Effect of adhesive hydrophilicity and curing time on the permeability of resins bonded to water vs. ethanol-saturated acid-etched dentin.
OBJECTIVE
This study examined the ability of five comonomer blends (R1-R5) of methacrylate-based experimental dental adhesives solvated with 10 mass% ethanol, at reducing the permeability of acid-etched dentin. The resins were light-cured for 20, 40 or 60s. The acid-etched dentin was saturated with water or 100% ethanol.


METHODS
Human unerupted third molars were converted into crown segments by removing the occlusal enamel and roots. The resulting crown segments were attached to plastic plates connected to a fluid-filled system for quantifying fluid flow across smear layer-covered dentin, acid-etched dentin and resin-bonded dentin. The degree of conversion of the resins was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.


RESULTS
Application of the most hydrophobic comonomer blend (R1) to water-saturated dentin produced the smallest reductions in dentin permeability (31.9, 44.1 and 61.1% after light-curing for 20, 40 or 60s, respectively). Application of the same blend to ethanol-saturated dentin reduced permeability of 74.1, 78.4 and 81.2%, respectively (p<0.05). Although more hydrophilic resins produced larger reductions in permeability, the same trend of significantly greater reductions in ethanol-saturated dentin over that of water-saturated dentin remained. This result can be explained by the higher solubility of resins in ethanol vs. water.


CONCLUSIONS
The largest reductions in permeability produced by resins were equivalent but not superior, to those produced by smear layers. Resin sealing of dentin remains a technique-sensitive step in bonding etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin.
Cadenaro
Milena
M
Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Dental Sciences and Biomaterials, University of Trieste, Italy.
Breschi
Lorenzo
L
Rueggeberg
Frederick A
FA
Agee
Kelli
K
Di Lenarda
Roberto
R
Carrilho
Marcela
M
Tay
Franklin R
FR
Pashley
David H
DH
D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D016369:Smear Layer; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D000431:Ethanol; D008689:Methacrylates; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; C002462:4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol dimethacrylate; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds