Convergent evidence identifying MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 (MARK1) as a susceptibility gene for autism.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable, but genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions. We recently defined a susceptibility locus for ASDs on chromosome 1q41-q42. High-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphisms (126 SNPs) genotyping across the chromosome 1q41-q42 region, followed by a MARK1 (microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1)-tagged-SNP association study in 276 families with autism from the Autism Genetic Research Exchange, showed that several SNPs within the MARK1 gene were significantly associated with ASDs by transmission disequilibrium tests. Haplotype rs12740310*C-rs3737296*G-rs12410279*A was overtransmitted (P(corrected)= 0.0016), with a relative risk for autism of 1.8 in homozygous carriers. Furthermore, ASD-associated SNP rs12410279 modulates the level of transcription of MARK1. We found that MARK1 was overexpressed in the prefrontal cortex (BA46) but not in cerebellar granule cells, on postmortem brain tissues from patients. MARK1 displayed an accelerated evolution along the lineage leading to humans, suggesting possible involvement of this gene in cognition. MARK1 encodes a kinase-regulating microtubule-dependent transport in axons and dendrites. Both overexpression and silencing of MARK1 resulted in significantly shorter dendrite length in mouse neocortical neurons and modified dendritic transport speed. As expected for a gene encoding a key polarity determinant Par-1 protein kinase, MARK1 is involved in axon-dendrite specification. Thus, MARK1 overexpression in humans may be responsible for subtle changes in dendritic functioning.
Maussion
Gilles
G
INSERM U675, IFR2, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Paris, France.
Carayol
Jérôme
J
Lepagnol-Bestel
Aude-Marie
AM
Tores
Frédéric
F
Loe-Mie
Yann
Y
Milbreta
Ulla
U
Rousseau
Francis
F
Fontaine
Karine
K
Renaud
Julie
J
Moalic
Jean-Marie
JM
Philippi
Anne
A
Chedotal
Alain
A
Gorwood
Philip
P
Ramoz
Nicolas
N
Hager
Jörg
J
Simonneau
Michel
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D003712:Dendrites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport
C105547:MARK1 protein, human; C531338:MARK1 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases