title: Suppression of Th2 cytokines reduces tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi load in mice.
abstract: Previous work has indicated that both Borrelia burgdorferi and the process of tick feeding (saliva) modulate the host immune response. Molecules have been identified in tick saliva that effect T cell proliferation by binding to specific cytokines, thereby promoting a Th2 cytokine response that does not afford protection against tick-transmitted B. burgdorferi in mice. Moreover, reconstitution of a Th1-biased T cell response prior to spirochete challenge effectively neutralizes tick modulation of host immunity and affords protection against tick transmission of spirochetes. The current studies were undertaken to determine the effect of neutralizing specific Th2 cytokines prior to tick feeding and subsequent transmission of B. burgdorferi. The results indicate that suppression of both IL-4 and IL-5 prior to the feeding of B. burgdorferi-infected ticks significantly decreased spirochete load in target organs such as joint, bladder, heart, and skin of the Lyme disease-susceptible host.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA. Naz2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Nordin S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Zeidner
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Jeremiah S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001096:Arachnid Vectors / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000276:immunology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology*; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015848:Interleukin-5; D015847:Interleukin-4