title: Clinical application of 1,5-anhydroglucitol measurements in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha maturity-onset diabetes of the young.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a short-term marker of metabolic control in diabetes. Its renal loss is stimulated in hyperglycemic conditions by glycosuria, which results in a lowered plasma concentration. As a low renal threshold for glucose has been described in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), the 1,5-AG level may be altered in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the 1,5-AG levels in patients with HNF-1alpha MODY and in type 2 diabetic subjects with a similar degree of metabolic control. In addition, we aimed to evaluate this particle as a biomarker for HNF-1alpha MODY.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 33 diabetic patients from the Polish Nationwide Registry of MODY. In addition, we examined 43 type 2 diabetic patients and 47 nondiabetic control subjects. The 1,5-AG concentration was measured with an enzymatic assay (GlycoMark). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate 1,5-AG as a screening marker for HNF-1alpha MODY.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean 1,5-AG plasma concentration in diabetic HNF-1alpha mutation carriers was 5.9 microg/ml, and it was lower than that in type 2 diabetic patients (11.0 microg/ml, P = 0.003) and in nondiabetic control subjects (23.9 microg/ml, P < 0.00005). The ROC curve analysis revealed 85.7% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity of 1,5-AG in screening for HNF-1alpha MODY at the criterion of <6.5 microg/ml in patients with an A1C level between 6.5 and 9.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1,5-AG may be a useful biomarker for differential diagnosis of patients with HNF-1alpha MODY with a specific range of A1C, although this requires further investigation. However, the clinical use of this particle in diabetic HNF-1alpha mutation carriers for metabolic control has substantial limitations.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skupien
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorczynska-Kosiorz
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klupa
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wanic
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sieradzki
authors.forename: Maciej T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Malecki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011044:Poland; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: C496487:HNF1A protein, human; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol; D003847:Deoxyglucose