title: Maximum virginiamycin production by optimization of cultivation conditions in batch culture with autoregulator addition.
abstract: A strategy for optimization of non-growth-associated production in batch culture employing an empirical approach was developed through the study of virginiamycin production. The strategy is formulated with two aims: attaining a high cell concentration at the beginning of the production phase without decrease in production activity; and enhancing the production activity during the production phase. As a practical example, the goal of a maximum virginiamycin (M and S) production in the batch culture of Streptomyces virginiae was set. To attain a high cell concentration in the production phase of the batch culture, that is, to extend the growth phase for as long as possible, the optimum composition and concentration of the complex medium, especially the yeast extract (YE) concentration, were first investigated. Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration control was also a parameter considered in maintaining the production activity during the production phase. In addition, to enhance the production activity, an optimum addition strategy of an autoregulator, virginiae butanolide-C (VB-C), was investigated. Combining these measures, the optimum cultivation conditions were found to be an initial YE concentration in the complex medium of 45 g/L, the shot addition of 300 mug/L of VB-C 11.5 h after the start of the batch culture, and a DO concentration maintained above 2 mg/L. The maximum concentrations of virginiamycin M and S were about ninefold those obtained under nonoptimum cultivation conditions. Nonoptimum cultivation conditions consisted of an initial YE concentration one sixth (7.5 g/L) that of the optimum cultivation conditions, and no VB-C addition. These conditions were used as representative of the standard cultivation of virginiamycin in this study. The strategy developed here will be applicable to the production of other antibiotics, especially to the cultivation of Streptomyces species, in which a hormonelike signal material (an autoregulator) plays an important role in antibiotic production. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565, Japan.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shioya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nihira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada