title: Effect of xanthohumol on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.
abstract: Xanthohumol (XH), the principal prenylflavonoid of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.), dose-dependently inhibited isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little cytotoxicity at the effective concentrations. Decreased melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase enzyme activity, protein and mRNA expression. The levels of tyrosinase-related protein 1 and 2 mRNAs were decreased by XH. XH also inhibited alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone- or forskolin-induced increases in melanogenesis, suggesting an action on the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway. XH downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcriptional regulator of key melanogenic enzymes. These results suggest that XH might act as a hypo-pigmenting agent through the downregulation of MITF in the cAMP-dependent melanogenic pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hyoung Tae
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ha-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kang-Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Il-Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung Hoo
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Han-Uk
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D005419:Flavonoids; D027582:Humulus; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D008543:Melanins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; C497235:Mitf protein, mouse; D011427:Propiophenones; D005576:Colforsin; D000521:alpha-MSH; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C079621:Tyrp1 protein, mouse; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase; C104536:xanthohumol; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine