title: Association of variants in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variants in the fat-mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes via an effect on adiposity/obesity. Given the important role of obesity in the aetiology of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus, our aim was to establish whether FTO variants are also implicated in PCOS susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a genetic association study of FTO variant rs9939609 using case-control analyses, conducted in 463 PCOS patients (geometric mean BMI 27.5 kg/m(2)) and 1,336 female controls (geometric mean BMI 25.3 kg/m(2)) of UK British/Irish origin. We also sought evidence for associations between FTO variation and circulating testosterone levels in 324 UK PCOS patients and 1,000 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1966. Outcome measures included FTO rs9939609 genotype frequencies by participant group and androgen measures (testosterone, free androgen index) by genotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant association between FTO genotype and PCOS status in the UK case-control analysis, which was attenuated by adjustment for BMI (Cochran-Armitage test, odds ratio [per minor allele copy] 1.30 [95% CI 1.12, 1.51], p = 7.2 x 10(-4) [unadjusted], p = 2.9 x 10(-3) [adjusted]). This association was most evident in obese PCOS patients (PCOS patients below median BMI vs UK controls, p = 0.11; above median BMI vs controls, p = 2.9 x 10(-4)). No relationship between FTO genotype and androgen levels was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide the first evidence that variants that predispose to common obesity also result in altered susceptibility to PCOS, confirming the mechanistic link between these conditions. The predominant effect of FTO variants on PCOS susceptibility is probably mediated through adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK. tom.barber@drl.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sovio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martikainen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouta
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freathy
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ouwehand
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: J A H
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wass
authors.forename: M-R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D000071516:Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO; C526492:FTO protein, human