title: In vitro evaluation of proniosomes as a drug carrier for flurbiprofen.
abstract: The purpose of the present investigation is to formulate and evaluate proniosomal transdermal carrier systems for flurbiprofen. Proniosomes were prepared using various non-ionic surfactants, namely span 20 (Sp 20), span 40 (Sp 40), span 60 (Sp 60) and span 80 (Sp 80) without and with cholesterol at percentages ranging from 0% to 50%. The effect of surfactant type and cholesterol content on drug release was investigated. Drug release was tested by diffusion through cellophane membrane and rabbit skin. Drug release from the prepared systems was compared to that from flurbiprofen suspensions in distilled water and HPMC (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) gels. In case of Sp 20 and Sp 80, the added amount of cholesterol affected the preparation type to be either proniosomal alcoholic solutions or liquid crystalline gel systems. On the other hand, both Sp 40 and Sp 60 produced gel systems in presence or absence of cholesterol. Microscopic observations showed that either proniosomal solutions or gel formulations immediately converted to niosomal dispersions upon hydration. Due to the skin permeation barrier, rabbit skin showed lower drug diffusion rates compared to cellophane membrane. The proniosomal composition controlled drug diffusion rates to be either faster or slower than the prepared flurbiprofen suspensions in HPMC gels or distilled water, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the possibility of using proniosomal formulations for transdermal drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. mahmoktar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahmoud Mokhtar Ahmed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Omaima A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Sammour
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Nagia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Megrab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; D011355:Prodrugs; D005480:Flurbiprofen