title: Comparison of surface emissions and subsurface distribution of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene and chloropicrin in sandy field beds covered with four different plastic films.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to conduct a field study at a Florida field site on surface emissions and subsurface distribution of cis-and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) in raised beds injected with Telone C35 with four replications. A total of 16 beds were applied with Telone C35 by chisel injection and covered with four different plastic films, 4 beds for each film. Each bed was installed with five 20-cm long soil pore air probes and a surface air collection pan at arbitrarily locations along the length of each bed for sampling soil pore air and surface air, respectively, for analysis of the three biologically active compounds, cis- and trans-1,3-D and CP. We found that average concentrations of the three compounds at 20-cm depth among the beds covered with four different plastic films generally were not statistically different. Among the four beds covered with the same plastic film, average concentrations of the three compounds were statistically different only in the four metallic PE covered beds at 5 and 24 hours after injection. Volatilization rates of the three compounds among the beds covered with four different plastic films, with the exception of CP at 48 hours after injection, were not statistically different. It appeared that initial upward diffusion and volatilization flux were influenced by solar radiation. Initial subsurface concentrations of the three compounds and volatilization flux, especially cis-1,3-D, were greater in the beds on the east side of the field than that in the beds on the west side of the field. Whether or not difference in initial subsurface concentrations of the compounds between east side beds and west side beds may influence fumigant efficacy remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290, USA. lto@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Li-Tse
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: L Hartwell
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005431:Florida; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000498:Allyl Compounds; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D010969:Plastics; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; C100187:chloropicrin