title: An oxidized implant surface may improve bone-to-implant contact in pristine bone and bone defects treated with guided bone regeneration: an experimental study in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to histometrically evaluate bone healing in the absence of bone defects and in the presence of surgically created bone defects treated by guided bone regeneration at oxidized and turned implant surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three months after dental extractions, standardized buccal dehiscence defects (height: 5 mm; width: 4 mm) were surgically created following implant site preparation in the mandible of 10 dogs. Oxidized-surface implants (OSI) and turned-surface implants (TSI) were inserted bilaterally, and the bone defects were treated by guided bone regeneration. After 3 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, blocks were dissected, and undecalcified sections were obtained and processed for histometric analysis. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) was evaluated inside the threads on the buccal (regenerated bone) and lingual sides (pristine bone) of the implants. Data were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (P <0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  New bone formation could be observed in OSI and TSI in the region of the defect creation. The BIC values observed in OSI for pristine and regenerated bone were 57.03% +/- 21.86% and 40.86% +/- 22.73%, respectively. TSI showed lower values of BIC in pristine bone (37.39% +/- 23.33%) and regenerated bone (3.52% +/- 4.87%). The differences between OSI and TSI were statistically significant. BD evaluation showed no statistically significant differences between OSI and TSI in pristine and regenerated bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oxidized implant surface promoted a higher level of BIC than the turned implant surface at pristine and regenerated bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno César de Vasconcelos
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gurgel
authors.forename: Patrícia Furtado
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Suzana Peres
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.forename: Francisco Humberto
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nociti
authors.forename: Enilson Antonio
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Antonio Wilson
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Marcio Zaffalon
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Casati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D013499:Surface Properties; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C009495:titanium dioxide; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D014025:Titanium