title: Cytotoxicity of the dental composite component TEGDMA and selected metabolic by-products in human pulmonary cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The comonomer triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a commonly used constituent of resin-based dental materials. Upon placement, light-cured dental polymers may release a wide spectrum of residual compounds due to incomplete monomer-conversion during polymerization. Apart from liberating unreacted monomers, additional compound release might occur due to mechanical wear and enzymatic degradation on the salivary surface of resin fillings. Following delivery into the local bio phase, leached compounds may encounter a variety of different enzymes, which might be present in their oral or systemic environment. Metabolic by-products formerly associated with TEGDMA-degradation include triethylene glycol (TEG), methacrylic acid (MA), 2,3-epoxymethacrylic acid (2,3-EMA), and formaldehyde.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicitiy of TEGDMA-derived intermediates was measured as mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity assessed by colorimetric measurement of formazan formation as a cleavage-product from the tetrazolium salt XTT by metabolically active A549 cells. EC(50)-values were calculated by using curve fitting software (GraphPad Prism).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following EC(50)-values (mmol/L) (95% confidence interval) were obtained: 2,3-EMA 1.65 (1.28-2.13), TEGDMA 1.83 (1.46-2.30), MA 4.91 (4.22-5.71), and paraformaldehyde (PFA) 5.48 (4.56-6.58). For TEG no cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 10mM could be found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The epoxy compound 2,3-EMA induced comparable toxic effects as the raw comonomer TEGDMA. It is therefore concluded that the formation of toxic intermediates might significantly contribute to TEGDMA-induced cytotoxicity in human pulmonary cells.
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany. judithemmler@bundeswehr.org
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emmler
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seiss
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreppel
authors.forename: Franz X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Reichl
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickel
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kehe
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000633:toxicity; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011108:Polymers / Q000633:toxicity; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: C519317:2,3-epoxymethacrylic acid; D003188:Composite Resins; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C008384:methacrylic acid; D005557:Formaldehyde; C028914:triethylene glycol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C003043:paraform