title: Differentiation and production of action potentials by embryonic rat retina stem cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transplantation of retinal stem cells (RSCs) is a potential therapy for retinal degeneration. However, success critically depends on whether RSCs can differentiate into fully functional daughter cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-cell patch clamp techniques were used to characterize the postinduction developmental profile of membrane potentials and ionic currents in RSCs cultured from embryonic day 17 Long Evans rats. These results were compared to recordings obtained from cultured cells obtained from postnatal day 1 rat pups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outward rectifying potassium currents (I(K+)) were observed in approximately 15% of cells at day 3 and in all cells by day 7. Voltage-dependent sodium currents took longer to emerge (day 7), and TTX-sensitive channels were not fully mature until day 15. Broad excitatory potentials, characteristic of immature action potentials, could be reliably stimulated by day 10, and spontaneous action potentials were recorded at day 25, which were indistinguishable, in terms of width and amplitude, from the comparison group of developing retinal neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maturation of presumptive retinal ganglion cell electrophysiological properties appears to take at least 15 days under these culture conditions. Knowledge of the timing of voltage-dependent ion channel development could improve the success rate in future transplantation protocols.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Eye Hospital/Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zheng Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhong-Shan
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium