Sound-induced facial synkinesis following facial nerve paralysis.
Facial synkinesis (or synkinesia) (FS) occurs frequently after paresis or paralysis of the facial nerve and is in most cases due to aberrant regeneration of (branches of) the facial nerve. Patients suffer from inappropriate and involuntary synchronous facial muscle contractions. Here we describe two cases of sound-induced facial synkinesis (SFS) after facial nerve injury. As far as we know, this phenomenon has not been described in the English literature before. Patient A presented with right hemifacial palsy after lesion of the facial nerve due to skull base fracture. He reported involuntary muscle activity at the right corner of the mouth, specifically on hearing ringing keys. Patient B suffered from left hemifacial palsy following otitis media and developed involuntary muscle contraction in the facial musculature specifically on hearing clapping hands or a trumpet sound. Both patients were evaluated by means of video, audio and EMG analysis. Possible mechanisms in the pathophysiology of SFS are postulated and therapeutic options are discussed.
Ma
Ming-San
MS
Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
van der Hoeven
Johannes H
JH
Nicolai
Jean-Philippe A
JP
Meek
Marcel F
MF
D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound / Q000009:adverse effects*; D046608:Synkinesis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome