Endothelial alpha-1-antitrypsin attenuates cigarette smoke induced apoptosis in vitro.
BACKGROUND
Deficiency of the antiprotease alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) and exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) contribute to the development of early onset emphysema. CS-induced apoptosis of alveolar cells including endothelial cells plays critical role in the lung destruction. AAT deficiency is associated with increased lung tissue destruction as well. We hypothesize that AAT protects lung alveoli from noxious environmental stimuli such as CS-induced apoptosis.


METHODS
Porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were exposed to CS in the presence or absence of AAT (20 microM). AAT internalization and markers for apoptosis were assessed by confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed in parallel to quantify the number of AAT-loaded and apoptotic cells.


RESULTS
We demonstrated that exogenous AAT accumulated in PAEC and protected cells from CS-induced apoptosis. AAT-loaded CS-exposed cells exhibited increased amounts of chaperone HSP-70 in their cytosol and less apoptosis inducing factor in their nuclei compared to AAT-untreated, CS-exposed cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that AAT is taken up by endothelial cells via two mechanisms and that intracellular AAT may have a protective role in CS-induced endothelial apoptosis. This may open new insights into the field of endothelial serpins as agents capable of protecting the vasculature from environment-derived noxious substances.
Aldonyte
Ruta
R
Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, P.O. Box 100225, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA. aldonyte.ruta@gmail.com
Hutchinson
Tarun Edgar
TE
Hutchinson
Edgar Tarun
ET
Jin
Bilian
B
Brantly
Mark
M
Block
Edward
E
Patel
Jawaharlal
J
Zhang
Jianliang
J
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000494:pharmacology*
D022461:Caveolins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin