title: Advances in esophageal motor disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esophageal motor disorders, often leading to dysphagia and chest pain, continue to pose diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In the past 12 months important new information regarding esophageal motor disorders was published. This information will be reviewed in this paper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A number of studies have addressed the issue of heterogeneity in achalasia, the best defined esophageal motility disorder. The spastic esophageal motility disorders nutcracker esophagus and diffuse esophageal spasm may coexist with gastroesophageal reflux disease, which has consequences for the management of patients with these disorders. The entity labelled ineffective esophageal motility is associated with reflux esophagitis, but also with morbid obesity. For the detection of disordered transit caused by ineffective esophageal motility, application of intraluminal impedance monitoring in conjunction with manometry leads to improved diagnosis. New data on the effect of Nissen fundoplication on esophageal motility were published during the last year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent knowledge on the heterogeneity of achalasia and the association of spastic esophageal motor disorders and ineffective motility with reflux disease will help the clinician in the management of patients with these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. asmout@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: André Jpm
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smout
mesh_terms: D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018662:Fundoplication; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy