title: Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits breast cancer invasion via suppressing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the antitumor effects of the invasiveness and migration of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in human breast carcinoma cells. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzyme activity and gene expression at both protein and mRNA levels were examined in human breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), and the addition of the MMP-9 inhibitor, SB3CT, significantly suppressed TPA-induced invasion and migration according to the in vitro Transwell assay. Elevation of HO-1 gene expression by ferric protoporphyrin IX inhibited TPA-induced invasion of MCF-7 cells, which was blocked by adding the heme oxygenase inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX, or transfection of cells with HO-1 short hairpin RNA. MCF-7 cells overexpressing HO-1 (MCF-7/HO-1) were established in the present study, and TPA-induced MMP-9 gene expression, tumor invasion, and colony formation were significantly reduced in MCF-7/HO-1 cells, compared with those in Neo-transfected cells. Activation of protein kinase Calpha/extracellular signal-regulated kinases/AP-1 with stimulation of reactive oxygen species production was involved in TPA-induced invasion of MCF-7 cells, which was attenuated by HO-1 protein induced by ferric protoporphyrin IX or transfection of HO-1 expression vectors. Additionally, the addition of carbon monoxide, but not ferric ions, biliverdin, or bilirubin, inhibited TPA-induced invasion through suppressing MMP-9, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and AP-1 activation stimulated by TPA. The beneficial role of HO-1 in blocking tumor invasion was first identified in this study.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shing-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Liang-Yo
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yen-Chou
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate