title: Occurrence of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters in human breast milk.
abstract: A series of twelve breast milk samples were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) operated in selected ion monitoring mode for 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD). Whilst none of the samples contained 3-MCPD above the limit of detection of 3 microg kg(-1) milk, all contained high amounts of 3-MCPD esterified with higher fatty acids. The levels of 3-MCPD released by hydrolysis of these esters (bound 3-MCPD) ranged from the limit of detection (300 microg kg(-1), expressed on a fat basis) to 2195 microg kg(-1); with a mean level of bound 3-MCPD of 1014 microg kg(-1), which corresponded to 35.5 microg kg(-1) milk. The presence of bound 3-MCPD was confirmed using orthogonal gas chromatography coupled with high-speed time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis for four randomly selected breast milk samples. Six breast milks collected from one of the nursing mothers 14-76 days after childbirth contained bound 3-MCPD within the range of 328-2078 microg kg(-1) fat (mean 930 microg kg(-1) fat). The calculated bound 3-MCPD content of these samples was within the range of 6 and 19 microg kg(-1) milk (mean of 12 microg kg(-1) milk). The major types of 3-MCPD esters were the symmetric diesters with lauric, palmitic, and oleic acids, and asymmetric diesters with palmitic acid/oleic acid among which 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol 1,2-dioleate prevailed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zelinková
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Novotný
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schůrek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Velísek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hajslová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolezal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin