title: Influence of age on pharyngoesophageal spasm rates in laryngectomees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the incidence of pharyngoesophageal spasm and the results of its prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This a prospective longitudinal study including two groups of patients: a study group - 69 laryngectomees to undergo spasm prevention surgery, and a control group - 52 laryngectomees. The diagnostic methods used were: esophageal test, double contrast roentgenoscopy; surgical methods: neurectomy of pharyngeal plexus, myotomy of pharyngeal constrictors, no-muscle layer closure of the pharyngeal defect with myotomy of the esophageal entrance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pharyngoesophageal spasm in the control and study group was 34.62% and 14.5%, respectively. In the control group the spasm was significantly more common in patients older that 56 years. This correlation was not observed in the study group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A great number of laryngectomees, mainly elderly persons, suffer from voice limiting pharyngoesophageal spasm which correlates to poor rehabilitation results in elderly. Pharyngoesophageal spasm preventing procedures are more beneficial in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Dimitar D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Pazardzhikliev
authors.forename: Iliya P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Yovchev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015155:Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013035:Spasm / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control