title: Incidence of and mortality due to sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock in Italian Pediatric Intensive Care Units: a prospective national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to assess the incidence of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock and their mortality in Italian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective, observational, multi-center, 1-year study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen medical-surgical PICUs participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-thousand and seven hundred and forty-one children (2,741), aged 0-16 years, who were consecutively admitted in the participating PICUs, from 1 March 2004 to 28 February 2005, were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were no interventions in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), severe sepsis and septic shock were collected using criteria defined by Proulx in 1996. Sepsis-related diagnosis was stratified for five age groups (neonates, infant, preschool, school, adolescent) and type of admission (medical, surgical, trauma). The presence of existing comorbidities has been considered for children with and without sepsis diagnosis. The results showed a lower overall incidence of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock (7.9, 1.6 and 2.1%, respectively) if compared with other studies. Children with sepsis diagnosis had a higher morbidity and higher mortality than those without sepsis. Severe sepsis and septic shock had a mortality rate of 17.7 and 50.8%, respectively. Mortality is significantly higher for children with existing comorbidities than those without existing comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Septic shock mortality is still high in Italian PICUs and attempts to improve medical treatment are necessary. We suggest that application of the new definitions for sepsis diagnosis and diffusion of guidelines for early recognition and aggressive treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in Italy represent a high priority to reduce mortality.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The descriptor is pediatrics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital Vittore Buzzi, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154, Milano, Italy. andrea.wolfler@icp.mi.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfler
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silvani
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musicco
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salvo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality*