Pharmacovigilance: methods, recent developments and future perspectives.
BACKGROUND
Pharmacovigilance, defined by the World Health Organisation as 'the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem' plays a key role in ensuring that patients receive safe drugs. Our knowledge of a drug's adverse reactions can be increased by various means, including spontaneous reporting, intensive monitoring and database studies. New processes, both at a regulatory and a scientific level, are being developed with the aim of strengthening pharmacovigilance. On a regulatory level, these include conditional approval and risk management plans; on a scientific level, transparency and increased patient involvement are two important elements.


OBJECTIVE
To review and discuss various aspects of pharmacovigilance, including new methodological developments.
Härmark
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L
Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. l.harmark@lareb.nl
van Grootheest
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D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016208:Databases, Factual; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D014944:World Health Organization