title: Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the quantitative protein composition of wheat grain.
abstract: The continuing increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is predicted to enhance biomass production and to alter biochemical composition of plant tissues. In the present study, winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Batis') was grown under ambient air (BLOW, CO 2 concentration: 385 muL L (-1)) and free-air CO 2 enrichment (FACE, CO 2 concentration: 550 muL l (-1)) and two different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (normal N supply: N100, 50% of normal N supply: N50). Mature kernels were milled into white flour and analyzed for the contents of crude protein, Osborne fractions, single gluten protein types and glutenin macropolymer. Elevated CO 2 caused significant reductions in crude protein and all protein fractions and types ( p < 0.001) except albumins and globulins. Effects were more pronounced in wheat samples supplied with normal amounts of N fertilizer. Crude protein was reduced by 14% (N100) and 9% (N50), gliadins by 20% and 13%, glutenins by 15% and 15% and glutenin macropolymer by 19% and 16%, respectively. Within gliadins, omega5-gliadins (-35/-22%) and omega1,2-gliadins (-27/-14%) were more affected than alpha-gliadins (-21/-13%) and gamma-gliadins (-16/-12%). Within glutenins, HMW subunits (-23/-18%) were more affected than LMW subunits (-12/-15%). According to these results, flour from high CO 2 grown grain will have a diminished baking quality. To our knowledge, these are the first results of elevated CO 2 concentrations impacts on wheat grain protein composition gained under relevant growing conditions at least for Central Europe.
authors.affiliation: German Research Centre for Food Chemistry and Hans-Dieter-Belitz-Institute for Cereal Research, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.forename: Remy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manderscheid
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erbs
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Weigel
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005903:Gliadin / Q000032:analysis; D005983:Glutens / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin; C037302:glutenin