Measures of follow-up in early hearing detection and intervention programs: a need for standardization.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the need for standardized data definitions and reporting for early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs collecting information on newborn hearing screening and follow-up, and types of information best collected in a standardized manner.


METHODS
A hypothetical birth cohort was used to show the potential effects of nonstandardized definitions and data classifications on rates of hearing screening, audiologic follow-up, and hearing loss.


RESULTS
The true screening rate in this cohort was 92.4%. The calculated rate was between 90.0% and 96.5%, depending on the measure used. Among children documented as screened and referred for follow-up, 61.0% received this testing. Only 49.0% were documented to have been tested. Despite a true prevalence of 3.7 per 1,000 births, only 1.5 per 1,000 children were documented with a hearing loss.


CONCLUSIONS
Ensuring that children receive recommended follow-up is challenging. Without complete reporting by audiologists to EHDI programs, accurate calculation of performance measures is impossible. Lack of documentation can lead to the overstatement of "loss to follow-up." Also, standardization of measures is essential for programs to evaluate how many children receive recommended services and assess progress toward national goals. A new survey has been implemented to collect more detailed and standardized information about recommended services.
Mason
Craig A
CA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Gaffney
Marcus
M
Green
Denise R
DR
Grosse
Scott D
SD
D001298:Audiology / Q000295:instrumentation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D015995:Prevalence; D016730:Program Development