title: Methods of functional outcomes assessment following treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer: review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to review and document the differing methods of functional outcome measurements following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified using the MEDLINE database search engine. The "Methods" sections of relevant articles were then reviewed, and functional outcomes assessment methods were tabulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 60 articles published in the last 7 years (2000-2007) that reported on functional outcomes following treatment for oral or oropharyngeal cancer. Twenty-three studies used quality of life questionnaires and 12 used clinical observations to describe function. Swallowing was assessed objectively in 29 studies, with videofluoroscopic swallowing studies as the primary method of assessment. Speech was assessed in only 10 articles, with perceptual analysis used as the primary assessment modality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preserving good speech and swallowing function following treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer remains an extremely important aspect of cancer care. Nevertheless, there is a clear lack of uniform methods for assessing functional outcomes. We propose that functional outcome studies should include both objective and subjective assessments of swallowing and speech to gain sufficient information on posttreatment function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
authors.forename: Alex M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mlynarek
authors.forename: Jana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Khalid H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Al-Qahtani
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seikaly
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome