Ozonation and advanced oxidation by the peroxone process of ciprofloxacin in water.
A bubble reactor was used for ozonation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Effects of process parameters ozone inlet concentration, ciprofloxacin concentration, temperature, pH and H(2)O(2) concentration were tested. Desethylene ciprofloxacin was identified, based on HPLC-MS analysis, as one of the degradation products. Formation of desethylene ciprofloxacin was highly dependent on pH, with the highest concentration measured at pH 10. Radical scavengers t-butanol and parachlorobenzoic acid were added in order to gain mechanistic understanding. Radical species other than hydroxyl radicals were suggested to occur at acidic pH which can explain fast ciprofloxacin ozonation at pH 3.
De Witte
Bavo
B
Research Group EnVOC, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Dewulf
Jo
J
Demeestere
Kristof
K
Van Langenhove
Herman
H
D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002723:Chlorobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis*; D005609:Free Radicals; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010126:Ozone; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D020002:tert-Butyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry
D002723:Chlorobenzoates; D005609:Free Radicals; D010545:Peroxides; D014867:Water; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C040768:4-chlorobenzoic acid; D020002:tert-Butyl Alcohol; D010100:Oxygen