title: Accuracy of mean arterial pressure and blood pressure measurements in predicting pre-eclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of using systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and increase of blood pressure to predict pre-eclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review with meta-analysis of data on test accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medion, checking reference lists of included articles and reviews, contact with authors. Review methods Without language restrictions, two reviewers independently selected the articles in which the accuracy of blood pressure measurement during pregnancy was evaluated to predict pre-eclampsia. Data were extracted on study characteristics, quality, and results to construct 2x2 tables. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves and likelihood ratios were generated for the various levels and their thresholds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  34 studies, testing 60 599 women (3341 cases of pre-eclampsia), were included. In women at low risk for pre-eclampsia, the areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves for blood pressure measurement in the second trimester were 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.72) for systolic blood pressure, 0.66 (0.59 to 0.72) for diastolic blood pressure, and 0.76 (0.70 to 0.82) for mean arterial pressure. Findings for the first trimester showed a similar pattern. Second trimester mean arterial pressure of 90 mm Hg or more showed a positive likelihood ratio of 3.5 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 5.0) and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.46 (0.16 to 0.75). In women deemed to be at high risk, a diastolic blood pressure of 75 mm Hg or more at 13 to 20 weeks' gestation best predicted pre-eclampsia: positive likelihood ratio 2.8 (1.8 to 3.6), negative likelihood ratio 0.39 (0.18 to 0.71). Additional subgroup analyses did not show improved predictive accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When blood pressure is measured in the first or second trimester of pregnancy, the mean arterial pressure is a better predictor for pre-eclampsia than systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or an increase of blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, Netherlands. j.s.cnossen@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Jeltsje S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cnossen
authors.forename: Karlijn C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Vollebregt
authors.forename: Nynke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Vrieze
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ter Riet
authors.forename: Ben W J
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franx
authors.forename: Khalid S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Joris A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van der Post
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000592:standards*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity