Fabrication and characterization of functionally graded nano-micro porous titanium surface by anodizing.
The purpose of this study was to fabricate and characterize nanotubular structure on machined titanium (MA) and resorbable blast media (RBM) treated titanium by anodizing. The anodized MA and RBM were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy disperse spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and nano-indentation and scratch test. Highly ordered nanotubular layers of individually 100 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length approximately were formed regardless of the substrates. The nanotubular layers consisted mainly of amorphous TiO(2) with trace fluorine. The nanotubular surfaces on both the substrates significantly reduced water contact angles and elastic modulus compared with those prior to anodizing. The anodizing treatment significantly increased the surface roughness of the smooth MA, but significantly decreased the surface roughness of the roughened RBM. The critical delamination forces of the nanotubular layer were not obtained due to the limitation of surface roughness. The anodized RBM consisted of a nano-micro porous graded structure, or a nanotubular amorphous fluoride containing TiO(2) layer on top of micro-roughened titanium surface, which is expected to significantly improve the surface area that can be used to deliver drugs and growth factors and alleviate the interfacial elastic modulus mismatch as to enhance osseointegration when compared with conventional dental and orthopedic implant devices with smooth or acid etched surface.
Kim
Hyun-Seung
HS
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
Yang
Yunzhi
Y
Koh
Jeong-Tae
JT
Lee
Kyung-Ku
KK
Lee
Doh-Jae
DJ
Lee
Kwang-Min
KM
Park
Sang-Won
SW
D004583:Electrons; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016062:Porosity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D014867:Water; D014025:Titanium