title: Improved patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease: optimizing vitamin D therapy.
abstract: Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an early complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D deficiency and reduced synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) early in the progression of CKD leads to abnormal mineral metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency leads to increased parathyroid hormone and remodeling of bone that releases calcium and phosphorus, resulting in vascular calcification. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Millennium CME Institute, Inc, Hampton, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gesek
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Desmond
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015984:Causality; D000069449:Cinacalcet; D018450:Disease Progression; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; C042533:1 alpha-hydroxyergocalciferol; D002117:Calcitriol; D000069449:Cinacalcet