title: Postoperative cystography and endoscopic treatment of low-grade vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-bulking agents has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgery with a high success rate, especially for low-grade reflux (>90%). Though it is recognized that a routine postoperative voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is unnecessary following a ureteroneocystostomy, most teams perform one after an endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper, we report on our experience with the endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in 72 ureteral units, for whom no routine postoperative cystography was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two children presented with postoperative recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs), which were not correlated with cystography findings. Postoperative VCUGs after a ureteroneocystostomy are invasive and expose the child to radiation, they are associated with a substantial cost, and most of all, they do not allow the identification of those patients at risk of recurrent febrile UTIs. Further, the endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-bulking agents have been used for several years, and numerous studies, set in various clinical settings, have since been published, confirming excellent long-term results for low-grade reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We feel that postoperative cystograms should be reserved for children who present with recurrent UTIs, new sonographic abnormalities, or who were treated for high-grade reflux.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hõpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bordeaux cedex, France. harper_luke@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boutchkova
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lavrand
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergnes
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Semjen
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dobremez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid