title: Outcome of electroconvulsive therapy by race in the Consortium for Research on Electroconvulsive Therapy multisite study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examine the differences in outcome between black and white patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a part of the Consortium for Research on Electroconvulsive Therapy multisite study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 624 patients were enrolled in an National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded, randomized, controlled ECT trial comparing the efficacy of continuation ECT versus continuation pharmacotherapy between 1997 and 2004. This analysis focuses on the 32 black and 483 white patients who participated in phase I of the study. The authors compared baseline demographic and clinical variables and acute outcomes of these 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with whites, far fewer blacks participated in the study. Those who did were less likely to have failed adequate medication trials and were more likely to have psychotic features. Their initial 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores were higher than those of the whites, and they showed a greater reduction in these 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores by the end of the treatment period. Although sample size limited the statistical significance of the findings, black patients also showed a higher rate of remission after an acute phase of ECT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that black and white patients with major depressive disorder had comparable outcomes. We also found that fewer black patients received ECT than whites, a difference that has been reported in other samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. williams.mark@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rummans
authors.forename: Shirlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Mustafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrides
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kellner
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*