title: Temporal evolution of MR perfusion in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate the evolution of brain perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI-MRI) in severe neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy, and its possible relation to further neurodevelopmental outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two term neonates with HI encephalopathy underwent an early and a late MRI, including PWI. They were followed until eight months of age. A total of three "normal controls" were also included. Perfusion maps were obtained, and relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to normal neonates, a hyperperfusion (increased rCBF and rCBV) was present on early scans in the whole brain. On late scans, hyperperfusion persisted in cortical gray matter (normalization of rCBF and rCBV ratios in white matter and basal ganglia, but not in cortical gray matter). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was normalized, and extensive lesions became visible on T2-weighted images. Both patients displayed very abnormal outcome: Patient 2 with the more abnormal early and late hyperperfusion being the worst.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PWI in HI encephalopathy did not have the same temporal evolution as DWI, and remained abnormal for more than one week after injury. This could be a marker of an ongoing mechanism underlying severe neonatal HI encephalopathy. Evolution of PWI might help to predict further neurodevelopmental outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Pia.Wintermark@bluemail.ch
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wintermark
authors.forename: Adrien C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moessinger
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gudinchet
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meuli
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001810:Blood Volume; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA