title: Physician-teacher characteristics associated with learner-centered teaching skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Academic institutions do not have a way to identify physician-teachers who are proficient in learner-centered teaching.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify physician characteristics associated with being highly learner-centered.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 363 physicians was surveyed. Measured items included personal characteristics, professional characteristics, teaching activities, self-assessed teaching proficiencies and behaviors, and scholarly activities. A learner-centeredness scale was developed using factor analysis. Logistic regression models were used to determine which characteristics were independently associated with scoring highly on the learner-centeredness scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and ninety-nine physicians responded (82%) of whom 262 (88%) had taught medical learners in the prior 12 months. Six variables combined to form the learner-centeredness scale and the Cronbach Alpha of the scale was 0.73. The eight characteristics independently associated with high learner-centered scores for physician teachers were (i) proficiency in giving lectures or presentations (OR ;= ;5.1, 95% CI: 1.3-19.6), (ii) frequently helping learners identify resources to meet their own needs (OR ;= ;3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-10.3), (iii) proficiency in eliciting feedback from learners (OR ;= ;3.7, 95% CI: 1.7-8.5), (iv) frequently attempting to detect and discuss emotional responses of the learners (OR ;= ;2.9, 95% CI: 1.2-6.9), (v) frequently reflecting on the validity of feedback from the learners (OR ;= ;2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.4), (vi) frequently identifying available resources to meet the teacher's learning needs (OR ;= ;2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.2), (vii) having given an oral presentation related to education at a national/regional meeting (OR ;= ;2.6, 95% CI: 1.1-6.0), and (viii) frequently letting learners know how different situations affect the teacher (OR ;= ;2.5, 95% CI: 1.1-5.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical competence and professional growth of medical learners can be most effectively facilitated by learner-centered educational methods. It may now be possible to identify medical educators who are more learner-centered in their teaching.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Menachery
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D011361:Professional Competence; D013663:Teaching / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States