title: Extralesional detection and load of human papillomavirus DNA: a possible marker of preclinical tumor spread in cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the interaction between viral DNA products and cellular regulatory mechanisms is the first step leading to cancerous transformation, the detection of its presence in histologically negative lymph nodes may represent a very early biological step in cancer spread. The quantitative estimate may represent and an indirect sign of active cellular replication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical and lymph nodes tissues of 13 cases of invasive cervical cancer were analyzed for human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA presence and viral load by HPV typing and quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV-DNA was demonstrated in all tissue samples (primary tumor, positive lymph nodes, negative lymph nodes) with the most prevalence of HPV 16 (61.5%) and single-type infection (69.3%), whereas viral load (mean quantity of DNA copies) is statistically different in negative versus positive lymph nodes (p =.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concordance of viral type and lymph nodes viral load may represent as a useful tool in identifying early metastatic risk of tumor spread.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Virology, Fondazione San Raffaele G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lillo
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lodini
authors.forename: GianLuca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taccagni
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Origoni
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000821:virology; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000821:virology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral