title: Study of wet precipitation and its chemical composition in South of Brazil.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of wet precipitation in samples collected at three stations in the Candiota region in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Samples were collected in 2004. Variables analyzed in wet precipitation were pH, conductivity, and concentration of Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-) F-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, NH4+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co, and Cr. SO2 and NO2 distribution over the time were also evaluated. Results have showed that pH < 5.6 are found mostly at Candiota airport (85%), followed by Aceguá (72%) and Três Lagoas (65%). Enrichment Factor of the studied ions in wet deposition revealed higher Ca2+ and SO4(2-) enrichment in Três Lagoas. Factor Analysis applied to metals and major ions allowed identifying the major sources. While Cl-, Na+, Mg2+ are of marine origin, SO4(2-), NO3-, NH4+, F- come from anthropogenic sources. Except for Fe and Mn originating from the soil dust, the metals studied showed to have anthropogenic influence. The average SO2 and NO2 concentration, as well as SO4(2-) and NO3- in wet precipitation in the Candiota region showed higher concentrations during the warmer months.
authors.affiliation: Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental, Porto Alegre, RS, 90030-020, Brazil. gerpro.pesquisa@fepam.rs.gov.br
authors.forename: Elba C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Migliavacca
authors.forename: Sadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pereira Filho
authors.forename: Andréa C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Juliana B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dallarosa
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy