title: Neurologic disorders are prevalent in HIV-positive outpatients in the Asia-Pacific region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A total of 8.3 million HIV-positive people live in the Asia-Pacific region. The burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic sensory neuropathy in this region is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2005 and March 2006, we undertook a cross-sectional study at 10 sentinel sites within eight Asia-Pacific countries to determine the prevalence of moderate to severe HIV-related neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic sensory neuropathy. We clinically assessed and administered sensitive neuropsychological and peripheral neuropathy screening tools to 658 patients infected with HIV. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 76 patients (11.7%) (95% CI 9.3-14.2) were significantly neurocognitively impaired, 235 patients (36.4%) (95% CI 32.7-40.2) were depressed, and 126 patients (19.7%) (95% CI 16.6-22.8) had either definite or probable symptomatic sensory neuropathy; 63% of this last group had exposure to stavudine, didanosine, or zalcitabine. Several potential confounders including depression (OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.88-2.51, p = 0.11) and prior CNS AIDS illness (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.50-2.89, p = 0.54) were not significantly associated with neurocognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 12% of patients had moderate to severe HIV-related neurocognitive impairment, 20% of patients had symptomatic sensory neuropathy, and 36% of patients had evidence of depression. This study provides a broad regional estimate of the burden of HIV-related neurologic disease and depression in the Asia-Pacific region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. e.wright@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: B
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authors.lastname: Brew
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Arayawichanont
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authors.lastname: Robertson
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authors.lastname: Samintharapanya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kongsaengdao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vonthanak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarim
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authors.lastname: Huffam
authors.forename: P
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authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamarulzaman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tau
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wesselingh
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010139:Pacific Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents