title: The hidden treasure in apical papilla: the potential role in pulp/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering.
abstract: Some clinical case reports have shown that immature permanent teeth with periradicular periodontitis or abscess can undergo apexogenesis after conservative endodontic treatment. A call for a paradigm shift and new protocol for the clinical management of these cases has been brought to attention. Concomitantly, a new population of mesenchymal stem cells residing in the apical papilla of permanent immature teeth recently has been discovered and was termed stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP). These stem cells appear to be the source of odontoblasts that are responsible for the formation of root dentin. Conservation of these stem cells when treating immature teeth may allow continuous formation of the root to completion. This article reviews current findings on the isolation and characterization of these stem cells. The potential role of these stem cells in the following respects will be discussed: (1) their contribution in continued root maturation in endodontically treated immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis or abscess and (2) their potential utilization for pulp/dentin regeneration and bioroot engineering.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College of Dental Surgery, Dental School, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. ghuang@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: George T-J
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sonoyama
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Songlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003771:Dental Papilla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000254:growth & development; D003810:Dentinogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development