title: The deubiquitinating enzyme ataxin-3, a polyglutamine disease protein, edits Lys63 linkages in mixed linkage ubiquitin chains.
abstract: Ubiquitin chain complexity in cells is likely regulated by a diverse set of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) with distinct ubiquitin chain preferences. Here we show that the polyglutamine disease protein, ataxin-3, binds and cleaves ubiquitin chains in a manner suggesting that it functions as a mixed linkage, chain-editing enzyme. Ataxin-3 cleaves ubiquitin chains through its amino-terminal Josephin domain and binds ubiquitin chains through a carboxyl-terminal cluster of ubiquitin interaction motifs neighboring the pathogenic polyglutamine tract. Ataxin-3 binds both Lys(48)- or Lys(63)-linked chains yet preferentially cleaves Lys(63) linkages. Ataxin-3 shows even greater activity toward mixed linkage polyubiquitin, cleaving Lys(63) linkages in chains that contain both Lys(48) and Lys(63) linkages. The ubiquitin interaction motifs regulate the specificity of this activity by restricting what can be cleaved by the protease domain, demonstrating that linkage specificity can be determined by elements outside the catalytic domain of a DUB. These findings establish ataxin-3 as a novel DUB that edits topologically complex chains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA.
authors.forename: Brett J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Winborn
authors.forename: Sue M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Sokol V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Todi
authors.forename: K Matthew
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Scaglione
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Aislinn J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Junmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Henry L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Paulson
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D000067699:Ataxin-3; D020739:Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D020271:Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; C097188:polyglutamine; C092341:ATXN3 protein, human; D000067699:Ataxin-3; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase