title: Building a simulation-based crisis resource management course for emergency medicine, phase 1: Results from an interdisciplinary needs assessment survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency department (ED) resuscitation requires the coordinated efforts of an interdisciplinary team. Human errors are common and have a negative impact on patient safety. Although crisis resource management (CRM) skills are utilized in other clinical domains, most emergency medicine (EM) caregivers currently receive no formal CRM training.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to compile and compare attitudes toward CRM training among EM staff physicians, nurses, and residents at two Canadian academic teaching hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency physicians (EPs), residents, and nurses were asked to complete a Web survey that included Likert scales and short answer questions. Focus groups and pilot testing were used to inform survey development. Thematic content analysis was performed on the qualitative data set and compared to quantitative results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 75.7% (N = 84). There was strong consensus regarding the importance of core CRM principles (i.e., effective communication, team leadership, resource utilization, problem-solving, situational awareness) in ED resuscitation. Problems with coordinating team actions (58.8%), communication (69.6%), and establishing priorities (41.3%) were among factors implicated in adverse events. Interdisciplinary collaboration (95.1%), efficiency of patient care (83.9%), and decreased medical error (82.6%) were proposed benefits of CRM training. Communication between disciplines is a barrier to effective ED resuscitation for 94.4% of nurses and 59.7% of EPs (p = 0.008). Residents reported a lack of exposure to (64.3%), yet had interest in (96.4%) formal CRM education using human patient simulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses rate communication as a barrier to teamwork more frequently than physicians. EM residents are keen to learn CRM skills. An opportunity exists to create a novel interdisciplinary CRM curriculum to improve EM team performance and mitigate human error.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. chrismikehicks@gmail.com
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Glen W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bandiera
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Denny
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003479:Curriculum; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000592:standards*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009726:Nurses; D010820:Physicians; D012151:Resuscitation; D012449:Safety / Q000592:standards