title: Overview of double dosimetry procedures for the determination of the effective dose to the interventional radiology staff.
abstract: In interventional radiology, for an accurate determination of effective dose to the staff, measurements with two dosemeters have been recommended, one located above and one under the protective apron. Such 'double dosimetry' practices and the algorithms used for the determination of effective dose were reviewed in this study by circulating a questionnaire and by an extensive literature search. The results indicated that regulations for double dosimetry almost do not exist and there is no firm consensus on the most suitable calculation algorithms. The calculation of effective dose is mainly based on the single dosemeter measurements, in which either personal dose equivalent, directly, (dosemeter below the apron) or a fraction of personal dose equivalent (dosemeter above the apron) is taken as an assessment of effective dose. The most recent studies suggest that there might not be just one double dosimetry algorithm that would be optimum for all interventional radiology procedures. Further investigations in several critical configurations of interventional radiology procedures are needed to assess the suitability of the proposed algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), PO Box 14, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland. hannu.jarvinen@stuk.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Järvinen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buls
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Clerinx
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miljanić
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikodemová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranogajec-Komor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: d'Errico
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging