Association of megalin genetic polymorphisms with prostate cancer risk and prognosis.
OBJECTIVE
Megalin, an endocytic receptor expressed by prostate epithelial cells, can internalize biologically active androgens bound to sex hormone binding globulin. Genetic variation within megalin could potentially influence levels of steroid hormone uptake.


METHODS
Forty haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNP) were analyzed in a population-based, case-control study of 553 Caucasian men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between the ages of 40 and 64 years from the Seattle-Puget Sound region and 534 control men. Prostate cancer risk was estimated using adjusted unconditional logistic regression for both individual SNPs and haplotypes. Risks of disease recurrence/progression and prostate-specific cancer mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.


RESULTS
We found no strong evidence of altered risk of developing prostate cancer for any of the htSNPs when they were assessed individually or in haplotypes. However, three htSNPs were significantly associated with both disease recurrence/progression and mortality. Risk of recurrence/progression alone was also associated with five additional htSNPs, and six other htSNPS showed evidence of modification by primary androgen deprivation therapy. Two additional htSNPs were significantly associated with altered risk of death from prostate cancer.


CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary results suggest that common genetic variation within the megalin gene could alter both risk of recurrence/progression and prostate-specific cancer mortality. In addition, androgen deprivation therapy effectiveness may be modified by the activity of this gene. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined polymorphisms within the megalin gene for associations with prostate cancer risk and outcomes.
Holt
Sarah K
SK
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.
Karyadi
Danielle M
DM
Kwon
Erika M
EM
Stanford
Janet L
JL
Nelson
Peter S
PS
Ostrander
Elaine A
EA
D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D026561:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors
D026561:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2