title: [Application of modified reversed neurovascular flaps nourished by cutaneous nerve-superficial vein in lower extremity].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the application and therapeutic effect of modified neurovascular flaps nourished by sural nerve and small saphenous venous, or saphenous nerve and great saphenous venous.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the anatomy and recipient area, we made some modifications for the two neurovascular flaps. 1) The small and great saphenous venous were ligated or anastomosed with the venous in recipient area; 2) The flap was delayed for 8 - 14 days if the donor area was above the middle and upper one third of leg; 3) The sural nerve and its branch were anastomosed to the nerve in recipient site to restore the sense of flap; 4) the lower turning point could be designed just 3 cm above the point of internal and external malleolus; 5) Partial gastrocnemius or soleus muscle could be included in the flap if needed; 6) Reversed cross leg flap was considered if the adjacent flap in the affected side could not be used. Sometimes, we adopted more than one modification in one patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From Sep, 1994 to Apr, 2007, 63 cases were treated, including 51 cases of sural and 12 cases of saphenous neurovascular flaps. Partial necrosis (about 1 - 2 cm width) happened in the distal end of flaps in 2 cases which healed after dress changing. The patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years with satisfied functional and cosmetic results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These two modified flaps have reliable blood supply and survival rate. The operation is easily performed and very practical. The flaps, or combined with other methods can repair about 70% of the refractory defects in legs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital Of AnHui Medical Univesity, 230022, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Xiao-Jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zong-Bao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Guang-Ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult