The multiple facets of toll-like receptors in transplantation biology.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to a family of pattern-recognition receptors for microbial products and endogenous molecules released by stressed cells. Experimental studies show that TLRs are involved in the process of acute allograft rejection and that their activation can prevent transplantation tolerance. Herein, we review the expression of TLRs and the impact of TLR signaling in different cell types in grafted organs including antigen-presenting cells, T and B lymphocytes, epithelial and endothelial cells. We then discuss the involvement of TLRs in the different phases of the rejection phenomenon and the impact of TLR-mediated events on regulatory circuits which dampen alloimmune responses.
Alegre
Maria-Luisa
ML
Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Leemans
Jaklien
J
Le Moine
Alain
A
Florquin
Sandrine
S
De Wilde
Virginie
V
Chong
Anita
A
Goldman
Michel
M
D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors