title: Incidence of invasive ureaplasma in VLBW infants: relationship to severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As Ureaplasmas may be pathogens in preterm infants, this study was conducted to determine the incidence of invasive disease with Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum and the relationship with adverse outcomes in a prospective cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was extracted from the cord or venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from 313 VLBW infants. PCR was performed using primers for the mba gene to detect all 14 serovars and then repeated for all positive samples using species-specific primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ureaplasma species were detected in serum and/or CSF samples from 74 of 313 (23.6%) infants. U. parvum was the predominant species (70%). Presence of Ureaplasma was significantly associated with elevated interleukin-1beta in cord blood (odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 1.05 to 6.45, P=0.039). Ureaplasma serum-positive infants had a 2.3-fold increased risk of intraventicular hemorrhage > or =grade 3 (OR 2.50; 1.06 to 5.89, P=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive Ureaplasma occurs commonly in VLBW infants and may increase the risk for severe intraventricular hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. rviscard@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viscardi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: C-C J
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Fairchild
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000382:microbiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D010920:Placenta / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014509:Ureaplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016869:Ureaplasma Infections / Q000150:complications*