title: Age at first introduction of cow milk products and other food products in relation to infant atopic manifestations in the first 2 years of life: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scientific evidence is scarce about timing of solid-food introduction and its association with the development of atopy. We aimed to evaluate any associations between the introduction of cow milk products/other solid food products and infant atopic manifestations in the second year of life, taking into account reverse causation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2558 infants in an ongoing prospective birth cohort study in the Netherlands were analyzed. Data on the main determinants (introduction of cow milk products and other food products), outcomes (eczema; atopic dermatitis [United Kingdom Working Party criteria]; recurrent wheeze; any sensitization; sensitization against cow milk, hen egg, peanut, and at least 1 inhalant allergen), and confounders were collected by repeated questionnaires at 34 weeks of gestation and 3, 7, 12, and 24 months postpartum. Information on sensitization was gathered by venous blood collections performed during home visits at age 2. Analyses were performed by multiple logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More delay in introduction of cow milk products was associated with a higher risk for eczema. In addition, a delayed introduction of other food products was associated with an increased risk for atopy development at the age of 2 years. Exclusion of infants with early symptoms of eczema and recurrent wheeze (to avoid reverse causation) did not essentially change our results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delaying the introduction of cow milk or other food products may not be favorable in preventing the development of atopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. bep.snijders@epid.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Bianca E P
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Snijders
authors.forename: Carel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Ree
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007225:Infant Food; D016015:Logistic Models; D008892:Milk; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012135:Respiratory Sounds