title: Osteoporotic fractures and hospitalization risk in chronic spinal cord injury.
abstract: Osteoporosis is a well acknowledged complication of spinal cord injury. We report that motor complete spinal cord injury and post-injury alcohol consumption are risk factors for hospitalization for fracture treatment. The clinical assessment did not include osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment considerations, indicating a need for improved clinical protocols.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Treatment of osteoporotic long bone fractures often results in lengthy hospitalizations for individuals with spinal cord injury. Clinical features and factors that contribute to hospitalization risk have not previously been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifteen veterans > or = 1 year after spinal cord injury completed a health questionnaire and underwent clinical exam at study entry. Multivariate Cox regression accounting for repeated events was used to assess longitudinal predictors of fracture-related hospitalizations in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers 1996-2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand four hundred and eighty-seven hospital admissions occurred among 315 participants, and 39 hospitalizations (2.6%) were for fracture treatment. Median length of stay was 35 days. Fracture-related complications occurred in 53%. Independent risk factors for admission were motor complete versus motor incomplete spinal cord injury (hazard ratio = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.46-10.50). There was a significant linear trend in risk with greater alcohol consumption after injury. Record review indicated that evaluation for osteoporosis was not obtained during these admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessed prospectively, hospitalization in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers for low-impact fractures is more common in motor complete spinal cord injury and is associated with greater alcohol use after injury. Osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment considerations were not part of a clinical assessment, indicating the need for improved protocols that might prevent low-impact fractures and related admissions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA 02118, USA. lmorse4@partners.org
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Battaglino
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Stolzmann
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hallett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waddimba
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lazzari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garshick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000209:etiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014728:Veterans