title: Invited article: surgical management of Moyamoya disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various types of revascularization surgery have been performed for moyamoya disease, and there have been controversies about the surgical procedures. In this report, we introduce our surgical strategy of moyamoya disease and discuss the various surgical procedure options.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects consisted of 13 consecutive patients (8 children, 5 adults) with moyamoya disease who were surgically treated between 2004 and 2007. The onset symptoms were ischemia (11 patients), hemorrhage (1 patient), or headache (1 patient). We performed modified standard encephalo-duro-arterial-synangiosis on 16 sides in the 8 children and superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery anastomosis with encephalo-duro-myo-synangiosis combining direct and indirect bypasses on 5 sides in the 5 adult patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative complications were noted in 12 (9 patients) of 21 operations (13 patients). Most complications were transient and no attributive lesions were detected on CT or MRI. The clinical outcome was excellent or good and revascularization was seen in cerebral blood flow studies. Effective neovascularization through the grafts was observed in follow-up angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical management of moyamoya disease has various aspects depending on the individual subject and very specific surgical management might be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita, Japan. keisuke@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002941:Circle of Willis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed