title: Children developing type 1 diabetes before 6 years of age have increased linear growth independent of HLA genotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High birthweight and increased childhood growth are risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Relative birthweight is associated with HLA genotypes that confer a high risk of diabetes. Our aims were to test whether young children prior to clinical onset of type 1 diabetes have increased: (1) birthweight or birth length standard deviation scores (SDS); (2) height development SDS; or (3) BMI SDS during first 18 months of life and whether these parameters are related to HLA genotypes or mid-parental height (MPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Birthweight, birth length, weight and height were obtained from 58 type 1 diabetes children and 155 controls matched for HLA or not in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Birth length SDS corrected for MPH was increased in children developing diabetes compared with all (p < 0.048) and with non-HLA- (p < 0.050) but not with HLA-matched controls. Children developing diabetes had increased height gain at 0 to 18 months of age (p < 0.005). Diabetic children were significantly taller from 6 to 18 months of age when correcting for MPH compared with non-HLA-matched as well as HLA-matched controls, but BMI was not increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Birth length SDS was associated with diabetes risk HLA. When corrected for MPH, children developing diabetes were taller at birth than non-HLA- but not taller than HLA-matched controls. Diabetic children had increased MPH-corrected height up to 18 months of age compared with both HLA- and non-HLA-matched controls. High-risk HLA affects prenatal growth, but other factors may explain the increased postnatal linear growth in children developing diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö-Paediatrics, University Hospital MAS, Ing. 72 Hus 91, Plan 10, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden. helena.larsson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: H Elding
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cederwall
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neiderud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lernmark
authors.forename: S-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ivarsson
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D049628:Body Size; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006128:Growth / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens