title: The effects of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse on supragingival plaque regrowth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) have stimulated the search for alternative antiplaque agents such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) and essential oils (EO). The aim of the study was to investigate the plaque-inhibiting effects of two commercially available mouthrinses containing ASF and EO, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was an observer-masked, randomized, 5 x 5 Latin square cross-over design, balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 volunteers in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. A 0.12% CHX rinse and a saline solution served as positive and negative controls, respectively. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced rinsing with their allocated rinses. On day 5, subjects were scored for disclosed plaque. The ASF rinse was tested at two dosages: 10 and 20 ml (ASF-10 and ASF-20, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ASF and EO rinses showed a significant inhibition of plaque regrowth compared to saline (P <0.0001), but the lowest plaque indices were obtained with the CHX product (P <0.01). There were no significant differences among products containing ASF-10, ASF-20, and EO (P >0.05). There was no correlation between the occurrence of side effects and the use of a particular rinse product (P >0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASF and EO mouthrinses exerted effective and similar plaque inhibition. The two dosages tested for ASF did not differ in plaque reduction. These findings, together with those from long-term trials, suggest that ASF and EO rinses may represent effective alternatives to CHX rinse as adjuncts to oral hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, Section of Periodontology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. giuseppepizzo@unipa.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: La Cara
authors.forename: Maria Ester
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Licata
authors.forename: Ignazio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pizzo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D012459:Salicylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D013729:Terpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C059813:Meridol; C057473:Listerine; D002710:Chlorhexidine