title: Nucleic acid sensing Toll-like receptors in dendritic cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune cells detecting microorganisms and linking innate and adaptive immunity. Various microorganism-derived components, including lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids, activate DCs through various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs can principally detect non-self-components, but nucleic acid components are peculiar in that self-derived nucleic acids can also stimulate PRRs. Thus, nucleic-acid-sensing PRRs can potentially cause autoimmune responses. This potential danger comes out in certain situations, and especially nucleic-acid-induced type I interferon production contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Here we review how DCs detect and respond to nucleic acid adjuvants and how self-derived nucleic acids can cause autoimmunity. Clarifying such mechanisms should contribute to the development of therapeutic manipulation for autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Host Defense, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Tsuneyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaisho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase