title: Chitosan microspheres containing Bordetella bronchiseptica antigens as novel vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs.
abstract: The immune-stimulating activities of Bordetella bronchiseptica antigens containing dermonecrotoxin (BBD) loaded in chitosan microspheres (CMs) have already been reported in vitro and in vivo with a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) and mice. Therefore, this study attempted to demonstrate the successful induction of mucosal immune responses after the intranasal administration of BBD loaded in CMs (BBD-CMs) in colostrum-deprived pigs. The BBD was introduced to the CMs using an ionic gelation process involving tripolyphosphate (TPP). Colostrum-deprived pigs were then directly immunized through intranasal administration of the BBD-CMs. A challenge with a field isolate of B. bronchiseptica was performed ten days following the final immunization. The BBD-specific IgG and IgA titers, evident in the nasal wash and serum from the vaccinated pigs, increased with time (p<0.05). Following the challenge, the clinical signs of infection were about 6-fold lower in the vaccinated pigs compared with the nonvaccinated pigs. The grades for gross morphological changes in the turbinate bones from the vaccinated pigs were also significantly lower than the grades recorded for the nonvaccinated pigs (p<0.001). Therefore, the mucosal and systemic immune responses induced in the current study would seem to indicate that the intranasal administration of BBD-CMs may be an effective vaccine against atrophic rhinitis in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sang Gyun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hu-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ding Ding
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Deog Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nabin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rayamahji
authors.forename: Yeon Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Chong Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Han Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D001885:Bordetella Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000662:veterinary; D016950:Bordetella bronchiseptica / Q000276:immunology*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D008863:Microspheres; D012222:Rhinitis, Atrophic / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology; D014420:Turbinates / Q000276:immunology; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; C060969:dermonecrotic toxin, Bordetella; D048271:Chitosan; D011503:Transglutaminases