title: Characterization of benign and malignant solid breast masses in harmonic 3D power Doppler imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors assessed the characteristics of benign and malignant solid breast tumors in harmonic three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler imaging and proposed decision models to classify benign and malignant breast tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 86 malignant and 97 benign harmonic 3D power Doppler US images were analyzed. All the harmonic 3D power Doppler images were obtained using a Voluson730 US system (GE, Zipf, Austria) equipped with a RSP 6-12 transducer and tissue harmonic imaging modalities. Imaging analysis was performed using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided Analysis (VOCAL)-imaging program. Histogram indices, the vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization-flow index (VFI), were calculated for the intra-tumor and for shells with an outside thickness of 3mm surrounding the breast tumors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to estimate the diagnostic performances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that the choice of decision model comprised the parameters of patient age, intra-tumor VI, and tumor volume to classify benign and malignant breast tumors. The area under the ROC curve (Az) was 0.910, accuracy was 81.4%, and sensitivity and specificity were 81.4% and 81.4%, respectively. The parameter intra-tumor VI was the choice for all of the histogram indices in differentiating between malignant and benign lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decision model, which was composed of patient age, tumor volume and intra-tumor VI, and a cut-off value for intra-tumor VI at the upper end of patient age and tumor volume, was recommended in clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Yu-Len
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shou-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Wen-Miin
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Shou-Tong
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dar-Ren
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult