Phase contrast soft x-ray microscopy using Zernike zone plates.
Soft x-ray Zernike phase contrast microscopy was implemented using a "Zernike zone plate" (ZZP) without the use of a separate phase filter in the back focal plane. The ZZP is a single optic that integrates the appropriate +/-pi/2 radians phase shift through selective zone placement shifts in a Fresnel zone plate. Imaging using a regular zone plate, positive ZZP, and negative ZZP was performed at a wavelength of lambda = 2.163 nm. Contrast enhancement with the positive ZZP and contrast reversal with the negative ZZP were observed.
1University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. aesakdinawat@lbl.gov
Anne
A
Sakdinawat
Yanwei
Y
Liu
D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods