title: Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of CT-011, a humanized antibody interacting with PD-1, in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CT-011 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune response through interaction with PD-1, a protein belonging to the B7 receptor family present on lymphocytes. The objectives of this phase I study were to assess the dose-limiting toxicities, to determine the maximum tolerated dose, and to study the pharmacokinetics of CT-011 administered once to patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients were treated with escalating doses of CT-011 ranging from 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. For pharmacokinetic analysis, blood samples were withdrawn from the patients before and immediately after treatment and at 24 hours, 48 hours, and on days 7, 14, and 21. CT-011 blood levels were assessed with a specific ELISA and derived concentrations were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Activation of the immune system was assessed by measuring peripheral blood CD4+, CD8+, and CD69+ lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed the antibody to be safe and well tolerated in this patient population. No single maximum tolerated dose was defined in this study. Clinical benefit was observed in 33% of the patients with one complete remission. Pharmacokinetic analyses show that serum Cmax and the AUC of CT-011 increased proportionally with dose. The median t1/2 of CT-011 ranged from 217 to 410 hours. Sustained elevation in the percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ lymphocytes was observed up to 21 days following CT-011 treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single administration of 0.2 to 6.0 mg/kg of CT-011 is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Rinat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rotem-Yehudar
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landes
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kneller
authors.forename: Merav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leiba
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koren-Michowitz
authors.forename: Avichai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimoni
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C515424:BAT monoclonal antibody; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor