title: Modes of failure of Osteonics constrained tripolar implants: a retrospective analysis of forty-three failed implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Osteonics constrained tripolar implant has been one of the most commonly used options to manage recurrent instability after total hip arthroplasty. Mechanical failures were expected and have been reported. The purpose of this retrospective review was to identify the observed modes of failure of this device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three failed Osteonics constrained tripolar implants were revised at our institution between September 1997 and April 2005. All revisions related to the constrained acetabular component only were considered as failures. All of the devices had been inserted for recurrent or intraoperative instability during revision procedures. Seven different methods of implantation were used. Operative reports and radiographs were reviewed to identify the modes of failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average time to failure of the forty-three implants was 28.4 months. A total of five modes of failure were observed: failure at the bone-implant interface (type I), which occurred in eleven hips; failure at the mechanisms holding the constrained liner to the metal shell (type II), in six hips; failure of the retaining mechanism of the bipolar component (type III), in ten hips; dislocation of the prosthetic head at the inner bearing of the bipolar component (type IV), in three hips; and infection (type V), in twelve hips. The mode of failure remained unknown in one hip that had been revised at another institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Osteonics constrained tripolar total hip arthroplasty implant is a complex device involving many parts. We showed that failure of this device can occur at most of its interfaces. It would therefore appear logical to limit its application to salvage situations.
authors.affiliation: Pavillon T-Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guyen
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lewallen
authors.forename: Miguel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cabanela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies