title: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection following primary maternal infection in the third trimester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the third trimester on fetal outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four perinatal departments in tertiary hospitals in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight women with primary CMV infection acquired after 25 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal evaluation included amniocentesis and ultrasonographic examinations. Maternal infection was determined from seroconversion and presence of low avidity anti-CMV immunoglobulin G after 25 weeks of gestation. Fetal CMV infection was diagnosed from CMV isolated or CMV DNA amplified from the amniotic fluid. Neonatal infection was established from CMV presence in their urine or anti-CMV IgM was in their peripheral blood immediately after birth. All liveborn neonates underwent cerebral ultrasonography, hearing assessment, and psychomotor development evaluation. Infected neonates were followed up for a median of 36 months (range 6-36 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intrauterine CMV infection and neonatal CMV disease throughout follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vertical transmission of CMV was documented in 21 (75%) of the 28 pregnancies. None of the 20 live infected newborn had symptomatic congenital infection. One pregnancy was terminated at 34 weeks following evidence of prenatal infection. Most of the patients (75%) had CMV serology test due to clinical signs of CMV disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CMV infection during the third trimester of pregnancy is highly transmissible, sequelae were not found among infected offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel. gindesl@zahav.net.il
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gindes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teperberg-Oikawa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rahav
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000151:congenital* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M