title: The development of atopic dermatitis is independent of Immunoglobulin E up-regulation in the K14-IL-4 SKH1 transgenic mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have successfully generated an IgE-associated (extrinsic/allergic) mouse model of atopic dermatitis in K14-IL-4-Tg/CByB6 mice. The newly described subset of non-IgE-associated (intrinsic/non-allergic) atopic dermatitis in human patients raises the question on the role of IgE in the pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop a non-IgE-associated atopic dermatitis model in K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  K14-IL-4-Tg/CByB6 mice were crossed with SKH1 mice to produce K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice. Phenotypes of clinical and histological, cytokine expression in the skin lesions, and total serum IgE in K14-IL-4-Tg/CByB6 and K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice were compared. The CD40 and CD40L on T and B cells were also studied to differentiate their roles in IgE production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1mice had a normal total serum IgE level and manifested a chronic inflammatory skin phenotype identical to that of K14-IL-4-Tg/CByB6 IgE-mediated mice in clinical morphology, histology, infiltration of mononuclear cells/eosinophils/mast cells, mast cell degranulation, and up-regulation of chronic lesional cytokine mRNA expression of IL-1 beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta. We also found that the inability of CD4(+) T cells of the K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1mice to up-regulate CD40L expression upon stimulation might account for their inability to up-regulate the IgE level. B cell abnormality was ruled out as CD19(+) B cells of K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice synthesized the same amount of IgE in vitro compared with K14-IL-4-Tg/CByB6 mice in the presence of IL-4 and soluble CD40L. Our studies further suggested that the defect of early growth response-1 in T cells might be responsible for the impaired CD40L up-regulation in K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  K14-IL-4-Tg/SKH1 mice developed skin inflammation that resembled human intrinsic atopic dermatitis. Therefore, this model may be suitable to study the pathogenesis of intrinsic atopic dermatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Overbergh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016667:Bacterial Capsules / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology*; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C039514:capsular polysaccharide K14; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E