title: Enforced mouth breathing decreases lung function in mild asthmatics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nasal breathing provides a protective influence against exercise-induced asthma. We hypothesized that enforced oral breathing in resting mild asthmatic subjects may lead to a reduction in lung function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asymptomatic resting mild asthmatic volunteers (n = 8) were instructed to breathe either nasally only (N; tape over lips) or orally only (O; nose clip) for 1 h each, on separate days. Lung function (% predicted FEV(1)) was measured using standard spirometry at baseline and every 10 min for 1 h. 'Difficulty in breathing' was rated using a Borg scale at the conclusion of the N and O periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline FEV(1) on the N (101.2 +/- 3.8% predicted) and O (102.7 +/- 3.9% predicted) days was not significantly different (P > 0.3). At 60 min, FEV(1) on the O day (96.5 +/- 4.1% predicted) was significantly less than on the N day (101.0 +/- 3.5% predicted; P < 0.009). On the N day, FEV(1) did not change with time (P > 0.3), whereas on the O day, FEV(1) fell progressively (slope = -0.06 +/- 0.01% FEV(1)/min, P < 0.0001; linear mixed effects modelling). Three subjects experienced coughing/wheezing at the end of the O day but none experienced symptoms at the end of the N day. Subjects perceived more 'difficulty breathing in' at the end of the O day (1.5 +/- 0.4 arbitrary units) than on the N day (0.4 +/- 0.3 arbitrary unit; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enforced oral breathing causes a decrease in lung function in mild asthmatic subjects at rest, initiating asthma symptoms in some. Oral breathing may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute asthma exacerbations.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. mervat@swiftdsl.com.au
authors.forename: Mervat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallani
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wheatley
authors.forename: Terence C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Amis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology; D012119:Respiration; D013147:Spirometry