title: [Distribution of polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in Singapore Chinese and its association with diabetic nephropathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of intron 4 polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene in mainland Chinese and Singapore Chinese and its association with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood samples were collected from 237 diabetes patients with the diabetic duration longer than 10 years, 87 mainland Chinese who visited the Qilu Hospital, Shandong province, and diabetic duration and blood sugar control-matched 150 Singapore Chinese who visited the Singapore National University Hospital. DNA extraction, PCR, cloning, and sequencing were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 27 bp repeat polymorphism in intron 4 was tri allelic (a, b, and c alleles) in the Singapore Chinese while biallelic (a and b alleles) in the mainland Chinese. A third allele-allele c, with six 27 bp repeats was found. Significant difference was identified in the a allele distribution between the mainland and the Singapore Chinese (P < 0.001), but the intron 4 polymorphism didn't show any association with DN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intron 4 polymorphism is tri allelic, and the a allele distribution is not significantly associated with DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Jian-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jia-jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Kok Onn
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-chen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lir
authors.forename: Shzu-wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III