Multiple myeloma cancer stem cells.
Multiple myeloma is characterized by the clonal expansion of neoplastic plasma cells within the bone marrow, elevated serum immunoglobulin, and osteolytic bone disease. The disease is highly responsive to a wide variety of anticancer treatments including conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation therapy, and a growing number of agents with novel mechanisms of action. However, few if any patients are cured with these modalities and relapse remains a critical issue. A better understanding of clonogenic multiple myeloma cells is essential to ultimately improving long-term outcomes, but the nature of the cells responsible for myeloma regrowth and disease relapse is unclear. We review evidence that functional heterogeneity exists in multiple myeloma and discuss potential strategies and clinical implications of the stem-cell model of cancer in this disease.
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, CRB245, 1650 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
Carol Ann
CA
Huff
William
W
Matsui
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome