title: An international multicenter randomized study of computer-assisted oral anticoagulant dosage vs. medical staff dosage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased demand for oral anticoagulants is overwhelming facilities worldwide, resulting in increasing use of computer assistance. A multicenter clinical endpoint study has been performed to compare the safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage with dosage by experienced medical staff at the same centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized study of dosage of two commercial computer-assisted dosage programs (PARMA 5 and DAWN AC) vs. manual dosage at 32 centers with an established interest in oral anticoagulation in 13 countries. The aim was to recruit a minimum of 16,000 patient-years randomized to medical staff or computer-assisted dosage. In total, 13,219 patients participated, 6503 patients being randomized to medical staff and 6716 to computer-assisted dosage. The safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage were compared with those of medical staff dosage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 13,052 patients were recruited (18,617 patient-years). International Normalized Ratio (INR) tests numbered 193 890 with manual dosage and 193,424 with computer-assisted dosage. The number of clinical events with computer-assisted dosage was lower (P = 0.1), but in the 3209 patients with deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, they were reduced by 37 (24%, P = 0.001). Time in target INR range was significantly improved by computer assistance as compared with medical staff dosage at the majority of centers (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety and effectiveness of computer-assisted dosage has been demonstrated using two different marketed programs in comparison with experienced medical staff dosage at the centers with established interest in anticoagulation. Significant prevention of clinical events in patients with deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and the achievement of target INR in all clinical groups has been observed. The reliability and safety of other marketed computer-assisted dosage programs need to be established.
authors.affiliation: EAA Central Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. leon.poller@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keown
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moia
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Turpie
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: A M H P
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van den Besselaar
authors.forename: F J M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tripodi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palareti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shiach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burgess-Wilson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heagerty
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maccallum
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jespersen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000473:pathology; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants