Cold exposure and sleep in the rat: REM sleep homeostasis and body size.
OBJECTIVE
Exposure to low ambient temperature (Ta) depresses REM sleep (REMS) occurrence. In this study, both short and long-term homeostatic aspects of REMS regulation were analyzed during cold exposure and during subsequent recovery at Ta 24 degrees C.


METHODS
EEG activity, hypothalamic temperature, and motor activity were studied during a 24-h exposure to Tas ranging from 10 degrees C to -10 degrees C and for 4 days during recovery.


METHODS
Laboratory of Physiological Regulation during the Wake-Sleep Cycle, Department of Human and General Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna.


METHODS
24 male albino rats.


METHODS
Animals were implanted with electrodes for EEG recording and a thermistor to measure hypothalamic temperature.


RESULTS
REMS occurrence decreased proportionally with cold exposure, but a fast compensatory REMS rebound occurred during the first day of recovery when the previous loss went beyond a "fast rebound" threshold corresponding to 22% of the daily REMS need. A slow REMS rebound apparently allowed the animals to fully restore the previous REMS loss during the following 3 days of recovery.


CONCLUSIONS
Comparing the present data on rats with data from earlier studies on cats and humans, it appears that small mammals have less tolerance for REMS loss than large ones. In small mammals, this low tolerance may be responsible on a short-term basis for the shorter wake-sleep cycle, and on long-term basis, for the higher percentage of REMS that is quickly recovered following REMS deprivation.
Amici
Roberto
R
Department of Human and General Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy. roberto.amici@unibo.it
Cerri
Matteo
M
Ocampo-Garcés
Adrian
A
Baracchi
Francesca
F
Dentico
Daniela
D
Jones
Christine Ann
CA
Luppi
Marco
M
Perez
Emanuele
E
Parmeggiani
Pier Luigi
PL
Zamboni
Giovanni
G
D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology*; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D013826:Theta Rhythm