title: Candida colonization and candidemia in a pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate role of Candida colonization in development of candidemia and to identify risk factors associated with Candida colonization and candidemia in children treated for severe sepsis or septic shock in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for >5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational.
  
  
  METHODS
  PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 186 children, aged 1 month to 14 yrs, consecutively admitted to PICU for severe sepsis or septic shock, 65 patients having a stay of >5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and demographic data at admission and variables likely to influence Candida colonization were recorded. Oropharyngeal, rectal, and skin (groin) swabs were taken on days 0, 2, 5, and 7 of admission. Blood for fungal culture (two samples 48 hrs apart) was obtained if a patient developed signs of sepsis. The yeast growth was identified by conventional methods. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colonization by Candida species occurred in 45 (69%) patients. Oropharyngeal (52%) and rectal (43%) colonization was more common than skin (34%) colonization. The colonizing species were C. tropicalis (34.2%), C. parapsilosis (28.8%), C. albicans (14.4%), and others. Use of central venous catheters was the only independent predictor of colonization on multivariate logistic regression (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.01-17.1). Twenty (30.2%) patients developed candidemia; 18 (90%) of them were colonized, 15 (75%) with the same Candida species. Independent predictors of candidemia on multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis were presence of colonization (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.01-25.6, p = .048) and Pediatric Risk of Mortality score (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.02-1.6, p = .034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring for colonization with Candida species in children undergoing treatment for severe sepsis or sepsis shock in PICU for >5 days may offer opportunity for early intervention for prevention of candidemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. sunit.singhi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sunit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhi
authors.forename: D S V Raman
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Arunalok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002175:Candida / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index