Reliability of landmark identification on monitor-displayed lateral cephalometric images.
BACKGROUND
Our objective was to compare the reliability of landmark identification with hard-copied film images vs monitor-displayed images from digital lateral cephalograms.


METHODS
We randomly selected 50 orthodontic patients. Identification and digitization of the cephalometric landmarks were performed 3 times at 2-week intervals by 2 observers. The 2 methods of landmark identification were the hard-copied film-based method (HFM) and the monitor-displayed method (MDM). Each landmark was expressed as Cartesian coordinates (x and y). Two-factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in landmark identification and to estimate the characteristics of the landmarks with high errors. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed to assess interobserver reliability and intraobserver reliability between the methods.


RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in landmark identification between the 2 methods. The only significant differences between the observers were for porion, pogonion, and the most concave point of the anterior border of the ramus of both sides (R1).The interaction between method and observer did not show a significant difference. A test for intraobserver reliability showed excellent ICC of more than 0.910 except for basion and R1 with HFM. However, with MDM, all landmarks had excellent ICC scores of more than 0.98. MDM is better than HFM in situations of higher radiopacity or radiolucency. Assessment of interobserver reliability showed excellent ICC. However, MDM had better reliability than HFM for basion and R1.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no significant difference in landmark identification between MDM and HFM.
Yu
Sang-Hun
SH
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Nahm
Dong-Seok
DS
Baek
Seung-Hak
SH
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D016288:Computer Terminals; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015588:Observer Variation; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014962:X-Ray Film