title: Trends in antiepileptic drug prescribing for older patients with new-onset epilepsy: 2000-2004.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been shown to be equally efficacious as older seizure medications but with fewer neurotoxic and systemic side effects in the elderly. A growing body of clinical recommendations based on systematic literature review and expert opinion advocate the use of the newer agents and avoidance of phenobarbital and phenytoin. This study sought to determine if changes in practice occurred between 2000 and 2004--a time during which evidence and recommendations became increasingly available.
  
  
  METHODS
  National data from the Veterans Health Administration (VA; inpatient, outpatient, pharmacy) from 1998 to 2004 and Medicare data (1999-2004) were used to identify patients 66 years and older with new-onset epilepsy. Initial AED was the first AED received from the VA. AEDs were categorized into four groups: phenobarbital, phenytoin, standard (carbamazepine, valproate), and new (gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a small reduction in use of phenytoin (70.6% to 66.1%) and phenobarbital (3.2% to 1.9%). Use of new AEDs increased significantly from 12.9% to 19.8%, due primarily to use of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, and topiramate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a growing list of clinical recommendations and guidelines, phenytoin was the most commonly used antiepileptic drug, and there was little change in its use for elderly patients over 5 years. Research further exploring physician and health care system factors associated with change (or lack thereof) will provide better insight into the impact of clinical recommendations on practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System (VERDICT), Audie L. Murphy Division (11C6), 7400 Merton Minter Boulevard, San Antonio, TX 78229-4404, USA. PughM@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: M J V
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van Cott
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Knoefel
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Amuan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabares
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Berlowitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005853:Geriatrics; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants