Elevated serum levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine, but not homocysteine, are associated with cardiovascular disease in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients.
OBJECTIVE
The putative role of sulfur amino acids such as homocysteine (tHcy) as cardiovascular risk factors is controversial in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels have been linked to CVD in non-renal populations, such relationship has not been evaluated in CKD.


METHODS
Serum concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), SAH and total homocysteine (tHcy) were determined by HPLC in 124 CKD stage 5 patients (GFR range 1-11 m/min) and 47 control subjects, and related to renal function, presence of CVD, inflammation and protein-energy wasting (PEW).


RESULTS
The levels of SAM and SAH were higher in CKD patients than in controls. Both SAM (rho=-0.19; P<0.05) and SAH (rho=-0.37, P<0.001) were inversely related to GFR. The concentrations of SAH were significantly higher (P<0.001) in patients with CVD than in non-CVD patients, (683 (201-3057) vs 485 (259-2620) nmol/L; median (range)) as opposed to tHcy levels, which were lower in CVD patients. While SAH was not associated with the presence of inflammation or PEW, it was a significant contributor (OR; 4.9 (CI 1.8-12.8), P<0.001) to CVD in a multinomial logistic regression model (pseudo r(2)=0.31).


CONCLUSIONS
Concentrations of serum SAH and SAM in CKD stage 5 patients are associated with renal function, but not with inflammation or PEW. Among the investigated sulfur amino acids, only SAH was independently associated with the presence of clinical signs of CVD. These findings suggest that while tHcy might be influenced by a number of confounding uremic factors, SAH levels may better reflect the putative increased cardiovascular risk of sulfur amino acid alterations in CKD patients.
Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
Alessandro
A
Valli
Juan J
JJ
Carrero
Abdul Rashid
AR
Qureshi
Giacomo
G
Garibotto
Peter
P
Bárány
Jonas
J
Axelsson
Bengt
B
Lindholm
Peter
P
Stenvinkel
Björn
B
Anderstam
Mohamed E
ME
Suliman
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000097:blood; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine