title: Genetic homogeneity of Clostridium botulinum type A1 strains with unique toxin gene clusters.
abstract: A group of five clonally related Clostridium botulinum type A strains isolated from different sources over a period of nearly 40 years harbored several conserved genetic properties. These strains contained a variant bont/A1 with five nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the gene in C. botulinum strain ATCC 3502. The strains also had a common toxin gene cluster composition (ha-/orfX+) similar to that associated with bont/A in type A strains containing an unexpressed bont/B [termed A(B) strains]. However, bont/B was not identified in the strains examined. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated identical genomic content among the strains relative to C. botulinum strain ATCC 3502. In addition, microarray data demonstrated the absence of several genes flanking the toxin gene cluster among the ha-/orfX+ A1 strains, suggesting the presence of genomic rearrangements with respect to this region compared to the C. botulinum ATCC 3502 strain. All five strains were shown to have identical flaA variable region nucleotide sequences. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the strains were indistinguishable when digested with SmaI, and a shift in the size of at least one band was observed in a single strain when digested with XhoI. These results demonstrate surprising genomic homogeneity among a cluster of unique C. botulinum type A strains of diverse origin.
authors.affiliation: Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. braphael@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Raphael
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luquez
authors.forename: Loretta M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McCroskey
authors.forename: Lavin A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maslanka
authors.forename: Joanne D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Andreadis
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000235:genetics*; D047013:Clostridium botulinum type A / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005408:Flagellin / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005810:Multigene Family; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005408:Flagellin; C067138:flaA protein, bacteria; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A