title: Dendritic cell vaccination with xenogenic polypeptide hormone induces tumor rejection in neuroendocrine cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No relevant breakthrough has yet been achieved in the identification of tumor antigens in many neuroendocrine cancer types that exist, such as malignant gastrinoma, insulinoma, or medullary thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to proof the concept of dendritic cell immunization with a tumor cell-specific polypeptide hormone as a target molecule in a transgenic mouse model for medullary thyroid carcinoma (Ret/Cal mice).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ret/Cal mice were repeatedly immunized for up to 6 months with amino acid-modified (xenogenic) calcitonin-pulsed dendritic cells. Xenogenic calcitonin was chosen for immunization due to its higher immunogenicity as compared with murine calcitonin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymph nodes from control protein-immunized mice did not show any macroscopic abnormalities, whereas tumor peptide-treated mice revealed in general profoundly enlarged lymph nodes. In tetramer analysis of paratumorous lymph nodes, 1.9% to 3.1% of all infiltrating CD8(+) T cells were specific for one of three tumor epitopes tested. Analysis of the activated IFN-gamma-secreting component in splenic cells revealed an average of 2.8% tumor epitope-specific CD8(+) cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong CD8(+) tumor infiltration in calcitonin-vaccinated mice. In addition, these cells also showed strong in vitro lysis capacity at up to 63.3%. Most importantly, calcitonin-immunized mice revealed largely diminished tumor outgrowth (-74.3%) compared with control mice (P < 0.0001). Likewise, serum calcitonin levels in calcitonin-vaccinated Ret/Cal mice were lower than in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results have a major effect, as they are the first to establish a role for xenogenic polypeptide hormones as target molecules for immunotherapy in endocrine malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Cancer Center, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Rheumatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papewalis
authors.forename: Margret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wuttke
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seissler
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: Holger S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Willenberg
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schinner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baehring
authors.forename: Werner A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Scherbaum
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000628:therapy; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D007371:Interferon-gamma