title: Physical activity and insulin sensitivity: the RISC study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes, partly through its action on insulin sensitivity. We report the relation between insulin sensitivity and physical activity measured by accelerometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of 346 men and 455 women, aged 30-60 years, without cardiovascular disease and not treated by drugs for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or obesity. Participants were recruited in 18 clinical centers from 13 European countries. Insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Physical activity was recorded by accelerometry for a median of 6 days. We studied the relationship of insulin sensitivity with total activity (in counts per minute), percent of time spent sedentary, percent of time in light activity, and activity intensity (whether the participant recorded some vigorous or some moderate activity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both men and women, total activity was associated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.0001). Time spent sedentary, in light activity, and activity intensity was also associated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.0004/0.01, 0.002/0.03, and 0.02/0.004, respectively, for men/women) but lost significance once adjusted for total activity. Adjustment for confounders such as adiposity attenuated the relationship with total activity; there were no interactions with confounders. Even in the 25% most sedentary individuals, total activity was significantly associated with better insulin sensitivity (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accumulated daily physical activity is a major determinant of insulin sensitivity. Time spent sedentary, time spent in light-activity, and bouts of moderate or vigorous activity did not impact insulin sensitivity independently of total activity.
authors.affiliation: INSERM 780, Villejuif, University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. beverley.balkau@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkau
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mhamdi
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golay
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Porcellati
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laakso
authors.forename: Ele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrannini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose