Inhaled anesthesia: the original closed-loop drug administration paradigm.
We administer anesthetics to obtain therapeutic effects and minimize untoward side effects. Anesthetists can precisely control inhaled anesthetic concentrations by controlling end-tidal volatile anesthetic concentrations. This degree of control eliminates the need for closed-loop inhaled anesthetic systems. The low solubility of modern inhaled anesthetics adds to the stability and control of the anesthetic state; the effective inhaled concentration varies little during maintenance of anesthesia unless altered by the anesthetist. A less precise closed-loop system applies a processed electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess depth of anesthesia and enable accurate delivery of volatile and intravenous anesthetics to maintain a stable state of anesthesia.
Gupta
D K
DK
Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Dhanesh-Gupta@northwestern.edu
Eger
E I
EI
D000764:Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans