title: Angina pectoris is a stronger indicator of diffuse vascular atherosclerosis than intermittent claudication: Framingham study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare implications of Angina Pectoris (AP) and Intermittent Claudication (IC) as indicators of clinical atherosclerosis in other vascular territories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 5,209 men and women of Framingham, MA, aged 28-62 years at enrollment in 1948-1951, who received biennial examinations during the first 36 years of follow-up. Comparative 10-year incidence of subsequent atherosclerotic CVD in participants with IC and AP relative to a reference sample free of CVD was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On follow-up, 95 CVD events occurred in 186 participants with IC and 206 of 413 with AP. After age, sex, and risk-factor adjustment, the proportion acquiring other CVD was 34.0% for IC and 43.4% for AP. Relative to the reference sample, those with IC had a 2.73-fold higher age and sex-adjusted 10-year hazard of CVD (95% CI 2.21, 3.38) and for AP was 3.17 (95% CI 2.73, 3.69). CVD hazard ratios remained more elevated for AP and statistically significant after standard risk factor adjustment. Risk factors accounted for more of the excess CVD risk associated with IC (34.8%) than AP (9.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP is as useful as IC as a hallmark of diffuse atherosclerotic CVD and an indication for comprehensive preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA. billkannel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Kannel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D019722:Sphygmomanometers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data