Randomized study of phentolamine mesylate for reversal of local anesthesia.
Local anesthetic solutions frequently contain vasoconstrictors to increase the depth and/or duration of anesthesia. Generally, the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia exceeds that of pulpal anesthesia. Negative consequences of soft-tissue anesthesia include accidental lip and tongue biting as well as difficulty in eating, drinking, speaking, and smiling. A double-blind, randomized, multicenter, Phase 2 study tested the hypothesis that local injection of the vasodilator phentolamine mesylate would shorten the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia following routine dental procedures. Participants (122) received one or two cartridges of local anesthetic/vasoconstrictor prior to dental treatment. Immediately after treatment, 1.8 mL of study drug (containing 0.4 mg phentolamine mesylate or placebo) was injected per cartridge of local anesthetic used. The phentolamine was well-tolerated and reduced the median duration of soft-tissue anesthesia in the lip from 155 to 70 min (p < 0.0001).
Laviola
M
M
Northwest Kinetics, Tacoma, WA, USA.
McGavin
S K
SK
Freer
G A
GA
Plancich
G
G
Woodbury
S C
SC
Marinkovich
S
S
Morrison
R
R
Reader
A
A
Rutherford
R B
RB
Yagiela
J A
JA
D000293:Adolescent; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008046:Lip / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch / Q000187:drug effects*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010646:Phentolamine