Simvastatin reduces endothelial activation and damage but is partially ineffective in inducing endothelial repair in systemic sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether statins may improve endothelial function in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by evaluating the effects of simvastatin on vasculogenesis [indicated by the expansion of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)] and the markers of vascular injury in the peripheral blood of patients with SSc.


METHODS
Twenty SSc patients with normal cholesterol concentrations and 20 hypercholesterolemic subjects were allocated to receive 20 mg/day simvastatin for 12 weeks. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and 12 weeks after initiation of treatment, and 4 weeks after discontinuation. Five-parameter, 3-color flow cytometry was performed with a FacScan to enumerate EPC and mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Levels of soluble E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 6, and endothelin-1 were assessed by commercial ELISA.


RESULTS
Simvastatin treatment significantly increased EPC in the hypercholesterolemic group, but failed to improve the EPC levels in the SSc patients, mainly in patients with late disease. Baseline levels of CEC were significantly higher in SSc patients compared with controls and at the end of the treatment they were significantly decreased. Regarding other markers of endothelial activation, we found that all the cytokine levels decreased in a statistically significant manner in the treated patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with simvastatin results in rapid and significant improvement of measures of endothelial activation, suggesting a potential role of statins in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease in SSc. The lack of effect on increase of EPC confirms our previous findings of a defective endothelial stem cell recruitment in the bone marrow of SSc patients. This could indicate that the potential effectiveness of statins in SSc could mainly be ascribed to their effectiveness in modulating endothelial activation mechanisms.
Del Papa
Nicoletta
N
Department of Rheumatology, G. Pini Hospital, Milano, Italy. delpapa@gpini.it
Cortiana
Michela
M
Vitali
Claudio
C
Silvestris
Ilaria
I
Maglione
Wanda
W
Comina
Denise P
DP
Lucchi
Tiziano
T
Cortelezzi
Agostino
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin