title: Current concepts in midfacial rejuvenation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of the aging midface is an underappreciated element of overall facial rejuvenation. The anatomy of the midface and the pathophysiology of midface aging both remain somewhat controversial. The quest for ideal long-lasting midfacial rejuvenation continues. The purpose of this paper is to outline the latest progress in the field of midface rejuvenation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complexity of midface anatomy has sparked many new investigations. Minimally invasive techniques such as threadlifts have shown promise but require further study. Volume augmentation with autologous fat and fillers is an important aspect of midface rejuvenation. Nonablative therapies offer an attractive concept, but the ideal modality still does not exist. Enthusiasm for cheek implants seems to be decreasing in favor of soft-tissue-based treatments. Open surgical treatment via suspension techniques continues to be an important option for surgeons when rejuvenating the aging midface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cadaver dissection and clinical observation have recently been used to further define the complex anatomy of the aging midface. New developments in both minimally invasive and open surgical procedures continue to both advance and redefine the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. downsb@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Tom D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000818:Animals; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000502:physiology; D013536:Suture Techniques