title: Association of lower urinary tract symptoms and chronic ischaemia of the lower urinary tract in elderly women and men: assessment using colour Doppler ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, using transrectal colour Doppler ultrasonography, (TRCDUS) whether perfusion of the bladder and prostate is reduced in elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), common in later life, as experimental data suggest that chronic ischaemia has a key role in the development of LUTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 32 elderly patients with LUTS (12 women, mean age 82.3 years, group 1; and 20 men, 79.4 years, group 2) perfusion of the bladder neck (in women) and of the bladder neck and prostate (in men) was measured using TRCDUS and the resistive index (RI) and colour pixel density (CPD) determined, assessed by a TRUS unit and special software. To assess the age-related effect two control groups of 10 young healthy women (mean age 42.3 years, group 3) and 10 age-matched healthy men (mean age 41.5 years, group 4) were also enrolled.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irrespective of gender, there was markedly lower bladder perfusion in elderly patients with LUTS than in the younger subjects. The mean (SD) RI of the bladder neck in group 1, of 0.88 (0.06), and group 2, of 0.80 (0.08), was higher than in control groups 3, of 0.62 (0.05), and group 4, of 0.64 (0.09). The results were similar for the CPD measurements. The frequency of daily and nightly micturition showed a strong negative correlation with perfusion in the urinary bladder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In elderly patients with LUTS there was decreased perfusion of the bladder neck and prostate when assessed using TRCDUS. Therefore, decreased perfusion in the urinary bladder might be responsible for the development of LUTS with advancing age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. Germar.Pinggera@uki.at
authors.forename: Germar-Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pinggera
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterberger
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallwein
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aigner
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strasser
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D053448:Prostatism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology