Is there information contained within the sentence-writing component of the mini mental state examination? A retrospective study of community dwelling older people.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between features of the MMSE written sentence and cognitive function, depression and disability.


METHODS
MMSE sentences from 191 community dwelling individuals without dementia from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 (LBC1921) study were: (a) photocopied and (b) typed as written. Sentences were rated for objective criteria: word number and frequency, first person usage, time orientation, and letter case. Twenty healthy raters (50% male, age 20-26 years), blind to all other data, rated each handwritten and typed sentence for subjective criteria: legibility, 'emotional' tone (positive to negative), estimated age, health, and intelligence. As part of the LBC1921 volunteers had results available for cognitive ability tests (from which we extracted a general cognitive ability factor, g), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS), and Townsend disability scores.


RESULTS
43.5% of subjects were male, mean age 78.6, SD 0.43 years. There was no significant association between the objective sentence criteria, legibility or tone and measured cognitive ability or physical disability. However, estimates of intelligence from the MMSE written sentence correlated significantly with current cognitive ability (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). There was a trend towards sentences with a negative tone being associated with a higher HADS-depression score (rho = -0.12, p = 0.09).


CONCLUSIONS
In community dwelling people aged around 80 years, despite no association between objectively rated features of the MMSE sentence and intelligence or disability, raters were able to make better-than-chance estimates of subjects' intelligence test scores.
Shenkin
Susan D
SD
Geriatric Medicine, Division of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. susan.shenkin@ed.ac.uk
Starr
John M
JM
Dunn
Joanne M
JM
Carter
Samantha
S
Deary
Ian J
IJ
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland; D014504:Urban Health