title: Airway epithelium-derived transforming growth factor-beta is a regulator of fibroblast proliferation in both fibrotic and normal subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the healthy lung, airway epithelial cells (AEC) regulate fibroblast proliferation through release of soluble factors, such as prostaglandins and proteins. Fibroproliferative diseases and airway remodelling may result from an inadequate generation of suppressive factors by AEC or the inability of fibroblasts to respond to them appropriately.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to study the effect of primary human AEC on the proliferation of fibroblasts obtained from healthy and fibrotic lungs in an interactive cell culture model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conditioned medium (CM) from 14 out of 16 AEC lines significantly inhibited proliferation of normal human lung fibroblasts by 51.2+/-6.0%. The proliferation of fibroblasts derived from patients with lung fibrosis was equally inhibited by CM of AEC. The inhibitory effect of AEC-CM was completely reversed when fibroblasts were pre-incubated with 2.5 microm indomethacin. Furthermore, primary human AEC, but not fibroblasts, secrete TGF-beta, and the inhibitory effect of the AEC-CM was blocked by neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that AEC actively inhibit the proliferation of both normal and fibrotic fibroblasts via TGF-beta, which induces the prostaglandin E(2) synthesis in fibroblasts. The data indicate that proliferative lung diseases may be treated using the epithelial cell as the target of medication.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Cell Research, Department of Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. hostettlerk@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hostettler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gencay
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gambazzi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borger
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta