title: Regulation by P2X7: epithelial migration and stromal organization in the cornea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, the authors demonstrated that BzATP, a P2X(7) receptor agonist, enhanced corneal epithelial migration in vitro. The goal here was to characterize the role of the P2X(7) receptor in the repair of in vivo corneal epithelial debridement wounds and in the structural organization of the corneal stroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epithelial debridement was performed on P2X(7) knockout (P2X(7)(-/-)) and wild-type (WT) mice, and eyes were harvested after 16 hours. Corneas were stained with Richardson vital stain, and the wound area was recorded. Corneas were fixed and prepared for light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analysis. Cuprolinic blue staining was performed to analyze stromal proteoglycans (PGs). Real-time PCR was performed to examine the expression of stromal collagens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P2X(7) was present in the WT corneal epithelium but was not detected in P2X(7)(-/-) mice. Pannexin-1, a protein demonstrated to interact with P2X(7), was absent from the wound edge in P2X(7)(-/-). This was associated with a trend toward delayed corneal reepithelialization. Stromal ultrastructure and collagen alignment were altered in P2X(7)(-/-), and collagen fibrils had smaller diameters with a larger interfibrillar distances. Expression of collagen alpha1(I) and alpha3(v) was reduced. There were 30% fewer sulfated PGs along fibrils in the P2X(7)(-/-) stroma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of the P2X(7) receptor, the expression of proteins in the corneal epithelium was altered and wound healing was compromised. Loss of receptor resulted in morphologic changes in the stroma, including changes in alignment of collagen fibrils, decreased expression of collagen, and smaller fibrils with fewer PGs per fibril.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Ruiyi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.forename: Vickery
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trinkaus-Randall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024062:Collagen Type V / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017630:Connexins / Q000378:metabolism; D003315:Cornea / Q000601:surgery*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003646:Debridement; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000502:physiology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000502:physiology*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024062:Collagen Type V; D017630:Connexins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C546469:P2rx7 protein, mouse; C503631:Panx1 protein, mouse; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D003094:Collagen