Lineage-specific polycomb targets and de novo DNA methylation define restriction and potential of neuronal progenitors.
Cellular differentiation entails loss of pluripotency and gain of lineage- and cell-type-specific characteristics. Using a murine system that progresses from stem cells to lineage-committed progenitors to terminally differentiated neurons, we analyzed DNA methylation and Polycomb-mediated histone H3 methylation (H3K27me3). We show that several hundred promoters, including pluripotency and germline-specific genes, become DNA methylated in lineage-committed progenitor cells, suggesting that DNA methylation may already repress pluripotency in progenitor cells. Conversely, we detect loss and acquisition of H3K27me3 at additional targets in both progenitor and terminal states. Surprisingly, many neuron-specific genes that become activated upon terminal differentiation are Polycomb targets only in progenitor cells. Moreover, promoters marked by H3K27me3 in stem cells frequently become DNA methylated during differentiation, suggesting context-dependent crosstalk between Polycomb and DNA methylation. These data suggest a model how de novo DNA methylation and dynamic switches in Polycomb targets restrict pluripotency and define the developmental potential of progenitor cells.
Mohn
Fabio
F
Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Weber
Michael
M
Rebhan
Michael
M
Roloff
Tim C
TC
Richter
Jens
J
Stadler
Michael B
MB
Bibel
Miriam
M
Schübeler
Dirk
D
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology
D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C000605730:PAX6 protein, human; C015772:CpG dinucleotide