title: Letting the CAT out of the bag: comparing computer adaptive tests and an 11-item short form of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire.
abstract: METHODS
  A post hoc simulation of a computer adaptive administration of the items of a modified version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive administration of back pain-related disability items compared with a fixed 11-item short form.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Short form versions of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire have been developed. An alternative to paper-and-pencil short forms is to administer items adaptively so that items are presented based on a person's responses to previous items. Theoretically, this allows precise estimation of back pain disability with administration of only a few items.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered from 2 previously conducted studies of persons with back pain. An item response theory model was used to calibrate scores based on all items, items of a paper-and-pencil short form, and several computer adaptive tests (CATs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between each CAT condition and scores based on a 23-item version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire ranged from 0.93 to 0.98. Compared with an 11-item short form, an 11-item CAT produced scores that were significantly more highly correlated with scores based on the 23-item scale. CATs with even fewer items also produced scores that were highly correlated with scores based on all items. For example, scores from a 5-item CAT had a correlation of 0.93 with full scale scores. Seven- and 9-item CATs correlated at 0.95 and 0.97, respectively. A CAT with a standard-error-based stopping rule produced scores that correlated at 0.95 with full scale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A CAT-based back pain-related disability measure may be a valuable tool for use in clinical and research contexts. Use of CAT for other common measures in back pain research, such as other functional scales or measures of psychological distress, may offer similar advantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. karonc2@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Karon F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Seung W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Deyo
authors.forename: Kurt L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amtmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002138:Calibration; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*