title: Inverse association between Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma patients: implications for clinical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP) plays a pivotal role in cancer by regulating apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents, or immune-mediated stimuli and is a metastasis suppressor protein. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is frequently activated in gastric adenocarcinomas, thereby promoting tumor growth. We examined the expression patterns of RKIP and STAT3 with regard to human gastric cancer, predicting that elevated RKIP status may favor clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were created from samples from 143 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas. The microarrays were immunohistochemically stained for RKIP and STAT3, and the intensity and extent of the staining was semiquantitatively scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas, RKIP and STAT3, expression were inversely associated. Cytoplasmic RKIP expression directly correlated with patient survival. Nuclear STAT3 expression inversely correlated with survival. In the diffuse tumor type, no significant correlation was found between RKIP and patient outcome. In the intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, multivariate analysis adjusted for treatment types revealed RKIP and tumor stage to be significant independent predictors of survival. In the diffuse tumor type, stage was the only significant predictor of survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate the predictive and protective role of cytoplasmic RKIP expression in gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal subtype. In contrast, nuclear STAT3 expression is associated with poor patient prognosis in the intestinal subtype. Significantly, we show an inverse association between RKIP and STAT3 and a positive correlation between RKIP and patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA. dchatter@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Devasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Resnick
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049488:Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C511482:PEBP1 protein, human; D049488:Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor