title: Effect of undegradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage.
abstract: We evaluated the effect of undegradable intake protein (UIP) on urea kinetics and microbial incorporation of urea-N in ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (n 4; 319 kg) provided ad libitum access to grass hay in a 4 x 4 Latin square. Casein was continuously infused abomasally in amounts of 0, 62, 124 and 186 mg N/kg body weight per d to simulate provision of UIP. Periods were 13 d long with 7 d for adaptation and 6 d for collection. Jugular infusion of [15N15N]urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of [15N15N]urea and [14N15N]urea was used to measure urea kinetics. Forage and N intake increased (quadratic, P<0.02) with increasing UIP. Urea synthesis was 27.1, 49.9, 82.2 and 85.8 g urea-N/d for 0, 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively (linear, P<0.01). The proportion of urea synthesis that entered the gastrointestinal tract was 0.96 for steers receiving no UIP and decreased linearly (P=0.05) to a low of 0.89 for steers receiving 186. The amount of urea entering the gastrointestinal tract was least for 0 (26.3) and increased (linear, P<0.01) to 48.7, 77.2 and 76.6 g urea-N/d for 62, 124 and 186 diets, respectively. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N increased quadratically (P=0.04) from 13.9 for 0 to 47.7 g N/d for 124. The proportion of microbial N derived from recycled urea increased (quadratic, P=0.05) from 0.31 to 0.58 between 0 and 124 and dropped to 0.44 for 186 mg N/kg body weight per d. UIP increased intake of hay and provided a N source for ruminal microbes via urea recycling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Tryon A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wickersham
authors.forename: Evan C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Titgemeyer
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Wickersham
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004063:Digestion; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen