title: A comparison of the effects of milk and a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on the restoration of fluid balance and exercise capacity in a hot, humid environment.
abstract: Following a 2.0 +/- 0.1% body mass loss induced by intermittent exercise in the heat, seven male volunteers ingested either a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CE) or skimmed milk (M) in a volume equal to 150% of body mass loss. At the end of the 3 h recovery period, subjects were essentially in positive fluid balance on trial M (191 +/- 162 mL), and euhydrated on trial CE (-135 +/- 392 mL) despite being in negative sodium balance on both trials and negative potassium balance on trial CE. This difference of 326 +/- 354 mL or 0.4% body mass approached significance (P = 0.051). Subjects ingested 137 +/- 15 and 113 +/- 12 g of CHO during the CE and M trials, respectively, as well as 75 +/- 8 g of protein during the M trial. At the end of the 3 h recovery period, an exercise capacity test was completed at 61% VO(2peak) in warm (35.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C), humid (63 +/- 2%) conditions. HR (P = 0.020) and rectal temperature (P = 0.045) were higher on trial M, but no difference in exercise time to exhaustion was observed between trials (39.6 +/- 7.3 min vs. 39.7 +/- 8.1 min on trials CE and M, respectively). The results of the present study suggest that milk can be an effective post-exercise rehydration drink, with subjects remaining in net positive fluid balance throughout the recovery period. Despite the effect on fluid retention, exercise capacity was not different between skimmed milk and a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte drink 4 h following exercise/heat-induced body mass loss.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shirreffs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages; D003681:Dehydration; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004573:Electrolytes; D006003:Glycogen