title: The cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) influence insulin sensitivity and are used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Rosiglitazone achieves sustained improvements in glycaemic control, whilst having pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular risk factors. However, analysis of cardiovascular outcomes has been controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Review the cardiovascular safety of rosiglitazone by conducting a literature search.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a PubMed search and critically reviewed published work on cardiovascular outcome of rosiglitazone, including clinical studies and meta-analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis by Nissen and Wolski suggested increased cardiovascular risk in users of rosiglitazone, but this was not supported by an interim analysis of the RECORD trial designed to evaluate this, and several other reports failed to shed conclusive light on this issue. The cardiovascular benefits of pioglitazone have also been in doubt due to the failure of the PROactive trial to reach the primary cardiovascular end points, although this study reported a significant reduction in secondary end points. All of this has left diabetes care in some disarray, with weak evidence for adverse cardiovascular effects driving the reduced use of rosiglitazone, an agent that has important sustained effects on glycaemic control.
authors.affiliation: University of Leeds, Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics Health and Therapeutics, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
authors.forename: Ramzi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ajjan
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012307:Risk Factors; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000077205:Pioglitazone