title: Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by guanidinoacetic acid is effectively suppressed by choline and betaine in rats.
abstract: Rats were fed 25% casein (25C) diets differing in choline levels (0-0.5%) with and without 0.5% guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) or 0.75% L-methionine for 7 d to determine the effects of dietary choline level on experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. The effects of dietary choline (0.30%) and betaine (0.34%) on GAA- and methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia were also compared. Dietary choline suppressed hyperhomocysteinemia induced by GAA, but not by methionine, in a dose-dependent manner. GAA-induced enhancement of the plasma homocysteine concentration was suppressed by choline and betaine to the same degree, but the effects of these compounds were relatively small on methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. Dietary supplementation with choline and betaine significantly increased the hepatic betaine concentration in rats fed a GAA diet, but not in rats fed a methionine diet. These results indicate that choline and betaine are effective at relatively low levels in reducing plasma homocysteine, especially under the condition of betaine deficiency without a loading of homocysteine precursor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Ohya, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Setoue
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001622:Betaine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002794:Choline / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005998:Glycine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008715:Methionine / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D001622:Betaine; D008715:Methionine; C004946:glycocyamine; D002794:Choline; D005998:Glycine