The effect of patient choice of intervention on health outcomes.
BACKGROUND
Patient preference may influence intervention effects, but has not been extensively studied. Randomized controlled design (N=1075) assessed outcomes when women (60 years+) were given a choice of two formats of a program to enhance heart disease management.


METHODS
Randomization to "no choice" or "choice" study arms. Further randomization of "no choice" to: 1) Group intervention program format, 2) Self-Directed program format, 3) Control Group. "Choice" arm selected their preferred program format. Baseline, four, twelve, and eighteen month follow-up data were collected. Two analyses: health outcomes for choice compared to being randomized; and preference effect on treatment efficacy.


RESULTS
Women who chose a format compared to being assigned a format had better psychosocial functioning at four months (p=0.02) and tended toward better physical functioning at twelve months (p=0.07). At eighteen months women who chose versus being assigned a format had more symptoms measured as: number (p=0.004), frequency (p=0.006) and bother (p=0.004). At four months women who preferred the Group format had better psychosocial functioning when assigned the Group format than when they were assigned the Self-Directed format (p=0.03). At eighteen months women preferring a Group format had more symptoms: number (p=0.001), frequency (p=0.001), bother (p=0.001) when assigned the Group format than when assigned the Self-Directed format.


CONCLUSIONS
Choice and preference for the Group format each enhanced psychosocial and physical functioning up to one year. Despite the preference for Group format, over the longer term (eighteen months) cardiac symptoms were fewer when assigned the Self-Directed format.
Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory, Ann Arbor, 48109-2029 Michigan, USA.
Noreen M
NM
Clark
Nancy K
NK
Janz
Julia A
JA
Dodge
Lori
L
Mosca
Xihong
X
Lin
Qi
Q
Long
Roderick J
RJ
Little
John R C
JR
Wheeler
Steven
S
Keteyian
Jersey
J
Liang
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002755:Choice Behavior; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006331:Heart Diseases; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome