title: Subretinal hemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration: psychological and vision-related functional perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess psychological, visual and functional aspects associated with subretinal hemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, comparative, longitudinal study, 90 eyes of 90 patients with a subretinal hemorrhage, secondary to AMD, of at least 1 disk diameter were treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) and gas, and compared to 25 eyes of 25 controls. Outcome measures were: (1) visual acuity, (2) self-reported vision-related quality of life (Visual Function 14-item questionnaire) and (3)Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scores. Visual acuity and questionnaire responses were recorded prior to as well as 2 weeks and 4 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements across objective visual acuity and vision-related functional measures, assessed at 2 weeks and 4 months, were significantly higher in patients who had rTPA and gas injections than in controls (p < 0.01). Patients were significantly more distressed at their 2-week follow-up in comparison to controls (HAD scores p < 0.01). Comparisons to controls showed no significant difference in psychological scores at the 4-month follow-up (p > 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with subretinal hemorrhages secondary to AMD are psychologically distressed as a result of acute loss of vision. More attention should be given to strategies that teach patients to cope with acute vision loss and thereby psychological disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Maneli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mozaffarieh
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sacu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benesch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wedrich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator