[Biological treatment options for Graves' ophthalmopathy].
The current medical treatment options for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are unsatisfactory. Recent treatment of GO patients with the B-lymphocyte depleting monoclonal antibody rituximab or with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents etanercept and infliximab has shown promising results. We discuss the use of these and other biological agents targeting B lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte interaction with antigen-presenting cells, or cytokines in the future treatment of GO.
El Fassi
Daniel
D
Odense Universitetshospital, Endokrinologisk Afdeling M. fassi@dadlnet.dk
Nielsen
Claus Henrik
CH
Hegedüs
Laszlo
L
D000069594:Abatacept; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068800:Etanercept; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000069283:Rituximab; C511911:belimumab; D000069594:Abatacept; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; C502936:tocilizumab; D000068800:Etanercept