[Clinical application of robotic tele-manipulation system in stereotactic surgery].
OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical usefulness, accuracy, and safety of tele-manipulation for frameless stereotactic surgery using the CAS-R-5 robot system.


METHODS
We prospectively evaluated 32 patients underwent tele-manipulation of frameless stereotactic operations from Sep. 2005 to Sep. 2006. Tele-manipulations were performed via a digital data network by a neurosurgeon in Beijing while the patients were located in Yan'an. The distance is 1300 kilometers away. The accuracy of location and improvement of symptom were observed after operation. The period of follow-up was from 3 to 14 months (the average was 12 months).


RESULTS
The surgical operations in 32 cases were successful. Remote fiducial registration was performed with a mean accuracy of 1. 50 mm and the standard difference were 0.32 mm between the planned and actual target. There were no complications.


CONCLUSIONS
Diagnosis and treatment for intracranial disease by tele-manipulation frameless stereotactic surgeries are reliable and safe.
Tian
Zeng-Min
ZM
Department of Neurosurgery, Navy General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100037, China. tianzengmin@vip.sina.com
Lu
Wang-Sheng
WS
Wang
Tian-Miao
TM
Liu
Du
D
Chen
Yan
Y
Zhang
Guo-Lai
GL
Zhao
Quan-Jun
QJ
Bai
Mang-Mang
MM
Yin
Feng
F
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome