Reactions of the hydroperoxide anion with dimethyl methylphosphonate in an ion trap mass spectrometer: evidence for a gas phase alpha-effect.
The gas phase degradation reactions of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), with the hydroperoxide anion (HOO(-)) were investigated using a modified quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The HOO(-) anion reacts readily with neutral DMMP forming two significant product ions at m/z 109 and m/z 123. The major reaction pathways correspond to (i) the nucleophilic substitution at carbon to form [CH(3)P(O)(OCH(3))O](-) (m/z 109) in a highly exothermic process and (ii) exothermic proton transfer. The branching ratios of the two reaction pathways, 89% and 11% respectively, indicate that the former reaction is significantly faster than the latter. This is in contrast to the trend for the methoxide anion with DMMP, where proton transfer dominates. The difference in the observed reactivities of the HOO(-) and CH(3)O(-) anions can be considered as evidence for an alpha-effect in the gas phase and is supported by electronic structure calculations at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level of theory that indicate the S(N)2(carbon) process has an activation energy 7.8 kJ mol(-1) lower for HOO(-) as compared to CH(3)O(-). A similar alpha-effect was calculated for nucleophilic addition-elimination at phosphorus, but this process--an important step in the perhydrolysis degradation of CWAs in solution--was not observed to occur with DMMP in the gas phase. A theoretical investigation revealed that all processes are energetically accessible with negative activation energies. However, comparison of the relative Arrhenius pre-exponential factors indicate that substitution at phosphorus is not kinetically competitive with respect to the S(N)2(carbon) and deprotonation processes.
Human Protection and Performance Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 506 Lorimer St, Fishermans Bend, Victoria, 3207, Australia. andrew.mcanoy@dsto.defence.gov.au
Andrew Michael
AM
McAnoy
Martin Robert Lloyd
MR
Paine
Stephen James
SJ
Blanksby
D004583:Electrons; D019277:Entropy; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D011789:Quantum Theory
D005740:Gases; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011522:Protons; C031116:dimethyl methylphosphonate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide