[New drugs; exenatide and sitagliptin].
Incretin hormones, secreted upon food intake, play an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the incretin response is decreased. Substitution of incretin is a novel pharmacological target which restores postprandial glucose homeostasis. Exenatide is a mimetic of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-I (GLP-I). Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which breaks down GLP-I. Both drugs increase the GLP-I concentration, thereby improving insulin secretion from pancreatic p cells, restoring glycaemic control, preventing beta cell destruction, delaying gastric emptying, and reducing food intake.
van Bronswijk
H
H
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden.
Dubois
E A
EA
Pijl
H
H
Cohen
A F
AF
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D000077270:Exenatide; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D014230:Triazoles; D014688:Venoms; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide; D000068900:Sitagliptin Phosphate