[Cardiovascular risk associated with urolithiasis].
OBJECTIVE
Urolithiasis appears to be associated with several cardiovascular risk factors (excess salt and animal proteins, hypertension, metabolic syndrome) and, more recently, the development of stroke. The authors describe the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events before and after management of urolithiasis.


METHODS
The authors retrospectively collected data from patients born before 1956 and managed surgically or instrumentally for urolithiasis in our establishment in 1994 concerning the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and the incidence of acute coronary syndrome, stroke or acute lower limb ischaemia before or after treatment of urolithiasis.


RESULTS
Data were obtained for 33 patients, revealing 12 events including five previous events (four cases of acute coronary syndrome, one ischaemic stroke) and seven subsequent events (five cases of acute coronary syndrome with one death, one ischaemic stroke, one case of acute lower limb ischaemia) an average of 5.7 years after management. These 33 patients had an average of more than two risk factors.


CONCLUSIONS
This retrospective study based on a small sample size demonstrated a high frequency of risk factors and cardiovascular events. This correlation needs to be studied in more detail. Urolithiasis could constitute an indirect cardiovascular risk factor dependent on "classical" risk factors, suggesting the need for integrated management of stone patients, in the same way as for patients with erectile dysfunction.
Raynal
G
G
Sevice d'urologie et transplantation, CHU d'Amiens-Sud, avenue René-Laënnec, 80054 Amiens cedex 1, France. gauthier.raynal@etud.u-picardie.fr
Achkar
K
K
El Samad
R
R
Kikassa
J-C
JC
Jorest
R
R
D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000150:complications*