title: Damage effects of protoporphyrin IX - sonodynamic therapy on the cytoskeletal F-actin of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.
abstract: In this study, we report evidence of the damage effects of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on a novel intracellular target, cytoskeletal F-actin, that has great importance for cancer treatment. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells suspended in PBS were exposed to ultrasound at 1.34 MHz for up to 60s in the presence and absence of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). To evaluate the polymeric state and distribution of actin filaments (AF) we employed FITC-Phalloidin staining. The percentage of cells with intact AF was decreased with 10-80 microM PPIX after ultrasonic exposure, while only few cells with disturbed F-actin were observed with 80 microM PPIX alone. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-Phalloidin labeled cells was detected by flow cytometry. The morphological changes of EAC cells were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33258 to determine apoptosis. Cytoskeletal F-actin and cell morphological changes were dependent on the time after SDT. Some cells suffered deformations of plasma membrane as blebs that reacted positively to FITC-Phalloidin at 2h after SDT treatment. Many of the cells showed the typically apoptotic chromatin fragmentation. The alterations were more significant 4h later. Our results showed that cytoskeletal F-actin might represent an important target for the SDT treatment and the observed effect on F-actin and the subsequent bleb formation mainly due to apoptosis formation due to the treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole / Q000378:metabolism; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D011524:Protoporphyrins; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D006690:Bisbenzimidazole