Prospective change in health-related quality of life and subsequent mortality among middle-aged and older women.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to determine prospective changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures and subsequent mortality in middle-aged and older women.


METHODS
We obtained data from 40 337 healthy women from the Nurses' Health Study aged 46 to 71 years in 1992. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations of changes in self-assessed physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores from the Short Form 36 Health Survey between 1992 and 1996 and between 1996 and 2000, with all-cause mortality through 2004.


RESULTS
Women with low HRQoL (PCS and MCS scores) and the greatest HRQoL declines had higher mortality than did women with stable scores. Change in PCS score predicted mortality across the range of 4-year change: severe decline (relative risk [RR] = 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.45, 4.50), moderate decline (RR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.79), slight decline (RR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.63), no change (reference category), improvement (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.91; continuous P < .001). MCS score results were similar. Score increases were associated with lifestyle improvements, especially increased physical activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Observed associations demonstrate the predictive validity of changes in self-assessed HRQoL for subsequent mortality in healthy populations. Future research should examine determinants of patterns of change.
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ckroenke@berkeley.edu
Candyce H
CH
Kroenke
Laura D
LD
Kubzansky
Nancy
N
Adler
Ichiro
I
Kawachi
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008136:Longevity; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009726:Nurses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health