title: Automatic quantity processing in 5-year olds and adults.
abstract: In this study adults performed numerical and physical size judgments on a symbolic (Arabic numerals) and non-symbolic (groups of dots) size congruity task. The outcomes would reveal whether a size congruity effect (SCE) can be obtained irrespective of notation. Subsequently, 5-year-old children performed a physical size judgment on both tasks. The outcomes will give a better insight in the ability of 5-year-olds to automatically process symbolic and non-symbolic numerosities. Adult performance on the symbolic and non-symbolic size congruity tasks revealed a SCE for numerical and physical size judgments, indicating that the non-symbolic size congruity task is a valid indicator for automatic processing of non-symbolic numerosities. Physical size judgments on both tasks by children revealed a SCE only for non-symbolic notation, indicating that the lack of a symbolic SCE is not related to the mathematical or cognitive abilities required for the task but instead to an immature association between the number symbol and its meaning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. T.Gebuis@uu.nl
authors.forename: Titia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gebuis
authors.forename: Roi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen Kadosh
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Avishai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henik
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003210:Concept Formation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult