title: The effect of a hypocaloric diet with and without exercise training on body composition, cardiometabolic risk profile, and reproductive function in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the benefits of the addition of exercise to an energy-restricted diet in further improving cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive function has not been extensively studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the effects of aerobic and aerobic-resistance exercise when combined with an energy-restricted high protein diet (5000-6000 kJ/d) on metabolic risk factors and reproductive function in women with PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-wk outpatient, randomized, parallel study was conducted in a metropolitan research clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four overweight and obese women with PCOS (age 29.3 +/- 0.7 yr; body mass index 36.1 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) were randomized to diet only (DO; n = 30), diet and aerobic exercise (DA; n = 31), or diet and combined aerobic-resistance exercise (DC; n = 33).
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight, body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, hormonal status, menstrual cyclicity, and ovulatory function were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All interventions reduced weight (DO 8.9 +/- 1.6%, DA 10.6 +/- 1.7%, and DC 8.7 +/- 1.7%; P < 0.001) with no difference between treatments (P = 0.7, time x treatment). Fat mass decreased more (3 kg) and fat-free mass decreased less (2 kg) in DA and DC compared with DO (P < or = 0.03). Reductions in blood pressure (5.6/2.7 mm Hg), triglycerides (0.4 mmol/liter), total cholesterol (0.5 mmol/liter), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.1 mmol/liter), glucose (0.2 mmol/liter), fasting insulin (4.3 mIU/liter), testosterone (0.4 nmol/liter), and free androgen index (2.8) (P < 0.001) and improvements in SHBG (7.0 nmol/liter) and reproductive function occurred in all groups, with no difference between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In overweight and obese women with PCOS, the addition of aerobic or combined aerobic-resistance exercise to an energy-restricted diet improved body composition but had no additional effect on improvements in cardiometabolic, hormonal, and reproductive outcomes relative to diet alone.
authors.affiliation: Australian Technology Network Centre for Metabolic Fitness and Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Manny
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noakes
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: Grant D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Brinkworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome