title: Types of errors by referees and perception of injustice by soccer players: a preliminary study.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of referees' errors on players' perceived injustice in soccer. The conditions investigated were Referee Decision, with three types: Correctly Called a foul vs Wrongly Called a foul vs Did not Call a foul and Repetition of the Situation, with two types: Isolated vs Repeated. Male soccer players at regional and departmental levels of practice (N = 95, M(age) = 23.2, SD = 5.1) were asked to rank six hypothetical situations according to the perceived injustice. Analysis indicated significant effects of Referee Decisions and Repetition of the Situation on the perception of injustice, but showed no differences between the types of error. However, age and years of soccer experience were associated with perception of injustice when the referee correctly called a foul.
authors.affiliation: Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canovas
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reynes
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrand
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pantaléon
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003657:Decision Making; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D012916:Soccer / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012935:Social Justice; D012938:Social Perception