title: Upregulation of activator protein-4 in human colorectal cancer with metastasis.
abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of AP-4, VEGF, and MMP-9 genes in human colorectal cancer. The expression pattern of activator protein-4 in 160 colorectal cancer compared with 32 colorectal adenomas and 32 normal colorectal tissues is demonstrated by tissue microarray-immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis status using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling by comparing activator protein-4 positive versus activator protein-4 negative colorectal cancer is also assessed. The messenger RNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in activator protein-4 positive and negative colorectal cancer were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction. The activator protein-4 expression in normal colorectal tissue, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma were 4 of 32, 8 of 32, and 78 of 160, respectively. It is shown that the activator protein-4 expression was significantly correlated with the progression of colorectal cancer (P < .01) and differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P < .01). Our results also presented that the activator protein-4 expression was associated with the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the advanced colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China. ziyuan@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wanglin L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jintang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Weibiao B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiwen W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huanqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yuyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C055473:enhancer-binding protein AP-4; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9