title: Does increased local bone resorption secondary to breast and prostate cancer result in increased cartilage degradation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast and prostate cancer patients often develop lesions of locally high bone turnover, when the primary tumor metastasizes to the bone causing an abnormal high bone resorption at this site. The objective of the present study was to determine whether local increased bone turnover in breast and prostate cancer patients is associated with an increase in cartilage degradation and to test in vitro whether osteoclasts or cathepsin K alone generate CTXII from human bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 132 breast and prostate cancer patient, where presence of bone metastases was graded according to the Soloway score. Total bone resorption (CTXItotal) and cartilage degradation (CTXII) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast and prostate cancer patients with bone metastases revealed significant increased levels of CTXItotal at Soloway scores 1 and higher compared to patients without bone metastases (p < 0.001). CTXII was statistically elevated at score 3 and 4 (p < 0.01). CTXII/CTXItotal significantly decreased at score 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). Levels of CTXItotal, CTXII and CTXII/CTXItotal changed +900%, +130%, and -90%, respectively at Soloway score 4 compared to score 0. The in vitro experiments revealed that osteoclasts released CTXI fragments but not CTXII from bone specimens. The same was observed for cathepsin K.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that an uncoupling between bone resorption and cartilage degradation occurs in breast and lung cancer patient.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730 Herlev, Denmark. djl@nordicbioscience.com
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Leeming
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Byrjalsen
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Qvist
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lynnerup
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fregerslev
authors.forename: Mette G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Morten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karsdal
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D056657:Cathepsin K; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024043:Collagen Type II; D002403:Cathepsins; C534130:CTSK protein, human; D056657:Cathepsin K