title: Therapy insight: the changing spectrum of rheumatic disease in HIV infection.
abstract: HIV infection and AIDS have protean and multisystem manifestations throughout the various stages of infection. Progression from HIV infection to AIDS is associated with a gradual loss of immunocompetence and the occurrence of opportunistic infections and malignancies; it is also associated with immune dysregulation and persistent, prolonged immune activation that leads to autoimmune phenomena such as vasculitis and serological abnormalities. In people who are infected with HIV, the recognition of autoinflammatory disorders, their differentiation from infections or lymphoproliferative malignancies and their treatment using potentially immunosuppressive drugs is a challenging clinical scenario. The spectrum of rheumatologic diseases reported in HIV-infected individuals has changed dramatically since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 1995. Complications such as metabolic abnormalities, osteoporosis, and immune restoration inflammatory syndrome have emerged.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rashmi M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Maganti
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reveille
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*