title: Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving.
abstract: Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods. We and others identified an analogous phenomenon in rats that was termed 'incubation of cocaine craving': time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine-seeking over the first months after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine. Cocaine-seeking requires the activation of glutamate projections that excite receptors for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus accumbens. Here we show that the number of synaptic AMPA receptors in the accumbens is increased after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration by the addition of new AMPA receptors lacking glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Furthermore, we show that these new receptors mediate the incubation of cocaine craving. Our results indicate that GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors could be a new target for drug development for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We propose that after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine, increased numbers of synaptic AMPA receptors combined with the higher conductance of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors causes increased reactivity of accumbens neurons to cocaine-related cues, leading to an intensification of drug craving and relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: Kuei Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Uejima
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reimers
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Yavin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shaham
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.forename: Marina E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003463:Cues; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C104723:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 3; C104722:glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2