title: Oral administration of grape polyphenol extract ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal damage and behavioral deficits in gerbils: comparison of pre- and post-ischemic administration.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been regarded as an important underlying cause for the delayed neuronal death (DND) after cerebral ischemia. In this study, the effects of short-term oral administration of grape polyphenol extract (GPE) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a gerbil global ischemia model were determined. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 5 min. GPE (30 mg/ml)-containing formula or formula without GPE was administered daily via gavage for 4 days prior to and/or for 4 days after I/R. I/R resulted in hyperlocomotion, extensive DND, oxidative and fragmented DNA damage, and an increase in reactive astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. GPE administration for 4 days prior to I/R and for 4 days after I/R attenuated DND, DNA damage and glial cell activation. However, neuroprotection was more pronounced when GPE was administered for 4 days after I/R than when administered for 4 days prior to I/R. GPE administration after I/R attenuated I/R-induced hyperlocomotion. These findings indicate that oral GPE intake may confer protection against I/R injury and emphasize that early intervention may be an effective therapeutic measure for ameliorating brain injury in stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Albert Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonyi
authors.forename: Dennis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Luchtefeld
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Korthuis
authors.forename: Grace Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols