Genes controlling spread of breast cancer to lung "gang of 4".
Cancer-related mortality is caused in a large part by the metastasis of primary tumor. Each cancer has a particular way of spreading cancerous cells. Recently, genetic and pharmacological analysis identified the set of genes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor ligand epiregulin (EREG), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 (MMP-1 and MMP-2) that have been found to be associated with metastasis of breast cancer to lung. Inhibition of EGFR and COX2 could minimize lung metastasis of breast cancer in a clinical setting. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on EREG, COX2, MMP-1 and MMP-2 in tumor development and metastasis.
Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, Women's Hospital, University of Basel, Switzerland.
S A
SA
Eltarhouny
W H
WH
Elsawy
R
R
Radpour
S
S
Hahn
W
W
Holzgreve
X Y
XY
Zhong
D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D066260:Epiregulin; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
C587880:EREG protein, human; D066260:Epiregulin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1