title: Advanced 3D visualization in student-centred medical education.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Healthcare students have difficulties achieving a conceptual understanding of 3D anatomy and misconceptions about physiological phenomena are persistent and hard to address. 3D visualization has improved the possibilities of facilitating understanding of complex phenomena. A project was carried out in which high quality 3D visualizations using high-resolution CT and MR images from clinical research were developed for educational use. Instead of standard stacks of slices (original or multiplanar reformatted) volume-rendering images in the quicktime VR format that enables students to interact intuitively were included. Based on learning theories underpinning problem based learning, 3D visualizations were implemented in the existing curricula of the medical and physiotherapy programs. The images/films were used in lectures, demonstrations and tutorial sessions. Self-study material was also developed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To support learning efficacy by developing and using 3D datasets in regular health care curricula and enhancing the knowledge about possible educational value of 3D visualizations in learning anatomy and physiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were used to investigate the medical and physiotherapy students' opinions about the different formats of visualizations and their learning experiences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3D images/films stimulated the students will to understand more and helped them to get insights about biological variations and different organs size, space extent and relation to each other. The virtual dissections gave a clearer picture than ordinary dissections and the possibility to turn structures around was instructive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D visualizations based on authentic, viable material point out a new dimension of learning material in anatomy, physiology and probably also pathophysiology. It was successful to implement 3D images in already existing themes in the educational programs. The results show that deeper knowledge is required about students' interpretation of images/films in relation to learning outcomes. There is also a need for preparations and facilitation principles connected to the use of 3D visualizations.
authors.affiliation: Linköping University, Sweden. Sweden. chasi@imv.liu.se
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silén
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirell
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kvist
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nylander
authors.forename: Orjan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smedby
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007858:Learning; D010827:Physiology / Q000193:education; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires