Increased retinopathy occurrence in type 1 diabetes patients with increased serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct hydroimidazolone.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate associations between serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone (MG-H1) and retinopathy in a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes.


METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study in a Scandinavian ophthalmology outpatient clinic on 61 randomly selected patients with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken at the same visit. Serum levels of hydroimidazolone immunoreactivity were determined using an immunoassay, and levels of retinopathy were determined from seven standard field stereo photographs of each eye according to the ETDRS method. Results were compared between patients with and without retinopathy.


RESULTS
Hydroimidazolone quartiles were significantly associated with retinopathy (p = 0.013). The most profound increase in occurrence of retinopathy was observed from the lowest to the second-lowest hydroimidazolone quartile. Adjusted for duration of diabetes using logistic regression, a significant difference in the presence of retinopathy was found when comparing the lowest quartile with the rest (p = 0.022).


CONCLUSIONS
In our patients with type 1 diabetes, serum levels of hydroimidazolone were found to be associated with retinopathy. This is in keeping with findings in a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Fosmark
Dag S
DS
Diabetes Research Centre, Aker and Ullevål University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway. dag.fosmark@medisin.uio.no
Berg
Jens P
JP
Jensen
Aase-Brith
AB
Sandvik
Leiv
L
Agardh
Elisabet
E
Agardh
Carl-David
CD
Hanssen
Kristian F
KF
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000097:blood*; D007118:Immunoassay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007093:Imidazoles; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C117197:imidazolone