title: Effect of experimentally induced hypoglycemia and different insulin levels on feelings of hunger in type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates the impacts of experimentally induced hypoglycemia and different insulin infusion rates on feelings of hunger.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood glucose and insulin levels were manipulated by hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. Participants were 16 patients with type 1 diabetes (age 36.2+/-11.7 yrs, diabetes duration 9.0+/-6.3 yrs, HbA1c 8.2+/-2.0%). One group (n=8) received moderate, constant insulin infusion (0.8 microU/kg/min), whereas the insulin infusion was doubled in the other group (1.6 microU/kg/min). Blood glucose was lowered stepwise from euglycemia (5.6 mmol/l) to moderate hypoglycemia (2.5 mmol/l).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, there was a significant effect of hypoglycemia on feelings of hunger (F (3, 42)=41.7, p<0.01). But during high insulin infusion, feelings of hunger were significantly less intense than during moderate insulin infusion (F (1, 14)=7.2, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral insulin levels seem to be associated with the intensity of feelings of hunger.
authors.affiliation: Research institute of the Diabetes Academy Mergentheim, Germany. Hermanns@diabetes-zentrum.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermanns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plate
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bretzel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin