title: Exploratory study of 99mTc-EC20 imaging for identifying patients with folate receptor-positive solid tumors.
abstract: 99mTc-EC20 is a folate receptor (FR)-targeted imaging agent consisting of the vitamin folate conjugated to 99mTc. FR is expressed on a variety of epithelial cancers, with advanced cancers often expressing FR at significantly higher levels than earlier stages of the disease. The goals of this pilot study were to determine the percentages of various solid tumors that accumulate 99mTc-EC20 in vivo and to correlate 99mTc-EC20 uptake with immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of FR expression in available biopsied tumor tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 154 patients with proven or suspected cancer and at least one lesion of > or =1.5 cm underwent imaging with 99mTc-EC20. The majority of these patients (77%) had a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The remaining patients had a variety of other solid tumors. Whole-body planar images were obtained 1-2 h after injection, followed by SPECT of the region containing index lesions. The uptake of 99mTc-EC20 in tumors was scored as no uptake, mild uptake, or marked uptake. The resultant 99mTc-EC20 data were analyzed for correlation with the expression of the alpha-isoform of FR, as determined by IHC analysis, in tissue available from prior or subsequent surgery or biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of 99mTc-EC20 was well tolerated. Tumors with increased 99mTc-EC20 uptake were identified in 68% of patients, and IHC results were positive for the expression of the alpha-isoform of FR in 67% of patients. The agreement between methods was 61% overall (kappa = 0.096; 95% confidence interval = -0.085 to 0.277), with 72% agreement of positive results and 38% agreement of negative results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo imaging with 99mTc-EC20 identified approximately two thirds of patients as having FR-positive tumors. Agreement between imaging and in vitro IHC was poor but was potentially confounded by a lack of correlation between the time of tissue sampling and the time of 99mTc-EC20 imaging, the heterogeneous expression of FR in metastatic lesions from the same patient, and the inability to detect the beta-isoform of FR by IHC. This pilot study of 99mTc-EC20 scintigraphy indicates that the agent is safe and well tolerated and that this noninvasive procedure may have utility in selecting patients likely to benefit from FR-targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. rfisher@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Edell
authors.forename: Nelson M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Oyesiku
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Messmann
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Amato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C473829:EC20 folate peptide; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D009842:Oligopeptides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D013667:Technetium; D005492:Folic Acid