Stability and intra-individual variation of urinary malondialdehyde and 2-naphthol.
OBJECTIVE
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation by-product, has been widely used as an indicator of oxidative stress. Urinary 2-naphthol, a urinary PAH metabolite, is used as a marker of ambient particulate exposure and is associated with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the stability and intra-individual variation associated with urinary MDA and 2-naphthol have not been thoroughly addressed. The objective of this study was to assess the stability and intraindividual variation associated with urinary MDA and 2-naphthol.


METHODS
Urine samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 34, range 27 approximately 42 years old). Each sample was divided into three aliquots and stored under three different conditions. The levels of urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were analyzed 1) just after sampling, 2) after storage at room temperature (21 degrees C) for 16 hours, and 3) after storage in a -20 degrees C freezer for 16 hours. In addition, an epidemiological study was conducted in 44 Chinese subjects over a period of 3 weeks. The urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were measured by HPLC three times.


RESULTS
There was no difference in the levels of urinary MDA and 2-naphthol between the triplicate measurements (n=10, p=0.84 and p=0.83, respectively). The intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for urinary MDA and 2-naphthol were 0.74 and 0.42, respectively. However, the levels of PM2.5 in the air were well correlated with the levels of both MDA and 2-naphthol in the epidemiological study.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that urinary MDA and 2-naphthol remain stable under variable storage conditions, even at room temperature for 16 hours, and indicate that these markers can be used in epidemiological studies involving various sample storage conditions. The intra-CC of urinary 2-naphthol and MDA were acceptable for application to epidemiological studies.
Lee
Kyoung Ho
KH
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute for Environmental Medicine, SNUMRC, Seoul, Korea.
Kang
Daehee
D
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009284:Naphthols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D015415:Biomarkers; D009284:Naphthols; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C028405:2-naphthol