Exploration and validation of clusters of physically abused children.
OBJECTIVE
Cluster analysis was used to enhance understanding of heterogeneity in social adjustment of physically abused children.


METHODS
Ninety-eight physically abused children (ages 5-10) were clustered on the basis of social adjustment, as measured by observed behavior with peers on the school playground and by teacher reports of social behavior. Seventy-seven matched nonabused children served as a comparison sample. Clusters were validated on the basis of observed parental sensitivity, parents' self-reported disciplinary tactics, and children's social information processing operations (i.e., generation of solutions to peer relationship problems and attributions of peer intentions in social situations).


RESULTS
Three subgroups of physically abused children emerged from the cluster analysis; clusters were labeled Socially Well Adjusted, Hanging in There, and Social Difficulties. Examination of cluster differences on risk and protective factors provided substantial evidence in support of the external validity of the three-cluster solution. Specifically, clusters differed significantly in attributions of peer intent and in parenting (i.e., sensitivity and harshness of parenting). Clusters also differed in the ways in which they were similar to, or different from, the comparison group of nonabused children.


CONCLUSIONS
Results supported the contention that there were clinically relevant subgroups of physically abused children with potentially unique treatment needs. Findings also pointed to the relevance of social information processing operations and parenting context in understanding diversity among physically abused children.


CONCLUSIONS
Pending replication, findings provide support for the importance of considering unique treatment of needs among physically abused children. A singular approach to intervention is unlikely to be effective for these children. For example, some physically abused children might need a more intensive focus on development of prosocial skills in relationships with peers while the prosocial skills of other abused children will be developmentally appropriate. In contrast, most physically abused children might benefit from training in social problem-solving skills. Findings also point to the importance of promoting positive parenting practices in addition to reducing harsh discipline of physically abusive parents.
Department of Psychology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Caryn
C
Sabourin Ward
Mary E
ME
Haskett
D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010379:Peer Group; D018187:Personal Construct Theory; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011340:Problem Solving; D011594:Psychometrics; D011678:Punishment; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012919:Social Behavior