Nutritional status and its correlates in Equatorial Guinean preschool children: results from a nationally representative survey.
BACKGROUND
In Equatorial Guinea, as a result of the recent growth of the oil industry, there is an opportunity to address important public health problems through public and private initiatives. To propose effective nutrition and public health strategies, it is important first to have reliable information on the nutritional status of the population and the underlying factors affecting it.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the nutritional status and the prevalence of anemia among Equatoguinean children in a nationally representative sample and to identify the risk factors associated with the nutritional problems detected.


METHODS
The study was a cross-sectional survey using a multistaged, stratified, cluster-selected sample. The survey included a sociodemographic, health, and dietary questionnaire and measurement of hematocrit and anthropometric features, from which nutritional indicators based on the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards were calculated. Logistic regression models were used for the multivariate analysis. A total of 552 children aged 0 to 60 months were surveyed.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of stunting (< -2 height-for-age z-scores [HAZ]) was 29.7% based on the NCHS reference and 35.2% based on WHO standards; the risk factors associated with stunting were age (p < .0001), low socioeconomic status (p = .01), and fishing by a member of the household (p = .003) The prevalence of mild anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) was 69.3%, and that of moderate or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 80 g/L) was 8.3%. The only significant risk factor associated with moderate to severe anemia was low household socioeducational level (p = .01).


CONCLUSIONS
Stunting and anemia are public health problems in Equatorial Guinea. Integrated strategies, including fighting poverty and improving maternal education, should be undertaken.
National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. ecustodio@isciii.es [corrected]
Estefanía
E
Custodio
Miguel Angel
MA
Descalzo
Jesús
J
Roche
Ignacio
I
Sánchez
Laura
L
Molina
Magdalena
M
Lwanga
Cristina
C
Bernis
Eduardo
E
Villamor
Ana
A
Baylin
D000367:Age Factors; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D016703:Equatorial Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires