title: Connexin 43 is required for the anti-apoptotic effect of bisphosphonates on osteocytes and osteoblasts in vivo.
abstract: Connexin (Cx)43 is required for inhibition of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis by bisphosphonates in vitro. Herein, we evaluated its requirement for the in vivo actions of bisphosphonates using mice in which Cx43 was deleted specifically from osteocytes and osteoblasts (Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/-) mice). Effective removal of Cx43 was confirmed by the presence of the deleted form of the gene and by reduced mRNA and protein expression in osteoblastic cells and bones obtained from Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/-) mice. The amino-bisphosphonate alendronate (2.3 micromol/kg/d) was injected daily into 5-mo-old female mice (n = 6-11) for 31 days, starting 3 days before implantation of pellets releasing the glucocorticoid prednisolone (2.1 mg/kg/d). Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/-) mice and their littermates (Cx43(fl/-), Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/+), and Cx43(fl/+)) gained bone with similar kinetics and exhibited identical bone mass from 2 to 4.5 mo of age, indicating that Cx43 deletion from osteocytes and mature osteoblasts does not impair bone acquisition. In addition, prednisolone induced a similar increase in osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis in Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/-) or in control Cx43(fl/-) littermates. However, whereas alendronate prevented prednisolone-induced apoptosis in control Cx43(fl/-) mice, it was ineffective in Cx43(DeltaOb-Ot/-) mice. In contrast, alendronate inhibited glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in both type of animals, suggesting that inhibition of resorption is the predominant effect of alendronate against the early phase of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. Taken together with earlier in vitro evidence, these findings show that Cx43 is required for the anti-apoptotic effect of bisphosphonates on osteocytes and osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. lplotkin@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Lilian I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Plotkin
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lezcano
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thostenson
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Stavros C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Manolagas
authors.forename: Teresita
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bellido
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D004164:Diphosphonates; D015675:Osteocalcin; D003907:Dexamethasone; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases; D019386:Alendronate