Oomycete RXLR effectors: delivery, functional redundancy and durable disease resistance.
To manipulate host defences, plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete and translocate RXLR effectors into plant cells. Recent reports have indicated that RXLR effectors are translocated from the extrahaustorial matrix during the biotrophic phase of infection and that they are able to suppress PAMP-triggered immunity. Oomycete genomes contain potentially hundreds of highly diverse RXLR effector genes, providing the potential for considerable functional redundancy and the consequent ability to readily shed effectors that are recognised by plant surveillance systems without compromising pathogenic fitness. Understanding how these effectors are translocated, their precise roles in virulence, and the extent to which functional redundancy exists in oomycete RXLR effector complements, are major challenges for the coming years.
Division of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK. pbirch@scri.ac.uk
Paul R J
PR
Birch
Petra C
PC
Boevink
Eleanor M
EM
Gilroy
Ingo
I
Hein
Leighton
L
Pritchard
Stephen C
SC
Whisson
D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
D020418:Algal Proteins