title: Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Yoga has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as a beneficial adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga and conventional physical training (PT) exercise regimens on biochemical, oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective randomized study consisted of 77 type 2 diabetic patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that were matched with a similar number of type 2 diabetic patients in the conventional PT exercise and control groups. Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined at baseline and at two consecutive three monthly intervals. The oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde - MDA, protein oxidation - POX, phospholipase A2 - PLA2 activity) and oxidative status [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities] were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of FBG in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups after six months decreased by 29.48% and 27.43% respectively (P < 0.0001) and there was a significant reduction in serum TC in both groups (P < 0.0001). The concentrations of VLDL in the managed groups after six months differed significantly from baseline values (P = 0.036). Lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA significantly decreased by 19.9% and 18.1% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P < 0.0001); whilst the activity of SOD significantly increased by 24.08% and 20.18% respectively (P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in the baseline and 6 months activities of PLA2 and catalase after six months although the latter increased by 13.68% and 13.19% in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively (P = 0.144).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrate the efficacy of Hatha yoga exercise on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest that Hatha yoga exercise and conventional PT exercise may have therapeutic preventative and protective effects on diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12608000217303.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. lorenzogordon@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Lorenzo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Errol Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Donovan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McGrowder
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Yeiny Terry Pena
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Eslaen Martorell
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.forename: Ruby L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Alexander-Lindo
authors.forename: Rachael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Irving
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015013:Yoga
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014280:Triglycerides