title: Prescribing patterns in the orthopaedics outpatient department in a teaching hospital in Pokhara, western Nepal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Information on the utilization patterns of drugs in the orthopaedics outpatient department (OPD) are lacking in hospitals in western Nepal. The present study was carried out to obtain demographic information about the respondents selected for analysis, information on the average number of drugs prescribed and the average cost of drugs per prescription. The prescriptions were critically analyzed using predetermined criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out over a four-month period (01.09.2002 to 31.12.2002) at the Manipal Teaching hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The percentage of encounters with an injection or an antibiotic prescribed was noted. The percentage of drugs prescribed from the Essential drug list of Nepal and the mean cost of drugs per prescription was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1238 patients attended the orthopaedics OPD during the study period. 186 prescriptions were randomly selected for analysis. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 1.9. Low backache was the most common reason for attending the OPD. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most commonly prescribed drug group. Diclofenac and meloxicam were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Mean cost of drugs was 166.2 Nepalese rupees. Injections and antibiotics were prescribed in 16 (8.6%) and 7 (3.8%) encounters respectively. 51 prescriptions (27.4%) had various problems. Absence of diagnosis on the prescriptions and the duration of treatment were most commonly observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percentage of prescribing by generic name was low. Educational sessions for the doctors at different levels to encourage prescribing by generic names and on correct writing of prescriptions may be considered. Studies covering a larger number of patients and for a longer time period are required. A greater number of patients can be studied, seasonal variations can be overcome and drug utilization can be measured quantitatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. ravi_p_shankar001@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
mesh_terms: D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal; D009985:Orthopedics; D019338:Polypharmacy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic