title: Bilateral diffusion tensor abnormalities of temporal lobe and cingulate gyrus white matter in children with temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bilateral diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) abnormalities have been reported in the white matter associated to the hippocampus in adults with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In children with a shorter duration of epilepsy, such changes may not have yet emerged. The aim of this study was to investigate interictal changes in the temporal lobe white matter (TLWM) and cingulate gyrus white matter (CGWM) of children with TLE using DTI.
  
  
  METHODS
  DTI was performed in eight children with TLE and 10 healthy, age-matched controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, parallel (lambda(||)) and perpendicular (lambda( perpendicular)) diffusivity were calculated for a volume of interest in the TLWM and CGWM on the seizure focus side and the contralateral side. Data were compared for differences between sides for patients and between patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in FA, trace, lambda(||) and lambda( perpendicular) between TLWM and CGWM on the seizure focus side versus the contralateral side in TLE patients. Increased diffusivity, lambda(||) and lambda( perpendicular) within the TLWM and CGWM were found in TLE patients compared to controls, but no significant difference in FA was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilaterally increased diffusivity, lambda(||) and lambda( perpendicular) in the white matter in children with TLE may be related to seizure induced functional or structural changes. The preserved FA in our pediatric cohort is in contrast to the reduced FA in the white matter of adults with TLE and may relate to differences in the duration of epilepsy or in the vulnerability of white matter to seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. daniel.nilsson@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Rutka
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rydenhag
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mabbott
authors.forename: O Carter
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Snead
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Raybaud
authors.forename: Elysa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widjaja
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*