title: Tracking the toll of kidney disease.
abstract: Since the discovery of the Toll-like receptors and their crucial role as modulators of innate immunity, there has been increasing appreciation of their role in human health and disease. Toll-like receptor signaling is critical in defending against invading microorganisms, but sustained receptor activation is also implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Here we review the role of Toll-like receptors and their endogenous ligands in various renal diseases, particularly their activation in the inflammatory response of ischemic kidney injury, organ transplantation, and immune-mediated glomerulonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Anushree C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shirali
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008024:Ligands; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors