title: Influencing the use of antibiotics in a Chinese pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention in antibiotics prescribing, and evaluate the use of antibiotics in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at the Beijing Children's Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our interventions included (1) educating the pediatricians on antibiotics prescribing, (2) applying an antimicrobial spectrum chart, and (3) controlling the prescription of specific antibiotics with the use of a guideline. Nine hundred clinical records, including clinical information and antibiotic usage data, were selected retrospectatively from the PICU admissions during the pre- and post-intervention periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this 5-year survey, the mean rate of antibiotic prescribing was greater than 95% in the PICU. More than 76% of the prescriptions were started empirically. The most frequently used antibiotics were third-generation cephalosporins. After the intervention, we found a reduction in the rate of antibiotic cost/patient/day (P < 0.05); a decrease in the prescription rate of third-generation cephalosporins and macrolides (P < 0.01); an increase in the prescription rate of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and second-generation cephalosporins (P < 0.01); a reduction in the empiric treatment (P < 0.01); and a significant reduction in the incidence rates of bacterial resistance for imipenem-, cefepime-, and ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05), and cefepime-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our interventions led to a significant reduction of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing associated with the significant reduction in bacterial resistance in the PICU. The implementation of the antibiotics guideline appeared to be effective.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 South Lishi Road, Beijing 100045, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jinghai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shaozhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Sangjie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kaihu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xuzhuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016527:Drug Costs; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents