title: Inhaled corticosteroid use in asthmatic children receiving Ohio Medicaid: trend analysis, 1997-2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 1997, national guidelines emphasized that inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are key therapy for individuals with all classes of persistent asthma, including children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of these guidelines via time-trend analysis of ICS dispensation among children with asthma and Ohio Medicaid insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cross-sectional analysis by yearly cohorts was performed. From January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2001, all children from birth to the age of 18 years with 6 months of Ohio Medicaid enrollment or more, 1 or more asthma diagnoses associated with a provider claim, and 1 or more prescription claims for an asthma medication in a given calendar year were identified using claims data. The daily beclomethasone equivalent (BME) dose, the daily albuterol equivalent dose, and asthma-related health care use were calculated for each child within each yearly cohort. A time-trend regression analysis of subjects enrolled in all 5 years examined factors associated with BME.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77,557 children met the study criteria. Among the 1,475 children enrolled during all 5 years, year of enrollment was a positive independent predictor of BME after adjustment for age, race, sex, systemic steroid bursts, albuterol equivalent dose, and health care use (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The daily BME dose significantly increased for children with asthma insured by Ohio Medicaid from 1997 to 2001. However, the percentages of children receiving both ICS and a therapeutic BME dose were alarmingly low. The mean BME dose was particularly low among children with 1 or more emergency department visits, no hospitalizations, and 3 or fewer physician visits for asthma per year, suggesting that broader efforts to target this group are needed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Services, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio 44308, USA. mstevenson@chmca.org
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Pamela C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: Judy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruddy
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009820:Ohio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones