title: Long-lasting insecticidal nets fail at household level to reduce abundance of sandfly vector Phlebotomus argentipes in treated houses in Bihar (India).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINS) at household level are effective in reducing the abundance of Phlebotomus argentipes, vector of anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of two long-lasting nets (Olyset and PermaNet) on indoor sandfly abundance was evaluated in selected houses of three endemic hamlets in Bihar (India). It was assumed that most sandflies breed inside the houses and that LLINs would progressively reduce the indoor density during the reproduction season. A campaign of indoor spraying with dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) interfered with the trial but did not affect the sandfly population. Results Only the density of males of P. argentipes was significantly reduced by both the LLINs but not the females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that most female sandflies are coming from outside and that LLINs do not reduce their entry rate.
authors.affiliation: Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Agamkuan Patna, India.
authors.forename: Diwakar S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Dinesh
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picado
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Speybroeck
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ostyn
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boelaert
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coosemans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D007194:India; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007306:Insecticides; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000502:physiology; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D026023:Permethrin