title: The use of cytogenetic tools for studies in the crop-to-wild gene transfer scenario.
abstract: Interspecific hybridization in plants is an important evolutionary phenomenon involved in the dynamics of speciation that receives increasing interest in the context of possible gene escapes from transgenic crop varieties. Crops are able to cross-pollinate with a number of wild related species and exchange chromosome segments through homoeologous recombination. In this paper, we review a set of cytogenetic techniques that are appropriate to document the different steps required for the stable introgression of a chromosome segment from a donor species (i.e., the crop) into a recipient species (i.e., the wild). Several examples in hybrids and derivatives are given to illustrate how these approaches may be used to evaluate the potential for gene transfer between crops and wild relatives. Different techniques, from classical chromosome staining methods to recent developments in molecular cytogenetics, can be used to differentiate genomes and identify the chromosome regions eventually involved in genetic exchanges. Some clues are also given for the study of fertility restoration in the interspecific hybrid forms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain. e.benavente@upm.es
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benavente
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cifuentes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Dusautoir
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D051456:Gene Flow; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D059828:Plant Cells; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic