title: Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms are associated with outcomes after spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study, from rehabilitation admission to discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sample of 89 persons with cervical SCI (C3-C8) treated from 1995 through 2003. Median age was 30 years (range 14-70); 67 were male (75%) and 83 were white (93%).
  
  
  METHODS
  American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor and sensory scores, ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS), time from injury to rehabilitation admission, and length of stay (LOS) in rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with an APOE epsilon4 allele (n = 15; 17%) had significantly less motor recovery during rehabilitation than did individuals without an epsilon4 allele (median 3.0 vs 5.5; P < 0.05) and a longer rehabilitation LOS (median 106 vs 89 days; P = 0.04), but better sensory-pinprick recovery (median 5.0 vs 2.0; P= 0.03). There were no significant differences by APOE epsilon4 allele status in sensory-light touch recovery, likelihood of improving AIS Grade, or time from injury to rehabilitation admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APOE epsilon4 allele was associated with differences in neurological recovery and longer rehabilitation LOS. Genetic factors may be among the determinants of outcome after SCI and warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Craig Hospital Research Department, University of Colorado, 3425 S. Clarkson Street, Englewood, CO 80113, USA. ajha@craighospital.org
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lammertse
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charlifue
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Coughlin
authors.forename: Gale G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Whiteneck
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Worley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D010243:Paralysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D005819:Genetic Markers