title: Relative contributions of biological and chemical reactions to the overall rate of pyrite oxidation at temperatures between 30 degrees C and 70 degrees C.
abstract: The stoichiometry and kinetics of the spontaneous, chemical reaction between pyrite and ferric iron was studied at 30, 45, and 70 degrees C in shake flasks at pH 1.5 by monitoring the ferrous iron, total iron, elemental sulfur, and sulfate concentration profiles in time. It was found that the sulfur moiety of pyrite was oxidized completely to sulfate. Elemental sulfur was not produced in detectable amounts. The iron moiety of pyrite was released as ferrous iron. All observed initial reaction rates could be fitted into an empirical equation. This equation includes the concentrations of ferric iron and pyrite, and a constant which is dependent on the temperature and the nature of the main anion present. It was observed that ferrous iron formed during the reaction slowed down the oxidation of pyrite by ferric iron. The extent of this effect decreased with increasing temperature. With the aid of the empirical equation, the contribution of the chemical oxidation of pyrite by ferric iron to the overall oxidation in a hypothetical plug-flow reactor, in which biologically mediated oxdidation of pyrite and ferrous iron by oxygen also takes place, can be assessed. At 30, 45, and 70 degrees C, respectively, 2, 8-17, and 43% of the pyrite was oxidized chemically by ferric iron. Therefore, it is expected that only in reactors operating at high temperatures with extremely thermophilic bacteria, will chemical oxidation cause a significant deviation from the apparent first order overall kinetics of biological pyrite oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Kluyver Laboratory of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Boogerd
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van den Beemd
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoelwinder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kuenen