title: Dependence-induced alcohol drinking by alcohol-preferring (P) rats and outbred Wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic intermittent alcohol vapor exposure and selective breeding procedures have been used separately for many years to model specific aspects of alcohol dependence. The purpose of the present investigation was to combine these 2 approaches by exposing alcohol-preferring (P) rats to chronic intermittent alcohol vapor for extended periods of time and then testing them for operant alcohol responding in parallel with a group of outbred Wistar rats at multiple time points following the termination of vapor exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  P rats (n = 20) and Wistar rats (n = 18) were trained to respond for 10% (w/v) ethanol in an operant situation, then divided into groups matched for intake levels. Animals were then exposed to chronic intermittent alcohol vapor (14 hours ON/10 hours OFF) or air for 8 weeks. Rats were then tested for operant alcohol responding under various conditions and at multiple time points during alcohol withdrawal (6 hours) and protracted abstinence (1 to 15 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic alcohol vapor exposure produced similar increases in operant alcohol responding in P rats and Wistar rats during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results illustrate the separate and combined effects of genetic selection for high alcohol preference and dependence on alcohol drinking behavior. Furthermore, these results confirm past findings that dependent rats consume more alcohol than nondependent controls well into abstinence following extended periods of alcohol vapor exposure.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. nickg@scripps.edu
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Gilpin
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lumeng
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Koob
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012646:Self Administration; D013695:Temperance
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol