title: Estimating the efficiency of benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors comprising gamma1 or gamma2 subunits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Heterologous expression of alpha1, beta2 and gamma2S(gamma1) subunits produces a mixed population of GABA(A) receptors containing alpha1beta2 or alpha1beta2gamma2S(gamma1) subunits. GABA sensitivity (lower in receptors containing gamma1 or gamma2S subunits) and the potentiation of GABA-activated chloride currents (I(GABA)) by benzodiazepines (BZDs) are dependent on gamma2S(gamma1) incorporation. A variable gamma subunit incorporation may affect the estimation of I(GABA) potentiation by BZDs. We propose an approach for estimation of BZD efficiency that accounts for mixed population of alpha1beta2 and alpha1beta2gamma2S(gamma1) receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the relation between GABA sensitivity (EC50) and BZD modulation by analysing triazolam-, clotiazepam- and midazolam-induced potentiation of I(GABA) in Xenopus oocytes under two-microelectrode voltage clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plotting EC50 versus BZD-induced shifts of GABA concentration-response curves (DeltaEC50(BZD)) of oocytes injected with different amounts of alpha1, beta2 and gamma2S(gamma1) cRNA (1:1:1-1:1:10) revealed a linear regression between gamma2S(gamma1)-mediated reduction of GABA sensitivity (EC50) and DeltaEC50(BZD). The slope factors of the regression were always higher for oocytes expressing alpha1beta2gamma1 subunit receptors (1.8 +/- 0.1 (triazolam), 1.6 +/- 0.1 (clotiazepam), 2.3 +/- 0.2 (midazolam)) than for oocytes expressing alpha1beta2gamma2S receptors (1.4 +/- 0.1 (triazolam), 1.4 +/- 0.1 (clotiazepam), 1.3 +/- 0.1 (midazolam)). Mutant GABA(A) receptors (alpha1beta2-R207Cgamma2S) with lower GABA sensitivity showed higher drug efficiencies (slope factors=1.1 +/- 0.1 (triazolam), 1.1 +/- 0.1 (clotiazepam), 1.2 +/- 0.1 (midazolam)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regression analysis enabled the estimation of BZD efficiency when variable mixtures of alpha1beta2 and alpha1beta2gamma2S(gamma1) receptors are expressed and provided new insights into the gamma2S(gamma1) dependency of BZD action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baburin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khom
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Timin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hohaus
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sieghart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hering
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014229:Triazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D018757:GABA Modulators; C532836:GABRG1 protein, Xenopus; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014229:Triazolam; D008874:Midazolam; C084599:clotiazepam