title: Relationship of sex steroid hormones with bone mineral density (BMD) in a nationally representative sample of men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sex steroid hormones influence bone mineral density (BMD) in women, but are less well-studied in men. We evaluated the association of serum total and free sex steroid hormones and SHBG with osteopaenia in a nationally representative sample of men aged 20-90 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMD and sex steroid hormones were measured among participants in NHANES III, a cross-sectional study of the US population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1185 adult men in morning examination session of Phase I of NHANES III (1988-91).
  
  
  METHODS
  Relation of oestradiol (E(2)), testosterone, and SHBG concentrations with BMD. Osteopaenia was defined as 1-2.5 SD below the mean for white men aged 20-29 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men in the lowest quartile of free E(2) had 70% increased odds (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 0.95-2.98) of osteopaenia compared with men in the highest quartile. Men in the lowest quartile of free testosterone had nearly four times the odds of osteopaenia than those in the highest quartile (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.87-7.78). Lower concentrations of SHBG appeared protective against osteopaenia (P-trend = 0.01). Neither total testosterone nor total E(2) was associated with BMD, although men with clinically low E(2) (< 20 ng/l) had lower BMD (0.930 g/cm(2), 95% CI 0.88-0.98) than men with normal-range E(2) (1.024 g/cm(2), 95% CI 1.01-1.04; P = 0.004). Findings for free E(2) were most pronounced among elderly men, while the findings for free testosterone were most pronounced among younger men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this nationally representative study, men with lower free E(2), lower free testosterone, and higher SHBG concentrations in circulation were more likely to have low BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Channing J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Paller
authors.forename: Meredith S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shiels
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
authors.forename: Shehzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basaria
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol