title: Learning drives differential clustering of axodendritic contacts in the barn owl auditory system.
abstract: Computational models predict that experience-driven clustering of coactive synapses is a mechanism for information storage. This prediction has remained untested, because it is difficult to approach through time-lapse analysis. Here, we exploit a unique feature of the barn owl auditory localization pathway that permits retrospective analysis of prelearned and postlearned circuitry: owls reared wearing prismatic spectacles develop an adaptive microcircuit that coexists with the native one but can be analyzed independently based on topographic location. To visualize the clustering of axodendritic contacts (potential synapses) within these zones, coactive axons were labeled by focal injection of fluorescent tracer and their target dendrites labeled with an antibody directed against CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II, alpha subunit). Using high-resolution confocal imaging, we measured the distance from each contact to its nearest neighbor on the same branch of dendrite. We found that the distribution of intercontact distances for the adaptive zone was shifted dramatically toward smaller values compared with distributions for either the maladaptive zone of the same animals or the adaptive zone of normal juveniles, which indicates that a dynamic clustering of contacts had occurred. Moreover, clustering in the normal zone was greater in normal juveniles than in prism-adapted owls, indicative of declustering. These data demonstrate that clustering is bidirectionally adjustable and tuned by behaviorally relevant experience. The microanatomical configurations in all zones of both experimental groups matched the functional circuit strengths that were assessed by in vivo electrophysiological mapping. Thus, the observed changes in clustering are appropriately positioned to contribute to the adaptive strengthening and weakening of auditory-driven responses.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95618, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Contreras
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Debello
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007245:Inferior Colliculi / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology; D020305:Strigiformes / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2