title: Adjunctive anakinra in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate, or leflunomide, or cyclosporin-A monotherapy: a 48-week, comparative, prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of anakinra (ANK) as an add-on therapy in RA patients with inadequate response to monotherapy with non-biological DMARDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48-week comparative, prospective study of patients with active RA [mean 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28): 6.81], despite MTX (n = 48), or LEF (n = 42), or CSA (n = 38) treatment, in whom ANK (100 mg/daily SC) was given with corticosteroid cream topical application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 and 48 weeks the patient percentages meeting the ACR20 response criteria were 57 and 73%, respectively, 33 and 41% met ACR50, while 15 and 23% met ACR70. Significant improvements in number of swollen and tender joints, HAQ, pain, global disease assessment, CRP and haemoglobin from baseline to 24 and 48 weeks were evident. DAS28 decreased at 24 weeks (- 1.68; 95% CI - 1.46, - 1.90; P < 0.0001), as well as at study end (- 2.24; 95% CI - 2.01, - 2.47; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly weaker response in terms of pain and DAS28 in patients treated with concomitant CSA. The most common ANK-related adverse event was injection-site reaction (29%), being less frequent in male patients, as well as in patients treated with CSA. There were 17 withdrawals, 6 of them due to inefficacy. No opportunistic infections or new safety signals were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the limitations of an open-label study, addition of ANK appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for many RA patients with inadequate responses to non-biologic DMARDs in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Propedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece. gkaranikgr@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karanikolas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Charalambopoulos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaiopoulos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrianakos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rapti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karras
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaskani
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sfikakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077339:Leflunomide; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007555:Isoxazoles; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000077339:Leflunomide; D008727:Methotrexate