title: A technique for the removal of ureteral catheters in infants and children using a urethral sound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a favorable experience with an original technique in which a urethral sound was used for the extraction of Double-J ureteral catheters in infants and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 children (8 females, 4 males) 6 months to 13 years old underwent extraction of a Double-J ureteral catheter under general inhalation anesthesia between March 2006 and August 2007. The catheters had been placed following pyeloplasty in 9 cases and following ureteral reimplantation in 3. Extraction was accomplished using an 8Fr, 10Fr or 12Fr urethral sound. The sound was rotated 180 degrees, thus engaging the "J" of the catheter and subsequently dragging the catheter until it emerged at the meatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was possible to extract the catheter with the sound on the first attempt in 9 cases, and on the third attempt in 3. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urethral sound may be used for easy extraction of Double-J ureteral catheters in children. The procedure may be accomplished rapidly and requires no endoscopic instruments. The technique could be of great benefit if endoscopic equipment is unavailable.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología Pediátrica, Instituto de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corrales
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meza
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quiche
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zorrilla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*