Cultural competence in the era of evidence-based practice.
Cultural competence has become an important concern for contemporary health care delivery, with ethical and legal implications. Numerous educational approaches have been developed to orient clinicians, and standards and position statements promoting cultural competence have been published by both the American Medical Association and the American Nurses Association. Although a number of health care regulatory agencies have developed standards or recommendations, clinical application to patient care has been challenging. These challenges include the abstract nature of the concept, essentializing culture to race or ethnicity, and the attempts to associate culture with health disparities. To make cultural competence relevant to clinical practice, we linked a cultural competency continuum that identifies the levels of cultural competency (cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, cultural precompetence, and cultural proficiency) to well-established values in health care. This situates cultural competence and proficiency in alignment with patient-centered care. A model integrating the cultural competency continuum with the components of evidence-based care (i.e., best research practice, clinical expertise, and patient's values and circumstances) is presented.
Engebretson
Joan
J
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Nursing, TX 77030, USA. joan.c.engebretson@uth.tmc.edu
Mahoney
Jane
J
Carlson
Elizabeth D
ED
D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D019985:Benchmarking; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019468:Disease Management; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000193:education / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D033161:Government Regulation; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011287:Prejudice; D028662:Principle-Based Ethics; D012935:Social Justice; D012945:Social Values; D016746:Transcultural Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States