title: [Association between indoor coal-burning pollutants associated with asthmatic susceptible genetic polymorphisms in childhood asthma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of exposure to indoor pollutants (PM4, SO2, CO) produced by burning coal in home of asthmatic children in Guiding County, Guizhou Province, and to observe the distribution frequencies of ACE gene and the 16th and 27th loci of beta2 adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) gene in the children, and to reveal the association between the pollutants and the susceptible genes in childhood asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-only study, an epidemiologic method, was employed. PCR was used to examine the polymorphisms at the 16th and 27th loci of beta2-AR gene and the insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphisms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in 231 children suffered from asthma. PM4, SO2 and CO concentrations of indoor air in the children's homes were measured. The distribution frequencies of the polymorphisms were calculated. And the possible interaction of multiplication model between the pollutants and the polymorphisms was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate of exposure to coal-burning air pollutants was 87.4% (202 children) among the children suffered from asthma. The distribution frequencies of the Arg/Arg and Gly/Gly homozygotes and the Arg/Gly heterozygote at the 16th locus of beta2-AR gene were 13.9%, 13.4% and 72.7%, respectively, and the frequencies of the Gln/Gln and Glu/Glu homozygotes and the Glu/Glu heterozygote at the 27th locus were 13.9%, 4.3% and 81.8%, respectively, and the frequencies of the II, DD and ID genotypes of ACE gene were 49.3%, 20.0% and 30.7%, respectively; and an interaction of multiplication model could exist between the air pollutants, PM4 , SO2, and CO, and the beta2-AR and ACE polymorphisms for the occurrence of childhood asthma (P < 0.05 for all indicators).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The problem of air pollution from burning coal maybe serious in the local rural area. The distribution frequencies of the three susceptible polymorphisms for asthma could have their individual characteristics. And the air pollutants, PM4, SO2 and CO, interacted with the Gly/Gly genotype at the 16th locus of beta2-AR gene or the DD genotype of ACE gene maybe increases the risk for asthma in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health Sichuang University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.lastname: et al
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A