Early detection of behavioral side effects of antiepileptic treatment using handheld computers.
OBJECTIVE
Treatment-emergent side effects are frequent events, particularly during the uptitration of antiepileptic drugs. So far, monitoring of such adverse events in outpatients has often been limited to intervals of weeks or months. We here report the application of a new device for temporally fine-grained assessment of objective well-being and cognitive performance using personal digital assistants (PDAs).


METHODS
Twenty adult patients with epilepsy participated in this pilot study. Ten received add-on treatment with levetiracetam. Ten patients with constant medication served as a control group. Differences between groups with respect to self-rated cognitive condition, psychophysical condition, aggressiveness, and cognitive test performance in a concentration test assessed three times daily (morning, early afternoon, and evening), over the course of 6 days, were analyzed.


RESULTS
Levetiracetam-treated patients manifested an early augmentation of self-rated aggressiveness, which increased in intensity over the course of days. Aggressiveness reached a maximum in the early afternoon across days. There were no major changes in cognitive performance, except for an increase in morning performance in the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the feasibility of a new method of ambulatory assessment of behavioral and cognitive data during titration of antiepileptic drugs. Significant changes in aggressiveness under add-on treatment with levetiracetam were found to be dependent on the time of assessment during the day. These results suggest that PDA-based ambulatory monitoring of patients with epilepsy may be a promising tool for early detection of drug-related side effects and, thus, may constitute a significant improvement in patient care.
Frings
Lars
L
Epilepsy Center, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Wagner
Kathrin
K
Maiwald
Thomas
T
Carius
Astrid
A
Schinkel
Anika
A
Lehmann
Christiane
C
Schulze-Bonhage
Andreas
A
D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010889:Piracetam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam