Quantification of choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolites in human prostate tissues using 1H HR-MAS total correlation spectroscopy.
A fast and quantitative 2D high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) experiment was developed to resolve and quantify the choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolites in human prostate tissues in approximately 1 hr prior to pathologic analysis. At a 40-ms mixing time, magnetization transfer efficiency constants were empirically determined in solution and used to calculate metabolite concentrations in tissue. Phosphocholine (PC) was observed in 11/15 (73%) cancer tissues but only 6/32 (19%) benign tissues. PC was significantly higher (0.39 +/- 0.40 mmol/kg vs. 0.02 +/- 0.07 mmol/kg, z = 3.5), while ethanolamine (Eth) was significantly lower in cancer versus benign prostate tissues (1.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/kg vs. 2.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/kg, z = 3.3). Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) (0.57 +/- 0.87 mmol/kg vs. 0.29 +/- 0.26 mmol/kg, z = 1.2), phosphoethanolamine (PE) (4.4 +/- 2.2 mmol/kg vs. 3.4 +/- 2.6 mmol/kg, z = 1.4), and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) (0.54 +/- 0.82 mmol/kg vs. 0.15 +/- 0.15 mmol/kg, z = 1.8) were higher in cancer versus benign prostate tissues. The ratios of PC/GPC (3.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 0.32 +/- 1.4, z = 2.6), PC/PE (0.08 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.01 +/- 0.03, z = 3.5), PE/Eth (16 +/- 22 vs. 2.2 +/- 2.0, z = 2.4), and GPE/Eth (0.41 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.06 +/- 0.06, z = 2.6) were also significantly higher in cancer versus benign tissues. All samples were pathologically interpretable following HR-MAS analysis; however, degradation experiments showed that PC, GPC, PE, and GPE decreased 7.7 +/- 2.2%, while Cho+mI and Eth increased 18% in 1 hr at 1 degrees C and a 2250 Hz spin rate.
Swanson
Mark G
MG
Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. mark.swanson@radiology.ucsf.edu
Keshari
Kayvan R
KR
Tabatabai
Z Laura
ZL
Simko
Jeffry P
JP
Shinohara
Katsuto
K
Carroll
Peter R
PR
Zektzer
Andrew S
AS
Kurhanewicz
John
J
D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis*; D019856:Ethanolamine / Q000032:analysis*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000032:analysis; D011467:Prostate / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*
D004983:Ethanolamines; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D019856:Ethanolamine; C005448:phosphorylethanolamine; D002794:Choline