title: Trends in management and outcome of pregnancies in HIV-infected women in the UK and Ireland, 1990-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the changing demographic profile of diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women over time and trends in pregnancy outcome, uptake of interventions and mother-to-child transmission.
  
  
  METHODS
  National surveillance study.
  
  
  METHODS
  UK and Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women, 1990-2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Active surveillance of obstetric and paediatric HIV conducted through the National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcome, use of antiretroviral therapy, mode of delivery and mother-to-child transmission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8327 pregnancies were reported, increasing from 82 in 1990 to 1394 in 2006, with an increasing proportion from areas outside London. Injecting drug use as the reported risk factor for maternal HIV acquisition declined from 49.2% (185/376) in 1990-1993 to 3.1% (125/4009) in 2004-2006 (P < 0.001), while the proportion of women born in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 43.5% (93/214) in 1990-1993 to 78.6% (3076/3912) in 2004-2006 (P < 0.004). Reported pregnancy terminations decreased from 29.6% (111/376) in 1990-1993 to 3.4% (135/4009) in 2004-2006 (P < 0.001). Most (56.4%, 3717/6593) deliveries were by elective caesarean section, with rates highest in 1999 (66.4%, 144/217). Vaginal deliveries increased from 16.6% (36/217) in 1999 to 28.3% (321/1136) in 2006 (P < 0.001). Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy increased over time, reaching 98.4% (1092/1110) in 2006, and the overall mother-to-child transmission rate declined from 18.5% (35/189) in 1990-1993 to 1.0% (29/2832) in 2004-2006.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The annual number of reported pregnancies increased dramatically between 1990 and 2006, with changing demographic and geographic profiles and substantial changes in pregnancy management and outcome.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. c.townsend@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortina-Borja
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Peckham
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tookey
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001724:Birth Weight; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D050498:Live Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D019562:Viral Load