title: Evaluation by double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge of the clinical relevance of IgE antibodies against plant glycans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical relevance of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to plant glycans is a longstanding debate. We sought to evaluate their clinical reactivity using the human glycoprotein lactoferrin expressed in rice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allergic patients with IgE antibodies against plant glycans were analyzed for the presence of IgE against rice-produced lactoferrin. The potency of IgE to induce mediator release was assessed by basophil histamine release and skin prick tests (SPTs). Clinical relevance was evaluated by double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge (DBPCOC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four of 29 sera (82.7%) with IgE antibodies against plant glycans demonstrated IgE binding to transgenic lactoferrin. In three of five cases transgenic lactoferrin induced histamine release. Compared to a control major grass pollen allergen lactoferrin concentrations needed for biological activity of IgE were 5-6 orders of magnitude higher. Skin prick test and DBPCOC were negative in five patients with potential clinical reactivity that volunteered to undergo these in vivo challenges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor or no biological activity and lack of clinical relevance of IgE-binding plant glycans (five out of five) was demonstrated using human lactoferrin expressed in rice as a model.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Experimental Allergology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ooievaar-de Heer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pirrotta
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuidmeer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bethell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Ree
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D015549:Basophil Degranulation Test; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007781:Lactoferrin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D031784:Phleum / Q000276:immunology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C490098:LTF protein, human; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007781:Lactoferrin