title: Underdiagnosis and referral bias of autism in ethnic minorities.
abstract: This study examined (1) the distribution of ethnic minorities among children referred to autism institutions and (2) referral bias in pediatric assessment of autism in ethnic minorities. It showed that compared to the known community prevalence, ethnic minorities were under-represented among 712 children referred to autism institutions. In addition, pediatricians (n = 81) more often referred to autism when judging clinical vignettes of European majority cases (Dutch) than vignettes including non-European minority cases (Moroccan or Turkish). However, when asked explicitly for ratings of the probability of autism, the effect of ethnic background on autism diagnosis disappeared. We conclude that the use of structured ratings may decrease the likelihood of ethnic bias in diagnostic decisions of autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. S.Begeer@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Begeer
authors.forename: Saloua El
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Bouk
authors.forename: Wafaa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boussaid
authors.forename: Mark Meerum
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Terwogt
authors.forename: Hans M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Koot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D015982:Bias; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009018:Morocco / Q000208:ethnology; D009426:Netherlands; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013240:Stereotyping; D013532:Suriname / Q000208:ethnology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*