title: Quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging using different autocalibrated parallel acquisition techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare three different autocalibrated parallel acquisition techniques (PAT) for quantitative and semiquantitative myocardial perfusion imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven healthy volunteers underwent myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging at rest using an SR-TrueFISP pulse sequence without PAT and while using GRAPPA, mSENSE, and TSENSE. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), normalized upslopes (NUS), and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were calculated. Artifacts, image noise, and overall image quality were qualitatively assessed. Furthermore, the relation between signal intensity (SI) and contrast medium (CM) concentration was determined in phantoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using PAT the linear range of the SR-TrueFISP sequence was increased about 40%. All three PAT methods introduced significant loss in SNR and CNR. GRAPPA yielded slightly better values then mSENSE and TSENSE. Both SENSE techniques introduced significantly residual aliasing artifacts. Image noise was increased with all three PAT methods. However, overall image quality was reduced only with mSENSE. Even though GRAPPA yielded smaller NUS values than non-PAT, mSENSE, and TSENSE, no differences were found in MBF between all applied techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative and semiquantitative myocardial perfusion imaging can benefit from PAT due to shorter acquisition times and increased linearity of the pulse sequence. GRAPPA and TSENSE turned out to be well suited for quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Mainz University Medical School, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany. stefanw@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kronfeld
authors.forename: R Peter
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muennemann
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horstick
authors.forename: Karl-Friedrich
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kreitner
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging