All-trans retinoic acid shifts Propionibacterium acnes-induced matrix degradation expression profile toward matrix preservation in human monocytes.
Propionibacterium acnes is a critical component in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, stimulating the production of various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, important in the local inflammatory response found in acne. This study explored the role of P. acnes and its ability to induce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in primary human monocytes and how this induction is regulated by retinoids. MMP-1- and MMP-9-expressing cells were present in perifollicular and dermal inflammatory infiltrates within acne lesions, suggesting their role in acne pathogenesis. In vitro, we found that P. acnes induced MMP-9 and MMP-1 mRNA, and the expression of MMP-9, but not of MMP-1, was found to be Toll-like receptor 2-dependent. P. acnes induced the mRNA expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, the main regulator of MMP-9 and MMP-1. Treatment of monocytes with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly decreased baseline MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, co-treatment of monocytes with ATRA and P. acnes inhibited MMP-9 and MMP-1 induction, while augmenting TIMP-1 expression. These data indicate that P. acnes-induced MMPs and TIMPs may be involved in acne pathogenesis and that retinoic acid modulates MMP and TIMP expression, shifting from a matrix-degradative phenotype to a matrix-preserving phenotype.
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
H Ray
HR
Jalian
Philip T
PT
Liu
Melissa
M
Kanchanapoomi
Jenny N
JN
Phan
Annaliza J
AJ
Legaspi
Jenny
J
Kim
D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D008954:Models, Biological; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D010641:Phenotype; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D014212:Tretinoin