title: Clinical events in prostate cancer lifestyle trial: results from two years of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research has demonstrated that patients with prostate cancer participating in the Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial had a reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, inhibition of LNCaP cell growth, and fewer prostate cancer-related clinical events at the end of 1 year compared with controls. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical events in this trial during a 2-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Trial was a 1-year randomized controlled clinical trial of 93 patients with early-stage prostate cancer (Gleason score <7, PSA 4-10 ng/mL) undergoing active surveillance. The patients in the experimental arm were encouraged to adopt a low-fat, plant-based diet, to exercise and practice stress management, and to attend group support sessions. The control patients received the usual care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 2 years of follow-up, 13 of 49 (27%) control patients and 2 of 43 (5%) experimental patients had undergone conventional prostate cancer treatment (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or androgen deprivation, P < .05). No differences were found between the groups in other clinical events (eg, cardiac), and no deaths occurred. Three of the treated control patients but none of the treated experimental patients had a PSA level of >or=10 ng/mL, and 1 treated control patient but no treated experimental patients had a PSA velocity of >2 ng/mL/y before treatment. No significant differences were found between the untreated experimental and untreated control patients in PSA change or velocity at the end of 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with early-stage prostate cancer choosing active surveillance might be able to avoid or delay conventional treatment for at least 2 years by making changes in their diet and lifestyle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frattaroli
authors.forename: Gerdi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dnistrian
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Daubenmier
authors.forename: Ruth O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crutchfield
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yglecias
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ornish
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen