title: Over the counter (OTC) oral remedies for arthritis and rheumatism: how effective are they?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasingly patients resort to alternative remedies for arthritis and rheumatism, perhaps partly impelled by reports of toxicities from prescribed non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). There is uncertainty about whether the most common alternative treatments provide relief or may cause adverse reactions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the validity of manufacturers' claims permitted by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) in Australia for a range of self-medication products to treat the pain and inflammation of arthritis, available in local pharmacies, supermarkets or by mail order and in other countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  OTC products were administered orally to rats in standard assays for suppressing experimental arthritis and fever and for determining potential gastrotoxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three NSAIDs available OTC were efficacious but gastrotoxic. Of the 37 herbal formulations examined, seven were as effective as ibuprofen in the anti-arthritic assay without causing gastric bleeding. Five of the 10 animal-sourced products tested were also effective without evident toxicity. Within a certain class of product, e.g. celery seed extracts or dried mussel preparations, efficacies ranged from almost zero to highly effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumers currently have no guide to the likely efficacy of TGA-approved remedies. Quality control is urgently needed to justify the veracity of TGA-permitted and other claims on product labels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 4102, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia. dbutters-michaelw@powerup.com.au
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Brooks