Expression and evolution of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C cleaves the substrate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and generates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol, both of which are second messengers in the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways operative in animal cells. Five PI-PLC isoforms, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta, have been identified in mammals. Plant PI-PLCs are structurally close to the mammalian PI-PLC-zeta isoform. The Arabidopsis genome contains nine AtPLC genes. Expression patterns of all nine genes in different organs and in response to various environmental stimuli were studied by applying a quantitative RT-PCR approach. Multiple members of the gene family were differentially expressed in Arabidopsis organs, suggesting putative roles for this enzyme in plant development, including tissue and organ differentiation. This study also shows that a majority of the AtPLC genes are induced in response to various environmental stimuli, including cold, salt, nutrients Murashige-Skoog salts, dehydration, and the plant hormone abscisic acid. Results of this and previous studies strongly suggest that transcriptional activation of the PI-PLC gene family is important for adapting plants to stress environments. Expression patterns and phylogenetic relationships indicates that AtPLC gene members probably evolved through multiple rounds of gene duplication events, with AtPLC4 and AtPLC5 and AtPLC8 and AtPLC9 being duplicated in tandem in recent times.
Tasma
I Made
IM
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, G303 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Brendel
Volker
V
Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Whitham
Steven A
SA
Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Bhattacharyya
Madan K
MK
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, G303 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012492:Salts / Q000494:pharmacology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D012492:Salts; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C