title: Clinical consequences of generic substitution of lamotrigine for patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the proportions of patients switching from generic to branded drugs among users of antiepileptic drugs (AED) compared to other therapeutic areas and to investigate medical services utilization associated with generic switching of lamotrigine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical and pharmacy claims data from Régie de l'Assurance Maladie du Québec database from April 1998 to July 2006 were used. Patients with an epilepsy diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases-9 345) and treated with lamotrigine for >60 of the 90 days before the entry date of generic lamotrigine in Quebec (February 1, 2003) were selected. The proportion of patients switching back to brand were calculated for lamotrigine, for other AEDs (clobazam, carbamazepine CR, gabapentin) and for non-AED chronic medications (carvedilol, fosinopril, simvastatin). Medical resource utilization was compared between periods of branded vs generic use of lamotrigine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 671 patients treated with branded lamotrigine, 187 patients (27.9%) switched to a generic, and 51 of these patients (27.5%) switched back to the branded medication. Rates of switchback were from 20.8% to 44.1% for various AEDs and from 7.7% to 9.1% for non-AEDs. Relative to the branded lamotrigine use period, generic lamotrigine use period was associated with a 5.1% increase in mean daily dose of lamotrigine (239.1 vs 251.4 mg; p = 0.0149), a higher number of dispensations for other AEDs (20.4 vs 23.9 dispensations per person-year; p < 0.001) as well as non-AED drugs (26.4 vs 32.8 dispensations per person-year; p < 0.0001), a higher utilization rate of medical services (8.7 vs 9.8 visits per person-year; p < 0.0001), and a longer hospital length of stay (3.29 days vs 4.86 days per person-year; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A higher propensity to switch back to branded medications was observed among antiepileptic drug users compared to users of antihypertensives and antihyperlipidemics, similar to findings from Andermann et al. Switch to generic lamotrigine was significantly associated with increased physician visits and hospitalizations.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: LeLorier
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sheehy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010604:Pharmacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine