title: Fetuin-A and incident diabetes mellitus in older persons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetuin-A is a hepatic secretory protein that binds the insulin receptor and inhibits insulin action in vitro. In prior cross-sectional studies in humans, higher fetuin-A levels were associated with insulin resistance. However, the longitudinal association of fetuin-A with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether fetuin-A levels are associated with incident diabetes in older persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study among 3075 well-functioning persons aged 70 to 79 years. In this case-cohort study, we retrospectively measured fetuin-A levels in baseline serum among 406 randomly selected participants without prevalent diabetes, and all participants who developed incident diabetes mellitus during a 6-year follow-up (to August 31, 2005).
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incident diabetes developed in 135 participants (10.1 cases/1000 person-years). Participants with fetuin-A levels within the highest tertile (> 0.97 g/L) had an increased risk of incident diabetes (13.3 cases/1000 person-years) compared with participants in the lowest tertile (< or = 0.76 g/L) (6.5 cases/1000 person-years) in models adjusted for age, sex, race, waist circumference, body weight, physical activity, blood pressure level, fasting glucose level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, and C-reactive protein level (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.53; P = .007). The association was not affected by adipocytokine levels but was moderately attenuated by adjustment for visceral adiposity (adjusted hazard ratio of highest vs lowest tertile 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-3.05; P = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among well-functioning older persons, serum fetuin-A is associated with incident diabetes, independent of other markers of insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, and San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, Mail Code 111-H, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. joeix@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Joachim H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ix
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wassel
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vittinghoff
authors.forename: Karen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cauley
authors.forename: Tamara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat; D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein
chemical_list: C556354:AHSG protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein