title: Oligonucleotide-polyamine conjugates: influence of length and position of 2'-attached polyamines on duplex stability and antisense effect.
abstract: Tethering cationic ligands to oligonucleotides results in zwitterionic molecules with often improved target affinity and better cell membrane permeation. Due to the ideal distance between cationic groups, polyamines are perfect counter ions for oligonucleotides. Using an easy and versatile procedure for attaching ligands to the 2'-position, polyamines were conjugated to distinct terminal and internal positions of oligonucleotides. With polyamines attached to terminal nucleosides, the affinity to complementary DNA or RNA strands increased with growing number of cationic amines. Tethering polyamines to an internal nucleoside of wild type DNA oligonucleotides resulted in a considerable decrease in duplex stability, but in phosphorothioates, no significant decrease was detected. Conjugates exhibited progressively higher target downregulation ability with increasing polyamine chain length in a human melanoma cell culture assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. johannes.winkler@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Karmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saadat
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Gavilán
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Noe
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002412:Cations; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002412:Cations; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011073:Polyamines