title: Aromatase inhibitors and mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the main concerns regarding long-term use of hormone therapy (HT) in symptomatic menopausal women is the perceived increased risk of breast cancer. A method to reduce breast cancer risk in this population of women is urgently needed. We hypothesized that adding aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to HT would reduce local breast estrogen exposure and breast cancer risk without altering the beneficial systemic effects of HT on menopausal symptoms or bone density. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AIs and HT on mammographic breast density (MBD) as a surrogate marker of breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women receiving low-dose HT.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at private clinics affiliated with a university hospital. One group of postmenopausal women (n = 28) received low-dose HT daily plus letrozole 2.5 mg three times weekly. Postmenopausal women receiving HT alone (n = 28) served as controls. MBD, the primary outcome, was measured using quantitative image analysis software as well as by visual analysis by a radiologist. Hypoestrogenic effects, adverse reactions, and bone mineral densities were secondary outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mammograms of 18 women in the study group and 22 women in the control group were suitable for comparison. A statistically significant reduction in MBD occurred in the women who received HT plus an AI, whereas no significant change was observed in the women receiving HT alone. There was no significant increase in hypoestrogenic symptoms during the use of AIs, and bone mineral densities were not significantly reduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding an AI to HT may lower MBD in postmenopausal women. AIs could be good candidates for primary chemoprevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women using HT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Noha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crystal
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wolfman
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bedaiwy
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Casper
mesh_terms: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004967:Estrogens