title: Oral contraceptives and androgenicity: influences on visuospatial task performance in younger individuals.
abstract: The current study investigated whether the androgenic activity of oral contraceptives (OC) mediates performance on sexually dimorphic cognitive tasks in 155 younger individuals. Participants were categorized by hormonal contraceptive use (user vs. nonuser) and the androgenic activity of each OC (OC generation). OC generation was determined based on previous research in which users are grouped based on the type of progestin contained in each OC. Cognitive tasks included the mental rotation task (MRT) and a recognition memory task. In addition, we examined the correlates of both menstrual cycle phase and OC use, such as mood, premenstrual syndrome, depression, blood pressure, and body fat using standardized measures. The main result was that OC androgenicity influenced MRT performance. Second generation OCs are the most androgenic. Thus, MRT performance was best in these OC users as compared to third generation users, Yasmin users and nonusers. On the other hand, Yasmin, a newer generation of OC, contains an "antiandrogenic" progestin, dropirenone. Yasmin users not only performed more poorly on the MRT in comparison to second and third generation pill users, but they performed significantly worse than OC nonusers. Results show that the androgenic activity in OCs influences MRT performance in the presence of static estrogen levels. Overall, the resulting pattern is consistent with a broad range of results demonstrating that visuospatial performance may be enhanced in women who are exposed to androgenic treatments. Furthermore, visuospatial performance is hindered with the introduction of antiandrogenic preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA. wlwharto@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirshman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merritt
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Carey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gleason
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral