Dysregulation of renal aquaporins and epithelial sodium channel in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Lithium is used commonly to treat bipolar mood disorders. In addition to its primary therapeutic effects in the central nervous system lithium has a number of side effects in the kidney. The side effects include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with polyuria, mild sodium wasting, and changes in acid/base balance. These functional changes are associated with marked structural changes in collecting duct cell composition and morphology, likely contributing to the functional changes. Over the past few years, investigations of lithium-induced renal changes have provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the disturbances in water, sodium, and acid/base metabolism. This includes dysregulation of renal aquaporins, epithelial sodium channel, and acid/base transporters. This review focuses on these issues with the aim to present this in context with clinically relevant features.
Nielsen
Jakob
J
The Water and Salt Research Center, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.
Kwon
Tae-Hwan
TH
Christensen
Birgitte Mønster
BM
Frøkiaer
Jørgen
J
Nielsen
Søren
S
D000450:Aldosterone / Q000502:physiology; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000502:physiology*; D018500:Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000502:physiology; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects*; D040901:Proteomics; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism
D020346:Aquaporins; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D000450:Aldosterone; D012964:Sodium