title: Hospital admissions associated with adverse drug reactions: a systematic review of prospective observational studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hospital admissions associated with ADRs and examine differences in prevalence rates between population groups and methods of ADR detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified through electronic searches of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and MEDLINE to August 2007. There were no language restrictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted of prospective observational studies that used the World Health Organization ADR definition. Subgroup analysis examined the influence of patient age groups and methods of ADR detection on reported ADR admission rates. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA v 9.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five studies were identified including 106,586 patients who were hospitalized; 2143 of these patients had experienced ADRs. The prevalence rates of ADRs ranged from 0.16% to 15.7%, with an overall median of 5.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 2.7-9.0%). Median ADR prevalence rates varied between age groups; for children, the ADR admission rate was 4.1% (IQR 0.16-5.3%), while the corresponding rates for adults and elderly patients were 6.3% (IQR 3.9-9.0%) and 10.7% (IQR 9.6-13.3%), respectively. ADR rates also varied depending on the methods of ADR detection employed in the different studies. Studies that employed multiple ADR detection methods, such as medical record review and patient interview, reported higher ADR admission rates compared with studies that used medical record review alone. Anti-infective drugs were most often associated with ADR admissions in children; cardiovascular drugs were most often associated with ADR admissions in adults and elderly patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately 5.3% of hospital admissions were associated with ADRs. Higher rates were found in elderly patients who are likely to be receiving multiple medications for long-term illnesses. The methods used to detect ADRs are also likely to explain much of the variation in the reported ADR prevalence rates between different studies.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Chuenjid
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kongkaew
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Noyce
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000592:standards*; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044382:Population Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization