title: Comparative genome analysis of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Gallinarum 287/91 provides insights into evolutionary and host adaptation pathways.
abstract: We have determined the complete genome sequences of a host-promiscuous Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis PT4 isolate P125109 and a chicken-restricted Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum isolate 287/91. Genome comparisons between these and other Salmonella isolates indicate that S. Gallinarum 287/91 is a recently evolved descendent of S. Enteritidis. Significantly, the genome of S. Gallinarum has undergone extensive degradation through deletion and pseudogene formation. Comparison of the pseudogenes in S. Gallinarum with those identified previously in other host-adapted bacteria reveals the loss of many common functional traits and provides insights into possible mechanisms of host and tissue adaptation. We propose that experimental analysis in chickens and mice of S. Enteritidis-harboring mutations in functional homologs of the pseudogenes present in S. Gallinarum could provide an experimentally tractable route toward unraveling the genetic basis of host adaptation in S. enterica.
authors.affiliation: The Pathogen Sequencing Unit, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom. nrt@sanger.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Windhorst
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vernikos
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Churcher
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quail
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pickard
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kingsley
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bignell
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ormond
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abdellah
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cherevach
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chillingworth
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norberczak
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arrowsmith
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jagels
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moule
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mungall
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chabalgoity
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maskell
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dougan
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkhill
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000235:genetics*