Adult neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of adult neural stem cells.
The pathogenesis of neurological diseases and disorders remains mostly unknown. Neuroinflammation has been proposed as a causative factor for neurological diseases. The confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain and neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in the adult central nervous system (CNS) of mammals has tremendous implications for our understanding of the physio- and pathology of the nervous system. The generation of newborn neuronal cells in the adult brain is modulated in neurological diseases and during inflammation. This suggests that adult neurogenesis is involved in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and disorders, particularly during neuroinflammation. In this manuscript, we will review the modulation of adult neurogenesis in neurological diseases and during neuroinflammation. We will discuss the role and contribution of neuroinflammation and adult neurogenesis to neurological diseases and disorders, and for the therapeutic potential of adult NSCs.
Taupin
Philippe
P
Fighting Blindness Vision Research Institute, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Glasnevin. Dublin 9, Ireland.philippe.taupin@dcu.ie
D000818:Animals; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008954:Models, Biological; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species