title: Prevalence and risk factors for anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse among Jordanian collegiate students and athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study was conducted to measure the extent of androgenic steroids abuse among two targeted groups in Jordan, college students and athletes, and the risk factors associated with this abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and three Jordanian collegiate students and 154 bodybuilding athletes completed a three section questionnaire that investigated demographic information, prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and attitude towards steroids abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the investigated collegiate students, 4.2% were current users, while the percentage rose to 26% among the athletes; the mean age of users in the two groups was 19.9 and 28.1 years, respectively. Almost one-third of the students started abusing AAS before the age of 15 years while more than half of the athletes started between the ages of 15 and 18 years. Knowing where and how to get the drugs has not been a problem for either the students or the athletes as their friends and coaches were the major sources. The main reasons for using AAS have been found to help improving athletic performance and physical appearances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abusing AAS is starting to become a public health concern that implies the need to implement educational programmes, which will educate and warn adolescents and mentors about the negative side effects of AAS abuse on the health of users.
authors.affiliation: Deptartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. lubnatahtamuni@hu.edu.jo
authors.forename: Lubna H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tahtamouni
authors.forename: Noor H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Almuthana A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alfaouri
authors.forename: Iman M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Maher Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Salem R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Yasin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013177:Sports; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014495:Universities
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents