title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and change in mammographic density: a cohort study using pharmacy records on over 29,000 postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) has been associated with a decrease in breast cancer risk, but it is unknown if they also reduce mammographic density, a strong intermediate marker of breast cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated NSAID use and mammographic density in 29,284 postmenopausal women who had two screening mammograms at Group Health in Seattle. We used pharmacy records to classify women as NSAID nonusers, continuers, initiators, or discontinuers based on use between the two mammograms and nine separate prescription and nonprescription NSAID classes. Using unordered polytomous logistic regression methods, we modeled the odds ratio (OR) of staying not dense, decreasing density, or increasing density relative to remaining dense based on Breast Imaging Reporting Data System classification of density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association with density change from initiation or continuation of NSAIDs. However, both initiators and continuers of any NSAIDs were more likely to stay not dense than stay dense [OR, 1.12; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-1.20; OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49, respectively]. This association with staying not dense for initiators and continuers of any NSAID use was observed primarily among women ages <65 years at first mammogram (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14-1.93, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initiation of NSAID use did not reduce mammographic density over the short term. Continuers of NSAID use were more likely to stay not dense compared with nonusers, suggesting that it is plausible that longer-term use of NSAIDs may be needed to reduce density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mt146@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Diana S M
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trentham-Dietz
authors.forename: Tamarra M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: James-Todd
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001940:Breast / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal