title: Lower urinary-tract symptoms and testosterone in elderly men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to examine the effects of testosterone administration on symptom scores of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The literatures on the epidemiological association between the metabolic syndrome, erectile failure and (LUTS) were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men with the metabolic syndrome and erectile failure, often lower-than-normal testosterone levels are found. This is less clear for men with LUTS, but the relationship between testosterone and LUTS might be indirect and based on the association of the metabolic syndrome with an overactivity of autonomic nervous system. This overactivity may play a key role in increasing the severity of LUTS above an intrinsic basal intensity that is determined by the genitourinary factors in aging men. Androgen receptors are present in the epithelium of the urethra and the bladder. Testosterone may play a role in the reflex activity of the autonomic nervous system in the pelvis, or may interact with postsynaptic non-genomic receptors suppressing detrusor activity. Human neurons in the wall of the bladder contain nitric oxide synthase. Similar to the penis, testosterone has an impact on nitric oxide synthase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some studies investigating the effects of normalizing testosterone levels in elderly men have found a positive effect on variables of the metabolic syndrome and, simultaneously, on scores of the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) which is worthy of further investigation in randomized, controlled and sufficiently powered clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology and Andrology, Segeberger Kliniken, Norderstedt, Germany. yassin@t-online.de
authors.forename: Aksam A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.forename: Ahmed I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: El-Sakka
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Louis J G
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gooren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone