Enhanced cellular activation with single walled carbon nanotube bundles presenting antibody stimuli.
Efficient immunotherapy can be accomplished by expanding T cells outside the body using single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles presenting antibody stimuli. Owing to the large surface area of these bundles, which can reach 1560 m (2)/g, T cell stimulating antibodies such as anti-CD3, can be presented at high local concentrations inducing potent activation of T cells. We show that anti-CD3 adsorbed onto SWNT bundles stimulate cells more effectively than equivalent concentrations of soluble anti-CD3. Stimulation by antibody adsorbed onto SWNT is significantly higher than other high surface area materials (activated carbon, polystyrene, and C60 nanoparticles), suggesting unique properties of SWNT bundles for stimuli presentation. We demonstrate the surface area tunability of these bundles by chemical treatment and its effect on antibody adsorption and subsequent T cell activation. In addition, the T cell response varied with the concentration of SWNT in a concentration dependent manner. Antibody stimuli adsorbed onto SWNT bundles represent a novel paradigm for efficient activation of lymphocytes, useful for basic science applications and clinical immunotherapy.
Fadel
Tarek R
TR
Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, P.O. Box 208284, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Steenblock
Erin R
ER
Stern
Eric
E
Li
Nan
N
Wang
Xiaoming
X
Haller
Gary L
GL
Pfefferle
Lisa D
LD
Fahmy
Tarek M
TM
D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013499:Surface Properties; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies