title: The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study.
abstract: Observational and clinical studies suggest that high protein intake, particularly protein from plant sources, might reduce blood pressure (BP). To examine the association of dietary protein with BP, we analysed data from PREMIER, an 18-month clinical trial (n=810) that examined the effects of two multi-component lifestyle modifications on BP. We examined the association of protein intake with BP, and in particular the independent relationship of plant and animal protein with BP. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed with both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Dietary plant protein was inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP in cross-sectional analyses at the 6-month follow-up (P=0.0045 and 0.0096, respectively). Fruit and vegetable intake was also inversely associated with both systolic and diastolic BP cross-sectionally at 6 months (P=0.0003 and 0.0157, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, a high intake of plant protein at 6 months was marginally associated with a reduction of both systolic and diastolic BP from baseline to 6 months only (P=0.0797 and 0.0866, respectively), independent of change in body weight and waist circumference. Furthermore, increased intake of plant protein, and fruits and vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 but not at 18 months. Results of this study indicate that plant protein had a beneficial effect on BP and was associated with a lower risk of hypertension at 6 months. Our data, in conjunction with other research, suggest that an increased intake of plant protein may be useful as a means to prevent and treat hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Health and Productivity Management Program, Society of Health Risk Assessment and Control, Chinese Association of Preventive Medicine, 1202 Fortune International Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China. yanfang1225@gmail.com
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Yancy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Appel
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D015387:Egg Proteins, Dietary; D008894:Milk Proteins; D014674:Plant Proteins, Dietary