Cytochrome c: functions beyond respiration.
Cytochrome c is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. However, when a cell receives an apoptotic stimulus, cytochrome c is released into the cytosol and triggers programmed cell death through apoptosis. The release of cytochrome c and cytochrome-c-mediated apoptosis are controlled by multiple layers of regulation, the most prominent players being members of the B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL2) family. As well as its role in canonical intrinsic apoptosis, cytochrome c amplifies signals that are generated by other apoptotic pathways and participates in certain non-apoptotic functions.
The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada. ow@post.harvard.edu
Yong-Ling P
YP
Ow
Douglas R
DR
Green
Zhenyue
Z
Hao
Tak W
TW
Mak
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000502:physiology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008958:Models, Molecular; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D016572:Cyclosporine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases