title: Early operation on patients with a hip fracture improved the ability to return to independent living. A prospective study of 850 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The outcome for many patients with a hip fracture remains poor. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the timing of surgery in such patients could influence the short-term clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 850 consecutive patients with a hip fracture who were admitted to the hospital during one year in a prospective study. Three cutoff limits for a comparison of early and late operation were defined. The outcome (the ability to return to independent living, risk for the development of pressure ulcers, length of the hospital stay, and mortality rate) for patients who had an operation within twenty-four, thirty-six, and forty-eight hours was compared with the outcome for those who had an operation at a later time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who had the operation more than thirty-six and forty-eight hours after admission were less likely to return to independent living within four months (odds ratio, 0.44 and 0.33, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference with use of the twenty-four-hour cutoff limit. The incidence of pressure ulcers in the groups that had the operation later was increased at all three cutoff limits (a delay of more than twenty-four hours, more than thirty-six hours, and more than forty-eight hours) (odds ratio, 2.19, 3.42, and 4.34, respectively). The length of hospitalization was also increased in the groups that had the later operation (median, fourteen compared with eighteen days, fifteen compared with nineteen days, and fifteen compared with twenty-one days, respectively) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The importance of surgical timing remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounders (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early compared with late operative treatment of patients with a hip fracture is associated with an improved ability to return to independent living, a reduced risk for the development of pressure ulcers, and a shortened hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. amer.al-ani@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Amer N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Al-Ani
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samuelsson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tidermark
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norling
authors.forename: Wilhelmina
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedström
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome