title: Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric ghrelin expression and body weight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ghrelin is a peptide mainly produced by gastric tissue playing an important role in energy homeostasis. It has been suggested that inflammatory and atrophic events induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in gastric mucosa compromise the survival of the ghrelin-producing cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric ghrelin expression and body weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients referred for upper endoscopy were invited to participate. Patients with H. pylori infection (determined by histology) were defined as cases and patients without infection as controls. The density of colonization was classified in mild, moderate, or severe infection. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were quantified in gastric biopsies by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 189 cases (92 males, 97 females) and 94 controls (55 males, 39 females). Cases were older (48.16 +/- 16.44 vs. 42.88 +/- 17.04 years, p < 0.05) and exhibited a lower percentage of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells (2.13% vs. 10.43%, p < 0.05) than controls. The prevalence of obesity was significantly lower than normal-weight among all cases, independently of the severity of infection (mild infection, 17.6% vs. 47.3%, p = 0.001; moderate-severe infection, 10.4% vs. 50%, p = 0.001). Univariate analysis showed a non-significant trend suggesting a protective effect of H. pylori against obesity. Nevertheless, BMI did not differ significantly between cases and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic H. pylori infection contributes to a lower percentage of gastric ghrelin-immunoreactive cells but has no effect on the body weight of infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Research, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Méndez-Sánchez
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pichardo-Bahena
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vásquez-Fernández
authors.forename: Jezer I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lezama-Mora
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: León-Canales
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barredo-Prieto
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Avila
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponciano-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Misael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin