Compromised circadian function in Parkinson's disease: enucleation augments disease severity in the unilateral model.
Like enucleation, lateral hypothalamic (LH) lesions sever the connection between the retina and the pineal thereby simulating ambient exposure to constant darkness. While LH lesions have been employed to study either circadian function or Parkinson's disease (PD) independently, the application of such lesions to study circadian involvement specifically in this disease has never been attempted. In the present study, unilateral lesions of the LH, which compromise nigro-striatal dopamine (NSD) function, were combined with enucleation ipsilateral or contralateral to the hemisphere where 6-hydroxydopamine was applied. In addition to the observation that hemi-enucleation produced patterns of motor function that were grossly atypical compared to visually intact rats, hemi-enucleation ipsilateral to the side of NSD system denervation produced impairment of horizontal movement, limb retraction, ambulation and spontaneous or l-dopa induced turning. This impairment was more severe than that seen in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions alone. Furthermore, hemi-enucleation contralateral to the side of unilateral NSD system denervation resulted in significantly improved performance on several parameters. While the rate of mortality in rats receiving unilateral 6-OHDA plus ipsilateral enucleation was similar to that occurring after bilateral lesions, it was not accompanied by severe weight loss and wasting that typically occurs in the acute stages of experimental PD. These results demonstrate the importance of the visual and circadian systems in PD and are consistent with reports that identify impaired circadian involvement as a major component in a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
Willis
Gregory L
GL
The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Neurosciences Section, Coliban Medical Centre, 19 Jennings Street, Kyneton, Victoria 3444, Australia. gwillbro@nex.net.au
Kelly
Adelheid M A
AM
Kennedy
Gerard A
GA
D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015353:Eye Enucleation / Q000009:adverse effects; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007026:Hypothalamic Area, Lateral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine