G-CSF- and erythropoietin-based cell therapy: a promising strategy for angiomyogenesis in myocardial infarction.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin are two cytokines that have been demonstrated to improve cardiac function and perfusion in myocardial infarction. G-CSF was initially evaluated as a stem cell mobilizer and erythropoietin as a cytoprotective agent. However, both cytokines have direct cytoprotective effects and stem cell-mobilizing ability. Direct cytoprotective effects of both cytokines are commonly mediated by the Jak-STAT pathway. In preclinical study, G-CSF and erythropoietin improved cardiac function and perfusion by angiomyogenesis and protection of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction. However, results from recent clinical trials did not support beneficial effects of cytokine therapy with G-CSF or erythropoietin alone in patients with myocardial infarction. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action and to improve therapeutic efficacy by employing novel strategies, such as combined cytokines.
Kang
Hyun-Jae
HJ
Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongun-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea. hyosoo@snu.ac.kr
Kim
Hyo-Soo
HS
D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
D004921:Erythropoietin; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor