title: Wnt signaling inhibits Forkhead box O3a-induced transcription and apoptosis through up-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1.
abstract: In human cancers, mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway lead to beta-catenin stabilization and result in augmented gene transcription. HCT116 colon cancer cells carry stabilizing mutations in beta-catenin and exhibit an elevated activation of Wnt signaling. To clarify the role of an overactive Wnt signaling, we used DNA microarray analysis to search for genes whose expression is up-regulated after knockdown of the wild type adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor in HCT116 cells, which further enhances Wnt signaling activation. Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) was among the most up-regulated genes following APC knockdown through small interfering RNA. Up-regulation of SGK1 in response to small interfering RNA against APC was inhibited by concomitant knockdown of beta-catenin. Quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that SGK1 is a direct beta-catenin target gene. SGK1 negatively regulates the pro-apoptotic transcription factor Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) via phosphorylation and exclusion from the nucleus. We show that Wnt signaling activation results in FoxO3a exclusion from the nucleus and inhibits expression of FoxO3a target genes. Importantly, FoxO3a mutants that fail to be phosphorylated and therefore are regulated by SGK1 are not influenced by activation of Wnt signaling. In line, knockdown of SGK1 relieves the effects of Wnt signaling on FoxO3a localization and FoxO3a-dependent transcription. Finally, we show that induction of Wnt signaling inhibits FoxO3a-induced apoptosis. Collectively our results indicate that evasion of apoptosis is another feature employed by an overactive Wnt signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine II, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen, Glueckstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dehner
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadjihannas
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiske
authors.forename: Otmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behrens
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human