Gold nanoparticles coated with a pyruvated trisaccharide epitope of the extracellular proteoglycan of Microciona prolifera as potential tools to explore carbohydrate-mediated cell recognition.
The species-specific cell adhesion in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera involves the interaction of an extracellular proteoglycan-like macromolecular complex, otherwise known as aggregation factor. In the interaction, two highly polyvalent functional domains play a role: a cell-binding and a self-interaction domain. The self-recognition has been characterized as a Ca(2+)-dependent carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction of repetitive low affinity carbohydrate epitopes. One of the involved epitopes is the pyruvated trisaccharide beta-d-Galp4,6(R)Pyr-(1-->4)-beta-d-GlcpNAc-(1-->3)-l-Fucp. To evaluate the role of this trisaccharide in the proteoglycan-proteoglycan self-recognition, beta-d-Galp4,6(R)Pyr-(1-->4)-beta-d-GlcpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha-l-Fucp-(1-->O)(CH(2))(3)S(CH(2))(6)SH was synthesized, and partially converted into gold glyconanoparticles. These mimics are being used to explore the self-interaction phenomenon for the trisaccharide epitope, via TEM aggregation experiments (gold glyconanoparticles) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments (self assembled monolayers; binding forces).
Carvalho de Souza
Adriana
A
Bijvoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, NL-3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands. j.p.kamerling@uu.nl
Vliegenthart
Johannes F G
JF
Kamerling
Johannis P
JP
D000818:Animals; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014312:Trisaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*
D000939:Epitopes; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014312:Trisaccharides; D006046:Gold