title: Influence of race and socioeconomic status on sleep: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the independent and interactive effects of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on objective indices and self-reports of sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sleep of 187 adults (41% black; mean age = 59.5 +/- 7.2 years) was examined. Nine nights of actigraphy and two nights of inhome polysomnography (PSG) were used to assess average sleep duration, continuity, and architecture; self-report was used to assess sleep quality. Psychosocial factors, health behaviors, and environmental factors were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blacks had shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency, as measured by actigraphy and PSG, and they spent less time proportionately in Stage 3-4 sleep, compared with others (p < .01). Lower SES was associated with longer actigraphy-measured latency, more wake after sleep onset as measured by PSG, and poorer sleep quality on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blacks and perhaps individuals in lower SES groups may be at risk for sleep disturbances and associated health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mezick
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Martica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Strollo
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kamarck
authors.forename: Jane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012894:Sleep Stages; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*