title: In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities of a Brazilian green propolis extract.
abstract: The in vitro antileishmanial activity of Brazilian green propolis hydroalcoholic extract (BPE) were carried out on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis against both promastigote (doses ranging from 1 to 750 microg mL(-1)) and amastigote (10, 100, and 250 microg mL(-1)) assays in comparison with the positive (amphotericin B) and negative (dimethyl sulfoxide at 1% in physiologic solution) control groups. BPE displayed in vitro antileishmanial activities against promastigote forms of the parasite (p < 0.05). However, it was inactive against its amastigote ones. In the in vitro cytotoxicity assay against Vero cells, BPE showed no cytotoxicity in the maximum doses tested. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the identification of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, aromadendrine-4'-methyl-ether, 3-prenyl-p-coumaric acid (drupanin), and 3,5-diprenil-p-cumárico acid (artepillin C) as major compounds of BPE. In the in vivo assay, using a Balb/C lineage of Mus musculus male mice, groups of ten animals each were treated (1.5 mg kg day(-1)) with BPE orally (group 1), BPE topically (group 2), BPE orally and topically (group 3), and glucantime (group 4), using NaCl 0.9% (group 5) as the negative control group. Groups 1, 2, and 3 displayed a decrease on lesion development, after 90 days of treatment, by 78.6%, 84.3%, and 90.0%, respectively, while the glucantime-treated group showed 57.7% of decrease, all in comparison with the negative control group. It is the first time that the in vivo antileishmanial activity has been reported for Brazilian green propolis.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pontin
authors.forename: Ademar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Da Silva Filho
authors.forename: Fransérgio Francisco
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Márcio Luís Andrade E
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Wilson Roberto
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: N P Dhammika
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nanayakkara
authors.forename: Jairo Kenupp
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000187:drug effects*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D011429:Propolis; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide