title: A case of locked-in syndrome complicated by central deafness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 53-year-old male with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and factor V deficiency presented to an emergency room with progressively increasing headache, slurred speech, and left upper extremity weakness. Over the previous 3 months, he had been receiving warfarin for prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis following knee surgery. After presentation and an initial period of coma, he became tetraplegic and anarthric, requiring intubation and ventilatory assistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurological examination, CT scan, electroencephalogram, brainstem auditory and visual evoked potential studies, neuropsychological assessment and functional MRI studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Locked-in syndrome following ventral pontine hemorrhage, complicated by central deafness secondary to extension of the lesion to the inferior colliculus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Development of an augmentative communication system designed to exploit the patient's preserved cognitive and motor functions.
authors.affiliation: New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center, 65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818, USA. csmart@solarishs.org
authors.forename: Colette M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Smart
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Giacino
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Diana Rodriguez
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gizzi
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011149:Pons / Q000473:pathology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy