title: Inhibition of beta-catenin signaling in articular chondrocytes results in articular cartilage destruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease whose molecular mechanism is currently unknown. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the development and function of articular chondrocytes. To determine the role of beta-catenin signaling in articular chondrocyte function, we generated Col2a1-ICAT-transgenic mice to inhibit beta-catenin signaling in chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of the ICAT transgene was determined by immunostaining and Western blot analysis. Histologic analyses were performed to determine changes in articular cartilage structure and morphology. Cell apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining and the immunostaining of cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins. Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bax proteins and caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 activities were examined in primary sternal chondrocytes isolated from 3-day-old neonatal Col2a1-ICAT-transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates and in primary chicken and porcine articular chondrocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of the ICAT transgene was detected in articular chondrocytes of the transgenic mice. Associated with this, age-dependent articular cartilage destruction was observed in Col2a1-ICAT-transgenic mice. A significant increase in cell apoptosis in articular chondrocytes was identified by TUNEL staining and the immunostaining of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP proteins in these transgenic mice. Consistent with this, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) expression were decreased and caspase 9 and caspase 3/7 activity were increased, suggesting that increased cell apoptosis may contribute significantly to the articular cartilage destruction observed in Col2a1-ICAT-transgenic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of beta-catenin signaling in articular chondrocytes causes increased cell apoptosis and articular cartilage destruction in Col2a1-ICAT- transgenic mice.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuscik
authors.forename: Qiuqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Randy N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rosier
authors.forename: Regis J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C498785:Ctnnbip1 protein, mouse; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin