title: Use of biodegradable urethane-based adhesives to appose meniscal defect edges in an ovine model: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biological response to two urethane-based adhesives used to repair full thickness meniscal wounds created in the partially vascularised (red-white) zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ovine bilateral meniscal defect model was used to evaluate the initial biological response of the meniscal cartilage and synovium over a 1-month period. A 10-mm full-thickness defect was created in the medial meniscus of each femorotibial joint. The defects were either left untreated or repaired using the urethane-based adhesives. Synovial fluid, synovial membrane and the meniscal cartilages were retrieved at necropsy for cytological and histological assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ovine model proved to be a suitable system for examining meniscal repair. Untreated defects showed no tissue apposition or cellular healing response, whereas all eight defects repaired with the two urethane-based adhesive formulations showed signs of repair and tissue regeneration with indications of cell infiltration and new collagen deposition in and around the polymer. No adverse cellular response to the adhesives was observed in the meniscal defect or in the synovial membrane and fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trauma to the knee commonly results in tears to the meniscal cartilage, with the majority of these occurring in the partially vascularised (red-white) or non-vascularised (white) zones of the meniscus. Repair, and subsequent healing, of these tears is poor because of the reduced vascularity and limited surgical access. The present data indicate that an ovine model is a suitable system for examining meniscal repair, and that development of urethane-based adhesives offers a strategy that may be clinically effective for the treatment of these injuries.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Flinders University of South Australia, South Australia 5041, Australia.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunatillake
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: J A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Werkmeister
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012756:Sheep; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014520:Urethane; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D014520:Urethane