title: Influence of convergence angle and cement space on adaptation of zirconium dioxide ceramic copings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of total convergence angle and cement space on internal and marginal adaptation of posterior zirconium dioxide (zirconia) ceramic copings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two standardized mandibular first molar zirconia copings were fabricated with nine parameters: three different total convergence angles (6 degrees , 12 degrees , and 20 degrees ) with three different computer-fixed cement spaces (10, 30, and 60 microm). Marginal adaptation was assessed to measure vertical discrepancy between the coping and abutment by direct viewing. Internal adaptation was evaluated using the cement replica technique with a laser microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were performed to test for differences in internal space and marginal discrepancy values (alpha=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median of mean internal spaces/marginal discrepancies ranged from 54.0/27.4 to 128.1/77.8 microm. Statistically significant differences in the internal spaces were found between groups with 6 degrees and 20 degrees convergence angle, regardless of cement space. The different cement spaces did not have any significant influence on the 12 degrees and 20 degrees convergence angle groups. The 60-microm cement space group exhibited statistically smaller marginal discrepancies than the 10-microm cement space group in all the different convergence angles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of the present study, the internal spaces of zirconia ceramic copings may decrease as the convergence angles of abutments increase. The computer-fixed cement space might influence the marginal adaptation of zirconia ceramic copings. The internal and marginal adaptation of zirconia ceramic copings obtained was within the range of clinical acceptance.
authors.affiliation: Major in Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003442:Crowns; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D013499:Surface Properties; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide