Anticancer drug discovery targeting DNA hypermethylation.
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are important regulators of gene transcription and their roles in carcinogenesis have been a topic of considerable interest in the last few years. Diverse classes of chemical compounds including nucleotide analogues, adenosine analogues, aminobenzoic derivatives, polyphenols, hydrazines, phthalides, disulfides and antisenses are being discovered and evaluated as DNMT inhibitors targeting DNA hypermethylation. Among them, 5-Azacytidine 5 and Decitabine 6 were launched recently. Several other compounds are under clinical trials. Some of these compounds were discovered from structure-based drug design. These compounds exert their DNA methylation inhibitory by different mechanisms. This review will present a brief account of various DNA methyltransferases and their biological functions, with focus on actuality of design and synthesis of various inhibitors of DNA hypermethylation as anticancer drugs.
Yu
Niefang
N
Institute of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China. niefang_yu@sina.com
Wang
Mingrong
M
D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003562:Cytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006834:Hydrazines; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D062366:para-Aminobenzoates; D003562:Cytidine; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000241:Adenosine; D010129:4-Aminobenzoic Acid