title: Safety and efficacy of growth hormone treatment in small for gestational age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 100,000 infants are born small for gestational age (birth weight <2 standard deviation) annually in the US alone. Because of catch-up growth, 10-20% of all children born small for gestational age will be eligible for growth hormone therapy. Growth hormone has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2003 and by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products though at different enrollment and treatment criteria. Benefits and risks of growth hormone therapy for small for gestational age children are the purpose of the present review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean height increased by as much as two standard deviation over 3 years of treatment in infants born small for gestational age. Rapid catch-up growth is desirable and will only be achieved with higher growth hormone doses (0.48 mg/kg/week) Treatment should be continuous and not interrupted. The safety profile of growth hormone treatment is excellent. Transient elevation of insulin levels returned to near normal after growth hormone treatment was discontinued.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth hormone treatment in small for gestational age children has been found to be well tolerated and is an important advance in the treatment of short stature in pediatrics. Treatment of short prematurely born infants with growth hormone may offer similar efficacy and safety as growth hormone treatment in small for gestational age infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poduval
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saenger
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000254:growth & development*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone