title: Glutathione and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase are modulated by overexpression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: This study examines the effects of neuronal nitric oxide overexpression (nNOS) in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. The up-regulation of nNOS causes an increase in the intracellular concentration of glutathione (GSH) that was mandatory for counteracting NO-mediated cytotoxicity. Indeed, inhibition of GSH synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) significantly enhances NO toxicity. nNOS increase also mediates a down-regulation of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in terms of mRNA production, protein and activity levels. The nNOS inhibitor (7-Ni), while restores the GSH content, does not recover the SOD1 level, suggesting that NO is not directly involved in SOD1 modulation. SOD1 reduction is most probably due to an increased DNA binding capacity of AP-1, which seems to play a negative role in the capacity of Sp1 to bind to the sod1 gene promoter. Actually, this study demonstrates that nNOS directly interacts with Sp1, both in the cytosol as well as in the nucleus, forming a stable heterocomplex that could have an important physiological role in the modulation of Sp1 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aquilano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotilio
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ciriolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione