title: Pharmacokinetics and intramuscular bioavailability of difloxacin in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: Single-dose disposition kinetics of difloxacin (5mg/kg bodyweight) were determined in clinically normal male dromedary camels (n=6) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. Difloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. Following a single IV injection, the plasma difloxacin concentration-time curve was best described by a two-compartment open model, with a distribution half-life (t(1/2alpha)) of 0.22+/-0.02h and an elimination half-life (t(1/2beta)) of 2.97+/-0.31h. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(dss)) and total body clearance (Cl(tot)) were 1.02+/-0.21L/kg and 0.24+/-0.07L/kg/h, respectively. Following IM administration, the absorption half-life (t(1)(/)(2ab)) and the mean absorption time (MAT) were 0.44+/-0.03h and 1.53+/-0.22h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 2.84+/-0.34microg/mL was achieved at 1.42+/-0.21h. The elimination half-life (t(1/2el)) and the mean residence time (MRT) was 3.46+/-0.42h and 5.61+/-0.23h, respectively. The in vitro plasma protein binding of difloxacin ranged from 28-43% and the absolute bioavailability following IM administration was 93.51+/-11.63%. Difloxacin could be useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in camels that are sensitive to this drug.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. kasooud@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abo-El-Sooud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goudah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002162:Camelus / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C047225:difloxacin