title: Emotion recognition impairment and apathy after subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease have separate neural substrates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that emotion recognition and apathy share the same functional circuit involving the subthalamic nucleus (STN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 17 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) was assessed 3 months before (M-3) and 3 months (M+3) after STN deep brain stimulation (DBS). Mean (+/-S.D.) age at surgery was 56.9 (8.7) years. Mean disease duration at surgery was 11.8 (2.6) years. Apathy was measured using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) at both M-3 and M3. Patients were also assessed using a computerised paradigm of facial emotion recognition [Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976). Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologist Press] before and after STN DBS. Prior to this, the Benton Facial Recognition Test was used to check that the ability to perceive faces was intact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apathy had significantly worsened at M3 (42.5+/-8.9, p=0.006) after STN-DBS, in relation to the preoperative assessment (37.2+/-5.5). There was also a significant reduction in recognition percentages for facial expressions of fear (43.1%+/-22.9 vs. 61.6%+/-21.4, p=0.022) and sadness (52.7%+/-19.1 vs. 67.6%+/-22.8, p=0.031) after STN DBS. However, the postoperative worsening of apathy and emotion recognition impairment were not correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that the STN is involved in both the apathy and emotion recognition networks. However, the absence of any correlation between apathy and emotion recognition impairment suggests that the worsening of apathy following surgery could not be explained by a lack of facial emotion recognition and that its behavioural and cognitive components should therefore also be taken into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, 108 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35703 Rennes, France. dominique.drapier@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drapier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Péron
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leray
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sauleau
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Biseul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drapier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Jeune
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourguignon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haegelen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vérin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects*