title: Biophysical and ion channel functional characterization of the Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in varying detergent-lipid environments.
abstract: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of Torpedo electric rays has been extensively characterized over the last three decades. However, high-resolution structural studies have been hampered by the lack of mechanistic molecular models that describe how detergents influence membrane protein stability and function. Furthermore, elucidation of the dynamic detergent-lipid-protein interactions of solubilized membrane proteins is a largely unexplored research field. This study examines the effects of nine detergents on: (1) nAChR-lipid composition (gas chromatography with flame ionization; GC-FID and/or mass selective detectors; GC-MSD), (2) stability and aggregation state (analytical size exclusion chromatography; A-SEC and electron microscopy; EM) and (3) ion channel function (planar lipid bilayers). Detergent solubilization of nAChR-enriched membranes did not result in significant native lipid depletion or destabilization. Upon purification, native lipid depletion occurred in all detergents, with lipid-analogue detergents CHAPS {(3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate}, FC-12 (n-dodecylphosphocholine) and sodium cholate (3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid) maintaining stability and supporting ion channel function, and non-lipid-analogue detergents Cymal-6 (6-cyclohexyl-1-hexyl-beta-D-maltoside), DDM (n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltopyranoside), LDAO (lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide) and OG (n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside) decreasing stability and significantly reducing or completely suppressing ion channel function. Anapoe-C(12)E(9 )(polyoxyethylene-[9]-dodecyl ether) and BigCHAP (N,N'-bis-[3-d-gluconamidopropyl] cholamide) retained residual amounts of native lipid, maintaining moderate stability and ion channel function compared to lipid-analogue detergents. Therefore, the nAChR can be stable and functional in lipid-analogue detergents or in detergents that retain moderate amounts of residual native lipids, but not in non-lipid-analogue detergents.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Guillermo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Asmar-Rovira
authors.forename: Aloysha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Asseo-García
authors.forename: Orestes
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Anchi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nogueras
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lasalde-Dominicci
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry*; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014101:Torpedo / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D007473:Ion Channels; D008055:Lipids; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic