Ahmed valve implantation with adjunctive mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil: long-term outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate long-term outcomes after Ahmed valve implantation in patients with glaucoma when using adjunctive intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) and postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).


METHODS
Retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series.


METHODS
A consecutive series of eyes undergoing Ahmed valve implantation, either alone (AHMED eyes) or in combination with cataract surgery (AHMED+PHACO), using both intraoperative MMC and postoperative 5-FU were evaluated. Failure was defined as the first occurrence of any of the following: 1) the first of three consecutive visits where intraocular pressure (IOP) was >18 mm Hg or <20% IOP reduction from baseline and the final number of topical medications was not reduced by at least two from baseline, 2) the need for additional surgery, or 3) the development of serious complications.


RESULTS
A total of 130 eyes underwent Ahmed valve implantation with intraoperative exposure to 0.5 mg/ml MMC (median time: eight minutes; range, four to 10) and postoperative subconjunctival injections of 5 mg of 5-FU (median: five injections; range, zero to nine). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative probability of valve success and confidence interval (CI) at the sixth follow-up year were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.82) for AHMED eyes (n = 88), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.93) for AHMED+PHACO eyes (n = 42). A median of two fewer medications were required relative to baseline for both AHMED and AHMED+PHACO eyes.


CONCLUSIONS
The adjunctive use of both intraoperative MMC and postoperative 5-FU with Ahmed valve implantation results in high success rates. IOP was well controlled in the majority of patients within the six-year postoperative period.
Alvarado
Jorge A
JA
Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. alvaradoj@vision.ucsf.edu
Hollander
David A
DA
Juster
Richard P
RP
Lee
Lillian C
LC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000477:Alkylating Agents; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil