title: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for resection of renal tumor in the inferior vena cava: beneficial or deleterious?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (CA) during resection of renal tumors with caval extension is limited in many institutes because of possible adverse effects on immune or platelet function. The present study examined whether routine use of CA implied a negative impact on prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six cases of renal tumor with caval extension were retrospectively reviewed (age range, 40-82 years; follow-up, 5 months to 23 years). The mean extension level (Novick classification) in the single clamp (SC) group (n=13), partial bypass (PB) group (n=8), and CA group (n=15) was 1.4, 1.8, and 3.0, respectively. There was 1 operative death (intraoperative pulmonary embolism: PB group) and 1 hospital death (pulmonary embolism of residual tumor: SC group). Volumes of bleeding and transfusion were comparable in the PB and CA groups. Although the level of tumor extension was significantly higher and operation time significantly longer in the CA group than in the other 2 groups (p<0.0001 and p=0.0003), the rate of local recurrence and 5-year survival were comparable among the 3 groups (overall 5-year survival rate 53.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits and safety of tumor resection under CA might exceed its disadvantages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. orichan@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orihashi
authors.forename: Taijiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sueda
authors.forename: Tsuguru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shigeta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*