title: Older patients' unexpressed concerns about orthopaedic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the U.S. population ages, orthopaedic surgeons will increasingly be required to counsel older patients about major surgical procedures. Understanding patient concerns or worries about surgery could help orthopaedic surgeons to assist their patients in making these decisions. The objectives of this study were to explore the nature of patient concerns regarding orthopaedic surgery and to describe how patients raise concerns during visits with orthopaedic surgeons and how orthopaedic surgeons respond.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a study involving audiotaping of 886 visits between patients and orthopaedic surgeons, fifty-nine patients sixty years of age or older who were considering surgery were recruited to participate in semistructured telephone interviews at five to seven days and one month after the visit. Patients were asked about their perceptions of the visit and how they made their decision about surgery. These interviews were analyzed to identify patients' concerns with the use of qualitative content analysis and then compared with the audiotaped visits to determine whether these concerns were actually raised during the visit and, if so, how well the orthopaedic surgeons responded. Analyses based on patient race (black or white) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty-four concerns pertaining to (1) the surgery (anticipated quality of life after the surgery, the care facility, the timing of the operation, and the patient's capacity to meet the demands of the surgery) and (2) the surgeons (their competency, communication, and professional practices) were identified. Patients raised only 53% of their concerns with the orthopaedic surgeons and were selective in what they disclosed; concerns about the timing of the operation and about the care facility were frequently raised, but concerns about their capacity to meet the demands of the surgery and about the orthopaedic surgeons were not. Orthopaedic surgeons responded positively to 66% of the concerns raised by the patients. Only two concerns were raised in response to direct surgeon inquiry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients raised only half their concerns regarding surgery with orthopaedic surgeons. Orthopaedic surgeons are encouraged to fully address how patients' capacity to meet the demands of the surgery, defined by their resources (such as social support, transportation, and finances) and obligations (to family members, employers, and religion), may impinge on their willingness to accept recommended surgery.
authors.affiliation: The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. hudakp@smh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hudak
authors.forename: Kristy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Clarence
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braddock
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levinson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations