title: Temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2007.
abstract: The main objective of the present investigation is to study the temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test showed significant spatial variations and interactions of spatial-temporal among five mobile monitoring stations for 11 air pollutants. The Mann Whitney (MW) test demonstrated the seasonality of spring over winter for the PM(10), PM(2.5), NO(2), CO and p-xylene, the seasonality of winter over spring for O(3), and no significant seasonal variation for NH(3), benzene, SO(2), toluene and H(2)S. It is concluded that emissions from automobile exhaust, industrial and developmental projects are responsible for the spatial air pollution, and that air temperature is the controlling factor for the seasonal variations.
authors.affiliation: Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife, PO Box 32657, Isa Town, Kingdom of Bahrain. shakerk@env.gov.bh
authors.forename: S A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khamdan
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Al Madany
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buhussain
mesh_terms: D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001445:Bahrain; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis; D014992:Xylenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D014992:Xylenes; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D001554:Benzene; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide