title: Lymph-node metastases in intermediate-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the metastatic risk of pT1 G2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 20 patients with pT1 G2 penile SCC and determined their groin status at first presentation, their nodal status after inguinal lymph node dissection and their follow-up for at least 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 20 patients had a clinically positive groin; three of these were found to have lymph node metastases. Among the 16 patients with a clinically negative groin, one of five who had surgical lymph node staging had lymph node metastases. During surveillance six of 11 patients developed lymph node metastases. There was lymphovascular invasion in three of 10 patients with lymph node metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As the metastatic risk of pT1 G2 penile SCC was 50% in this series of patients, and 44% in those with an initially negative groin, surgical staging of inguinal lymph nodes is recommended in patients with pT1 G2 penile SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. c.naumann@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Carsten M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alkatout
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Najar
authors.forename: Joanna Beate
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Korda
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolenz
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klöppel
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Juenemann
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors