title: Influence of exogenous melatonin administration on Salmonella enteritidis colonization in molted layers.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of melatonin on Salmonella Enteritidis infection in experimentally challenged laying hens subjected to a forced molt. Leghorn hens (>50 wk of age) were randomly assigned to rooms, acclimated to a 16L:8D regimen, and provided ad libitum access to a nonmedicated mash layer diet and water. Birds in one room were molted (8L:16D; complete feed withdrawal), whereas birds in the second room served as nonmolted controls (CONT). Within each room, birds were randomly assigned to melatonin treatment (MEL; 12 birds/treatment), dosed orally commencing the same day as feed withdrawal for 10 d: (experiment I: 0 or 5 mg of melatonin; experiment II: 0, 10, or 20 mg of melatonin). Three days following feed withdrawal, all birds were experimentally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, and after 10 d of feed withdrawal, all birds were killed and necropsied. In experiment I, concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in the cecal contents and the number of Salmonella Enteritidis-positive tissues from the crop, ceca, liver, spleen, and ovary were higher (P < 0.0001) in the MOLT compared with the CONT treatments. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed in any of the parameters examined due to MEL treatment. For experiment II, cecal concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis were generally higher in the MOLT compared with the CONT treatment and within molted birds, cecal concentrations were higher in the MEL treatment (P < 0.05). Melatonin treatment in molted birds increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of positive crops in the MOLT+20 MEL treatment (P < 0.05). Salmonella-positive cecal tissue was increased (P < 0.001) in MOLT compared with CONT birds and was also higher in MOLT+10 MEL and MOLT+20 MEL birds compared with the MOLT-only treatment. Results from the current research suggest that dosage with high levels of melatonin may exacerbate Salmonella Enteritidis infection in layers subjected to forced molt.
authors.affiliation: Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA. d-nisbet@ffsru.tamu.edu
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Edrington
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: McReynolds
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Callaway
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byrd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D003426:Crop, Avian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018978:Molting / Q000187:drug effects*; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D008550:Melatonin