title: The prognostic value of long-term ambulatory electroencephalography in antiepileptic drug reduction in adults with learning disability and epilepsy in long-term remission.
abstract: We determined the additional yield of ambulatory over routine electroencephalography recordings in predicting seizure recurrence after antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in 15 adult patients with various epilepsy syndromes who had been seizure free for at least 3 years (median=10 years). Eleven of 15 patients (74%) relapsed during or after AED withdrawal. All six patients with epileptiform discharges on ambulatory electroencephalography prior to AED withdrawal relapsed, compared with five of nine patients without epileptiform discharges. Ambulatory electroencephalography significantly increases the yield in detecting epileptiform discharges (n=6) compared with routine electroencephalography (n=1). A negative electroencephalographic finding is only a poor predictor of seizure freedom following AED withdrawal. On clinical grounds, our data suggest that patients with epilepsy, learning disability, and other known risk factors (history of abnormal EEGs and frequent seizures, abnormal MRI) are at great risk of seizure relapse during AED taper, irrespective of very long periods of seizure freedom.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, UCL, National Society for Epilepsy MRI Unit, Queen Square, Chesham Lane, Chalfont St. Peter, Gerrards Cross, Bucks, London SL9 0RJ, UK. mkoepp@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matthias J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koepp
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Shelagh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants