title: Automated determination of seven phenolic compounds in mainstream tobacco smoke.
abstract: Exposure to hydroxyl-substituted arenes, commonly referred to as phenols or phenolic compounds, can have serious health consequences. Select phenols present in tobacco smoke are cardiovascular toxins, act as tumor co-promoters and show genotoxic activity. To examine the mainstream smoke levels of these compounds, we developed and applied a method for quantitative analysis of seven phenols (phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) in mainstream smoke. Total mainstream smoke particulate matter was collected on a Cambridge filter pad and spiked with an isotopically labeled internal standard solution. This pad underwent an automated phenol derivatization procedure to increase analyte volatility and enhance detection. Following the derivatization step, phenols from the particulate matter were sampled using solid-phase microextraction with subsequent gas chromatography/mass spectrometric detection. Sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy, and reproducibility were more than adequate for routine detection of phenols in mainstream smoke. Detection limits ranged from 0.04-0.57 microg, with a quantification range of 0.1-710 microg. Higher sensitivity and sample throughput were achieved compared with previously described methods. Mainstream smoke from 28 brands of domestic commercial cigarettes was evaluated to assess typical levels, and reference cigarettes containing single tobacco blends were examined to ascertain the phenolic profile from different types of tobaccos. As expected under machine smoking conditions using the Federal Trade Commission parameters, full-flavored cigarettes deliver more phenols than the light varieties, followed by the ultra light varieties. Differences were seen in relative levels of phenolic compounds in the mainstream smoke from unfiltered cigarettes made with a single type of tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laborarory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 31314, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Stanfill
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Polzin
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Clifford H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D002396:Catechols / Q000032:analysis; D003408:Cresols / Q000032:analysis; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000032:analysis; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014481:United States; D014485:United States Federal Trade Commission; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D003408:Cresols; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D006873:Hydroquinones; D010636:Phenols; D012118:Resorcinols; D012906:Smoke; C032538:4-cresol; C034221:catechol; C031927:hydroquinone; C031389:resorcinol; C034047:2-cresol