title: Collagen deposition limits immune reconstitution in the gut.
abstract: Despite suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication by antiretroviral therapy, reconstitution of CD4+ cells is variable and incomplete, particularly in gut-associated lymphatic tissues (GALT). We have previously shown that immune activation and inflammation in HIV-infected and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected lymph nodes results in collagen deposition and disruption of the lymphatic tissue architecture, and this damage contributes to CD4+ cell depletion before treatment and affects the extent of immune reconstitution after treatment. In the present study, we compared collagen deposition and the extent of depletion and reconstitution of total CD4+ cells and subsets in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and inductive and effector sites in GALT. We show that CD4+ cell depletion in GALT correlates with the rapidity and greater magnitude of collagen deposition in this compartment, compared with that in peripheral lymph nodes, and that although treatment does not restore CD4+ cells to effector sites, treatment in the early stages of infection can increase CD4+ central memory cells in Peyer patches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Jason V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brenchley
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoruts
authors.forename: Jacob L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barthold
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bantle
authors.forename: Cavan S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beilman
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Douek
authors.forename: Ashley T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schacker
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen