Paradoxical elevated thiopurine S-methyltransferase activity after pancytopenia during azathioprine therapy: potential influence of red blood cell age.
There is an increased risk of developing bone marrow depression and infections during azathioprine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with low or absent thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity have an increased risk of developing myelotoxicity. We describe a patient who developed pancytopenia combined with cytomegalovirus pneumonia after several years of azathioprine use. The bone marrow depression was probably caused by the viral infection, as all others causative factors were unlikely. Surprisingly, we observed grossly elevated TPMT activity (182 nmol/g/h) during the recovery phase, following the pancytopenic period. After complete recovery of the bone marrow suppression, TPMT activity returned to usual reference activity (43 nmol/g/h). This remarkable change in enzymatic activity of TPMT may be explained by differences in the age of red blood cells, as younger erythrocytes have a higher TPMT activity. Determination of a patient's TPMT status by phenotyping should therefore not be performed just after bone marrow depression or in cases of activated erythropoieses.
de Boer
Nanne K H
NK
Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. KHN.deBoer@vumc.nl
van Bodegraven
Adriaan A
AA
de Graaf
Peer
P
van der Hulst
Rene W M
RW
Zoetekouw
Lida
L
van Kuilenburg
André B P
AB
D000293:Adolescent; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D004905:Erythrocyte Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000097:blood*; D010198:Pancytopenia / Q000201:enzymology*
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D001379:Azathioprine