Disorders involving calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
Disorders of mineral metabolism are common in both the office and hospital setting. The diagnosis can be simplified by remembering the target organs involved--intestine, kidney, and bone--and by assessing the presence of kidney disease, levels of parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D status. Although the list of possible causes for these derangements is long, most patients who have hypercalcemia have hyperparathyroidism or malignancy; those who have hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia have reduced gastrointestinal absorption, and those who have hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia have increased intake in the setting of kidney disease.
Moe
Sharon M
SM
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW 526, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. smoe@iupui.edu
D002118:Calcium; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D054559:Hyperphosphatemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D017674:Hypophosphatemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008274:Magnesium; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010758:Phosphorus
D010758:Phosphorus; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium