title: Evaluation of two automated instruments for pre-transfusion testing: AutoVue Innova and Techno TwinStation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the advances in total laboratory automation, a considerable amount of work in blood banks is still done using outdated manual methods. Some automated pre-transfusion testing instruments have recently been developed. Of these, we evaluated and compared the AutoVue Innova (Ortho, USA) and the Techno TwinStation (DiaMed AG, Switzerland).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forward and reverse ABO/Rh typing and unexpected antibody screening and identification tests were performed on 4,628 samples using the manual method and the two automated instruments. Two different anticoagulants (EDTA and citrate) were compared in ABO/Rh typing and unexpected antibody screening tests. Titrating studies were conducted on the following 7 dilutions using 5 samples of irregular antibodies with anti-E, anti-E & -c, anti-D, and anti-Le(a) with anti-Fy(a): 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, and 1:128. The test throughput per hour, the time required to perform 1 and 100 tests, and a simulation test for total events occurring in 1 day were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No erroneous results were reported between the two instruments and the manual method. Discrepancies observed in 10 cases (0.4%) of ABO/Rh typing were of higher intensity with AutoVue Innova than with the manual method. AutoVue Innova exhibited the highest sensitivity in the titrating study and throughput performance compared with the manual method and the Techno TwinStation. Especially in the throughput and time required to complete 100 antibody screening tests, AutoVue Innova had a 3.3- and 3.5-fold higher performance, respectively, than Techno TwinStation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because both of the two fully automated instruments (AutoVue Innova and Techno TwinStation) had high levels of accuracy and performance, it is expected that use of fully automated instruments will reduce human labor, turnaround time, and operator error in the blood bank.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: So Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kye Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sun Hoe
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Jong Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chi Seon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Jeong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000097:blood; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D001331:Automation; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000906:Antibodies; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System