Botulinum toxin a can positively impact first impression.
BACKGROUND First impression is influenced by facial appearance and improved by cosmetic surgery. OBJECTIVE We wanted to determine if treatment with botulinum toxin A (BTxnA) would improve first impression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women received BTxnA in the forehead. Photos were taken prior to, and 1 week after, final BTxnA injection in smiling and relaxed poses. Photos were divided into books with each subject represented only once. Evaluators completed a survey rating first impression on various measures of success for each photo. RESULTS No differences were seen for social skills, financial, or relationship success scales. A significant decrease in first impression scores between treatment photos was seen for academic performance and occupational success. However, analysis of between-subject effects found that "smile/relax" accounted for the decreased score in both scales. Significant increases in first impression scores were seen for dating success, attractiveness, and athletic success scales where smile/relax and BTxnA contributed significantly to the improved scores. CONCLUSIONS BTxnA improved first impression scores for dating success, attractiveness, and athletic success scales. Academic performance and occupational success scores were not affected by BTxnA when the smile/relax variable was included. The smile/relax variable was a more important predictor for academic performance and occupational success scores.
Dayan
Steven H
SH
University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. drdayan@drdayan.com
Lieberman
Elliot D
ED
Thakkar
Nirav N
NN
Larimer
Karen A
KA
Anstead
Amy
A
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000523:psychology*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010781:Photography; D012649:Self Concept; D015595:Skin Aging; D012938:Social Perception; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A