Reclassifying heart failure: predominantly subendocardial, subepicardial, and transmural.
Recent innovations in imaging techniques have provided key mechanistic insights into the diverse phenotypic expressions of heart failure, with a wide range of potential applications to uncover the stages in progression of cardiac muscle dysfunction. This review proposes a new algorithm for exploring the spectrum of altered cardiac muscle mechanics in patients with heart failure.
Sengupta
Partho P
PP
Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
Narula
Jagat
J
D000465:Algorithms; D018450:Disease Progression; D004699:Endocardium; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium; D010496:Pericardium; D010641:Phenotype; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013577:Syndrome