title: The importance of high specific radioactivity in the performance of 68Ga-labeled peptide.
abstract: The use of (68)Ga-labeled peptides in diagnosis, dosimetry, therapy planning and follow-up of response to chemo- and radiotherapy requires accurate quantification of tracer binding characteristics in vivo, which may be influenced by the specific radioactivity (SRA) of the tracer. Systematic study of the complexation reaction of DOTA-D-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-Octreotide (DOTATOC, where DOTA is the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) with (67)Ga, (68)Ga, (69,71)Ga and in the presence of competing metal cations [Al(III), Fe(III), In(III)] was performed using conventional and microwave heating techniques and assessed by mass spectrometry. Saturation binding of (68)Ga-DOTATOC to Rhesus monkey brain slices was performed using frozen section autoradiography. High SRA was necessary in order to characterize the saturation binding of (68)Ga-DOTATOC to somatostatin receptors in Rhesus monkey brain sections. The complexation of Ga(III) with DOTATOC suggested more favorable formation compared to Fe(III) and In(III). The microwave heating mode might influence the selectivity of the complexation reaction, especially when comparing the behavior of Ga(III) and In(III). Al(III) was less critical with contamination and could be tolerated up to a concentration equal to that of the peptide bioconjugate. The SRA of (67)Ga-DOTATOC and (67)Ga-NODAGA-TATE (NODAGA-Tyr(3)-Octreotate, where NODAGA is 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1-glutaric acid-4,7-diacetic acid) exceeded literature data by a factor of 7 and 5-15, respectively. High SRA was critical for providing sufficient contrast and accurate quantification of PET images. Microwave heating mode apart from the acceleration of the labeling reaction also improved the selectivity of the complexation reaction towards gallium. Fe(III) was shown to be the most critical competitor deteriorating the (68)Ga-labeling efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Uppsala Applied Science Lab, GEMS PET Systems, GE Healthcare, SE-752 28 Uppsala, Sweden. irina.velikyan@ge.com
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Velikyan
authors.forename: Gerd J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergström-Pettermann
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Långström
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry; D011859:Radiography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013788:Thalamus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D008670:Metals; D010455:Peptides; D010880:Piperidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C482777:triazacyclononane; D015282:Octreotide; C106246:Edotreotide