Antrodia camphorata inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) has been shown to induce apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). In this study, we report the effectiveness of the fermented culture broth of A. camphorata in terms of tumor regression as determined using both in vitro cell culture and in vivo athymic nude mice models of breast cancer. We found that the A. camphorata treatment decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by arresting progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This cell cycle blockade was associated with reductions in cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4, cyclin A, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and increased CDK inhibitor p27/KIP and p21/WAF1 in a dose and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the A. camphorata treatment was effective in delaying tumor incidence in the nude mice inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells as well as reducing the tumor burden when compared to controls. A. camphorata treatment also inhibited proliferation (cyclin D1 and PCNA) and induced apoptosis (Bcl-2 and TUNEL) when the tumor tissue sections were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. These results suggest that the A. camphorata treatment induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Hseu
You-Cheng
YC
Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. hlyang@mail.cmu.edu.tw
Chen
Ssu-Ching
SC
Chen
Huang-Chi
HC
Liao
Jiuun-Wang
JW
Yang
Hsin-Ling
HL
D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D020072:Polyporales / Q000737:chemistry*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27