title: Mechanisms of survival prolongation of murine cardiac allografts using the treatment of CTLA4-Ig and MR1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  [corrected] The present study was undertaken to determine the role of costimulatory blockade in a murine cardiac transplant model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We blocked the CD28/B7 and CD154/CD40 costimulatory pathways by transient administration of CTLA4-Ig and MR1 antibody to study the effects on allograft survival time, deviation of Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion, and other mechanisms related to prolonged survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Costimulatory blockade prolonged the mean survival time (MST) of cardiac allografts to 43 days for the treated group vs 8 days for the untreated group (P < .01). The costimulatory blockade down-regulated the expression of 2 Th1 cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] and interleukin-2 [IL-2]) and 2 Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), reduced the numbers of graft-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and inhibited the expression of both perforin/GrB and FasL in allografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined administration of CTLA4-Ig/MR1 inhibited acute rejection reactions in murine cardiac allografts, prolonging the survival of cardiac grafts through several mechanisms, including inhibition of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, graft infiltration by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and reduced both perforin/GrB and Fas-FasL.
authors.affiliation: Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Z Y
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; C490628:Mr1 protein, mouse; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000069594:Abatacept