title: A notable accessory screening program for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test is implemented to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Taiwan. However, the utility of that has limitations. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is an important risk factor in development of cervical cancer. In this study, we estimate the utility of HR-HPV testing in the screening of CIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, 726 subjects were recruited and willing to prove cervical exfoliated epithelial cells for Pap smear screening and HR-HPV DNA testing. Subsequently, 205 of the eligible subjects with greater than or equal to CIN1 of Pap smear results were asked to perform histologic diagnosis that served as a gold standard for the estimation of the effects of both Pap smear and HR-HPV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histology is significantly associated with HR-HPV infection, as well as significantly highly correlated with the individuals who have both Pap smear greater than or equal to CIN1 and positive HR-HPV infection but not significantly correlated with the individuals who only have Pap smear greater than or equal to CIN1 but without HR-HPV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combinative surveillance of HR-HPV infection and Pap smear is a useful tool to detect and monitor precancerous lesions in the screening program. HR-HPV testing is a notable accessory screening program for detection of CIN in Taiwanese women.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Y-M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: S-F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L-Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral