title: Public reporting of antibiotic timing in patients with pneumonia: lessons from a flawed performance measure.
abstract: The administration of antibiotics within 4 hours to patients with community-acquired pneumonia has been criticized as a quality standard because it pressures clinicians to rapidly administer antibiotics despite diagnostic uncertainty at the time of patients' initial presentations. The measure was recently revised (to 6 hours) in response to this criticism. On the basis of the experience with the 4-hour rule, the authors make 5 recommendations for the development of future publicly reported quality measures. First, results from samples with known diagnoses should be extrapolated cautiously, if at all, to patients without a diagnosis. Second, for some measures, "bands" of performance may make more sense than "all-or-nothing" expectations. Third, representative end users of quality measures should participate in measure development. Fourth, quality measurement and reporting programs should build in mechanisms to reassess measures over time. Finally, biases, both financial and intellectual, that may influence quality measure development should be minimized. These steps will increase the probability that future quality measures will improve care without creating negative unintended consequences.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0120, USA. bobw@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Wachter
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pronovost
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011634:Public Health / Q000592:standards*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents