title: Effect of adhesive systems and bevel on enamel margin integrity in primary and permanent teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the effectiveness of self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems in bonding to the beveled and nonbeveled margins of primary and permanent teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  This in vitro, factorial-designed study allowed evaluation of 3 factors: (1) tooth type; (2) presence of a bevel; and (3) adhesive type. Two preparations, each including a beveled and nonbeveled margin, were completed on buccal surfaces of 60 extracted molars (30 primary and 30 permanent). Preparations were randomly assigned to self-etch or a total-etch adhesive system and restored with resin composite. After thermocycling, teeth were stained with silver nitrate, sectioned, and measured for microleakage. Statistical analysis used a repeated measures analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beveled margins had less microleakage than nonbeveled margins for primary and permanent teeth (P < .001). Total-etch had less microleakage than self-etch adhesives on primary (53% less, P < .001) and on permanent teeth (22% less, P = .01). Self-etch had considerably more microleakage when enamel margins were not beveled. Comparably less microleakage, however, was found for total-etch and self-etch in restorations with beveled margins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total-etch adhesive and beveled margins resulted in the least microleakage. Margin beveling has a greater effect in minimizing microleakage than the type of adhesive used.
authors.affiliation: teko88@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Feigal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tantbirojn
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D016622:Silver Staining; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C511238:Single Bond Plus; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate