title: [Prevalence and clinical aspects when it comes to the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and celiac disease association and to verify the existence of celiac disease symptoms, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases among the patients, their first-degree relatives and the possible influences of celiac disease in diabetes control.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was done a cross-sectional study with 195 patients that answered a questionnaire about gastrointestinal symptoms and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases in their first-degree relatives. IgA was measured and antiendomysial antibody (EMA) was screened. The patients with positive EMA were submitted to intestinal biopsy. Those with celiac disease confirmed by biopsy (case group) were paired with DM1 patients without celiac disease (control group) according to age on diabetes diagnosis, diabetes duration and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMA was positive in nine patients. In seven of them the biopsy has confirmed celiac disease (4.0%). Comparing the cases with controls, the gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly more frequent in the first group, but there was no difference between the groups regarding to the occurrence of autoimmune disease among the first-degree relatives and regarding to the control of diabetes (z weight, z height, insulin dose, HbA1c).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence found was 4.0%. This sample of celiac patients showed a predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms, although the celiac disease did not influence the diabetes control.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fátima C F
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Whitacker
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hessel
authors.forename: Sofia H V
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lemos-Marini
authors.forename: Maria F V M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Minicucci
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra-Júnior
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A