title: PMC42, a breast progenitor cancer cell line, has normal-like mRNA and microRNA transcriptomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of cultured cell lines as model systems for normal tissue is limited by the molecular alterations accompanying the immortalisation process, including changes in the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) repertoire. Therefore, identification of cell lines with normal-like expression profiles is of paramount importance in studies of normal gene regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of several breast cell lines of cancerous or normal origin were measured using printed slide arrays, Luminex bead arrays, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate that the mRNA expression profiles of two breast cell lines are similar to that of normal breast tissue: HB4a, immortalised normal breast epithelium, and PMC42, a breast cancer cell line that retains progenitor pluripotency allowing in-culture differentiation to both secretory and myoepithelial fates. In contrast, only PMC42 exhibits a normal-like miRNA expression profile. We identified a group of miRNAs that are highly expressed in normal breast tissue and PMC42 but are lost in all other cancerous and normal-origin breast cell lines and observed a similar loss in immortalised lymphoblastoid cell lines compared with healthy uncultured B cells. Moreover, like tumour suppressor genes, these miRNAs are lost in a variety of tumours. We show that the mechanism leading to the loss of these miRNAs in breast cancer cell lines has genomic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that, despite its neoplastic origin, PMC42 is an excellent molecular model for normal breast epithelium, providing a unique tool to study breast differentiation and the function of key miRNAs that are typically lost in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK. Anna.Git@cancer.org.uk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Git
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Spiteri
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blenkiron
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Jessica C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pole
authors.forename: Suet-Feung
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Yanzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Livesey
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldas
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D012343:RNA, Transfer