title: A two-site ELISA can quantify upregulation of SMN protein by drugs for spinal muscular atrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by loss of lower motor neurons during early or postnatal development. Severity is variable and is inversely related to the levels of survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein. The aim of this study was to produce a two-site ELISA capable of measuring both the low, basal levels of SMN protein in cell cultures from patients with severe SMA and small increases in these levels after treatment of cells with drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A monoclonal antibody against recombinant SMN, MANSMA1, was selected for capture of SMN onto microtiter plates. A selected rabbit antiserum against refolded recombinant SMN was used for detection of the captured SMN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of SMN levels in control fibroblasts to levels in SMA fibroblasts was greater than 3.0, consistent with Western blot data. The limit of detection was 0.13 ng/mL and SMN could be measured in human NT-2 neuronal precursor cells grown in 96-well culture plates (3 x 10(4) cells per well). Increases in SMN levels of 50% were demonstrable by ELISA after 24 hours treatment of 10(5) SMA fibroblasts with valproate or phenylbutyrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rapid and specific two-site, 96-well ELISA assay, available in kit format, can now quantify the effects of drugs on survival of motor neurons protein levels in cell cultures.
authors.affiliation: Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
authors.lastname: Nguyen thi Man
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sewry
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009134:Muscular Atrophy, Spinal / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010654:Phenylbutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D010654:Phenylbutyrates; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D055533:Survival of Motor Neuron 1 Protein; D014635:Valproic Acid