title: Heterologous Acidothermus cellulolyticus 1,4-beta-endoglucanase E1 produced within the corn biomass converts corn stover into glucose.
abstract: Commercial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars requires inexpensive bulk production of biologically active cellulase enzymes, which might be achieved through direct production of these enzymes within the biomass crops. Transgenic corn plants containing the catalytic domain of Acidothermus cellulolyticus E1 endo-1,4-beta glucanase and the bar bialaphos resistance coding sequences were generated after Biolistic (BioRad Hercules, CA) bombardment of immature embryo-derived cells. E1 sequences were regulated under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and tobacco mosaic virus translational enhancer, and E1 protein was targeted to the apoplast using the signal peptide of tobacco pathogenesis-related protein to achieve accumulation of this enzyme. The integration, expression, and segregation of E1 and bar transgenes were demonstrated, respectively, through Southern and Western blotting, and progeny analyses. Accumulation of up to 1.13% of transgenic plant total soluble proteins was detected as biologically active E1 by enzymatic activity assay. The corn-produced heterologous E1 could successfully convert ammonia fiber explosion-pretreated corn stover polysaccharides into glucose as a fermentable sugar for ethanol production, confirming that the E1 enzyme is produced in its active form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Callista
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ransom
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: Gadab
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crockett
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sticklen
mesh_terms: D000192:Actinomycetales / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005947:Glucose