title: Inflammatory and immunological aspects of dental pulp repair.
abstract: The repair of dental pulp by direct capping with calcium hydroxide or by implantation of bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules implies a cascade of four steps: a moderate inflammation, the commitment of adult reserve stem cells, their proliferation and terminal differentiation. The link between the initial inflammation and cell commitment is not yet well established but appears as a potential key factor in the reparative process. Either the release of cytokines due to inflammatory events activates resident stem (progenitor) cells, or inflammatory cells or pulp fibroblasts undergo a phenotypic conversion into osteoblast/odontoblast-like progenitors implicated in reparative dentin formation. Activation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells by mild inflammatory processes may also promote osteoblast/odontoblast-like differentiation and expression of ECM molecules implicated in mineralization. Recognition of bacteria by specific odontoblast and fibroblast membrane receptors triggers an inflammatory and immune response within the pulp tissue that would also modulate the repair process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Réparation et Remodelage des Tissus Oro-faciaux, EA 2496, Groupe Matrices Extracellulaires et Biominéralisation, 1 rue Maurice ARNOUX, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris-Descartes, 92120 Montrouge, France. mgoldod@aol.com
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Farges
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacerda-Pinheiro
authors.forename: Ngampis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Six
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jegat
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Decup
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Septier
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrouel
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaussain-Miller
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denbesten
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veis
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poliard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000503:physiopathology; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens