title: Thioredoxin upregulation by 5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  5-aminolaevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is widely performed in the clinical setting for superficial skin cancers, giving favorable results, but residual tumor and recurrence occur occasionally. Thioredoxin is a common antioxidant that suppresses apoptosis and facilitates cell growth. We investigated the expression of thioredoxin following ALA-PDT in human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-5.
  
  
  METHODS
  ALA-PDT was performed in HSC-5 cells using low-dose (5 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)) or high-dose (30 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)) irradiation, and the expression of thioredoxin was measured by Western blotting. An MTT assay was used to assess cell growth following a low dose of multiple irradiations. Cell death was examined by Western blotting for caspase-3 and PARP. Immunofluorescence double staining using annexin V and propidium iodine was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of thioredoxin was only observed following low-dose exposure ALA-PDT. Multiple low-dose exposure ALA-PDT significantly proliferated cell growth. With high-dose exposure ALA-PDT, caspase-3 and PARP expression were seen, and cell death due to apoptosis and/or necrosis was observed, but thioredoxin was barely detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose exposure ALA-PDT increased the expression of thioredoxin and facilitated the growth of HSC-5 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. tomoe@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuhara
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeo
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Morihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagishita
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D024161:Collagen Type XI / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054025:Lasers, Dye; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000139:chemically induced; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C499319:COL11A2 protein, human; D024161:Collagen Type XI; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D013879:Thioredoxins; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D053148:Caspase 3