title: Phylogenic analysis of the M genes of influenza viruses isolated from free-flying water birds from their Northern Territory to Hokkaido, Japan.
abstract: During 2000-2007, 218 influenza viruses of 28 different combinations of HA (H1-H13) and NA (N1-N9) subtypes were isolated from fecal samples of free-flying water birds at two distant lakes in Hokkaido, Japan. Phylogenic analysis of the matrix (M) genes of 67 strains, selected on the basis of their subtype combinations, revealed that A/duck/Hokkaido/W95/2006 (H10N8) was a reassortant whose M and NA genes [corrected] belonged to North American non-gull-avian and the other six [corrected] genes to Eurasian non-gull-avian lineages. The M genes of other 65 strains belonged to Eurasian non-gull-avian and the one to Eurasian-gull lineages. The M genes of 65 strains were grouped into three different sublineages, indicating that influenza viruses circulating in different populations of free-flying water birds have evolved independently in nature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manzoor
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mweene
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Gui-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isoda
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soda
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology*; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology*; D004372:Ducks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015876:Northern Territory; D010802:Phylogeny; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C488936:M1 protein, Influenza A virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins