Does pre-exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus to voriconazole or posaconazole in vitro affect its virulence and the in vivo activity of subsequent posaconazole or voriconazole, respectively? A study in a fly model of aspergillosis.
OBJECTIVE
Voriconazole and posaconazole are effective as both prophylaxis and treatment for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in immunocompromised patients. Hence, it is important to determine whether Aspergillus pre-exposure to voriconazole or posaconazole diminishes subsequent posaconazole or voriconazole activity, respectively.


METHODS
We used Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) 293 conidia with or without prior exposure to voriconazole or posaconazole [three serial passages on plates containing regular yeast extract-glucose (YAG) media, YAG+0.0625 mg/L voriconazole or YAG+0.025 mg/L posaconazole]. Toll-deficient Drosophila melanogaster flies were infected by injection, and 8 day survival was monitored. Following infection, flies were fed either regular food, food containing 1000 mg/L voriconazole (posaconazole-exposed conidia) or 1000 mg/L posaconazole (voriconazole-exposed conidia). Voriconazole and posaconazole concentrations in flies were confirmed by HPLC.


RESULTS
AF inoculation resulted in 71% mortality 8 days post-infection (median survival 4 days). Prior conidial exposure to voriconazole or posaconazole did not affect mortality (73%, P = 0.8 for voriconazole pre-exposed and 76%, P = 0.49 for posaconazole pre-exposed). Voriconazole treatment post-infection had a protective effect, reducing mortality to 42% (P = 0.0002), while prior conidial exposure to posaconazole did not alter the protective effect of voriconazole (34% 8 day mortality, P = 0.35). Likewise, posaconazole treatment post-infection reduced mortality to 36%, while prior conidial exposure to voriconazole did not alter the protective effect of posaconazole (39% mortality, P = 0.92). Median fly homogenate concentrations of voriconazole and posaconazole were 0.44 and 2.05 mg/L, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Prior exposure of AF to voriconazole or posaconazole did not affect the virulence of AF nor the subsequent activity of the alternate triazole in a Drosophila model of IA.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
G A
GA
Lamaris
R
R
Ben-Ami
R E
RE
Lewis
D P
DP
Kontoyiannis
D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000172:deficiency; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000172:deficiency; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects; D065819:Voriconazole
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole; D065819:Voriconazole