title: Psychiatric emergencies in prehospital emergency medical systems: a prospective comparison of two urban settings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychiatric emergency situations (PES) are of high importance to the German prehospital physician-based emergency medical system. So far, however, no prospective studies regarding the incidence of PES have been performed, neither have effects of training programs on diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The protocols of two emergency medical services (EMS) were collected and analyzed prospectively. Emergency physicians (EPs) in Kaiserslautern (KL) attended a standardized educational program and underwent daily supervision. EPs in Homburg (HOM) had not been informed about the study. In KL, sociodemographic variables were collected. An investigator who was not involved in the individual EMS mission assessed the correct classification of PES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all calls for an EP, 11.8% were classified as PES. There was no difference between the two centers. Correct classification of PES in KL was significantly higher than that in HOM (94.3% vs. 80.6%). Documentation of suicidal behavior was deficient in both centers. EPs in KL gave verbal crisis intervention significantly more often, administered less medication overall, and dispensed more specific drugs in psychotic disorders and significantly less drugs in substance abuse disorders. Patients were more often treated at the scene and were less often transported to a hospital. Some sociodemographic variables were associated with psychiatric morbidity of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accounting for 12% of all missions, psychiatric emergencies are a frequent reason for calls for EPs, equaling trauma-related and neurological emergencies. The most frequent reasons for calls were alcohol intoxication, states of agitation and suicidal behavior. The diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy of EPs may be improved with a concise standardized teaching program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, The Saarland University Hospitals, Homburg, Germany. pajonk@klinik-dr-fontheim.de
authors.forename: Frank-Gerald
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Pajonk
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biedler
authors.forename: Jens Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luiz
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Madler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004637:Emergency Services, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*