title: Acute toxicity of betagamma-CAT, a naturally existing non-lens betagamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions.
abstract: In vertebrates, non-lens betagamma-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues, but their functions are unknown. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors, initiators of mucosal healing and being greatly involved in tumorigenesis, have remained elusive. betagamma-CAT is the first example of a naturally existing multifunctional protein complex of a non-lens betagamma-crystallin and a trefoil factor from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions. Here we report the investigation of its in vivo toxic effects on mice and rabbits. The LD(50) values of betagamma-CAT on mice were determined to be 0.4 mg/kg and 20 microg/kg under intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection, respectively. The mice subcutaneously injected with betagamma-CAT (6 microg/g body weight) showed strong hyperaemia of subcutaneous capillary vessel, but no hemorrhagic spots were observed. Intravenous injection of betagamma-CAT in rabbits (8-22 microg/kg body weight) caused a rapidly hypotensive effect and followed with cardiovascular collapse. Injection with betagamma-CAT (22 microg/kg, i.v.) significantly decreased hematocrit (P<0.05) and mean corpuscular volume (P<0.05) of the rabbits in 5 min. At the same time, the counts of platelets and white blood cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the blood levels of glucose, lactate dehydrogenase and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase were significantly increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, serials of tissues edema and damages were also observed. These results indicate that betagamma-CAT rapidly caused several in vivo toxic effects on mammals and its lethal toxic potency was mainly contributed by hypotension and cardiovascular collapse, providing new clues for the understanding of the patho-physiological roles of non-lens betagamma-crystallins and trefoil factors.
authors.affiliation: Biotoxin Units, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Qiao
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Shu-Bai
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003459:Crystallins / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2
chemical_list: D003459:Crystallins; D016207:Cytokines; D010455:Peptides; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2