title: Prevalence of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus increased in the mid-1990 s: an 18-year longitudinal study based on anti-endomysial antibodies.
abstract: Between 1987 and 2004, 331 consecutive children, all newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus in our pediatric clinic, underwent repeated serological screening for celiac disease (CD) by means of anti-endomysial antibodies, measured prospectively between 1994 and 2004, and retrospectively, using frozen banked serum, between 1987 and 1993. There were 22 cases (6.6%) of biopsy-proven CD among the 331 diabetic children. The prevalence of CD was significantly (P = 0.015) higher after 1994 (10.6%) than before 1994 (3.3%). The rapid change in the risk of CD among Italian diabetic children that occurred in the mid-1990 s could be related to changes in environmental factors, namely, eating habits and viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy. silvana.salardi@unibo.it
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salardi
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Volta
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maltoni
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cicognani
mesh_terms: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000032:analysis; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012698:Serologic Tests
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D001323:Autoantibodies