title: Magnetic resonance-guided angioplasty with delivery of contrast-media doped solutions to the vessel wall: an experimental study in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided delivery of a solution containing contrast-medium and immediate online monitoring of its distribution to the vessel wall during MR-guided angioplasty in peripheral arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 3 pigs, the feasibility of MR-guided atraumatic delivery of a solution containing contrast-medium and tissue dye (0.05 mmol/mL Gd-DTPA, 3% Evans blue dye) into the vessel wall of the iliac arteries was tested using a permeable balloon catheter (8 mm). Catheter placement was monitored using a steady-state free precession real-time imaging sequence.Additionally, in 5 pigs, surgically created bilateral stenoses in the external iliac artery were dilatated with the porous balloon. In these animals, contrast-enhanced MR angiography was performed before and after the interventions to assess the degree of the stenosis. In all animals, the vessel wall was delineated before and after dilatation using a T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 3 animals without stenosis, contrast medium was successfully applied to the vessel wall. On the GE images, the normalized signal intensity of the vessel wall was 0.95 +/- 0.015 arbitrary units (a. u.) prior and 2.15 +/- 0.105 a. u. after the intervention (P < 0.01). In the animals with stenosis, MR angiography performed before and after the intervention demonstrated successful dilatation of 9 of the 10 stenoses. Before the intervention, 7 stenoses were severe (76%-99%) and 3 moderate (50%-75%), and after the intervention, 4 stenoses were completely removed and 5 mild (<50%). Also in these 5 animals, the solution was visible in the vessel wall of the arteries on the T1-weighted GE MR images (normalized signal intensity prior the intervention 1.33 +/- 0.16 a. u. and 2.97 +/- 0.23 after angioplasty; P < 0.05). Histology demonstrated the distribution of the Evan's blue dye within the vessel wall in all animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-guided delivery of a contrast-medium containing solution and immediate online assessment of its distribution to the vessel wall during angioplasty in peripheral arteries is feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany. krombach@rad.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Gabriele A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Krombach
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wehner
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Bouza
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kaimann
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinzel
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Plum
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schibur
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friebe
authors.forename: Rolf W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hohl
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA