title: Multilocus microsatellite typing for Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.
abstract: Fifteen randomly selected microsatellites (simple sequence repeats; SSRs), from the H99 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) genome, were sequenced, characterized and applied to sequence 87 clinical and environmental C. neoformans var. grubii isolates from 12 different countries based on Multilocus Microsatellite Typing (MLMT). Among the 15 SSR loci, three (designated CNG1, CNG2 and CNG3) were polymorphic, while the remaining 12 SSR loci showed no variations. The specific PCR primers of the polymorphic microsatellites, i.e., CNG1, CNG2 and CNG3, amplified those loci only from strains of C. neoformans (C. neoformans var. grubii, C. neoformans var. neoformans and the AD hybrid) but not from Cryptococcus gattii, suggesting a species-specific association. The three polymorphic microsatellites are useful markers for strain genotyping, population genetic analysis, epidemiological studies, and may be helpful for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis due to C. neoformans.
authors.affiliation: Medical Mycology Research Center (former Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanafy
authors.forename: Sirada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaocharoen
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jover-Botella
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsu
authors.forename: Soji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gonoi
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000235:genetics*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005843:Geography; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012703:Serotyping; D013045:Species Specificity