title: Galectin-1 upregulates glucose transporter-1 expression level via protein kinase C, phosphoinositol-3 kinase, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Although galectin-1 is expressed in various stem cells, our understanding of the functional roles of galectin-1 in embryonic stem (ES) cells is still fragmentary and incomplete. Thus, this study investigated the effect of galectin-1 on the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake and its related signal cascades. Galectin-1 significantly increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake time- and dose-dependently. In addition, galectin-1-induced 2-deoxyglucose uptake was inhibited by glucose transporter-1 siRNA. Moreover, galectin-1 increased glucose transporter-1 mRNA and protein expression levels, which were inhibited by a disruption in transcription by actinomycin D and translation by the cycloheximide. Subsequently, the galectin-1-induced 2-deoxyglucose uptake was attenuated by these inhibitors. In investigation of signal transduction involved in this process, galectin-1 increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the protein kinase C activation, which induced extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 phosphorylation. On the other hand, phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt activated by galectin-1 was not involved in extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 pathway. Moreover, mammalian target of rapamycin signal pathway was stimulated in response to galectin-1. Finally, galectin-1-induced increase of glucose transporter-1 expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake were inhibited by blocking of Ca2+/protein kinase C/extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2, phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. In conclusion, galectin-1 upregulates glucose uptake through Ca2+/protein kinase C/extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2, phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in mouse ES cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biotherapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D008301:Maleimides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002118:Calcium; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D037483:Galectin 1; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C499527:Eif4ebp1 protein, mouse; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide