A multiple protocol to improve diagnosis and isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from human stool specimens.
Many infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are undiagnosed, particularly non-O157 STEC. We evaluated the use of a multiple protocol approach to improve diagnosis, isolation, and characterization of STEC strains. Among 18 presumptive STEC-positive stool samples received by the INOVA Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, in 2006, 16 were Shiga toxin positive. From these 16 stool samples, 8 O157:H7 and 5 non-O157 STEC were isolated by plating onto sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) agar. The remaining 5 stool samples that did not yield colonies on SMAC agar plates were enriched. All enriched samples were Shiga toxin positive, and 2 O157:H7 and 1 non-O157 STEC were subsequently isolated. The 2 remaining enriched samples did not yield isolates; however, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, both samples contained STEC genes. Based on PCR analysis of non-O157 strains, 3 strain types were identified. Samples from 3 patients, received within 2 days of one another, had a similar gene profile-eae and stx(1) negative and stx(2) positive-suggesting that these patients were likely infected with the same strain. Our results indicate that a multiple protocol approach is necessary to reliably diagnose and isolate STEC strains, and that PCR profiling of strains could allow for more rapid identification of outbreaks.
Shelton
Daniel R
DR
Environmental Microbial Safety Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA. dan.shelton@ars.usda.gov
Karns
Jeffrey S
JS
Park
Choong H
CH
D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D022621:Shiga Toxin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D003470:Culture Media; D022621:Shiga Toxin