title: Chronic nicotine improves cognitive performance in a test of attention but does not attenuate cognitive disruption induced by repeated phencyclidine administration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nicotine-induced cognitive enhancement may be a factor maintaining tobacco smoking, particularly in psychiatric populations suffering from cognitive deficits. Schizophrenia patients exhibit higher smoking rates compared with the general population, suggesting that attempts to self-medicate cognitive schizophrenia deficits may underlie these high smoking levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study explored pro-cognitive effects of nicotine in a model of schizophrenia-like cognitive dysfunction to test this self-medication hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated whether chronic nicotine (3.16 mg/kg/day, base) would attenuate the performance disruption in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT, a task assessing various cognitive modalities, including attention) induced by repeated administration of phencyclidine (PCP), an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that induces cognitive deficits relevant to schizophrenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic nicotine administration shortened 5-CSRTT response latencies under baseline conditions. Nicotine-treated rats also made more correct responses and fewer omissions than vehicle-treated rats. Replicating previous studies, repeated PCP administration (2 mg/kg, 30 min before behavioral testing for two consecutive days followed 2 weeks later by five consecutive days of PCP administration) decreased accuracy and increased response latencies, premature responding, and timeout responding. Chronic nicotine did not attenuate these PCP-induced disruptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic nicotine had pro-cognitive effects by itself, supporting the hypothesis that cognitive enhancement may contribute to tobacco smoking. At the doses of nicotine and PCP used, however, no support was found for the hypothesis that the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognitive deficits induced by repeated PCP administration, assessed in the 5-CSRTT, are larger than nicotine effects in the absence of PCP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA.
authors.forename: Nurith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amitai
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004343:Drug Implants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010622:Phencyclidine; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D010622:Phencyclidine