Evaluation of prostate cancer characteristics in four populations worldwide.
BACKGROUND
Prostate cancer is common around the world, but rates of advanced disease differ substantially by race and geography. Although a major health issue, little is known about prostate cancer presentation in West Africa and India compared to the United States (US).


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare prostate tumor characteristics in four populations of men from the US, Senegal and India.


METHODS
We recruited prostate cancer patients from four hospital-based populations. The sample included 338 African-Americans, 1265 European-Americans, 122 Asian Indians, and 72 Senegalese. Questionnaire and medical record data were collected on each participant.


RESULTS
We found significant differences in age at diagnosis, BMI, and PSA levels across the groups. Senegalese and Indian men had a higher probability of high stage (T3/T4) disease compared to US men. Gleason grade was significantly higher in Asian Indians compared to other populations. African-Americans, Senegalese, and Asian Indians had a significantly higher probability of metastatic disease compared to European Americans. The odds ratios (OR) for metastasis were consistently higher in Asian Indians compared to American cases. As only 19/72 Senegalese were assessed for metastasis, OR could not be determined for metastasis.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that there are significant geographical and ethnic differences in the presentation of prostate cancer. Men in developing countries tend to present with advanced disease compared to US men. Identifying risk factors for advanced disease may help to decrease the rate of poor prostate cancer outcomes and associated mortality worldwide.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Charnita M
CM
Zeigler-Johnson
Hanna
H
Rennert
R Devi
RD
Mittal
Mohamed
M
Jalloh
Rajeev
R
Sachdeva
S Bruce
SB
Malkowicz
Anil
A
Mandhani
B
B
Mittal
Serigne M
SM
Gueye
Timothy R
TR
Rebbeck
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen