Improvement of physical health and quality of life of alcohol-dependent individuals with topiramate treatment: US multisite randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Topiramate can improve drinking outcomes via a hypothesized mechanism of facilitating gamma-aminobutyric acid function and inhibiting glutaminergic pathways in the corticomesolimbic system. We sought to determine whether topiramate's antidrinking effects are bolstered by improvements in physical and psychosocial well-being.


METHODS
In a 17-site, 14-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we compared the effects of topiramate (up to 300 mg/d) vs placebo on physical health, obsessional thoughts and compulsions about using alcohol, and psychosocial well-being among 371 alcohol-dependent subjects who received weekly adherence enhancement therapy.


RESULTS
Topiramate was more efficacious than placebo in reducing body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) (mean difference, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-1.34; P < .001), all liver enzyme levels (P < .01 for all comparisons), plasma cholesterol level (mean difference, 13.30 mg/dL; 95% CI, 5.09-21.44 mg/dL; P = .002), and systolic (mean difference, 9.70 mm Hg; 95% CI, 6.81-12.60 mm Hg; P < .001) and diastolic (mean difference, 6.74 mm Hg; 95% CI, 4.57-8.90 mm Hg; P < .001) blood pressure to about prehypertension levels-effects that might lower the risk of fatty liver degeneration and cirrhosis as well as cardiovascular disease. Topiramate compared with placebo significantly (P < .05 for all comparisons) decreased obsessional thoughts and compulsions about using alcohol, increased subjects' psychosocial well-being, and improved some aspects of quality of life, thereby diminishing the risk of relapse and longer-term negative outcomes. Paresthesia, taste perversion, anorexia, and difficulty with concentration were reported more frequently for topiramate than for placebo.


CONCLUSIONS
Topiramate appears to be generally effective at improving the drinking outcomes and physical and psychosocial well-being of alcoholic subjects.
Johnson
Bankole A
BA
Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0623, USA. bankolejohnson@virginia.edu
Rosenthal
Norman
N
Capece
Julie A
JA
Wiegand
Frank
F
Mao
Lian
L
Beyers
Karen
K
McKay
Amy
A
Ait-Daoud
Nassima
N
Addolorato
Giovanni
G
Anton
Raymond F
RF
Ciraulo
Domenic A
DA
Kranzler
Henry R
HR
Mann
Karl
K
O'Malley
Stephanie S
SS
Swift
Robert M
RM
D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D000077236:Topiramate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose