Impact of disease management on utilization and adherence with drugs and tests: the case of diabetes treatment in the Florida: a Healthy State (FAHS) program.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of telephonic care management within a diabetes disease management program on adherence to treatment with hypoglycemic agents, ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), statins, and recommended laboratory tests in a Medicaid population.


METHODS
A total of 2,598 patients with diabetes enrolled for at least 2 years in Florida: A Healthy State (FAHS), a large Medicaid disease management program, who received individualized telephonic care management were selected if they were eligible for at least 12 months before and 12 months after beginning care management. Patients were matched one-to-one on all baseline characteristics to 2,598 control patients. The impact of care management on utilization and adherence rates for diabetes-related medications and tests was analyzed with the difference-in-difference estimator.


RESULTS
Changes in utilization were evaluated separately for those who were characterized as adherent to treatment at baseline ("users") and those who were not ("nonusers"). Both groups achieved significant improvement in adherence between baseline and follow-up. Nonusers increased their overall hypoglycemic use by 0.7 script (P < 0.001), by 0.7 script for ACEIs and statins (both P < 0.001), by 0.8 test for A1C (P < 0.001), and by 0.7 test for lipids (P < 0.001). Users increased hypoglycemic use by 1.5 scripts (P < 0.001) and insulin use by 0.9 script (P < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The FAHS telephonic care management intervention effectively induced Medicaid patients with diabetes to begin treatment and improved adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and recommended tests. It also substantially improved adherence among baseline insulin users.
Pfizer Health Solutions, New York, New York, USA. ptrck_thbd@yahoo.com
Patrick
P
Thiebaud
Michael
M
Demand
Scott A
SA
Wolf
Linda L
LL
Alipuria
Qin
Q
Ye
Peter R
PR
Gutierrez
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019090:Case Management; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008484:Medicaid / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D044469:Racial Groups; D013689:Telephone; D014481:United States; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents