Polygenes, risk prediction, and targeted prevention of breast cancer.
BACKGROUND
New developments in the search for susceptibility alleles in complex disorders provide support for the possibility of a polygenic approach to the prevention and treatment of common diseases.


METHODS
We examined the implications, both for individualized disease prevention and for public health policy, of findings concerning the risk of breast cancer that are based on common genetic variation.


RESULTS
Our analysis suggests that the risk profile generated by the known, common, moderate-risk alleles does not provide sufficient discrimination to warrant individualized prevention. However, useful risk stratification may be possible in the context of programs for disease prevention in the general population.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical use of single, common, low-penetrance genes is limited, but a few susceptibility alleles may distinguish women who are at high risk for breast cancer from those who are at low risk, particularly in the context of population screening.
Pharoah
Paul D P
PD
Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. paul.pharoah@srl.cam.ac.uk
Antoniou
Antonis C
AC
Easton
Douglas F
DF
Ponder
Bruce A J
BA
D000483:Alleles; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance; D019683:Penetrance; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*
D005819:Genetic Markers