The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype.
Lancelets ('amphioxus') are the modern survivors of an ancient chordate lineage, with a fossil record dating back to the Cambrian period. Here we describe the structure and gene content of the highly polymorphic approximately 520-megabase genome of the Florida lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, and analyse it in the context of chordate evolution. Whole-genome comparisons illuminate the murky relationships among the three chordate groups (tunicates, lancelets and vertebrates), and allow not only reconstruction of the gene complement of the last common chordate ancestor but also partial reconstruction of its genomic organization, as well as a description of two genome-wide duplications and subsequent reorganizations in the vertebrate lineage. These genome-scale events shaped the vertebrate genome and provided additional genetic variation for exploitation during vertebrate evolution.
Putnam
Nicholas H
NH
Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
Butts
Thomas
T
Ferrier
David E K
DE
Furlong
Rebecca F
RF
Hellsten
Uffe
U
Kawashima
Takeshi
T
Robinson-Rechavi
Marc
M
Shoguchi
Eiichi
E
Terry
Astrid
A
Yu
Jr-Kai
JK
Benito-Gutiérrez
E Lia
EL
Dubchak
Inna
I
Garcia-Fernàndez
Jordi
J
Gibson-Brown
Jeremy J
JJ
Grigoriev
Igor V
IV
Horton
Amy C
AC
de Jong
Pieter J
PJ
Jurka
Jerzy
J
Kapitonov
Vladimir V
VV
Kohara
Yuji
Y
Kuroki
Yoko
Y
Lindquist
Erika
E
Lucas
Susan
S
Osoegawa
Kazutoyo
K
Pennacchio
Len A
LA
Salamov
Asaf A
AA
Satou
Yutaka
Y
Sauka-Spengler
Tatjana
T
Schmutz
Jeremy
J
Shin-I
Tadasu
T
Toyoda
Atsushi
A
Bronner-Fraser
Marianne
M
Fujiyama
Asao
A
Holland
Linda Z
LZ
Holland
Peter W H
PW
Satoh
Nori
N
Rokhsar
Daniel S
DS
D000818:Animals; D043344:Chordata / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D007621:Karyotyping; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D026801:Synteny; D013997:Time Factors; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D011506:Proteins