title: A comparison of life events in adolescents with major depression, borderline personality disorder and matched controls: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study assessed the prevalence of life events (LE) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 19), borderline personality disorder (BPD, n = 20) and matched controls (n = 20).
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment measures included: the Child Suicide Potential Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Life Events Checklist, the Childhood Sexual Abuse Questionnaire and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of negative lifetime LE was significantly higher in both MDD and BPD groups than in the control group, while the opposite was true for the percentage of positive LE. No difference was detected between the groups in the number of negative LE in the year preceding their admission. The MDD group reported more death-related LE than the control group, while the BPD group reported more sexual abuse LE than the control and MDD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study is a cross-sectional study, and therefore, we cannot draw definite conclusions regarding causality. Yet, the significance of negative LE as contributors to and of positive LE as protective factors against the development of nonsuicidal psychopathology is suggested. Further, the possible association between death of a first-degree relative and MDD and between sexual abuse occurring in early childhood and BPD is raised.
authors.affiliation: Tel Aviv-Brull Community Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Netta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horesh
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ratner
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laor
authors.forename: Paz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires