Biological impact of the fibroblast growth factor family on articular cartilage and intervertebral disc homeostasis.
Two members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, basic FGF (bFGF) and FGF-18, have been implicated in the regulation of articular and intervertebral disc (IVD) cartilage homeostasis. Studies on bFGF from a variety of species have yielded contradictory results with regards to its precise role in cartilage matrix synthesis and degradation. In contrast, FGF-18 is a well-known anabolic growth factor involved in chondrogenesis and articular cartilage repair. In this review, we examined the biological actions of bFGF and FGF-18 in articular and IVD cartilage, the specific cell surface receptors bound by each factor, and the unique signaling cascades and molecular pathways utilized to exert their biological effects. Evidence suggests that bFGF selectively activates FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) to exert degradative effects in both human articular chondrocytes and IVD tissue via upregulation of matrix-degrading enzyme activity, inhibition of matrix production, and increased cell proliferation resulting in clustering of cells seen in arthritic states. FGF-18, on the other hand, most likely exerts anabolic effects in human articular chondrocytes by activating FGFR3, increasing matrix formation and cell differentiation while inhibiting cell proliferation, leading to dispersed cells surrounded by abundant matrix. The results from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the potential usefulness of bFGF and FGFR1 antagonists, as well as FGF-18 and FGFR3 agonists, as potential therapies to prevent cartilage degeneration and/or promote cartilage regeneration and repair in the future.
Ellman
Michael B
MB
Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
An
Howard S
HS
Muddasani
Prasuna
P
Im
Hee-Jeong
HJ
D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C113569:fibroblast growth factor 18; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors