The WSB1 gene is involved in pancreatic cancer progression.
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer cells generate metastases because they can survive the stress imposed by the new environment of the host tissue. To mimic this process, pancreatic cancer cells which are not stressed in standard culture conditions are injected into nude mice. Because they develop xenografts, they should have developed adequate stress response. Characterizing that response might provide new strategies to interfere with pancreatic cancer metastasis.


RESULTS
In the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1, Mia-PaCa2, Capan-1, Capan-2 and BxPC3, we used Affymetrix DNA microarrays to compare the expressions of 22.000 genes in vitro and in the corresponding xenografts. We identified 228 genes overexpressed in xenografts and characterized the implication of one of them, WSB1, in the control of apoptosis and cell proliferation. WSB1 generates 3 alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct protein isoforms. In xenografts and in human pancreatic tumors, global expression of WSB1 mRNA is modestly increased whereas isoform 3 is strongly overexpressed and isoforms 1 and 2 are down-regulated. Treating Mia-PaCa2 cells with stress-inducing agents induced similar changes. Whereas retrovirus-forced expression of WSB1 isoforms 1 and 2 promoted cell growth and sensitized the cells to gemcitabine- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, WSB1 isoform 3 expression reduced cell proliferation and enhanced resistance to apoptosis, showing that stress-induced modulation of WSB1 alternative splicing increases resistance to apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Data on WSB1 regulation support the hypothesis that activation of stress-response mechanisms helps cancer cells establishing metastases and suggest relevance to cancer development of other genes overexpressed in xenografts.
Archange
Cendrine
C
INSERM U.624, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France.
Nowak
Jonathan
J
Garcia
Stéphane
S
Moutardier
Vincent
V
Calvo
Ezequiel Luis
EL
Dagorn
Jean-Charles
JC
Iovanna
Juan Lucio
JL
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
D017931:DNA Primers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; C120287:WSB1 protein, human