title: Office-based treatment in opioid dependence: a critical survey of prescription practices for opioid maintenance medications and concomitant benzodiazepines in Vienna, Austria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success of maintenance treatment for opioid dependence in office-based settings is influenced by the extent of treatment coverage, the availability of effective medications and the capacity of general practitioners to prescribe opioids in adequate doses with a minimum of concomitant benzodiazepine prescriptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compares prescriptions for opioid maintenance and concomitant benzodiazepine from Viennese physicians in 2002 and 2005 using health insurance prescription records (n = 30,309).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2002 and 2005, the number of patients prescribed opioids more than doubled (ratio 1:2.3), slow-release oral morphine replaced methadone as the most frequently prescribed medication (57.1 vs. 23.4%; buprenorphine 19.5%), and the ratio of benzodiazepine to opioid prescriptions significantly declined (0.76:1 vs. 0.42:1). Many patients were prescribed concomitant benzodiazepines (27%), in some cases from a secondary physician.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased utilization of opioid medications in office-based settings will facilitate better treatment coverage. However, safeguards are necessary to ensure that general practitioners have sufficient training and support to safely and appropriately provide treatment, including the reduction in concomitant benzodiazepine use.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Crispa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aeschbach Jachmann
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jagsch
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winklbaur
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matzenauer
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D006801:Humans; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000523:psychology; D010824:Physicians' Offices / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001569:Benzodiazepines