title: Mild cognitive impairment in the general population: occurrence and progression to Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aims were to 1) detect the occurrence of three mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes in the general population; 2) identify cases of cognitive impairment which are not detected by current operational criteria for MCI and; 3) determine the predictive value of the subtypes for identifying future Alzheimer disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-year prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based Swedish study, the Kungsholmen Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred seventy-nine nondemented older adults aged 75-95.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard plus modified MCI criteria were applied at baseline. In the modified definitions, the requirement for normal general cognition was removed. A category for persons without MCI who had only global cognitive deficits was added. Three-year progression to AD was assessed (DSM-III-R criteria).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occurrence per 100 nondemented persons of MCI-amnestic, MCI-multidomains, and MCI-single-nonmemory was 2.1%, 1.8%, and 7.2%, respectively. When applying modified definitions for MCI-amnestic and MCI-multidomains, the occurrence almost doubled. Seven percent of the sample had impairment on a global cognitive task but performed at normal levels on all other domain-specific tasks. MCI-multidomains showed the highest progression to AD (hazard ratio [HR]: 23.6, 9.3-60.1). MCI-amnestic reached similar predictivity only when using the modified definition (HR: 17.9, 6.8-46.9). Even participants without MCI who had only global deficits had a ninefold risk of AD (HR: 9.1, 2.8-29.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-thirds of MCI-multidomains, but only half of MCI-amnestic progress to AD. The standard MCI criteria failed to identify those people with global cognitive deficits who have, however, a high risk of progressing to AD.
authors.affiliation: Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden. katie.palmer@ki.se
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bäckman
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fratiglioni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology