title: Influence of subtilisin on the adhesion of a marine bacterium which produces mainly proteins as extracellular polymers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nature of exopolymers involved in the adhesion of a marine biofilm-forming bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 was investigated to evaluate and understand the antifouling potential of subtilisin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The exopolymers of D41 produced by fermentation were analysed by FTIR and SDS-PAGE showing the presence of polysaccharides, glycoproteins and proteins. A high content of proteins was detected both in soluble and capsular fractions. The microscopic observations of fluorescamine and calcofluor stained adhered D41 indicated mainly the presence of proteins in exopolymers produced during adhesion. Subtilisin, the broad spectrum protease, tested in natural sea water and in polystyrene microplates showed that antifouling activity was higher in the prevention of bacterial adhesion than in the detachment of adhered D41 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these results demonstrate the involvement of proteins in Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 adhesion and confirm the high antifouling potential of subtilisin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes the major role of proteins instead of polysaccharides, thus extending our knowledge regarding the nature of extracellular polymers involved in bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the high antifouling potential of subtilisin evaluated in the very first stages of fouling, bacterial adhesion, could lead to less toxic compounds than organometallic compounds in antifouling paint.
authors.affiliation: IFREMER, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Molécules Marines, Nantes, France. chantal.compere@ifremer.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delbarre
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghillebaert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Compere
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Combes
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms; D006868:Hydrolysis; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater; D020860:Subtilisin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; D020860:Subtilisin