title: Methylation of the prominin 1 TATA-less main promoters and tissue specificity of their transcript content.
abstract: Prominin 1 (PROM1, CD133) is a unique transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the PROM1 gene. It is a cell surface marker of various stem cells including hematopoietic, prostatic epithelial, pancreatic, leukemic, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer stem cells. Here, we studied tissue specificity of PROM1 transcription isoforms and the methylation level of its two main promoters (P1 and P2) in different human cell lines. Only transcripts lacking the 4th exon (the CD133.s1 form) were expressed in cell lines studied. Moreover, these transcripts, if sufficiently abundant, were initiated simultaneously and independently from both promoters P1 and P2. In cell lines with low levels of the total PROM1 transcript, the transcription was likely initiated from other promoters. Promoter P1 was hypermethylated in all cell lines under study, and therefore, methylation can hardly play an important role in its regulation. In contrast, the methylation of promoter P2 was tissue specific, and hypomethylation of this promoter is probably necessary but not sufficient for efficient transcription of the PROM1 gene. Therefore, we report an unusual instance of different mechanisms of transcription activity regulation for two closely located promoters of the same gene.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Victor V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Pleshkan
authors.forename: Tatyana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Vinogradova
authors.forename: Eugene D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Sverdlov
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000502:physiology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016385:TATA Box / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger