title: Impact and perspective on chronic kidney disease in an Asian developing country: a large-scale survey in North Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Asia is expected to increase along with increases of hypertension and diabetes. Most cases are not treated and progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with an increased risk for cardiovascular complications. Renal replacement therapies are so expensive that most ESRD patients die without treatment. Thus, countermeasures against early stages of CKD are urgently needed. Nevertheless, basic information for CKD has not been reported in Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a survey of CKD in 8,505 inhabitants aged >40 years in Vietnam. Subjects with abnormal urinary findings were further examined, including serum creatinine levels. In this study, CKD was defined as <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) of estimated creatinine clearance by the Cockcroft-Gault method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 3.1% of subjects as CKD (stages 3-5) with positive findings in urine test. We also found that elderly hypertension and malnutrition were independent risk factors for CKD in this population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a significant number of CKD patients in Vietnam. To avoid a CKD pandemic in Asia including Vietnam, we strongly suggest further analyses of risk factors and prognosis of CKD in these populations, and the development of efficient management systems suitable for Asia.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Dinh Thi Kim
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dung
authors.forename: Mai Tuyet
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.forename: Do Gia
authors.initials: do G
authors.lastname: Tuyen
authors.forename: Le Danh
authors.initials: le D
authors.lastname: Vinh
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Huong
authors.forename: Tran Bich
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ngoc
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Bich
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ngoc
authors.forename: Mai Thi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.forename: Dang Duc
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Lam Thi Kim
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Oanh
authors.forename: Do Thi
authors.initials: do T
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology