title: Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease associated with membranous features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Very few cases of non-organized and non-Randall-type monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) associated with membranous features have been reported. Information on clinicopathological features and prognosis in this entity is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 5443 renal biopsies processed at our department, and identified three patients with MIDD associated with membranous features. We evaluated clinicopathological features and outcomes in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had proteinuria, and one patient developed nephrotic syndrome. Renal insufficiency was not observed. Cryoglobulin or monoclonal protein in serum and urine was not detected. A renal biopsy showed thickening of the glomerular capillary walls and spike formation. Tubulointerstitial and vascular alterations were mild or absent. Immunofluorescence studies revealed granular IgG3-kappa deposits in two patients and IgG1-kappa deposits in one patient, along the glomerular capillary walls. Immunofluorescence studies using antibodies specific for gamma-heavy chain Fab containing C(H)1 domain, C(H)2 domain and C(H)3 domain did not show any apparent deletion. On confocal microscopy, glomerular colocalization of light and heavy chains was observed. Electron microscopy showed predominant subepithelial granular deposits without distinct ultrastructural organization. All patients were treated with steroids, and good effects were observed. A follow-up renal biopsy performed in one patient showed histological improvements. No patient developed myeloma or other haematological malignancy during the course of follow-up (mean 44 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIDD associated with membranous features is an extremely rare but distinctive entity. Our study suggests glomerular deposition of a nondeleted whole immunoglobulin molecule. Patients with this entity appear to respond well to steroid therapy.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita City, Akita 010-8543, Japan. komatsud@med.akita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komatsuda
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakui
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism*; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G