title: Chronic kidney disease--a common and serious complication after intestinal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease after organ transplantation is a serious complication that negatively impacts on long-term patient survival. We describe long-term renal function after intestinal transplantation by serial measurements of glomerular filtration rates (GFR) with Chromium EDTA clearance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with at least 6 months survival form the basis of this report. Glomerular filtration rate measurements were performed at baseline, 3 months posttransplantation, and yearly thereafter. Median follow-up time for the cohort was 1.5 years (0.5-7.8 years). Tacrolimus (Prograf) was discontinued in four patients because of impaired renal function. These four patients were switched to sirolimus (Rapamune) at 11, 18, 24, and 40 months posttransplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median baseline GFR was 67 (22-114) mL/min/1.73 m. In the adult patients, GFR 3 months posttransplantation had decreased to 50% of the baseline. At 1 year, median GFR in the adult patients was reduced by 72% (n=5). Two patients developed renal failure within the first year and required hemodialysis. One of the pediatric patients fully recovered her renal function, the second pediatric patient lost 20% of her baseline GFR at 6 months posttransplantation. Glomerular filtration rate calculated with the modified diet in renal disease formula consistently overestimated GFR by approximately 30% compared with measured GFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic kidney disease and renal failure are common after intestinal transplantation. These two factors significantly contribute to poor long-term survival rates. Measurements of GFR may help to identify those individuals at risk for developing chronic kidney disease to implement renal sparing strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. Gustaf.herlenius@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gustaf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herlenius
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fägerlind
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krantz
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mölne
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olausson
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gäbel
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Friman
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oltean
authors.forename: Styrbjörn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Friman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D002908:Chronic Disease; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D004492:Edetic Acid; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus