title: Effects of hyperglycemia and insulin therapy on high mobility group box 1 in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are commonly seen in septic patients and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been shown to play a key role as a significant factor in sepsis pathogenesis. This study investigated the increase in lung damage because of hyperglycemia and HMGB1 increase in a lipopolysaccharide-induced septic rat model and the potential for insulin therapy to reduce this lung damage by decreasing the serum level of HMGB1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, prospective animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University medical center research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Septic hyperglycemia was induced by infusion of glucose immediately after administration of lipopolysaccharide in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals were monitored for blood glucose. Separate cohorts were killed at 12 and 24 hrs postlipopolysaccharide administration and analyzed for HMGB1 and lung damage. The effects of insulin treatment were also examined. Hyperglycemic septic animals had significantly higher blood glucose and enhanced lung damage. In addition, HMGB1 was increased in the serum of hyperglycemic rats. On the other hand, insulin treatment for hyperglycemia resulted in significantly lower blood glucose and decreased both the lung damage and the serum level of HMGB1. In an in vitro study, insulin treatment inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia is associated with higher HMGB1 levels and lung damage in sepsis. Insulin therapy significantly reduced lung damage, suggesting that management of hyperglycemia with insulin might decrease HMGB1 levels in the serum and lung tissue. One of the mechanisms that could contribute to the inhibition of HMGB1 secretion might be related to the inhibition of NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose