Prognosis after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: the value of combining predictors.
OBJECTIVE
Although several independent predictors of seizure freedom after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery have been identified, their combined predictive value is largely unknown. Using a large database of operated patients, we assessed the combined predictive value of previously reported predictors included in a single multivariable model.


METHODS
The database comprised a cohort of 484 patients who underwent temporal lobe surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy. Good outcome was defined as Engel class 1, one year after surgery. Previously reported independent predictors were tested in this cohort. To be included in our final prediction model, predictors had to show a multivariable p-value of <0.20.


RESULTS
The final multivariable model included predictors obtained from the patient's history (absence of tonic-clonic seizures, absence of status epilepticus), magnetic resonance imaging [MRI; ipsilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), space occupying lesion], video electroencephalography (EEG; absence of ictal dystonic posturing, concordance between MRI and ictal EEG), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET; unilateral temporal abnormalities), that were related to seizure freedom in our data. The model showed an expected receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) area of 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.68] for new patient populations. Intracranial monitoring and surgery-related parameters (including histology) were not important predictors of seizure freedom. Among patients with a high probability of seizure freedom, 85% were seizure-free one year after surgery; however, among patients with a high risk of not becoming seizure-free, still 40% were seizure-free one year after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
We could only moderately predict seizure freedom after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. It is particularly difficult to predict who will not become seizure-free after surgery.
Uijl
Sabine G
SG
Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.g.uijl@umcutrecht.nl
Leijten
Frans S S
FS
Arends
Johan B A M
JB
Parra
Jaime
J
van Huffelen
Alexander C
AC
Moons
Karel G M
KG
D017668:Age of Onset; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18