title: Memantine prevents the cognitive impairment induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats.
abstract: Amphetamine abuse is an important risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment involving learning and memory. Since in previous studies we have demonstrated the effectiveness of alpha-7 nicotinic receptor antagonists in preventing the neurotoxicity induced by amphetamine derivatives, the present paper seeks to determine whether pre-treatment with memantine (MEM) (an antagonist of both nicotinic and NMDA receptors) counteracts the memory impairment induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) administration in male Long Evans rats. In mice, MDMA and MEM induced a locomotor stimulant response but with a different profile. Moreover, MEM inhibited the rearing and thygmotaxis behaviour induced by MDMA. Non-spatial memory was tested in the object recognition test and the spatial learning and memory was tested in the Morris water maze. In our experimental conditions, rats receiving MEM pre-treatment recovered the ability to discriminate between the familiar and the novel object that had been abolished by MDMA treatment. Animals treated with MDMA showed impaired learning in the Morris water maze. Results of the probe trial demonstrated that MDMA-treated rats did not remember the location of the platform, but this memory impairment was also prevented by the MEM pre-treatment. Moreover, MEM alone improved the learning task. No differences were observed between the different groups as regards swim speed. In conclusion, MEM significantly improved the learning and memory impairment induced by MDMA and constitutes the first approach to the treatment of the long-term cognitive deficits found in ecstasy users.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jcamarasa@ub.edu <jcamarasa@ub.edu>
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Camarasa
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marimón
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escubedo
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pubill
mesh_terms: D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D015104:3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine; D008559:Memantine