Manganese-enhanced MRI: an exceptional tool in translational neuroimaging.
The metal manganese is a potent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that is essential in cell biology. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is providing unique information in an ever-growing number of applications aimed at understanding the anatomy, the integration, and the function of neural circuits both in normal brain physiology as well as in translational models of brain disease. A major drawback to the use of manganese as a contrast agent, however, is its cellular toxicity. Therefore, paramount to the successful application of MEMRI is the ability to deliver Mn2+ to the site of interest using as low a dose as possible while preserving detectability by MRI. In the present work, the different approaches to MEMRI in translational neuroimaging are reviewed and challenges for future identified from a practical standpoint.
Silva
Afonso C
AC
Cerebral Microcirculation Unit, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1065, USA. silvaa@ninds.nih.gov
Bock
Nicholas A
NA
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D051381:Rats; D020308:Songbirds
D002712:Chlorides; D003287:Contrast Media; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D008345:Manganese; C025340:manganese chloride