Complex molecular mechanisms cooperate to mediate histone deacetylase inhibitors anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma cells.
BACKGROUND
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are a new class of promising anti-tumour agent inhibiting cell proliferation and survival in tumour cells with very low toxicity toward normal cells. Neuroblastoma (NB) is the second most common solid tumour in children still associated with poor outcome in higher stages and, thus NB strongly requires novel treatment modalities.


RESULTS
We show here that the HDACi Sodium Butyrate (NaB), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly reduce NB cells viability. The anti-tumour activity of these HDACi involved the induction of cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, followed by the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, via the activation of the caspases cascade. Moreover, HDACi mediated the activation of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bid and BimEL and the inactivation of the anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP, Bcl-xL, RIP and survivin, that further enhanced the apoptotic signal. Interestingly, the activity of these apoptosis regulators was modulated by several different mechanisms, either by caspases dependent proteolytic cleavage or by degradation via the proteasome pathway. In addition, HDACi strongly impaired the hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF by NB cells.


CONCLUSIONS
HDACi are therefore interesting new anti-tumour agents for targeting highly malignant tumours such as NB, as these agents display a strong toxicity toward aggressive NB cells and they may possibly reduce angiogenesis by decreasing VEGF production by NB cells.
Mühlethaler-Mottet
Annick
A
Paediatric Oncology Research, Paediatric Department, University Hospital CHUV, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Annick.Muhlethaler@chuv.ch
Meier
Roland
R
Flahaut
Marjorie
M
Bourloud
Katia Balmas
KB
Nardou
Katya
K
Joseph
Jean-Marc
JM
Gross
Nicole
N
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D000077337:Vorinostat
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002087:Butyrates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C012589:trichostatin A; D000077337:Vorinostat; D004317:Doxorubicin; D020169:Caspases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases