title: Long-term clinical and surrogate marker effects of subcutaneous intermittent interleukin-2 without antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subcutaneous administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to increase CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients. It remains unclear whether this effect is associated with a clinical benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a long-term follow-up in the cohort of the UK-Vanguard study in which three groups of 12 antiretroviral-naive subjects with CD4 cell counts >350 cells/mm(3) received no treatment or IL-2 at either 4.5 or 7.5 MIU twice daily in 5 day cycles, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 376 weeks. IL-2 therapy was associated with a higher area under the curve of CD4 cell count change from baseline at week 48 but not thereafter. HIV-RNA levels were unaffected. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated after a mean of 172, 175 and 152 weeks in the control group, low-dose and high-dose IL-2 treatment group, respectively, a statistically non-significant difference. There was a tendency to start HAART soon after discontinuation of IL-2 therapy which may have been triggered by the steep decay of CD4 counts. There were two serious adverse events in the control group, seven in the low-dose IL-2 group and eight in the high-dose IL-2 group. No pattern of disease was detected, making an association with IL-2 therapy unlikely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could detect neither a benefit of IL-2 therapy after week 48 nor delayed initiation of HAART. This is currently the longest follow-up data comparing IL-2 therapy with no therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients and does not show a persistent benefit of the intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Vivantes Auguste Viktoria Klinikum, Rubensstr. 125, 12159 Berlin, Germany. christian.herzmann@web.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herzmann
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fosdick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wand
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janossy
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Youle
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012367:RNA, Viral