title: Quality of anticoagulation and use of warfarin-interacting medications in long-term care: a chart review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintenance of therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR) in the community is generally poor. The supervised environment in long-term care facilities may represent a more ideal setting for warfarin therapy since laboratory monitoring, compliance, dose adjustment, and interacting medications can all be monitored and controlled. The objectives of this study were to determine how effectively warfarin was administered to a cohort of residents in long-term care facilities, to identify the proportion of residents prescribed warfarin-interacting drugs and to ascertain factors associated with poor INR control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review of 105 residents receiving warfarin therapy in five long-term care facilities in Hamilton, Ontario was performed. Data were collected on INR levels, warfarin prescribing and monitoring practices, and use of interacting medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 12 month period (28,555 resident-days, 78.2 resident years) 3065 INR values were available. Residents were within, below and above the therapeutic range 54%, 35% and 11% of the time, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of residents were prescribed at least one warfarin-interacting medication during the period in review. Residents receiving interacting medications spent less time in the therapeutic range (53.0% vs. 58.2%, OR = 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 0.97, P = 0.002). Adequacy of anticoagulation varied significantly between physicians (time in therapeutic range 45.9 to 63.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of long-term care residents, warfarin control was suboptimal. Both prescriber and co-prescription of interacting medications were associated with poorer INR control. Future studies should seek strategies to improve prescriber skill and decrease use of interacting medications.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. verhovm@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhovsek
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Motlagh
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crowther
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dolovich
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005853:Geriatrics; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009864:Ontario; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin