title: The metabolic syndrome increases cardiovascular mortality in Taiwanese elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is high among the elderly. However, evidence that mortality increases with MetS is rare. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MetS, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all cause mortality in the elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total 10 547 participants, aged 65 years and older, of baseline cohort were recruited from four nationwide Health Screening Centres in Taiwan from 1998 to 1999. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the America Heart Association/National Heart Lung Blood Institute definition. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) of CVD and all cause mortality for those with MetS for up to 8 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline prevalence of MetS was 50.1% (45.6% in men and 54.4% in women, respectively). A total of 1312 participants died; of these, 300 participants died from CVD. Adjusted for age, gender, smoking, total cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the RRs for CVD and all cause mortality among participants with MetS were 1.48 (95% confidence interval = 1.16-1.90) and 1.16 (1.03-1.30), respectively, for participants compared to those without MetS. The mean RRs for CVD, however, ranged from 1.21 to 5.31 among different combinations of MetS components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elderly with MetS, compared to those without MetS, had a higher CVD and all cause mortality in Taiwan. Furthermore, different combinations of MetS components posed different risks to the mortality, which deserves further research in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors