Polymer-clay nanocomposites as precursors of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical devices: templating effect of clays.
The present work introduces a comparative study on the use of polymer nanocomposites containing clay minerals of different structure, such as montmorillonite and sepiolite as host solids for the templating synthesis of carbon-like materials from different organic precursors. Carbon-clay nanocomposites were obtained by polymerization of either acrylonitrile or sucrose previously inserted in the pores of the clay minerals, followed by their further thermal transformation in carbon-like compounds. Acid treatment of the resulting carbon-clay nanocomposites removes the inorganic templates giving carbon-like materials with different textural features. Polymer-clay, carbon-clay and carbon-like materials have been characterized by applying spectroscopic techniques as FTIR and in situ EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and other structural, textural and analytical tools (chemical analysis, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM-EDX, N2 adsorption isotherms,...). Electrochemical properties of these carbon-clay nanocomposites, as well as their templated carbonaceous materials and their use as electrode materials of different electrochemical devices such as rechargeable Li-batteries, supercapacitors and electrochemical sensors, are also discussed.
Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
Rocío
R
Fernández-Saavedra
Margarita
M
Darder
Almudena
A
Gómez-Avilés
Pilar
P
Aranda
Eduardo
E
Ruiz-Hitzky
D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077215:Clay; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D011108:Polymers; D000077215:Clay