LPS decreases fatty acid oxidation and nuclear hormone receptors in the kidney.
Inflammation produces marked changes in lipid metabolism, including increased serum fatty acids (FAs) and triglycerides (TGs), increased hepatic TG production and VLDL secretion, increased adipose tissue lipolysis, and decreased FA oxidation in liver and heart. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also increases TG and cholesteryl ester levels in kidneys. Here we confirm these findings and define potential mechanisms. LPS decreases renal FA oxidation by 40% and the expression of key proteins required for oxidation of FAs, including FA transport protein-2, fatty acyl-CoA synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and acyl-CoA oxidase. Similar decreases were observed in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-deficient mice. LPS also caused a reduction in renal mRNA levels of PPARalpha (75% decrease), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRalpha) (92% decrease), and TRbeta (84% decrease), whereas PPARbeta/delta and gamma were not altered. Expression of PGC1 alpha and beta, coactivators required for PPARs and TR, was also decreased in kidneys of LPS-treated mice, as were mitochondrial genes regulated by PGC1 (Atp5g1, COX5a, Idh3a, and Ndufs8). Decreased renal FA oxidation could be a by-product of the systemic coordinated host response to increase FAs and TGs available for host defense and/or tissue repair. However, the kidney requires energy to support its transport functions, and the inability to generate energy via FA oxidation might contribute to the renal failure seen in severe sepsis.
Feingold
Kenneth R
KR
Metabolism Section, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. kfngld@itsa.ucsf.edu
Wang
Yuwei
Y
Moser
Arthur
A
Shigenaga
Judy K
JK
Grunfeld
Carl
C
D000818:Animals; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D005227:Fatty Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014280:Triglycerides