[Diagnosis and treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas].
This article provides an overview on the actual state of the interventional neuroradiological management of carotid cavernous fistulas depending on their anatomy and pathophysiology. The results are based on our experience gained during the treatment of patients with complex CCF during the last 15 years. Indications, procedures, and results of transarterial, transvenous and combined arteriovenous approaches for balloon occlusion, embolization, coiling and stenting of these lesions are discussed. Progress in this field is constant so that new technical advances are expected to improve the safety and to expand the indications for these procedures in the future.
Andres
R H
RH
Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universität Bern Inselspital, Bern. gerhardschroth@insol.ch
Remonda
L
L
Do
D-D
DD
Spreng
A
A
Reinert
M
M
Schroth
G
G
D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*