title: The inhaled Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 protects against allergen-induced acute bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation.
abstract: Recently, we have shown that allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after the early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic reaction in guinea pigs could be reversed acutely by inhalation of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. The present study addresses the effects of pretreatment with inhaled Y-27632 on the severity of the allergen-induced EAR and LAR, the development of AHR after these reactions, and airway inflammation. Using permanently instrumented and unrestrained ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs, single OA challenge-induced EAR and LAR, expressed as area under the lung function (pleural pressure, P(pl)) time-response curve, were measured, and histamine PC(100) (provocation concentration causing a 100% increase of P(pl)) values were assessed 24 h before, and at 6 and 24 h after, the OA challenge (after the EAR and LAR, respectively). Thirty minutes before and 8 h after OA challenge, saline or Y-27632 (5 mM) was nebulized. After the last PC(100) value, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and the inflammatory cell profile was determined. It was demonstrated that inhalation of Y-27632 before allergen challenge markedly reduced the immediate allergen-induced peak rise in P(pl), without significantly reducing the overall EAR and LAR. Also, pretreatment with Y-27632 considerably protected against the development of AHR after the EAR and fully prevented AHR after the LAR. These effects could not be explained by a direct effect of Y-27632 on the histamine responsiveness, because of the short duration of the acute bronchoprotection of Y-27632 (<90 min). In addition, Y-27632 reduced the number of total inflammatory cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and neutrophils recovered from the BAL. Altogether, inhaled Y-27632 protects against acute allergen-induced bronchoconstriction, development of AHR after the EAR and LAR, and airway inflammation in an established guinea pig model of allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. schaafsm@cc.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Dedmer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schaafsma
authors.forename: I Sophie T
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Annet B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zuidhof
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaagsma
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurs
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000485:Allergens / Q000633:toxicity*; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases