title: Diel shifts in carboxylation pathway and metabolite dynamics in the CAM bromeliad Aechmea 'Maya' in response to elevated CO2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The deployment of temporally separated carboxylation pathways for net CO(2) uptake in CAM plants provides plasticity and thus uncertainty on how species with this photosynthetic pathway will respond to life in a higher-CO(2) world. The present study examined how long-term exposure to elevated CO(2) influences the relative contributions that C(3) and C(4) carboxylation make to net carbon gain and to establish how this impacts on the availability of carbohydrates for export and growth and on water use efficiency over the day/night cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Integrated measurements of leaf gas exchange and diel metabolite dynamics (e.g. malate, soluble sugars, starch) were made in leaves of the CAM bromeliad Aechmea 'Maya' after exposure to 700 micromol mol(-1) CO(2) for 5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 60 % increase in 24-h carbon gain under elevated CO(2) due to a stimulation of daytime C(3) and C(4) carboxylation in phases II and IV where water use efficiency was comparable with that measured at night. The extra CO(2) taken up under elevated CO(2) was largely accumulated as hexose sugars during phase IV and net daytime export of carbohydrate was abolished. Under elevated CO(2) there was no stimulation of dark carboxylation and nocturnal export and respiration appeared to be the stronger sinks for carbohydrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the increased size of the soluble sugar storage pool under elevated CO(2), there was no change in the net allocation of carbohydrates between provision of substrates for CAM and export/respiration in A. 'Maya'. The data imply the existence of discrete pools of carbohydrate that provide substrate for CAM or sugars for export/respiration. The 2-fold increase in water-use efficiency could be a major physiological advantage to growth under elevated CO(2) in this CAM bromeliad.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Biosystems, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. johan.ceusters@biw.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ceusters
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borland
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Londers
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verdoodt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Godts
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Proft
mesh_terms: D031229:Bromeliaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D003624:Darkness; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D010507:Periodicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005740:Gases; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon