title: Volumetric short scar rhytidectomy--indications, technique and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Procedures combining a short scar with superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) manipulation are increasingly popular for patients with early signs of mid- and lower-facial laxity seeking rhytidectomy. We present the senior author's experience with a short scar volumetric malar imbrication rhytidectomy, which avoids post-auricular incisions and sub-SMAS dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and April 2007, 54 patients underwent a short scar volumetric rhytidectomy (9.6% of all facelifts). These procedures were primary in 38 and secondary in 16 patients, at a mean age of 49 years (range 35-77 years). Average operating time was 90 min. Resultant vertical and horizontal skin movement at the helical root was recorded. Concurrent procedures included blepharoplasty, canthoplasty, endoscopic forehead rejuvenation and fat grafting. Minimum follow up was 3 months. Pre- and 3 month postoperative photographs of 25 randomly selected patients were rated by three independent surgeons. A seven-point scale was used to grade the improvement in the malar eminence, melolabial fold, jowls and cervicomental angle. The overall aesthetic result was assessed using the MDACS grading system. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-tests and general estimation equations where appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant complications. Three patients developed minor cheek swellings which all settled with antibiotics. Mean postoperative aesthetic outcomes were rated as 'Good' using the MDACS scale (mean score 0.64), with no 'Poor' results. Vertical skin lifting was significantly greater than the horizontal skin lifting (P<0.001). Mild postoperative improvements were noted in the malar eminence soft tissue volume, nasolabial fold diminishment, jowl diminishment and cervicomental angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the appropriately selected face, short scar volumetric malar imbrication rhytidectomy is a straightforward, safe and effective procedure for improving the early signs of ageing.
authors.affiliation: King Edward VII's Hospital, Beaumont Street, London W1G 6AA, UK. andrewjdiver@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Damian D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Marucci
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome