title: Cardioinhibitory actions of clonidine assessed by cardiac vagal motoneuron recordings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac vagal activity is now considered as an important therapeutic target. However, there is a lack of direct data on how cardiac vagal motoneurons respond to parasympathomimetic agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were anesthetized with urethane and mechanically ventilated. Single-unit activity was recorded in the nucleus ambiguus from cardiac vagal motoneurons, identified by antidromic activation from the cardiac vagal branch and their barosensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nitroprusside lowered systolic blood pressure, increased heart rate and inhibited cardiac vagal motoneuron activity (n = 5 cells in five rats). Clonidine 1-100 microg kg(-1) intravenously, however, lowered systolic blood pressure, but it increased cardiac vagal motoneuron activity (n = 8 cells in eight rats). It also enhanced their barosensitivity. An unsuspected further finding was that clonidine significantly increased the occurrence of cardiac vagal motoneuron firing spikes separated by short (< 30 ms) interspike intervals ('doublet').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such grouped patterns are known to enhance neurotransmitter release. Therefore, these data provide a new mechanism by which clonidine can further potentiate parasympathetic actions on the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, CNRS UMR5123-University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toader
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cividjian
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rentero
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McAllen
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quintin
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D003000:Clonidine