title: Effects of spinal analgesics on spinal circulation: the safety standpoint.
abstract: Administration of spinal analgesics around the spinal cord requires safety assessment due to the possibility of inflicting neurotoxic damage. Thus, neurotoxicologic evaluation should be performed for effective, safer spinal antinociception. Every potential agent for spinal administration should be studied in animals for its effects on spinal blood flow or vessels before any attempt is made to administer the drug to humans. As the spinal cord normally has a marginal blood flow, excessive vasoconstriction might produce spinal cord ischemia and consequent neurologic dysfunction. This review therefore focuses on the effects on the spinal circulation induced by well-known spinal analgesics employed in the treatment of acute and chronic pain disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. iida@gifu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D051381:Rats; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012449:Safety; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000322:Adrenergic Agonists; D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local