title: Sasim attenuates LPS-induced TNF-alpha production through the induction of HO-1 in THP-1 differentiated macrophage-like cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sasim, a traditional prescription composed of seven herbal mixtures, has been widely used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of cerebral infarction in Korea. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which the formula affects immune processing in cerebral infarction patients remain unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of secretory protein of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were determined in both THP-1 differentiated macrophage-like (THP-1/M) cells and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cerebral infarction patients. Also, the levels of protein and mRNA of TNF-alpha and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected in THP-1/M cells under our experimental condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sasim markedly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha at the levels of secretory protein and mRNA in both PBMCs from cerebral infarction patients and THP-1/M cells. Interestingly, Sasim strongly induced HO-1, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme catabolism, at both the protein and mRNA levels in THP-1/M cells. Treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP), an inhibitor of the catalytic activity of HO, significantly abolished the suppressive effect of Sasim on LPS-induced TNF-a production in THP-1/M cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that Sasim may be beneficial in the cessation of inflammatory processes associated with cerebral infarction through the induction of HO-1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Vestibulocochlear System Research Center and Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yunha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong-Seob
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Byung-Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Myung-Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Seong-Keun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Mi Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kyu Yun
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jeho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Raekil
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002460:Cell Line; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C522580:Sasim; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1