title: New evidences of gene and environment interactions affecting prenatal neurodevelopment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a family dermatoglyphic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have reported an increase of dermatoglyphic anomalies in schizophrenic patients compared to controls. However, the recognition of specific dermatoglyphic variables related to this disorder and their genetic and/or environmental component are still controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a dermatoglyphic analysis in a new sample of 617 individuals: 205 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, 224 healthy first degree relatives and 188 healthy controls. The dermatoglyphic variables studied were: the total a-b ridge count (TABRC) and its fluctuating asymmetry (FAABRC), and the presence of ridge dissociations (RD) and abnormal palmar flexion creases (APFC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients, relatives and controls did not differ in TABRC. However, within the patients group those with a low birth weight or absence of psychiatric family history showed lower TABRC than the others. The frequency of ectodermic derivates abnormalities (RD and/or APFC) appeared to be higher in patients and relatives than in controls, while first degree relatives did not differ from patients. Males showed an increased rate of ectodermic derivates abnormalities compared to females in all groups and male patients also presented higher FAABRC than female patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest a different relative weight of genetic and environmental factors on each dermatoglyphic variable analyzed: i) TABRC may be a sensitive marker to environmental factors in schizophrenia, ii) ectodermal derivates abnormalities appear to be influenced by genetic risk factors, which could be involved both in the disrupted development of ectodermic derivates like dermatoglyphics and central nervous system and in the vulnerability for schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatjó-Vilas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gourion
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campanera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mouaffak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levy-Rueff
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chayet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miret
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fañanás
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D012931:Social Environment