title: Fluorescence-based method, exploiting lipofuscin, for real-time detection of central nervous system tissues on bovine carcasses.
abstract: The removal of central nervous system (CNS) tissues as part of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) risk material is one of the highest priority tasks to avoid contamination of the human food chain with BSE. No currently available method enables the real-time detection of possible CNS tissue contamination on carcasses during slaughter. The fluorescent pigment lipofuscin is a heterogeneous, high-molecular weight material that has been shown to be enriched in high concentrations in neuronal tissues. In this study, lipofuscin fluorescence was investigated as a marker for real-time detection of CNS contamination. Front-faced fluorescence spectra of brain and spinal cord samples from 11 cattle gave identical, reproducible fluorescence signal patterns with high intensities. The specificity of these spectra was assessed by investigating 13 different non-CNS tissues enabling the differentiation of brain and spinal cord by signal intensity and structure of the spectra, respectively. Small quantities of bovine spinal cord were reliably detected in the presence of raw bovine skeletal muscle, fat, and vertebrae. The presented data are a fundamental basis for the development of a prototype device allowing real-time monitoring of CNS tissue contamination on bovine carcasses and meat cuts.
authors.affiliation: Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit and Pre-Harvest Food Safety and Enteric Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schönenbrücher
authors.forename: Ramkrishna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikary
authors.forename: Prasun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Maistrovich
authors.forename: Amir N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Hamir
authors.forename: Marcus E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kehrli
authors.forename: Jürgen A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Richt
authors.forename: Jacob W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Petrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D009417:Nerve Tissue; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008062:Lipofuscin