title: Protein S-100 is present in extracerebral fluids before and after cardiac surgery in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein S-100 is found in extracerebral sources. The aim of our study was to examine the content of protein S-100 in native pericardial fluid as well as in postoperative extracerebral fluids after cardiac surgery in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective study in 90 children measuring protein S-100 concentration in pericardial fluid directly after opening the pericardial sac before starting with cardiac surgery. Postoperatively, we examined pleural, peritoneal and pericardial fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pericardial fluid sampled directly after opening the pericardial sac has a protein S-100 content of 3.2 (1.3-5.4) microg/L. Postoperatively, protein S-100 content was 0.89 (0.56-2.6) microg/L in pleural effusion, 0.14 (0.1-1.1) microg/L in peritoneal fluid and 2.75 (2.2-24.4) microg/L in pericardial fluid. The protein S-100 concentration in pericardial fluid before and after cardiac operation did not differ significantly. Pericardial protein S-100 concentrations were significantly higher than pleural and peritoneal protein S-100 concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein S-100 is present in extracerebral fluids before and after cardiac surgery in children. The time point of fluid withdrawal after the operation did not influence the protein S-100 concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Germany. nagdyman@dhzb.de
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagdyman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hübler
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stiller
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry; D035422:Pleural Cavity / Q000737:chemistry; D011184:Postoperative Period; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins