title: Overexpression of CD39/nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 decreases smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevents neointima formation after angioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing evidence implicates the involvement of extracellular nucleotides in the regulation of platelet, leukocyte, endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype and function. Within the quiescent vasculature, extracellular nucleotides are rapidly hydrolyzed by CD39, the dominant endothelial nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase-1). However, vascular CD39/NTPDase-1 activity is lost in EC activated by oxidative stress or proinflammatory mediators, and upon denudation of the endothelium following balloon injury. The consequent increase in extracellular nucleotide concentrations triggers signaling events leading to prothrombotic responses and increased VSMC proliferation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of overexpressed CD39/NTPDase-1 in injured aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer we expressed CD39/NTPDase-1 in mechanically denudated rat aortas. We measured intima formation by morphometry and VSMC proliferation by the [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Targeted expression of CD39 in injured vessels increased NTPDase activity (from 2.91 +/- 0.31 to 22.07 +/- 6.7 nmols Pi mg(-1) protein, 4 days after exposure to the adenovirus) and prevented the formation of neointima. The thickness of the intimal layer in injured aortas exposed to Ad-CD39 was 26.2 +/- 3.9 microm vs. 51.8 +/- 6.1 microm and 64.4 +/- 22.2 microm (P < 0.001) in vessels treated with Ad-beta-gal and saline, respectively. Moreover, targeted expression of CD39/NTPDase-1 caused a 70% (P < 0.01) decrease in proliferation of VSMC isolated from transduced rat aortas as compared with VSMC derived from control vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented data suggest that increasing CD39/NTPDase-1 activity in VSMC could represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of stenosis associated with angioplasty and other occlusive vascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Nutritional Biochemistry, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koziak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bojakowska
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bojakowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csizmadia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Religa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gaciong
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001081:Apyrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001081:Apyrase; C067869:CD39 antigen