Electrical manipulation of supported lipid membranes by embedded electrodes.
Alkanethiol modified gold electrodes patterned over a silica surface provided a dual hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface suitable for phospholipid monolayer and bilayer formation over the alkylated gold and glass surfaces, respectively. The phospholipid monolayer and bilayer were connected, allowing free diffusion of lipids within both leaflets of the glass-supported bilayer over the alkanethiol/gold-to-glass interface. Application of large alternating current fields to these electrodes irreversibly switched the gold electrodes to diffusion barriers. Enclosure of the electrode devices within protein barriers revealed a resting state surface potential driven reorganization of the charged fluorescent probes. Application of lower magnitude direct current fields resulted in electrophoretic redistribution of the membrane probes and electro-osmotic reorganization of membrane associated proteins.
Jackson
Bryan L
BL
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nye
Jeffrey A
JA
Groves
Jay T
JT
D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D004058:Diffusion; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004867:Equipment Design; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008566:Membranes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009995:Osmosis; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008055:Lipids; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006046:Gold; D000535:Aluminum