title: United Nations Environment Programme Capacity Building Pilot Project--training and interlaboratory study on persistent organic pollutant analysis under the Stockholm Convention.
abstract: Within the framework of a United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Capacity Building Project for training of laboratory staff in developing countries on persistent organic pollutant (POP) analysis, an interlaboratory study was organised following an initial evaluation of the performance of laboratories (reality check) and a series of training sessions. The target compounds were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP). Seven laboratories from five countries (Ecuador, Uruguay, Kenya, Moldova, and Fiji) participated. Most of the laboratories had no experience in determining PCBs. Although chromatograms improved considerably after the training and installation of new gas chromatographic (GC) columns at participating laboratories, the level of performance in the interlaboratory study was essentially on par with the moderate performance level achieved by European POP laboratories in the 1980s. Only some individual results were within +/-20% of the target values. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) in POP concentrations determined by laboratories in a sediment sample were >200% in a number of cases. The results for a certified herring sample were better with at least some R.S.D. values below 50% and most below 100%. Clean up was as one of the main sources of error. After inspection it was ascertained that training of laboratory staff and investments in simple consumables such as glassware and GC columns would help to improve the quality of the analysis more than major investments in expensive instrumentation. Creating an effective network of POP laboratories at different continents together with a series of interlaboratory studies and workshops is suggested to improve the measurements of POPs in these countries.
authors.affiliation: VU University, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jacob.de.boer@ivm.vu.nl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: S P J
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: J-W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Bavel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lahoutifard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fiedler
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D007391:International Cooperation; D007753:Laboratories; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012107:Research Design; D013548:Sweden; D014480:United Nations
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals