Huang-lian-jie-du-tang, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
OBJECTIVE
Huang-lian-jie-du-tang (HLJDT; Japanese name, oren-gedoku-to) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription known to possess anti-inflammatory activity. Our study reports here for the first time the anticancer effect of HLJDT in two human liver cancer cell lines, Hep G2 and PLC/PRF/5.


METHODS
Inhibition of cell proliferation by HLJDT was measured by sodium 3'-(1-(phenylamino-carbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium)-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene-sulfonic acid hydrate (XTT) assay. Clonogenic assay was used to elucidate the possible differences in long-term effects of HLJDT on human liver cancer cells. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected using electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay. Protein expressions were determined by immunoblot assay. The activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) was determined by Trans-AM ELISA kit. In vivo tumor activity was assessed by xenograft study.


RESULTS
HLJDT significantly increased the expression of inactivated phospho-Cdc2 and phospho-Cdc25C, and decreased the levels of cyclin A, cyclin B1, Cdc2, and Cdc25C, thereby contributing to cell-cycle arrest. HLJDT increased the expression of Bax and Bak, but decreased the level of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and subsequently triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In addition, HLJDT also inhibited cell-survival signaling by enhancing the amount of IkappaBalpha in the cytoplasm, reducing the level and activity of NF-kappaB in the nucleus, and subsequently attenuating the expression of Bcl-XL in Hep G2 and PLC/PRF/5 cells(.) The inhibitory effect mediated by HLJDT on cell growth was also demonstrated in a nude mouse model, in which the liver cancer cells induced tumor xenograft shrank considerably following treatment with HLJDT.


CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, these results suggest a potential anticancer effect of HLJDT against human liver cancer cells.
Hsu
Ya-Ling
YL
Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. s_udhema@yahoo.com
Kuo
Po-Lin
PL
Tzeng
Tz-Fei
TF
Sung
Shu-Chiao
SC
Yen
Ming-Hong
MH
Lin
Liang-Tzung
LT
Lin
Chun-Ching
CC
D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; C061676:oren gedoku to