title: A four-arm, randomized, multicenter phase II trial of oxaliplatin combined with varying schedules of 5-fluorouracil as first-line therapy in previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), with or without leucovorin (LV), is effective and well tolerated for first-line therapy of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is no consensus as to which oxaliplatin/5-FU-containing regimen is superior in the first-line setting. This randomized, multicenter phase II trial was designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 4 different oxaliplatin/5-FU regimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with previously untreated metastatic CRC (mCRC; n = 129) were randomized to 1 of 4 treatment regimens: (1) continuous 5-FU infusion plus oxaliplatin (n = 23); (2) weekly 5-FU bolus with LV plus oxaliplatin (n = 40); (3) oxaliplatin with 2-day infusion 5-FU/LV (FOLFOX4, n = 41); and (4) chronomodulated 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (n = 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall response rates, after expert assessment, ranged from 24% to 34%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) ranged from 6 months to 8 months. Although no significant differences in efficacy were detected in pairwise comparisons of the 4 different regimens, patients randomized to FOLFOX4 had the highest response rate and longest PFS. The FOLFOX4 regimen was also associated with the lowest incidence of severe (grade 3/4) toxicity, with the exception of cumulative peripheral neurotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomized phase II trial provides evidence that oxaliplatin/5-FU regimens are effective and well tolerated for first-line therapy of previously untreated mCRC. The FOLFOX regimens are now an established standard for CRC.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, PA, USA. rramanathan@tgen.org
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Georg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
authors.forename: Stephen Alan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desimone
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braich
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Evars
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hrushesky
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jolivet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin
chemical_list: D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil