title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for postoperative pain management after lumbar spine surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors undertook this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in addition to opioid analgesics on perioperative pain management in lumbar spine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors searched MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), and Science Citation Index Expanded databases. In addition, they manually searched key journals and their references. They included randomized trials comparing the use of NSAIDs in addition to opioid analgesics versus opioid analgesics alone after posterior lumbar discectomy, laminectomy, or spinal fusion. Two independent reviewers performed an assessment of the quality of the methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen studies comprising 400 patients who received NSAIDs in addition to opioid analgesics and 389 patients receiving opioid analgesics alone were included. Patients receiving NSAIDs in addition to opioid analgesics had lower pain scores and consumed fewer opioids than the group receiving opioid analgesics alone. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis provides evidence that the addition of NSAIDs to opioid analgesics in lumbar spine surgery provided better pain control than opioid analgesics alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand. kitjir@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Kitti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jirarattanaphochai
authors.forename: Surachai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal