title: Electrophysiological response and attraction of emerald ash borer to green leaf volatiles (GLVs) emitted by host foliage.
abstract: Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) function as host attractants, pheromone synergists, or sexual kairomones for a number of coleopteran folivores. Hence, we focused on host GLVs to determine if they were attractive to adults of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), which feeds on ash (Fraxinus) foliage. Eight GLVs were identified by chromatography-electroantennogram (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry in foliar headspace volatiles collected in traps containing Super-Q from white ash, Fraxinus americana, and green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, trees. GLVs in the aeration extracts elicited antennal responses from both male and female adults in gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection bioassays. Male antennae were more responsive than female antennae and showed the strongest response to (Z)-3-hexenol. Six field experiments were conducted in Canada and the USA from 2004 to 2006 to evaluate the attractiveness of candidate GLVs, in various lure combinations and dosages. Field experiments demonstrated that lures containing (Z)-3-hexenol were the most effective in increasing trap catch when placed on purple traps in open areas or along the edges of woodlots containing ash. Lures with (Z)-3-hexenol were more attractive to males than females, and dosage may be a factor determining its effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Pdegroot@NRCAN.gc.ca
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Therese M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Poland
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scharbach
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: Reginald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nott
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pitt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D031661:Fraxinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000441:Hexanols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012737:Sex Factors; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000441:Hexanols; C051918:3-hexen-1-ol