title: Effects of L-isoleucine and L-valine on hot flushes and serum homocysteine: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether L-isoleucine was effective in the treatment of hot flushes and whether L-isoleucine, L-valine, or the combination of both amino acids reduced fasting serum homocysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 1-week baseline period, 100 postmenopausal women experiencing at least five moderate-severe hot flushes per day were randomized with equal probability to one of four groups (phase 1/phase 2): placebo/L-valine, placebo/L-valine and L-isoleucine, L-isoleucine/L-valine, and L-isoleucine/L-valine and L-isoleucine. Phase 1 was 12 weeks long, and phase 2 was 10 weeks long. Patients took five capsules by mouth, twice a day throughout the study, with each capsule containing 500 mg of compound. Data were obtained from daily hot flush diaries, fasting blood work, and several questionnaires. The primary outcome variable was the percent change in hot flush composite score from baseline to week 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase 1 of the study, there were no significant differences between the L-isoleucine and placebo groups for any of the outcome measures. At week 12, there was a mean 13.9% decrease in hot flush composite score compared with baseline in the L-isoleucine group and a mean 25% decrease in the placebo group (P=.28). In phase 2 of the study, there was no significant change in fasting serum homocysteine levels associated with any of the amino acid therapies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  L-isoleucine therapy appears to be ineffective in the treatment of hot flushes in postmenopausal women. L-isoleucine and L-valine, either alone or in combination, appear to have no effect on fasting serum homocysteine levels. CLINCIAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, (www.clinicaltrials.gov), NCT00081952.
  
  
  METHODS
  I.
authors.affiliation: University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. tguttuso@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guttuso
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kieburtz
mesh_terms: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014633:Valine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007532:Isoleucine; D006710:Homocysteine; D014633:Valine