title: Histone deacetylase inhibitors: the anticancer, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activities of AN-7 are superior to those of the clinically tested AN-9 (Pivanex).
abstract: Histone deacetylase inhibitory prodrugs that are metabolized to butyric acid and formaldehyde possess antineoplastic properties and low toxicity. We sought to characterize the antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities of two lead prodrugs, pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-9) and butyroyloxymethyl-diethyl phosphate (AN-7) in murine cancer models. In the sc implanted human colon carcinoma HT-29 xenograft model AN-7, exhibited superior anticancer activity compared to AN-9, as was evident by the significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of serum CEA. AN-7 was also more effective in reducing mean vessel density (MVD) by 7-fold, bFGF, Ki-67 (7-fold) and HIF-1alpha in immunohistochemically stained tumor sections. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the levels of bFGF, HDAC1 and HIF-1alpha by Western blot analysis showed a decrease in expression only in the tumors of mice treated with AN-7. The level of bFGF was reduced 3-fold in the tumor and that of TIMP1 was elevated (by 3-fold) in the serum of AN-7 treated mice. In a 4T1 metastatic breast carcinoma model, AN-7 inhibited the formation of lung lesions by 76% and AN-9 by 47%, further demonstrating the greater efficacy of AN-7 compared to AN-9 (P<0.02). Both AN-7 and AN-9 exhibited antimetastatic and antiangiogenic activities by reducing vascularization, bFGF expression and HIF-1alpha. Yet, AN-7 was more potent than AN-9.
authors.affiliation: Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: Nataly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarasenko
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nudelman
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tarasenko
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Entin-Meer
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hass-Kogan
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inbal
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rephaeli
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000032:analysis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002087:Butyrates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C502471:diethoxyphosphoryloxymethyl butanoate; C070441:pivalyloxymethyl butyrate; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase