title: Relook TURBT in superficial bladder cancer: its importance and its correlation with the tumor ploidy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate various prognostic factor predictors of residual growth in Relook transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in superficial bladder cancer. Also, to evaluate the role of Relook TURBT along with the ploidy for prediction of recurrence and stage progression in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent TURBT after complete evaluation. Ploidy of the tumor specimen was evaluated by flow cytometry. After 4 to 6 weeks of initial TURBT, these patients underwent Relook TURBT. Final treatment was given after the results of the histological evaluation of these specimens. Patients who underwent bladder sparing treatment were followed-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 28.5% had residual tumor in Relook TURBT. Growth was found to be at the same site in 66.7% and at a different site 33.3%; 75% had single while 25% had multiple residual growth. Residual malignant tissue had a statistically significant correlation with size of the tumor (>3 cm), appearance (solid tumor), number (>3), grade (high), and multiple previous resections. Overall, the up-migration of stage and grade leads to change in treatment in 41.6%; 5 underwent radical cystectomy and 1 opted for radiotherapy; in 2 patients, intravesical BCG was given. In follow-up of mean 11.5 months, 16.6% had recurrence. Presence of residual growth in Relook TURBT along with number, size, morphology, and multiple previous resections were found to have significant correlation with the recurrence in these patients. Ploidy and grade of the tumor were not found to have correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple, more than 3 cm, solid high grade tumor with > 3 previous resections were predictors of presence of residual tumor in Relook TURBT. Presence of residual growth is a significant risk factor for recurrence. Ploidy was not found to be significantly correlated with recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Udai S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Abhay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Suren K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunder
authors.forename: Pratap B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*