title: FGFR3 mutations indicate better survival in invasive upper urinary tract and bladder tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Promoter hypermethylation and microsatellite instability are frequent in tumours of the upper urinary tract (UTT) and infrequent in bladder tumours. FGFR3 mutations are common findings in bladder tumours and are associated with a good prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the occurrence of FGFR3 mutations in UTT and determine the prognostic effect of these genetic changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue from the initial tumour was obtained from 280 patients (117 bladder tumours and 163 UTT). Patients were selected from pathologic archives to represent the disease spectrum of UCC throughout the urinary tract. Following UCC excision, patients underwent surveillance for a median of 56 mo (range 1-216 mo) or until death.
  
  
  METHODS
  FGFR3 mutation analysis was successfully performed on 252 of the 280 primary tumours using the SNaPshot method. Two-tailed statistical analyses were done using the chi(2), Fisher exact tests, and log rank tests. Cox proportional hazard ratios were estimated to obtain risks of recurrence, progression, and death, and to find independent prognostic factors in a multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGFR3 mutations occurred with the same frequency in bladder and upper tract tumours. Mutations were associated with low-stage tumours and a milder disease course in bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis tumours. Strikingly, our data suggest that these mutations indicate a better survival in patients with invasive tumours from the bladder and upper urinary tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGFR3 mutation status might be used to select patients with invasive UCC who have a lower risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Oers
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Zwarthoff
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Abdel-Rahmene
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Azzouzi
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meuth
authors.forename: Freddie C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.forename: James W F
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Catto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C496365:FGFR3 protein, human; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3