title: Enhancement of sodium butyrate-induced cell death by hyperthermia in HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The possible enhancing effect of the combined use of sodium butyrate (SB) and hyperthermia to kill HCT 116 cells was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCT 116 cells were subjected to SB (1 mM) treatment followed by hyperthermia (44 degrees C 60 min) and the effects on cell death, cell proliferation and the cell cycle were examined. Apoptosis-indicating protein expressions and intracellular superoxide formation were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A marked reduction in the growth rate of the combined-treatment group was observed compared to those of the single-treatment groups. This involved the increased expression of p53 and p21, the alteration of the balance of anti- and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and enhanced superoxide formation. However, the death receptor pathway played no role.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperthermia synergistically promoted cell death induced by SB. Thus, the combined treatment led to mutual potentiation of the killing effects of each agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Zheng-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Da-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Mariame A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C494772:BAK1 protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D002087:Butyrates; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D013481:Superoxides; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8