title: Daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes in relation to serum hormones and sex hormone binding globulin, and urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood and urine concentrations of hormones are implicated in the etiology of some cancers. Small studies have assessed relationships between production of the daidzein metabolites equol and O-desmethylangolensin (ODMA) and hormones, but findings are unclear. We evaluated relationships between daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes and follicular phase concentrations of estrogens, androgens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and urinary estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred women collected a first-void urine sample after a 3-day soy challenge, and 191 and 193 provided fasting blood and spot urine samples, respectively, during days 5-9 of their menstrual cycle. Soy challenge urines were analyzed for isoflavones; serum was analyzed for estrogens, androgens, and SHBG; spot urines were analyzed for 2-hydroxyestrone and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone. Data were log-transformed and multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess relationships between daidzein-metabolizing phenotypes and hormones and SHBG. Data from 187 and 189 women were included in analyses of serum and urine hormones, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  55 (27.5%) and 182 (91%) of the 200 women who provided a soy challenge urine sample were equol- and ODMA-producers (>87.5 ng/ml urine), respectively. In unadjusted analyses, equol-producers (n = 52) had lower free testosterone than equol non-producers (n = 137, p = 0.02). In adjusted analyses, there were no differences between producers and non-producers of either daidzein metabolite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of a soy intervention, we found no difference in serum or urine hormone concentrations between producers and non-producers of equol or ODMA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.forename: Kim C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Westerlind
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060754:Equol; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D016014:Linear Models; D010641:Phenotype; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: C007610:4',7-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydroisoflavone; D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D007529:Isoflavones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D060754:Equol; C004742:daidzein; C050052:O-desmethylangolensin