title: TL1A (TNFSF15) regulates the development of chronic colitis by modulating both T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  TL1A is a tumor necrosis factor-like molecule that mediates a strong costimulation of T-helper (T(H)) 1 cells. Expression of TL1A is increased in the mucosa of Crohn's disease patients and murine models of ileitis. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of TL1A in chronic intestinal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis to investigate the effects of TL1A on the development of colitis. The cytokine profile in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) was measured. Neutralizing anti-TL1A antibodies were injected intraperitoneally into DSS-induced chronic colitis and G protein alphai2(-/-) T-cell transfer colitis models. Severity of colitis was evaluated by body weight, colon length, histology, and cytokine production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSS-induced chronic colitis was characterized by the infiltration of CD4(+) T cells. TL1A, death receptor 3, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-17 were increased significantly in GALT of DSS-treated mice. TL1A up-regulated both IFN-gamma production from T(H)1 cells and IL-17 production from T(H)17 cells in GALT CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, IFN-gamma and IL-17 production from CD4(+) T cells, induced by IL-12 and IL-23 respectively, was enhanced synergistically by combination with TL1A. Anti-TL1A antibody prevented chronic colitis and attenuated established colitis by down-regulation of both T(H)1 and T(H)17 activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reveal that TL1A is an important modulator in the development of chronic mucosal inflammation by enhancing T(H)1 and T(H)17 effector functions. The central role of TL1A represents an attractive, novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Crohn's disease patients.
authors.affiliation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takedatsu
authors.forename: Kathrin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.forename: Lisa S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dhall
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Stephan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Targan
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25 / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D020381:Interleukin-17; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D053219:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 25; C506034:Tnfrsf25 protein, mouse; C505947:Tnfsf15 protein, mouse; D053380:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15; C528688:interleukin-23 receptor, mouse; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2; C498016:Gnai2 protein, mouse