title: Ethanol extract of Dunaliella salina induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
abstract: The ethanol extract of Dunaliella salina (EDS) on proliferation and apoptosis in the A549 human lung cancer cell line and their associated protein expressions were investigated. After 24 and 48 h treatment, MTT assay showed that 25 microg/ml of EDS significantly reduced A549 cell proliferation by 25.2% (p<0.05) and 48.3% (p<0.01), respectively. To explore its molecular mechanisms in regulating cell proliferation, we first showed that EDS markedly reduced A549 proliferation via inhibition of BrdU incorporation at 25 microg/ml by 65.8% (p<0.001). By cytometric analysis, EDS was found to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. In the DNA gel electrophoresis assay, EDS (25, 50 and 100 microg/ml) induced significant apoptosis at 48 h. Annexin V/Propodium iodide double staining demonstrated that administration of EDS (25 microg/ml) in 12, 24 and 48 h induces apoptosis of 27.7%, 30.7%, and 38.7%. Western blotting assay demonstrated that EDS significantly increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p53 and p21 and death-receptor proteins Fas and FasL. Bax expression was also elevated by treatment with EDS. Our data suggested that EDS could influence the antiproliferative effects and induce cell cycle G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ming-Jyh
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Guan-Jhong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chieh-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jwo-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Heng-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shu-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000431:Ethanol