title: Laparoscopic anti-reflux plasty: experience of the University of São Paulo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a common cause of urinary tract infections in children, being less commonly diagnosed in adults. Several anti-reflux plasties have been used successfully for the treatment of such condition, such as Politano-Leadbetter, Cohen and Gregoir-Lich techniques, the latter being our preferred approach in open procedures. Here we describe our experience with laparoscopic Gregoir-Lich anti-reflux plasty (LGLP) in children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LGLP was used for the treatment of VUR in 15 patients (7 adults and 8 children). Four adults and 5 children had bilateral disease and both sides were treated at the same procedure. Data was collected prospectively and we analysed age at treatment, laterality, degree of VUR, previous anti-reflux procedures, operative time, number of detrusor stitches used in each side, intra-operative and post-operative complications, success rate and follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 23 ureteral units were treated. VUR was graded as I in one unit, II in 4 units, III in 10 units, IV in 7 units and 1 unit was not classified, as it was diagnosed by radioisotopic cystography. Two children had failed previous endoscopic procedures. There were no open conversions. Two muccosal perforations occurred during the procedure and were successfully treated laparoscopically. Nineteen out of 21 ureteral units (90%) presented no VUR at the cystographic control, and no bladder dysfunction was identified on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LGLP is a feasible, minimally invasive alternative for VUR that reproduces the open procedure. It has an excelent success rate and is not associated to bladder disfunction, even in bilateral procedures.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ftdenes@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Francisco T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Dénes
authors.forename: Anuar I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Mitre
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arap
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chambo
authors.forename: Artur H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*