title: In vitro photodynamic therapy on human oral keratinocytes using chloroaluminum-phthalocyanine.
abstract: In this study, oral carcinoma cells were used to evaluate chloroaluminum-phthalocyanine encapsulated in liposomes as the photosensitizer agent in support of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity behavior of the encapsulated photosensitizer in both dark and under irradiation using the 670-nm laser were investigated with the classical trypan blue cell viability test, the acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining organelles test, micronucleus formation frequency, DNA fragmentation, and cell morphology. The cell morphology investigation was carried out using light and electronic microscopes. Our findings after PDT include reduction in cell viability (95%) associated with morphologic alterations. The neoplastic cell destruction was predominantly started by a necrotic process, according to the assay with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, and this was confirmed by electronic microscopy analysis. Neither the PDT agent nor laser irradiation alone showed cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, or even morphologic alterations. Our results reinforce the efficiency of light-irradiated chloroaluminum-phthalocyanine in inducing a positive effect of PDT.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Brasília DF 70910-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: E C C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Tapajós
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simioni
authors.forename: Z G M
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Lacava
authors.forename: M F M A
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tedesco
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004996:Ethidium; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014343:Trypan Blue
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C044797:chloroaluminum phthalocyanine; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange; D014343:Trypan Blue