title: Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in lung adenocarcinoma: a comparative study between ever smokers and never smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are major differences affecting genes in adenocarcinomas in ever and never smokers. However, data on whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation state differs according to smoking status are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases, and P38 enzymes (pP38) were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry in 188 chemonaïve patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma. Cell viability of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line HCC827 was studied after treatment with cisplatin or the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven of 44 never smokers [84%; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 70-92%] expressed high pP38 levels compared with 45 of 104 ever smokers (43%; 95% CI, 34-53%; P < 0.0001). The proportion of never smokers expressing high c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase levels (72%; 95% CI, 57-83%) was greater than that of ever smokers (53%; 95% CI, 44-62%; P = 0.03). The proportion of ever smokers expressing high extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels (51%; 95% CI, 42-59%) was similar to that of never smokers (57%; 95% CI, 42-71%; P = 0.47). Never smokers were 10.5 times (95% CI, 3.5-31.5) more likely to express high pP38 levels after adjustment for variables linked to smoking status, including age, sex, and histologic subtype. None of the activated MAPKs predicted for overall survival. Cell viability of HCC827 was significantly reduced after exposure to SB203580 alone or when combined with cisplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Life-long nonsmoking is associated with high activated P38 levels in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Activated P38 can contribute to the viability of adenocarcinoma cells in never smokers, but is not predictive for overall survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Giannis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mountzios
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Planchard
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Besse
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Validire
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Devisme
authors.forename: Meletios-Athanasios
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fouret
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases