title: Three-dimensional adult echocardiography: where the hidden dimension helps.
abstract: The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) imaging and its evolution from slow and labor-intense off-line reconstruction to real-time volumetric imaging is one of the most significant developments in ultrasound imaging of the heart of the past decade. This imaging modality currently provides valuable clinical information that empowers echocardiography with new levels of confidence in diagnosing heart disease. One major advantage of seeing the additional dimension is the improvement in the accuracy of the evaluation of cardiac chamber volumes by eliminating geometric modeling and the errors caused by foreshortened views. Another benefit of 3D imaging is the realistic views of cardiac valves capable of demonstrating numerous pathologies in a unique, noninvasive manner. This article reviews the major technological developments in 3D echocardiography and some of the recent literature that has provided the scientific basis for its clinical use.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Section of Cardiology, MC5084, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. vmoravi@bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mor-Avi
authors.forename: Lissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sugeng
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009929:Organ Size