title: Pretreatment with omega-3 fatty acid infusion to prevent leukocyte-endothelial injury responses seen in cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inappropriate multiorgan endothelial-leukocyte activation is major causative factor in organ dysfunction after cardiac surgery. We investigated in vitro, mechanism and magnitude of attenuation of the pathogenic response through pretreatment with an omega-3 fatty acid infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perioperative saphenous endothelial cell monolayers were pretreated and then stimulated with perioperative inflammatory mediators. Endothelial production of interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and adhesion molecules necessary for neutrophil tissue penetration, were examined, together with inflammatory endothelial coagulant responses. Pretreatment effects on isolated blood neutrophil inflammatory responses were similarly noted. Mechanistic insight was obtained through assessment of the temporal response of nuclear factor-kB and its association with heat shock protein 72(HSP72) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-hour pretreatment markedly reduced inflammatory endothelial release of interleukin 8 (2587 +/- 82 pg/mL control vs 208 +/- 3 pg/mL omega-3 pretreated, P < .01) and endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (196.1 +/- 2.0 vs 71.9 +/- 0.6 mean channel fluorescence, P < .01) in response to endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor a. Neutrophil activation (CD11b and respiratory burst) was maintained, but pretreated neutrophils had shorter survival. Endothelial inflammatory stimulation produced rapid increase in nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kB, which was attenuated by 43% with omega-3 pretreatment (P < .01). This coincided with 3-fold increase (P = .03) in protective HSP72 expression with pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute pre-treatment with a clinically acceptable omega-3 infusion attenuates perioperative endothelial-neutrophil activation through transcription-level interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Condron
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouchier-Hayes
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Redmond
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011292:Premedication; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000166:cytology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1