Taking ageing into account in remyelination-based therapies for multiple sclerosis.
MS is a disease that patients can suffer from over several decades. The effects of ageing are therefore likely to have a bearing on the natural history of the disease and the manner in which it is treated. In this review we consider how age affects remyelination, a spontaneously occurring regenerative process that follows demyelination and that often fails in MS patients. Over the last ten years several studies based on experimental rodent models of demyelination/remyelination have led to a clearer understanding of the age-associated changes in the environmental signals that govern remyelination, and reveal broad concepts shared by stem/precursor cell mediated regenerative processes in other tissues. Less clear is how age affects the intrinsic properties and responsiveness of the adult stem/precursor cells responsible for remyelination. We argue that the effects of age and in particular age-associated cell-intrinsic changes may be fundamental to the clinical success of pro-remyelination therapies, the development of which is currently the focus of intensive research activity.
Rist
Julia M
JM
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
Franklin
Robin J M
RJ
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*