title: Relationship between risk information on total colonoscopy and patient preferences for colorectal cancer screening options: analysis using the analytic hierarchy process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is the preferred program for colorectal cancer screening in Japan, many medical institutions have recently begun to provide total colonoscopy (TCS) as an initial screening program. However, there are a number of severe risks associated with TCS, such as colorectal bleeding and perforation. The justification for performing such a procedure on healthy patients remains unclear. We used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to investigate whether risk information on TCS affects patient preferences for colorectal cancer screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a questionnaire survey using an AHP decision-making model, targeting 285 people aged 40-59 years. We randomly assigned the subjects into Groups A (n = 146) and B (n = 139). Both groups were provided with information on the effectiveness, cost and disadvantages of the two screening programs. Group A was provided with additional information regarding the risks of TCS. Individual priorities were calculated with pair-wise comparisons between the two alternatives in each selection criteria. The influence of the risk information was analyzed using a logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aggregated priorities in Group A for 'effectiveness', 'costs', and 'risks' were 0.603, 0.147, and 0.250, respectively, while those in Group B were 0.652, 0.149, and 0.199, respectively. A logistic regression analysis showed that the provision of risk information significantly reduced the subjects' priorities for TCS (p = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of risk information was related to the differences in priorities assigned to effectiveness and risks of the two procedures. Patients must be well informed before making decisions concerning their preferred colorectal cancer screening procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ykatsumura-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsumura
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003113:Colonoscopy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000191:economics; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires