title: How broadcast volume and emotional content affect youth recall of anti-tobacco advertising.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Televised anti-tobacco advertising has been shown to be effective for discouraging smoking initiation; however, purchasing broadcasting time is very costly. This study investigated the relative impact of the broadcast volume (media weight) and the emotional content of an ad as predictors of advertising recall.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data come from a random-digit-dialed survey conducted in 2001 and 2002 of 3863 youth aged 12-17. Media weight was based on commercial TV ratings data. The emotional intensity of advertisements was derived from the ratings made by independent youth judges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analyses were conducted between 2005 and 2007. Results indicated that media weight was a significant predictor of recall, but the emotional content of the ad was an even stronger predictor. Also, ads low in emotional intensity required more media weight than those high in emotional intensity to achieve the same amount of increase in recall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study extends prior research that highlights the importance of emotional intensity for effective anti-tobacco advertising. It also indicates that, relative to unemotional advertisements, emotionally arousing advertisements require fewer broadcasts to achieve the same level of recall, and hence are likely to be less costly to a public health campaign.
authors.affiliation: Center for Survey Research University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA. lois.Biener@umb.edu
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Biener
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shiner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013690:Television