title: Occult papillary thyroid carcinoma: diagnostic and clinical implications in the era of routine ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Papillary carcinoma with clinically apparent node metastasis but lacking a primary carcinoma lesion in the thyroid is designated as occult papillary carcinoma. In the era of routine ultrasonographic examination, occult papillary carcinoma is defined as papillary carcinoma with clinically apparent node metastasis but showing a primary lesion that is microscopic or overlooked by ultrasonography. In this study we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathologic features, including prognosis, of occult papillary carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective series study of all patients with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent initial surgery at a single institution over 14 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1990 and 2004, 5400 patients underwent surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma at Kuma Hospital, Japan. Seventeen (0.3%) were regarded as having occult papillary carcinoma and were enrolled in the study. Clinically apparent node metastasis was detected in the lateral compartment in 16 patients and in the mediastinal compartment in 1 patient. Multiple metastatic nodes were detected in 5 patients (29%). Primary lesions of papillary carcinoma were intraoperatively detected in 3 of 14 patients (21%) who underwent thyroidectomy, but there were no apparent carcinoma lesions in the thyroid in 5 patients (36%), even on pathologic examination. Six patients (35%) showed extranodal tumor extension to adjacent organs and two of these patients showed recurrence. None of the patients showed distant metastasis or died of carcinoma over the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with occult papillary thyroid carcinoma were found to have a favorable overall prognosis. However, occult papillary carcinoma is automatically classified as N1b in the UICC classification, and in our series it is also likely to show other aggressive clinicopathologic features. In particular, extranodal tumor extension portends a worse prognosis for patients with occult papillary carcinoma. Therefore, careful total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection is recommended except for elderly or high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kuma Hospital, 8-2-35, Shimoyamate-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe City 650-0011, Japan. ito01@kuma-h.or.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yabuta
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uruno
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Yuuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miya
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuzuka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D014463:Ultrasonography