Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound assessment of the anal sphincters: reproducibility.
OBJECTIVE
Volume measurement of the anal sphincter can be a future method for assessing volume loss, muscle atrophy or laceration. Three-dimensional (3D) endoanal ultrasound is a technique for assessing the volume of the anal sphincters, but the reproducibility of the method is scarcely known.


METHODS
Cross-sectional, repeated measurements.


METHODS
Twenty women were recruited for the study after written consent according to an ethically approved protocol, nine 0-gravida and 11 with traumatic vaginal deliveries.


METHODS
Endoanal 3D-ultrasound volume was obtained during rest and squeeze. The length of the anal canal and the volume of the external and internal sphincters were determined by two observers. Observer 1 repeated the measurements three times for all 20 women, and observer 2 for the nine 0-gravida, and intra- and inter-observer variation was assessed.


RESULTS
During rest, the anal length measurement had intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.91 for observer 1 and 0.85 for observer 2. The limits of agreement for inter-observer measurement were (-0.81 to 1.61) measured in centimeters. For the external anal sphincter volume, the intra-class correlation coefficients and the limits of agreement were correspondingly: 0.89, 0.78 and (-7.29 to 6.03) measured in cm(3), and for the internal anal sphincter volume: 0.85, 0.69 and (-1.72 to 2.95). The variation in identifying the external anal sphincter could rise to a corresponding 30% error in volume measurement.


CONCLUSIONS
Although intra-class correlation coefficients showed good reproducibility for endoanal ultrasound measurements, the limits of agreement were less reassuring with sizeable variation in the volume assessment, probably due to uncertainty in landmark identification.
Olsen
Ingrid P
IP
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hammerfest Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway. ingrid.petrikke.olsen@helse-finnmark.no
Augensen
Kåre
K
Wilsgaard
Tom
T
Kiserud
Torvid
T
D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography