title: Differential correlation between rates of antimicrobial drug consumption and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in a tertiary care hospital in Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there is a correlation between the rates of antimicrobial drug consumption in hospital departments and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinically important bacteria recovered in the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care hospital in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on antimicrobial consumption (from January 2001 through December 2004) were expressed as defined daily doses per 100 bed-days. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecium recovered during the same time period were calculated by the microbiology department. We then performed the following analyses: (1) a comparison of the consumption rates for different antimicrobial groups in individual hospital departments, (2) a comparison of the prevalence of resistance to different antimicrobials, and (3) a correlation analysis of antimicrobial consumption rates and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of antimicrobial consumption and the prevalence of resistance varied substantially among the hospital's departments. The annual rate of consumption for carbapenems correlated with the rate of consumption for glycopeptides and third-generation cephalosporins (P < .05). Among P. aeruginosa isolates, the prevalence of imipenem resistance correlated with the prevalence of resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime (P < .05). The rate of carbapenem consumption correlated with the prevalence of imipenem resistance among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates (P < .05). The rate of aminoglycoside consumption correlated with the prevalence of amikacin resistance among P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli isolates (P < .05). However, the rate of consumption for fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides had no correlation with the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance among gram-negative bacteria or vancomycin resistance among E. faecium isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are suggestive of a differential relationship between antimicrobial consumption and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among various species and for various antimicrobial agents. These findings may help to optimize antimicrobial prescription policies in the hospital, especially in departments that have both high rates of antimicrobial consumption and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle Hospital, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iosifidis
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antachopoulos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsivitanidou
authors.forename: Aspasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katragkou
authors.forename: Evagelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farmaki
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsiakou
authors.forename: Theano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyriazi
authors.forename: Danai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sofianou
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roilides
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006115:Greece; D006748:Hospital Departments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents