title: Effect of different surface treatments on the repair bond strength of indirect composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the tensile bond strength of indirect composites repaired with different surface treatments and direct composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  180 specimens were prepared with Targis, belleGlass HP and Sculpture indirect composites, light-activated and post-cured according to the manufacturers' recommendations. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. The bonding surfaces were prepared with air abrasion, hydrofluoric acid or hydrofluoric acid followed by a neutralizing solution. All the treated surfaces were subject to the application of a silane and a bonding agent before the repair procedures with Tetric Ceram and Tetric Flow for the Targis specimens, Herculite XRV and Revolution for the belleGlass HP specimens and Sculp-It and Flow-It for Sculpture specimens. The tensile bond strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine at cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/minute. The type of fracture was observed under a light microscope at x40 magnification. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Targis showed a statistically higher repair bond strength than belleGlass HP and Sculpture, which were not significantly different from each other. Air abrasion increased the repair bond strength of belleGlass HP and Sculpture. For Targis, all the surface treatments resulted in similar repair bond strength. The different viscosity of repair composites did not affect the repair of indirect composites. Fractured surfaces showed mostly adhesive failures, mainly with hydrofluoric acid treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. evesouza@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Evelise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Francischone
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Rodrigo N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rached
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012823:Silicate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C102735:Revolution (composite resin); D012821:Silanes; C121818:Tetric ceram; C110370:belleGlass; C111282:dental polyglass; C111840:flowable hybrid composite; C452226:tetric flow composite resin; D014867:Water; C065770:Herculite XR; D012823:Silicate Cement; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid