Reprogramming a maize plant: transcriptional and metabolic changes induced by the fungal biotroph Ustilago maydis.
The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant maize (Zea mays). Hallmarks of the disease are large plant tumours in which fungal proliferation occurs. Previous studies suggested that classical defence pathways are not activated. Confocal microscopy, global expression profiling and metabolic profiling now shows that U. maydis is recognized early and triggers defence responses. Many of these early response genes are downregulated at later time points, whereas several genes associated with suppression of cell death are induced. The interplay between fungus and host involves changes in hormone signalling, induction of antioxidant and secondary metabolism, as well as the prevention of source leaf establishment. Our data provide novel insights into the complexity of a biotrophic interaction.
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Gunther
G
Doehlemann
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Ramon
R
Wahl
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Robin J
RJ
Horst
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Lars M
LM
Voll
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Björn
B
Usadel
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Fabien
F
Poree
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Mark
M
Stitt
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Jörn
J
Pons-Kühnemann
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Uwe
U
Sonnewald
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Regine
R
Kahmann
Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany, andJustus-Liebig University Giessen, Biometry and Population Genetics, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
Jörg
J
Kämper
D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014588:Ustilago / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*
D018749:RNA, Plant