title: Effects of a community-based progressive resistance training program on muscle performance and physical function in adults with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether progressive resistance training improves muscle strength, muscle endurance, and physical function in adults with Down syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (N=20) with Down syndrome (13 men, 7 women; mean age, 26.8+/-7.8 y) were randomly assigned through a concealed allocation block randomized method to either an intervention group (n=9) or a control group (n=11).
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention was a supervised, group progressive resistance training program, consisting of 6 exercises using weight machines performed twice a week for 10 weeks. Participants completed 2 to 3 sets of between 10 to 12 repetitions of each exercise until they reached fatigue. The control group continued with their usual activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes measured by blinded assessors were muscle strength (1-repetition maximum [1-RM]), muscle endurance (number of repetitions at 50% of 1-RM) for chest press and leg press, timed stairs test, and the grocery shelving task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group showed significant improvement in upper-limb muscle endurance compared with the control group (mean difference in the number of repetitions of the chest press at 50% of 1-RM was 16.7, 95% confidence interval, [CI] 7.1-26.2); and a trend toward an improvement in upper-limb muscle strength (mean difference in chest press 1-RM, 8.6 kg; 95% CI, -1.3 to 18.5 kg) and in upper-limb function (mean difference in grocery shelving task, -20.3s; 95% CI, -45.7 to 5.2s). There were no significant differences between the groups for lower-limb muscle performance or physical function measures. No major adverse events for the intervention were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progressive resistance training is a safe and feasible fitness option that can improve upper-limb muscle endurance in adults with Down syndrome (ACTR identifier ACTRN 012606000515594.).
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Centre and the School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. N.Shields@latrobe.edu.au
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Nicholas F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010807:Physical Endurance; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis