title: The comparative effects of pneumoperitoneum on apoptosis and p53 expression in gastrointestinal organs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgical techniques have been increasingly preferred to classic laparotomy by surgeons since 1987. The pneumoperitoneum is often used to facilitate the intra-abdominal field, but it carries the risk of its ischemic potential and has differences [l2]of metabolic, inflammatory, and infectious consequences, depending on the pressure set and kind of gas used. However, the mechanisms related with the cell injury observed after laparoscopy are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different pressures of CO(2) on apoptosis and p53 expression in small and large intestines and the stomach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in the study. CO(2) is insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity through a angiocatheter cannule by an insufflator set at two different pressures of 10 and 20 mm Hg during 60 minutes. In the control group, the cannule was inserted into the intra-abdominal cavity without any other surgical procedure and no gas was insufflated. After 60 minutes, the rats were sacrificed and a laparotomy was performed. The small and large intestines and stomach were excised. The samples were histologically processed and an immunohistochemical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the study revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in intra-abdominal organs we studied increased in proportion to the CO(2) pressure level. However, the p53 expression was detected only in the stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that the number of apoptotic cells rises in parallel to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure following the CO(2) pneumoperitoneum in rat large and small intestine and stomach. Although the apoptosis was activated by the p53 pathway in the stomach, it was not so in the large and small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, The Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yüksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: Sezgin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saykol
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Söylemez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015870:Gene Expression; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide