Amblyogenic anisometropia in the contralateral eye in unicoronal craniosynostosis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence and nature of anisometropic refractive errors in children with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis.


METHODS
Retrospective chart review of children with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis who underwent ophthalmic evaluation, including refraction.


RESULTS
Refraction was available for 25 of 61 children with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Of the 25, 56% had amblyogenic anisometropia. Of these, 79% had the greater refractive error contralateral to the coronal synostosis, mostly (91%) consisting of greater with-the-rule astigmatism in the contralateral eye. Seventy-two percent of Hispanic children had amblyogenic anisometropia, compared with only 14% of non-Hispanic children (p= 0.02). Although Hispanic children tended to receive both surgery and ophthalmic evaluation at older ages than non-Hispanic children, these factors did not appear to account for the difference between ethnicities. There was no detectable association between anisometropia and the timing of fronto-orbital advancement surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Children with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis are at increased risk of developing amblyogenic levels of anisometropia in the eye contralateral to the synostosis and require early evaluation and refraction even in the absence of strabismus.
Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. ktarczyhornoch@chla.usc.edu
Kristina
K
Tarczy-Hornoch
Brendan
B
Smith
Mark
M
Urata
D000375:Aging; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D015858:Anisometropia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology