title: Detection of a broad range of class I and II Newcastle disease viruses using a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay.
abstract: Prompt detection of virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is challenging because of the broad genetic variability across 2 clades comprising 18 recognized genotypes. A large proportion of class I low virulence ND viruses recently identified in samples recovered from wild birds and from poultry in live bird markets are not detected by the validated real-time RT-PCR assay that targets the matrix gene (M-gene assay). This study describes the identification and sequencing of a conserved region from the polymerase gene of class I NDV and the design and evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR assay (L-TET assay) that identifies a broad range of NDV, demonstrates a 10-fold increase in sensitivity over a previously reported L-gene assay, and works in conjunction with the existing M-gene assay using the same protocol. The L-TET assay detects <or=1 fg of homologous transcribed RNA from genotypes 5, 7, and 8 of class I, and from class II genotype II in either single- or multiplex format. Differential detection of mixed class I and II viruses down to 100 fg is possible because L-TET uses an alternate fluorophore from the M-gene assay. The multiplexed assay is capable of detecting a broad range of class I and II ND viruses with <1 threshold cycle decrease in sensitivity compared to the single probe. A total of 140 class I (n = 108, genotypes 1-2 and 4-9) and class II (n = 32, genotypes I-VII) were correctly identified by both the single- and multiplex formats.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Animal Research Service, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mia Kim
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Claudio L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral