title: Ejaculatory duct manometry in normal men and in patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ejaculatory duct obstruction is a treatable cause of male infertility but the diagnosis can be difficult to make. Transrectal ultrasound is valuable but not specific for ejaculatory duct obstruction. Adjunctive procedures, such as chromotubation and seminal vesicle aspiration, are more sensitive but not definitive, especially for partial obstruction. We describe what is to our knowledge a new hydraulic test and report its ability to identify physical and functional ejaculatory duct obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of men were studied, including patients with infertility or ejaculatory pain in whom ejaculatory duct obstruction was suspected and fertile men undergoing vasectomy reversal (controls). In each cohort ejaculatory duct injection and manometry were performed. Patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction underwent transurethral ejaculatory duct resection based on routine criteria. Pressure was reassessed after resection. Manometry pressures were compared between controls and patients with ejaculatory duct obstruction, and correlated with the response to transurethral ejaculatory duct resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 7 controls (14 sides) mean ejaculatory duct opening pressure was 33.2 cm H(2)O. In the 9 patients (17 sides) with suspected ejaculatory duct obstruction mean ejaculatory duct opening pressure before transurethral ejaculatory duct resection was 116 cm H(2)O. In the 6 patients who underwent resection, which was unilateral and bilateral in 3 each, mean ejaculatory duct opening pressure decreased from 118 to 53 cm H(2)O. Of the 5 patients who underwent semen analyses before and after resection 80% showed an increase in ejaculate volume and/or at least 100% improvement in TMC (volume x concentration x motile fraction).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ejaculatory duct manometry with baseline values defined in fertile men demonstrates that men with clinically suspected ejaculatory duct obstruction have higher ejaculatory duct opening pressure than fertile men and ejaculatory duct pressure decreases after transurethral ejaculatory duct resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1695, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Maurice M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Turek
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004543:Ejaculatory Ducts; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies