title: Daily tympanometry as a functional measure of middle ear status and Eustachian tube function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tympanometry is a relatively simple method to assess middle ear (ME) status and pressure. Daily, serial tympanometric measurements may contain information on the constitutional efficiency of Eustachian tube function (ETF). A study was conducted to determine family compliance with an effort-intensive protocol that requires daily tympanometry done on each child, daily symptom recording by a parent and weekly visits with study personnel and to abstract measures that summarize the data as they relate to ETF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal 6-month, daily follow-up on 249 children from 123 families by parent-recorded bilateral tympanometry and cold-like illnesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study attrition was minimal with 90% of the enrolled families completing 90% of the study period. Parental compliance with daily tympanometry was less. Overall, 67% of the families were 80% compliant and 51% were 90% compliant. Two measures (aMEP, average middle ear pressure; vMEP, standard deviation of MEP) were evaluated for summaries of the longitudinal tympanometric results. These measures were not bilaterally independent or mutually independent and were affected by cold-burden and age. The best summary measure of constitutional ET efficiency may be a dimensional map of vMEP on aMEP with subsequent subdivision of the dimensional space into zones with functional interpretations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term studies that require daily parental recording of tympanometry and the presence/absence of cold-like illness are feasible. It is expected that compliance with the required procedures can be increased substantially by pre-selection of candidate families. Preliminary data analyses suggest that the longitudinal tympanometric data contains important information on constitutional ETF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winther
authors.forename: Cuneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alper
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003139:Common Cold / Q000453:epidemiology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000502:physiology*; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011312:Pressure