Molecular pathology of thymic epithelial neoplasms.
The etiology and molecular pathogenesis of thymic tumors are unknown. However, during the last two decades there has been some progress on elucidating the genetic abnormalities present and molecular pathways altered in thymic tumors. These abnormalities, while bearing distinctions and similarities to those described in other tumors, can be organized under the "hallmarks of cancer," as proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg. These changes include self-sufficiency in growth signaling, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, ability to evade apoptosis, limitless replicative potential, ability to sustain angiogenesis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. However, this progress is still limited and has not led to better tumor classifications, prognostication of outcome, and design of molecular targeted therapy.
Department of Pathology-Unit 85, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
Elisabetta
E
Kuhn
Ignacio I
II
Wistuba
D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D013945:Thymoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology