Tissue-specific downregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in hyperhomocysteinemia.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, has been proposed to be a mediator of vascular dysfunction during hyperhomocysteinemia. Levels of ADMA are regulated by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Using both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we tested the hypothesis that hyperhomocysteinemia causes downregulation of the two genes encoding DDAH (Ddah1 and Ddah2). In the MS-1 murine endothelial cell line, the addition of homocysteine decreased NO production but did not elevate ADMA or alter levels of Ddah1 or Ddah2 mRNA. Mice heterozygous for cystathionine beta-synthase (Cbs) and their wild-type littermates were fed either a control diet or a high-methionine/low-folate (HM/LF) diet to produce varying degrees of hyperhomocysteinemia. Maximal relaxation of the carotid artery to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine was decreased by approximately 50% in Cbs(+/-) mice fed the HM/LF diet compared with Cbs(+/+) mice fed the control diet (P < 0.001). Compared with control mice, hyperhomocysteinemic mice had lower levels of Ddah1 mRNA in the liver (P < 0.001) and lower levels of Ddah2 mRNA in the liver, lung, and kidney (P < 0.05). Downregulation of DDAH expression in hyperhomocysteinemic mice did not result in an increase in plasma ADMA, possibly due to a large decrease in hepatic methylation capacity (S-adenosylmethionine-to-S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio). Our findings demonstrate that hyperhomocysteinemia causes tissue-specific decreases in DDAH expression without altering plasma ADMA levels in mice with endothelial dysfunction.
Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. of Iowa, C32 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Sanjana
S
Dayal
Roman N
RN
Rodionov
Erland
E
Arning
Teodoro
T
Bottiglieri
Masumi
M
Kimoto
Daryl J
DJ
Murry
John P
JP
Cooke
Frank M
FM
Faraci
Steven R
SR
Lentz
D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002460:Cell Line; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008715:Methionine / Q000097:blood; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006710:Homocysteine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C024917:symmetric dimethylarginine; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D005492:Folic Acid; D001120:Arginine; D008715:Methionine; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C059999:dimethylargininase; D003541:Cystathionine beta-Synthase