title: Preferred clinical practice in convergence insufficiency in India: a survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment most appropriate for CI. The aim of the study was to investigate the treatment for CI by surveying the ophthalmologists regarding the most common treatment modalities used in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred questionnaires were distributed amongst ophthalmologists attending different sessions of the Delhi Ophthalmological Society annual conference held in April 2007. Two hundred and three ophthalmologists responded (response rate 50.75%). The responders included 109 private practitioners, 57 consultants attached to teaching institutes and 37 residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of ophthalmologists (66.7%) claimed encountering > 5% outpatient department patients with CI. Pencil push-ups therapy (PPT) was the most common first line of treatment offered by ophthalmologists (79%) followed by synoptophore exercises (18%). Only 3% referred the patients to optometrists. Thirty per cent ophthalmologists claimed good results with PPT, which was significantly higher in private practitioners (35%). Only 26% ophthalmologists explained physiological diplopia to patients on a regular basis and reported significantly higher percentage of patients (46.3%) with good results. Only 12.3% ophthalmologists needed to refer > 30% patients for synoptophore exercises. For failure of PPT 86.7% considered lack of compliance as the major reason as perceived by ophthalmologists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey suggested that most ophthalmic practitioners prescribed PPT as the initial treatment for CI and had satisfactory results with PPT. The majority of the practitioners did not explain to the patient about physiological diplopia. Explaining physiological diplopia may improve outcome, as perceived from the survey.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sourabh D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Patwardhan
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Sumeet K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khanduja
mesh_terms: D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009988:Orthoptics / Q000379:methods*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology