title: Characterization of Candida species isolated from cases of lower respiratory tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To identify and characterize the Candida species isolates from lower respiratory tract infection. (2) to determine the rate of isolation of Candida species from sputum samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal from June 2002 to January 2003. A total of 462 sputum samples were collected from patients suspected lower respiratory tract infection. The samples were processed as Gram staining to find out the suitability of the specimen, cultured on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA) and also on blood agar and chocolate agar to identify the potential lower respiratory tract pathogens. For the identification of Candida, sputum samples were processed for Gram stain, culture, germ tube test, production of chlamydospore, sugar fermentation and assimilation test. For the identification of bacteria, Gram stain, culture, and biochemical tests were performed by standardized procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 462 samples, 246 (53.24%) samples grew potential pathogens of lower respiratory tract. Among them Haemophilus influenzae 61(24.79%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae 57 (23.17%) were the predominant bacterial pathogens. Candida species were isolated from 30 samples (12.2%). The majority of Candida species amongst the Candida isolates were Candida albicans 21(70%) followed by Candida tropicalis 4(13.33%). Candida krusei 3(10%), Candida parapsilosis 1(3.33%) and Candida stellatoidea 1(3.33%). The highest rate of isolation of Candida was between the age of 71 and 80.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candida isolation from sputum samples is important as found in the present study in which Candida species were the third most common pathogen isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences(MCOMS), Pokhara, Nepal. bijaykjha@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tamang
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Joshy
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Shivananda
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Brahmadatan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications