title: IFATS collection: Selenium induces improvement of stem cell behaviors in human adipose-tissue stromal cells via SAPK/JNK and stemness acting signals.
abstract: In the present study, the potential of selenium to enhance stem cell behavior through improvement of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) and the associated molecular mechanism was evaluated. Selenium-induced improvement in stem cell behavior of human ATSCs caused expression of several genes, indicating downregulated mature cell marker proteins coupled with increased cell growth and telomerase activities after the overexpression of Rex1, Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-Myc. Also, selenium-treated ATSCs significantly downregulated p53 and p21 tumor suppressor gene products. Selenium induced active growth and growth enhanced by the activation of signal proteins in ATSCs via the inhibition of reactive oxygen species-mediated phospho-stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase activation. The selenium-induced activation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 and Akt in ATSCs resulted in a subsequent induction of the expression of stemness transcription factors, particularly Rex1, Nanog, and Oct4, along with definitive demethylation on regulatory regions of Rex-1, Nanog, and Oct4. The results of our small interfering RNA knockdown experiment showed that Rex1 plays a major role in the proliferation of selenium-induced ATSCs. Selenium-treated ATSCs also exhibited more profound differentiation into mesodermal and neural lineages. We performed a direct comparison of gene expression profiles in control ATSCs and selenium-treated ATSCs and delineated specific members of important growth factor, signaling, cell adhesion, and transcription factor families. The observations of improved life span and multipotency of selenium-treated ATSCs clearly indicate that selenium-treated ATSCs represent an extraordinarily useful candidate cell source for tissue regeneration. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jee Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min Ki
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.forename: Soo Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715468:Klf4 protein, mouse; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019098:Telomerase; D012643:Selenium