title: Penetration and accumulation of moxifloxacin in uterine tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether moxifloxacin penetrates the uterine tissue and accumulates at levels sufficient to eradicate the major pathogens causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group study we determined the concentration of moxifloxacin in plasma and uterine tissue after a single, 400-mg intravenous dose of moxifloxacin. Study participants were randomized for time of tissue sampling, which was performed 1, 2, 4, 7, or 24 hours following the moxifloxacin infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 43 participants, 40 were randomized to tissue sampling. Moxifloxacin accumulated in uterine tissue and concentrations were highest 1 hour after infusion in both plasma and tissue. Tissue to plasma ratios remained between 1.7 and 2.1 for 24 hours. Moxifloxacin was found to be safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on known minimum inhibitory concentration data, the uterine tissue concentrations of moxifloxacin achieved over 24 hours would be sufficient to eradicate the range of bacterial pathogens responsible for PID.
authors.affiliation: Bayer HealthCare AG, Wuppertal, Germany. heino.stass@bayerhealthcare.com
authors.forename: Heino
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stass
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kubitza
authors.forename: Baybur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aydeniz
authors.forename: Deithelm
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wallwiener
authors.forename: Atef
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gleiter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin