title: Stat3 promotes metastatic progression of prostate cancer.
abstract: There are currently no effective therapies for metastatic prostate cancer because the molecular mechanisms that underlie the metastatic spread of primary prostate cancer are unclear. Transcription factor Stat3 is constitutively active in malignant prostate epithelium, and its activation is associated with high histological grade and advanced cancer stage. In this work, we hypothesized that Stat3 stimulates metastatic progression of prostate cancer. We show that Stat3 is active in 77% of lymph node and 67% of bone metastases of clinical human prostate cancers. Importantly, adenoviral gene delivery of wild-type Stat3 (AdWTStat3) to DU145 human prostate cancer cells increased the number of lung metastases by 33-fold in an experimental metastasis assay compared with controls. Using various methods to inhibit Stat3, we demonstrated that Stat3 promotes human prostate cancer cell migration. Stat3 induced the formation of lamellipodia in both DU145 and PC-3 cells, further supporting the concept that Stat3 promotes a migratory phenotype of human prostate cancer cells. Moreover, Stat3 caused the rearrangement of cytoplasmic actin stress fibers and microtubules in both DU145 and PC-3 cells. Finally, inhibition of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase decreased both activation of Stat3 and prostate cancer cell motility. Collectively, these data indicate that transcription factor Stat3 is involved in metastatic behavior of human prostate cancer cells and may provide a therapeutic target to prevent metastatic spread of primary prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdulghani
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ayush
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dagvadorj
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leiby
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonuccelli
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lisanti
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zellweger
authors.forename: Kalle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mirtti
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Visakorpi
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bubendorf
authors.forename: Marja T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nevalainen
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D006801:Humans; D053614:Janus Kinase 2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000473:pathology; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C507924:JAK2 protein, human; D053614:Janus Kinase 2; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins