title: Monochromatic beam characterization for Auger electron dosimetry and radiotherapy.
abstract: Dosimetry for Auger electron radiotherapy using monochromatic photon beams requires knowledge of beam characteristics. This study characterized a 35-keV photon beam generated at the LSU/CAMD synchrotron. Beam energy was measured by Compton spectroscopy and Si640c powder diffraction. Photon spatial distribution and virtual source position were measured using radiochromic film. Central-axis fluence was determined from Compton scattering measurements and application of the Klein-Nishina cross-section with percent polarization fit to results at 2-4 scattering angles. Broad-beam fluence was combined with MCNP5 Monte Carlo dose per fluence calculations to generate dose versus depth in a polymethylmethacrylate phantom, which was compared to ionization chamber and radiochromic film depth-dose measurements. For 22-41 keV beams, diffraction-based and Compton-based energy measurements agreed to within -0.1+/-0.3 and 0.6+/-0.3 keV, respectively, of monochromator calibrated energies. At 35 eV and 0.66 cm depth, dose uniformity over 80% of the 2.8 cm x 2.5 cm beam varied from 105 to 78% of the central-axis value horizontally and from 90 to 100% vertically. Narrow-beam divergence yielded vertical and horizontal virtual source-to-surface distances of 3.8+/-0.2 and 15.7+/-1.0m, respectively. Incident fluence rates for a 35-keV beam (100 mA ring current) ranged from 1.181+/-0.011 x 10(11) to 3.053+/-0.004 x 10(11)photons cm(-2)s(-1) with approximately 100% polarization in the horizontal plane. Ion chamber and film dose measurements underestimated MCNP5-based dose by an average of 6.4+/-0.8 and 9.1+/-0.8%, respectively, over measured depths. These practical beam characterization methods should allow subsequent Monte Carlo dose calculations needed for planning future radiotherapy studies. Although simulated and measured depth-dose curves agree well in shape, improvement in absolute dose is desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. jpdugas@lsu.edu
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Oves
authors.forename: Erno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sajo
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Kyungmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hogstrom
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D017356:Synchrotrons