title: The metabolic headaches.
abstract: This review discusses headaches secondary to disorders of homeostasis, formerly known as "headaches associated with metabolic or systemic diseases." They include the headaches attributed to 1) hypoxia and/or hypercapnia (high altitude, diving, sleep apnea); 2) dialysis; 3) arterial hypertension; 4) hypothyroidism; 5) fasting; and 6) cardiac cephalalgia. For each headache type, we discuss the clinical features and diagnosis, as well as therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Global Director for Scientific Affairs, Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, One Merck Drive, PO Box 100, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA. marcelo_bigal@merck.com
authors.forename: Marcelo E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bigal
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gladstone
mesh_terms: D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy