title: Immunogenetic correlates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding host factors modulating immunity to Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection may benefit work on vaccine development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed longitudinal data collected from 485 male and female adolescents to determine genetic correlates of genital gonorrhea. Cytokine data from 388 females were analyzed to assess immunologic markers of gonorrhea and their relationship to genetic correlates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T-G haplotype defining interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms (-330T and -166G) was more frequently found in individuals who had gonorrhea (relative odds = 3.2, P = 0.01). Among 3 endocervical cytokines measured, IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations were higher and IL-2 lower when gonorrhea was detected. The decrease in endocervical IL-2 after gonorrhea acquisition was mostly restricted to subjects with the IL2 T-G haplotype, which may reflect involvement of a pathogen-specific and genetically mediated mechanism for differential IL-2 responses at genital mucosa. In addition, 2 human leukocyte antigen variants (Cw*04 and DQB1*05) were also independently associated with gonorrhea (adjusted relative odds = 1.9 and 0.5, respectively; P <0.05 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Confirmation of immunogenetic correlates of gonorrhea in larger cohorts may be useful in guiding further research on both innate and adaptive immune responses to N. gonorrhoeae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, RPHB Room 220A, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Chengbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Peggy A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Crowley-Nowick
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kaslow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007376:Interleukin-2