title: Prospective clinical comparisons of anatomic double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures in 328 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several trials have been conducted to compare the clinical results between anatomic double-bundle and single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction procedures. In these studies, however, the number of patients was insufficient to compare the clinical results of the 2 procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The anatomic double-bundle procedure may be significantly better concerning the anterior laxity and the pivot-shift test than the single-bundle procedure, while there may be no significant differences in the other clinical evaluations and the intra-operative and postoperative complications between the 2 procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and twenty-eight patients with unilateral ACL reconstruction using hamstring autografts were divided into 2 groups. The first 157 consecutive patients underwent single-bundle reconstruction and the remaining 171 patients underwent anatomic double-bundle reconstruction. Concerning all background factors, there were no statistical differences between the 2 groups. Each patient was examined 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No serious complications were experienced in either group. The anterior laxity was significantly less in the double-bundle reconstruction (mean, 1.2 mm) than in the single-bundle reconstruction (mean, 2.5 mm). In the pivot-shift test, the double bundle (+ indication, 16%; ++, 3%) was significantly better than the single bundle (+ result, 37%; ++, 12%). The mean Lysholm score averaged 96.5 points and 97.3 points in single-bundle and double-bundle reconstructions, respectively, while the International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation showed that 90 and 110 patients, respectively, were evaluated as rank A (no significant difference between groups). There were no significant differences in the other clinical evaluations and the complications between the 2 procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postoperative anterior and rotational stability after the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction was significantly better than that after the single-bundle reconstruction, although there were no significant differences between the 2 procedures concerning the complications and the clinical evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Reconstruction Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function