title: Analysis of consultants' NHS and private incomes in England in 2003/4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consultants employed by the NHS in England are allowed to undertake private practice to supplement their NHS income. Until the introduction of a new contract from October 2003, those employed on full-time contracts were allowed to earn private incomes no greater than 10% of their NHS income. In this paper we investigate the magnitude and determinants of consultants' NHS and private incomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative analysis of financial data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unique, anonymized, non-disclosive dataset derived from tax returns for a sample of 24,407 consultants (92.3% of the total) in England for the financial year 2003/4.
  
  
  METHODS
  The conditional mean total, NHS and private incomes earned by age group, type of contract, specialty and region of place of work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean annual total, NHS and private incomes across all consultants in 2003/4 were pound 110,773, pound 76,628 and pound 34,144, respectively. Incomes varied by age, type of contract, specialty and region of place of work. The ratio of mean private to NHS income for consultants employed on a full-time contract was 0.26. The mean private income across specialties ranged from pound 5,144 (for paediatric neurology) to pound 142,723 (plastic surgery). There was a positive association between mean private income and NHS waiting lists across specialties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consultants employed on full-time contracts on average exceeded the limits on private income stipulated by the 10% rule. Specialty is a more important determinant of income than the region in which the consultant works. Further work is required to explore the association between mean private income and waiting lists.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConnachie
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skåtun
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004470:Economics, Medical; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011331:Private Practice / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013038:Specialization; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014850:Waiting Lists; D016526:Workload / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data