title: Reclassifying heart failure: predominantly subendocardial, subepicardial, and transmural.
abstract: Recent innovations in imaging techniques have provided key mechanistic insights into the diverse phenotypic expressions of heart failure, with a wide range of potential applications to uncover the stages in progression of cardiac muscle dysfunction. This review proposes a new algorithm for exploring the spectrum of altered cardiac muscle mechanics in patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Partho P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D018450:Disease Progression; D004699:Endocardium; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium; D010496:Pericardium; D010641:Phenotype; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013577:Syndrome