A temporal analysis of the relationships between social stress, humoral immune response and glutathione-related antioxidant defenses.
The exposure to different kinds of stress impacts on the reactive oxygen species production with potential risk to the integrity of the tissues. Psychological or biological stress is responsible for a significant increase in the oxidative stress markers and also for activation of the antioxidant defense system. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between social stress, humoral immune response and glutathione-related antioxidant defenses. Groups of male Swiss mice were subjected to different lengths of social stress exposure (social confrontation) which varied from 1 up to 13 days. As a biological stressor, 10(9) sheep red blood cells (SRBC)/mL were injected by intraperitoneal route. As controls, animals not subjected to social stress and/or injected with vehicle solution were used. The serum samples and the cerebral cortex were collected at 4 h, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 days after the end of social confrontation. The results indicated that the antioxidant enzymes activities were affected by psychological as well as by biological stressor. These alterations were dependent on the timing of stress exposure which resulted in a positive or in a negative correlation between the antibody titres to SRBC and antioxidant enzymes. We also discuss the possible role of SRBC injection in the modulation of the effects of psychosocial stress on antioxidant metabolism.
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Luciane
L
Gonçalves
Alcir Luiz
AL
Dafre
Sonia Gonçalves
SG
Carobrez
Odival Cezar
OC
Gasparotto
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000379:methods; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012756:Sheep; D012931:Social Environment; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000975:Antioxidants; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide