High-resolution whole-mount imaging of three-dimensional tissue organization and gene expression enables the study of Phloem development and structure in Arabidopsis.
Currently, examination of the cellular structure of plant organs and the gene expression therein largely relies on the production of tissue sections. Here, we present a staining technique that can be used to image entire plant organs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. This technique produces high-resolution images that allow three-dimensional reconstruction of the cellular organization of plant organs. Importantly, three-dimensional domains of gene expression can be analyzed with single-cell precision. We used this technique for a detailed examination of phloem cells in the wild type and mutants. We were also able to recognize phloem sieve elements and their differentiation state in any tissue type and visualize the structure of sieve plates. We show that in the altered phloem development mutant, a hybrid cell type with phloem and xylem characteristics develops from initially normally differentiated protophloem cells. The simplicity of sieve element data collection allows for the statistical analysis of structural parameters of sieve plates, essential for the calculation of phloem conductivity. Taken together, this technique significantly improves the speed and accuracy of the investigation of plant growth and development.
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité de Recherche 501, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles cedex, France.
Elisabeth
E
Truernit
Hélène
H
Bauby
Bertrand
B
Dubreucq
Olivier
O
Grandjean
John
J
Runions
Julien
J
Barthélémy
Jean-Christophe
JC
Palauqui
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D052585:Phloem / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results