title: [Automobile versus pedestrian accidents analysis by fixed-parameters computer simulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using computer simulation to analyze the effects of speed, type of automobile and impacted position on crash-course and injuries of pedestrians in automobile vs. pedestrian accidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Automobiles (bus, minibus, car and truck) and pedestrian models were constructed with multi-body dynamics computing method. The crashes were simulated at different impact speeds (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 km/h) and different positions (front, lateral and rear of pedestrians). Crash-courses and their biomechanical responses were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  If the type of automobile and impact position were the same, the crash-courses were similar (impact speed < or = 60 km/h). There were some characteristics in the head acceleration, upper neck axial force and leg axial force.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multi-body dynamics computer simulation of crash can be applied to analyze crash-course and injuries (head, neck and leg) of pedestrians.
authors.affiliation: Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. mao_mingyuan@sohu.com
authors.forename: Ming-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yi-Jiu
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ning-Guo
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong-Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Jun-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xian-Long
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001336:Automobiles; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D016138:Walking