title: Geometrical design of immobilized cell modular units for ethanol fermentation.
abstract: Formula are developed for calculating the performance characteristics (surface-to-total-volume ratio, surface-to-packing-volume ratio, and void volume fraction) of four different types of immobilized cell modular units (ICMUs) for ethanol fermentation: plate-type, spiral-type, beehive-type and bead-type ICMUs. Examples are used to illustrate how the formulas are useful for investigating the effects of characteristic dimensions of packing geometry, as well as the effect of scale on the performance characteristics of the ICMUs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bourassa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leduy