title: Multiple roles of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C isozymes.
abstract: Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C is an effector molecule in the signal transduction process. It generates two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Currently, thirteen mammal PLC isozymes have been identified, and they are divided into six groups: PLC-beta, -gamma, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta and -eta. Sequence analysis studies demonstrated that each isozyme has more than one alternative splicing variant. PLC isozymes contain the X and Y domains that are responsible for catalytic activity. Several other domains including the PH domain, the C2 domain and EF hand motifs are involved in various biological functions of PLC isozymes as signaling proteins. The distribution of PLC isozymes is tissue and organ specific. Recent studies on isolated cells and knockout mice depleted of PLC isozymes have revealed their distinct phenotypes. Given the specificity in distribution and cellular localization, it is clear that each PLC isozyme bears a unique function in the modulation of physiological responses. In this review, we discuss the structural organization, enzymatic properties and molecular diversity of PLC splicing variants and study functional and physiological roles of each isozyme.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea. pgs@postech.ac.kr
authors.forename: Pann-Ghill
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jae-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manzoli
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.forename: Joanna C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peak
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katan
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Sanguk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D054801:Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C