title: [Cost-effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy in Israel].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Besides its toll on human life, the steep rise in the rate of diabetes as the cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD), with the consequent increase in the need for renal replacement therapy has created a substantial economic burden on health care systems. Clinical trials have found angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) to be more beneficial than traditional antihypertensive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, in Israel, ARBs are not considered first-line therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cost-effectiveness of ARB treatment for diabetic nephropathy in the Israeli health care system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model was constructed wherein utility values were assigned to each consecutive health state of diabetic nephropathy. The transition probabilities from one state to another were derived from reported clinical trials. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated and sensitivity analysis was performed. For the economic evaluation, the researchers used data from the Israeli health system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with ARBs over a 3-year period yielded a higher QALY than conventional anti-hypertensive treatment (2.63 vs. 2.59) and a lower cost (NIS 36,678 vs. NIS 39,932). For a time horizon of 10 years, the cost difference increased to NIS 50,000, with a 20% reduction in the number of patients with ESRD. Sensitivity analysis revealed that these results were valid over a wide range of parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ARBs to delay ESRD appears to be cost-effective. We recommend that ARBs be considered in Israel as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hillel-Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel. noab@hy.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berar-Yanay
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leshno
authors.forename: Lorette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hertzeanu
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weintrob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers