title: Arginase inhibition protects against allergen-induced airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a guinea pig model of allergic asthma, using perfused tracheal preparations ex vivo, we demonstrated that L-arginine limitation due to increased arginase activity underlies a deficiency of bronchodilating nitric oxide (NO) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after the allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using the same animal model, we investigated the acute effects of the specific arginase inhibitor 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH) and of L-arginine on AHR after the early and late reaction in vivo. In addition, we investigated the protection of allergen-induced asthmatic reactions, AHR, and airway inflammation by pretreatment with the drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine was measured in permanently instrumented, freely moving guinea pigs sensitized to ovalbumin at 24 hours before allergen challenge and after the allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions by assessing histamine PC(100) (provocative concentration causing a 100% increase of pleural pressure) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhaled ABH acutely reversed AHR to histamine after the early reaction from 4.77 +/- 0.56-fold to 2.04 +/- 0.34-fold (P < 0.001), and a tendency to inhibition was observed after the late reaction (from 1.95 +/- 0.56-fold to 1.56 +/- 0.47-fold, P < 0.10). Quantitatively similar results were obtained with inhaled l-arginine. Remarkably, after pretreatment with ABH a 33-fold higher dose of allergen was needed to induce airway obstruction (P < 0.01). Consequently, ABH inhalation 0.5 hour before and 8 hours after allergen challenge protected against the allergen-induced early and late asthmatic reactions, AHR and inflammatory cell infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalation of ABH or l-arginine acutely reverses allergen-induced AHR after the early and late asthmatic reaction, presumably by attenuating arginase-induced substrate deficiency to NO synthase in the airways. Moreover, ABH considerably reduces the airway sensitivity to inhaled allergen and protects against allergen-induced bronchial obstructive reactions, AHR, and airway inflammation. This is the first in vivo study indicating that arginase inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Center for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. h.maarsingh@rug.nl
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maarsingh
authors.forename: Annet B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zuidhof
authors.forename: I Sophie T
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Duin
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaagsma
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meurs
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000614:Aminocaproates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001119:Arginase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009569:Nitric Oxide
chemical_list: C121228:2-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid; D000614:Aminocaproates; D001896:Boron Compounds; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001119:Arginase