title: Rapid maxillary expansion causes neuronal activation in brain structures of rats.
abstract: A correlation between pain sensation and neuronal c-fos expression has been analyzed following experimental rapid maxillar expansion (RME). Adult male Wistar rats were anaesthetized and divided into three groups: animals that received an orthodontic apparatus, which was immediately removed after the insertion (control), animals that received an inactivated orthodontic apparatus (without force), and animals that received an orthodontic apparatus previously activated (140 g force). After 6, 24, 48, or 72 h, the animals were re-anaesthetized, and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The brains were removed, fixed, and sections containing brain structures related to nociception were processed for Fos protein immunohistochemistry (IHC). The insertion of the orthodontic apparatus with 140 g was able to cause RME that could be seen by radiography. The IHC results showed that the number of activated neurons in the different nuclei changed according to the duration of appliance insertion and followed a temporal pattern similar to that of sensations described in clinics. The animals that received the orthodontic apparatus without force did not show RME but a smaller c-fos expression in the same brain structures. In conclusion, we demonstrate that orthodontic force used for palate disjunction activates brain structures that are related to nociception, and that this activation is related to the pain sensation described during orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia, Estomatologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joviliano
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Stabile
authors.forename: C R A
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leite-Panissi
authors.forename: M J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000293:injuries / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014279:Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos