title: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: extension of indications based on molecular markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver transplantation usually cures hepatocellular carcinoma when the Milan selection criteria are applied, whereas there is substantial risk of posttransplant recurrence with tumors beyond these criteria. This study uses molecular data to identify a subgroup of patients who, despite having hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria, have favorable outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allelic imbalance of 18 microsatellites was analyzed in 70 consecutive patients (35 within Milan, 35 beyond Milan criteria) transplanted for hepatocellular carcinoma of whom 24 had recurrence and 46 survived at least 5 years recurrence-free. Fractional allelic imbalance (the fraction of significant microsatellites that demonstrated allelic imbalance) and relevant clinical/pathological variables were tested for correlation with time to recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allelic imbalance in 9/18 microsatellites correlated with recurrence. Fractional allelic imbalance > 0.27 and macrovascular invasion were independent predictors of recurrence in patients with tumors beyond Milan criteria; the probability of recurrence at 5 years was 85% with fractional allelic imbalance > or = 0.27 vs. 10% when < 0.27 (p=0.0002). An algorithm including Milan criteria and fractional allelic imbalance status is 89% accurate in predicting tumor recurrence after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of allelic imbalance of 9 microsatellites identifies a subgroup of patients who, despite having hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria, have a low risk of posttransplant recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Department of Surgery, Recanati Miller Transplantation Institute, Division of Liver Disease, New York, NY 10029, USA. myron.schwartz@mountsinai.org
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dvorchik
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roayaie
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Fiel
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: J Wallis
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martignetti
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Llovet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm