title: Gender differences in predictors of the decline of renal function in the general population.
abstract: We sought to identify predictors of the decline in renal function, especially those that are modifiable, in the 5488 participants of the prospective, community-based cohort study PREVEND who completed three visits during a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. The change in renal function was used as the outcome and this was calculated as the linear regression of three estimated GFR measurements obtained during follow-up. Risk factors, known to influence renal outcome in patients with primary renal diseases, were used as potential predictors in multivariate regression analyses. High systolic blood pressure and plasma glucose were found to be independent predictors for an accelerated decline in function for both genders. In males, albuminuria was the strongest independent predictor for renal function decline, whereas in females albuminuria was univariately associated only after adjustment for age. The direction of the association between cholesterol/HDL ratio and decline of renal function differed by gender. Surprisingly, in males, waist circumference was an independent predictor and positively associated with renal function outcome. These studies show that there are gender differences in the standard predictors of the decline in renal function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Halbesma
authors.forename: Auke H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brantsma
authors.forename: Stephan J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Desiree F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Zeeuw
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: De Jong
authors.forename: Ronald T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gansevoort
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014553:Urinary Tract Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003404:Creatinine