title: Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolate mofetil and its glucuronide metabolites in healthy volunteers.
abstract: We previously reported that polymorphisms in the UGT2B7 and UGT1A9 genes are associated with significant alteration in the disposition of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study further evaluates the impact of genetic polymorphisms at the UGT1A1, UGT1A7 and ABCC2 loci.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic analyses of five UGT candidate genes and ABCC2 were completed on 47 healthy subjects who received a single dose of 1.5 g mycophenolate mofetil and completed a 12-h pharmacokinetic profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses indicate that the ABCC2 -24T promoter polymorphism is associated with a 25% increase in acyl mycophenolic acid phenolic glucuronide level. Subjects with combined ABCC2 -24T and UGT1A9*3 genotypes present a 169% increased exposure to AcMPAG. Homozygosity for UGT1A7 387G/391A (129Lys/131Lys) is associated with a modest but significant 7% reduction in MPA level. When these additional genetic factors are considered in the model, the effects of previously described UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 variations remain significant. No significant effect is observed for UGT1A1*28, UGT1A7 622T/C (Trp208Arg), UGT1A9 -440TC/-331CT, UGT1A9 -118 TA(9/10) and seven other ABCC2 SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that MPA disposition is a multigenic process, and that additional studies are required to ascertain the relationship between UGT, ABCC2 genotypes and MPA pharmacokinetics in transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Oncology & Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUL Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, T3-48, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lévesque
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Benoit-Biancamano
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delage
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guillemette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D020719:Glucuronides; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme; C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C524630:UGT1A7 protein, human