title: Acculturation is associated with the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and akathisia in community-treated patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethnicity is a risk factor for tardive dyskinesia (TD) and other antipsychotic drug-induced movement disorders (ADIMD). It is unclear whether this association is mediated through genetic, environmental or cultural factors individually or in combination. This pilot study aimed to explore this interaction by determining if acculturation in migrant groups contributed to the prevalence of ADIMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Culturally diverse but relatively genetically homogeneous (white Caucasian) patients with schizophrenia (n = 40) treated at a single site were assessed for the presence of ADIMD and level of acculturation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher levels of acculturation correlated with an increased prevalence of TD and akathisia but not Parkinsonism. The level of acculturation significantly predicted TD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identifies for the first time that acculturation significantly contributes to the prevalence of TD and akathisia but not Parkinsonism in culturally diverse migrant populations and must be accounted for when explaining ethnic variation in rates of ADIMD.
authors.affiliation: Northern Psychiatry Research Centre and Northern Area Mental Health Service, Melbourne, Australia. ssundram@mhri.edu.au
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundram
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piskulic
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents