title: Preventive wrapping of the fragile tracheobronchial wall using a flap of latissimus dorsi muscle during esophagectomy after chemoradiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thanks to significant recent progress in the application of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of esophageal cancer, the numbers of operations on patients who have undergone preoperative CRT are increasing. In these patients, preoperative CRT often leads to formation of an unstable, scleroid layer comprised of what appears to be scar tissue around the tracheobronchial wall. This scleroid layer must be removed with the tumor, thereby weakening the wall.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed preventive intrathoracic transposition of a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap on 6 patients with clinically T4 esophageal cancer (6 males; age: 63-75 years). All 6 patients had undergone preoperative CRT (median, 43.0 Gy; range, 32.0-60.0 Gy; with cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil infusion) to relieve direct invasion of the airway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 6 patients, preventive use of a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap resulted in uneventful recovery from the tracheobronchial wall weakness. Anastomotic leakage, recurrent nerve paralysis and pneumonia occurred in 2 patients each (33.3%); there were no life-threatening complications or operation-related deaths, however.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When performing an esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous-cell cancer in patients who have received preoperative CRT, the weakened tracheobronchial wall can potentially be reinforced using a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minamiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001980:Bronchi / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014132:Trachea / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil