Increased serum endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end-product (esRAGE) levels in type 2 diabetic patients with decreased renal function.
BACKGROUND
The binding of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) to their receptor for AGEs (RAGE) may play an important role in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Recently, soluble RAGE (sRAGE) has been identified as an alternative splicing form of RAGE. Furthermore, administration of sRAGE improved atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic mice.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) as a biological marker for type 2 diabetic nephropathy, and also to determine whether serum esRAGE levels are associated with serum AGEs [including Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine-protein adducts (CML) and pentosidine] levels.


METHODS
Serum esRAGE levels were examined in 107 type 2 diabetic patients including those on hemodialysis (HD). Diabetic patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group A [patients without nephropathy, i.e. normoalbuminuric stage (AER<30microg/mg creatinine)], Group B [patients with nephropathy (AER>30microg/mg creatinine) but excluding HD patients], and Group C (HD patients).


RESULTS
Serum esRAGE and AGEs (including CML and pentosidine) levels in Group C were significantly higher than in Group A or B. In single linear univariate correlation, serum esRAGE levels were correlated using body mass index (BMI), duration of diabetes, and serum creatinine, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and AGEs (including CML and pentosidine) levels. Furthermore, in stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the levels of serum creatinine and duration of diabetes were independently associated with serum esRAGE levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Serum esRAGE levels are associated with the severity of renal dysfunction and duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
Tomohito
T
Gohda
Mitsuo
M
Tanimoto
Ju-Young
JY
Moon
Hiromichi
H
Gotoh
Tatsuya
T
Aoki
Masakazu
M
Matsumoto
Terumi
T
Shibata
Isao
I
Ohsawa
Kazuhiko
K
Funabiki
Yasuhiko
Y
Tomino
D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D001120:Arginine; D003404:Creatinine; C062187:pentosidine; D008239:Lysine