title: Polymorphisms of the TNF, CD14, and HSPA1B genes in patients with acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genotype assessment has been suggested to be a tool for predicting disease severity in acute pancreatitis (AP). To study this hypothesis, we performed genotype analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -308 A/G, CD14 -159C/T, and HSPA1B +1267 A/G polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case-control association study of 397 patients with AP (214 of whom had an alcohol-induced AP) and 300 controls. The control group comprised 218 subjects with detailed data of alcohol consumption, 70 of whom were heavy drinkers (daily alcohol intake >40 g), and 92 blood donors. The severity of AP was determined according to the Atlanta classification. Genotyping was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry-assisted genotyping method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major allele frequency in TNF gene was 0.87 for patients with AP and 0.86 for controls. For CD14, the gene major allele frequency was 0.60 for patients and 0.63 for controls. For HSPA1B, the major allele frequencies were 0.52 for patients and 0.49 for controls, respectively. The allele frequencies did not differ significantly between AP patients with organ failure and those with mild disease, patients with alcohol-induced AP, or those with biliary AP. The patients with septic infectious complications (n = 47) had genotype distribution no different from those with mild, uncomplicated disease (n = 245).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TNF, CD14, and HSPA1B polymorphisms studied seem not to play a role in determining the severity of AP or the risk of alcohol-induced AP and thus do not serve as a tool for predicting disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. eija.tukiainen@hus.fi
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tukiainen
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kylänpää
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.forename: Esko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Halonen
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orpana
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Methuen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salaspuro
authors.forename: Reijo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haapiainen
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Repo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019512:Pancreatitis, Alcoholic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C525621:HSPA1B protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha