title: Antiphospholipid antibodies after renal transplantation and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to assess the presence of pre- or post-transplant serum antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and its association with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 138 patients transplanted with a cadaver kidney graft between 1990 and 1998 and with a graft functioning for longer than one yr. One pre-transplant sample and another obtained after transplantation from our serum bank were analyzed. The ELISA used were set up in our laboratory, following established international guidelines, and results were confirmed in three different runs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  23.9% and 31.2% of patients had pre- and post-transplant positive titers of APA, respectively. 16% developed those antibodies de novo after transplantation. Post-transplant CVD was observed in 20.3% of patients but they were not associated with the production of APA in the whole population studied. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased risk (RR 2.27; p = 0.02) for CVD when APA were produced after acute rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of serum APA alone was not an independent risk factor for CVD after kidney transplantation. Nonetheless, in kidney recipients who produced APA de novo after acute rejection, the control of cardiovascular risk factors must be intensified.
authors.affiliation: Service of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández-Fresnedo
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Hoyos
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: San Segundo
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Angel Luis M
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: De Francisco
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid