title: Review of small rural health services in Victoria: how does the nursing-medical division of labour affect access to emergency care?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is based on a review of the Australian and International literature relating to the nursing-medical division of labour. It also explores how the division of labour affects patient access to emergency care in small rural health services in Victoria, Australia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The paper describes the future Australian health workforce and the implications for rural Victoria. The concept of division of labour and how it relates to nursing and medicine is critically reviewed. Two forms of division of labour emerge - traditional and negotiated division of labour. Key themes are drawn from the literature that describes the impact of a traditional form of division of labour in a rural context.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper is based on a review of the Australian and international literature, including grey literature, on the subject of rural emergency services, professional boundaries and roles, division of labour, professional relationships and power and the Australian health workforce.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Australia, the contracting workforce means that traditional divisions of labour between health professionals cannot be sustained without reducing access to emergency care in rural Victoria. A traditional division of labour results in rural health services that are vulnerable to slight shifts in the medical workforce, unsafe services and recruitment and retention problems. A negotiated form of division of labour provides a practical alternative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A division of labour that is negotiated between doctors and nurses and supported by a legal and clinical governance framework, is needed to support rural emergency services. The published evidence suggests that this situation currently does not exist in Victoria. Strategies are offered for creating and supporting a negotiated division of labour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper offers some strategies for establishing a negotiated division of labour between doctors and nurses in rural emergency care.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Queensland, Qld, Australia. brownsullivan@itaus.com
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Desley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hegney
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008507:Medically Underserved Area; D017008:Negotiating / Q000523:psychology; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D011209:Power, Psychological; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012449:Safety; D014739:Victoria