Electron emission in superfluid and low temperature vapor phase helium.
Tungsten filaments used as sources of electrons in a low-temperature liquid or gaseous helium environment have remarkable properties of operating at thousands of degrees kelvin in surroundings at temperatures of order 1 K. We provide an explanation of this performance in terms of important changes in the thermal transport mechanisms. The behavior can be cast as a first-order phase transition.
Silvera
Isaac F
IF
Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Tempere
Jacques
J