title: Protein S deficiency: a clinical perspective.
abstract: Protein S (PS) is an extensively studied protein with an important function in the down-regulation of thrombin generation. Because of the presence of a pseudogene and two different forms of PS in plasma, a bound and a free form, it is one of the most difficult thrombophilias to study. A deficiency of PS predisposes subjects to (recurrent) venous thromboembolism (VTE) and foetal loss. However, the conundrum of diagnosing PS deficiency has led to conflicting reports of PS as a risk factor for VTE. In this review, we aim to present a clinical perspective of PS deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haemostasis, Thrombosis, and Rheology, Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D000075202:Contraindications; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000235:genetics*; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D017293:Protein S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018455:Protein S Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001798:Blood Proteins; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; C523390:PROS1 protein, human; D017293:Protein S