Increased metal tolerance in Salix by nicotinamide and nicotinic acid.
We have earlier shown that nicotinamide (NIC) and nicotinic acid (NiA) can induce defence-related metabolism in plant cells; e.g. increase the level of glutathione. Here we investigated if NIC and NiA could increase the metal tolerance in metal sensitive clones of Salix viminalis and whether this would be mediated via increased glutathione level. Salix clones, sensitive or tolerant to zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were grown in the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Cu or Zn) or NIC and NiA as well as in combination. In addition, the influence of N-acetyl-cystein (NAC) and l-2-oxothiazolidine 4-carboxylate (OTC), stimulators of reduced glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, and the glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) was analysed. Tolerance was measured as effects on root and shoot dry weight, and the glutathione and metal concentrations in the tissues were analysed. Results showed that NIC and NiA decreased the toxic effects of Cd, Cu and Zn on growth significantly in sensitive clones, but also to some extent in tolerant clones. However, the glutathione level and metal concentration did not change by NIC or NiA addition. Treatment with NAC, OTC or BSO did not per se influence the sensitivity to Cd, although the glutathione level increased in the presence of NAC and OTC and decreased in response to BSO. The results suggest that NIC and NiA increased the defence against heavy metals but not via glutathione formation per se.
Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Anna B
AB
Ohlsson
Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Tommy
T
Landberg
Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Torkel
T
Berglund
Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Maria
M
Greger
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009525:Niacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D032108:Salix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008670:Metals; D053778:Thiazolidines; D002104:Cadmium; D009536:Niacinamide; D009525:Niacin; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D003300:Copper; D005978:Glutathione; D015032:Zinc; D011761:Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine; C029536:2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid