title: Stimulation of cytokines in osteoblasts cultured on enamel matrix derivative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the release of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human and mouse osteoblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human MG-63 and mouse MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto 6-well culture plates at an initial density of 5,000/cm(2) and grown in Dulbecco's eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 h. Then cells were cultured either with 100 microg/mL EMD added to DMEM or with DMEM only. After 2, 5, and 9 days' incubation the culture medium was collected and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. Data were analyzed using Student t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EMD treatment significantly increased the production of IL-6 and TGF-beta1 (P < .05) at all time points. The release of OPG was also increased in mouse osteoblasts (P < .05). IGF-I and BMP-2 were not detected in both control and EMD-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the stimulatory effects of EMD on tissue regeneration are mediated by the up-regulation of local mediators released by osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1715, USA.
authors.forename: Amy Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kamran E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Safavi
authors.forename: Larz S W
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Spangberg
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I