title: Coarse particulate matter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Medicare patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health risks of fine particulate matter of 2.5 microm or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) have been studied extensively over the last decade. Evidence concerning the health risks of the coarse fraction of greater than 2.5 microm and 10 microm or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM10-2.5) is limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate risk of hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases associated with PM10-2.5 exposure, controlling for PM2.5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a database assembled for 108 US counties with daily cardiovascular and respiratory disease admission rates, temperature and dew-point temperature, and PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations were calculated with monitoring data as an exposure surrogate from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2005. Admission rates were constructed from the Medicare National Claims History Files, for a study population of approximately 12 million Medicare enrollees living on average 9 miles (14.4 km) from collocated pairs of PM10 and PM2.5 monitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily counts of county-wide emergency hospital admissions for primary diagnoses of cardiovascular or respiratory disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 3.7 million cardiovascular disease and 1.4 million respiratory disease admissions. A 10-microg/m3 increase in PM10-2.5 was associated with a 0.36% (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.05% to 0.68%) increase in cardiovascular disease admissions on the same day. However, when adjusted for PM2.5, the association was no longer statistically significant (0.25%; 95% PI, -0.11% to 0.60%). A 10-microg/m3 increase in PM10-2.5 was associated with a nonstatistically significant unadjusted 0.33% (95% PI, -0.21% to 0.86%) increase in respiratory disease admissions and with a 0.26% (95% PI, -0.32% to 0.84%) increase in respiratory disease admissions when adjusted for PM2.5. The unadjusted associations of PM2.5 with cardiovascular and respiratory disease admissions were 0.71% (95% PI, 0.45%-0.96%) for same-day exposure and 0.44% (95% PI, 0.06% to 0.82%) for exposure 2 days before hospital admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After adjustment for PM2.5, there were no statistically significant associations between coarse particulates and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zeger
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Samet
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dominici
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006278:Medicare; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter