title: Antinociceptive, hypoglycemic and spasmolytic effects of Brickellia veronicifolia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brickellia veronicifolia (Kunth) Gray (Asteraceae) (BV) is broadly commercialized for treating gastrointestinal diseases (stomach aches, biliary colics and dyspepsia), arthritis, diabetes and painful inflammatory complaints.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In order to complete the preclinical pharmacological profile of BV, first the antinociceptive effect of an organic extract (BVE) and isolated metabolites on the hot plate and writhing tests was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Then, their potential hypoglycemic effects were analyzed in normoglycemic and diabetic rats; in addition, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Finally, the spasmolytic activity of BVE was assessed in vivo using the gastrointestinal motility test (GMT) in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that BVE (100-600 mg/kg), 6-methoxysalicylic acid (1), 2-methoxybenzoic acid (2), benzyl-2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (3), and taraxasteryl acetate (4) showed significant analgesic effects. Compounds 2 and 3 were the most active (1-100mg/kg) in the hot plate and writhing tests, respectively. In the antidiabetic assays, BVE (100mg/kg) showed an important hypoglycemic action. Furthermore, at the same dose, it provoked a significant postprandial decrease of blood glucose level after 30 min of a glucose challenge. Finally, the GMT in mice revealed the spasmolytic activity in vivo of BVE (31.6 mg/kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall information tends to support the vernacular uses of the plant.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Palacios-Espinosa
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Déciga-Campos
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mata
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010936:Plant Extracts