title: MR imaging of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a blinded and controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The E200K mutation of the PRNP (prion protein) gene is the most common cause of familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (fCJD), which has imaging and clinical features that are similar to the sporadic form. The purpose of this study was to conduct a controlled and blinded evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging in this unique population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the MR imaging characteristics of 15 early stage familial CJD patients (age, 60 +/- 7 years) with a group of 22 healthy subjects from the same families (age, 61 +/- 8 years). MR imaging included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging, and a fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. The scans were rated for abnormalities by an experienced neuroradiologist blind to diagnosis, group assignment, age, and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 15 fCJD subjects had abnormal MR imaging. FLAIR signal intensity abnormality in the caudate or putamen nuclei demonstrated a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 91%. DWI abnormality in the caudate nucleus showed a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 100%. Abnormalities in the thalamus (6 patients), cingulate gyrus (6 patients), frontal lobes (4 patients), and occipital lobes (3 patients) were best detected with DWI. No signal intensity abnormalities were demonstrated in the cerebellum. T2-weighted and T1-weighted sequences were uninformative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FLAIR and DWI abnormalities in the caudate nucleus and putamen offer the best sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing fCJD. Our findings support recent recommendations that MR imaging should be added to the diagnostic evaluation of CJD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520- 8043, USA. robert.fulbright@yale.edu
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Fulbright
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozamantir
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Prohovnik
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D000072002:Prion Proteins; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics; D011699:Putamen / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C512656:PRNP protein, human; D000072002:Prion Proteins; D011328:Prions