title: Prenatal diagnosis of omphalocele and left atrial isomerism (polysplenia) including complex congenital heart disease with ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy.
abstract: We report prenatal diagnosis of a rare constellation of findings, including omphalocele and polysplenia (left atrial isomerism [LAI]) with cardiac malformations including ventricular noncompaction (VNC) cardiomyopathy. The heterotaxy syndromes (polysplenia or LAI and asplenia or right atrial isomerism) are rare syndromes in which organs that are usually asymmetric are abnormally symmetric or abnormally positioned. Complex congenital heart disease is frequently associated with heterotaxy, with the heart being substantially affected in both structure and orientation. Heterotaxy has also been occasionally associated with a rare type of cardiomyopathy: VNC, described by Feldt et al and Ozkutlu et al. Omphalocele is a relatively common birth defect that is due to failure of the abdominal wall to close in association with return of the bowel in the first trimester. We report a case in which all of these findings were present. The cardiac findings were previously included in a pathology series on LAI with VNC by Friedberg et al; however, to our knowledge, pre-natal diagnosis of this unique collection of findings has not been reported previously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. nina.boe@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Nina M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Boe
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rhee-Morris
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Towner
authors.forename: Anita J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Moon-Grady
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D035583:Rare Diseases; D013154:Spleen / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013577:Syndrome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult