An update on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of delirium.
OBJECTIVE
Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric complication of medical illness, a medical emergency that needs to be identified and treated vigorously. Delirium is too frequently underdiagnosed and untreated in the medical setting, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality, interference in the management of symptoms such as pain, an increased length of hospitalization, increased health care costs, and distress for patients and their caregivers (Inouye, 2006; Breitbart et al., 2002a, 2002b). In this article, we present an update of the use of antipsychotics in management of delirium based on the available literature and our own clinical experience.


METHODS
We reviewed the current literature on the role of antipsychotics in the management of delirium using standard computer-based search methods (e.g., PubMed).


RESULTS
Antipsychotic medications, including the new atypical antipsychotics, have been demonstrated to effectively manage a wide spectrum of the symptoms of delirium and are an essential component in the multimodal approach to managing delirium.


CONCLUSIONS
The standard approach to managing delirium includes identification and elimination of factors contributing to the delirium in addition to pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment interventions (Trzepacz et al., 1999). Newer atypical antipsychotics can play an important role in the management of the symptoms of delirium.
Alici-Evcimen
Yesne
Y
Department of Psychiatry, Section on Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. yesnea@yahoo.com
Breitbart
William
W
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003693:Delirium / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents