title: Direction-induced effects of visually guided weight-shifting training on standing balance in the elderly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversial findings exist in the literature with respect to the efficacy of visually guided weight-shifting (WS) training as a means of improving balance in healthy older adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of two direction-specific, visually guided WS training protocols on standing balance of healthy elderly women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight community-dwelling elderly women, all free of any neurological or musculoskeletal impairment, were randomly assigned into: a group that practiced WS in the anterior/posterior direction (A/P group, n=19), a group that practiced WS in the medio/lateral direction (M/L group, n=15) and a control group (n=14). Participants performed 12 training sessions of visually guided WS (3 sessions a week for 25 minutes per session). Static balance was measured before and after training in normal (bipedal) quiet stance (NQS) and sharpened-Romberg stance (SRS) by recording center of pressure (CoP) variations and angular segment kinematics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In NQS, neither of the two training protocols had a significant impact on postural sway measures, although a significant decrease in interlimb asymmetry of CoP displacement was noted for the A/P group. In SRS, A/P training induced a significant reduction of CoP displacement, lower limb pitch and upper trunk roll rotation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study stress the importance of using direction-specific WS tasks in balance training, particularly in the A/P direction, in order to improve control of static balance in elderly women.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Motor Control and Learning, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. vaso1@phed.auth.gr
authors.forename: Vassilia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hatzitaki
authors.forename: Ioannis G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Amiridis
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikodelis
authors.forename: Styliani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D026241:Exercise Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control