title: T'ai Chi exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the physiological and psychosocial effects of a 12-week T'ai Chi program (TC) in patients with heart failure (HF) as previously reported in a clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 30 patients with chronic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction < or =40%) to receive TC plus usual care (n = 15), or usual care alone (wait-list control, n = 15). Outcome measures included quality of life, exercise capacity, B-type natriuretic peptide, catecholamine levels, heart rate variability, and sleep stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age (+/-SD) of patients was 64 +/- 13 years, mean baseline ejection fraction (+/-SD) was 23 +/- 7%, and median New York Heart Association Class was 2 (range 1-4). At 12 weeks, patients who participated in TC showed improved quality of life (mean change -17 +/- 11 vs. 8 +/- 15, Minnesota Living with HF Questionnaire, p = 0.001), increased exercise capacity (mean change 85 +/- 46 vs. -51 +/-58 m, 6-min walk, p = 0.001), and decreased B-type natriuretic peptide (mean change -48 +/- 104 vs. 90 +/- 333 pg/ml, p = 0.03) compared to the control group. Those who participated in TC also showed improvement in sleep stability (increase in high-frequency coupling +0.05 +/- 0.10 vs. -0.06 +/- 0.09 proportion of estimated total sleep time, p = 0.04; reduction in low-frequency coupling -0.09 +/- 0.09 vs. +0.13 +/- 0.13 proportion of estimated total sleep time, p < 0.01), compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TC may enhance quality of life, exercise capacity, and sleep stability in patients with chronic HF.
authors.affiliation: Division for Research and Education in Complementary and Integrative Medical Therapies, Harvard Medical School, and Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass., USA.
authors.forename: Gloria Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D026302:Tai Ji
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain