title: A model-based time-reversal of left ventricular motion improves cardiac motion analysis using tagged MRI data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Myocardial motion is an important observable for the assessment of heart condition. Accurate estimates of ventricular (LV) wall motion are required for quantifying myocardial deformation and assessing local tissue function and viability. Harmonic Phase (HARP) analysis was developed for measuring regional LV motion using tagged magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI) data. With current computer-aided postprocessing tools including HARP analysis, large motions experienced by myocardial tissue are, however, often intractable to measure. This paper addresses this issue and provides a solution to make such measurements possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  To improve the estimation performance of large cardiac motions while analyzing tMRI data sets, we propose a two-step solution. The first step involves constructing a model to describe average systolic motion of the LV wall within a subject group. The second step involves time-reversal of the model applied as a spatial coordinate transformation to digitally relax the contracted LV wall in the experimental data of a single subject to the beginning of systole. Cardiac tMRI scans were performed on four healthy rats and used for developing the forward LV model. Algorithms were implemented for preprocessing the tMRI data, optimizing the model parameters and performing the HARP analysis. Slices from the midventricular level were then analyzed for all systolic phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time-reversal operation derived from the LV model accounted for the bulk portion of the myocardial motion, which was the average motion experienced within the overall subject population. In analyzing the individual tMRI data sets, removing this average with the time-reversal operation left small magnitude residual motion unique to the case. This remaining residual portion of the motion was estimated robustly using the HARP analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilizing a combination of the forward LV model and its time reversal improves the performance of motion estimation in evaluating the cardiac function.
authors.affiliation: Physics, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait. tareq1@ku.edu
authors.forename: Tareq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alrefae
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Smirnova
authors.forename: Larry T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilgen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016276:Ventricular Function