Hepatic disorders mildly to moderately affected by pregnancy: medical and obstetric management.
Hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic disorders are often complex and clinically challenging during pregnancy. Hepatic disorders can affect the pregnancy and vice versa. The differential diagnosis of hepatic diseases is particularly broad during pregnancy because it includes disorders related to, and unrelated to, pregnancy. This article discusses the physiologic effects of pregnancy on liver function; the differential diagnosis of hepatic findings during pregnancy; modifications of abdominal imaging and hepatobiliary endoscopic procedures during pregnancy; and the medical and obstetric management of hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic diseases that are mildly to moderately affected by pregnancy.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, MOB 233, 3535 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. mscappell@yahoo.com
Mitchell S
MS
Cappell
D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*