title: Effect of subcutaneous injection and oral voluntary ingestion of buprenorphine on post-operative serum corticosterone levels in male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate peri-operative analgesia may reduce post-operative stress response and improve recovery in laboratory animals. We have established a method involving repeated automated blood sampling, allowing quantification of serum corticosterone levels in rats for stress assessment without stress-inducing handling or restraint. In the present study, the effects of the commonly used route of buprenorphine administration (0.05 mg/kg injected subcutaneously) were compared with oral administration (0.4 mg/kg mixed with Nutella and orally administered by voluntary ingestion) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A catheter was placed in the jugular vein and attached to an Accusampler for automated blood sampling. During 96 h after surgery, blood was collected at specified time points. Pre- and post-operative body weights and water consumption were registered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Buprenorphine significantly suppressed levels of circulating corticosterone after the oral but not after the subcutaneous treatment. Both buprenorphine treatments had a positive impact on maintenance of body weight and water consumption, compared to the control group that received no buprenorphine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation suggests that oral voluntary ingestion ad libitum is an efficacious, convenient and non-invasive way of administering peri-operative buprenorphine to rats, as judged by corticosteroid response and effects on body weight and water consumption.
authors.affiliation: Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldkuhl
authors.forename: H-E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hau
authors.forename: K S P
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Abelson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012646:Self Administration; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003345:Corticosterone