Ophthalmoscopy: a 7-step program.
BACKGROUND
Fundoscopy is viewed as a difficult or impossible task by many students and physicians. We have used a novel seven-step approach to teach trainees to use the ophthalmoscope. The technique is based on the premise that success is most easily achieved if the necessary motor skills are mastered first. A step by step approach will enable others to teach their trainees to attain the ability to routinely view the fundi of their pediatric patients.


METHODS
Step 1 involves examination of the trainee's fundi to ensure there is no impediment to their success. In Step 2 the student examines the teacher. This identifies major errors. The next step teaches the trainee how to hold the ophthalmoscope. Step 4 gets the learner to read a journal article through the ophthalmoscope. In Step 5 they examine the teacher's eyes again and with a little help they are always successful. In the last two steps an older patient is first examined and finally the student examines a young child.


CONCLUSIONS
This method differs from most other approaches by leaving the cognitive component of ophthalmoscopy until the student is comfortable with handling the instrument. It has been uniformly successful among our students and residents.
Pediatric Neurology Division, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Joseph M
JM
Dooley
Kevin E
KE
Gordon
D004501:Education, Medical; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*