title: Hydrogen fluoride--the protoplasmic poison.
abstract: HF is a corrosive mineral acid. It has extremely harmful systemic effects through any route of exposure. In dilute solutions the onset of symptoms is latent. It is important for caregivers to remember that HF has distinct clinical signs and a specific antidote, namely calcium gluconate. The industrial use of HF heightens the importance of being prepared for possible exposures. The emergency medical teams should be familiar with its symptoms, should possess the proper protective means and should be ready to respond properly in case of emergency.
authors.affiliation: CBRN Medical Branch, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Force.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makarovsky
authors.forename: Gal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markel
authors.forename: Tsvika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dushnitsky
authors.forename: Arik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eisenkraft
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002125:Calcium Gluconate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005751:Gastric Lavage; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011481:Protective Clothing; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; D002125:Calcium Gluconate