Protective effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in hypercholesterolemia associated renal damage.
The association between hypercholesterolemia and kidney damage has been well known for last few decades. The oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are involved in renal injury, which is upregulated in hypercholesterolemic condition. The present study is aimed to evaluate the possible effect of lupeol and its ester derivative, lupeol linoleate in renal damage associated with hypercholesterolemic rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding them with a high cholesterol diet (HCD) comprising normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid for 30 days. Lupeol and lupeol linoleate were supplemented (50 mg/kg body wt/day) to HCD fed rats during the last 15 days. Increased levels of renal total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, along with altered serum biochemical parameters of tissue injury indices and elevated activities of renal marker enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) were noted in HCD fed rats. Elevated lipid peroxidation levels coupled with decreased antioxidant status (enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants) were observed in hypercholesterolemic rats, which indicate the onset of oxidative changes in the renal tissue. Renal lysosomal acid hydrolase activities (ACP, beta-Glu, beta-Gal, NAG and Cat-D) and acute phase proteins like C-Reactive protein and fibrinogen were significantly increased in HCD fed rats, which further indicates the heightening of inflammation. In addition, histopathological findings also confirmed the renal damage in hypercholesterolemic condition. Lupeol and lupeol linoleate effectively reverted the above abnormalities and was comparable with that of the control. These observations highlight the protective effect of lupeol and its ester derivative in ameliorating the renal injury associated with hypercholesterolemia.
Sudhahar
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Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India.
Ashok Kumar
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S
Varalakshmi
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P
Sujatha
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V
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D008517:Phytotherapy; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D000094042:Lupanes
D000975:Antioxidants; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006867:Hydrolases; D008055:Lipids; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D020011:Protective Agents; D014315:Triterpenes; C403497:lupeol linoleate; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D000094042:Lupanes; C010480:lupeol