title: Lipoprotein particle concentrations may explain the absence of coronary protection in the women's health initiative hormone trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Women's Health Initiative randomized hormone trials unexpectedly demonstrated an increase in early coronary events. In an effort to explain this finding, we examined lipoprotein particle concentrations and their interactions with hormone therapy in a case-control substudy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomized 16 608 postmenopausal women with intact uterus to conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg with medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg daily or to placebo, and 10 739 women with prior hysterectomy to conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg daily or placebo, and measured lipoprotein subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and year 1 in 354 women with early coronary events and matched controls. Postmenopausal hormone therapy raised high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and particle concentration and reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; all P<0.001 versus placebo). In contrast, neither unopposed estrogen nor estrogen with progestin lowered low-density lipoprotein particle concentration (LDL-P).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal hormone therapy-induced reductions in LDL-C were not paralleled by favorable effects on LDL-P. This finding may account for the absence of coronary protection conferred by estrogen in the randomized hormone trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. judith.hsia@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Otvos
authors.forename: Jacques E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rossouw
authors.forename: LieLing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wassertheil-Smoller
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Bernedine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008074:Lipoproteins; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate