title: Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether or not "low dose" metformin could prevent weight gain induced by pioglitazone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes received 500-750 mg metformin a day for 12 weeks as an observation period before the start of the intervention. After an observation period, inadequately controlled patients (hemoglobin A1c >or=7.5%, n=34) received additional treatment with 15 mg pioglitazone (+P, M+P group). The other patients (n= 35) continued metformin monotherapy (Met group). In addition, another group consisting of 28 patients treated with 15 mg pioglitazone alone (Pio group) was observed. Body mass index (BMI), as well as several clinical parameters of glycemic control and lipid metabolism, was compared before and after 24 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMI increased significantly in the Pio group [24.0+/-3.8 vs. 24.8+/-4.3 kg/m(2), (mean +/- SD), p<0.001], but not in the M+P group (25.1+/-3.5 vs. 25.3+/-3.4 kg/m(2), NS) and Met group (24.0+/-3.3 vs. 24.0+/-3.5 kg/m(2), NS). In addition to improvement in glycemic control, a significant reduction in the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), defined as log [TG x0.0112/HDL-C x0.02586], was observed in the Pio group (0.06+/-0.23 vs. -0.04+/-0.27, p<0.05) and M+P group (0.08+/-0.24 vs. -0.001+/-0.252, p<0.01), but not in the Met group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates potential benefits of the addition of pioglitazone to "low dose" metformin in terms of improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism without weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. tkawai@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Funae
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Mitsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007564:Japan; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human