title: Central and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli are normal in non-phobic subjects with Reflex Syncope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reflex Syncope (RS) is a self-limited loss of consciousness due to systemic arterial hypotension resulting from widespread vasodilatation and/or bradycardia. Higher neural centres have been implicated in the pathophysiology of RS, particularly in blood/injury phobic patients. We investigated interictal central autonomic functions in non-phobic RS subjects compared to non-phobic controls evaluating their central and cardiovascular responses to emotional stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular responses to Valsalva Manoeuvre (VM), Deep Breathing (DB) and during presentation of 108 slides selected from the International Affective Picture System were assessed in 20 non-phobic RS subjects and 20 controls. Slide onset visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were also computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in cardiovascular responses and ERP amplitude were found in non-phobic RS subjects and controls at rest, in response to VM and DB or during picture presentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-phobic patients with RS not only have a normal interictal autonomic control of the cardiovascular system but also a normal modulation and adaptation of central and cardiovascular response to emotional processing, in our experimental setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-phobic patients with RS present normal interictal central and cardiovascular responses. Autonomic dysfunction observed in phobic RS patients could be related to mechanisms underlying the phobia itself rather than the mechanisms causing RS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. giovanna.calandra@unibo.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calandra-Buonaura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ribani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barletta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazzetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Codispoti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013575:Syncope / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver / Q000502:physiology*