title: Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of grey water: particle size effects.
abstract: The impact of water quality on the ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of grey water was investigated with reference to urban water reuse. Direct UV disinfection of grey water did not meet the stringent California State Title 22 criteria for unrestricted urban water reuse due to the presence of particulate material ranging from < 1 to > or = 2000 microm in size. Grey water was manipulated by settling to produce fractions of varying particle size distributions and blending was employed post-disinfection to extract particle-associated coliforms (PACs). The efficacy of UV disinfection was found to be linked to the particle size of the grey water fractions. The larger particle size fractions with a mean particle size of 262 microm and above were observed to shield more coliforms from UV light than did the smaller particles with a mean particle size below 119 microm. Up to 70% of total coliforms in the larger particle size fractions were particle-associated following a UV dose (fluence) of 260 mJ.cm(-2) and would remain undetected by standard coliform enumeration techniques. Implications for urban water reuse are discussed and recommendations made for grey water treatment to ensure removal of particle-associated indicator bacteria and pathogens prior to UV disinfection.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Winward
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jefferson
mesh_terms: D004202:Disinfectants; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012722:Sewage; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen