title: Estradiol 17-beta and progesterone modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and high mobility group box 1 expression in human endometrium.
abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of ovarian sex steroid hormones on the expression and the release of several locally active substances by human endometrium. Specific objectives are (1) to ascertain if estradiol 17-beta (E2) and progesterone modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide release; (2) to determine whether human endometrium can express High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a multifunctional cytokine, and whether sexual steroid hormones can modulate this expression; and (3) to evaluate whether nitric oxide can influence HMGB1 expression in this tissue. Endometrial tissue was obtained from 40 healthy premenopausal women who underwent hysteroscopy for suspected benign gynecological conditions. Endometrium was incubated with E2, progesterone, or sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor. Nitrite assay was used to quantify stable nitric oxide metabolites in culture medium, and Western blot analysis was used to detect iNOS and HMGB1. Incubation of endometrium with E2 results in an increase in iNOS expression and nitric oxide metabolite production. The opposite effect is obtained by incubating tissues with progesterone. HMGB1 is expressed by human endometrium, and its expression is increased by E2 and decreased by progesterone. Incubation with sodium nitroprusside results in a reduction in HMGB1 expression. Both E2 and progesterone modulate iNOS expression and nitric oxide production in human endometrium. HMGB1 is expressed in the human endometrium, and its expression is modulated by E2, progesterone, and nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zicari
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centonze
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Realacci
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buchetti
authors.forename: Adalgisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietropolli
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ticconi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008875:Middle Aged; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009573:Nitrites; D009599:Nitroprusside; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II