Antibacterial activity of yoghurt against viridans streptococci in vitro.
OBJECTIVE
Yoghurt consumption leads to a selective decrease in the oral level of mutans streptococci. It is not clear whether this decrease is due to the bactericidal activity of yoghurt or other mechanisms. The present study investigated the differences in susceptibility to yoghurt between several strains of viridans streptococci.


METHODS
The sources of variation were minimised, at the expense of the external validity of the study, using culture collection strains. Each strain was tested separately on five occasions in planktonic form and logarithmic growth phase. Two strains of each of the following Streptococcus species were tested: mutans, sobrinus, gordonii, oralis, parasanguinis and sanguinis. One millilitre [10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)] of each strain was incubated (37 degrees C, 60min) with 9mL of fat-free plain yoghurt containing Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (10(8) and 10(7)cfu/g, respectively) in gently vortexed tubes. Survival rates were calculated every 15min by dividing the number of viable cells, obtained using conventional laboratory procedures, by the baseline number.


RESULTS
Survival rates were 8% (S. mutans 6519T), 12% (S. mutans 31738), 35% (S. oralis 25671) and >50% (all other species tested) after 15min, and 0.01% (S. mutans) and >10% (all other species tested) after 30min. Overall, S. parasanguinis and S. sobrinus were the most resistant species. When heat-treated yoghurt (<10cfu/g bacteria and inactivated bacteriocins) was used, this antibacterial activity was not found.


CONCLUSIONS
In vitro, yoghurt with live bacteria showed selective anti-mutans activity, suggesting that the overall decrease in mutans streptococci in vivo could be due to a bactericidal effect on S. mutans but not on S. sobrinus.
G. Sanarelli Department of Public Health Sciences, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. stefano.petti@uniroma1.it
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Simonetti D'Arca
D000898:Antibiosis; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000254:growth & development; D034363:Viridans Streptococci / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D015014:Yogurt / Q000382:microbiology*