Kisspeptin and KISS1R: a critical pathway in the reproductive system.
In 2003, three groups around the world simultaneously discovered that KISS1R (GPR54) is a key gatekeeper of sexual maturation in both mice and men. Developmental changes in the expression of the ligand for KISS1R, kisspeptin, support its critical role in the pubertal transition. In addition, kisspeptin, a powerful stimulus of GNRH-induced gonadotropin secretion and may modulate both positive and negative sex steroid feedback effects at the hypothalamic level. Genetic studies in humans have revealed both loss-of-function and gainof-function mutations in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and precocious puberty respectively. This review examines the kisspeptin/KISS1R pathway in the reproductive system.
Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BHX 5, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. egianetti@partners.org
Elena
E
Gianetti
Stephanie
S
Seminara
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012741:Sexual Maturation / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
C106628:KISS1 protein, human; C118688:KISS1R protein, human; C491407:Kiss1 protein, mouse; C492248:Kiss1r protein, mouse; D059648:Kisspeptins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone