title: Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (approximately 33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 ( approximately 43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (approximately 24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother-daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother-daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Eating Disorders Treatment and Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. joyj@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roesch
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wonderlich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crosby
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wilfley
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Berrettini
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Halmi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lavia
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotondo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strober
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Woodside
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000145:classification