title: Novel biologic model for percutaneous renal surgery learning and training in the laboratory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the learning and training of percutaneous renal access and intrarenal procedures with a biologic porcine kidney model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We set up a biologic bench model using a porcine kidney. The kidney was wrapped in a full-thickness skin flap with subcutaneous fascia and muscle and fixed to a wooden board with 2 long steel nails. The ureter was catheterized to inject radiologic contrast medium or normal saline. Percutaneous renal manipulations were then practiced on the model under radiographic or ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urologists with "partial" experience in advanced endourologic surgery were trained using this model. Of the 33 trainees practiced the percutaneous hands-on manipulations on this model, 20 (60.6%) attained success in performing the whole percutaneous procedure. One to three percutaneous access tracts were established successfully on each kidney practiced on. Of the 42 attendants, 36 (85.7%) rated this model for simulation as "very helpful" or "helpful."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The porcine kidney model we developed is simple and easy to build with readily available materials. It provides realistic and reproducible practice for percutaneous renal surgery in the laboratory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. zhangge1@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tong-wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Jian-guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jiang-tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*; D014965:X-Rays