[Genetic diversity and phylogeographic distribution of SIV: how to understand the origin of HIV].
Emergence of human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 results from interspecies transmission from simian viruses SIV. SIVcpzPtt infecting chimpanzees, and from which the HIV-1 (subgroups M and N) is derived is still found in the Pan troglodytes troglodytes population of south Cameroon chimpanzees. The ancestor of HIV-1 group O, is found in the Gorilla residing in Western Africa, but chimpanzees are in fact the initial reservoir of the SIV viruses SIVgor, and it is still unclear whether the group O HIV-1 has been transmitted to humans by gorillas and/or chimpanzees. At least eight interspecies transmissions between and humans implicating SIVsmm (from sooty mangabey monkeys) have occurred, corresponding to the eight VIH-2 groups. Since habits of hunting and meat preparation in the bush still persistently expose humans in Africa to SIV infection, new interspecies transmission of these viruses remains a possibility.
Peeters
Martine
M
UMR 145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France. martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr
Chaix
Marie-Laure
ML
Delaporte
Eric
E
D000818:Animals; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates