title: Surface modification of In-Ceram Zirconia ceramic by Nd:YAG laser, Rocatec system, or aluminum oxide sandblasting and its bond strength to a resin cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between In-Ceram Zirconia ceramic and Panavia Fluoro Cement.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although several surface treatments have been used on In-Ceram Zirconia, no study has been conducted to investigate the effect of the Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine In-Ceram Zirconia blocks (10 x 10 x 6 mm) received three different surface treatments (n = 3 per group): group 1-Al2O3 sandblasting + silane; group 2-Al2O3 sandblasting + Rocatec Plus + silane; and group 3-Al2O3 sandblasting + Nd:YAG laser + silane. Resin cement was applied and light-cured, followed by the application of composite resin. The blocks were sectioned to obtain square rods with a cross-sectional dimension of 1.0 mm2 (n = 12 per group). Microtensile bond strength (muTBS) was recorded using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min and expressed in megapascals (MPa).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups yielded statistically significantly different muTBS mean values: group 1 (11.81 +/- 3.12 MPa); group 2 (15.75 +/- 4.45 MPa); group 3 (18.70 +/- 5.14 MPa) (ANOVA and Tukey's test; alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nd:YAG laser irradiation is an effective surface treatment for bonding between In-Ceram Zirconia and Panavia Fluoro Cement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. anasporh@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spohr
authors.forename: Gilberto Antonio
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique Burnett
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Júnior
authors.forename: Eduardo Gonçalves
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Hugo Mitsuo Silva
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oshima
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: C485633:In-Ceram Zirconia; D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D000537:Aluminum Oxide