Analysing the protective potential of padded soccer goalkeeper shorts.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the potential of currently available padded soccer goalkeeper shorts to prevent hip injuries sustained in side jumps was investigated.


METHODS
Within the scope of this study, a survey among professional and amateur goalkeepers, trainers and the medical staff was performed. In addition, commercially available shorts were impact-tested using an artificial hip model. The results were compared with requirements established for hip protectors for elderly.


RESULTS
The results of the survey found that contusions and abrasions were observed most often for all players. Fractures and arthritis were only reported by amateur players, whereas bursitis was more frequently observed by professional players. Amateurs have a significantly higher risk of injury than professional players, and the higher injury risk during training is significantly higher compared with the injury risk during a match. No difference of the injury risk was found between goalkeepers wearing padded shorts and those who did not. Impact tests indicated a wide range of performance of the currently available products. The padded shorts generally reduce impact forces, but mostly perform poorly. Only shorts that were made of visco-elastic foam fulfilled the basic requirements requested for hip protectors for elderly.


CONCLUSIONS
The quality of most of the currently available goalkeeper shorts needs to be improved to effectively prevent hip injury sustained in side jumps.
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. schmitt@ethz.ch
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D000328:Adult; D001168:Arthritis / Q000209:etiology; D002062:Bursitis / Q000209:etiology; D003288:Contusions / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000592:standards*; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D013585:Synovitis / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult