title: Dietary factors associated with plasma high molecular weight and total adiponectin levels in apparently healthy women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate associations between dietary factors and high molecular weight (HMW) as well as total adiponectin in a sample of apparently healthy adult Mediterranean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty women were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed in all subjects. Fasting blood samples were taken; HMW and total adiponectin concentrations were measured. Food intake was evaluated using 3-day food records. The frequency of consumption of several food groups was approximately quantified in terms of number of servings per day. Furthermore, dietary intakes of betaine, choline, and free choline were estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the highest HMW adiponectin tertile had higher fruit intake compared with those with lower levels, after adjusting for potential confounders (P=0.04). On the contrary, dietary betaine and choline intakes were not different among HMW adiponectin tertiles. In linear models, fruit consumption, controlling for biological and lifestyle variables, was significantly related to HMW adiponectin (partial r=0.15, P=0.04), but the association with total adiponectin did not reach statistical significance (partial r=0.11, P=0.12). A significant negative correlation between total adiponectin and refined cereals was also observed (partial r=-0.16, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study that evaluates associations between dietary factors and HMW adiponectin levels. The associations found are moderate and indicate that, after multivariate adjustment, fruit consumption is related to HMW adiponectin in both linear and nonlinear models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yannakoulia
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yiannakouris
authors.forename: Labros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melistas
authors.forename: Evaggelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fappa
authors.forename: Nikoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vidra
authors.forename: Meropi D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kontogianni
authors.forename: Christos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mantzoros
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001622:Betaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001823:Body Composition; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D015596:Nutrition Assessment
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001622:Betaine; D002794:Choline