title: Comparison of a new mineral based hemostatic agent to a commercially available granular zeolite agent for hemostasis in a swine model of lethal extremity arterial hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gaining hemostatic control of vascular injuries sustained in combat using topical agents remains a challenge. We previously developed a new hemostatic agent consisting of a granular combination of a smectite mineral and a superabsorbent polymer (WoundStattrade mark; WS) which demonstrated the ability to stop high pressure bleeding. We have since modified WS to contain only the smectite mineral and compared the performance of WS to QuikClot'strade mark zeolite granules (QCG) in a lethal vascular injury model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen (seven per group) anesthetized swine (35-44kg) had a lethal femoral artery injury produced by creating a 6mm arteriotomy in the vessel. After 45s of hemorrhage, animals were randomized to be treated with either WS or QCG for 3min. A second application was provided if hemostasis failed. Fluid resuscitation was begun at the time of application to achieve a mean arterial blood pressure of 65mmHg. Animals were observed for 120min or until death. Primary endpoints were survival, survival time, post-treatment blood loss, and resuscitation fluid volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WS resulted in 100% survival to 120min. No animal in the QCG group survived (p=0.0005). Survival times for WS animals were significantly greater compared to QCG (p=0.0001). Post-treatment blood loss (p=0.0043) and post-resuscitation fluid volume (p=0.0043) was significantly less for animals treated with WS compared to QCG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WS consisting of just the smectite mineral was superior to QCG tested in this model. Additional study is warranted to determine its potential for use in combat and civilian trauma.
authors.affiliation: North American Science Associates, 6750 Wales Road Northwood, OH 43619, United States. jcarraway@namsa.com
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carraway
authors.forename: Darin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000293:injuries; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D017641:Zeolites