title: The safety and efficacy in humans of endoscopic mucosal resection with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as compared with normal saline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a therapeutic modality that utilizes fluid to form a submucosal fluid cushion (SFC) for the treatment of early gastrointestinal neoplasia. The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy in humans of EMR with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as compared with historical controls of EMR performed with normal saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study presented data on EMR performed in 89 lesions in 88 patients was compared with 22 control EMRs performed with normal saline. Indications for EMR included known or suspected cancerous or precancerous lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Efficacy of EMR was based on rates of complete excision and tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMR was performed in 89 lesions with HPMC-EMR used in 67 lesions and compared with 22 historical control lesions treated with saline EMR by the same five endoscopists. Lesion size and location were similar in both HPMC and saline groups. Complications were observed in six patients [5/67 (8%) HPMC and 1/22 (5%) saline, p > 0.2]. Long-term follow-up with repeat endoscopy was available on 43 lesions and identified 35/43 to be completely excised [20/25 (80%) HPMC-EMR and 15/18 (83%) saline EMR, p > 0.2]. Size of the lesion was not associated with success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both HPMC and normal saline are effective agents for creating a submucosal cushion for EMR. Larger randomized studies are needed to determine statistically significant differences in efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. bacani.christopher@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bacani
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Haddad
authors.forename: Kyung W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Surakit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pungpapong
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D008747:Methylcellulose