title: Dietary intake of carotenoids and retinol and endometrial cancer risk in an Italian case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide information on the relation between intake of carotenoids and retinol and endometrial cancer, since available data are inconsistent. Further, carotenoids other than beta-carotene have been rarely investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a multi-centric case-control study in various areas of Italy between 1992 and 2006 on 454 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer and 908 controls admitted to the same network of hospitals of cases for acute, non-neoplastic conditions. Intake of carotenoids and retinol was computed from a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. We adjusted for selected covariates, including energy intake, and calculated multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake, the ORs of endometrial cancer were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.48-0.99) for beta-carotene, 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45-0.94) for beta-cryptoxanthin, and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.41-0.85) for lutein plus zeaxanthin intake. No association emerged with retinol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI, 0.94-1.84), alpha-carotene (OR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.66-1.34), and lycopene (OR = 0.95, 95% CI, 0.68-1.34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support a favorable role of selected dietary carotenoids on endometrial cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. pelucchi@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelucchi
authors.forename: Luigino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parpinel
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giudice
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004034:Diet Surveys; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids