title: Outcomes following coronary stenting in the era of bare-metal vs the era of drug-eluting stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis rates relative to bare-metal stents, concerns have been raised that drug-eluting stents may also be associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis. Our study focused on the effect of stent type on population-based interventional outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare outcomes of Medicare beneficiaries who underwent nonemergent coronary stenting before and after the availability of drug-eluting stents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of 38,917 Medicare patients who underwent nonemergent coronary stenting from October 2002 through March 2003 when only bare-metal stents were available (bare-metal stent era cohort) and 28,086 similar patients who underwent coronary stenting from September through December 2003, when 61.5% of patients received a drug-eluting stent and 38.5% received a bare-metal stent (drug-eluting stent era cohort). Follow-up data were available through December 31, 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass surgery), ST-elevation myocardial infarction, survival through 2 years of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to the bare-metal stent era, patients treated in the drug-eluting stent era had lower 2-year risks for repeat percutaneous coronary interventions (17.1% vs 20.0%, P < .001) and coronary artery bypass surgery (2.7% vs 4.2%, P < .01). The difference in need for repeat revascularization procedures between these 2 eras remained significant after risk adjustment (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.85). There was no difference in unadjusted mortality risks at 2 years (8.4% vs 8.4%, P =.98 ), but a small decrease in ST-elevation myocardial infarction existed (2.4% vs 2.0%, P < .001). The adjusted hazard of death or ST-elevation myocardial infarction at 2 years was similar (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The widespread adoption of drug-eluting stents into routine practice was associated with a decline in the need for repeat revascularization procedures and had similar 2-year risks for death or ST-elevation myocardial infarction to bare-metal stents.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. david.malenka@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Malenka
authors.forename: Aaron V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: F Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States