title: The role of cross-racial/ethnic friendships in social adjustment.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and correlates of cross-racial/ethnic friendships. The sample consisted of 509 (188 African American, 135 European American, 106 Asian American, and 80 Latino) children in 4th grade from 39 classrooms in several public elementary schools. The authors hypothesized that (a) the frequency of cross-racial/ethnic friendships would be different across races/ethnicities and (b) these friendships would be uniquely associated with social adjustment (relational inclusion, leadership). Results showed that European American children displayed a higher frequency of cross-racial/ethnic friendships than African American children. Compared with the sample average, Latino children exhibited a lower frequency of these friendships. Further, findings revealed that children who formed cross-racial/ethnic friendships were more likely to be viewed as relationally inclusive and possessing leadership skills by teachers. Overall, the results showed that cross-racial/ethnic friendships were associated with positive developmental outcomes and that future studies that examine how these friendships are formed and maintained, and how these pathways are related to social adjustment, are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. kawa0044@umn.edu
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Nicki R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Crick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011287:Prejudice; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012933:Social Identification; D012963:Sociometric Techniques