title: Incisional surgical infection in heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Incisional surgical site infections (ISSIs) are common bacterial infections in heart transplantation (HT). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, etiology, timing, and risk factors for ISSIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed, which included all heart transplants carried out in the participating hospitals (pertaining to the Spanish National Hospital Network RESITRA) between August 2003 and February 2005. A population of 292 consecutive patients was included (84.9% males). The definition of ISSI used in the study was based on the Centers for Disease Control criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen episodes of ISSIs were recorded in 14 patients (4.8%; confidence interval [CI] 95% 2.7-7.7%). The median time from transplant to ISSI was 14 days (range 3-75). Two patients (14%) died; fatality was related to ISSI (mediastinitis) in 1 patient (7%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (7 cases), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3 cases), Proteus mirabilis, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata, 1 case each, were the isolated pathogens. The duration of extracorporeal circulation was longer in patients with ISSI, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin alone (odds ratio, 15.8; 95% CI, 1.2-216.9) was independently associated with the development of ISSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ISSIs in HT are frequently caused by resistant bacteria and Candida, but are associated with good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. antrammar@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asensio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muñez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torre-Cisneros
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carratalá
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segovia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bou
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aguado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gurgui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents