title: Esophageal function worsens with long duration of diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the duration of diabetes and esophageal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 66 patients with type 2 diabetes. Duration of diabetes was determined by asking patients and from their medical records. The patients were divided into three groups according to the duration of their diabetes: group A, 1-4 years, n=26; group B, 5-9 years, n=20; and group C, 10+ years, n=20. Ambulatory esophageal 24-h pH and motility were monitored, and gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motility disorders were estimated in detail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the duration of diabetes was long, the percentage of time with pH<4 tended to increase. The amplitude of esophageal peristaltic waves and the frequency of effective peristalsis were reduced when the duration of diabetes was long. A significant correlation was observed between the duration of diabetes and the frequency of effective peristalsis. The number of esophageal peristaltic waves per minute and the percentage of multipeaked peristaltic waves increased significantly in group B, and decreased when the duration of diabetes became longer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motility disorders worsened with long duration of diabetes. These esophageal dysfunctions should be considered in patients with long-standing diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, 761-0793, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kinekawa
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tomie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors