title: Effects of bites by the European adder (Vipera berus) in seven Swedish horses.
abstract: The effects on seven horses of bites by the European adder (Vipera berus) are described and compared with previously available information. The clinical signs varied from local swelling and mild systemic signs to severe systemic signs, including systemic inflammatory response, severe tissue necrosis, ventricular tachycardia and dysphagia. Two of the horses were treated with 'Zagreb' antiserum, and three that were not treated with antiserum were euthanased owing to complications related to the bites.
authors.affiliation: Strömsholm Regional Equine Hospital, Djursjukhusvägen 11, 734 94 Strömsholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Anlén
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D013548:Sweden; D017819:Viperidae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000997:Antivenins