title: Decreased lithium disposition to cerebrospinal fluid in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The lithium disposition to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in rats with acute renal failure (ARF) to examine whether electrolyte homeostasis of the CSF is perturbed by kidney dysfunction. In addition, the effects of renal failure on choroid plexial expressions of the Na+-K+-2Cl- co-transporter (NKCC1) and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) were also studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  After lithium was intravenously administered at a dose of 4 mmol/kg, its concentration profile in plasma was evaluated by collecting plasma specimens, while that in CSF was monitored with a microdialysis probe in the lateral ventricles. NKCC1 and NHE1 expressions were measured via the Western immunoblot method using membrane specimens prepared from the choroid plexus in normal and ARF rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lithium concentration in CSF of ARF rats was 30% lower than that of normal rats, while their plasma lithium profiles were almost the same, indicating that the lithium disposition to CSF was decreased in ARF rats. It was revealed that the choroid plexial expression of NKCC1 was increased by 40% in ARF rats, but that of NHE1 was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARF decreases the lithium disposition to CSF, possibly by promoting lithium efflux from CSF due to increased NKCC1 expression in the choroid plexus.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakae
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niso
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005990:Glycerol; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: C578879:Slc12a2 protein, rat; C452850:Slc9a1 protein, rat; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D005990:Glycerol