Anatomical features of the carpal flexor retinaculum of the horse.
This study aims to elucidate the topographical anatomy of the carpal flexor retinaculum or palmar anular carpal ligament (PACL) in the horse. Ten specimen of the carpus of five healthy horses were studied by dissection in layers. Slices of 5 mm in thickness facilitated observation of the soft tissues. The superficial layer of the PACL subdivides into five compartments: one for the palmar nerve and the arterial and venous branches, one for only the radial artery, one for the radial vein, and one for the tendon of the radial carpal flexor muscle, and finally for the deep layer that supports all tendinous structures located palmar to the carpus, as well as the median artery and palmar medial nerve. The sections of the segmented PACL that are affected by carpal canal syndrome may vary with the aetiology of the space-occupying process. Precise anatomical knowledge of the structures may help in understanding the pathological processes and determining the most appropriate therapy.
Probst
A
A
Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veternärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. alexander.probst@vu-wien.ac.at
Macher
R
R
Hinterhofer
C
C
Polsterer
E
E
Guarda
I H
IH
König
H E
HE
D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D012016:Reference Values; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation