHQ responses for the problem and non-problem sleep groups were then compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest that the CSHQ is clinically useful for screening of sleep problems in typically developing children at these young ages as well as in children with diverse neurodevelopmental diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The somewhat higher subscale scores than previously reported for older children appear to be consistent with more sleep problems in younger children.
authors.affiliation: M.I.N.D. Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, U.C. Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Beth L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Goodlin-Jones
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sitnick
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Anders
mesh_terms: D000204:Activity Cycles; D000367:Age Factors; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008499:Medical Records; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires