PhRMA white paper on ADME pharmacogenomics.
Pharmacogenomic (PGx) research on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drugs has begun to have impact for both drug development and utilization. To provide a cross-industry perspective on the utility of ADME PGx, the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) conducted a survey of major pharmaceutical companies on their PGx practices and applications during 2003-2005. This white paper summarizes and interprets the results of the survey, highlights the contributions and applications of PGx by industrial scientists as reflected by original research publications, and discusses changes in drug labels that improve drug utilization by inclusion of PGx information. In addition, the paper includes a brief review on the clinically relevant genetic variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters most relevant to the pharmaceutical industry.
Williams
J Andrew
JA
Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Drive (CB10), San Diego, CA 92121, USA. james.williams2@pfizer.com
Andersson
Tommy
T
Andersson
Tommy B
TB
Blanchard
Rebecca
R
Behm
Martin Otto
MO
Cohen
Nadine
N
Edeki
Timi
T
Franc
Monique
M
Hillgren
Kathleen M
KM
Johnson
Keith J
KJ
Katz
David A
DA
Milton
Mark N
MN
Murray
Bernard P
BP
Polli
Joseph W
JW
Ricci
Deb
D
Shipley
Lisa A
LA
Vangala
Subrahmanyam
S
Wrighton
Steven A
SA
D015239:Arylsulfotransferase / Q000235:genetics; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D015195:Drug Design; D004345:Drug Industry; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005838:Genotype; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
D015239:Arylsulfotransferase; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme; C117544:SULT1A1 protein, human