[Acute, traumatic versus chronic cartilage lesions as terms of a medical expert's opinion].
OBJECTIVE
Have chondral lesions been found in the course of an articular injury? Are these lesions of traumatic or degenerative origin? Is it possible to differentiate traumatic from pre-existing pathology with the help of history, clinical findings and imaging features? The answers to these questions are of paramount importance in the setting of legal expert assessment.


METHODS
The diagnosis of an acute traumatic chondral injury is based on arthroscopic and/or MRI findings. MRI is the diagnostic method of choice in a suspected isolated chondral injury.


RESULTS
The method yields high accuracy in detecting chondral and osteochondral lesions. The MRI finding of a concomitant subchondral bone contusion ("bone bruise") adjacent to a cartilage lesion helps in the diagnosis of acute chondral lesions. Traumatic bone marrow alterations regress in most cases over the course of 6 months. For this reason the initial MRI should be performed within 1 to 6 weeks after trauma. A follow-up study should be undertaken not prior to 3 months after injury. Osteoarthritic cartilage lesions show a distinct regional pattern on MRI usually affecting the weight-bearing regions. In advanced stages, regularly concomitant osseous reactions such as osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis and bone attrition are observed. Subchondral bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis show a tendency to progress.


CONCLUSIONS
The direct inspection and probing of the joint during arthroscopy allows for a detailed assessment of the chondral surface and the diagnosis of possible cartilage softening. An arthroscopic differentiation between acute traumatic chondral lesions and chronic cartilage alterations is possible in most cases within the first 6 to 12 weeks after injury.
Hempfling
H
H
Abteilung für Arthroskopische Chirurgie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Murnau. hempfling@online.de
Bohndorf
K
K
Roemer
F
F
D001182:Arthroscopy; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed