title: Selective neurectomy of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles for calf hypertrophy: an anatomical study and 700 clinical cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calf hypertrophy is of concern to Asians. Liposuction and muscle resection are used with reasonable results. A technique of selective neurectomy of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles is used to improve results of calf reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2006, 700 patients underwent neurectomy of the medial gastrocnemius and half of the soleus muscle without liposuction. Gait analysis was performed on six and electromyographic studies were performed on 20 patients. Preoperative circumference was 34.1 cm. An anatomical study was performed on seven cadaver limbs. All branches of the popliteal nerve were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction in circumference was 2.67 cm at 14 months. Short-term disability was noted in 2.57 percent. Complications were noted in less than 5 percent. Dissatisfaction was noted in 4 percent (28 of 700 patients). Electromyography showed denervation of the medial gastrocnemius. Gait analysis revealed normal gait. Anatomical studies showed the nerve to the soleus had a medial and lateral branch (seven of seven). One twig of the medial branch of the soleus muscle pierced and innervated the medial gastrocnemius muscle (three of seven).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective neurectomy can offer an effective method of reducing calf circumference and improving contour.
authors.affiliation: Taipei, Taiwan; and Rochester, Minn. From the Departments of Plastic Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital; Department of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic; and Departments of Anatomy and Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University.
authors.forename: Feng-Chou
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mardini
authors.forename: Tsorng-Harn
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Jiunn-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D003714:Denervation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000601:surgery*