Coordination of development and metabolism in the pre-midblastula transition zebrafish embryo.
To define the mechanisms that coordinate early embryonic development and metabolism, we have examined the response of zebrafish embryos to anoxia before the midblastula transition. Our findings reveal that anoxic pre-midblastula transition embryos slow the cell cycle, arrest before the midblastula transition and can recover normally if restored to a normoxic environment. Analyses of respiratory rates reveal that pre-midblastula transition embryos are less reliant on oxidative phosphorylation than older embryos. Interestingly, arrest in anoxia occurs despite inhibition of zygotic transcription, revealing a central role for maternal factors in the response to energy limitation. Consistent with this concept, we demonstrate that the posttranslational energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase pathway is activated in anoxia in pre-midblastula transition embryos. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a maternal program capable of coordinating developmental rate and metabolism in the absence of transcription-based pathways or cell cycle checkpoints.
Mendelsohn
Bryce A
BA
Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Gitlin
Jonathan D
JD
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D036703:Blastula / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D011190:Potassium Cyanide