title: Paricalcitol reduces albuminuria and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: a randomized double-blind pilot trial.
abstract: Vitamin D receptor activation is associated with improved survival in patients with chronic kidney disease, but the mechanism of this benefit is unclear. To better understand the effects of vitamin D on endothelial function, blood pressure, albuminuria, and inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (2 patients stage 2, remaining stage 3), we conducted a pilot trial in 24 patients who were randomly allocated equally to 3 groups to receive 0, 1, or 2 microg of paricalcitol, a vitamin D analog, orally for 1 month. Placebo-corrected change in flow mediated dilatation with a 1-microg dose was 0.5% and 0.4% with a 2-microg dose (P>0.2). At 1 month, the treatment:baseline ratio of high sensitivity C-reactive protein was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.1; P=0.02) with placebo, 0.8 (95% CI: 0.3 to 1.9; P=0.62) with a 1-microg dose, and 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9; P=0. 03) with a 2-microg dose of paricalcitol. At 1 month, the treatment:baseline ratio of 24-hour albumin excretion rate was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.69; P=0.01) with placebo, 0.52 (95% CI: 0.40 to 0.69; P<0.001) with a 1-microg dose, and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.83; P=0. 01) with a 2-microg dose (P<0.001 for between group changes). No differences were observed in iothalamate clearance, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, or parathyroid hormone with treatment or on washout. Thus, paricalcitol-induced reduction in albuminuria and inflammation may be mediated independent of its effects on hemodynamics or parathyroid hormone suppression. Long-term randomized, controlled trials are required to confirm these benefits of vitamin D analogs.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University and VAMC, 1481 W 10th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. ragarwal@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Pooneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alborzi
authors.forename: Nina A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bills
authors.forename: Dagim M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bekele
authors.forename: Zerihun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bunaye
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004872:Ergocalciferols; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C084656:paricalcitol