title: Multi-commutation in flow analysis: recent developments and applications.
abstract: The concept of multi-commutation in flow analysis is revisited, and emphasis is given to recent methodological and applicative achievements. Multi-commutation is compatible with different flow patterns (unsegmented, segmented, pulsed, tandem) and amenable to concentration-oriented feedback mechanisms. Its exploitation has led to significant attainments mainly in relation to versatility of the flow system. Characteristics and potentialities of the multi-commuted flow systems are discussed, and guidelines for assisting methodological implementation are given. The number of applications has experienced remarkable increase during last years; therefore, the applicative part of this review is focused on the recent noteworthy applications, mainly in relation to environmental, agronomical, pharmaceutical, biological, food and industrial samples.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba 13400-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mário A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Feres
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortes
authors.forename: Elias A G
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zagatto
authors.forename: João L M
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: José L F C
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D008670:Metals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D013440:Sulfides; D014527:Uric Acid; C031927:hydroquinone