Effect of calcium supplementation on fracture risk: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
The effect of supplementation with calcium alone on risk fractures in a healthy population is not clear.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to determine whether 4 y of calcium supplementation would reduce the fracture risk during treatment and subsequent follow-up in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.


METHODS
The participants were aged <80 y at study entry (mean age: 61 y), were generally healthy, and had a recent diagnosis of colorectal adenoma. A total of 930 participants (72% men; mean age: 61 y) were randomly assigned to receive 4 y of treatment with 3 g CaCO(3) (1200 mg elemental Ca) daily or placebo and were followed for a mean of 10.8 y. The primary outcomes of this analysis were all fractures and minimal trauma fractures (caused by a fall from standing height or lower while sitting, standing, or walking).


RESULTS
There were 46 fractures (15 from minimal trauma) in 464 participants in the calcium group and 54 (29 from minimal trauma) in 466 participants in the placebo group. The overall risk of fracture differed significantly between groups during the treatment phase [hazard ratio (HR): 0.28; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.85], but not during the subsequent posttreatment follow-up (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.69). Minimal trauma fractures were also less frequent in the calcium group during treatment (HR: 0; 95% CI: 0, 0.50).


CONCLUSIONS
Calcium supplementation reduced the risk of all fractures and of minimal trauma fractures among healthy individuals. The benefit appeared to dissipate after treatment was stopped. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00153816.
Bischoff-Ferrari
Heike A
HA
Department of Rheumatology and Institute of Physical Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. hbischof@hsph.harvard.edu
Rees
Judy R
JR
Grau
Maria V
MV
Barry
Elizabeth
E
Gui
Jiang
J
Baron
John A
JA
D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D018570:Risk Assessment
D010919:Placebos; D002119:Calcium Carbonate