Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta expression in cardiomyopathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
OBJECTIVE
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) in the development of cardiomyopathy, which is widely observed in diabetic disorders, is likely because cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARdelta deletion causes cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, we investigated the effect of hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress on the expression of cardiac PPARdelta both in vivo and in vitro.


RESULTS
We used male Wistar rats to examine the effect of hyperglycaemia on PPARdelta expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and H9c2 embryonic rat cardiomyocytes. PPARdelta mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and protein levels were measured using northern and western blotting, respectively. The lipid deposition within the heart section was assessed by oil red O staining. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in morphology, protein synthesis, and alpha-actinin content in hyperglycaemic cells were also examined. Inhibitors of ROS production or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were employed to investigate the possible mechanisms. Cardiomyopathy induced in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was associated with a marked decrease in cardiac PPARdelta expression. Also, ROS production, cell size, and protein synthesis were increased while PPARdelta expression was reduced in cells exposed to hyperglycaemia in vitro. However, these glucose-induced changes were abolished in the presence of tiron or PD98059 (MEK/ERK inhibitor).


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that inhibitors of ROS production or MAPK activation are involved in reduction of cardiac PPARdelta expression in response to hyperglycaemia.
Yu
Bu-Chin
BC
Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, ROC.
Chang
Chen-Kuei
CK
Ou
Horng-Yih
HY
Cheng
Kai-Chun
KC
Cheng
Juei-Tang
JT
D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049108:Cell Enlargement / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D047494:PPAR delta; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose