title: Evidence-based recommendations regarding the differential diagnosis and assessment of nasal congestion: using the new GRADE system.
abstract: Nasal congestion is an important symptom in nasal pathology and can be defined as an objective restriction of nasal cavity airflow because of mucosal pathology and/or increased mucus secretion (excluding anatomical variants). Using the new Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, evidence-based recommendations are made that will encompass different clinical questions regarding diagnostic modalities of nasal congestion: (i) their usefulness in assessment of presence and severity of congestion; (ii) their usefulness in assessment of etiological pathology responsible for congestion; and (iii) their usefulness in follow up and treatment effectiveness evaluation of nasal congestion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Spronsen
authors.forename: K J A O
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ingels
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Graamans
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D010808:Physical Examination; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide