Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review.
OBJECTIVE
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) has recently been subclassified into either laboratory TLS or clinical TLS, and a grading system has been established. Standardized guidelines, however, are needed to aid in the stratification of patients according to risk and to establish prophylaxis and treatment recommendations for patients at risk or with established TLS.


METHODS
A panel of experts in pediatric and adult hematologic malignancies and TLS was assembled to develop recommendations and guidelines for TLS based on clinical evidence and standards of care. A review of relevant literature was also used.


RESULTS
New guidelines are presented regarding the prevention and management of patients at risk of developing TLS. The best management of TLS is prevention. Prevention strategies include hydration and prophylactic rasburicase in high-risk patients, hydration plus allopurinol or rasburicase for intermediate-risk patients, and close monitoring for low-risk patients. Primary management of established TLS involves similar recommendations, with the addition of aggressive hydration and diuresis, plus allopurinol or rasburicase for hyperuricemia. Alkalinization is not recommended. Although guidelines for rasburicase use in adults are provided, this agent is currently only approved for use in pediatric patients in the United States.


CONCLUSIONS
The potential severity of complications resulting from TLS requires measures for prevention in high-risk patients and prompts treatment in the event that symptoms arise. Recognition of risk factors, monitoring of at-risk patients, and appropriate interventions are the key to preventing or managing TLS. These guidelines should assist in the prevention of TLS and improve the management of patients with established TLS.
Coiffier
Bertrand
B
Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
Altman
Arnold
A
Pui
Ching-Hon
CH
Younes
Anas
A
Cairo
Mitchell S
MS
D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015275:Tumor Lysis Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents