title: Improved extraction method for the determination of iron, copper, and nickel in new varieties of sunflower oil by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
abstract: A simple and fast procedure is proposed for the extraction of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) in 16 varieties of sunflower seed oil samples using an ultrasonic bath. The experimental parameters of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method were optimized to improve the sensitivity and detect the metals at trace levels in minimum time. Conventional wet acid digestion method was used for comparative purposes. The optimum recovery of all 3 metals was obtained by UAE for 7 min, while the separation of aqueous and organic phases after extraction using centrifugation (UAE-2) required 3 min, as compared to the conventional equilibration method (UAE-1) that required 90 min. The respective recoveries of Cu, Fe, and Ni obtained with UAE-2 were in the range of 95.8-97.5, 93.5-98.3, and 95.6-98.2%, respectively, for different varieties of sunflower oil samples. Accuracy was determined by the standard addition method. Under the optimum operating conditions, the limits of detection obtained from the standard addition curves were 21.7, 20.4, and 35.6 ng/mL for Fe, Cu, and Ni, respectively. The fact that all varieties of sunflower oil contain significant amounts of Fe, Cu, and Ni indicates the deterioration of sunflower oil quality immediately after extraction from seeds, which poses a threat to oil quality and human health.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. rehana_ansari_57@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rehana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Tasneem G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Mohammad K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jamali
authors.forename: Mohammad B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Syed T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sherazi
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jalbani
authors.forename: Hassan I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron