title: Somatostatin inhibits hepatic growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor I mRNA expression by activating the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways.
abstract: Previously, we reported that somatostatins (SS) inhibit organismal growth by reducing hepatic growth hormone (GH) sensitivity and by inhibiting insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) production. In this study, we used hepatocytes isolated from rainbow trout to elucidate the mechanism(s) associated with the extrapituitary growth-inhibiting actions of SS. SS-14, a predominant SS isoform, stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of several endogenous proteins, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a member the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and protein kinase B (Akt), a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). SS-14 specifically stimulated the phosphorylation of both ERK 1/2 and Akt in a concentration-dependent fashion. This activation occurred within 5-15 min, then subsided after 1 h. The ERK inhibitor U0126 retarded SS-14-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, whereas the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked SS-14-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt. SS-14-inhibited expression of GH receptor (GHR) mRNA was blocked by U0126 but not by LY294002. By contrast, U1026 had no effect on SS-14 inhibition of GH-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression, whereas LY294002 partially blocked the inhibition of GH-stimulated IGF-I mRNA expression by SS-14. These results indicate that SS-14-inhibited GHR expression is mediated by the ERK signaling pathway and that the PI3K/Akt pathway mediates, at least in part, SS-14 inhibition of GH-stimulated IGF-I expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hagemeister
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheridan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D002867:Chromones; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009025:Morpholines; D009570:Nitriles; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D013004:Somatostatin; C113580:U 0126; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one