title: Cortical atrophy and white matter hyperintensities in HIV: the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive individuals are now living longer after infection because of highly active antiretroviral therapy, aging-related manifestations of cerebral small-vessel ischemic vascular disease, such as brain white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), are becoming increasingly important in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the relationship between WMHs and cortical volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare cortical volumes among 62 HIV-seropositive individuals participating in the Hawaii Aging with HIV Cohort Study, 30 with moderate WMHs and 32 with minimal or no WMHs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presence of moderate WMHs was associated with decreased cortical volumes in the frontal lobes bilaterally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that age-related WMHs are associated with reduced frontal gray matter volumes in HIV-seropositive individuals, supporting the hypothesis that the frontal lobes may have greater susceptibility to the effects of small-vessel ischemic vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI. aaronmnm@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McMurtray
authors.forename: Beau
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: Cecelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shikuma
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valcour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D049292:Leukoaraiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D017741:Survivors