title: Longitudinal rates of postoperative adverse outcomes after glaucoma surgery among medicare beneficiaries 1994 to 2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine longitudinal rates of postoperative adverse outcomes after incisional glaucoma surgery in a nationally representative longitudinal sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicare beneficiaries >or=68 years who underwent a primary trabeculectomy (PT), trabeculectomy with scarring (TS), or glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation from 1994 to 2003 with follow-up through 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary trabeculectomy, TS, and GDD were identified from International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9-CM) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) procedure codes. Change in rates of postoperative adverse outcomes associated with these 3 surgical interventions was analyzed by cumulative incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards model regression; regression analysis controlled for prior adverse outcome measures (3-year run-up) and demographic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-, second-, and sixth-year cumulative rates and probability of experiencing serious adverse outcomes (retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, suprachoroidal hemorrhage), less serious adverse outcomes (choroidal detachment, corneal edema, hypotony), and receipt of additional glaucoma surgery were identified through Medicare claims for each treatment group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 1-year follow-up, rates of severe adverse outcomes were higher among beneficiaries in the GDD group (2.0%) relative to the PT (0.6%) and TS groups (1.3%). Controlling for prior adverse outcomes to the surgery and demographic factors in Cox proportional analysis, differences were often reduced, but generally remained statistically and clinically significant. Rates of severe outcomes, less severe outcomes, corneal edema, and low vision/blindness were higher for persons undergoing GDD than PT or TS. However, rates of reoperation were higher for TS than GDD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk for adverse outcomes was higher in GDD than in PT surgery or TS, controlling for a number of important case mix and demographic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belsky
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Sloan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D039702:Current Procedural Terminology; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016345:Medicare Part B / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States