title: Radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy versus mediastinal lymph node sampling in patients with clinical stage IA and pathological stage T1 non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the appropriate method of mediastinal lymph node dissection for selected clinical stage IA (cIA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 through 2002, the curative-intent surgery was performed to 105 patients with cIA NSCLC who had been postoperatively identified as pathologic-stage T1. According to the method of intraoperative medistinal lymph node dissection, they were divided into radical systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LA) group (n = 42) and mediastinal lymph-node sampling (LS) group (n = 63). The effects of LS and LA on morbidity, N staging, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated. Also, associations between clinicopathological parameters and survival were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean numbers of dissected lymph nodes per patient in the LA group was significantly greater than that in the LS group (15.59 +/- 3.08 vs. 6.46 +/- 2.21, P < 0.001), and the postoperative overall morbidity rate was higher in the LA group than that in the LS group (26.2 vs. 11.1%, P = 0.045). There were no significant difference in migration of N staging, OS and DFS between two groups. However, for patients with lesions between 2 and 3 cm, the 5-year OS in LA group was significantly higher than that in LS group (81.6 vs. 55.8%, P = 0.041), and the 5-year DFS was also higher (77.9 vs. 52.5%, P = 0.038). For patients with lesions of 2 cm or less, 5-year OS and DFS were similar in both groups. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was the unique unfavorable prognostic factor (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After being intraoperatively identified as stage T1, patients with lesions between 2 and 3 cm in cIA NSCLC should be performed with LA to get a potentially better survival, and patients with lesions of 2 cm or less should be performed with LS to decrease invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Baoliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhongyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Tianyou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome