Smoking and deployment: perspectives of junior-enlisted U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army personnel and their supervisors.
Smoking during deployments is a growing problem, particularly among junior-enlisted personnel, who have the highest smoking rates in the military. Few studies have examined reasons for smoking initiation among never smokers, relapse among former smokers, or increased smoking frequency among current smokers. We conducted 24 focus groups at four Air Force and two Army installations (N = 189) to examine the extent of smoking during deployment and to elucidate factors thought to contribute to new initiation, relapse, and increased smoking in a sample of junior-enlisted personnel and their supervisors. Important reasons for smoking included: (1) managing stress, boredom, anxiety, and sleep deprivation; (2) lack of alternate activities and privileges; (3) the perception that dangers in the field trumps the health impact of smoking; and (4) the role of the military environment in encouraging smoking. In addition, the phenomenon of new initiation and relapse to smoking in the field was discussed.
School of Medicine, M3-C03, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108-2792, USA.
Walker S C
WS
Poston
Jennifer E
JE
Taylor
Kevin M
KM
Hoffman
Alan L
AL
Peterson
Harry A
HA
Lando
Suzanne
S
Shelton
C Keith
CK
Haddock
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008887:Military Medicine; D008889:Military Personnel; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D040241:Social Marketing; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology