title: [Impact of all-trans retinoic acid on gene expression profile of glioblastoma cell line SHG-44].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Astrocytoma has the trend of malignant progression. Differentiation-inducing therapy can induce tumor differentiation and make tumor cells become less malignant or even normal. This study was to investigate the impact of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the gene expression profile of glioblastoma cell line SHG-44, and to provide basic data for further research on gene therapy for human astrocytoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  After treatment of 10 micromol/L ATRA, total RNA was extracted from SHG-44 cells for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and cDNA product was marked with fluorochromes Cy3 and Cy5. The gene expression profiles of SHG-44 cells before and after treatment of ATRA were detected by chip hybridization to identify differentially expressed genes. Some differentially expressed genes were selected randomly for Northern blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two differentially expressed genes were found by cDNA microarray: 28 were up-regulated and 14 were down-regulated in ATRA-treated SHG-44 cells as compared with those in untreated SHG-44 cells. These genes were functionally classified into several groups as follow: apoptosis, cell mobility and metastasis, cell cycle and growth regulation, cytoskeleton, differentiation, metabolic pathway, oncogene, oxidative phosphorylation, receptors and signal transduction, ribosome, ubiquitin-proteasome system, growth factor and cytokine, and so on.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ATRA can result in the changes of gene expression profiles in SHG-44 cells. These differentially expressed genes may mediate the mechanism of ATRA-induced differentiation of SHG-44 cells, and regulate tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yang-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014212:Tretinoin; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C085488:RPL13 protein, human