title: Correlation of PAP smear findings with clinical findings and cervical biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carcinoma of the cervix is the most common cause of the death in Nepal. Cervical carcinoma does not develop suddenly from normal epithelium but is presented by a spectrum of intraepithelial neoplastic changes that are precancerous lesion and were termed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Cervical cytological screening is designed to detect over 90% of cytological abnormalities. It has also been established that most cervical cancers can be diagnosed at the preinvasive stage with adequate and repetitive cytological screening. Keeping in view of the importance of carcinoma and the precancerous lesion (CIN) of cervix, study of different methods for the early detection of abnormalities in cervix, correlation with the clinical findings and comparison between the techniques was carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suspicious cervix attending Gynaecology OPD of TUTH and Western regional hospital (Pokhara) who have undergone for pap smear cytology test along with biopsy were selected. Detail history with clinical examination was performed and the findings were correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unhealthy cervix with discharge was found to be common even in chronic cervicitis however bleeding and tenderness were associated with more advanced lesions. Pap smear test was found to be equally sensitive to histopathological examination for the early detection of different cervical lesions. However, it is advised to perform biopsy if any abnormalities are detected in pap smear for correlation and confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Duwakot Community Hospital, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Nepal. binitasailesh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mital
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*