[Evaluation of target-group oriented interventions aimed at reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness].
OBJECTIVE
To provide a systematic review of target-group oriented interventions aimed at reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness.


METHODS
An electronic literature search was carried out based on PubMed. In addition, the reference lists of included studies were examined and other sources like the internet were used.


RESULTS
51 studies could be identified, over half of them being targeted at school students. There was a large variation in the format of the various interventions. One half of interventions were based exclusively on education, the other half on a combination of education with contact with someone with a mental disorder. The vast majority of studies reported positive intervention effects. However, in several studies the effect did not persist over a time period of a few months. It appears easier to improve knowledge or to change misconceptions of mental disorders than to reduce the tendency to distance oneself from people with mental illness. When directly comparing the effect of interventions based exclusively on education with those combining education with facilitating contact with people with mental disorders, the latter proved more effective.


CONCLUSIONS
A remarkable number of targeted interventions aimed at reducing the stigma attached to mental illness have been carried out. However, due to methodological limitations no definite assessment of the effect of these interventions is possible at the present time. There is a pressing need for research that adheres more closely to the methodological standards of evaluation research.
Holzinger
Anita
A
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Osterreich. anita.holzinger@meduniwien.ac.at
Dietrich
Sandra
S
Heitmann
Sabine
S
Angermeyer
Matthias
M
D001317:Austria; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011287:Prejudice; D012929:Psychological Distance; D011639:Public Opinion