title: A role for AtWRKY23 in feeding site establishment of plant-parasitic nematodes.
abstract: During the interaction between sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes and their host, complex morphological and physiological changes occur in the infected plant tissue, finally resulting in the establishment of a nematode feeding site. This cellular transformation is the result of altered plant gene expression most likely induced by proteins injected in the plant cell by the nematode. Here, we report on the identification of a WRKY transcription factor expressed during nematode infection. Using both promoter-reporter gene fusions and in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we could show that AtWRKY23 is expressed during the early stages of feeding site establishment. Knocking down the expression of WRKY23 resulted in lower infection of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. WRKY23 is an auxin-inducible gene and in uninfected plants WRKY23 acts downstream of the Aux/IAA protein SLR/IAA14. Although auxin is known to be involved in feeding site formation, our results suggest that, during early stages, auxin-independent signals might be at play to activate the initial expression of WRKY23.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. wim.grunewald@ugent.be
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grunewald
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van de Cappelle
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wischnitzki
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grundler
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzé
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beeckman
authors.forename: Godelieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gheysen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C507566:IAA14 protein, Arabidopsis; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D014157:Transcription Factors; C532783:WRKY23 protein, Arabidopsis