title: [Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction increases capillary permeability in rat skeletal muscles].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction on capillary permeability in rat skeletal muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely the Evans blue (EB) group, EB+ultrasound (E+U) group and EB+microbubble+ultrasound (U+E+M) group with corresponding treatments, using EB injected into the carotid artery as the indicator for capillary permeability. The microbubbles were injected through the carotid artery with fixed ultrasound parameters. The spillover of EB was estimated under fluorescence microscope according to the visual staining scores. The contents of EB in the skeletal muscles were calculated according to the standard curve and spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EB spillover was observed around the capillaries in E+U+M group, which had a significantly higher visual score than EB group and E+U group (0 and 0-1, respectively, P<0.05). The EB content was 51.57-/+3.89 microg/g in E+U+M group, also significantly higher than those in EB group (28.99-/+4.67 microg/g) and E+U group (30.99-/+4.11 microg/g) (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to both ultrasound and microbubble contrast agents results in increased capillary permeability of rat skeletal muscles, which might be an important mechanisms for gene delivery enhancement by ultrasound contrast agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. yilaoyilao@126.com
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: Jian-cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Xiu
authors.forename: Chang-lian
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiang-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jue-fei
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Yi-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D005070:Evans Blue