Analysis of RF exposure in the head tissues of children and adults.
This paper analyzes the radio frequencies (RF) exposure in the head tissues of children using a cellular handset or RF sources (a dipole and a generic handset) at 900, 1800, 2100 and 2400 MHz. Based on magnetic resonance imaging, child head models have been developed. The maximum specific absorption rate (SAR) over 10 g in the head has been analyzed in seven child and six adult heterogeneous head models. The influence of the variability in the same age class is carried out using models based on a morphing technique. The SAR over 1 g in specific tissues has also been assessed in the different types of child and adult head models. Comparisons are performed but nevertheless need to be confirmed since they have been derived from data sets of limited size. The simulations that have been performed show that the differences between the maximum SAR over 10 g estimated in the head models of the adults and the ones of the children are small compared to the standard deviations. But they indicate that the maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissues of the child models aged between 5 and 8 years is about two times higher than in adult models. This difference is not observed for the child models of children above 8 years old: the maximum SAR in 1 g of peripheral brain tissues is about the same as the one in adult models. Such differences can be explained by the lower thicknesses of pinna, skin and skull of the younger child models.
Wiart
J
J
France Telecom R&D, Issy les Moulineaux, France. joe.wiart@orange-ftgroup.com
Hadjem
A
A
Wong
M F
MF
Bloch
I
I
D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors