Cooperative catalysis by silica-supported organic functional groups.
Hybrid inorganic-organic materials comprising organic functional groups tethered from silica surfaces are versatile, heterogeneous catalysts. Recent advances have led to the preparation of silica materials containing multiple, different functional groups that can show cooperative catalysis; that is, these functional groups can act together to provide catalytic activity and selectivity superior to what can be obtained from either monofunctional materials or homogeneous catalysts. This tutorial review discusses cooperative catalysis of silica-based catalytic materials, focusing on the cooperative action of acid-base, acid-thiol, amine-urea, and imidazole-alcohol-carboxylate groups. Particular attention is given to the effect of the spatial arrangement of these organic groups and recent developments in the spatial organization of multiple groups on the silica surface.
Margelefsky
Eric L
EL
Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
Zeidan
Ryan K
RK
Davis
Mark E
ME
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002384:Catalysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010636:Phenols / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010636:Phenols; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds