title: Adaptation of a commercial ion selective fluoride electrode to a tubular configuration for analysis by flow methodologies.
abstract: The determination of fluoride ions in water samples is accomplished by using a tubular flow through detector constructed by drilling a channel through a commercially available LaF(3) crystal electrode in such a way that the original contacts of the non-modified unit are maintained. Its performance when incorporated in both FIA and SIA systems was evaluated and the results show that the tubular unit retains the characteristics of the non-modified electrode. In SIA conditions an extended linear range of response and lower detection limit were achieved when compared with the electrode performance in FIA conditions. These aspects together with the additional advantage of low sample and reagent consumptions in SIA when compared to FIA, makes the incorporation of the proposed tubular ISE in a SIA system the preferred approach for on line determination and monitoring of fluoride content in natural water samples.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. antonio.conceicao@ist.utl.pt
authors.forename: António C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: M M Correia
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: M L S Simões
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gonçalves