title: Dissemination of the CTX-M-25 family beta-lactamases among Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae and identification of the novel enzyme CTX-M-41 in Proteus mirabilis in Israel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The CTX-M-25 family of beta-lactamases is a closely related family of enzymes found rarely in the world. We aimed to describe the occurrence and to understand the dissemination of this extended-spectrum beta-lactamase family among Enterobacteriaceae strains in our hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four CTX-M-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains collected from 2000 to 2005 were screened for bla(CTX-M-25) genes by PCR and sequencing. Genetic relatedness was analysed by PFGE. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by VITEK-2. Plasmids encoding bla(CTX-M-25)-type genes were isolated, transformed and analysed by Southern blot using a bla(CTX-M-25) probe. Chromosomal location of bla(CTX-M-25)-type was studied by I-CeuI restriction analysis. The bla(CTX-M-25) genetic environment was characterized by PCR mapping and partial sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten out of 54 CTX-M-producing isolates (18.5%) carried bla(CTX-M-25) genes, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4), Escherichia coli (n = 3), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1) and Proteus mirabilis (n = 2). Isolates were genetically unrelated. Four beta-lactamases were found: CTX-M-25, CTX-M-26, CTX-M-39 and CTX-M-41, a new member of the family (accession no. DQ023162) that differed from CTX-M-25 in three amino acids, Ala80Val, Val106Ile and Ile126Ser. bla(CTX-M-25)-type genes were plasmid-mediated in all genera but P. mirabilis, organized in a class I integron and located downstream of an ISEcp1 element. The genes were encoded on different plasmids with varying degree of similarities. Several antibiotic-resistant determinants conferring resistance to trimethoprim and aminoglycosides existed on the same integron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  bla(CTX-M-25) exists in Israel in different enteric species. Spread of these enzymes within and between species is due to transfer of plasmids with common regions and by dissemination of determinants encoding these genes. CTX-M-41, a novel member of this family, was identified in the chromosome of P. mirabilis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. shiri_nv@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Shiri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navon-Venezia
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chmelnitsky
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Carmeli
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D032023:Integrons; D007557:Israel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases