Evidence for the involvement of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors on the antinociceptive effect of (-)-linalool in mice.
(-)-Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol which is present in the essential oils of several aromatic plants. Recent studies suggest that (-)-linalool has anti-inflammatory, antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive properties in different animal models. The present study investigated the contribution of glutamatergic system in the antinociception elicited by (-)-linalool in mice. Nociceptive response was characterized by the time that the animal spent licking the injected hind paw or biting the target organ following glutamate receptor agonist injections. (-)-Linalool administered by intraperitoneal (i.p., 10-200 mg/kg), oral (p.o., 5-100 mg/kg) or intrathecal (i.t., 0.1-3 microg/site) routes dose-dependently inhibited glutamate-induced nociception (20 micromol/paw, pH 7.4) with ID(50) values of 139.1 mg/kg; 34.6 mg/kg; and 0.9 microg/site, with inhibitions of 70+/-4; 72+/-7 and 74+/-8%, respectively. However, the intraplantar injection of (-)-linalool partially (49+/-9%) inhibited glutamate-induced nociception. Furthermore, (-)-linalool (200 mg/kg) given i.p. also reduced significantly the biting response caused by intrathecal injection of glutamate (30 microg/site), AMPA (25 ng/site), SP (135 ng/site), NMDA (25 ng/site) and kainate (23.5 ng/site), with inhibitions of 89+/-6%, 73+/-11%, 85+/-4%, 98+/-2% and 52+/-15%, respectively. However, (-)-linalool did not inhibit nociception induced by intrathecal injection of trans-ACPD (8.6 microg/site). Taken together, these results provide experimental evidences indicating that (-)-linalool produce marked antinociception against glutamate induced pain in mice, possible due mechanisms operated by ionotropic glutamate receptors, namely AMPA, NMDA and kainate.
Batista
Patrícia Aparecida
PA
Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
Werner
Maria Fernanda de Paula
MF
Oliveira
Erica Carvalho
EC
Burgos
Leonel
L
Pereira
Patricia
P
Brum
Lucimar Filot da Silva
LF
Santos
Adair Roberto Soares Dos
AR
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000502:physiology*
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000700:Analgesics; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D039821:Monoterpenes; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C018584:linalool