title: Understanding modern breast reduction techniques with a simplified approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyse the geometrical principles of breast reduction, to propose a classification of reduction mammaplasty techniques and to show a simplified approach based on the authors experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thorough analysis of the geometrical differences between the normal and enlarged breast was performed. As a result of this analysis, the concept of separate management of the skin and gland for breast reduction was used as a method to classify the different techniques. Some aspects of technique selection and the authors' preferences are also discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four geometric differences between the normal and enlarged breast are: vertical excess, broadened base, horizontal excess and a descended nipple-areola complex. All breast reduction techniques use a specific pedicle and a separate skin incision pattern, so they should be named after the scar and pedicle used. Technique selection must consider the degree of hypertrophy and ptosis, the skin and gland quality, the patient's requirements, and the surgeon's experience and preferences. Some clinical examples are provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comprehension of basic breast geometry, a universal language for communication and a simple algorithm to approach the breast reduction patient are valuable tools, particularly for the surgeon who is becoming acquainted with reduction mammaplasty procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, J. J. Aguirre Clinical Hospital, University of Chile School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. patoandrades@gmail.com
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andrades
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prado
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged