title: Serum salusin-alpha levels are decreased and correlated negatively with carotid atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive patients.
abstract: Salusin-alpha is a new bioactive peptide with mild hypotensive and bradycardic effects. Our recent study showed that salusin-alpha suppresses foam cell formation in human monocyte-derived macrophages by down-regulating acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1, contributing to its anti-atherosclerotic effect. To clarify the clinical implications of salusin-alpha in hypertension and its complications, we examined the relationship between serum salusin-alpha levels and carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients. The intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque score in the carotid artery, blood pressure, serum levels of salusin-alpha, and atherosclerotic parameters were determined in 70 patients with essential hypertension and in 20 normotensive controls. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose level, or serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein, high- or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, small dense LDL, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), or insulin between the two groups. Serum salusin-alpha levels were significantly lower in hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls. The plasma urotensin-II level, maximal IMT, plaque score, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly greater in hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls. In all subjects, maximal IMT was significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, urotensin-II, salusin-alpha, and HOMA-IR. Forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that salusin-alpha levels had a significantly independent and negative association with maximal IMT. Serum salusin-alpha levels were significantly lower in accordance with the severity of plaque score. Our results suggest that the decrease in serum salusin-alpha, an anti-atherogenic peptide, may be associated with carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. watanabemd@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suguro
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Syuusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kodate
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shichiri
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014579:Urotensins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C478739:TOR2A protein, human; D014579:Urotensins; C029677:urotensin II