title: Comparison of outcome and recurrence-free survival after sentinel lymph node biopsy and lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lymph node status is an important prognostic factor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva. Complete inguinofemoral lymph node dissection (ILND) is accompanied by a high morbidity. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was established for less invasive lymph node (LN) staging. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety of SLNB in terms of accuracy and outcome in a clinical routine setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who underwent SLNB and/or ILND for vulvar SCC in the years 1990-2007. Clinical follow-up was evaluated for histological nodal-negative patients with tumor stage T1 or T2. The false negative rate of SLNB was determined in patients who underwent both SLNB and ILND.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) visualization by scintigraphy was successful in 95% of all patients. SLNB was false negative in 1/45 inguinae (2.2%). All SLN were detected intraoperatively. During the follow-up period (median 24 months for SLNB and 111 months for ILND), no groin recurrences in initially nodal negative patients occurred (n=34, 59 inguinae). Transient lymph edema occurred in 7/18 patients after ILND (39%) and 2/16 patients (13%) after SLNB. No persistent edemas were found after SLNB and ILND.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our experience SLNB is feasible and accurately predicts LN status of vulvar SCC under clinical routine conditions. SLNB in vulvar cancer seems to be a safe alternative to ILND in order to reduce morbidity of surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johann
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klaeser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid