Effects of artesunate-cotrimoxazole and amodiaquine-artesunate against asexual and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian children.
The activities of artesunate-cotrimoxazole and artesunate-amodiaquine combinations against asexual-and sexual-stage parasites were evaluated in 182 Nigerian children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. One hundred and twenty-one children received artesunate-cotrimoxazole and 61 received artesunate-amodiaquine and all were followed up for 28 days. Clinical recovery from illness occurred in all children. There was no significant difference in fever clearance time (P = 0.35). Both treatment groups achieved a parasite clearance time of less than 2 days (1.84 +/- 0.66 days and 1.31 +/- 0.48 days); gametocyte carriage rates were comparable in the two treatment groups prior to and following treatment; both treatments appeared to reduce gametocyte carriage. The pretreatment gametocyte sex ratio, which was female-biased, was maintained throughout the period of follow up in both treatment groups. Reduction of gametocyte carriage by these two treatment regimens may reduce transmissibility in P. falciparum malaria, and this reduction is presumed to be related to the accelerated clearance of the asexual forms of the parasite.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. fentolamine@yahoo.com
Fatai A
FA
Fehintola
Ahmed A
AA
Adedeji
Grace O
GO
Gbotosho
Christian T
CT
Happi
Sulaiman T
ST
Balogun
Onikepe A
OA
Folarin
Abayomi O
AO
Sijuade
Akintunde
A
Sowunmi
D000655:Amodiaquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077332:Artesunate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C515299:amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination; D000655:Amodiaquine; D000077332:Artesunate; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination