title: Consistent control of mineral and bone disorder in incident hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In 2003, the National Kidney Foundation introduced guidelines for the control of parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study was conducted of 22,937 incident hemodialysis patients who were identified from a large national provider between July 1, 2000, and June 30, 2002, and followed through June 30, 2004. Consistent achievement was determined (1) as the simultaneous control of multiple markers over time and (2) as the time in target for each marker during the first year of dialysis. Mortality risk was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the simultaneous control analysis, patients who achieved target for none of the markers had a 51% greater risk for death than those who achieved target for all three markers (reference group). Patients who achieved any target for any single marker had a 35 to 39% higher risk for death, and patients who achieved target for any two of the three markers had a 15 to 21% higher risk for death compared with the reference group. In the time in target analysis, patients with parathyroid hormone in target for 4 quarters had a 25% lower risk for death compared with those who did so for <or=1 quarter (reference group). Patients with calcium in target for 4 quarters had a 14% lower risk, and patients with phosphorus in target for 4 quarters had a 38% lower risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent control of the markers of bone metabolism and disease within published targets is a strong predictor of survival in hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Outcomes Insights, Inc., Newbury Park, California, USA. mark@outins.com
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Danese
authors.forename: Vasily
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belozeroff
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smirnakis
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rothman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium