A rush to judgment on Th17.
Some immunologists have characterized T helper (Th)17 T cells as the master mediators of tissue damage in a variety of pathological conditions. New data now demonstrate that Th1 and Th17 T cells are independently capable of inducing disease in two established models of autoimmunity. Thus, the role of Th17 cytokines as the central mediators of pathological tissue damage seems to require clarification.
Steinman
Lawrence
L
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and the Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. steinman@stanford.edu
D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005123:Eye / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000276:immunology; D010243:Paralysis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
D000906:Antibodies; D000941:Antigens; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D011506:Proteins; C034911:serum cancer-suppressive peptide, mouse; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse