title: A surgical ankle sprain pain model in the rat: effects of morphine and indomethacin.
abstract: Ankle sprain is a frequent injury in humans that results in pain, swelling and difficulty in walking on the affected side. Currently a suitable animal model resembling human ankle sprain is lacking. Here, we describe an animal ankle sprain model induced by ankle ligament injury (ALI) in rats. Cutting combinations of the lateral ankle ligament complex produced pain, edema and difficulty of weight bearing, thereby mimicking severe (grade III) ankle sprain in humans. Analgesic compounds, morphine and indomethacin, significantly reversed the reduced weight bearing, thus indicating that reduction of weight bearing is partially due to pain. The ALI model is a new ankle sprain model that may be useful for the study of ankle sprain pain mechanisms and treatments, as well as for the screening of new analgesic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA.
authors.forename: Hee Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jigong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kyungsoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jin Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009020:Morphine; D007213:Indomethacin