Influence of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination on cellular immune response of guinea pigs challenged with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) currently remains the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis. In this study, we used a newly described flow cytometric technique to monitor changes in cell populations accumulating in the lungs and lymph nodes of naïve and vaccinated guinea pigs challenged by low-dose aerosol infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As anticipated, vaccinated guinea pigs controlled the growth of the challenge infection more efficiently than controls did. This early phase of bacterial control in immune animals was associated with increased accumulation of CD4 and CD8 T cells, including cells expressing the activation marker CD45, as well as macrophages expressing class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. As the infection continued, the numbers of T cells in the lungs of vaccinated animals waned, whereas the numbers of these cells expressing CD45 increased. Whereas BCG vaccination reduced the influx of heterophils (neutrophils) into the lungs, an early B-cell influx was observed in these vaccinated animals. Overall, vaccine protection was associated with reduced pathology and lung damage in the vaccinated animals. These data provide the first direct evidence that BCG vaccination accelerates the influx of protective T-cell and macrophage populations into the infected lungs, diminishes the accumulation of nonprotective cell populations, and reduces the severity of lung pathology.
Ordway
Diane
D
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA. D.Ordway-Rodriguez@colostate.edu
Henao-Tamayo
Marcela
M
Shanley
Crystal
C
Smith
Erin E
EE
Palanisamy
Gopinath
G
Wang
Baolin
B
Basaraba
Randall J
RJ
Orme
Ian M
IM
D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein