title: Carotid artery stenting for calcified lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to assess the feasibility of carotid artery stent placement (CAS) for calcified lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using embolic protection devices (EPDs), we performed 51 CAS procedures in 43 patients with severe carotid artery stenosis accompanied by plaque calcification. Before intervention, all lesions were subjected to multidetector-row CT. The arc of the circumferential plaque calcification was measured on axial source images at the site of maximal luminal stenosis, and the total volume of the plaque calcification was determined. The angiographic outcome immediately after CAS, and intra- and postoperative complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean arc of calcification was 201.1 +/- 72.3 degrees (range, 76-352 degrees ), and the mean of the total calcification volume was 154.9 +/- 35.4 mm(3) (range, 92-2680 mm(3)). Balloon rupture occurred in 1 procedure (2.0%) at predilation angioplasty; all 51 CAS procedures were successful without clinical adverse effects. Although there was a correlation between the arc of plaque calcification and residual stenosis (r = 0.6, P < .001), excellent dilation with residual stenosis < or =30% was achieved in all lesions. There was no correlation between the total volume of calcification and residual stenosis. None of the patients developed stroke or death within 30 days of the CAS procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAS by using EPDs to treat lesions with plaque calcification is feasible even in patients with near-total circumferential plaque calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onizuka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iko
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Etou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kazekawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome