title: Hypercontractility and impaired sildenafil relaxations in the BKCa channel deletion model of erectile dysfunction.
abstract: Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be elicited by a variety of pathogenic factors, particularly impaired formation of and responsiveness to nitric oxide (NO) and the downstream effectors soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKGI). One important target of PKGI in smooth muscle is the large-conductance, Ca2+ -activated potassium (BKCa) channel. In our previous report (42), we demonstrated that deletion of the BKCa channel in mice induced force oscillations and led to reduced nerve-evoked relaxations and ED. In the current study, we used this ED model to explore the role of the BKCa channel in the NO/sGC/PKGI pathway. Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle strips were significantly enhanced in the absence of BKCa channel function. In strips precontracted with phenylephrine, EFS-induced relaxations were converted to contractions by inhibition of sGC, and this was further enhanced by loss of BK channel function. Sildenafil-induced relaxations were decreased to a similar extent by inhibition of sGC or BKCa channels. At concentrations >1 microM, sildenafil caused relaxations independent of inhibition of sGC or BKCa channels. Sildenafil did not affect the enhanced force oscillations that were induced by the loss of BKCa channel function. Yet, these oscillations could be completely eliminated by blocking L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs). These results suggest that therapeutically relevant concentrations of sildenafil act through cGMP and BKCa channels, and loss of BKCa channel function leads to hypercontractility, which depends on VDCCs and cannot be modified by the cGMP pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Endocrine Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Matthias.Werner@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matthias E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Meredith
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Aldrich
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051037:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C530995:BKCa protein, mouse; D015220:Calcium Channels; D051037:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D006152:Cyclic GMP