The dual roles of Ganoderma antioxidants on urothelial cell DNA under carcinogenic attack.
OBJECTIVE
Ganoderma lucidum possesses significant antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. The effects of Lingzhi antioxidants on oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress were investigated, in order to understand their roles in bladder chemoprevention.


METHODS
Antioxidant-enhanced extracts were tested, in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) inhibition, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, and cytotoxicity, using an in vitro pre-cancerous human uroepithelial cell (HUC-PC) tumorigenic model.


RESULTS
Water-soluble extract (GLw) possesses relatively higher antioxidant capacities than the water-insoluble counterpart (GLe); however, under the challenge of carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), GLw reduced the 8-OHdG concentration in HUC-PC culture, while GLe induced the formation of H(2)O(2) and 8-OHdG in a dose-dependent manner. The modern theory of antioxidant-oxidant balance seems to obey the theory of Yin-Yang in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).


CONCLUSIONS
Water-soluble and water-insoluble components of Ganoderma lucidum exhibited dual roles in oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative DNA damage may be an underlying mechanism of Lingzhi-induced apoptosis in bladder chemoprevention.
Yuen
J W M
JW
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. htjohn@inet.polyu.edu.hk
Gohel
M D I
MD
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000611:Aminobiphenyl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000611:Aminobiphenyl Compounds; D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; C006757:4-biphenylamine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003849:Deoxyguanosine