Retinal hemorrhages in children following fatal motor vehicle crashes: a case series.
OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the severity of ocular findings in young children who died of injuries due to motor vehicle crashes.


METHODS
Case series of 10 children younger than 3 years who were fatally injured in motor vehicle crashes between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2002. All children underwent autopsy that included eye examination. All available medical and autopsy records, pathology slides and photographs, and police and traffic department reports were reviewed for each case.


RESULTS
Eight patients had retinal hemorrhages, which extended into the periphery in 13 eyes and were bilateral in 7 patients. Three patients had elevated circular retinal folds. Six patients had hemorrhages below the internal limiting membrane, but no patients had deeper splitting of the retina. Nine patients had optic nerve sheath hemorrhages.


CONCLUSIONS
The association of extensive, sometimes severe, ocular hemorrhages with fatal accidental trauma, compared with previous reports of accidental trauma with no or few hemorrhages, indicates the severity of injury required to cause hemorrhages of this magnitude.
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 925 N 87th St, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. jkivlin@mcw.edu
Jane D
JD
Kivlin
Melissa L
ML
Currie
V Jordan
VJ
Greenbaum
Kenneth B
KB
Simons
Jeffrey
J
Jentzen
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index