A role for cytoplasmic PML in cellular resistance to viral infection.
PML gene was discovered as a fusion partner with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) alpha in the t(15:17) chromosomal translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Nuclear PML protein has been implicated in cell growth, tumor suppression, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and anti-viral defense. The localization pattern of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is drastically altered during viral infection. This alteration is traditionally viewed as a viral strategy to promote viral replication. Although multiple PML splice variants exist, we demonstrate that the ratio of a subset of cytoplasmic PML isoforms lacking exons 5 & 6 is enriched in cells exposed to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). In particular, we demonstrate that a PML isoform lacking exons 5 & 6, called PML Ib, mediates the intrinsic cellular defense against HSV-1 via the cytoplasmic sequestration of the infected cell protein (ICP) 0 of HSV-1. The results herein highlight the importance of cytoplasmic PML and call for an alternative, although not necessarily exclusive, interpretation regarding the redistribution of PML that is seen in virally infected cells.
Division of Cancer Immunology, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
Beth A
BA
McNally
Joanne
J
Trgovcich
Gerd G
GG
Maul
Yang
Y
Liu
Pan
P
Zheng
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000502:physiology
D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C513293:Pml protein, mouse; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C070576:PML protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1