title: Low-fat dairy products and blood pressure: follow-up of 2290 older persons at high cardiovascular risk participating in the PREDIMED study.
abstract: High blood pressure (BP) has been ranked as the most important risk factor worldwide regarding attributable deaths. Dietary habits are major determinants of BP. Among them, frequent intake of low-fat dairy products may protect against hypertension. Our aim was to assess the relationship between low-fat dairy product intake and BP levels and their changes after 12-month follow-up in a cohort of asymptomatic older persons at high cardiovascular risk recruited into a large-scale trial assessing the effects of Mediterranean diets on cardiovascular outcomes. Data from 2290 participants, including 1845 with hypertension, were available for analyses. Dairy products were not a specific part of the intervention; thus, data were analysed as an observational cohort. Dietary information was collected with validated semi-quantitative FFQ and trained personnel measured BP. To assess BP changes, we undertook cross-sectional analyses at baseline and at the end of follow-up and longitudinal analyses. A statistically significant inverse association between low-fat dairy product intake and systolic BP was observed for the 12-month longitudinal analysis. In the longitudinal analysis, the adjusted systolic and diastolic BP were significantly lower in the highest quintile of low-fat dairy product intake (-4.2 (95% CI -6.9, -1.4) and -1.8 (95% CI -3.2, -0.4) mmHg respectively), whereas the point estimates for the difference in diastolic BP indicated a modest non-significant inverse association. Intake of low-fat dairy products was inversely associated with BP in an older population at high cardiovascular risk, suggesting a possible protective effect against hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomez-Gracia
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruíz-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapetra
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conde-Herrera
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sáez
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vinyoles
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats