title: Audiogenic kindling in Wistar and WAG/Rij rats: kindling-prone and kindling-resistant subpopulations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Audiogenic kindling (AK) is a model of naturally occurring epileptogenesis triggered by repeated sound stimulation of rats genetically prone to audiogenic seizures. It is accepted that limbic seizure networks underlie progressive changes in behavioral seizure pattern during AK. The present study investigated AK progression in rats susceptible and unsusceptible to absence seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Progression of AK as indicated by an appearance and intensification of limbic clonus was examined in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats with genetic absence epilepsy and in Wistar rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subpopulations of kindling-prone and kindling-resistant rats were found in both Wistar and WAG/Rij strains. Despite identical seizure responses to the first sound stimulation, AK progression dramatically differed between the two subpopulations. AK-prone rats exhibited rapid kindling development up to maximal stage-5 severity. In AK-resistant rats, limbic clonus did not appear after 30 stimulations or if it appeared, it did not progress beyond stage 2. The proportions of AK-prone and AK-resistant animals within Wistar and WAG/Rij strains were similar. Comparison of Wistar and WAG/Rij rats within the kindling-prone and kindling-resistant groups did not reveal a significant strain effect on AK progression. However, within the WAG/Rij strain, a significantly higher incidence of absence seizures was found in AK-resistant rats compared to AK-prone rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrates that sensitivity to sound-induced epileptogenesis differs dramatically within Wistar and WAG/Rij strains, whereas genetic susceptibility to absence seizures does not change AK progression significantly. It is supposed that an increased incidence of nonconvulsive seizures and resistance to kindling result from a common seizure modulating mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. lvinogradova@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lyudmila V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Vinogradova
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar