Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Shigella species isolated from epidemic and endemic cases of shigellosis in India.
Shigella species represent one of the growing numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries. Fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and Shigella flexneri type 2a emerged in India during 2002 and 2003, respectively. Sixty strains of Shigella from different parts of India were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of the qnr plasmid, mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs), fluoroquinolone accumulation, and the presence of other genes encoding resistance to various antimicrobials. Fluoroquinolone-resistant strains had mutations in gyrA and parC genes and had an active efflux system. They were also resistant to several other antimicrobials but were susceptible to azithromycin and ceftriaxone. The majority of the strains harboured genes encoding resistance to ampicillin (97 %), tetracycline (95 %), streptomycin (95 %) and chloramphenicol (94 %). PFGE analysis revealed clonality among strains of S. dysenteriae types 1 and 5, S. flexneri type 2a and Shigella boydii type 12.
Pazhani
Gururaja Perumal
GP
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
Niyogi
Swapan Kumar
SK
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
Singh
Anil Kumar
AK
Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
Sen
Bhaswati
B
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
Taneja
Neelam
N
Department of Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chandigarh, India.
Kundu
Manikuntala
M
Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India.
Yamasaki
Shinji
S
Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
Ramamurthy
Thandavarayan
T
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012760:Shigella / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones