Malignant glomus tumour: a case report and review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
Glomus tumours are characteristically benign solitary tumours. At our knowledge, about 23 reports are present in literature regarding the malignant counterpart, but only a minority developed metastases. We describe a locally aggressive glomus tumour with lymphnode metastasis.


METHODS
The patient was a 40 year-old man presenting a 1.5-cm lesion on the right wrist incompletely excised and a recurrent tumour, 4 x 2 cm in size, removed after 9 months, for which he received radiotherapy. After 2 years he developed an axillary lymphnode metastasis.


RESULTS
Histologically, both tumours (primary and metastasis) were similar. There were sheets and nests of uniform small cells with scant eosinophilic cytoplasm and round to polygonal nuclei; there was some degree of pleomorphism and the mitotic index was high (up to 18 m/10 HPF). The tumour cells were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin, but negative for desmin, NSE, Factor VIII, chromogranin, cytokeratin. Remarkably, in the primary, the cells strongly expressed p53 (70%) and MIB-1 (35%).


CONCLUSIONS
In many reported malignant cases, the histology of the tumour cells suggested that they were malignant, yet the clinical course has been benign. Carefully reviewing the literature, it seems that actually we have enough histological criteria to identify the cases with biological adverse outcome. Those unfortunate cases behave as high grade sarcomas and therefore may deserve an aggressive therapeutic treatment.
De Chiara
Annarosaria
A
Department of Pathology Istituto dei Tumori di Napoli ‘G. Pascale’ di Napoli Via M. Semmola Napoli 80131 Italy.
Apice
Gaetano
G
Mori
Stefano
S
Silvestro
Giustino
G
Losito
Simona N
SN
Botti
Gerardo
G
Ninfo
Vito
V