title: The number of axillary nodes removed as a predictor of regional recurrence in node negative breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the number of axillary nodes removed is a predictor of recurrence in node negative breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred thirty-six patients with T1-T2, N0 invasive breast cancer, treated with lumpectomy and axillary node dissection (AND), were reviewed from January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1992. Patients received radiation to whole breast only, without regional nodal radiation. There was no adjuvant chemotherapy or Tamoxifen given. Patients were grouped according to the number of axillary nodes dissected as follows: 1-5 nodes (91 patients), 6-10 nodes (225 patients) and > 10 nodes (220 patients). Hazard ratios and p-values were determined for time to local recurrence, regional recurrence and for disease specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 11.2 years. The overall local recurrence and regional recurrence rates for the three groups were: 1-5 nodes, 9.9% and 8.8%, respectively, 6-10 nodes, 10.2% and 2.2%, respectively, and > 10 nodes, 11.8% and 2.7%, respectively. The effect of number of axillary nodes removed was statistically significant only for regional recurrence (p = 0.017). There was no adverse effect on disease specific survival (p = 0.363).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of axillary nodes removed predicts only for regional recurrence in node negative breast cancer patients, with less than 6 nodes removed associated with higher regional recurrence. This may have clinical implications with the current practice of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) replacing axillary node dissection in early stage breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ont., Canada. olga.vujovic@lhsc.on.ca
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vujovic
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: A Rashid
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate