Ethnoveterinary practices for the treatment of parasitic diseases in livestock in Cholistan desert (Pakistan).
OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary medicinal (EVM) practices for the treatment of different parasitic diseases of livestock in Cholistan desert, Pakistan.


METHODS
An initial reconnaissance survey (rapid rural appraisal) among the local shepherds was conducted to identify the traditional healers. Information was collected from the traditional healers using a well-structured questionnaire through open-ended interviews and guided dialogue technique.


RESULTS
The parasitic diseases reported in livestock were: tick and lice infestation, mange, myiasis and helminthiasis. A total of 77 ethnoveterinary practices comprising of 49 based on plant usage and 28 based on dairy products, chemicals and other organic matter were documented. A total of 18 plant species representing 14 families were documented to treat the parasitic diseases. The plants included: Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae), Aizoon carariense (Aizoaceae), Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), Brassica campestris (Cruciferae), Capparis decidua (Capparaceae), Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae), Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae), Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae), Calligonum polygonoides (Polygonaceae), Eruca sativa (Cruciferae), Ferula assafoetida (Umbelliferae), Haloxylon salicornicum (Chenopodiaceae), Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae), Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae), Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae), Salsola baryosma (Chenopodiaceae), Solanum surratens (Solanaceae) and Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae).


CONCLUSIONS
The EVM practices documented in this study need to be validated using standard parasitological procedures. Issues that should be addressed are efficacy (vis-à-vis claims made by the respondents), quality, safety and standardization of doses.
Farooq
Zahid
Z
Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. zafaruaf@yahoo.com
Iqbal
Zafar
Z
Mushtaq
Shakila
S
Muhammad
Ghulam
G
Iqbal
Muhammad Zafar
MZ
Arshad
Muhammad
M
D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019155:Veterinary Drugs