Participation in pediatric epidemiologic research: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study experience.
BACKGROUND
We evaluated the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with participation in an epidemiologic study of diabetes mellitus among youth.


METHODS
SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is a multicenter study of physician-diagnosed diabetes in youth under the age of 20 comprising a surveillance and a cohort component. At each center, we enumerated all prevalent cases of diabetes in 2001 (n=6266) and all incident cases between 2002 and 2004 (n=3668). After confirmation of eligibility and validation, we invited each case to complete a survey and participate in a study visit. Here we evaluate how age, sex, race, and diabetes type are associated with participation in the survey and study visit.


RESULTS
Among prevalent cases, participation in the survey was 68% and 41% in the study visit. Among 2002 to 2004 incident cases, participation varied for the survey (76%, 81%, and 82%) and study visit (52%, 60%, and 60%). In multivariate logistic regression analyses among all incident cases, older age was associated with a lower odds of participation in the study visit (15-17 vs. <10 years: OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.7; 18-19 vs. <10 years: OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5), as was having type 2 diabetes vs. type 1 diabetes (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.7) and being of African American race vs. non-Hispanic White (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Results were very similar among prevalent cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Elucidating the relationship between individual characteristics and participation is essential for evaluating nonresponse bias, correcting for it, and for planning and implementing recruitment strategies.
Liese
Angela D
AD
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. liese@sc.edu
Liu
Lenna
L
Davis
Cralen
C
Standiford
Debra
D
Waitzfelder
Beth
B
Dabelea
Dana
D
Bell
Ronny
R
Williams
Desmond
D
Imperatore
Guiseppina
G
Lawrence
Jean M
JM
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010372:Pediatrics; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult