title: In vitro skin permeation evaluation: the only realistic option.
abstract: Increasing requirements for cruelty-free risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of several alternative experimental evaluation strategies. Quantification of the potential dermal absorption of ingredients of cosmetic and other formulations by determination of human skin permeation rates in vitro is particularly relevant. Using modifications of standard in vitro protocols the human skin permeation rates of several cosmetic ingredients and potential contaminants have been determined under conditions designed to mimic consumer use. Skin penetration and permeation of octyl salicylate (a sunscreen), nonylphenol ethoxylates (surfactants) and three nitrosamines (potential contaminants) is discussed. The data demonstrate the usefulness of this technique as a tool in the overall risk assessment of cosmetic formulations.
authors.affiliation: An-eX analytical services Ltd, Redwood Building, King Edward VIIAvenue, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Watkinson
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Brain