title: Farmer estimation of live bodyweight of cattle: implications for veterinary drug dosing in East Africa.
abstract: The ability of smallholder farmers and animal health workers to estimate live bodyweight can critically affect the likelihood of under- or over-dosing of veterinary compounds in decentralised systems where farmers administer a significant proportion of the veterinary treatments. A survey of 324 cattle owned by 170 farmers was conducted in Busia District, Kenya. Cattle were weighed on a standard calibrated scale and owners were asked to estimate the live weight of their animals. Weights were also estimated by a weigh-band and by local animal health workers. Cattle owners consistently underestimated the weights of their cattle; 85.7% of the cattle had their bodyweights underestimated by an average of 46.9% of their true weight. Furthermore, very few cattle (19.0%) had their weights estimated accurately to within +/-20% of their true weight by these farmers, an accuracy range important for drug dosing. This finding raises concerns of widespread under-dosing of cattle with trypanocidal and other veterinary drugs. Animal health workers were better at estimating live bodyweight of cattle; 76.6% of cattle were estimated accurately to within +/-20% of their true weight. It is possible to improve farmers' and animal health workers' ability to estimate accurately live bodyweight of cattle with appropriate training. Evidence of this was provided by animal health workers whose estimates improved over time as they received feedback of the true weights of different sizes of cattle from the standard scale.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Machila
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Fèvre
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maudlin
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eisler
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019155:Veterinary Drugs