Association between nighttime sleep and napping in older adults.
OBJECTIVE
Napping might indicate deficiencies in nighttime sleep, but the relationship is not well defined. We assessed the association of nighttime sleep duration and fragmentation with subsequent daytime sleep.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
235 individuals (47.5% men, 29.7% black), age 80.1 (2.9) years.


RESULTS
Nighttime and daytime sleep were measured with wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries for an average of 6.8 (SD 0.7) nights. Sleep parameters included total nighttime sleep (h), movement and fragmentation index (fragmentation), and total daytime sleep (h). The relationship of total nighttime sleep and fragmentation to napping (yes/no) was assessed using logistic regression. In individuals who napped, mixed random effects models were used to determine the association between the previous night sleep duration and fragmentation and nap duration, and nap duration and subsequent night sleep duration. All models were adjusted for age, race, gender, BMI, cognitive status, depression, cardiovascular disease, respiratory symptoms, diabetes, pain, fatigue, and sleep medication use. Naps were recorded in sleep diaries by 178 (75.7%) participants. The odds ratios (95% CI) for napping were higher for individuals with higher levels of nighttime fragmentation (2.1 [0.8, 5.7]), respiratory symptoms (2.4 [1.1, 5.4]), diabetes (6.1 [1.2, 30.7]), and pain (2.2 [1.0, 4.7]). Among nappers, neither sleep duration nor fragmentation the preceding night was associated with nap duration the next day.


CONCLUSIONS
More sleep fragmentation was associated with higher odds of napping although not with nap duration. Further research is needed to determine the causal association between sleep fragmentation and daytime napping.
Goldman
Suzanne E
SE
Department of Neurology, Sleep Disorders Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Suzanne.e.goldman@vanderbilt.edu
Hall
Martica
M
Boudreau
Robert
R
Matthews
Karen A
KA
Cauley
Jane A
JA
Ancoli-Israel
Sonia
S
Stone
Katie L
KL
Rubin
Susan M
SM
Satterfield
Suzanne
S
Simonsick
Eleanor M
EM
Newman
Anne B
AB
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014851:Wakefulness