title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in Japan during PROTEKT years 1-5 (1999-2004).
abstract: Susceptibility to a range of antimicrobial agents was determined among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae collected in 12 centers throughout Japan during years 1-5 (the respiratory seasons of 1999-2004) of the longitudinal Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin study. The most frequent source of isolates of S. pneumoniae was from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (25.3%). Reduced susceptibility to penicillin or erythromycin resistance was common among S. pneumoniae isolates (30.9-44.5% and 77.2-81.9%, respectively). The macrolide MIC(50) for S. pneumoniae was >or=128 microg/ml (azithromycin and erythromycin) and >or=64 microg/ml (clarithromycin). The erm(B) genotype accounted for the most erythromycin-resistant isolates in each study year. H. influenzae isolates were most commonly derived from patients with CAP (26.2%). The proportion of H. influenzae isolates that were beta-lactamase positive ranged between 4.3% and 9.7%. The prevalence of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates increased from 0.4% to 2.6% between years 1 and 4 then to 19.7% in year 5. S. pyogenes isolates were highly susceptible to most antimicrobial agents except macrolides and tetracycline. Telithromycin was highly active against all three pathogens examined throughout the study.
authors.affiliation: Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. matsu@kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Matsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akizawa
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Igari
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kiyoharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asari
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakata
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itaha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D048628:Ketolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048628:Ketolides; C106791:telithromycin