Direct-current electrical field guides neuronal stem/progenitor cell migration.
Direct-current electrical fields (EFs) promote nerve growth and axon regeneration. We report here that at physiological strengths, EFs guide the migration of neuronal stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) toward the cathode. EF-directed NSPC migration requires activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which leads to an increased physical association of Rho GTPase Rac1-associated signals to the membrane NMDARs and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Thus, this study identifies the EF as a directional guidance cue in controlling NSPC migration and reveals a role of the NMDAR/Rac1/actin signal transduction pathway in mediating EF-induced NSPC migration. These results suggest that as a safe physical approach in clinical application, EFs may be developed as a practical therapeutic strategy for brain repair by directing NSPC migration to the injured brain regions to replace cell loss. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0271, USA.
Lei
L
Li
Youssef H
YH
El-Hayek
Baosong
B
Liu
Yonghong
Y
Chen
Everlyne
E
Gomez
Xiaohua
X
Wu
Ke
K
Ning
Lijun
L
Li
Ning
N
Chang
Liang
L
Zhang
Zhengguo
Z
Wang
Xiang
X
Hu
Qi
Q
Wan
D000818:Animals; D051381:Rats; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004560:Electricity; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology
D000199:Actins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; C499134:Rac1 protein, rat; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate