title: Watermelon stomach in systemic sclerosis: its incidence and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To date, there are no large endoscopic studies in systemic sclerosis (SSc), and both prevalence and characteristics of watermelon stomach in SSc have not been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, endoscopic appearance, therapy success and long-term outcome in SSc patients with watermelon stomach and make predictions about which SSc patients are at risk for watermelon stomach. Patients and methods From 1990 to 2008, 264 patients were seen for evaluation of SSc. Data were collected as regards patients' characteristics, time of watermelon stomach onset, features, therapy and outcome of watermelon stomach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen SSc patients (5.7%) exhibited watermelon stomach. SSc onset preceded watermelon stomach manifestations in 13 patients (86.7%). Most patients (86.7%) presented with iron-deficiency anaemia, two other patients experienced gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gastroscopy disclosed typical 'watermelon stomach' characterized by prominent, erythematous stripes, radiating in a spoke-like fashion from the antrum to the pylorus. All patients received conservative therapy; because of deterioration of watermelon stomach, eight patients (53.3%) underwent endoscopic procedures. During follow-up, five patients (33.3%) exhibited recurrences of watermelon stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series indicates that watermelon stomach should be considered when unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia occurs in SSc patients. Moreover, because watermelon stomach may be the first manifestation of SSc, patients with unexplained watermelon stomach should systematically undergo physical examination and autoantibody testing to detect the underlying SSc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Cedex, France. isabelle.marie@chu-rouen.fr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducrotte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonietti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herve
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levesque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020252:Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007155:Immunologic Factors