title: Improvement of xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 using response surface methodology for optimizing the medium composition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the optimal medium composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in solid-state fermentation (SSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical methodology including the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and the central composite design (CCD) was employed to investigate the individual crucial component of the medium that significantly affected the enzyme yield.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Firstly, NaNO(3), yeast extract, urea, Na(2)CO(3), MgSO(4), peptone and (NH(4))(2)SO(4) were screened as the significant factors positively affecting the xylanase production by PBD. Secondly, by valuating the nitrogen sources effect, urea was proved to be the most effective and economic nitrogen source for xylanase production and used for further optimization. Finally, the CCD and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable, which included urea, Na(2)CO(3) and MgSO(4). Subsequently a second-order polynomial was determined by multiple regression analysis. The optimum values of the critical components for maximum xylanase production were obtained as follows: x(1) (urea)=0.163 (41.63 g/L), x(2) (Na(2)CO(3))=-1.68 (2.64 g/L), x(3) (MgSO(4))=1.338 (10.68 g/L) and the predicted xylanase value was 14374.6 U/g dry substrate. Using the optimized condition, xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 after 48 h fermentation reached 14637 U/g dry substrate with wheat bran in the shake flask.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using PBD and CCD, we obtained the optimal composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in SSF, and the results of no additional expensive medium and shortened fermentation time for higher xylanase production show the potential for industrial utilization.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. xuyx007@163.com
authors.forename: Yao-Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shao-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiang-Wu
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000201:enzymology*; D003470:Culture Media; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005285:Fermentation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; D009584:Nitrogen