title: The comparison of VEGFR-1-binding domain of VEGF-A with modelled VEGF-C sheds light on receptor specificity.
abstract: Receptor specificity determines the role of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), which either induce angiogenesis via VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors or lymphangiogenesis via the VEGFR-3 receptor. Among the VEGFs, VEGF-A and VEGF-B predominantly induce angiogenesis while VEGF-C and VEGF-D induce lymphangiogenesis. The answer for the question of why VEGF-C and VEGF-D are not able to bind VEGFR-1 and behave as angiogenic growth factors may hide behind the details of the tertiary structures of these proteins. In the present study, the tertiary structure of human VEGF-C protein was modelled and the model was compared with the known human VEGF-A tertiary structure. In overall, the modelled structure highly resembled the structure of VEGF-A. The respective key residues that are involved in cysteine-knot motif formation in VEGF-A are similarly located and identically oriented in VEGF-C, indicating the presence of a VEGF-A-like homodimer. However, a VEGF-C homodimer created via monomer docking did not superimpose well with the VEGF-A homodimer. Rigid docking models of VEGF-C with the VEGFR-1 receptor revealed that in the VEGF-C-VEGFR-1 complex, the receptor-protein-interacting residues were not correctly oriented to induce angiogenesis via VEGFR-1. Mapping the electrostatic surface potentials to the protein surfaces revealed noteworthy number of dissimilarities between VEGF-A and VEGF-C, indicating that overall both proteins differ in their folding properties and stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey. mkasap@vt.edu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sazci
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055672:Static Electricity; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1