title: Variation of 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide in water after aerial application to rice cultivation area.
abstract: Variation in the fungicide, 4,5,6,7-phthalide, in water was investigated in order to evaluate the runoff of the fungicide after aerial application to paddy fields by a radio-controlled helicopter. The survey was conducted for 4 months after the application. The average and maximum concentrations of phthalide were 3.7-4.4 microg/L and 30.5-33.8 microg/L in the paddy fields, 0.37-0.64 microg/L and 2.7-7.5 microg/L in the drainage channels, and 0.18 and 0.83 microg/L in a river, respectively. The runoff ratios of the aerially applied phthalide from the paddy fields into the drainage channels were calculated to be 1.7-2.4%.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawata
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C531056:4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide; D001572:Benzofurans; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical