title: Disulfide-containing peptides from the glandular skin secretions of froglets of the genus Crinia: structure, activity and evolutionary trends.
abstract: The skin secretions of Crinia signifera, C. riparia and C. deserticola contain bioactive disulfide-containing peptides. Signiferin 1 (RLCIPYIIPC-OH) from C. signifera and C. deserticola) contracts smooth muscle at a concentration of 10(-9) M, and effects proliferation of lymphocytes at 10(-6) M. In contrast, riparin 1.1 (RLCIPVIFC-OH) and riparin 1.2 (FLPPCAYKGTC-OH) from C. riparia show lymphocyte activity but do not contract smooth muscle. The lymphocyte and smooth muscle activities involve CCK2R. 3D structures of signiferin 1 and riparin 1.1 have been established using 2D NMR methods: these studies show significant differences in the shapes of the disulfide rings and with the orientations of the N-terminal residues. cDNA cloning establishes that the pre sections of the precursor pre-pro-riparin 1.4-1.6 peptides are different from the conserved pre regions of disulfide-containing antimicrobial peptides from species of the genus Rana found in the northern hemisphere and caerin antimicrobial peptides isolated from Australian tree frogs of the genus Litoria. This suggests that (i) either that riparins 1 have converged to similar structure and function to the ranid and hyloid prepropeptides which were lost initially from the myobatrachid lineage, or (ii) the prepropeptides in all three groups were derived from a single ancestral form that has remained relatively conserved in the hyloid and ranoid lineages but has undergone substantial divergent evolution in the myobatrachids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jackway
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pukala
authors.forename: Vita M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Maselli
authors.forename: Ian F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Musgrave
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bowie
authors.forename: Yanqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Katharina H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Surinya-Johnson
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Donnellan
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Lyndon E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Llewellyn
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tyler
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001001:Anura / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004220:Disulfides; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010455:Peptides; C000593717:riparin 1.1 peptide, Crinia riparia; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I