title: High b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in normal and malignant peripheral zone tissue of the prostate: effect of signal-to-noise ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained using a high b-value (2,000 s/mm2) is superior to that using a standard b-value (1,000 s/mm2) for discriminating malignant from normal peripheral tissue in the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging including single-shot, echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with repetition time/echo time, 3500/88 ms; 4-mm slice thickness; 1-mm interslice gap; 144x128 matrix; field of view, 250x250 mm; number of excitations, 10; and b-values, 0, 1,000, and 2,000 s/mm2. For each patient, ADC values were obtained for malignant and normal tissue using b=1,000 and 2,000 in a monoexponential model. Signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios in DWI were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At b=1,000, the mean ADC (x10(-3) mm2/s) for malignant tissue was 0.82+/-0.27 (range 0.43-1.29) and for normal tissue, 1.69+/-0.23 (1.31-2.18). At b=2000, the mean ADC for malignant tissue was 0.61+/-0.19 (0.30-0.94) and for normal tissue, 1.01+/-0.14 (0.73-1.35). Significant ADC overlap between the malignant and normal tissue was recognized at b=2000. As b-value increased, the mean SNR within malignant tissue decreased by 21.6%, and mean CNR decreased 17.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the same imaging conditions, measuring ADC using a high b-value (2,000 s/mm2) in a monoexponential model has little diagnostic advantage over using the standard b-value (1,000 s/mm2) in discriminating malignant from normal prostate tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. kazu10041976@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Kagayaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity