title: Environmental effects on school age child psychomotricity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study had the following aims: to verify whether children living in different environmental areas present a different development degree of the functional prerequisites of psychomotricity; to test whether a targeted psychomotricity education program could favourably modify the potential differences which may be observed; to investigate the relationship, if any, between the anthropometric differences and the functional prerequisites of psychomotricity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-five Italian children, 83 males and 82 females, 6-7 years old were enrolled in this study. Based on the provenance area, the children were subdivided into two groups: the urban one (N=85) and the rural one (N=80). Both groups underwent an initial psychomotor assessment including standardised psychomotor tests aimed at evidencing the general dynamic coordination ability and the static and dynamic balance capacity of every child.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this research point out that children living in an urban setting selectively showed a lower degree of balance development, if compared to children living in rural areas; a targeted psychomotor education program favourably modified the differences in the balance development between the two examined groups, up to their disappearance. In the urban group the body mass index had a trend towards a negative relationship with balance development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children grown up in an urban environment showed a delay in balance development, if compared to children of the same age grown up in rural areas. This study also clearly proves that such a delay may be regained by means of a targeted psychomotor education program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Histology and Legal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cappellini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zuffellato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Polcaro
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Molino Lova
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macchi
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population