title: Mitotic checkpoint gene MAD1 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with tumor recurrence after surgical resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Underlying mechanism of mitotic checkpoint gene mitosis arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied genetic change of the MAD1 gene as well as protein expression in 44 HCC and their associated non-cancerous surrounding liver tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype AG of MAD1 G-1849 A promoter was highly significant in microscopic vascular invasion than other genotypes (P = 0.006). Moreover, the mean tumor size of HCC with genotype AG (7.71 cm) was significantly larger than those of other genotypes (AA, 4.41 cm; GG, 4.59 cm; P = 0.033). After a median follow-up of 22 months, 18 (41%) of the 44 patients relapsed. Eleven (32.4%) of 34 with MAD1 protein expression and 7 (70%) of 10 with no expression of MAD1 protein showed tumor recurrence. The incidence of tumor recurrence in patients with the lost MAD1 expression was significantly higher than in those with the expressed MAD1 protein (P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that MAD1 promoter genotype may be involved in tumor progression. Moreover, the loss of MAD1 protein expression may be related to the tumor recurrence after surgical resection of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Ulsan, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Neung Hwa
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bo Ryung
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seok Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yang Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C501384:MAD1L1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins