Lymphangiogenesis induced by VEGF-C and VEGF-D promotes metastasis and a poor outcome in breast carcinoma: a retrospective study of 61 cases.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate lymphangiogenesis in patients with breast carcinoma, explore the underlying mechanism, and study the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and progression of breast carcinoma.


METHODS
Sixty-one cases of breast carcinoma with complete clinical and pathological data were analyzed. Using an anti-podoplanin monoclonal antibody, an immunohistochemical study was made of all specimens to detect lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and to investigate its clinicopathological and prognostic value. VEGF-C and VEGF-D were observed by RT-PCR and immunostaining to investigate their clinicopathological and prognostic values and their relationship with lymphangiogenesis.


RESULTS
LVD in breast carcinoma (6.28+/-3.73) was significantly higher than in benign mammary lesions (0.50+/-1.27), P<0.01 and was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis and high TNM stage, P<0.01. The level of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression was also significantly higher in breast carcinomas than in benign mammary lesions, P<0.01. LVD increased significantly with higher expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D, P<0.01. Patients with high expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D were observed to be more likely to have a bad outcome, P<0.05.


CONCLUSIONS
Lymphangiogenesis was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, high TNM, and poor outcome in breast carcinoma. LVD may serve as a predictor of lymph node metastasis and a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma. VEGF-C and VEGF-D play an important role in lymphangiogenesis making the carcinoma more aggressive and leading to a poor prognosis.
Gu
Yan
Y
Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. yangu@sjtu.edu.cn
Qi
Xiaoliang
X
Guo
Shanyu
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D