Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in urothelial carcinomas of the bladder: association with differentiation, proliferation and clinical outcome.
OBJECTIVE
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that regulates the transcription of various target genes. Our purpose is to investigate the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of PPARgamma expression in human urothelial bladder cancer (BUC).


METHODS
Immunohistochemistry was applied in 117 paraffin-embedded specimens of human BUC to detect the proteins PPARgamma and Ki67. The image analysis method was used for the evaluation of the immunohistochemical staining.


RESULTS
PPARgamma protein was localized in the nuclei of the malignant cells. Its expression was inversely associated with the stage of BUCs (p<0.001), tumor grade (p=0.007) and the expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 (p=0.015) while it was found to exert a favorable effect on patients' overall survival (p=0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the present study suggest that in BUC, PPARgamma expression can identify patients with a better prognosis who suffer from more differentiated, non-invasive tumors, of a low proliferative potential.
First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
E
E
Mylona
I
I
Giannopoulou
K
K
Diamantopoulou
P
P
Bakarakos
A
A
Nomikos
A
A
Zervas
L
L
Nakopoulou
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047495:PPAR gamma