title: Adaptation and testing of instruments to measure diabetes self-management in people with type 2 diabetes in mainland China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of instruments used to measure diabetes self-management (DSM) that were modified and translated into Chinese.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 30 people with type 2 diabetes in Beijing, China, completed a questionnaire consisting of six instruments that had been translated and modified for use with a Chinese population. The reliability and validity were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cronbach's alpha for the six instruments varied from .62 to .87. Factors analysis was performed, with variances explained by factors ranging from 61.6% to 97.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the psychometric testing of the modified and translated instruments support the use of these tools to assess DSM and its influencing factors in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati, USA.
authors.lastname: Yin Xu
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toobert
authors.lastname: Wei Pan
authors.forename: Kyra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whitmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002681:China; D003142:Communication; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005190:Family / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011594:Psychometrics; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating