title: Multidimensional characterization of carotid artery stenosis using CT imaging: a comparison with ultrasound grading and peak flow measurement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical decision making for carotid surgery depends largely upon stenosis grade. While digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard for stenosis grading, many physicians use less invasive modalities. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of multidimensional Computed tomography (CTA) with ultrasound (US) grading and peak flow velocity (PSV).
  
  
  METHODS
  37 stenosed carotid arteries were studied retrospectively in 36 consecutive patients. US grading and PSV were compared to multidimensional CTA analysis (diameter, area and volumetric measurements), performed by a medical software company. Calculations of stenosis percentage on CTA were made using the NASCET and ECST methodology. Diameter measurements were also performed by a neuroradiologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All CTA diameter, area and volume measurements had only modest correlation with PSV (r<0.5) and ultrasound grading (p<0.5). There was concordant classification of stenosis grades in only 40-60% of cases. CTA diameter, area and volume measurements had good correlation (0.69<r<0.87) with one another using ECST methodology. Using NASCET methodology on CTA, correlation between diameter and area was insignificant (r=0.32). CTA volumetric analysis with the NASCET method yielded 27 negative stenosis grades. Repeatability coefficient for selecting the normal distal ICA 20 mm more distally was 20% for diameter and 43% for area. CTA diameter interobserver repeatability coefficients were 22.9% (NASCET) and 17.8% (ECST) and 0.7 mm (lumen) and 1.9 mm (vessel).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All CTA measurements showed moderate correlation with both ultrasound grading and PSV. Selection of the level of the normal distal ICA influences the NASCET calculations and can produce discrepant stenosis grades. Multidimensional CTA analysis seems to have no additional value for stenosis grading, but provides other useful anatomic information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Prehn
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Muhs
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollenschleger
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Rockman
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cayne
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adelman
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Jacobowitz
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex