Relationships between metabolic syndrome and left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients: does sex matter?
Several studies documented an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. However, only in a few of these studies the impact of MetS on left ventricular mass (LVM) was separately analysed by gender, with conflicting results. The aim of our study was to verify, in a wide sample of essential hypertensive patients, the influence of gender, if any, on the relationship between MetS and LVM. We enrolled 475 non-diabetic subjects (mean age: 46 +/- 11 years), with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, of whom 40% had MetS, defined on the basis of Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) criteria. All the patients underwent a 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and an echocardiogram. LVM indexed for height (2.7) (LVMH (2.7)) was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in women with MetS (n=83) than in those without it (n=97; 54+/-17 vs 42+/-11 g m(-2.7)). An equally significant difference in LVMH (2.7) was documented also in male gender between the two groups with (n=105) and without MetS (n=190; 51+/-14 vs 43+/-11 g m(-2.7); P < 0.001). The relationship between MetS and LVMH (2.7) remained statistically significant (P < 0.001) in both sexes, in multiple regression analyses, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Our results seem to suggest that the relationship between MetS and LVM is not significantly affected by gender, being LVM increased in both hypertensive women and men with MetS.
Mulè
G
G
Cattedra di Medicina Interna, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Malattie Cardiovascolari e Nefrourologiche, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Centre, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. giusemme@unipa.it
Cusimano
P
P
Nardi
E
E
Cottone
S
S
Geraci
C
C
Palermo
A
A
Costanzo
M
M
Foraci
A C
AC
Cerasola
G
G
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology