title: Perioperative use of dobutamine in cardiac surgery and adverse cardiac outcome: propensity-adjusted analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Catecholamines, mainly dobutamine, are often administered without institutional guidelines or prespecified algorithms in cardiac surgery. The current study assessed the consequences on clinical outcome of catecholamines simply based on the clinical judgment of the anesthesiologists after cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients were enrolled in a nonrandomized cohort study. Factors associated with perioperative use of catecholamines and with outcomes were recorded prospectively to conduct bias adjustment, including propensity scores. Major cardiac morbidity (i.e., ventricular arrhythmia, use of an intraaortic balloon pump and postoperative myocardial infarction) and all-cause intrahospital mortality were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval].
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study, 84 of 657 patients (13%) received catecholamines, most often dobutamine (76 of 84, 90%). A higher incidence of both major cardiac morbidity (30 vs. 9%; P < 0.001; OR, 4.2 [2.5-7.3]) and all-cause intrahospital mortality (8 vs. 1%; P < 0.001; OR, 12.9 [3.7-45.2]) was observed in the catecholamine group compared with the control group. After adjusting for channeling bias and confounding factors, catecholamine administration remained significantly associated with major cardiac morbidity after propensity score stratification (OR, 2.1 [1.0-4.4]; P < 0.05), propensity score covariance analysis (OR, 2.3 [1.0-5.0]; P < 0.05), marginal structural models (OR, 1.8 [1.3-2.5]; P < 0.001), and propensity score matching (OR, 3.0 [1.2-7.3]; P < 0.02), but not with all-cause intrahospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that dobutamine should only be administered when the benefit is judged to outweigh the risks.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint-Martin, Caen; Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, EA3975, Paris. jean-luc.fellahi@gdsnb.gsante.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fellahi
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parienti
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hanouz
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plaud
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riou
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouattara
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020379:Risk Adjustment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D002395:Catecholamines; D004280:Dobutamine