title: Radiolabeling and evaluation of alginate blend-isoniazid microspheres by 99mTc for the treatment of tuberculosis in rabbit model.
abstract: Isoniazid (INH) is the first line anti-tubercular drug that is widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis. (99m)Tc-alginate-INH microsphere scintigraphy has been demonstrated to be a useful noninvasive imaging technique for microsphere deposits located in different organs of the rabbits. The aim of this study was to develop an improved formulation, to validate the formulation for long-time retention, as well as to assess radiotracer stability by novel quality control methods. Our study reports the labeling and evaluation of alginate blends-INH microspheres. The incorporation efficiency of optimized formulation was 89% w/w. The in vitro release study was carried out in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 7.4, and it was found that the formulation delivered the drug for 36 h. The labeling efficiency of (99m)Tc-alginate blends-INH microspheres was seen at various pH (i.e. pH ranging from 5 to 7.5) and different concentration of stannous chloride dehydrate (i.e. 25-200 microg) and it was concluded that 96% labeling efficiency was achieved in case of pH 7.5 and 60 microg stannous chloride. The stability study was carried out in saline and serum and it was found that the complex was highly stable in vitro and in vivo. The blood clearance in rabbits showed bi-exponential pattern depicting that 50% of activity washed out at 2 h with t(1/2(Fast)) was 2.1 h and t(1/2(Slow)) was 12.5 h. Bio-distribution was normal and the experimental mice showed major accumulation of the radiolabeled formulation in liver, intestine, lungs and kidneys, indicating hepatobiliary and renal route of excretion. The distribution of the drugs to the lung was showing its efficiency in the treatment of tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Abdus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samad
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aqil
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kalam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chuttani
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D011817:Rabbits; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m / Q000737:chemistry*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013670:Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; D007538:Isoniazid