title: Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone: imaging, surgical, and histopathologic correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rare diseases must be diagnosed with great caution, so we present this case to familiarize clinicians with the presentation and treatment of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone, a rare disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report and review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report one case of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone which presented with upper midline neck mass. In addition, we review the literature published in English regarding chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone is a rare disease of which only 14 cases have been reported until now. Patients with this disease have no sexual or racial preponderance, and most presented with a mass in the upper neck which has splotchy calcification in radiologic imaging without enhancement. The preferred treatment is wide excision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because chondrosarcoma have indolent growth, are locally noninvasive, and appear encapsulated during operation, they may be mistaken for a benign mass and conservatively resected. On the other hand, incomplete tumor resection may lead to recurrence, which is associated with increased risk of dedifferentiation and histologic grading of tumor. Surgeons should approach this surgery with caution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahwaz Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saki
authors.forename: Soheila Nik
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Akhlagh
authors.forename: Neptone Emad
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Mostofi
authors.forename: Khashayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed