title: Prevalence of prostate cancer in end-stage renal disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to assess the prevalence of prostate cancer in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by a large-scale, multicentric and prospective study, and to show the difference between ESRD patients and normal healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was measured in 724 male ESRD patients undergoing dialysis. Those patients whose serum PSA level was over 4.0 ng/ml underwent a second screening test. After diagnosis, the prevalence of prostate cancer was subsequently calculated following adjustments by logistic-regression analysis. The prevalence of prostate cancer was also assessed in three control groups who had undergone health checks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients was found to be 1.4%. Those of the control groups (after correction for age) were 0.4, 1.4 and 0.8%. The odds ratios were 3.49, 0.96 and 1.71.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients was equal or higher compared with that of normal healthy subjects. The result strongly indicates that the use of the serum PSA assay contributes to the early detection of prostate cancer in ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tkamata.hci@tnd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Kiyohide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fushimi
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen