title: Perceiving numbers alters time perception.
abstract: The representation of time, space and numbers are strictly linked in the primate's cognitive system. Here we show that merely looking at number symbols biases a temporal judgment on their duration depending upon the number's magnitude. In a first experiment, a group of healthy subjects was submitted to a time estimation task, requiring to judge whether the duration of a test stimulus was longer or shorter than that of a previous reference fixed stimulus (digit 5; duration 300 ms). Test stimuli were the digits 1, 5 and 9 ranging between 250 and 350 ms. The main results showed that temporal perception was biased according to the magnitude expressed by the digit: low digits (i.e. 1) leading to underestimation and high digits (i.e. 9) an overestimation of perceived duration. Control experiments showed that this result was consistent whatever digits were tested but not when letters of the alphabet were used. These findings argue for a functional interaction between time and numbers in the cognitive system.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Palermo, Italy. maxoliveri@unipa.it
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveri
authors.forename: Carmelo Mario
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vicario
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turriziani
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Gaetana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chillemi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*