title: Plasticity of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) wood-forming  tissues during a growing season.
abstract: The seasonal effect is the most significant external source of variation affecting vascular cambial activity and the development of newly divided cells, and hence wood properties. Here, the effect of edapho-climatic conditions on the phenotypic and molecular plasticity of differentiating secondary xylem during a growing season was investigated. Wood-forming tissues of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) were collected from the beginning to the end of the growing season in 2003. Data from examination of fibre morphology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analytical pyrolysis, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were combined to characterize the samples. Strong variation was observed in response to changes in edapho-climatic conditions. A genomic approach was used to identify genes differentially expressed during this growing season. Out of 3512 studied genes, 19% showed a significant seasonal effect. These genes were clustered into five distinct groups, the largest two representing genes over-expressed in the early- or late-wood-forming tissues, respectively. The other three clusters were characterized by responses to specific edapho-climatic conditions. This work provides new insights into the plasticity of the molecular machinery involved in wood formation, and reveals candidate genes potentially responsible for the phenotypic differences found between early- and late-wood.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Domaine de l'Hermitage, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas Cedex, France.|Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Bât B8 RdC, Av des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France.|Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.|Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: J A P
authors.initials: JAP
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Domaine de l'Hermitage, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas Cedex, France.|Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Bât B8 RdC, Av des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France.
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Garnier-Géré
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Tropical Research Institute of Portugal (IICT), Forestry and Forest Products Centre, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, TULisbon, ISA-DEF, Tapada Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, TULisbon, ISA-DEF, Tapada Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graça
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Domaine de l'Hermitage, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas Cedex, France.|Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Bât B8 RdC, Av des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Provost
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Bât B8 RdC, Av des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaumeil
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Bois Process, FCBA InTechFibres, Domaine Universitaire, BP 251, 38044 Grenoble Cedex, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Da Silva-Perez
authors.affiliation: INRA, UR Ecologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'Environnement, EPHYSE, 71 avenue Edouard Bourleaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosc
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.|Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1700 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fevereiro
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Domaine de l'Hermitage, 69 route d'Arcachon, F-33612 Cestas Cedex, France.|Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202, BIOGECO, Bât B8 RdC, Av des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plomion
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002980:Climate; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018526:Plant Transpiration; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D013696:Temperature; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D052584:Xylem / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger