Prospective randomized study for optimal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure.
BACKGROUND
The large clinical trials proved that Basal-Bolus (BB) insulin therapy was effective in the prevention of diabetic complications and their progression. However, BB therapy needs multiple insulin injections per a day. In this regard, a biphasic insulin analogue needs only twice-daily injections, and is able to correct postprandial hyperglycemia. Therefore it may achieve the blood glucose control as same as that of BB therapy and prevent the diabetic complications including macroangiopathy.


METHODS
In PROBE (Prospective, Randomized, Open, Blinded-Endpoint) design, forty-two type 2 diabetic patients (male: 73.8%, median(inter quartile range) age: 64.5(56.8-71.0)years) with secondary failure of sulfonylurea (SU) were randomly assigned to BB therapy with a thrice-daily insulin aspart and once-daily basal insulin (BB group) or to conventional therapy with a twice-daily biphasic insulin analogue (30 Mix group), and were followed up for 6 months to compare changes in HbA1c, daily glycemic profile, intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery, adiponectin levels, amounts of insulin used, and QOL between the two groups.


RESULTS
After 6 months, HbA1c was significantly reduced in both groups compared to baseline (30 Mix; 9.3(8.1-11.3) --> 7.4(6.9-8.7)%, p < 0.01, vs BB;8.9(7.7-10.0) --> 6.9(6.2-7.3)%, p < 0.01), with no significant difference between the groups in percentage change in HbA1c (30 Mix; -14.7(-32.5- (-)7.5)% vs BB -17.8(-30.1- (-)11.1)%, p = 0.32). There was a significant decrease in daily glycemic profile at all points except dinner time in both groups compared to baseline. There was a significant increase in the amount of insulin used in the 30 Mix group after treatment compared to baseline (30 Mix;0.30(0.17-0.44) --> 0.39(0.31-0.42) IU/kg, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in IMT, BMI, QOL or adiponectin levels in either group compared to baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
Both BB and 30 mix group produced comparable reductions in HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure. There was no significant change in IMT as an indicator of early atherosclerotic changes between the two groups. The basal-bolus insulin therapy may not be necessarily needed if the type 2 diabetic patients have become secondary failure.


BACKGROUND
Current Controlled Trials number, NCT00348231.
Miyashita
Yumi
Y
Division of diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. yumi-m@jikei.ac.jp
Nishimura
Rimei
R
Nemoto
Masami
M
Matsudaira
Toru
T
Kurata
Hideaki
H
Yokota
Tamotsu
T
Yokota
Kuninobu
K
Tojo
Katsuyoshi
K
Utsunomiya
Kazunori
K
Tajima
Naoko
N
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology
D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds