title: SPINK1 and PRSS1 mutations in benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether mutations in SPINK1/PRSS1 genes are associated with benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight subjects with BPH (including 13 familial cases) were studied. In all, we sequenced germline DNA for all the exons and intro-exon boundaries of PRSS1 and SPINK1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (13.2%) of the 68 subjects harbored PRSS1 or SPINK1 mutations. As to PRSS1, no hereditary pancreatitis-associated variant was detected, whereas previously undescribed mutations (p.Ala148Val and c.40+1G>A) were respectively found in 2 subjects (2.9%). SPINK1 mutations were detected in 7 subjects (10.3%). Five of them exhibited known mutations (3 p.Asn34Ser, 1 p.Pro55Ser, and 1 c.88-23A>T), whereas 2 had a newly found variant (p.Arg67Gly and c.*32C>T, respectively). Only 2 familial BPH, belonging to 2 different families, were found to carry a mutation (1 with p.Ala148Val for PRSS1 and 1 with p.Asn34Ser for SPINK1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No known mutations of PRSS1 have been found in BPH, whereas the frequency of known SPINK1 variants is similar to that reported in the general population. No segregation of PRSS1/SPINK1 variants occurs in BPH families. Benign pancreatic hyperenzymemia cannot be explained by mutations in genes whose variants are known to be associated with pancreatitis or by mutations in other PRSS1/SPINK1 genes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. lucio.gullo@unibo.it
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gullo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laghi
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lucrezio
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Vilma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bastagli
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pezzilli
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malesci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D007517:Isoamylase / Q000097:blood; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome; D014357:Trypsin; D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C486642:SPINK1 protein, human; D014359:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kazal Pancreatic; D014362:Trypsinogen; D008049:Lipase; C518354:PNLIP protein, human; D000681:Amylases; D007517:Isoamylase; C489303:PRSS1 protein, human; D014357:Trypsin