Anger correlated with psychosocial variables in rural youth.
Uncontrolled anger is a contributing force in the three leading causes of adolescent death: homicide, suicide, and injuries. Anger may be one of the early warning signs which could lead to violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anger experience and expression with the potential correlates of life events, perceived social support, self-esteem, optimism, drug use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in rural adolescents. The participants (n = 193) were aged 14 to 17 years old in ninth through eleventh grades enrolled at three rural Western Pennsylvania public high schools. Participants completed nine questionnaires. Negative life events, anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms had significant positive correlations with anger. In addition, anger was found to have significant negative correlations with the adolescents' perceived family support, self-esteem, and optimism. With this knowledge, health promotion programs conducted by pediatric nurses can target anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms while bolstering family support, self-esteem, and optimism to promote anger management in adolescent health care.
University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Kathryn
K
Puskar
Dianxu
D
Ren
Lisa Marie
LM
Bernardo
Tammy
T
Haley
Kirsti Hetager
KH
Stark
D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001290:Attitude; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data