Treatment of lower eyelid retraction by retractor release and posterior lamellar grafting: an analysis of 659 eyelids in 400 patients.
OBJECTIVE
To review one surgeon's experience with posterior lamellar grafting for lower eyelid elevation over a 15-year period, comparing the success of different posterior lamellar grafts used in 4 etiology groups.


METHODS
A retrospective chart review of 400 patients (659 eyelids) was conducted. Patients were grouped into thyroid ophthalmopathy, previous surgery, trauma, and idiopathic causes. Three graft types were used: hard palate mucosa, free tarsoconjunctival, and free scleral. Objective measurements of lagophthalmos, scleral show, and superficial punctate keratopathy, and subjective patient symptoms, preoperatively and postoperatively were compared between graft types and etiologic groups. Complications were tabulated and compared between groups, as was any need for further surgery. The mean follow-up interval was 16.5 months. The main outcome measures were objective measurements of lagophthalmos, scleral show, and superficial punctate keratopathy.


RESULTS
A mean reduction in lagophthalmos ( approximately 0.5 mm), superficial punctate keratopathy (mean score reduction = 0.2, on a scale of 1-3), and scleral show ( approximately 1.3 mm) was demonstrated for all etiology groups and graft types. Furthermore, 90% of patients subjectively reported a reduction of 1 to 3 symptoms. Hard palate mucosa grafts were more likely to be used than tarsoconjunctival grafts in cases with one or more previous surgeries (p < 0.001). Complications were more common with tarsoconjunctival grafts (except for bleeding), but the difference was statistically significant only for wound dehiscence (p = 0.004).


CONCLUSIONS
Lower eyelid retraction repair with posterior lamellar grafting and lateral eyelid tightening can be recommended with confidence for eyelid retraction patients because most improved subjectively and by objective examination.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. james.oestreicher@utoronto.ca
James H
JH
Oestreicher
Noelene K
NK
Pang
Walter
W
Liao
D000328:Adult; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000637:transplantation*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000637:transplantation*