title: Significance of acanthosis nigricans in childhood obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is among the most common dermatologic manifestations of obesity and hyperinsulinism. In this study, we aimed to find the clinical and laboratory differences in obese children with AN and without AN (non-AN).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 160 obese children were included in the study. The duration of obesity, body mass index (BMI), BMI z-scores, birth weight, parental BMI, lipid profile, fasting and post-meal (PM) glucose and insulin levels were compared in 67 obese with AN and 93 obese without AN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age was similar in both groups. AN group had higher male to female ratio (42/25 in AN, 43/50 in non-AN; P = 0.03), higher BMI (30.3 +/- 6.1 in AN, 26.4 +/- 3.6 in non-AN; P < 0.001) and weight for height (162.6 +/- 28.8 in AN, 144.6 +/- 15.8 in non-AN; P < 0.001) than non-AN group. There were no significant differences between the groups in birth weight, parental BMI and blood pressure. AN group had higher fasting (19.9 +/- 16.2 mU/L in AN, 10.4 +/- 7.6 mU/L in non-AN; P < 0.001) and PM insulin (88.6 +/- 87.3 mU/L in AN, 51.1 +/- 42.0 mU/L in non-AN; P = 0.01) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (4.0 +/- 2.5 in AN, 2.2 +/- 1.8 in non-AN; P < 0.001) than non-AN group. However, fasting and PM glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-, high-density lipoprotein- and total cholesterol levels were similar in both groups. BMI was correlated with HOMA-IR in both groups (r = 0.40 for AN, r = 0.28 for non-AN). PM glucose and PM insulin were correlated in both groups (r = 0.56 for AN, r = 0.39 for non-AN). However, fasting glucose and fasting insulin were correlated in only non-AN (r = 0.25), but not in AN group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obese children with AN show higher insulin levels and HOMA-IR. AN is an important predictor of the insulin resistance in childhood obesity. Insulin secretory dynamics seem to be disrupted in fasting state initially, which is reflected as the loss of fasting insulin-glucose correlation in AN group.
authors.affiliation: Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey. tulayguran@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tulay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guran
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Teoman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akcay
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bereket
mesh_terms: D000052:Acanthosis Nigricans / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids