title: Pharmacologic inhibition of site 1 protease activity inhibits sterol regulatory element-binding protein processing and reduces lipogenic enzyme gene expression and lipid synthesis in cultured cells and experimental animals.
abstract: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are major transcriptional regulators of cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism. Genetic disruption of SREBP activity reduces plasma and liver levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, suggesting that SREBP is a viable target for pharmacological intervention. The proprotein convertase SREBP site 1 protease (S1P) is an important posttranscriptional regulator of SREBP activation. This report demonstrates that 10 microM PF-429242 (Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17:4411-4414, 2007), a recently described reversible, competitive aminopyrrolidineamide inhibitor of S1P, inhibits endogenous SREBP processing in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The same compound also down-regulates the signal from an SRE-luciferase reporter gene in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and the expression of endogenous SREBP target genes in cultured HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cells, PF-429242 inhibited cholesterol synthesis, with an IC(50) of 0.5 microM. In mice treated with PF-429242 for 24 h, the expression of hepatic SREBP target genes was suppressed, and the hepatic rates of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis were reduced. Taken together, these data establish that small-molecule S1P inhibitors are capable of reducing cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in vivo and, therefore, represent a potential new class of therapeutic agents for dyslipidemia and for a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton/New London Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. julie.l.hawkins@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Laurie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Petras
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Ing-Kae
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Subashi
authors.forename: Lorraine D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Shelly
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Landschulz
authors.forename: Kieran F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Geoghegan
authors.forename: H James
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Harwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C115575:membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1