Comparison of tetraploid blastocyst microinjection of outbred Crl:CD1(ICR), hybrid B6D2F1/Tac, and inbred C57BL/6NTac embryos for generation of mice derived from embryonic stem cells.
Embryo electrofusion and tetraploid blastocyst microinjection is a modification of the traditional embryonic stem cell (ES cell)-based method to generate targeted mutant mice. Viability of tetraploid embryos is reportedly lower than with diploid embryos, with considerable interstrain variation. Here we assessed fetus and pup viability after ES cell microinjection of tetraploid blastocysts derived from outbred, hybrid, and inbred mice. Two-cell mouse embryos (C57BL/6NTac [B6], n = 788; B6D2F1/Tac [BDF1], n = 1871; Crl:CD1(ICR) [CD1], n = 1308) were electrofused; most resultant tetraploid blastocysts were injected with ES cells and surgically transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice. Reproductive tracts were examined at midgestation for embryologic studies using B6 and BDF1 blastocysts; implantation sites and viable fetuses were counted. Pregnancies were carried to term for studies of targeted mutant mice using BDF1 and CD1 blastocysts, and pup yield was evaluated. Electrofusion rates of 2-cell embryos did not differ among B6, BDF1, and CD1 mice (overall mean, 92.8% +/- 5.4%). For embryologic studies, 244 B6 blastocysts were surgically transferred and 1 fetus was viable (0.41%), compared with 644 BDF1 blastocysts surgically transferred and 88 viable fetuses (13.7%). For targeted mutant mouse studies, 259 BDF1 blastocysts were surgically transferred yielding 10 pups (3.9%); 569 CD1 blastocysts yielded 44 pups (7.7%).
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. sharron@mit.edu
Sharron M
SM
Kirchain
Alison M
AM
Hayward
John M
JM
Mkandawire
Peimin
P
Qi
Aurora A
AA
Burds
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000379:methods*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005328:Fetal Viability; D008136:Longevity; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008845:Microinjections; D011123:Polyploidy; D011247:Pregnancy; D013234:Stem Cells