title: Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting Tver Province (Russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species.
abstract: Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) and Lyme borreliosis (LB) are tick-borne infectious diseases caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, respectively. In this study, p44/msp2 paralogues specific to A. phagocytophilum and 5S-23S rRNA gene-intergenic spacers specific to B. burgdorferi sensu lato species were detected by PCR in ticks collected in two regions, Tver (Kalinin) and Konakovo, of the Tver (Kalinin) Province located 150 km north-west of Moscow. The PCR amplicons obtained were further characterized by sequencing and RFLP analysis. In the total of 199 ticks collected, 8.8 % (7/80) and 33.8 % (27/80) of Ixodes ricinus, and 2.5 % (3/119) and 45.4 % (54/119) of Ixodes persulcatus, were found to be infected with A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi sensu lato spp., respectively. Of those 199 ticks, 5 (2.5 %) were coinfected with A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia afzelii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed unique p44/msp2 paralogous genes in A. phagocytophilum-infected Russian ticks. The sequence similarities with those of A. phagocytophilum in the United States, UK and Japan ranged from 42 % to 80.4 %, and there were no sequences showing more than 90 % similarity with those sequences from the other countries. The results showed that the p44/msp2 sequence similarity groups may provide an index of adaptation of A. phagocytophilum strains to specific vector ticks or reservoir hosts in different countries and areas. These findings suggest that there is a public health threat from HGA and LB in Tver Province surrounding Moscow.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi 288-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuzawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Basic Medicine, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Lomonosovsky Prospect 31, Korpus 5, 117192 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Kharitonenkov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi 288-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiba Institute of Science (CIS), Choshi 288-0025, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka and Global COE Program, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018884:Ixodes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004247:DNA