title: Effects of central administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonist on elevated plus-maze and social interaction behavior in rats.
abstract: The correlation between neuronal mechanism of anxiety and neuroanatomic expression/neuromodulatory role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), points to a role of GnRH in the modulation of anxiety. Therefore, we investigated the influence of GnRH agonists and antagonist on the anxiety-like behavior of rats in the elevated plus-maze and social interaction tests. GnRH agonists, leuprolide [100 or 200 ng/rat, intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)] or 6-D-tryptophan luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (400 ng/rat, i.c.v.), significantly increased percentage of open arms entries, time spent in open arms, and time spent in social interaction. The observed anxiolytic effect of these agents was comparable with diazepam (0.5-1.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Treatment with a GnRH antagonist [pGlu-D-Phe-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ala-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2, (100 ng/rat, i.c.v.)], significantly reduced percentage of open arm indices and decreased time spent in social interaction, indicating an anxiogenic-like effect. Further, castrated rats exhibited anxiogenic-like behavior in these tests, which was significantly attenuated by leuprolide (200 ng/rat, i.c.v.) or 6-D-tryptophan luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (400 ng/rat, i.c.v.), indicating the noninvolvement of peripheral sex hormone in their anxiolytic-like effect, at least in castrated rats. In conclusion, this study indicated a putative role of GnRH in the control of anxiety, and further adds to the importance of investigating the possible role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in regulating the anxiety-related disorders arising out of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India. umathesn@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sudhir N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Umathe
authors.forename: Pravinkumar S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Bhutada
authors.forename: Nishant S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Pankaj V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Manish M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wanjari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012919:Social Behavior; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide