The prognostic impact of M-CSF, CSF-1 receptor, CD68 and CD3 in prostatic carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) binds to colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) and stimulates proliferation and differentiation of monocytes, macrophages and their bone marrow progenitors. M-CSF, CSF-1R, the macrophage marker CD68, and the pan T-lymphocyte marker CD3 are increased in many human cancers. Their prognostic importance in primary prostatic carcinoma has not been fully delineated. The aim was to compare the expression of M-CSF, CSF-1R, CD68 and CD3 in metastatic and non-metastatic prostatic cancer.


RESULTS
Digital video analysis of tumour cell areas and tumour stromal areas was performed in 59 cancer specimens: 32 patients with metastases and 27 patients without metastases. Expression of M-CSF and CSF-1R was recorded as 0 (negative immunoreactivity), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate) or 3 (strong reactivity). Macrophages (CD68) and T lymphocytes (CD3) were detected as proportions of moderately or strongly immunoreactive cells. Patients with metastatic primary cancers showed higher expression of M-CSF (P < 0.0001, P = 0.005), CSF-1R (both P < 0.0001) and CD3 (P = 0.007, P < 0.0001) in both tumour cell areas and tumour stromal areas, compared with the non-metastatic cancers.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that expression of M-CSF, CSF-1R and CD3 is a significant prognostic factor in primary prostatic cancers by predicting the development of metastases.
Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. elin.richardsen@unn.no
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E
Richardsen
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Uglehus
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J
Due
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C
Busch
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LT
Busund
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule