title: Factors affecting work ability in day and shift-working nurses.
abstract: Satisfactory work ability is sustained and promoted by good physical and mental health and by favorable working conditions. This study examined whether favorable and rewarding work-related factors increased the work ability among European nurses. The study sample was drawn from the Nurses' Early Exit Study and consisted of 7,516 nursing staff from seven European countries working in state-owned and private hospitals. In all, 10.8% were day, 4.2% were permanent night, 20.9% were shift without night shift, and 64.1% were shift workers with night shifts. Participants were administered a composite questionnaire at baseline (Time 0) and 1 yr later (Time 1). The Work Ability Index (WAI) at Time 1 was used as the outcome measure, while work schedule, sleep, rewards (esteem and career), satisfaction with pay, work involvement and motivation, and satisfaction with working hours at Time 0 were included as potential determinants of work ability. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted after adjusting for a number of confounders (i.e., country, age, sex, type of employment, family status, and other job opportunities in the same area). Work schedule was not related to Time 1 changes in WAI. Higher sleep quality and quantity and more favorable psychosocial factors significantly increased work ability levels. Higher sleep quality and quantity did not mediate the effect of work schedule on work ability. No relevant interaction effects on work ability were observed between work schedule and the other factors considered at Time 0. As a whole, sleep and satisfaction with working time were gradually reduced from day work to permanent night work. However, scores on work involvement, motivation, and satisfaction with pay and rewards were the highest in permanent night workers and the lowest in rotating shift workers that included night shifts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Milano, IRCCS Maggiore Hospital, Mangiagalli and Regina Elena Foundation, Milano, Italy. donatella.camerino@unimi.it
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camerino
authors.forename: Paul Maurice
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campanini
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Estryn-Béhar
authors.forename: Beatrice Isabella Johanna Maria
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: van der Heijden
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance