title: Effect of music on patients undergoing colonoscopy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Music has been utilized as a therapeutic tool during colonoscopy, but various randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the effect of music on patients undergoing colonoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple medical databases were searched (12/06). Only RCTs on adult subjects that compared music versus no music during colonoscopy were included. Meta-analysis was analyzed for total procedure time, dose of sedative medications (midazolam and mepiridine), and patients' pain scores, experience, and willingness to repeat the same procedure in the future.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight studies (N = 712) met the inclusion criteria. Patients' overall experience scores (P < 0.01) were significantly improved with music. No significant differences were noted for patients' pain scores (P = 0.09), mean doses of midazolam (P = 0.10), mean doses of meperidine (P = 0.23), procedure times (P = 0.06), and willingness to repeat the same procedure in future (P = 0.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Music improves patients' overall experience with colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bechtold
authors.forename: Srinivas R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Puli
authors.forename: Mohamed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Othman
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bartalos
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Praveen K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000523:psychology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D006801:Humans; D009147:Music Therapy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic