title: Activation of the cellular DNA damage response in the absence of DNA lesions.
abstract: The cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated by the rapid recruitment of repair factors to the site of DNA damage to form a multiprotein repair complex. How the repair complex senses damaged DNA and then activates the DDR is not well understood. We show that prolonged binding of DNA repair factors to chromatin can elicit the DDR in an ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)- and DNAPK (DNA-dependent protein kinase)-dependent manner in the absence of DNA damage. Targeting of single repair factors to chromatin revealed a hierarchy of protein interactions within the repair complex and suggests amplification of the damage signal. We conclude that activation of the DDR does not require DNA damage and stable association of repair factors with chromatin is likely a critical step in triggering, amplifying, and maintaining the DDR signal.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. soutogle@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Evi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soutoglou
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Misteli
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1; C508937:MDC1 protein, mouse; C512689:Mre11a protein, mouse; C466108:Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 protein, mouse; C498302:Trp53bp1 protein, mouse; C475961:gamma-H2AX protein, mouse; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; C578633:Chek2 protein, mouse