Levels of As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Se and Zn in bovine kidneys and livers in Jamaica.
Paired liver and kidney samples from 100 free-range cattle in different parts of Jamaica were analyzed for essential and non-essential trace elements. We found significant enrichment of elements in the kidney (K) compared to the liver (L) with the K/L concentration ratios being 5.2 for Cd, 4.1 for Pb, 3.5 for Se and 2.1 for As, but the Cu contents of the kidney were significantly higher with the K/L ratio of 0.45. A large number of kidney and liver samples showed Cu concentrations in the ranges that were associated with deficiency effects in mammals. About 15% of the hepatic samples had Zn concentrations below 20 microg/g, suggesting that there might be zinc insufficiency in some of the animals. Positive associations were found between the metals in both the kidney and liver. On average, the intake of Cd from consumption of both bovine kidney and liver from the island was estimated to be 5.2 microg/day, equivalent to about 7% of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), although anyone who habitually consumed the few kidneys or livers with >40 microg/g cadmium may be at some risk of exceeding the PTDI. The consumption of offal from local animals did not appear to be an important dietary source of any of the essential microelements.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jnriagu@umich.edu
Jerome
J
Nriagu
Mazen
M
Boughanen
Aaron
A
Linder
Andrea
A
Howe
Charles
C
Grant
Robin
R
Rattray
Mitko
M
Vutchkov
Gerald
G
Lalor
D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D007563:Jamaica; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012643:Selenium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic