title: Effectiveness of telephone-based referral care management, a brief intervention to improve psychiatric treatment engagement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effectiveness of a telephone-based referral care management (TBR-CM) intervention for improving engagement in psychiatric treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2005 to May 2006, 169 primary care patients at the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center completed a psychiatric diagnostic interview and were identified as needing psychiatric care. From this total of eligible patients, 113 (67%) gave informed consent and were randomly assigned to receive either usual care or the intervention. Usual care consisted of participants' being schedule for a behavioral health care appointment, followed by a letter and reminder by telephone. The intervention group received the same, plus one or two brief motivational telephone sessions. Participant interviews and medical records provided study data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research participants were primarily African American and 22-83 years old. In the sample, 40 patients (39%) had severe depression, 40 (39%) had substance use problems, and 33 (22%) had co-occurring severe depression and substance abuse. Overall, 40 participants (70%) in the intervention group compared with 18 (32%) in the usual care group engaged in at least one psychiatric treatment appointment (p<.001). Analyses also indicated that on average the intervention group attended more appointments (more than three) compared with the usual care group (less than two) (p=.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TBR-CM intervention program was effective at improving psychiatric treatment engagement. Future research is necessary to examine effectiveness of TBR-CM in more heterogeneous and larger samples and to evaluate economic benefits versus costs of intervention delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA. f.zanjani@uky.edu
authors.forename: Faika
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanjani
authors.forename: Bree
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turiano
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oslin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015143:Philadelphia; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data