HIV-1 accessory proteins--ensuring viral survival in a hostile environment.
One of the features of primate immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs and SIVs) that distinguishes them from other retroviruses is the array of "accessory" proteins they encode. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interactions of the HIV-1 Nef, Vif, Vpu, and Vpr proteins with factors and pathways expressed in cells of the immune system. In at least three instances, the principal activity of the accessory proteins appears to be evasion from various forms of cell-mediated (or intrinsic), antiviral resistance. Broadly speaking, the HIV-1 accessory proteins modify the local environment within infected cells to ensure viral persistence, replication, dissemination, and transmission.
Malim
Michael H
MH
Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, 2nd Floor, Borough Wing, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, SE1 9RT, UK. michael.malim@kcl.ac.uk
Emerman
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins
D054298:Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; C514859:vpu protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D000086082:Viroporin Proteins