title: Steatosis reversibly increases hepatocyte sensitivity to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Steatosis decreases survival of liver grafts after transplantation due to poorly understood mechanisms. We examined the effect of steatosis on the survival of liver grafts in a rat liver transplantation model and the viability of cultured rat hepatocytes after hypoxia and reoxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were fed a choline and methionine-deficient diet to induce hepatic steatosis, and the livers were transplanted into recipient rats after 6 h of cold storage. Cultured hepatocytes were made steatotic by incubation for 3 d in fatty acid-supplemented medium. Hypoxia and reoxygenation were induced by placing the cultures in a 90% N(2)/10% CO(2) atmosphere for 4 h, followed by return to normoxic conditions for 6 h. Hepatocyte viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release and mitochondrial potential staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplanted steatotic livers exhibited 0% viability compared with 90% for lean liver controls. When donor choline and methionine-deficient diet rats were returned to a normal diet, hepatic fat content decreased while viability of the grafts after transplantation increased. Cultured steatotic hepatocytes generated more mitochondrial superoxide, exhibited a lowered mitochondrial membrane potential, and released significantly more lactate dehydrogenase after hypoxia and reoxygenation than lean hepatocyte controls. When steatotic hepatocytes were defatted by incubating in fatty acid-free medium, they became less sensitive to hypoxia and reoxygenation as the remaining intracellular triglyceride content decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatic steatosis reversibly decreases viability of hepatocytes after hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. The decreased viability of steatotic livers after transplantation may be due to a direct effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on hepatocytes, and can be reversed by defatting.
authors.affiliation: Center for Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and the Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. fberthiaume@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiaume
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbe
authors.forename: Yasuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mokuno
authors.forename: Annette D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yarmush
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides