title: Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase C zeta mediate retinoic acid induction of DARPP-32 in medium size spiny neurons in vitro.
abstract: Mature striatal medium size spiny neurons express the dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 32 kDa (DARPP-32), but little is known about the mechanisms regulating its levels, or the specification of fully differentiated neuronal subtypes. Cell extrinsic molecules that increase DARPP-32 mRNA and/or protein levels include retinoic acid (RA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and estrogen (E(2)). We now demonstrate that RA regulates DARPP-32 mRNA and protein in primary striatal neuronal cultures. Furthermore, DARPP-32 induction by RA in vitro requires phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase, but is independent of tropomyosin-related kinase B, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and protein kinase B. Using pharmacologic inhibitors of various isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC), we also demonstrate that DARPP-32 induction by RA in vitro is dependent on PKC zeta (PKCzeta). Thus, the signal transduction pathways mediated by RA are very different than those mediating DARPP-32 induction by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These data support the presence of multiple signal transduction pathways mediating expression of DARPP-32 in vitro, including a novel, important pathway via which phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase regulates the contribution of PKCzeta.
authors.affiliation: Farber Institute for Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedrini
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bogush
authors.forename: Michelle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D051937:Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one