title: A phantom study of dose compensation behind hip prosthesis using portal dosimetry and dynamic MLC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A dose compensation method is presented for patients with hip prosthesis based on Dynamic Multi Leaves Collimator (DMLC) planning. Calculations are done from an exit Portal Dose Image (PDI) from 6 MV Photon beam using an Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) from Varian. Four different hip prostheses are used for this work.
  
  
  METHODS
  From an exit PDI the fluence needed to yield a uniform dose distribution behind the prosthesis is calculated. To back-project the dose distribution through the phantom, the lateral scatter is removed by deconvolution with a point spread function (PSF) determined for depths from 10 to 40 cm. The dose maximum, D(max), is determined from the primary plan which delivers the PDI. A further deconvolution to remove the dose glare effect in the EPID is performed as well. Additionally, this calculated fluence distribution is imported into the Treatment Planning System (TPS) for the final calculation of a DMLC plan. The fluence file contains information such as the relative central axis (CAX) position, grid size and fluence size needed for correct delivery of the DMLC plan. GafChromic EBT films positioned at 10 cm depth are used as verification of uniform dose distributions behind the prostheses. As the prosthesis is positioned at the phantom surface the dose verifications are done 10 cm from the prosthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The film measurement with 6 MV photon beam shows uniform doses within 5% for most points, but with hot/cold spots of 10% near the femoral head prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Aalborg Hospital, University of Aarhus, Denmark. martin.skovmos.nielsen@rn.dk
authors.forename: Martin Skovmos
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carl
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012984:Software