title: Smoking, HIV and non-fatal tuberculosis in an urban African population.
abstract: Most previous studies on smoking and tuberculosis (TB) have not considered the role of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and very few have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a case-control study on smoking and TB in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Men aged 18-65 years with TB (n = 72) were compared to men with no history of TB (n = 81). Forty-three per cent of cases smoked vs. 25% of controls (OR 2.3, adjusted for age, education and self-reported HIV status). Given that HIV appears to increase TB transmission in Africa, our finding that smoking also increases the risk of TB in Africa is of special concern.
authors.affiliation: Center for Global Health Research, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feleke
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014505:Urban Population