title: Prevalence and risk factors for delayed adrenal insufficiency after liver transplantation.
abstract: Liver transplantation (LT) recipients are at risk for early and delayed adrenal insufficiency for multiple reasons. Although early adrenal insufficiency is known to occur in a high proportion of recipients maintained on steroid-free immunosuppressive regimens, the prevalence and risk factors associated with delayed functional adrenal gland atrophy (FAGA) are unknown because routine evaluation for this condition is not standard practice among LT centers. We investigated a group of 87 patients (64 males) transplanted for end-stage liver disease related to different etiologies. All underwent a standard corticotropin stimulation test (CST) when, after gradual steroid tapering, they had been maintained for at least 1 week on oral prednisone at a daily dose of 5 mg. FAGA, defined by a serum cortisol concentration that, 60 minutes after corticotropin administration, did not double the baseline level and remained <20 mug/dL, was diagnosed in 23/87 patients (26.4%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis selected as significant predictors of FAGA the cumulative dosage of corticosteroids administered (P < 0.01), the increase in the body mass index after LT (P < 0.01), a low serum cholesterol concentration (P = 0.005), and a high adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) serum level (P < 0.05) at the time CST was performed. In conclusion, FAGA is a common condition among LT recipients who are maintained on prolonged corticosteroid immunosuppressive treatment. Factors associated with FAGA include the cumulative steroid dose, weight changes after LT, and ACTH and cholesterol levels at the time of steroid withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Medical Liver Transplantation Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology and Medicine, University of Udine, Italy. pierluigi.toniutto@uniud.it
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toniutto
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fumolo
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bitetto
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fornasiere
authors.forename: Edmondo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falleti
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rapetti
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Minisini
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirisi
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019703:Calcineurin