Silencing of keratinocyte growth factor receptor restores 5-fluorouracil and tamoxifen efficacy on responsive cancer cells.
BACKGROUND
Keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) is a splice variant of the FGFR2 gene expressed in epithelial cells. Activation of KGFR is a key factor in the regulation of physiological processes in epithelial cells such as proliferation, differentiation and wound healing. Alterations of KGFR signaling have been linked to the pathogenesis of different epithelial tumors. It has been also hypothesized that its specific ligand, KGF, might contribute to the development of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in epithelial cancers and tamoxifen in estrogen-positive breast cancers.


RESULTS
Small interfering RNA was transfected into a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT), a breast cancer derived cell line (MCF-7) and a keratinocyte primary culture (KCs) to induce selective downregulation of KGFR expression. A strong and highly specific reduction of KGFR expression was observed at both RNA (reduction = 75.7%, P = 0.009) and protein level. KGFR silenced cells showed a reduced responsiveness to KGF treatment as assessed by measuring proliferation rate (14.2% versus 39.0% of the control cells, P<0.001) and cell migration (24.6% versus 96.4% of the control cells, P = 0.009). In mock-transfected MCF-7 cells, KGF counteracts the capacity of 5-FU to inhibit cell proliferation, whereas in KGFR silenced cells KGF weakly interferes with 5-FU antiproliferative effect (11.2% versus 28.4% of the control cells, P = 0.002). The capacity of 5-FU to induce cell death is abrogated by co-treatment with KGF, whereas in KGFR silenced cells 5-FU efficiently induces cell death even combined to KGF, as determined by evaluating cell viability. Similarly, the capacity of tamoxifen to inhibit MCF-7 and KCs proliferation is highly reduced by KGF treatment and is completely restored in KGFR silenced cells (12.3% versus 45.5% of the control cells, P<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that selective inhibition of the KGF/KGFR pathway may provide a useful tool to ameliorate the efficacy of the therapeutic strategies for certain epithelial tumors.
Rotolo
Sabrina
S
Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Sapienza di Roma, Roma, Italy.
Ceccarelli
Simona
S
Romano
Ferdinando
F
Frati
Luigi
L
Marchese
Cinzia
C
Angeloni
Antonio
A
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D008024:Ligands; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013629:Tamoxifen; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; C065104:keratinocyte growth factor receptor; D005472:Fluorouracil