Scleral hydraulic conductivity and macromolecular diffusion in patients with uveal effusion syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is caused by altered scleral permeability to water and large molecules.


METHODS
Transscleral water movement was measured using surgically removed sclera clamped in a modified Ussing chamber and connected to a water column set at intraocular pressure. Sclera was also clamped between two hemichambers, and transscleral diffusion of FITC-dextrans (4.4-77 kDa) was measured with a spectrophotometer. Clinical data were prospectively collected using postal questionnaires.


RESULTS
Ten patients (mean age, 63 years; mean spherical equivalent, +4.7 D) had a median preoperative visual acuity of 0.20 that improved to 0.33 after surgery. Nine eyes showed visual improvement, three worsened, and two were unchanged. Histology showed disorganization of collagen fibrils, with amorphous deposits expanding the interfibrillary spaces. The mean thickness (+/-1 SD) of the excised scleral specimens was 585 +/- 309 microm, and the mean specific hydraulic conductivity was 23.9 +/- 27.5 x 10(-14) cm(2), compared with 5.8 +/- 3.9 x 10(-14) cm(2) in age-matched control specimens (P = 0.068). Three specimens had hydraulic conductivity above the 95% CI of the controls. Control eyes showed a significant reduction in diffusion coefficient (D) with age. Eyes had a mean D of 5.69 +/- 5.35 x 10(-8) cm(2) x s(-1), similar to control eyes (6.14 +/- 2.40 x 10(-8) cm(2) x s(-1), 20 kDa dextran). In one eye, the result was higher than the 95% CI of the control; in three, it was lower.


CONCLUSIONS
UES is not caused by reduced scleral hydraulic conductivity, which tends to be higher than expected. Reduced macromolecular diffusion may impede the normal transscleral egress of albumin with subsequent osmotic fluid retention in some, but not all eyes.
Jackson
Timothy L
TL
Department of Ophthalmology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. timljackson@doctors.org.uk
Hussain
Ali
A
Morley
Ana M S
AM
Sullivan
Paul M
PM
Hodgetts
Andrea
A
El-Osta
Austen
A
Hillenkamp
Jost
J
Charles
Stephen J
SJ
Sheard
Richard
R
Williamson
Tom H
TH
Kumar
Anupma
A
Laidlaw
D Alistair H
DA
Woon
W Hong
WH
Costen
Mark J
MJ
Luff
Andrew J
AJ
Marshall
John
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001692:Biological Transport; D003911:Dextrans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012590:Sclera / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014603:Uveal Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
D003911:Dextrans; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D014867:Water; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate