title: Nephrotoxicity of insect and spider venoms in Latin America.
abstract: One of the most important and lethal effects of animal venoms is nephrotoxicity. In Latin America, severe acute kidney injury has been reported after accidents with poisonous arthropods such as bees, caterpillars of the genus Lonomia, and spiders of the genus Loxosceles. In this article the characteristics of these venoms, their probable mechanisms of renal damage, and the clinical picture of the accidents are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.. Electronic address: kader@usp.br.
authors.forename: Regina C R M
authors.initials: RCRM
authors.lastname: Abdulkader
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Katia C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elvino José Guradão
authors.initials: EJG
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emmanuel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Burdmann
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001180:Arthropod Venoms