Cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep-related breathing disorders.
Obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea are burgeoning sleep-related breathing disorders within the general population. Most of the associated comorbidities and causes of these sleep disorders are known to negatively impact cardiorespiratory fitness; however, little is known about the direct relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea. This article provides a systematic analysis of existing peer reviewed, published clinical studies pertaining to the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep-related breathing disorders in adults. A brief description of each sleep disorder, the pathophysiology, its epidemiology and its implications for cardiorespiratory fitness are provided. Finally, we discuss therapy for each disorder and its effect on the cardiovascular system.
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W. 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. tvanhecke@gmail.com
Thomas E
TE
Vanhecke
Barry A
BA
Franklin
Steven C
SC
Ajluni
R Bart
RB
Sangal
Peter A
PA
McCullough
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012913:Snoring; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome