title: The clinical course of steroid-sensitive childhood nephrotic syndrome is associated with a functional IL12B promoter polymorphism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (NS) of childhood is the most common glomerular disease in children. The type and duration of response to corticosteroid therapy are used for clinical classification, and especially patients with steroid dependence often have a complicated course, requiring intensified immunosuppressive treatment. Its cause is still unknown although a cytokine-mediated course of disease has been implicated. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is critical in determining the type of immune response. The ability of dendritic cells to secrete bioactive IL-12 is associated with a bi-allelic polymorphism within the promoter region of IL12B, the gene encoding the IL-12 p40 subunit. We hypothesized that this genotype may be involved in steroid-sensitive INS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using allele-specific PCR, 79 children with relapsing NS were genotyped for the IL12Bpro polymorphism, and genotype was correlated with clinical phenotype (presence/absence of steroid dependence).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with the steroid-dependent course are at a significantly higher frequency homozygous for one IL12B allele compared to children without steroid dependence (46.7% and 17.6%, respectively). This genotype has previously been shown to be associated with impaired IL-12 secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms in the IL12B promoter region associate with two different clinical courses of NS. The IL12Bpro polymorphism may therefore define molecular subgroups with different prognosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic value.
authors.affiliation: Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Müller-Berghaus
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoppe
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Querfeld
authors.forename: Dirk E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Müller-Wiefel
authors.forename: Grant
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morahan
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schadendorf
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tenbrock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000483:Alleles; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; C500879:IL12B protein, human; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40