Thorium series radionuclides in the environment: measurement, dose assessment and regulation.
Environmental radioactivity research is more advanced for the (238)U series than for the (232)Th series, for a number of reasons. One reason is that some radionuclides of the (232)Th series are more difficult to measure than the corresponding isotopes in the (238)U series, and measurement techniques are less widely available. The (232)Th series population doses, however, are sometimes significant. This paper analyses some main radionuclides in the (232)Th series in comparison with corresponding nuclides in the (238)U series, with regard to measurement techniques, dose coefficients and regulation needs.
Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Cristina
C
Nuccetelli
Serena
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Risica
D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005544:Forecasting; D033161:Government Regulation; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D017751:Safety Management / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D013910:Thorium / Q000032:analysis*
D011868:Radioisotopes; D013910:Thorium