title: Statistical parametric mapping analysis of the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and symptom clusters of the depressive mood in patients with pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and symptom clusters of depressive mood in pre-dialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients with stage 4-5 CKD were subjected to statistical parametric mapping analysis of brain single-photon emission computed tomography. Correlation analyses between separate symptom clusters of depressive mood and rCBF were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first factor (depressive mood) was negatively correlated with rCBF in the right insula, posterior cingulate gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus, and positively correlated with rCBF in the left fusiform gyrus. The second factor (insomnia) was negatively correlated with rCBF in the right middle frontal gyrus, bilateral cingulate gyri, right insula, right putamen, and right inferior parietal lobule, and positively correlated with rCBF in left fusiform gyrus and bilateral cerebellar tonsils. The third factor (anxiety and psychomotor aspects) was negatively correlated with rCBF in the left inferior frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus, and positively correlated with rCBF in the right ligual gyrus and right parahippocampal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the separate symptom clusters were correlated with specific rCBF patterns similar to those in major depressive disorder patients without CKD. However, some areas with discordant rCBF patterns were also noted when compared with major depressive disorder patients. Further larger scale investigations are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, South Korea. growthkim@daum.net
authors.forename: Seong-Jang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ihm Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kwak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012015:Reference Standards; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C059659:technetium Tc 99m bicisate; D003545:Cysteine