Effects of primers containing sulfur and phosphate monomers on bonding type IV gold alloy.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of five primers (two sulfur, one phosphate, and two sulfur-phosphate dual-function primers) on the bond strength between a self-curing luting agent and gold-copper-silver (Au-Cu-Ag) alloy.


METHODS
The primers used were two sulfur primers (V-Primer and Metaltite), one phosphate primer (Epricord), and two primers which contained a sulfur monomer and a phosphate monomer (Alloy Primer and Metaltite/Epricord). The surface of Au-Cu-Ag specimens were blasted with alumina, and then bonded with acrylic rods using a tri-n-butylborane-initiated self-curing luting agent. Shear bond strengths were determined after 5000 thermocycles. An additional alumina-blasted Au-Cu-Ag alloy specimen was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.


RESULTS
The maximum shear bond strengths were obtained with Metaltite/Epricord (29.6+/-2.3 MPa) and Alloy Primer (23.0+/-1.6 MPa), followed by Metaltite (10.3+/-4.2 MPa), V-Primer (8.9+/-0.6 MPa), Epricord (6.4+/-1.5 MPa), and No primer control (2.0+/-0.5 MPa). The XPS analysis detected six chemical elements (Au, Cu, Ag, Al, O, and C) on the Au-Cu-Ag alloy. In addition to pure Au element, the metal oxide-states of Ag2O, AgO, Cu2O, and CuO were suggested.


CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of a sulfur monomer and a phosphate monomer significantly improved the bond strength of resin to Au-Cu-Ag alloy which should be especially significant to clinicians.
Taira
Yohsuke
Y
Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan. yohsuke@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Kamada
Kohji
K
D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D045662:Dental Etching; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D013871:Thiones / Q000737:chemistry; D013889:Thiouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry
C521707:Alloy Primer; D001896:Boron Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D006047:Gold Alloys; C509517:Metaltite; D008689:Methacrylates; D010087:Oxides; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D013871:Thiones; D014227:Triazines; C107059:V-Primer; C498352:epricord; C009523:tri-n-butylborane; D012834:Silver; D013889:Thiouracil; D013455:Sulfur; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; C076160:6-(4-vinylbenzyl-n-propyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol; D000535:Aluminum; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D010100:Oxygen