Mesenchymal cells for skeletal tissue engineering.
BACKGROUND
Skeletal defects represent a significant socioeconomic burden to the US healthcare system. Current options for reconstructing osseous deficits have shortcomings.


OBJECTIVE
To review the use of mesenchymal stem cells for skeletal tissue engineering.


METHODS
We focused on the application of mesenchymal cells in skeletal regeneration, optimization of this technique, tropic effects of multipotent mesenchymal cells, and future directions.


CONCLUSIONS
A number of cell-based modalities have been investigated. We have been interested in the role of adipose-derived stromal cells in bone regeneration and understanding the mechanisms behind osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells and acceleration of this process. Future clinical applications of multipotent mesenchymal cells will depend on better understanding of the molecular signaling involved in osteogenic differentiation and maintaining pluripotency.
Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, 257 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA.
Bethany J
BJ
Slater
Matthew D
MD
Kwan
Deepak M
DM
Gupta
Nicholas J
NJ
Panetta
Michael T
MT
Longaker
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*