Ecotoxicity of quinoline and hydroxylated derivatives and their occurrence in groundwater of a tar-contaminated field site.
In the groundwater of a timber impregnation site higher concentrations of hydroxylated quinolines compared to their parent compounds quinoline and isoquinoline were found. Studying the toxicity of parent compounds and metabolites, genotoxicity was found with metabolic activation in the SOS-Chromotest and Ames fluctuation test only for quinoline. An adverse effect on algae was observed only for the parent compounds quinoline and isoquinoline, while in the Daphnia magna immobilization assay most hydroxylated quinoline derivatives showed toxicity. The highest ecotoxic potential was observed in the Vibrio fischeri luminescence-inhibition assay. Comparing experimental EC50-values with QSAR predicted ones, for all compounds apart from isoquinoline and 2(1H)-quinolinone in the V. fischeri test baseline toxicity or polar nacrosis is indicated. In conclusion, the hydroxylation of quinoline leads to a detoxification of the genotoxic potential, while taken additive mixture toxicity and a safety factor into account parent compounds and metabolites are found of ecotoxicological relevance in the groundwater.
Neuwoehner
Judith
J
Medical Faculty, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Reineke
Anne-Kirsten
AK
Hollender
Juliane
J
Eisentraeger
Adolf
A
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006900:Hydroxylation; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics / Q000187:drug effects; D013638:Tars; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; D013638:Tars; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C037219:quinoline