title: Unexpected effects of methylphenidate in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reflect decreases in core/secondary symptoms and physical complaints common to all children.
abstract: Abstract Hypotheses concerning unexpected, psychostimulant-related effects reported in previous studies were examined by separating behavioral/physical complaints highly specific to methylphenidate (MPH) from those that (a) may mimic core/secondary symptoms of the disorder, or (b) are commonly reported by unmedicated children in the general population. Sixty-five children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject (crossover) experimental design and received a placebo and four MPH doses in counterbalanced order following baseline assessment. Behavioral and physical complaints were significantly higher under baseline relative to placebo and the four immediate-release MPH conditions (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg) across three symptom categories: ADHD core/secondary symptoms; symptoms commonly reported in the general population, including unmedicated children with ADHD; and symptoms highly specific to MPH. No significant differences were found among active drug conditions. Past unexpected findings of psychostimulant effects in ADHD may be due to the inclusion of scale items that reflect core/secondary features of ADHD and normally occurring behavioral/physical complaints in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA. mrapport@mail.ucf.edu
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rapport
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Coiro
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Raiker
authors.forename: Dustin E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sarver
authors.forename: R Matt
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Alderson
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010829:Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate