title: Characterization of the Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida type IV pilus.
abstract: Francisella tularensis causes the disease tularaemia. Type IV pili (Tfp) genes are present in the genomes of all F. tularensis subspecies. We show that the wild-type F. tularensis subsp. novicida expresses pilus fibres on its surface, and mutations in the Tfp genes pilF and pilT disrupt pilus biogenesis. Mutations in other Tfp genes (pilQ and pilG) do not eliminate pilus expression. A mutation in pilE4 eliminates pilus expression, whereas mutations in the other pilin subunits pilE1-3 and pilE5 do not, suggesting that pilE4 is the major pilus structural subunit. The virulence regulator MglA is required for pilus expression, and it regulates the transcription of a putative Tfp glycosylation gene (FTN0431). However, MglA does not regulate transcription of pilF, pilT or pilE4, and a strain lacking FTN0431 still expresses pili; thus, it is unclear how MglA regulates pilus expression. Only pilF was also required for protein secretion, while pilE4 and pilT were not, indicating that there is very little overlap of the protein secretion/Tfp functions of the pil genes. The protein secretion component pilE1 was more important for in vitro intramacrophage growth and mouse virulence than the Tfp component pilE4. Our results provide the first genetic characterization of the novel Tfp system of F. tularensis.
authors.affiliation: South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Xhavit
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zogaj
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Subhra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.affiliation: South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Jirong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Thanassi
authors.affiliation: South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Klose
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005603:Francisella / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015870:Gene Expression; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021381:Protein Transport; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014406:Tularemia / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D036781:Fimbriae Proteins