title: Bacterial infection of endometrial stromal cells influences bovine herpesvirus 4 immediate early gene activation: a new insight into bacterial and viral interaction for uterine disease.
abstract: Experimental infection with the gamma-herpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) rarely establishes disease, yet BoHV-4 is commonly associated with uterine disease in cattle. Uterine disease involves co-infection with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which stimulate the production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by endometrial cells. BoHV-4 replication depends on immediate early 2 (IE2) gene transactivation and, in the present study, PGE(2), E. coli or its lipopolysaccharide upregulated the IE2 gene promoter in uterine cells. Bacterial co-infection is important for BoHV-4 uterine disease.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Salute Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Parma, Sezione di Malattie Infettive degli Animali, via del Taglio 8, 43100 Parma, Italy. gaetano.donofrio@unipr.it
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donofrio
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ravanetti
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavirani
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herath
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capocefalo
authors.forename: Iain Martin
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Sheldon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004716:Endometritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics*; D026021:Herpesvirus 4, Bovine / Q000235:genetics*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D014599:Uterus
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015232:Dinoprostone