title: Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection after BCG vaccination.
abstract: The BCG is administered to all the newborns at birth in Iran. Systemic adverse reactions to BCG vaccine such as osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection are rare. This is a retrospective study of 15 cases <72 months who were admitted with systemic syndrome compatible with disseminated mycobacterial disease during 2004-07. Disseminated BCG disease occurred in eight children younger than 6-months old and 12 patient younger than 12-months old. Twelve patients were male. Nine of 15 patients had well known primary immune deficiency disorders including severe combined immunodeficiency, chronic granulomatous disease; cell mediated immune defect and HIV infection. Nine (60%) cases had good response to four anti-mycobacterial drug therapy and interferon gamma. Disseminated BCG disease is a rare but devastating complication of BCG vaccination that should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting. Severe immune-compromised infants are at greatest risk and they respond poorly to standard therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Sadegh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: Ghamartaj
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khotaei
authors.forename: Setareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mamishi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kheirkhah
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parvaneh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000150:complications*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine