title: Interactions of constipation, dysfunctional elimination syndrome, and vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is simply described as incompetence of the unidirectional valve at the ureterovesical junction (UVJ), leading to backflow of urine to the kidney. Today, it is clear that VUR is not only related to the UVJ function but also to a combination of processes including immunity, bladder and pelvic floor function, dysfunctional voiding, and constipation. Although our surgical aims directed towards improving the valve coaptation at the UVJ, we understand today the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of constipation and dysfunctional voiding adjunctively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel. s halachmi@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Sarel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halachmi
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farhat