title: Efferent innervation of the cervical segment of the trachea in early postnatal ontogenesis.
abstract: A method based on retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to study the efferent innervation of the cervical segment of the trachea in neonatal kittens and kittens aged 10, 20, and 30 days and two months. Labeled neurons in all animals were located in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, and cervicothoracic sympathetic ganglia on the right and left sides, at the level of the medulla oblongata, and in the dorsal and ambiguus nuclei of the vagus nerves. Up to age 30 days, neurons were also seen in the ventral horns of the spinal cord in segments C1 to C5. The number of sympathetic neurons innervating the trachea increased from the moment of birth, reaching a maximum by 10-20 days and then decreasing to age two months. The number of parasympathetic neurons gradually decreased during ontogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Human Anatomy and Normal Physiology with Biophysics, Yaroslavl State Medical Academy, Yaroslavl, Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Emanuilov
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Shilkin
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Maslyukov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002415:Cats; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009333:Neck / Q000294:innervation; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D014132:Trachea / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation*