title: Is the freshwater gammarid, Dikerogammarus villosus, a suitable sentinel species for the implementation of histochemical biomarkers?
abstract: In order to enlarge the range of potential sentinel species for the implementation of a multiple biomarker approach, spatial and monthly morphological variations of four cellular compartments and contents were assessed during two years in the hepatopancreatic caeca of the freshwater gammarid, Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea, Amphipoda), using histochemistry coupled to image analysis. Among the three study sites, the second one, located in a reservoir receiving the overheated and copper-contaminated waters of a nuclear power plant, was the most anthropised. During this passive biomonitoring survey, unsaturated neutral lipids were more abundant, the surface densities of the lysosomal and peroxisomal systems were, respectively less and more important, and lipofuscin granules tended to accumulate in the amphipods from the second site compared to both others. Nonetheless, in this context, the present cellular biomarker suite, analysed through an integrative approach, was not powerful enough to highlight spatial heterogeneity significantly. This may partly result from particularities in the patterns of metal accumulation and copper physiological requirements of amphipods (haemocyanin synthesis). Nevertheless, we think that the use of this Ponto-Caspian non-indigenous species in biomonitoring surveys deserves further investigation, owing to its current position in freshwater and brackish European ecosystems, considering both biomass and functioning. Cellular responses could be studied in parallel with endpoints at other levels of the biological organization to compose a more powerful biomarker suite. Furthermore, comparing biological responses to environmental stress in this invasive species and less competitive autochthonous gammarids could be of great interest.
authors.affiliation: Université Paul Verlaine Metz, Laboratoire Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), CNRS UMR 7146, Campus Bridoux, Metz, France.
authors.forename: Edwige
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guerlet
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ledy
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giambérini
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000378:metabolism; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008062:Lipofuscin; D003300:Copper