title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation over posterior parietal cortex disrupts transsaccadic memory of multiple objects.
abstract: The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a role in spatial updating of goals for eye and arm movements across saccades, but less is known about its role in updating perceptual memory. We reported previously that transsaccadic memory has a capacity for storing the orientations of three to four Gabor patches either within a single fixation (fixation task) or between separate fixations (saccade task). Here, we tested the role of the PPC in transsaccadic memory in eight subjects by simultaneously applying single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the right and left PPC, over several control sites, and comparing these to behavioral controls with no TMS. In TMS trials, we randomly delivered pulses at one of three different time intervals around the time of the saccade, or at an equivalent time in the fixation task. Controls confirmed that subjects could normally retain at least three visual features. TMS over the left PPC and a control site had no significant effect on this performance. However, TMS over the right PPC disrupted memory performance in both tasks. This TMS-induced effect was most disruptive in the saccade task, in particular when stimulation coincided more closely with saccade timing. Here, the capacity to compare presaccadic and postsaccadic features was reduced to one object, as expected if the spatial aspect of memory was disrupted. This finding suggests that right PPC plays a role in the spatial processing involved in transsaccadic memory of visual features. We propose that this process uses saccade-related feedback signals similar to those observed in spatial updating.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Vision Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Prime
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vesia
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*