title: Incidence of types of cancer among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population in the United States, 1992-2003.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persons who are HIV-infected may be at higher risk for certain types of cancer than the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare cancer incidence among HIV-infected persons with incidence in the general population from 1992 to 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational cohort studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  54,780 HIV-infected persons in the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (47,832 patients) and the HIV Outpatient Study (6948 patients), who contributed 157,819 person-years of follow-up from 1992 to 2003, and 334,802,121 records from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of 13 geographically defined, population-based, central cancer registries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized rate ratios (SRRs) to compare cancer incidence in the HIV-infected population with standardized cancer incidence in the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of the following types of non-AIDS-defining cancer was significantly higher in the HIV-infected population than in the general population: anal (SRR, 42.9 [95% CI, 34.1 to 53.3]), vaginal (21.0 [CI, 11.2 to 35.9]), Hodgkin lymphoma (14.7 [CI, 11.6 to 18.2]), liver (7.7 [CI, 5.7 to 10.1]), lung (3.3 [CI, 2.8 to 3.9]), melanoma (2.6 [CI, 1.9 to 3.6]), oropharyngeal (2.6 [CI, 1.9 to 3.4]), leukemia (2.5 [CI, 1.6 to 3.8]), colorectal (2.3 [CI, 1.8 to 2.9]), and renal (1.8 [CI, 1.1 to 2.7]). The incidence of prostate cancer was significantly lower among HIV-infected persons than the general population (SRR, 0.6 [CI, 0.4 to 0.8]). Only the relative incidence of anal cancer increased over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower ascertainment of cancer in the HIV cohorts may result in a potential bias to underestimate rate disparities. Tobacco use as a risk factor and the effect of changes in cancer screening practices could not be evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of many types of non-AIDS-defining cancer was higher among HIV-infected persons than among the general population from 1992 to 2003.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emory University, and Northrop Grumman Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. plp3@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Pragna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: Tony C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019370:Observation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology