title: Evolution of the Ly49 and Nkrp1 recognition systems.
abstract: The Ly49 and Nkrp1 loci encode structurally and functionally related cell surface proteins that positively or negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Yet despite their clear relatedness and genetic linkage within the NK gene complex (NKC), these two multi-gene families have adopted dissimilar evolutionary strategies. The Ly49 genes are extremely polymorphic and evolutionarily dynamic, with distinct gene numbers, remarkable allelic diversity, and varying MHC-I-ligand specificities and affinities among different murine haplotypes. In contrast, the Nkrp1 genes have opted for overall conservation of genomic organization, sequences, and ligand specificities, with only limited and focused allelic polymorphism. Possible selection pressures driving such varied evolution of the two gene families may include disequilibrium from ligand co-inheritance, pathogen immunoevasin strategies, flexibility in host counter-evolution mechanisms, and the prevalence and dynamics of inherent repetitive elements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Toronto & Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue (S-236), Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada. james.carlyle@sri.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Carlyle
authors.forename: Aruz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mesci
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bélanger
authors.forename: Lee-Hwa
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Makrigiannis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D055650:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A / Q000235:genetics*; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D055650:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B