title: Motor cortex stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: 12-month follow-up in 4 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the initial 1991 report by Tsubokawa et al., stimulation of the M1 region of cortex has been used to treat chronic pain conditions and a variety of movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search of the literature published between 1991 and the beginning of 2007 revealed 459 cases in which motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was used. Of these, 72 were related to a movement disorder. More recently, up to 16 patients specifically with Parkinson disease were treated with MCS, and a variety of results were reported. In this report the authors describe 4 patients who were treated with extradural MCS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although there were benefits seen within the first 6 months in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III scores (decreased by 60%), tremor was only modestly managed with MCS in this group, and most benefits seen initially were lost by the end of 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there have been some positive findings using MCS for Parkinson disease, a larger study may be needed to better determine if it should be pursued as an alternative surgical treatment to DBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805, USA. jeffrey.arle@lahey.org
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Arle
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Apetauerova
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zani
authors.forename: D Vedran
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Deletis
authors.forename: Dana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Penney
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoit
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Shils
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome