title: "To B or not to B?" B-cells and graft rejection.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that various maturational stages of B-cells infiltrate various solid organ transplants undergoing acute rejection. The presence of immature CD20 and mature CD138 plasma cells associate with more aggressive and steroid-recalcitrant graft rejection and portend poor graft outcomes. Though associative, the causal role of B-cells in graft rejection remains to be better understood. This review discusses the possible roles of B-cells in graft rejection, whether involved as antigen presenting, as indirect effector, or antibody producing cells.
authors.forename: Valeriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zarkhin
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Minnie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarwal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000502:physiology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D014181:Transplantation Immunology