title: Nonpharmacological treatment and relief of symptoms in COPD.
abstract: Evidence-based guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have recently been developed. Nonpharmacological treatments have evolved rapidly as an essential part of COPD therapy. They are especially important as complementary interventions in severe or very severe disease, when there is loss in function, a reduction in quality of life and when psychological impairments further complicate the disease. The present article discusses the most used nonpharmacological treatments for severe COPD patients (rehabilitation, long-term oxygen therapy, surgery, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and supportive nutrition) and their evidence-based usefulness in promoting strategies that relieve symptoms. All of these interventions are used during end-stage disease, to promote self-efficacy, relieve symptoms and prevent further deterioration. These therapeutic options support physicians and allied professionals in improving symptom management for their patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Oncology, Haematology and Pneumology, University of Modena-Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Clini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010166:Palliative Care; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016540:Smoking Cessation