Cerebral immune activation in chronic hepatitis C infection: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
OBJECTIVE
Abnormal cerebral metabolism and cognitive impairments have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) but studies have failed to demonstrate a relationship between these findings.


METHODS
Twenty-five HCV-positive patients with histologically-mild liver disease were studied with cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), using acquisition parameters to quantify myo-inositol (mI) and other metabolites in frontal white matter (FWM). Patients underwent automated attention and working memory tests (Cognitive Drug Research test system).


RESULTS
The mean mI/ creatine ratio in the HCV+ve patients (0.64, SD 0.21) was significantly higher (p=0.02) than in healthy controls (0.52, SD 0.10). On cognitive testing, the HCV+ve patients showed impairments in 2/4 composite scores, reflecting working memory and attention, compared to normative data from healthy volunteers (p<0.005) and HCV-ve controls (p=0.03). There was a significant association between elevated FWM mI/creatine and prolonged working memory reaction times (R=0.72, p=0.002).


CONCLUSIONS
Elevated FWM mI/ creatine is a feature of HIV-related minor cognitive-motor disorder. It is associated with infection and immune activation of microglial cells. The similar findings in this study suggest that cerebral immune activation may also occur in HCV infection. This may underlie the mild neurocognitive impairment and neuropsychological symptoms observed in a proportion of patients.
Forton
Daniel M
DM
Hepatology Section, Division of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. dforton@sgul.ac.uk
Hamilton
Gavin
G
Allsop
Joanna M
JM
Grover
Vijay P
VP
Wesnes
Keith
K
O'Sullivan
Catherine
C
Thomas
Howard C
HC
Taylor-Robinson
Simon D
SD
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology*; D007294:Inositol / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011522:Protons
D011522:Protons; D007294:Inositol; D003401:Creatine