title: Single-cell transcription site activation predicts chemotherapy response in human colorectal tumors.
abstract: Candidate gene and pathway approaches, and unbiased gene expression profiling, have identified marker signatures predictive of tumor phenotypes, such as drug sensitivity and invasive or metastatic potential. However, application of such information to evaluation of tumors in the clinic is limited by cell heterogeneity in the tumor. We have developed a novel method of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that can detect transcriptional activation of individual genes at their site in single cells in the interphase nucleus. A major obstacle in the treatment of colorectal cancer is relative insensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Here, we have developed a sensitive approach to predict relative sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU, using FISH with probes targeted to nascent mRNAs to measure the number of individual cells with active transcription sites for a panel of candidate genes. These results reveal that the transcriptional status of four key genes, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), MORF-related gene X (MRGX), Bcl2-antagonist/killer (BAK), and ATPase, Cu(2+) transporting beta polypeptide (ATP7B), can accurately predict response to 5-FU. As proof of principle, we show that this transcriptional profile is predictive of response to 5-FU in a small number of patient colon tumor tissues. This approach provides a novel ability to identify and characterize unique minor cell populations in the tumor that may exhibit relative resistance to chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Rossanna C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pezo
authors.forename: Saumil J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: L Andrew
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pestell
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Augenlicht
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D000465:Algorithms; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological / Q000032:analysis; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site / Q000502:physiology*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494772:BAK1 protein, human; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C491669:MORF4L2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D013940:Thymidylate Synthase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000612464:ATP7B protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D005472:Fluorouracil