Relationship between Schistosoma haematobium infection and urinary tract infection among children in South Eastern, Nigeria.
BACKGROUND
Reports of studies on the relationship between Schistosoma haematobium and urinary tract infection from different regions are conflicting. Hence, the need to determine the situation in each endemic area.


OBJECTIVE
To determine if S. haematobium infection is associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among children in an endemic area of Cross River State, Nigeria.


METHODS
Mid-stream urine specimen was collected under strict aseptic procedures into wide-mouthed screw-capped sterile plastic containers. All the specimens were kept in a cooler at approximately 4 degrees C for 5-10 hr before delivery to the laboratory. Urine microscopy was carried out by gram staining and urine was cultured using blood agar and Mac Conkey agar plates. Collection of urine specimens for schistosoma ova was done between 10.00 am and 2.00 pm when ova count of S. haematobium is expected to be at its peak.


RESULTS
Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 51.0%. One hundred and seventy five (77.4%) of those infected had mild intensity of infection (<49 ova/10 ml). Significant bacteriuria was found in 2(0.9%) of the 226 children with urinary schistosomiasis and in 4(1.8%) of the 217 children without urinary schistosomiasis RR(95%CI) = 0.48 (0.089-2.59) P > 0.68.


CONCLUSIONS
This study has found the prevalence rate of urinary Schistosomiasis in this community to be 51% and no significant difference in the prevalence of UTI among children with urinary schistosomiasis and those without. However, considering the high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis seen in this study, urgent control measures should be instituted to address this public health problem.
Department of Paediatrics, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
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Eyong
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Ikepeme
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Ekanem
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012548:Schistosoma haematobium / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000652:urine; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014556:Urine / Q000469:parasitology