title: [Stressful experiences in social relationships and ill health].
abstract: Based on a large scale population study, associations between experienced non-reciprocity in social relationships and three health indicators (depressive symptoms, self-rated health, sleeping problems) are analysed. The norm of reciprocity is commonly defined as the obligation to return actions or services provided by another person. We use baseline survey data of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Participants (n = 4814) were randomly selected from mandatory lists of residency from three adjacent cities of the Ruhrregion (Germany) with a response rate of 55.8 %. Non-reciprocity is measured by a questionnaire containing three scales: "partnership", "parent-child", and "non-specific relationships". Depressive symptoms are assessed by the German short version of the CES-D scale, self-rated health by a single widely tested item and sleeping problems by an index consisting of three items. Associations are explored using logistic regression analyses with age, education, occupational position and two indicators of social support as control variables. Results show that men and women who experience non-reciprocity in social relationships have significantly elevated risks of depressive symptoms, poor self-rated health and sleeping problems. Associations decrease after controlling for age, education, occupational position and social support but remain significant in most cases. The reciprocity approach proposed here offers the opportunity to systematically explore negative aspects of social relationships and resulting health consequences.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizin-Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: von dem Knesebeck
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dragano
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moebus
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jöckel
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siegrist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires