title: Development, characterization, and toxicity evaluation of amphotericin B-loaded gelatin nanoparticles.
abstract: Our aim in the present investigation was to develop a nanoparticulate carrier of amphotericin B (AmB) for controlled delivery as well as reduced toxicity. Nanoparticles of different gelatins (GNPs) (type A or B) were prepared by two-step desolvation method and optimized for temperature, pH, amount of cross-linker, and theoretical drug loading. AmB-loaded GNPs were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PI), shape, morphology, surface charge, drug release, and hemolysis. The developed GNPs (GNP(A300)) were found to be of nanometric size (213 +/- 10 nm), having low PI (0.092 +/- 0.015) and good entrapment efficiency (49.0 +/- 2.9%). All GNPs showed biphasic release characterized by an initial burst followed by controlled release. The in vivo hematological toxicity results suggest nonsignificant reduction (P > .05) in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit. Nephrotoxicity results showed that there was a nonsignificant (P > .05) increase in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. The results confirm that developed GNPs could optimize AmB delivery in terms of cost and safety, and type A gelatin with bloom number 300 was found suitable for such preparation.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, India.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nahar
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Vaibhav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Narendra Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000097:blood; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005780:Gelatin; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005780:Gelatin; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C019946:creatininase