title: Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates.
abstract: It has previously been thought that there was a steep Cretaceous and Cenozoic radiation of marine invertebrates. This pattern can be replicated with a new data set of fossil occurrences representing 3.5 million specimens, but only when older analytical protocols are used. Moreover, analyses that employ sampling standardization and more robust counting methods show a modest rise in diversity with no clear trend after the mid-Cretaceous. Globally, locally, and at both high and low latitudes, diversity was less than twice as high in the Neogene as in the mid-Paleozoic. The ratio of global to local richness has changed little, and a latitudinal diversity gradient was present in the early Paleozoic.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California-Santa Barbara, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. alroy@nceas.ucsb.edu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alroy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aberhan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bottjer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: Franz T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Fürsich
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: Austin J W
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hendy
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ivany
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiessling
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kosnik
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Alistair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Arnold I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Olszewski
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Patzkowsky
authors.forename: Shanan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villier
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bonuso
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Borkow
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenneis
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Clapham
authors.forename: Leigh M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Andrew Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Krug
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Layou
authors.forename: Erin H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Leckey
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nürnberg
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Jocelyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sessa
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomasovych
authors.forename: Christy C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Visaggi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004777:Environment; D005580:Fossils; D005843:Geography; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000145:classification; D010163:Paleontology / Q000379:methods; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012623:Seawater; D013997:Time Factors