A simulation-based assessment of clinical breast examination technique: do patient and clinician factors affect clinician approach?
BACKGROUND
Recent publications describing widely accepted clinical breast examination (CBE) techniques have sparked interest in setting standards for CBE. In support of CBE training and assessment, the purpose of our study was to quantify CBE palpation techniques using simulation technology and assess the affects of clinical presentation and clinician background on CBE techniques.


METHODS
Three sensored silicone breast models were configured to represent 3 different clinical presentations. The models were examined by 102 clinicians at a local breast cancer meeting, and their performance was captured by using sensored based data acquisition technology.


RESULTS
Clinicians had significantly longer examination times on the fatty breast with no masses compared with the breast with a dominant mass and the breast with fibrocystic changes (66.37 seconds, 40.50 seconds, and 42.28 seconds, P < .05). In addition, on average, female clinicians had significantly greater examination times (females = 56.66 seconds, males = 42.09 seconds, P < .05) and touched more sensors (females = 7.97, males = 6.30, P < .05) with greater pressures (females = 5.21, males = 4.82, P < .05) than their male counterparts.


CONCLUSIONS
Clinical presentation and clinician background may affect CBE technique yet does not appear to negatively affect clinician accuracy. Additional research quantifying the range of CBE techniques used in medical practice may inform CBE standardization and competency testing.
Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron Street, Galter 10-105, Chicago, IL 60611-2908, USA. drpugh@northwestern.edu
Carla M
CM
Pugh
Zachary B
ZB
Domont
Lawrence H
LH
Salud
Katherine M
KM
Blossfield
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D012828:Silicones
D012828:Silicones