title: Thyrohyoid vocal fold augmentation with calcium hydroxyapatite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical results of the thyrohyoid approach for in-office vocal fold augmentation with calcium hydroxyapatite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of all persons who underwent in-office thyrohyoid vocal fold augmentation between June 1, 2005 and June 1, 2007 were reviewed. Information with respect to patient demographics, indications, complications, and clinical outcome was abstracted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one thyrohyoid vocal fold augmentations were performed in 33 patients (26 men; mean age, 66 years). Six (13%) procedures were aborted as a result of an inability to achieve an appropriate injection angle. Two (6%) self-limited complications included a vasovagal episode and a small ulcer near the petiole of the epiglottis. Pre- and postprocedure data were available for 62.5%. The mean 10-item Voice Handicap Index improved from 27.9 (+/-8.40) preprocedure to 13.5 (+/-10.52) postprocedure (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In-office vocal fold augmentation with the use of the thyrohyoid approach demonstrates excellent clinical results. It has become our technique of choice for vocal fold medialization with the patient under local anesthesia in the office setting. Complications are rare.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Voice and Swallowing, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Debbie A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mouadeb
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Belafsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone; D007267:Injections; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013957:Thyroid Cartilage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014827:Vocal Cords
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite