Grip force control in patients with neck and upper extremity pain and healthy controls.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether sensory and motor problems in patients with non-specific neck and upper extremity pain can be ascribed to a deficit of sensory-motor integration.


METHODS
Grip force control and adaptation were measured in 81 cases, 32 former cases and 39 healthy controls, during repetitive lifting and holding of an object. The object (300 g) was lifted vertically over 20 cm and held for 5s, using the dominant arm (the affected arm in all cases). The object was novel to the subjects when lifted for the first time, and was lifted five times consecutively. Grip forces orthogonal to the object's surface and its vertical acceleration were measured.


RESULTS
Cases used significantly higher grip forces than both other groups, while vertical acceleration was not different. After the initial lift, all groups significantly reduced the maximum grip force.


CONCLUSIONS
Subjects with neck and upper extremity pain consistently use higher grip forces than controls, but adjust grip forces by a similar amount after the first lift. Compensation of impaired sensory information rather than a general deficit in sensory-motor integration seems to account for these findings.


CONCLUSIONS
Non-specific neck and upper extremity pain coincides with objectifiable changes in control of grip force.
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maaike A
MA
Huysmans
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EXPres, Expertise center for rehabilitation, ergonomics, and sports, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marco J M
MJM
Hoozemans
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EXPres, Expertise center for rehabilitation, ergonomics, and sports, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bart
B
Visser
Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.vandieen@fbw.vu.nl.
Jaap H
JH
van Dieën
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*