title: Urological complications: analysis and management of 1525 consecutive renal transplantations.
abstract: Urological complications after renal transplantation increase morbidity, delay graft function, and occasionally lead to graft and/or patient loss. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of and therapeutic approaches to urological complications in renal transplantation as they related to patient outcomes. A series of 1525 consecutive renal transplantations were performed over a 24-year period. Renal grafts were obtained in 814 cases from living-related and in 711 from cadaveric donors. A Lich-Gregoire ureterovesical reimplantation technique with minimal bladder wall dissection was employed in all cases. Ureteral stents were routinely used in cadaveric transplants and exceptionally among living-related grafts. Urological complications were classified according to the mechanism and site of urinary tract involvement: graft ureteropelvic junction obstruction/stenosis (A), ureteral obstruction/stenosis (B), ureterovesical anastomosis obstruction/stenosis (C), urinary leakage (D), and other (E). Overall, we encountered 96 urological complications (6.3%). Group C complications occurred in 29 cases (30.2%), followed by 27 cases (28.1%) for group B patients, 25 cases (26.0%) for group D, 12 cases (12.5%) for group A, and 3 cases (3.1%) for group E patients. Surgical intervention was required in 49 (51.0%) of all urological complications. The others (n = 47, 49.0%) were treated either conservatively or by minimally invasive procedures. A rapid diagnosis of urological complications, assisted by early posttransplant DTPA scans, routine ultrasonography, and especially prompt treatment, resulted in compensation of renal graft dysfunction in the vast majority (n = 90, 93.8%) of cases. Surgical techniques of graft retrieval and reimplantation are of utmost importance to minimize the incidence of urological complications.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zavos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karatzas
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Karidis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bokos
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stravodimos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boletis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostakis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery