title: PPAR delta agonist L-165041 inhibits rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of cell cycle.
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear hormone receptors consists of three subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma). PPAR delta is ubiquitously expressed and involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the effect of PPAR delta on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration has not been fully elucidated yet. Here, we investigated the effect of L-165041, a selective ligand for PPAR delta, on PDGF-induced rat VSMC proliferation. Our data show that L-165041 inhibited rat VSMC proliferation in a dose dependent manner by blocking G(1) to S phase progression and repressing the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Furthermore, L-165041 inhibited PDGF-induced expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4. These effects less likely involve PPAR gamma pathway because PPAR gamma antagonist GW9662 pretreatment failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of L-165041 on rVSMC proliferation and migration. For in vivo studies, L-165041 was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats using osmotic pumps before and after the carotid balloon injury, and L-165041 decreased neointima formation after the carotid injury. In conclusion, our results suggest that PPAR delta ligand L-165041 can be a therapeutic agent to control pathologic cardiovascular conditions such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health (NIH), Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Seahyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kuy-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye-Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung-Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyoung-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000166:cytology; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D010642:Phenoxyacetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C520164:4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid; D047494:PPAR delta; D010642:Phenoxyacetates; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases