title: Risk of low Apgar score and socioeconomic position: a study of Swedish male births.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic position and a persistent low Apgar score (a score of < 7 at 1 and 5 min following birth).
  
  
  METHODS
  The research is based on a population cohort study of 183,637 males born in Sweden between 1973 and 1976. Data from the Medical Birth Register were linked to Population and Housing Censuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was evidence that mothers working in non-manual (Odds ratio (OR) 0.83 (0.72-0.97)) and self-employed (OR 0.64 (0.44-0.93)) occupations were less likely to have an infant with a low Apgar score, compared to manual workers. There was evidence that the risk of a low Apgar score decreased as the mother's level of education increased, if the infant was born by instrumental (OR 0.86 (0.74-0.99)) or caesarean section (OR 0.80 (0.68-0.93)) delivery, but not by unassisted vaginal delivery (OR 1.01 (0.92-1.10)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a lower risk of poor birth condition in male infants born to more educated and non-manual/self-employed mothers. These differences may contribute to our understanding of socioeconomic differences in infant health and development although the results may not be applicable due to changes over the last 30 years.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Science at North Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. david.odd@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Odd
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunnell
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whitelaw
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden