Measurement of total water and bound water contents in human stratum corneum by in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
The reliability of in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to specifically measure the water content of rehydrated human stratum corneum samples was assessed by comparison with the previously validated thermal desorption-mass spectrometry technique. The interest of proton NMR is that it can determine, in the same sample, both the amount of total water by recording the spectra at ambient temperature, and that of bound water (non-freezing water) by recording the spectra below 0 degrees C. Provided that enough samples of stratum corneum are analysed to average out the observed and well-known sample-to-sample variation, proton NMR may be of value in the evaluation of hygroscopic properties of raw materials for moisturizer formulations.
Gilard
V
V
Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
Martino
R
R
Malet-Martino
M
M
Riviere
M
M
Gournay
A
A
Navarro
R
R