title: Learning how we learn: an ethnographic study in a neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a study to identify how nurse clinicians learn with and from each other in the workplace.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicians' everyday practices and interactions with each other have recently been targeted as areas of research, because it is there that quality of care and patient safety are achieved. Orientation of new nurses and doctors into a specialty unit often results in stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ethnographic approach was used, including a 12-month period of fieldwork observations involving participation and in-depth interviews with nurse, doctor and allied health clinicians in their workplace. The data were collected in 2005-2006 in a paediatric teaching hospital in Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings were grouped into four dimensions: orientation of nurses, orientation of medical registrars, preceptoring and decision-making. The orientation of new staff (nursing and medical) is a complex and multi-layered process which accommodates multiple kinds of learning, in addition to formal learning. Workplace learning also can be informal, incidental, interpersonal and interactive. Interactive and interpersonal learning and the transfer of knowledge include codified and tacit knowledge as well as intuitive understandings of 'how we do things here'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Research into how nurses learn is crucial for illuminating learning that is non-formal and less recognized than more formal kinds. To provide a safe practice environment built on a foundation of knowledge and best practice, there needs to be an allocation of time in the busy workday for learning and reflection.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. cynthia.hunter@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Cynthia Louise
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Kaye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iedema
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001315:Australia; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education*; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000193:education*; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000193:education*; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D017132:Workplace