title: Trends and determinants of second-pregnancy smoking among young-adult mothers who smoked during their first pregnancy.
abstract: We examined the trends and determinants of second-pregnancy smoking behavior among Michigan young-adult mothers who smoked during their first pregnancy (N = 14,731). Maternally linked Michigan birth certificate data (1989-2004) were used to identify first and second pregnancies for young-adult mothers. ZIP code data were merged with census data to proxy for median household income and population size at the ZIP code level. For first-pregnancy smokers, linear and logistic regressions were used to analyze (a) the determinants of second-pregnancy smoking and (b) the association of birth outcomes with second-pregnancy smoking. Among young adults who smoked during their first pregnancy, second-pregnancy smoking was (a) inversely related to income and population, (b) less prevalent after 1997, (c) more likely after a low-birthweight first birth, and (d) less likely after a premature first birth. Despite recent declines in second-pregnancy smoking rates among young adults who smoked during their first pregnancy, these rates remain disturbingly high (more than 70%). Future smoking cessation efforts should target mothers who have lower incomes, live in less-populated areas, and have previously had low-birthweight babies. The results suggest that higher cigarettes taxes would also further reduce recurrent smoking.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Economics, Austin, TX 78712, USA. abrevaya@eco.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrevaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention