title: Cost-effectiveness of a new combined immunosuppressive and anti-infectious regimen in kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to assess the 1-year cost-effectiveness of a new combined immunosuppressive and anti-infectious regimen in kidney transplantation to prevent both rejection and infectious complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (pts) transplanted from January 2000 to March 2003 (Group A) and treated with a conventional protocol were compared with pts submitted to a combined regimen including universal cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis between April 2003 and July 2005 (Group B). Costs were computed from the hospital accounting system for hospital stays, and official tariffs for outpatient visits. Patients with incomplete costs data were excluded from analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients were analyzed in Group A, and 60 in Group B. Baseline characteristics including CMV serostatus were not significantly different between the two groups. Over 12 months after transplantation, acute rejections decreased from 41.5 percent in Group A to 6.7 percent in Group B (p < .001), and CMV infections from 47 percent to 15 percent (p < .001). Overall, readmissions decreased from 68 percent to 55 percent (p = .160), and average hospital days from 28 +/- 19 to 20 +/- 11 days (p < .007). The average number of outpatient visits decreased from 49 +/- 10 to 39 +/- 8 (p < .001). Average 1-year immunosuppressive and CMV prophylaxis costs (per patient) increased from CHF20,402 +/- 7,273 to 27,375 +/- 6,063 (p < .001), graft rejection costs decreased from CHF4,595 +/- 10,182 to 650 +/- 3,167 (p = .005), CMV treatment costs from CHF2,270 +/- 6,161 to 101 +/- 326 (p = .008), and outpatient visits costs from CHF8,466 +/- 1'721 to 6,749 +/- 1,159 (p < .001). Altogether, 1-year treatment costs decreased from CHF39'957 +/- 16,573 to 36,204 +/- 6,901 (p = .115).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new combined regimen administered in Group B was significantly more effective, and its additional costs were more than offset by savings associated with complications avoidance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics and Management, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. jbw@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Jean-Blaise
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wasserfallen
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kast-Brückner
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Venetz
authors.forename: Pascal R A
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Meylan
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascual
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents