title: High dose 17 beta-estradiol and the alpha-estrogen agonist PPT trigger apoptosis in human adrenal carcinoma cells but the beta-estrogen agonist DPN does not.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that high dose 17beta-estradiol (10 (-5) M) has a G2/M blocking effect in SW-13 human adrenal carcinoma cultures and strongly enhances apoptosis. To examine the differential effects of estrogen alpha and beta-receptors in this system, we incubated SW-13 cells with specific alpha- and beta-estrogen receptor agonists, PPT [4,4',4''-(propyl-[ (1)H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol] and DPN [2,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionitrile], respectively (each at 10 (-5) M). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the percentages of cells in various phases of the cell cycle [sub-G1 (apoptosis), G1, S, and G2/M] in each experimental condition. Exposure to 17 beta-estradiol for 48 hours increased apoptosis more than 5-fold (from 3.6+/-0.5 to 20+/-2.2% of cells; p<0.01). The alpha-estrogen agonist PPT had a similar effect, increasing apoptosis to 22+/-1.7% (p<0.01), but the beta-agonist DPN caused no change (3.6+/-0.5 vs. 3.9+/-0.8%). While estrogen and the alpha-estrogen agonist decrease apoptosis in this system, both of these compounds decreased the percentage of cells in G1 (from 59+/-1.4% for control to 34+/-2.3% for estrogen and 40+/-2.0% for PPT; p<0.01 for both agents relative to control); the beta-agonist again had no effect. Estrogen was also found to block the cell cycle in G2/M, increasing it from 15+/-0.4 to 21+/-1.0% of cells (p<0.01), but neither the alpha- nor beta-estrogen agonists had any effect at this point in the cell cycle, indicating that the influence of estrogen was not likely to be either alpha- or beta-receptor mediated. There was no apparent effect of any of these agents on DNA synthesis, as indicated by unchanged percentages of cells in S phase. These studies suggest that induction of apoptosis by estrogen in SW-13 human adrenal cortical carcinoma cultures is mediated by the alpha-receptor, but the G2/M blocking effect of estrogen is not likely to be related to either alpha or beta mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Adrenal Research Laboratory, V. A. Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perez-Stable
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists*; D011422:Propionates
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D009570:Nitriles; D010636:Phenols; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C486182:2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile; D011422:Propionates; C486184:4,4',4''-(4-propyl-((1)H)-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris-phenol