Influence of family history and preventive health behaviors on colorectal cancer screening in African Americans.
BACKGROUND
African Americans (AAs) have low rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. To the authors' knowledge, factors that influence their participation, especially individuals with a family history of CRC ("family history"), are not well understood.


METHODS
A secondary analysis of the 2002 Maryland Cancer Survey data examined predictors of risk-appropriate, timely CRC screening ("screening") in AAs with a family history and in individuals without a family history. Predictors that were evaluated included age, sex, family history, mammogram or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, body mass index, activity, fruit/vegetable consumption, alcohol, smoking, perceived risk of cancer, education, employment, insurance, access to a healthcare provider, and healthcare provider recommendation of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy.


RESULTS
In individuals without a family history of CRC (N = 492), recommendation for FOBT (odds ratio [OR] of 11.90; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 6.84-20.71) and sigmoidoscopy/colonscopy (OR of 7.06; 95% CI, 4.11-12.14), moderate/vigorous activity (OR of 1.74; 95% CI, 1.06-2.28), and PSA screening history (OR of 2.68; 95% CI, 1.01-7.81) were found to be predictive of screening. In individuals with a family history (N = 88), recommendation for sigmoidoscopy/colonscopy (OR of 24.3; 95%, CI 5.30-111.34) and vigorous activity (OR of 5.21; 95% CI, 1.09-24.88) were found to be predictive of screening. However, family history did not predict screening when the analysis was controlled for age, education, and insurance. AAs who had a family history were less likely to screen compared with their white counterparts (N = 293) and compared with AAs who were at average risk for CRC (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of family history, healthcare provider recommendation and activity level were important predictors of screening. Lower screening rates were observed in AAs who had a family history compared with individuals who did not. The authors believe that, for AAs who have a family history, further examination of barriers and facilitators to CRC screening within the cultural context is warranted.
The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. kgriffith@jhu.edu
Kathleen A
KA
Griffith
Deborah B
DB
McGuire
Renee
R
Royak-Schaler
Keith O
KO
Plowden
Eileen K
EK
Steinberger
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors