title: A comparative quantitative analysis of cytoarchitecture and minicolumnar organization in Broca's area in humans and great apes.
abstract: Broca's area was identified in the inferior frontal gyrus of chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan brains through direct cytoarchitectonic comparison with human brains. Across species, Broca's area comprises Brodmann's areas 44 and 45. We found that these areas exhibited similar cytoarchitectonic characteristics in all species examined. We analyzed the minicolumnar organization of cells in layer III of Broca's area in 11 human and 9 great ape specimens. A semiautomated method was used to analyze digitized images of histological sections stained for Nissl substance. Horizontal spacing distance and gray level index (GLI; or the area fraction occupied by cells) were quantified in all images. In contrast to area Tpt, the only cortical area for which comparative minicolumnar data have been published previously for humans and one of the great apes, we found no population-level asymmetry, for either horizontal spacing distance or GLI. Only human females exhibited a leftward asymmetry in GLI. GLI was lower in humans than in great apes (P < 0.001), allowing more space for connectivity in layer III. In humans, horizontal spacing distance was greater than in great apes but smaller relative to brain size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. schenker@gwu.edu
authors.forename: Natalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Schenker
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Buxhoeveden
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Blackmon
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amunts
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Semendeferi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015186:Hominidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019974:Pan paniscus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus / Q000033:anatomy & histology