title: Positional cloning of a Bombyx wingless locus flugellos (fl) reveals a crucial role for fringe that is specific for wing morphogenesis.
abstract: Mutations at the flügellos (fl) locus in Bombyx mori produce wingless pupae and moths because of the repressed response of wing discs to ecdysteroid. Four recessive fl alleles occurred spontaneously and were mapped at 13.0 of the silkworm genetic linkage group 10. By positional cloning, we confirmed that the gene responsible for fl is fringe (fng) encoding Fng glycosyltransferase, which is involved in regulating the Notch signaling pathway. In four different fl alleles, we detected a large deletion of the fng gene in fl(k) and nonsense mutations in fl, fl(o), and fl(n). In the wild-type (WT) silkworm, fng is expressed actively in the wing discs, brain, and reproductive organs from the fourth to final instars but barely in the other tissues tested. In situ hybridization showed that fng mRNA is expressed in the dorsal layer of the WT wing discs. The wingless (wg) mRNA, a downstream marker of Fng-mediated Notch signaling, is localized at the dorsoventral boundary in the WT wing discs but repressed markedly in the fl wing discs. Although null mutants of Drosophila fng result in postembryonic lethality, loss of fng function in Bombyx affects only wing morphogenesis, suggesting different essential roles for fng in tissue differentiation among insects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bioscience Building 501, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomoko Matsuoka
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Futahashi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kazuei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Banno
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D012831:Bombyx / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019476:Insect Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger