Reproductive disruption in fish downstream from an estrogenic wastewater effluent.
To assess the impact of an estrogenic wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent on fish reproduction, white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) were collected from immediately upstream and downstream (effluent site) of the city of Boulder, CO, WWTP outfall. Gonadal intersex, altered sex ratios, reduced gonad size, disrupted ovarian and testicular histopathology, and vitellogenin induction consistent with exposure to estrogenic wastewater contaminants were identified in white suckers downstream from the WWTP outfall and not at the upstream site. The sex ratio was female-biased at the effluent site in both the fall of 2003 and the spring of 2004; the frequency of males at the effluent site (17-21%) was half that of the upstream site (36-46%). Intersex white suckers comprised 18-22% of the population at the effluent site. Intersex fish were not found at the upstream site. Chemical analyses determined that the WWTP effluent contained a complex mixture of endocrine-active chemicals, including 17beta-estradiol (E2) 17alpha-ethynylestradiol, alkylphenols, and bisphenol A resulting in an estimated total estrogen equivalence of up to 31 ng E2 L(-1). These results indicate that the reproductive potential of native fishes may be compromised in wastewater-dominated streams.
Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, UCB 354, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. alan.vajda@colorado.edu
Alan M
AM
Vajda
Larry B
LB
Barber
James L
JL
Gray
Elena M
EM
Lopez
John D
JD
Woodling
David O
DO
Norris
D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000032:analysis; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification
D004967:Estrogens; D014819:Vitellogenins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone