title: The lateral infraureteral parametrium: myth or reality?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to describe the surgical anatomy of infraureteral parametrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Findings of laparoscopic dissections during 12 type III radical hysterectomies were compared with findings obtained by bilateral pelvic dissections of 5 fresh and 5 embalmed female cadavers and to magnetic resonance imaging of 10 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two anatomical entities of the parametrium were distinguished: (1) the lateral mesometrium corresponding to the blade containing vessels and lymph nodes of the uterus; and (2) the infraureteral parametrium extending dorsally from cervix and vagina. The lateral paracervix classically described under the ureter was never identified. Infraureteral parametrium appeared as a fibrous tissue extending in a lateral, dorsal, and caudal direction on both sides of the rectum and very close to the pelvic plexus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results attest to the absence of infraureteral parametrium, raising the issue of the surgical relevance of radical hysterectomy classification and the redefinition of the concept of radical hysterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Hôpital de Poissy, Poissy, France.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Touboul
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fauconnier
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zareski
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouhanna
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daraï
mesh_terms: D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply