The ethos and ethics of translational research.
Calls for the "translation" of research from bench to bedside are increasingly demanding. What is translation, and why does it matter? We sketch the recent history of outcome-oriented translational research in the United States, with a particular focus on the Roadmap Initiative of the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD). Our main example of contemporary translational research is stem cell research, which has superseded genomics as the translational object of choice. We explore the nature of and obstacles to translational research and assess the ethical and biomedical challenges of embracing a translational ethos.
Maienschein
Jane
J
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3301, USA.
Sunderland
Mary
M
Ankeny
Rachel A
RA
Robert
Jason Scott
JS
D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics* / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D033041:Embryo Research / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D005582:Foundations; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D016045:Human Genome Project; D006801:Humans; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D013234:Stem Cells; D014481:United States