Galectins: structure, function and therapeutic potential.
Galectins are a family of animal lectins that bind beta-galactosides. Outside the cell, galectins bind to cell-surface and extracellular matrix glycans and thereby affect a variety of cellular processes. However, galectins are also detectable in the cytosol and nucleus, and may influence cellular functions such as intracellular signalling pathways through protein-protein interactions with other cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. Current research indicates that galectins play important roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including immune and inflammatory responses, tumour development and progression, neural degeneration, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and wound repair. Some of these have been discovered or confirmed by using genetically engineered mice deficient in a particular galectin. Thus, galectins may be a therapeutic target or employed as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases, cancers and several other diseases.
Yang
Ri-Yao
RY
Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
Rabinovich
Gabriel A
GA
Liu
Fu-Tong
FT
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005697:Galactosides / Q000378:metabolism; D037161:Galectins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D005697:Galactosides; D037161:Galectins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007816:beta-galactoside