Occupational electromagnetic fields and leukemia and brain cancer: an update to two meta-analyses.
OBJECTIVE
To update past meta-analyses on occupational electromagnetic fields (EMF) and adult brain cancer and leukemia.


METHODS
We collected and evaluated all relevant 1993 to 2007 publications. Summary estimates were obtained using various weighting schemes. To explore sources of heterogeneity, study characteristics were examined using regression analysis.


RESULTS
Overall, for new studies, both brain cancer and leukemia showed small increases in risk estimates, 10% and 13%, respectively. Notably, pooled risk estimates were lower than in past meta-analyses, and leukemia subtypes showed no consistent pattern when past and present meta-analyses were compared.


CONCLUSIONS
The lack of a clear pattern of EMF exposure and outcome risk does not support a hypothesis that these exposures are responsible for the observed excess risk. Findings were not sensitive to assumptions, influential studies, weighting schemes, publication bias, study characteristics, or funding source.
Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. kheifets@ucla.edu
Leeka
L
Kheifets
Jason
J
Monroe
Ximena
X
Vergara
Gabor
G
Mezei
Abdelmonem A
AA
Afifi
D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment