title: Improvement of glycemic control and quality-of-life by insulin lispro therapy: Assessing benefits by ITR-QOL questionnaires.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of insulin lispro on patients' quality of life (QOL) in diabetic patients who need insulin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this open-label, 12-week study 770 diabetic patients whose medications were switched to insulin lispro from human insulin were evaluated. Main outcome measures were compliance with insulin injection timing, HbA(1c), postprandial blood glucose, frequency and time of onset of hypoglycemia, and QOL measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After switching to insulin lispro, approximately 95% of patients "Always" or "Usually" complied with the timing of insulin injections as instructed by their physician. HbA(1c) was improved from 8.2 to 7.8% without increasing the number of hypoglycemic episodes. In terms of QOL, statistically significant improvements were observed in the insulin-therapy-related QOL measure questionnaire (ITR-QOL) total score. Statistically significant correlations were found between compliance with insulin injection timing and glycemic control, as well as glycemic control and QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improvement in patient convenience obtained by switching to insulin lispro provided better compliance with insulin injection timing, and this in turn led to better glycemic control and improved QOL. Especially, a better QOL was seen to be clearly related with better glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, 200, Mishimacho, Tenri, Nara 632-8552, Japan. hit@tenriyorozu-hp.or.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Ayuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro