title: Assessment of occupational genotoxic risk among Brazilian hairdressers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the genotoxic risk to hairdressers exposed daily to chemical substances such as hair dyes, waving and straightening preparations and manicurists' products by the Comet assay test (single-cell gel electrophoresis).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Comet assay was performed on blood samples from 69 female hairdressers (36.4 +/- 10.7 years old) currently employed in 21 different beauty institutes in São Paulo, Brazil, and on 55 female control blood donors (32.6 +/- 10.0 years old) from the São Paulo University Clinical Hospital blood bank. All the control subjects had occupations other than hairdresser. Comet assays were performed by evaluating 100 blood lymphocytes per individual and graded by visual score according to comet tail length.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hairdressers showed a higher frequency of DNA damage revealed by Comet Score (159.8 +/- 71) when compared to the control group (125.4 +/- 64.1), and the difference was statistically significant by the Student's t-test (P = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to the hairdressers' profession, tobacco use contributed to the higher frequency of cells with comets (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed DNA damage could be associated with the hairdressers' occupational environment, where different chemicals are chronically manipulated and inhaled. Considering that this profession in many countries, including Brazil, is not officially regulated, more attention should focus on these professionals not only by legislative bodies but also by multidisciplinary teams able to develop and implement risk prevention and control strategies for chemical, physical and biological agents to which hairdressers are exposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Ethics and Occupational Health, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05405-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maíra Precivalle
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Galiotte
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mussi
authors.forename: Gilka J F
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gattás
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001505:Beauty Culture; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020552:Comet Assay / Q000379:methods; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006203:Hair Preparations; D009153:Mutagens