title: Enzyme microarrays assembled by acoustic dispensing technology.
abstract: Miniaturizing bioassays to the nanoliter scale for high-throughput screening reduces the consumption of reagents that are expensive or difficult to handle. Through the use of acoustic dispensing technology, nanodroplets containing 10 microM ATP (3 microCi/microL (32)P) and reaction buffer in 10% glycerol were positionally dispensed to the surface of glass slides to form 40-nL compartments (100 droplets/slide) for Pim1 (proviral integration site 1) kinase reactions. The reactions were activated by dispensing 4 nL of various levels of a pyridocarbazolo-cyclopentadienyl ruthenium complex Pim1 inhibitor, followed by dispensing 4 nL of a Pim1 kinase and peptide substrate solution to achieve final concentrations of 150 nM enzyme and 10 microM substrate. The microarray was incubated at 30 degrees C (97% R(h)) for 1.5 h. The spots were then blotted to phosphocellulose membranes to capture phosphorylated substrate. With phosphor imaging to quantify the washed membranes, the assay showed that, for doses of inhibitor from 0.75 to 3 microM, Pim1 was increasingly inhibited. Signal-to-background ratios were as high as 165, and average coefficients of variation for the assay were approximately 20%. Coefficients of variation for dispensing typical working buffers were under 5%. Thus, microarrays assembled by acoustic dispensing are promising as cost-effective tools that can be used in protein assay development.
authors.affiliation: Penn Center for Molecular Discovery, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012996:Solutions; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C432694:Pim1 protein, Pichia pastoris