title: Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal intensity of renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury is controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and failure of at least one nonrenal organ or sepsis to receive intensive or less intensive renal-replacement therapy. The primary end point was death from any cause by day 60. In both study groups, hemodynamically stable patients underwent intermittent hemodialysis, and hemodynamically unstable patients underwent continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration or sustained low-efficiency dialysis. Patients receiving the intensive treatment strategy underwent intermittent hemodialysis and sustained low-efficiency dialysis six times per week and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration at 35 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour; for patients receiving the less-intensive treatment strategy, the corresponding treatments were provided thrice weekly and at 20 ml per kilogram per hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline characteristics of the 1124 patients in the two groups were similar. The rate of death from any cause by day 60 was 53.6% with intensive therapy and 51.5% with less-intensive therapy (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.40; P=0.47). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the duration of renal-replacement therapy or the rate of recovery of kidney function or nonrenal organ failure. Hypotension during intermittent dialysis occurred in more patients randomly assigned to receive intensive therapy, although the frequency of hemodialysis sessions complicated by hypotension was similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury did not decrease mortality, improve recovery of kidney function, or reduce the rate of nonrenal organ failure as compared with less-intensive therapy involving a defined dose of intermittent hemodialysis three times per week and continuous renal-replacement therapy at 20 ml per kilogram per hour. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00076219.)
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Palevsky
authors.forename: Jane Hongyuan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Theresa Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Glenn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chertow
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Devasmita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Finkel
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kellum
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.forename: Roland M H
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schein
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: B Taylor
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Anitha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watnick
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Star
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peduzzi
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D017583:Hemodiafiltration / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome