title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, MS-275, in patients with refractory solid tumors and lymphomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity profile, pharmacologic, and biological properties of 3-pyridylmethyl N-{4-[(2-aminophenyl)carbamoyl]benzyl}carbamate (MS-275), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, when administered orally on three different dosing schedules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced solid malignancies and lymphomas were treated on three dose schedules: once every other week, twice weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days, and once weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days. First-cycle plasma pharmacokinetics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell histone acetylation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients received > or =149 courses of treatment. Hypophosphatemia and asthenia were dose limiting on the weekly and twice-weekly dosing schedules; there was no dose-limiting toxicity on the every other week schedule. Pharmacokinetic variables revealed dose-dependent and dose-proportional increases. Two of 27 patients showed partial remissions, including one patient with metastatic melanoma who had a partial response and has remained on study for >5 years. Six patients showed prolonged disease stabilization. Levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased qualitatively but with a high degree of interpatient variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS-275 is well tolerated at doses up to 6 mg/m(2) every other week or 4 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of rest and results in biologically relevant plasma concentrations and antitumor activity. Twice-weekly dosing was not tolerable due to asthenia, and further evaluation of this schedule was halted. The recommended dose for further disease-focused studies is 4 mg/m(2) given weekly for 3 weeks every 28 days or 2 to 6 mg/m(2) given once every other week.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA. lia.gore@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Mace L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rothenberg
authors.forename: Cindy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: O'Bryant
authors.forename: Mary Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coffin
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schott
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: S Gail
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Eckhardt
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C118739:entinostat