title: Radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors: experience treating 16 patients in Iran.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glomus jugulare tumors (GJT) have traditionally been treated by surgery or fractionated external-beam radiotherapy. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the tumor control rate, clinical outcome, and short-term complications of stereotactic radiosurgery in subsets of patients who are poor candidates for these procedures, based on age, medical problems, tumor size, or prior treatment failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Leksell Gamma Knife was used to treat 16 patients harboring symptomatic, residual, recurrent, or unresectable GJTs. The age of the patients ranged from 12 to 77 years (median 46.5 years). Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) was performed as primary treatment in five patients (31.3%). Microsurgery preceded radiosurgery in 10 patients (62.5%) and fractionated radiotherapy in three patients (18.8%). The median tumor volume was 9.8 cm3 (range 1.7-20.6 cm3). The median marginal dose applied to a mean isodose volume of 50% (range 37-70%) was 18 Gy (range 14-20 Gy). Neurological follow-up examinations revealed improved clinical status in 10 patients (62.5%), a stable neurological status in six (37.5%), and no complications. After radiosurgery, follow-up imaging was conducted in 14 patients; the median interval from GKS to the last follow up was 18.5 months (range 4-28 months). Tumor size had decreased in six patients (42.9%), and the volume remained unchanged in the remaining eight (57.1%). None of the tumors increased in volume during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the authors' experience, GKS represents a useful therapeutic option to control symptoms and may be safely conducted in patients with primary or recurrent GJTs with no death and no acute morbidity. Because of the tumor's naturally slow growth rate, however, long-term follow-up data are needed to establish a cure rate after radiosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mbitaraf@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bitaraf
authors.forename: Mazdak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alikhani
authors.forename: Pouya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tahsili-Fahadan
authors.forename: Rouzbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Motiei-Langroudi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahiri
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allahverdi
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmanian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005925:Glomus Jugulare Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult