Intracellular protein aggregation is a proximal trigger of cardiomyocyte autophagy.
BACKGROUND
Recent reports demonstrate that multiple forms of cardiovascular stress, including pressure overload, chronic ischemia, and infarction-reperfusion injury, provoke an increase in autophagic activity in cardiomyocytes. However, nothing is known regarding molecular events that stimulate autophagic activity in stressed myocardium. Because autophagy is a highly conserved process through which damaged proteins and organelles can be degraded, we hypothesized that stress-induced protein aggregation is a proximal trigger of cardiomyocyte autophagy.


RESULTS
Here, we report that pressure overload promotes accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in the left ventricle, development of aggresome-like structures, and a corresponding induction of autophagy. To test for causal links, we induced protein accumulation in cultured cardiomyocytes by inhibiting proteasome activity, finding that aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins was sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte autophagy. Furthermore, attenuation of autophagic activity dramatically enhanced both aggresome size and abundance, consistent with a role for autophagic activity in protein aggregate clearance.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that protein aggregation is a proximal trigger of cardiomyocyte autophagy and that autophagic activity functions to attenuate aggregate/aggresome formation in heart. Findings reported here are the first to demonstrate that protein aggregation occurs in response to hemodynamic stress, situating pressure-overload heart disease in the category of proteinopathies.
Tannous
Paul
P
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
Zhu
Hongxin
H
Nemchenko
Andriy
A
Berry
Jeff M
JM
Johnstone
Janet L
JL
Shelton
John M
JM
Miller
Francis J
FJ
Rothermel
Beverly A
BA
Hill
Joseph A
JA
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001343:Autophagy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002918:Chymotrypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014162:Transfection; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016276:Ventricular Function
D011506:Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D002918:Chymotrypsin