title: Mortality in a cohort with high fish consumption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to assess the mortality of fishermen and fishermen's wives in Finland, presuming that the mortality reflects their high consumption of contaminated fish.
  
  
  METHODS
  All Finnish fishermen, registered since 1980, were identified from the Professional Fishermen Register (N = 6410), and the fishermen's wives from the national population register (N = 4260). The cohorts were individually linked with cause-of-death data until 2005 at Statistics Finland. The follow-up started in the year after the first registration as a fisherman and at marriage (if later) for the wives. The standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on the national mortality rates. In addition, blood samples and food frequency questionnaire data were collected from a volunteer sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average fish consumption and serum concentrations of fish-derived fatty acids and environmental contaminants were higher among the fishermen and their wives than among the general population from the same region. The fishermen and their wives had lower mortality from all causes (SMR 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.82, and 0.84, 0.76-0.93, respectively), and ischaemic heart diseases (0.73, 0.65-0.81, and 0.65, 0.50-0.83) than the general population. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms was decreased among the fishermen (0.67, 0.52-0.85, and 0.90, 0.80-1.01), but not among the wives. In addition, the fishermen's mortality from water transport accidents was extremely high (8.31, 5.65-11.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fishermen and their wives had lower mortality from many natural causes. The high intakes of environmental contaminants in fish were not seen as excess mortality.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Department of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland. anu.turunen@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Anu W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Turunen
authors.forename: Pia K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Verkasalo
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiviranta
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jula
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Männistö
authors.forename: Riina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marniemi
authors.forename: Terttu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004147:Dioxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004350:Drug Residues; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000633:toxicity; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D009790:Occupations; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D018454:Spouses
chemical_list: D004147:Dioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D008628:Mercury