Deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 3B promotes epigenetic silencing through histone 3 chromatin modifications in pituitary cells.
OBJECTIVE
Epigenetic dysregulation is implicated in pituitary neoplasia as the cause of silencing of several tumor suppressor genes. However, the upstream mediators of such events remain unknown.


METHODS
We examined the three members of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzyme family in normal and neoplastic human and mouse pituitary cells.


METHODS
This study was performed at a university-affiliated cancer research institute.


METHODS
Gene expression, promoter DNA methylation, histone modifications, and cell proliferation were determined.


RESULTS
In contrast to DNMT1 and DNMT3a, DNMT3b was expressed at relatively higher levels in neoplastic pituitary cells. However, examination of the human DNMT3b 5' region showed uniformly low DNA methylation levels with little difference between normal and tumor samples. Through pharmacological methylation inhibition or histone deacetylation inhibition, we identified that DNMT3b gene expression is subject to histone modifications. Down-regulation of DNMT3b resulted in induction of retinoblastoma, p21, and p27, and reduction in cell proliferation. These targeted effects were associated with enhanced histone 3 acetylation and diminished histone methylation.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings identify DNMT3b as a putative mediator of epigenetic control through histone modifications of gene expression in pituitary cells.
Zhu
Xuegong
X
Department of Medicine, University Health Network, The Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue 8-327, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
Mao
Xinliang
X
Hurren
Rose
R
Schimmer
Aaron D
AD
Ezzat
Shereen
S
Asa
Sylvia L
SL
D000818:Animals; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000077209:Decitabine; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B
D001374:Azacitidine; D002843:Chromatin; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D000077209:Decitabine; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; C012589:trichostatin A