title: Biochemical markers for monitoring response to therapy: evidence for higher bone specificity by a novel marker compared with routine markers.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare a novel marker for high bone turnover with two routine markers for screening in prostate cancer patients. The markers were evaluated in two studies: (a) a cross-sectional study of 170 prostate cancer patients with local disease stratified by +/-lymph node metastases (N 0, N1) compared with controls and (b) a longitudinal study of 40 hormone refractory prostate cancer patients stratified by skeletal involvement and followed during docetaxel (+/-BM) and zoledronate (+BM) treatment. Presence or absence of bone metastases (BM) was assessed by imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging or X-ray) and technetium-99m scintigraphy. The serum or urinary levels of alpha C-telopeptide of collagen type I (alphaalphaCTX), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and total alkaline phosphatase (tALP) were assessed. PSA was elevated in both N 0 and N1 patients compared with controls, whereas alphaalphaCTX was elevated only in N1 patients. tALP exhibited no difference in any of the groups. In the treatment study, PSA decreased with treatment in both the -BM and +BM groups compared with baseline values, showing similar effect of docetaxel or docetaxel/zoledronate treatment on this marker. On the contrary, alphaalphaCTX and tALP did not decrease with docetaxel treatment in the -BM group compared with baseline, whereas it decreased significantly with docetaxel/zoledronate treatment in the +BM group, already after 1 month of treatment for alphaalphaCTX. Results suggest that alphaalphaCTX is superior to PSA and tALP for identifying patients having a high risk of metastatic disease and for monitoring skeletal progression in +BM prostate cancer patients during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Bioscience Diagnosis A/S, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. djl@nordicbioscience.com
authors.forename: Diana Julie
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leeming
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hegele
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Byrjalsen
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: Morten Asser
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karsdal
authors.forename: Andres Jan
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000556:secondary* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D024042:Collagen Type I; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen