title: Issues in stinging insect allergy immunotherapy: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of insect allergy by desensitization still continues to present with some unanswered questions. This review will focus mainly on articles that have dealt with these issues in the past 2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the publication in 2007 of Allergen Immunotherapy: a practice parameter second update, many of the key issues were reviewed and summarized. Other recent studies deal with omalizumab pretreatment of patients with systemic mastocytosis and very severe allergic reactions to immunotherapy. It would appear that venom immunotherapy is somewhat unique compared to inhalant allergen immunotherapy in that premedication prior to rush protocols may not be necessary and that intervals of therapy may be longer than with allergen immunotherapy. The use of concomitant medications such as beta-blockers may be indicated in special situations. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors can be stopped temporarily before venom injections to prevent reactions. The issue of when to discontinue immunotherapy remains unsettled and should be individualized to patient requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newest revision of the Immunotherapy Parameters provides much needed information concerning successful treatment with immunotherapy of Hymenoptera-sensitive patients.
authors.affiliation: St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10022, USA. drfinegold@aol.com
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finegold
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000075202:Contraindications; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D006927:Hymenoptera; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D034721:Mastocytosis, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069444:Omalizumab; D028761:Withholding Treatment
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001180:Arthropod Venoms; D019476:Insect Proteins; D000069444:Omalizumab