title: Does routine transcranial duplex ultrasound heat up the patient brain?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of transcranial duplex ultrasound (US) on the intraventricular temperature in patients was analyzed. Temperature increases during examination have been identified as a potential risk factor but only data from model studies is currently available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had an intracranial pressure/temperature transducer implanted and underwent US assessment were included. In an examination series (B-mode, combined B- and color mode, combined B- and color mode plus Doppler, 3 min for each mode), the intracranial thermodilution thermistor was focused while intraventricular temperature and body temperature (bladder catheter or rectal probe) were recorded continuously and temperature changes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one US examinations were performed in 14 patients. Twenty-six examinations in 9 patients in which the intracranial temperature probe was depicted were included. Initial patient temperatures ranged from 35.1dgC to 38.7dgC. No significant increase or decrease in intracranial temperature was seen after the first (B-mode), second (B- and color mode) and third (B- and color mode plus Doppler) duplex US examination. T-test for paired samples showed a constant temperature throughout US examination (two-sided significance: 1.000, 1.000, 0.731).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine transcranial duplex ultrasound does not increase the intracranial temperature in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin. hans-georg.schlosser@charite.de
authors.forename: H-G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Schlosser
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doepp
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods