title: The del22q11.2 candidate gene Tbx1 controls regional outflow tract identity and coronary artery patterning.
abstract: TBX1, encoding a T-box containing transcription factor, is the major candidate gene for del22q11.2 or DiGeorge syndrome, characterized by craniofacial and cardiovascular defects including tetralogy of Fallot and common arterial trunk. Mice lacking Tbx1 have severe defects in the development of pharyngeal derivatives including cardiac progenitor cells of the second heart field that contribute to the arterial pole of the heart. The outflow tract of Tbx1 mutant embryos is short and narrow resulting in common arterial trunk. Here we show by a series of genetic crosses using transgene markers of second heart field derived myocardium and coronary endothelial cells that a subdomain of myocardium normally observed at the base of the pulmonary trunk is reduced and malpositioned in Tbx1 mutant hearts. This defect is associated with anomalous coronary artery patterning. Both right and left coronary ostia form predominantly at the right/ventral sinus in mutant hearts, proximal coronary arteries coursing across the normally coronary free ventral region of the heart. We have identified Semaphorin3c as a Tbx1-dependent gene expressed in subpulmonary myocardium. Our results implicate second heart field development in coronary artery patterning and provide new insights into the association between conotruncal defects and coronary artery anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, Inserm Avenir group, UMR 6216 CNRS-Université de la Méditerrané, Campus de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Théveniau-Ruissy
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dandonneau
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mesbah
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ghez
authors.forename: Marie-Geneviève
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miquerol
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000235:genetics*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000196:embryology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D039961:Semaphorins / Q000235:genetics; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D039961:Semaphorins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C491573:Tbx1 protein, mouse; C510203:semaphorin 3C protein, mouse