HIV-1 Tat protein induces IL-10 production by an alternative TNF-alpha-independent pathway in monocytes: role of PKC-delta and p38 MAP kinase.
HIV-1 Tat protein stimulates the production of both TNF-alpha and IL-10 in human monocytes. Taking into account the ability of TNF-alpha to induce IL-10 production, we evaluated the link between Tat, TNF-alpha and IL-10 and the implication of PKC and p38 MAP kinase pathways. Our data showed that (i) in the presence of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibodies, IL-10 production is only partially inhibited; (ii) in a calcium-free medium, while TNF-alpha production is totally inhibited, Tat continues to induce IL-10; (iii) under these conditions, Tat-mediated IL-10 production is associated with PKC-delta activation; and (iv) downstream of PKC, p38 MAP kinase is crucial for TNF-alpha independent IL10 production. Overall, our data suggest a new mechanism, implicating Tat protein, by which HIV-1 may maintain a constant production of the immunosuppressive IL-10 cytokine, even in the absence of TNF-alpha production. In consequence, HIV-1 may escape immune surveillance and thus promote the establishment of an immunosuppressive state.
Leghmari
Kaoutar
K
Laboratoire d'Immuno-Virologie, EA 3038, Université Paul Sabatier 118, route de Narbonne 4R3, 31062 Toulouse, Cedex, France.
Bennasser
Yamina
Y
Tkaczuk
Jean
J
Bahraoui
Elmostafa
E
D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000201:enzymology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D007527:Isoenzymes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D016753:Interleukin-10; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium