title: Effects of manipulating progesterone and NMDA receptors in the ventral tegmental area for lordosis of hamsters and rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progesterone (P4) has actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to regulate female sexual behavior in rodents. However, there are few intracellular progestin receptors (PRs) that have been identified in the VTA through which P4 may have its actions to facilitate lordosis. There are N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the VTA that may be a substrate for P4's effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effects of pharmacologically manipulating NMDARs in the VTA for E2- and P4-facilitated lordosis of hamsters and rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effect of systemic injections (intraperitoneal; IP) and bilateral infusions to the VTA of the highly specific, competitive NMDAR antagonist, 9-0-6-phosphonomethyl-deca-hydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (LY235959); 0, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg IP and 0, 1.0, and 10 ng/mul intra-VTA), on lordosis of estradiol-primed (E2; 10 microg) and P4-primed (0, 50, 250, or 500 microg) ovariectomized hamsters and rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-VTA administration of the NMDAR antagonist, LY235959, produced similar effects as systemic administration to enhance lordosis, particularly in E2-primed rats or hamsters administered moderate P4 levels (less than 500 microg). Administration of LY235959 to the substantia nigra did not produce similar effects as intra-VTA infusions for lordosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Together, these data suggest that blocking NMDARs in the VTA enhances lordosis of hamsters and rats.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology, The University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY, USA. cafrye@albany.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Frye
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marrone
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011187:Posture; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007546:Isoquinolines; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; C088643:LY 235959