title: Well-being, sleep, exercise patterns, and the menstrual cycle: a comparison of natural hormones, oral contraceptives and depo-provera.
abstract: Overall well-being, sleep and exercise patterns were investigated in women between the ages of 18 and 36 years with natural hormone profiles (n = 12), and women using oral contraceptives (n = 12) or Depo-Provera (n = 12) from January 18, 2005 to December 7, 2005. Daily questionnaires on the above variables were obtained across 3 menstrual cycles (108 cycles). Women using hormonal contraception reported more overall negative well-being than women with natural hormone profiles (p = .038). Positive well-being at mid-cycle was positively correlated with increased sleep by the natural hormone (p < .05) and oral contraception groups (p < .05) but not by the Depo-Provera group. Women with natural hormone profiles walked more when they reported decreased well-being. Our findings indicate that the use of Depo-Provera interferes with the natural relations between sleep, cycle phase and well-being.
authors.affiliation: Social Science Division, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA. susanb@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Lynn A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Louona M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Larkspur
authors.forename: Ariel L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nicolaisen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003267:Contraception; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate