title: Apparent wall thickening of cystic renal lesions on MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show that cystic renal lesions that would otherwise meet criteria for simple cysts can demonstrate perceptible walls or increased wall thickness on MRI, sometimes causing these lesions to be "upgraded." It was hypothesized that thickening of cyst walls on MRI can be artifactual, due to data truncation, applied filtering, and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
  
  
  METHODS
  k-Space data for a 4-cm cyst were created in a 40-cm field of view (FOV) (512 x 512 matrix). Additional data sets were created using the central 512 x 256 and 512 x 128 points. Noise was simulated so that the cyst SNR was approximately 7, 14, and 20, respectively. Actual wall thickness was set at 0.25 mm, and cyst:wall signal at 1:4. An inverse two-dimensional (2D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) yielded simulated images. A Fermi filter was applied to reduce ringing. Images/projections were examined for wall thickening. Seven patients with initially thick-walled cysts on fat-saturated spoiled gradient-echo (FS-SPGR) images were scanned with increasing resolution (256 x 128 and 256 x 256; four patients were also scanned with 512 x 512). Average wall thickness at each resolution was compared using a two-tailed paired Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulations showed apparent wall thickening at low resolution, improving with higher resolutions. Low SNR and application of the Fermi filter made it difficult to identify ringing as the cause of this thickening. The simulation results were confirmed on seven patients, whose cyst walls proved to be artifactually thickened (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thickening of cyst walls on MRI can be artifactual. Upon encountering thick-walled cystic renal lesions, high-resolution images can be acquired to exclude apparent thickening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. vikas@case.edu
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gulani
authors.forename: Saroja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adusumilli
authors.forename: Hero K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Alberto L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Isaac R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Noll
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging