title: Evaluation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage (cPARP) in ejaculated human sperm fractions after induction of apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the presence of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(s) (cPARP) in ejaculated spermatozoa and determine cPARP levels following exposure to chemical or oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective pilot study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen specimens were collected, prepared with double-density-gradient centrifugation, and divided into control, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), H(2)O(2) + 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA), staurosporine (STS), and STS + 3-ABA treated groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cleaved PARP and apoptosis markers by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cleaved PARP was detected in both neat and mature fractions. The cPARP levels were similar in both mature and immature spermatozoa. In combined mature and immature fractions, a higher percentage of late apoptotic sperm was seen in STS + 3-ABA versus STS. Higher levels of late apoptotic spermatozoa were seen in immature versus mature fractions within STS and STS + 3-ABA groups. Lower levels of cPARP were seen in immature versus mature fractions in H(2)O(2) and H(2)O(2) + 3-ABA treated groups. Cleaved PARP was related to activated caspase-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cleaved PARP is present in ejaculated human spermatozoa. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors may play a different role in chemical versus oxidative stress-induced sperm damage.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Research Center, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Reda Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Mahfouz
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poenicke
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Paasch
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grunewald
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004542:Ejaculation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; C025160:3-aminobenzamide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D019311:Staurosporine