title: Three genes control the timing, the site and the size of blastema formation in Drosophila.
abstract: Regeneration is a vital process to maintain and repair tissues. Despite the importance of regeneration, the genes responsible for regenerative growth remain largely unknown. In Drosophila, imaginal disc regeneration can be induced either by fragmentation and in vivo culture or in situ by ubiquitous expression of wingless (wg/wnt1). Imaginal discs, like appendages in lower vertebrates, initiate regeneration by wound healing and proliferation at the wound site, forming a regeneration blastema. Most blastema cells maintain their disc-specific identity during regeneration; a few cells however, exhibit stem-cell like properties and switch to a different fate, in a phenomenon known as transdetermination. We identified three genes, regeneration (rgn), augmenter of liver regeneration (alr) and Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (Mmp1) expressed specifically in blastema cells during disc regeneration. Mutations in these genes affect both fragmentation- and wg-induced regeneration by either delaying, reducing or positioning the regeneration blastema. In addition to the modifications of blastema homeostasis, mutations in the three genes alter the rate of regeneration-induced transdetermination. We propose that these genes function in regenerative proliferation, growth and regulate cellular plasticity.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 1550 4th Street, Rock Hall, Mail Code 2822, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. kimberly.mcclure@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sustar
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schubiger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; C529789:Rgn protein, Drosophila