title: Evaluating clinical decision support systems: monitoring CPOE order check override rates in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Computerized Patient Record System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure critical order check override rates in VA Puget Sound Health Care System's computerized practitioner order entry (CPOE) system and to compare 2006 results to a similar 2001 study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of ordering and order check data gathered by a post-hoc logging program. Use of Pearson's chi-square contingency table test comparing results from this study and the earlier study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factors measured were total number of orders, frequency of order check types, frequency of order check overrides by order check type and comparisons of these results with previous results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37,040 orders generated 908 (2.5%) critical order checks. Drug-drug critical alert override rate was 74/85 (87%) in 2006 compared to 95/108 (88%) in 2001 (X ( 2 )=0.04, df=1, p=0.85). The drug-allergy override rate was 341/420 (81%) compared to 72/105 (69%) in 2001 (X ( 2 )=7.97, df=1, p=0.005). In 2001, 0.25% (105/42,621) orders generated a drug-allergy order check compared to 1.13% (420/37,040) in 2006 (X ( 2 )=238.45, df=1, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Override rates of critical drug-drug and drug-allergy order checks remain high at VA Puget Sound Health Care System including significant increases in drug-allergy order checks. We recommend that monitoring override rates be regular practice in clinical computing systems and conclude that qualitative research should be carried out to better understand how physicians interact with decision support at the point of ordering.
authors.affiliation: *Correspondence: Ching-Ping Lin, Biomedical and Health Informatics, Department of Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, Box 357240, 1959 NE Pacific Street, HSB I-264, Seattle, WA 98195-7240 (Email: ping@u.washington.edu).
authors.forename: Ching-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: W Paul
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hoey
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gennari
mesh_terms: D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050316:Medical Order Entry Systems; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014861:Washington