title: [Initial experience in the diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder tumors with Hexvix].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White light cystoscopy is the current standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and monitorization for recurrence. Recent studies suggest that porphyrin based fluorescence cystoscopy may improve endoscopic detection of bladder tumors. We aimed to evaluate the improvement that hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy could lead in bladder cancer detection and treatment at one single centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2006 and September 2007 a total of 39 patients with known or suspected bladder cancer underwent bladder instillation with 50 ml 8 mM hexaminolevulinate (HAL) for 1 hour. The bladder was inspected using white light cystoscopy (WLC), followed by blue light (fluorescence) cystoscopy (BLC). Papillary and suspicious lesions were resected for histological examination. Mean age was 70.1 years (50-86). Thirty patients were male (76.9%) and 9 female (23.1%). The tumor characteristics were: 18% primary tumors, 51% recurrences and 30% control cystoscopies. 24 patients had previously received some treatment (9 MMC and 15 BCG). Only 7 patients had previous positive urine cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All papillary lesions visualized with WLC were confirmed by BLC (18 patients). From these, 17 have positive biopsies (6 pTaG1, 9 pT1G1-3, 1 pT2, 1 CIS). In 15 patients (38.4%) we found at least 1 lesion more with BLC. In this group 8 cases (20.5%) had positive histological diagnosis (3 pTaG1, 2 pT1G3, 3 CIS). In five patients (13%) post-TUR therapeutic management has changed by using BLC (BCG vs MMC). All four patients with CIS were diagnosed by BLC. There was no evidence of local or systemic side effects due to HAL in the postoperative time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest there is an improvement in the diagnosis of papillary and flat lesions in bladder cancer by using HAL fluorescence cystoscopy. This has changed the management in the postoperative period (MMC vs BCG) in 13% of the patients. Obviously, we need more patients to assess our data and long-term follow-up to analyze the impact in terms of tumor recurrence and progression.
authors.affiliation: Servicios de Urología II y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España. josuvargas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abascal Junquera
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hevia Suárez
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abascal García
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estébanez
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astudillo
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abascal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C419924:5-aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester