title: Nervus medianus evoked potentials and bispectral index during repeated transitions from consciousness to unconsciousness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the relationship between median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and the bispectral index (BIS) during alternating periods of consciousness and propofol-induced unconsciousness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Loss of consciousness (LOC) was repetitively induced by bolus injections of propofol in 24 patients undergoing elective surgery in spinal anaesthesia. SSEP and the BIS were recorded during LOC and recovery of consciousness (ROC). The level of consciousness was clinically assessed by the observer's assessment of alertness/sedation scale. Propofol venous plasma concentrations were measured simultaneously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At LOC, all SSEPs latency components were prolonged (P<0.001), whereas amplitudes of the components > or = 45 ms were smaller (P=0.008) and the BIS values were lower (P<0.001). None of the EEG variables regained baseline levels during ROC. Regression analyses revealed that the SSEP components (five latencies and five amplitudes) explained 33% of the variance when predicting ROC; the BIS explained 12%. The combination of SSEP and BIS explained 37% of variance in this patient sample. Propofol venous plasma concentration was 1.2 (0.8) microg ml(-1) during LOC and 0.4 (0.5) microg ml(-1) during ROC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate the usefulness of combining variables of the evoked and spontaneous EEG to measure different levels of consciousness, because the SSEP provide additional information beyond the BIS. Inter-individual variability of all the EEG variables limits their predictive potency of ROC after propofol infusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany. ingrid.rundshagen@charite.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rundshagen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mast
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pragst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cortina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol