title: A device for in vivo measurements of quantitative ultrasound variables at the human proximal femur.
abstract: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the calcaneus has similar power as a bone mineral density (BMD)- measurement using DXA for the prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk. Ultrasound equipment is less expensive than DXA and free of ionizing radiation. As a mechanical wave, QUS has the potential of measuring different bone properties than dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA,) which depends on X-ray attenuation and might be developed into a tool of comprehensive assessment of bone strength. However, site-specific DXA at the proximal femur shows best performance in the prediction of hip fractures. To combine the potential of QUS with measurements directly at the femur, we developed a device for in vivo QUS measurements at this site. Methods comprise ultrasound transmission through the bone, reflection from the bone surface, and backscatter from the inner trabecular structure. The complete area of the proximal femur can be scanned except at the femoral head, which interferes with the ilium. To avoid edge artifacts, a subregion of the proximal femur in the trochanteric region was selected as measurement region. First, in vivo measurements demonstrate a good signal to noise ratio and proper depiction of the proximal femur on an attenuation image. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo measurements. Further improvements can be expected by refinement of the scanning technique and data evaluation method to enhance the potential of the new method for the estimation of bone strength.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Physik, Diagnostische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. barkmann@rad.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barkmann
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laugier
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dencks
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Guilleaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haïat
authors.forename: Claus-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Glüer
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D003720:Densitometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods