Methodology for characterizing proficiency in interpreting sputum smear microscopy results in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
OBJECTIVE
To propose a methodology for characterizing proficiency in sputum smear microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and to determine the number of microscopies necessary to establish this proficiency, as well as the quality of the transcription of results, the causes of the discrepancies in the readings (rater or microscope used), and the criterion for classification of microscopy results that poses the most difficulty in characterizing proficiency.


METHODS
Four hundred sputum smear microscopies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis were analyzed through double-blind readings by six professionals who usually read/supervise microscopies performed in public health care facilities. The sample was stratified to obtain, at least, a reliability of 90% in the double-blind readings, an alpha error of 5%, and a precision of 3%. The results were analyzed using observed reliability and the kappa index.


RESULTS
Thirteen errors (0.27%) were found in the transcription of results. Reliability increased when the three distinct categories of positive results (AFB+, AFB++, and AFB+++) were grouped or when inconclusive results were excluded from the analysis. The quantification of the bacterial load was the classification criterion that posed the most difficulty in establishing proficiency. Using higher quality microscopes increased reliability. Reliability values stabilized only from the reading of 75 microscopies onward.


CONCLUSIONS
Double-blind sputum smear microscopy readings using a panel containing 75 slides (36 negative, 4 inconclusive, and 35 positive) proved to be appropriate for characterizing proficiency in sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis when such proficiency is intended to reproduce laboratory routine.
Vieira
Francisco Duarte
FD
Federal District of Brasília Central Laboratory of Public Health, Brasília, Brazil.
Salem
Julia Ignez
JI
Ruffino-Netto
Antônio
A
Camargo
Susana Alles de
SA
Silva
Regina Ruivo Ferro e
RR
Moura
Lúcia Cristina Corrêa
LC
Vilaça
Meire Jane
MJ
Silva
José Vitor da
JV
D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology