title: Pentraxin 3 in acute respiratory distress syndrome: an early marker of severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pentraxin 3 is a fluid phase receptor involved in innate immunity. It belongs to the Pentraxins family, as C-reactive protein does. Pentraxin 3 is produced by a variety of tissue cells, whereas only the liver produces C-reactive protein. Pentraxin 3 plays a unique role in the regulation of inflammation. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are characterized by an important inflammatory reaction. We investigated the role of pentraxin 3 as a marker of severity and outcome predictor of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured circulating pentraxin 3 and C-reactive protein levels within 24 hrs from intubation (day 1), after 24 hrs from the first sample, then every 3 days for the first month and then once a week, until discharge from the intensive care unit. Pentraxin 3 was also measured in bronchoalveolar lavages, performed when clinically indicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One university medical center general intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 21 patients affected by acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (1994 Consensus Conference criteria).
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pentraxin 3 plasma levels were high with a peak on the first day (median 71.05 ng/mL, interquartile range 52.37-117.38 ng/mL, normal values <2 ng/mL), declining thereafter. C-reactive protein peaked later and remained at relatively high values. Out of several day 1 parameters, pentraxin 3 was the only significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. Pentraxin 3 levels were positively correlated with lung injury score values (p < 0.001) and number of organ failures (p < 0.001). Pentraxin 3 was present in bronchoalveolar lavages fluids (5.03 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.52-8.48 ng/mL) and bronchoalveolar lavages positive to bacterial culture were associated with significantly higher pentraxin 3 values (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results presented here show that pentraxin 3 is elevated in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and that its levels correlate with parameters of lung injury and systemic involvement. The clinical and pathophysiological significance of pentraxin 3 in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome deserves further scrutiny.
authors.affiliation: General Intensive Care Unit, Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mauri
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppadoro
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellani
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bombino
authors.forename: Nicolo'
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patroniti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peri
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pesenti
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000099153:Pentraxins
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D000099153:Pentraxins