title: Residential detoxification: essential for marginalised, severely alcohol- and drug-dependent individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an era of health care rationalisation, residential detoxification services catering for drug- and alcohol-dependent homeless people are being closed. The principal findings of a recent evaluation of a non-medicated residential detoxification service are presented. The aims were to describe the characteristics of residents, their experience of admission, rates of withdrawal completion, referral patterns, staff and key informant perceptions of the service and its role within the wider treatment system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A process evaluation was utilised incorporating interviews with residents (n = 80) and key informants (n = 13); a survey of all service staff (n = 10); and demographic and clinical data for all residents (n = 392) admitted over one calendar year. Results. Residents were heavily substance-dependent and marginalised, with many exhibiting substantial mental and physical health impairments. Polydrug use and frequent prior engagement with drug and alcohol services were common. The majority completed withdrawal and were referred to further treatment. Residents who presented for heroin and other opiate withdrawal were more likely than other residents to leave before completing treatment (odds ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval 1.48 - 4.15). Information from key informants, service staff and residents converged in underscoring the important role performed by the service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Out-patient detoxification for homeless and severely drug- and alcohol-dependent populations is unrealistic. For this group, access to residential detoxification is vital as it provides an environment where potentially serious medical and psychological complications can be managed. There continues to be a clear role for supervised withdrawal in such a setting.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. e.silins@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silins
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sannibale
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larney
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wodak
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012114:Residential Treatment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome