title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with altered immune function and chronic inflammation. Both of these immune conditions are implicated in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The authors performed a systematic review to summarize findings from the current literature on the association between history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ten case-control studies and three prospective cohort studies were included in this review. Meta-analysis found that a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was positively associated with overall non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk. However, there was significant heterogeneity between studies. Study design was an important source of heterogeneity. The rate ratio between type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was found to be 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.99, 1.42) among case-control studies and 1.79 (95% confidence interval: 1.30, 2.47) among the prospective cohort studies. Weaknesses were identified in some of the included studies in the areas of case and control selection, measurement of covariates and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and confounding control. Although a positive association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma was suggested, the evidence is inconclusive because of methodological limitations of the included case-control studies. More prospective studies with improved control of confounding are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA 91101-2453, USA. chun.r.chao@kp.org
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology