title: Effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and delivery device on cadaver sinus irrigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess paranasal sinus distribution of topical solutions following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) using various delivery devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cadaver sinus systems were irrigated with Gastroview before surgery, after ESS, and after medial maxillectomy. Delivery was via pressurized spray (NasaMist), neti pot (NasaFlo), and squeeze bottle (Sinus Rinse). Scans were performed before and after each delivery with a portable CT machine (Xoran xCAT), and blinded assessments were made for distribution to individual sinuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total sinus distribution was greater post-ESS (P < 0.001). Additional distribution was gained with medial maxillectomy (P = 0.02). Influence of delivery device on distribution was significantly higher with neti pot > squeeze bottle > pressurized spray (P < 0.001). Frontal sinus penetration was greatest after surgery (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESS greatly enhances the delivery of nasal solutions, regardless of delivery device. Pressurized spray solutions in un-operated sinuses provide little more than nasal cavity distribution. Use of squeeze bottle/neti pot post-ESS offers a greatly enhanced ability to deliver solutions to the paranasal sinuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation