title: Efficiency of adjuvant active specific immunization with Newcastle disease virus modified tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients following resection of liver metastases: results of a prospective randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metastatic disease is a major cause of mortality in colorectal cancer patients. Even after complete resection of isolated liver metastases, recurrence develops in the majority of patients. Therefore, development of strategies to prevent recurrent liver metastases is of major clinical importance. The present prospectively randomised phase III trial investigates the efficiency of active specific immunotherapy (ASI) after liver resection for hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologically confirmed liver metastases from colorectal cancer were randomised to the vaccination or control group. After complete resection of liver metastases, patients randomised to the vaccination group received six doses of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infected autologous tumour cell vaccine (ATV-NDV). The primary end-point was overall survival, secondary end-points were disease-free survival and metastases-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients were enrolled in the study with 50 patients available for analysis. The follow-up period was 116.1 +/- 23.8 month in the vaccination arm and 112.4 +/- 18.5 month in the control group. In the total patient group, no differences in the primary and secondary end-points were detected. Most interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed a significant advantage for vaccinated colon cancer patients with respect to overall survival [hazard ratio: 3.3; 95%, confidence interval (CI): 1.0-10.4; P = 0.042] and metastases-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.7; 95%, CI: 1.0-7.4; P = 0.047) in the intention-to-treat analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active specific immunotherapy in unselected colorectal cancer patients was not effective for prevention of recurrent metastatic disease. However, in colon cancer patients, ASI with ATV-NDV appears to be beneficial prolonging overall and metastases-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Robert-Rössle-Klinik Berlin, Charité, Campus Buch, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Chirurgie und Chirurgische Onkologie, Berlin, Germany. tobias.schulze@charite.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kemmner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: K-D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wernecke
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schirrmacher
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schlag
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019496:Cancer Vaccines