title: Increased seroreactivity to glioma-expressed antigen 2 in brain tumor patients under radiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery and radiation are the mainstays of therapy for human gliomas that are the most common primary brain tumors. Most recently, cell culture and animal studies provided the first convincing evidence that radiation not only eliminates tumor cells, but also modulates the immune response and likely improves anti-tumor immunotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present an in vivo study that analyzes the effects of radiation on the immune response in tumor patients. As readout system, we utilized the reactivity of glioma patients' sera against antigen GLEA2 as the most frequent antigen immunogenic in glioblastoma patients. We established an ELISA assay to analyze reactivity of 24 glioblastoma patients over a period of several months. As control we used 30 sera from healthy donors as well as 30 sera from lung cancer patients. We compared the course of GLEA2 seroreactivity at different times prior, during and after radiation. The GLEA2 seroreactivity was increased by the time of surgery, decreased after surgery, increased again under radiation, and slightly decreased after radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide in vivo evidence for an increased antibody response against tumor antigens under radiation. Antigens that become immunogenic with an increased antibody response as result of radiation can serve as ideal targets for immunotherapy of human tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Heisel
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ketter
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pallasch
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lenhof
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018411:Spodoptera; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C440091:PHF20 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors