Genotoxic potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-coated onto airborne Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) in human lung epithelial A549 cells.
To improve the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of action involved in air pollution Particulate Matter (PM)-induced toxicity in human lungs, with a particular interest of the crucial role played by coated-organic chemicals, we were interested in the metabolic activation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)-coated onto air pollution PM, and, thereafter, the formation of PAH-DNA adducts in a human lung epithelial cell model (A549 cell line). Cells were exposed to Dunkerque city's PM(2.5) at its Lethal Concentrations at 10% and 50% (i.e. LC(10)=23.72 microg/mL or 6.33 microg/cm2, and LC(50)=118.60 microg/mL or 31.63 microg/cm2), and the study of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene expression (i.e. RT-PCR) and protein activity (i.e. EROD activity), and the formation of PAH-DNA adducts (i.e. 32P-postlabeling), were investigated after 24, 48, and/or 72 h. PAH, PolyChlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Furans (PCDD/F), Dioxin-Like PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (DLPCB), and PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)-coated onto collected PM were determined (i.e. GC/MS and HRGC/HRMS, respectively), Negative (i.e. TiO2 or desorbed PM, dPM; EqLC10=19.42 microg/mL or 5.18 microg/cm2, and EqLC50=97.13 microg/mL or 25.90 microg/cm2), and positive (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene; 1 microM) controls were included in the experimental design. Statistically significant increases of CYP1A1 gene expression and protein activity were observed in A549 cells, 24, 48 and 72 h after their exposure to dPM, suggesting thereby that the employed outgassing method was not efficient enough to remove total PAH. Both the CYP1A1 gene expression and EROD activity were highly induced 24, 48 and 72 h after cell exposure to PM. However, only very low levels of PAH-DNA adducts, also not reliably quantifiable, were reported 72 h after cell exposure to dPM, and, particularly, PM. The relatively low levels of PAH together with the presence of PCDD/F, DLPCB, and PCB-coated onto Dunkerque City's PM 2.5 could notably contribute to explain the borderline detection of PAH-DNA adducts in dPM and/or PM-exposed A549 cells. Hence, remaining very low doses of PAH in dPM or relatively low doses of PAH-coated onto PM were involved in enzymatic induction, a key feature in PAH-toxicity, but failed to show a clear genotoxicity in this in vitro study. We also concluded that, in the human lung epithelial cell model we used, and in the experimental conditions we chose, bulky-DNA adduct formation was apparently not a major factor involved in the Dunkerque City's PM 2.5-induced toxicity.
LCE EA 2598, Toxicologie Industrielle et Environnementale, Université du Littoral - Côte d'Opale, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel de Dunkerque 2, 189A, Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France.
Sylvain
S
Billet
Imane
I
Abbas
Jérémie
J
Le Goff
Anthony
A
Verdin
Véronique
V
André
Paul-Eric
PE
Lafargue
Adam
A
Hachimi
Fabrice
F
Cazier
François
F
Sichel
Pirouz
P
Shirali
Guillaume
G
Garçon
D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
D018736:DNA Adducts; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C095911:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA adduct; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1