Esophageal perforation as a complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Fifty years ago, esophageal perforation was common after rigid upper endoscopy. The arrival of flexible endoscopic instruments and refinement in technique have decreased its incidence; however, esophageal perforation remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This complication merits a high index of clinical suspicion to prevent sequelae of mediastinitis and fulminant sepsis. Although the risk of perforation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy alone is only 0.03%, this risk can increase to 17% with therapeutic interventions in the setting of underlying esophageal and systemic diseases. A wide spectrum of management options exist, ranging from conservative treatment to surgical intervention. Prompt recognition and management, within 24 hours of perforation, is critical for favorable outcomes.
Bhatia
Nisha L
NL
Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. bhatia.nisha@mayo.edu
Collins
Joseph M
JM
Nguyen
Cuong C
CC
Jaroszewski
Dawn E
DE
Vikram
Holenarasipur R
HR
Charles
Joseph C
JC
D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors