title: Social networks and social control of probationers with co-occurring mental and substance abuse problems.
abstract: Probationers with co-occurring mental and substance abuse problems (PCPs) are both subject to considerable social control, and at high risk of probation failure. In this study, we screened 601 probationers for symptoms, interviewed 82 identified PCPs about their relationships, and then followed these PCPs for eight months to record treatment nonadherence and other probation violations. First, PCPs' social networks were small, heavily comprised of professionals and opposing forces who engaged in risky behavior, and saturated with pressure to adhere to treatment. Second, the size and composition of PCPs' social networks were more relevant to rule compliance than social support and undermining. Third, the quality of PCPs' relationships was key: satisfying relationships with clinicians and, to a lesser extent, officers and the core network related to low perceived coercion, high treatment adherence, and low risk of future violations. In particular, having a likable clinician who engaged in participatory decision-making reduced the risk of violations. Implications for contextually sensitive risk reduction efforts are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Psychology & Social Behavior, 3311 Social Ecology II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, USA. skeem@uci.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skeem
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eno Louden
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manchak
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D015897:Comorbidity; D003416:Criminal Law; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders