title: Correlation of microalbumin and sialic acid with anthropometric variables in type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to correlate microalbumin and sialic acid levels with anthropometric variables in type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a case control study and included 108 Trinidadian subjects (aged 15-60 years) of which 30 were healthy individuals, 38 had type 2 diabetes, and 40 were of type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Blood pressure and waist to hip ratio were recorded. Fasting venous blood samples and urine samples were collected from all the subjects. Blood samples were analysed for the glucose, C-reactive protein, and sialic acid. Urine sample was analysed for microalbumin and sialic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary microalbumin was higher among diabetic subjects (28.9 +/- 30.3 mg/L) compared with controls (8.4 +/- 10.2 mg/L) and was significantly higher in diabetic patients with nephropathy (792.3 +/- 803.9 mg/L). Serum sialic acid was higher in subjects with diabetic nephropathy (71.5 +/- 23.3 mg/dL) compared to diabetics (66.0 +/- 11.7 mg/dL) and controls (55.2 +/- 8.3 mg/dL). Increased microalbumin and sialic acid were correlated with other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and waist to hip ratios (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results it can be concluded that the increased microalbumin and sialic acid were strongly correlated with hypertension and waist to hip ratios in Trinidadian type-2 diabetic patients. Measurement of sialic acid, microalbumin, and waist to hip ratio along with the blood pressure is recommended for all type 2 diabetic patients to reduce the cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, West Indies. snayak@fms.uwi.tt
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shivananda Nayak
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Sunita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lalloo
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maraj
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matmungal
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Bhupinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Pearse
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sylvester
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid