title: Phorbol ester-induced apoptosis and senescence in cancer cell models.
abstract: Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of substrates that play key roles in the control in proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Treatment of cells with phorbol esters, activators of classical and novel PKC isozymes, leads to a plethora of responses in a strict cell-type-dependent specific manner. Interestingly, a few cell models undergo apoptosis in response to phorbol ester stimulation, including androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. This effect involves the autocrine secretion of death factors and activation of the extrinsic apoptotic cascade. We have recently found that in other models, such as lung cancer cells, phorbol esters lead to irreversible growth arrest and senescence. This chapter describes the methods we use to assess these phorbol ester responses in cancer cell models, focusing on apoptosis and senescence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: M Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Caino
authors.forename: Vivian A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: von Burstin
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: Marcelo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kazanietz
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000201:enzymology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000502:physiology*; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate