title: Incidence and risk factors for low trauma fractures in men with prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are at increased risk of bone loss. The present study sought to determine the incidence of low trauma fracture in men with prostate cancer (PC), and to characterize the association between potential risk factors and fracture risk in these men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the prospective, population-based Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study, 43 men aged 60+ years reported a history of prostate cancer; among whom, 22 men received ADT, and 21 men did not. Low-trauma fractures were ascertained between 1989 and 2004. Bone mineral density at the femoral neck (FNBMD), postural instability and lifestyle factors were obtained at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with prostate cancer had significantly higher lumbar spine BMD than those without cancer (p=0.013). During the follow-up period, 15 men with prostate cancer had sustained a fracture, yielding the age-adjusted incidence of fracture among this group was 31.6 per 1000 person-years, which was greater than those without cancer (22.1 per 1000 person-years). The age-adjusted incidence of fracture was more pronounced among those with prostate cancer on ADT (40.2 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for age, the increase in fracture risk among prostate cancer patients was associated with lower femoral neck BMD (hazard ratio [HR] per SD=1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.4) and increased rate of bone loss (HR 2.3, 1.2-4.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with prostate cancer, particularly those treated with ADT, had an increased fracture risk. Although the average BMD in men with prostate cancer was higher than men without cancer, a low BMD prior to treatment or increased rate of bone loss after initiating ADT treatment was each a significant predictor of fracture in these.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Mineral Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
authors.forename: Henrik G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ahlborg
authors.forename: Nguyen D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Center
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eisman
authors.forename: Tuan V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors