13C NMR characterization of an exchange reaction between CO and CO2 catalyzed by carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) catalyzes the reversible oxidation of CO to CO2 at a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster (the C-cluster). CO oxidation follows a ping-pong mechanism involving two-electron reduction of the C-cluster followed by electron transfer through an internal electron transfer chain to external electron acceptors. We describe 13C NMR studies demonstrating a CODH-catalyzed steady-state exchange reaction between CO and CO2 in the absence of external electron acceptors. This reaction is characterized by a CODH-dependent broadening of the 13CO NMR resonance; however, the chemical shift of the 13CO resonance is unchanged, indicating that the broadening is in the slow exchange limit of the NMR experiment. The 13CO line broadening occurs with a rate constant (1080 s-1 at 20 degrees C) that is approximately equal to that of CO oxidation. It is concluded that the observed exchange reaction is between 13CO and CODH-bound 13CO2 because 13CO line broadening is pH-independent (unlike steady-state CO oxidation), because it requires a functional C-cluster (but not a functional B-cluster) and because the 13CO2 line width does not broaden. Furthermore, a steady-state isotopic exchange reaction between 12CO and 13CO2 in solution was shown to occur at the same rate as that of CO2 reduction, which is approximately 750-fold slower than the rate of 13CO exchange broadening. The interaction between CODH and the inhibitor cyanide (CN-) was also probed by 13C NMR. A functional C-cluster is not required for 13CN- broadening (unlike for 13CO), and its exchange rate constant is 30-fold faster than that for 13CO. The combined results indicate that the 13CO exchange includes migration of CO to the C-cluster, and CO oxidation to CO2, but not release of CO2 or protons into the solvent. They also provide strong evidence of a CO2 binding site and of an internal proton transfer network in CODH. 13CN- exchange appears to monitor only movement of CN- between solution and its binding to and release from CODH.
Seravalli
Javier
J
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA.
Ragsdale
Stephen W
SW
D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C019823:carbon monoxide dehydrogenase