Advances in bacterial promoter recognition and its control by factors that do not bind DNA.
Early work identified two promoter regions, the -10 and -35 elements, that interact sequence specifically with bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). However, we now know that several additional promoter elements contact RNAP and influence transcription initiation. Furthermore, our picture of promoter control has evolved beyond one in which regulation results solely from activators and repressors that bind to DNA sequences near the RNAP binding site: many important transcription factors bind directly to RNAP without binding to DNA. These factors can target promoters by affecting specific kinetic steps on the pathway to open complex formation, thereby regulating RNA output from specific promoters.
Haugen
Shanil P
SP
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Ross
Wilma
W
Gourse
Richard L
RL
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases