title: Estimated creatinine clearance: a determinant prognostic factor in heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with heart failure and overt kidney failure (KF) have poor prognosis. Even mild degrees of kidney dysfunction might have prognostic value. The aim was to assess whether creatinine clearance values estimated with Cockroft formula correlated with survival at 2 years of follow-up in an outpatient heart failure unit population.
  
  
  METHODS
  423 patients (72% men), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 65.5 (11) years, were studied. Etiology of heart failure was mainly ischemic heart disease (59.6%). Mean left ventricle ejection fraction was 32.3% (13.3%). Patients were grouped according to stages of chronic kidney disease: $ 90 ml/min; 89-60 ml/min; 59-30 ml/min; 29-15 ml/min, and < 15 ml/min or on dialysis. KF was defined as creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of KF was 52%. Mortality at 2 years was 3.2% in patients with creatinine clearance >or= 90 ml/min; 13.7% between 89-60 ml/min; 23.7% between 59-30 ml/min; 51% between 29-15 ml/min and 80% in patients with creatinine clearance < 15 ml/min or on dialysis (p < 0.001). Mortality was 30.4% in patients with KF and 10.3% in those without it (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatinine clearance values estimated by Cockroft formula had a highly predictive prognostic value in patients with heart failure. Even mild degrees of kidney function impairment showed higher mortality than normal kidney function values.
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lupón
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: Crisanto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díez
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altimir
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine