title: Adjuvant and anti-inflammatory properties of cigarette smoke in murine allergic airway inflammation.
abstract: The impact of cigarette smoke on allergic asthma remains controversial both clinically and experimentally. The objective of this study was to investigate, in a murine model, how cigarette smoke affects immune inflammatory processes elicited by a surrogate allergen. In our experimental design, mice were concurrently exposed to cigarette smoke and ovalbumin (OVA), an innocuous antigen that, unless introduced in the context of an adjuvant, induces inhalation tolerance. We show that cigarette smoke exposure has adjuvant properties, allowing for allergic mucosal sensitization to OVA. Specifically, concurrent exposure to cigarette smoke and OVA for 2 weeks led to airway eosinophilia and goblet cell hyperplasia. In vivo OVA recall challenge 1 month after the last smoke exposure showed that concurrent exposure to OVA and cigarette smoke induced antigen-specific memory. Robust eosinophilia and OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE characterized the ensuing inflammatory response. Mechanistically, allergic sensitization was, in part, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) dependent, as a significant reduction in BAL eosinophilia was observed in mice treated with an anti-GM-CSF antibody. Of note, continuous smoke exposure attenuated the OVA recall response; decreased airway eosinophilia was observed in mice continuously exposed to cigarette smoke compared with mice that ceased the smoke exposure protocol. In conclusion, we demonstrate experimentally that while cigarette smoke acts as an adjuvant allowing for allergic sensitization, it also attenuates the ensuing eosinophilic inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: Carla M T
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fattouh
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Stämpfli
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000276:immunology*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012906:Smoke; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D015703:Antigens, CD; D012906:Smoke; D010047:Ovalbumin