title: TIPIT: a randomised controlled trial of thyroxine in preterm infants under 28 weeks gestation: magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infants born at extreme prematurity are at high risk of developmental disability. A major risk factor for disability is having a low level of thyroid hormone described as hypothyroxinaemia, which is recognised to be a frequent phenomenon in these infants. Derangements of critical thyroid function during the sensitive window in prematurity when early development occurs, may have a range of long term effects for brain development. Further research in preterm infants using neuroimaging techniques will increase our understanding of the specificity of the effects of hypothyroxinaemia on the developing foetal brain. This is an explanatory double blinded randomised controlled trial which is aimed to assess the effect of thyroid hormone supplementation on brain size, key brain structures, extent of myelination, white matter integrity and vessel morphology, somatic growth and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a multi-centred double blinded randomised controlled trial of thyroid hormone supplementation in babies born below 28 weeks' gestation. All infants will receive either levothyroxine or placebo until 32 weeks corrected gestational age. The primary outcomes will be width of the sub-arachnoid space measured using cranial ultrasound and head circumference at 36 weeks corrected gestational age. The secondary outcomes will be thyroid hormone concentrations, the hypothalamic pituitary axis status and auxological data between birth and expected date of delivery; thyroid gland volume, brain size, volumes of key brain structures, extent of myelination and brain vessel morphology at expected date of delivery and markers of morbidity which include duration of mechanical ventilation and/or oxygen requirement and chronic lung disease. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN89493983.
authors.affiliation: School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. M.Ng@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sze M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Carrol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Didi
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malamateniou
authors.forename: Laura M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Parkes
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tietze
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sluming
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abernethy
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weindling
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine