The superior pedicle mammaplasty for the treatment of pedunculous breast.
OBJECTIVE
The superior pedicle mammaplasty is a technique frequently employed in the treatment of breast ptosis, associated or not with hypertrophy of the gland, followed by satisfactory results. This technique is normally not indicated in severe breast ptosis (pendulous breast) because of the excessive length of the pedicle supplying nipple-areola-complex (NAC), with the risk of ischemia. In these cases the standard technique is the free-nipple-graft mammaplasty. However, the deepen knowledge about vascular anatomy of the breast and the aptitude to perform superior pedicle mammaplasty, induced the authors to indicate this technique even in these cases improving the aesthetic and functional outcomes.


METHODS
The authors present a series of 30 patient with pendulous breasts, with sternal notch-nipple distance equal or superior to 32 cm (45 cm maximum; mean value 35.1), treated with the superior pedicle mammaplasty with inverted "T" scar. The results confirm the reliability of superior pedicle for the nipple-areolar complex blood supply, associated with satisfactory aesthetic results due especially to the good breast projection.


CONCLUSIONS
They conclude that superior pedicle technique mammaplasty, even if normally not indicated in these cases, is instead suitable for the treatment of pendulous breasts with great sternal notch-nipple distance, permitting to take advantages of this technique.
Papalia
Igor
I
Dipartimento delle Specialità Chirurgiche, Sezione di Chirurgia Plastica, Università di Messina, Italia. igorpapalia@hotmail.com
d'Alcontres
Francesco Stagno
FS
Colonna
Michele Rosario
MR
Mojallal
Ali M
AM
Foyatier
Jean-Louis
JL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome