title: Surgery for movement disorders.
abstract: Movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, tremor, and dystonia, are among the most common neurological conditions and affect millions of patients. Although medications are the mainstay of therapy for movement disorders, neurosurgery has played an important role in their management for the past 50 years. Surgery is now a viable and safe option for patients with medically intractable Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. In this article, we provide a review of the history, neurocircuitry, indication, technical aspects, outcomes, complications, and emerging neurosurgical approaches for the treatment of movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Restoration, and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44122, USA. rezaia@ccf.org
authors.forename: Ali R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deogaonkar
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azmi
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubu
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Boulis
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000601:surgery*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000601:surgery; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014202:Tremor / Q000601:surgery