title: Intrapulmonary and intravenous administrations of dihydroergotamine mesylate have similar cardiovascular effects in the conscious dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of intrapulmonary artery (i.p.a.) administration of dihydroergotamine mesylate (DHE) were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conscious beagle dogs (n=4) were given DHE via the i.p.a. or i.v. route as two 0.014 mg kg(-1) doses and a 0.14 mg kg(-1) dose given 60 min apart. A recovery period of > or =45 h occurred before crossover to the alternative route. Physiological parameters were monitored by telemetry or direct measurement, and venous blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No meaningful differences between i.v. and i.p.a. treatments were observed for heart rate, systemic pressures and vascular pressures. Aortic resistance increased 8, 27 and 70%, respectively, following three doses of i.v. DHE compared with 11, 37 and 57%, respectively, with i.p.a. DHE. Carotid artery resistance increased 22, 40 and 87%, respectively, following three doses of i.v. DHE, compared with 17, 45 and 67%, respectively, following i.p.a. DHE. Increases in coronary artery resistance were of similar magnitude following i.v. and i.p.a. DHE administration. Increases in left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures were seen following all doses of i.v. and i.p.a. DHE. Changes following DHE 0.014 mg kg(-1) were minimal and not clinically significant. With DHE 0.14 mg kg(-1) by either route, emesis was the most common adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHE has comparable effects delivered via simulated deep inhalation (i.p.a.) or i.v. administration. The risk of cardiovascular complications is unlikely to be greater following inhalation of DHE.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Development, MAP Pharmaceuticals Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. sshrewsbury@adamaspharma.com
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shrewsbury
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stonerook
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Okikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004087:Dihydroergotamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004087:Dihydroergotamine