title: Contributions of language and memory demands to verbal memory performance in language-learning disabilities.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of adults with language-based learning disorders (L/LD) and normal language controls on verbal short-term and verbal working memory tasks. Eighteen adults with L/LD and 18 normal language controls were compared on verbal short-term memory and verbal working memory tasks under low, moderate, and high linguistic processing loads. Results indicate no significant group differences on all verbal short-term memory tasks and verbal working memory tasks with low and moderate language loads. Statistically significant group differences were found on the most taxing condition, the verbal working memory task involving high language processing load. The L/LD group performed significantly worse than the control group on both the processing and storage components of this task. These results support the limited capacity hypothesis for adults with L/LD. Rather than presenting with a uniform impairment in verbal memory, they exhibit verbal memory deficits only when their capacity limitations are exceeded under relatively high combined memory and language processing demands.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will (1) understand the relationship between increased linguistic demands and working memory, and (2) learn about working memory skills in adults with language learning disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa, United States. eisaki@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isaki
authors.forename: Tammie J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plante
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007807:Language Tests; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D012660:Semantics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014825:Vocabulary