Contributions of IBD5, IL23R, ATG16L1, and NOD2 to Crohn's disease risk in a population-based case-control study: evidence of gene-gene interactions.
BACKGROUND
IBD5, IL23R, and ATG16L1 genetic variations are established Crohn's disease (CD) risks alleles. We evaluated these in a population-based case-control study within a cohort to determine their penetrance, population attributable risk, independence, and relationship to other established CD risk factors, including NOD2.


METHODS
DNA from 213 CD, 118 [corrected] ulcerative colitis, and 315 [corrected] healthy control subjects from the population based University of Manitoba IBD Research Registry were genotyped for IBD5 and IL23R single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),and for the Thr 300Ala ATG16L1 SNP. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for these and nongenetic risk factors.We introduce multidimensionality reduction (MDR) to explore gene– gene interactions.


RESULTS
ATG16L1, IBD5, and IL23R SNPs were significantly associated with CD. Multivariate analysis showed independent CD association for carriers of ATG16L1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-3.24), IBD5-IGR2230 (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.30-3.59), and IL23R-rs10889677 (OR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.39-3.28) while retaining association for NOD2 mutation carriers (OR = 4.45, 95% CI 2.68-7.38), IBD family history (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.42-5.31), tobacco (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.35-3.14), and Jewish ethnicity (OR = 20.1, 95% CI 2.16-186.8). IL23R minor variants for Arg381Gln and Intron 6 rs7517848 showed independent, CD protection and 3' untranslated variant rs108896778 showed risk. MDR analysis suggested an interaction between IBD5, ATG16L1, and IL23R risk alleles. Penetrance values for ATG16L1 and IBD5 were 0.27% for heterozygotes, and 0.35% and 0.44%, respectively, for homozygotes. IL23R rs108896778 penetrance was 0.37%.


CONCLUSIONS
A population-based analysis of CD risk factors is useful for characterizing the epidemiology of multiple CD genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Gene-gene interactions are likely, but require further evaluation in large population-based cohorts.
Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
Toshihiko
T
Okazaki
Ming-Hsi
MH
Wang
Patricia
P
Rawsthorne
Michael
M
Sargent
Lisa Wu
LW
Datta
Yin Yao
YY
Shugart
Charles N
CN
Bernstein
Steven R
SR
Brant
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
C515500:IL23R protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin