title: Managing a good death in critical care: can health policy help?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper discusses end-of-life care (EoLC) in critical care through exploration of what is known from the international literature and what is currently presented within UK policy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  EoLC is an important international critical care issue, and currently provides a key focus for health care policy in the UK. While society holds that critical care is delivered in a highly technical area with a strong focus on cure and recovery, mortality rates in this speciality remain at approximately 20%. When patient recovery is not an outcome, discussions with patient, family and extended care teams turn towards futility of treatment and end-of-life management. However, there are specific barriers to overcome in EoLC for the critically ill.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A key issue for EoLC in critical care is a lack of robust systems to prospectively identify individuals who are most at risk of dying. A further challenge is divergent perspectives within and across clinical teams on treatment withdrawal and limitation practices. To streamline patient management and underpin a hospice approach to care, EoLC policies are currently being used within the UK. While this provides a national framework to address some key critical care clinical issues in the UK, there is a need for further refinement of the tool to reflect the reality of EoLC for the critically ill. It is important that international best practice exemplars are examined and clinicians actively engage and contribute to ensure that any local EoLC frameworks are fit for purpose.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Southampton, UK. maureen.coombs@suht.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coombs
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001293:Attitude to Death; D001294:Attitude to Health; D032921:Consensus; D003422:Critical Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D024802:Nurse's Role; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D006113:United Kingdom; D028761:Withholding Treatment