title: Reasons for ineffective contraceptive use antedating adolescent pregnancies part 1: an indicator of gaps in family planning services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify new ways to increase the impact of pregnancy prevention interventions on the number of children born to adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants, a racially/ethnically diverse group of 1,568, pregnant 13-18 year olds, reported why they had not used contraception at the time of conception. Their explanations were sorted into categories. The frequency with which each category was endorsed, the stability of these endorsements (Kappa statistic), and differences between adolescents who endorsed each category (stepwise logistic regression) were examined at two points in gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Not ready to prevent pregnancy" was the most frequently endorsed category; it was often the only category endorsed. Logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception were the least frequently endorsed categories. The reasons individual patients gave for not using contraception changed (K < or = 0.4) during gestation. Yet, adolescents who were not ready to prevent conception consistently differed from those who were; they were more apt to be Hispanic, to live in non-chaotic environments with an adult father of the child rather than their parents, and to have goals compatible with adolescent childbearing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most expedient way to strengthen the impact of pregnancy prevention programs on adolescent childbearing is to shift the focus of intervention from overcoming logistical barriers and misperceptions about the need for contraception, to helping young women develop goals that make adolescent childbearing a threat to what they want in life. This means intervening actively enough to ensure that goal setting translates into an internal desire to postpone childbearing beyond adolescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA. jeanelle.sheeder@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Jeanelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheeder
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tocce
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens-Simon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003120:Colorado; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence