title: Range-wide phylogeographic analysis of the spotted frog complex (Rana luteiventris and Rana pretiosa) in northwestern North America.
abstract: The dynamic geological and climatic history of northwestern North America has made it a focal region for phylogeography. We conducted a range-wide phylogeographic analysis of the spotted frog complex (Rana luteiventris and Rana pretiosa) across its range in northwestern North America to understand its evolutionary history and the distribution of clades to inform conservation of R. pretiosa and Great Basin R. luteiventris, candidates for listing under the US Endangered Species Act. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data from a segment of the cytochrome b gene were obtained from 308 R. luteiventris and R. pretiosa from 96 sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed one main R. pretiosa clade and three main R. luteiventris clades, two of which overlapped in southeastern Oregon. The three R. luteiventris clades were separated from each other by high levels of sequence divergence (average of 4.75-4.97%). Two divergent clades were also uncovered within the Great Basin. Low genetic variation in R. pretiosa and the southeastern Oregon clade of R. luteiventris suggests concern about their vulnerability to extinction.
authors.affiliation: US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. chris.funk@colostate.edu
authors.forename: W Chris
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pearl
authors.forename: Hope M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Draheim
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D009656:North America; D010802:Phylogeny; D011898:Ranidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b