title: The combined burden of cognitive, executive function, and psychosocial problems in children with epilepsy: a population-based study.
abstract: The combined burden of psychosocial (Achenbach scales), cognitive (Raven matrices), and executive function (EF) problems was studied in a population-based sample of 6- to 12-year-old children with epilepsy (n=162; 99 males, 63 females) and in an age- and sex-matched control group (n=107; 62 males, 45 females). Approximately 35% of the children with epilepsy had severe non-verbal cognitive problems. In those that did not, mild cognitive problems (26% vs 11%, p=0.005), EF problems (31% vs 11%, p<0.001), and psychosocial problems (45% vs 10%, p<0.001) were each much more common than among controls. Having problems in two or all three of these areas simultaneously was more frequent among the children with epilepsy (14% vs. 3%, p<0.001 and 4% vs 0%, p<0.001 respectively). Excluding those having remote symptomatic epilepsy aetiology did not change the problem load significantly for the children with epilepsy with the important exception that having severe non-verbal problems was approximately halved from 35 to 18%. In 30 children with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes, mild cognitive problems were somewhat more common, but psychosocial and EF problems were similar compared with control children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Høie
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sommerfelt
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Waaler
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Alsaker
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skeidsvoll
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mykletun
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D018672:Community Health Planning; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics