title: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and calbindin-containing neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutamatergic modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons via the NR2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the cerebral cortex contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Previously, we found that, in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACCx), the number of GABA cells that expressed the messenger RNA (mRNA) for the NMDA NR2A subunit was significantly decreased in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and that this decrease occurred most prominently in layer 2. In this study, we hypothesized that the subset of GABA interneurons that contained the calcium-binding protein calbindin (CB), by virtue of their preferential localization to layer 2, might be particularly affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  We simultaneously labeled the mRNA for the NMDA NR2A subunit with [(35)S] and the mRNA for CB with digoxigenin with an immunoperoxidase procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that, in the normal human ACCx, only approximately 10% of all CB-containing cells expressed NR2A mRNA. However, compared with the normal control subjects and subjects with bipolar disorder, the density of CB+/NR2A+ neurons in layer 2 was increased by 41% to 44 % in subjects with schizophrenia, whereas the amount of NR2A mRNA/CB+ neurons was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that, in schizophrenia, a number of CB-containing cells that normally do not express NR2A might become NR2A-expressing or, perhaps not mutually exclusively, the number of CB-expressing cells might be increased and these cells express NR2A. The findings of this study highlight the notion that glutamatergic innervation of subsets of GABA cells might be differentially altered in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA. mail: wwoo@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Tsung-Ung W
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Dorian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Minns
authors.forename: Francine M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Benes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001345:Autoradiography; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D064026:Calbindins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G