Help-seeking behaviour for sexual-health concerns: a qualitative study of men in Zimbabwe.
Using data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with adult men in Zimbabwe, this paper explores the decision-making process associated with help-seeking for sexual-health concerns. Help-seeking is located in the complex and dynamic socio-cultural contexts around men's sexualities, masculinities and reproductive health. Pathways to help-seeking include identifying symptoms and the condition, seeking information and advice, and seeking and accessing treatment. Health is grounded in the cultural, spiritual and religious context of Zimbabwean men's lives. Men interpreted sexual-health concerns as due to either natural (disease, psychological stress) or supernatural (displeased ancestral and religious spirits, witchcraft) causes. These interpretations influence their choice of treatment and health service provider. Dominant gender norms of resilience and self-reliance, together with shyness and embarrassment, can delay men's treatment-seeking. The HIV epidemic has made sexual health a more prominent issue in society. However, HIV-related stigma can hinder men's help-seeking for sexual-health concerns (particularly for sexually transmitted infections). Understanding and taking account of these issues in research, health promotion and healthcare services should benefit the sexual health of both men and women.
Pearson
Stephen
S
Nuffield Centre for International Health & Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. S.C.Pearson@leeds.ac.uk
Makadzange
Panganai
P
D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054526:Men's Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012736:Sex Education / Q000379:methods*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015030:Zimbabwe