Gypenosides inhibited invasion and migration of human tongue cancer SCC4 cells through down-regulation of NFkappaB and matrix metalloproteinase-9.
Gypenosides (Gyp), components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino, were found to induce suppression of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC4 cell growth and induce apoptosis in response to overexpression of reactive oxygen species, calcium (Ca(+2)) and to decrease mitochondrial membrane potential in vitro. In this study, the effect of Gyp on cell migration and invasion of human tongue SCC4 cells was examined. SCC4 cells treated in vitro with Gyp migrated and invaded less than cells treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control. Gyp inhibited migration and invasion by down-regulating the production of RAS, NFkappaB, COX2, ERK1/2 and MMP-9 relative to PBS only. These results show that Gyp inhibits invasion and migration of human tongue SCC4 cells by down-regulating proteins associated with these processes, resulting in reduced metastasis.
Lu
Kung-Wen
KW
Chinese Medical Research Institute, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
Tsai
Ming-Li
ML
Chen
Jung-Chou
JC
Hsu
Shu-Chun
SC
Hsia
Te-Chun
TC
Lin
Meng-Wei
MW
Huang
An-Cheng
AC
Chang
Yung-Hsien
YH
Ip
Siu-Wan
SW
Lu
Hsu-Feng
HF
Chung
Jing-Gung
JG
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015536:Down-Regulation; D029774:Gynostemma; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C474918:gypenoside