Interface hepatitis is associated with a high incidence of late graft fibrosis in a group of tightly monitored pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation patients.
Chronic graft dysfunction, manifesting with elevated liver enzymes and histological features of interface hepatitis (IH), is being increasingly recognized as a long-term problem after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to characterize our group of post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients with respect to clinical, laboratory, and histological signs of IH. A retrospective study of charts and liver biopsy specimens from patients transplanted between 1986 and 1999 was used. Histological features of IH were found in 29/119 patients at a median interval of 23.9 months (95% confidence interval -28.2 to 52.6) after OLT. All patients with IH had risk factors for chronic rejection, such as steroid-resistant rejection, acute rejection later than 3 months post-OLT, female receiver of male graft, or pretransplant cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive serology with a CMV-negative donor liver. None of the 29 had features favoring a diagnosis of de novo autoimmune hepatitis, but 4 had isolated hypergammaglobulinemia, and 4 had non-organ-specific autoantibodies without hyperimmunoglobulin G. Sixteen of 29 patients also had features of chronic rejection, such as foam cell arteriopathy, loss of bile ducts, or pericentral fibrosis. After abnormal biopsy, all but 1 patient were switched to tacrolimus. During a median follow-up of 12 years, death occurred in 5, retransplantation occurred in 7, and definite cirrhosis occurred in 4. In conclusion, IH was detected in 24.4% of our patients and was associated with a high degree of fibrosis development. Most likely, IH represents a form of chronic rejection directed against periportal hepatocytes.
Herzog
Denise
D
Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Hôpital St-Luc, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. denise.herzog@umontreal.ca
Soglio
Dorothée Bouron-Dal
DB
Fournet
Jean-Christophe
JC
Martin
Steven
S
Marleau
Denis
D
Alvarez
Fernando
F
D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001323:Autoantibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G