title: Prospective phase II study of post-surgical adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy using autologous dendritic cells and activated killer cells from tissue culture of tumor-draining lymph nodes in primary lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy using dendritic cells and activated killer cells are not clear in post-surgical primary lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologically diagnosed N2 lung cancer patients were selected for postsurgical adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy. The activated killer cells and dendritic cells (AKT-DC) obtained from tissue cultures of tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) or from TDLN co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes (TDLN-Pb) were used for the adoptive transfer of immunotherapy. The patients received 4 courses of chemotherapy along with immunotherapy every 2 months for 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 31 N2 patients eligible for the study. Three cases were excluded because of refusal by the patients after 1-2 courses of immunotherapy. For the 28 cases treated, a total of 313 courses of immunotherapy were administered. The main toxicities were fever (78.0%), chill (83.4%), fatigue (23.0%) and nausea (17.0%) on the day of cell transfer. The 2- and 5-year survival rates were 88.9 % (95.9-81.9; 95% confidence interval, C.I.) and 52.9% (76.4-29.4; C.I.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adoptive transfer of activated killer cells and dendritic cells from the tumor-draining lymph nodes of primary lung cancer patients is feasible and safe, and a large-scale multi-institutional study is necessary for evaluation of the efficacy of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan. dclak@chiba-cc.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iizasa
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shingyouji
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016260:Monocytes, Activated Killer / Q000276:immunology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel