title: Disposable reagentless electrochemical immunosensor array based on a biopolymer/sol-gel membrane for simultaneous measurement of several tumor markers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reagentless sensor array for simultaneous multianalyte testing (SMAT) may enable accurate diagnosis and be applicable for point-of-care testing. We developed a disposable reagentless immunosensor array for simple immunoassay of panels of tumor markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out SMAT with a direct capture format, in which colloidal gold nanoparticles with bound horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibodies were immobilized on screen-printed carbon electrodes with biopolymer/sol-gel to trap their corresponding antigens from sample solution. Upon formation of immunocomplex, the direct electrochemical signal of the HRP decreased owing to increasing spatial blocking, and the analytes could be simultaneously determined by monitoring the signal changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proposed reagentless immunosensor array allowed simultaneous detection of carcinoma antigen 153, carcinoma antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 199, and carcinoembryonic antigen in clinical serum samples in the ranges of 0.4-140 kU/L, 0.5-330 kU/L, 0.8-190 kU/L, and 0.1-44 microg/L, respectively, with detection limits of 0.2 kU/L, 0.5 kU/L, 0.3 kU/L, and 0.1 microg/L corresponding to the signals 3 SD above the mean of a zero standard. The interassay imprecision of the arrays was <9.5%, and they were stable for 35 days. The positivity detection rate of panels of tumor markers was >95.5% for 95 cases of cancer-positive sera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunosensor array provides a SMAT with short analytical time, small sampling volume, no need for substrate, and, no between-electrode cross-talk. This method not only proved the capability of the array in point-of-care testing, but also allowed simultaneous testing of several tumor markers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuetian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jinhai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Huangxian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D044367:Phase Transition; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001704:Biopolymers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents