title: Real-time assessment of right and left ventricular volumes and function in patients with congenital heart disease by using high spatiotemporal resolution radial k-t SENSE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare ventricular volumes in patients with congenital heart disease measured by using (a) a cardiac gated sequence, (b) a standard real-time sequence, and (c) a radial real-time k-space and time (k-t) sensitivity encoding (SENSE) sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The local research ethics committee approved this study, and written consent was obtained from all participants. Of 40 patients with congenital heart disease, ventricular volumes were measured by using the three sequences. Global image quality and motion fidelity were scored and compared with a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Image contrast, edge sharpness, and summed perimeters (the total length of the endocardial tracings for a given ventricle at systole and diastole) were quantified and compared by using paired t tests. Ventricular volumes were compared with paired t tests, Bland-Altman analysis, and correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Global image quality, motion fidelity, image contrast, edge sharpness, and summed perimeters were all greater for radial real-time k-t SENSE imaging compared with standard real-time imaging (P < .05). However, the gated acquisitions were significantly superior to radial real-time k-t SENSE (P < .05). For cardiac gated versus radial k-t real-time acquisitions, there was no difference between right ventricular (RV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) (P > .15). There was a small difference in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV) and thus, LV stroke volume and EF (P < .05). For cardiac gated versus standard real-time acquisitions, both RV and LV EDV and thus, stroke volume and EF were significantly lower (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventricular volumes and function can be accurately quantified by using radial k-t SENSE real-time imaging.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cardiovascular MR, Cardiothoracic Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford St, London WC1N 1EH, England. v.muthurangu@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Muthurangu
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lurz
authors.forename: Jeffery D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Critchely
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Deanfield
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology