title: Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
abstract: Limitation of infarct size is a major goal of therapy for acute coronary syndromes, and research has focused on achieving rapid patency of infarct-related vessels. However, new understandings of epigenetic modifications during ischemia suggest additional targeted approaches that have not been extensively explored. Here, we show that ischemia induces histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the heart with deacetylation of histones H3/4 in vitro and in vivo. We show, utilizing a standard murine model of ischemia-reperfusion, that chemical HDAC inhibitors significantly reduce infarct area, even when delivered 1 h after the ischemic insult. We demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors prevent ischemia-induced activation of gene programs that include hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha, cell death, and vascular permeability in vivo and in vitro, thus providing potential mechanisms to explain reduced vascular leak and myocardial injury. In vitro, siRNA knockdown experiments implicate HDAC4 as a mediator of the effects in ischemic cardiac myocytes. These results demonstrate that HDAC inhibitors alter the response to ischemic injury in the heart and reduce infarct size, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for acute coronary syndromes.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gruber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015870:Gene Expression; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C498618:Hdac5 protein, mouse; D006655:Histone Deacetylases