OCT2 polymorphisms and in-vivo renal functional consequence: studies with metformin and cimetidine.
OBJECTIVE
Genetic polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) have been recently described, but their genotype-phenotype relationship in humans is unknown. We performed this study to (i) characterize genetic variations of the OCT2 gene in the Chinese population and (ii) investigate the potential functional significance of OCT2 polymorphisms using metformin (an OCT2 substrate) alone or in the presence of its transport inhibitor (cimetidine).


METHODS
Direct sequencing of all OCT2 exons and the surrounding introns was performed using genomic DNA from 112 healthy Chinese participants. To evaluate the potential functional change of a common 808G>T variant (Ala270Ser) identified in this population, 15 healthy participants with different 808G>T mutation status were recruited in a pharmacokinetic study of metformin with or without cimetidine.


RESULTS
A total of 14 genetic variants were identified and 13 had frequency more than 1%. The renal tubular clearance (CLt) of metformin averaged 8.78+/-1.75, 7.68+/-0.672, and 6.32+/-0.954 ml/min/kg for participants with GG (n=6), GT (n=5), and TT (n=4) genotypes, respectively (P=0.037, one-way analysis of variance). In the presence of cimetidine, metformin CLt was decreased in all participants, but the decrease was significantly lower in TT than GG group (18.7 vs. 48.2%, P=0.029).


CONCLUSIONS
Our study results demonstrated for the first time the existence of genetic polymorphisms of OCT2 in the Chinese population, and further showed that the 808G>T polymorphism is associated with a reduced metformin renal or tubular clearance. Moreover, the inhibition of metformin renal tubular secretion by cimetidine also appeared to be dependent on this mutation.
Wang
Zhi-Jun
ZJ
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
Yin
Ophelia Q P
OQ
Tomlinson
Brian
B
Chow
Moses S S
MS
D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D002927:Cimetidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D000075102:Organic Cation Transporter 2; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D000075102:Organic Cation Transporter 2; C491013:SLC22A2 protein, human; D002927:Cimetidine; D008687:Metformin