title: Efficient clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus in murine lungs by an ultrashort antimicrobial lipopeptide, palmitoyl-lys-ala-DAla-lys.
abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The inefficiency of antifungal agents and high mortality rate resulting from invasive aspergillosis remain major clinical concerns. Recently, we reported on a new family of ultrashort cationic lipopeptides active in vitro against fungi. Mode of action studies supported a membranolytic or a detergent-like effect. Here, we screened several lipopeptides in vitro for their anti-A. fumigatus activity. To investigate the therapeutic properties of the selected peptides in vivo, we challenged immunosuppressed C57BL/6 wild-type mice intranasally with DsRed-labeled A. fumigatus conidia and subsequently treated the animals locally with the lipopeptides. Confocal microscopic analysis revealed the degradation of DsRed-labeled hyphal forms and residual conidia in the lungs of the mice. The most efficient peptide was tested further using a survival assay and was found to significantly prolong the life of the treated animals, whereas no mice survived with the current standard antifungal treatment with amphotericin B. Moreover, as opposed to the drug-treated lungs, the peptide-treated lungs did not display any toxicity of the peptide. Our results highlight the potential of this family of lipopeptides for the treatment of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vallon-Eberhard
authors.forename: Arik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makovitzki
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beauvais
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Latgé
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010455:Peptides