title: Comparative ultrasonographic, magnetic resonance sialographic, and videoendoscopic assessment of salivary duct disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salivary duct disorders are the second most common cause of obstruction after calculi. Magnetic resonance sialography has been recently proposed as a means of diagnosing a heterogeneous group of salivary disorders, and so we compared it with sialoendoscopy in evaluating stenoses and sialectasia in 24 patients with obstructive symptoms and ultrasonographic results negative for calculi or masses.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the patients (19 of whom had recurrent unilateral or bilateral swollen parotid glands and 5 of whom also had recurrent swollen submandibular glands) underwent dynamic color Doppler ultrasonography and dynamic magnetic resonance sialography with lemon juice stimulation of saliva; 18 patients also underwent diagnostic sialoendoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography showed duct dilatation in all patients (bilateral in 5 with parotid stenosis). Magnetic resonance sialography confirmed duct dilatation and stenosis in all of the patients, and revealed the simultaneous presence of calculi in 4 cases. A parotid sialocele was found in 4 cases. The magnetic resonance sialographic findings were confirmed in the patients who underwent sialoendoscopy. No side effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnetic resonance sialography following prediagnostic ultrasonography allows an adequate diagnosis of salivary duct disorders such as stenosis and sialectasia, as confirmed by objective sialoendoscopic assessment. Magnetic resonance sialography also makes it possible to visualize the salivary duct system up to its tertiary branches and, in this regard, may be considered a valid, noninvasive method for the evaluation of salivary duct disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngological and Ophthalmological Sciences, Policlinico Foundation IRCCS, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capaccio
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cuccarini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minorati
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sambataro
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornalba
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pignataro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D018987:Salivary Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012796:Sialography; D013364:Submandibular Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color