title: Pregnant women's cognitive concept concerning their unborn prior to prenatal diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined pregnant women's expectations concerning their unborn babies prior to prenatal diagnosis and also the possible correlations with emotional characteristics such as anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The consecutive sampling consisted of 324 pregnant women presenting themselves between the 11th and 29th weeks of pregnancy for detection of foetal anomalies. The pregnant women noted their thoughts and expectations concerning their unborn using a choice of 18 adjectives in a 5-point Likert scale in a standardized questionnaire. Anxiety was recorded with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and depression with a depression scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By means of factor analysis (analysis of the main components by varimax rotation), it was possible to determine 4 factors (inherent value criterion >1) from the 18 items (adjectives). Those 4 factors indicate a total of 58.3% of the variance. The first factor scale, well-being, is characterized by 4 items, 'happy', 'glad', 'carefree' and 'light-hearted'. The second factor scale, nervous, is identified mainly by the items 'fidgety', 'excitable', 'restless' and 'excited'. The third factor scale, passive, is marked by the items 'anxious', 'disheartened' and 'sleepy'. The fourth factor scale, vulnerable, is indicated by 3 items, 'in need of protection', 'vulnerable' and 'clinging'. Scales 1, 2 and 3 gave evidence of significant correlations with trait intensity in the state and trait anxiety scale and in the scale for the assessment of depressive mood prior to prenatal diagnosis and state anxiety after prenatal diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The individual characteristics and attributes of the unborn child are differentiated prior to prenatal diagnosis. There is most certainly a link between the well-being of the pregnant woman and the effect it has on the emotional characteristics of her unborn child.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany. Kowalcek@t-online.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalcek
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000523:psychology*