title: Effect of adhesive application methods on bond strength to bovine enamel.
abstract: Single-step self-etch adhesive systems have been developed to simplify and shorten bonding procedures. With the gain in popularity of these simplified systems, their reliability has become a focus of interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adhesive application method on enamel bond strength. Two commercial single-step self-etch adhesive systems, Clearfil tri-S Bond, and G-Bond, were used. Bovine mandibular incisors were mounted in self-curing resin and the facial enamel surfaces were ground wet on 600-grit SiC paper. Adhesives were only applied without agitation (inactive) or were agitated by a brush (active), and resin composites were condensed into the mold on the enamel surface and light-activated. Ten specimens per test group were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, then shear-tested at a cross-head speed of 1.0 mm/min. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test were used. The bond strengths for active application were higher than those for inactive application. Significant differences were found for both adhesive systems. From the results of this study, active application of single-step self-etch adhesive may help to ensure the creation of a roughened enamel surface and enhance the penetration of resin monomer into the subsurface demineralized enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irokawa
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D045662:Dental Etching; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C498353:G-Bond; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D014867:Water; C022088:silicon carbide