title: Microsatellite alterations in phenotypically normal esophageal squamous epithelium and metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the microsatellite alterations in phenotypically normal esophageal squamous epithelium and metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one specimens were obtained from esophageal cancer (EC) patients. Histopathological assessment identified 23 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 18 adenocarcinomas (ADC), including only 8 ADC with Barrett esophageal columnar epithelium (metaplasia) and dysplasia adjacent to ADC. Paraffin-embedded normal squamous epithelium, Barrett esophageal columnar epithelium (metaplasia), dysplasia and esophageal tumor tissues were dissected from the surrounding tissues under microscopic guidance. DNA was extracted using proteinase K digestion buffer, and DNA was diluted at 1:100, 1:1000, 1:5000, 1:10000 and 1:50000, respectively. Seven microsatellite markers (D2S123, D3S1616, D3S1300, D5S346, D17S787, D18S58 and BATRII loci) were used in this study. Un-dilution and dilution polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed, and microsatellite analysis was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was found in microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of un-diluted DNA between SCC and ADC. The levels of MSI and LOH were high in the metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence of diluted DNA. The more the diluted DNA was, the higher the rates of MSI and LOH were at the above 7 loci, especially at D3S1616, D5S346, D2S123, D3S1300 and D18S58 loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sequence of metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma is associated with microsatellite alterations, including MSI and LOH. The MSI and LOH may be the early genetic events during esophageal carcinogenesis, and genetic alterations at the D3S1616, D5S346 and D3S123 loci may play a role in the progress of microsatellite alterations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology Surgery, Xiamen Cancer Center, Affiliated Xiamen First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China. jianchunfh2@sina.com
authors.forename: Jian-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kai-Hua
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hai-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Ning-Sao
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008679:Metaplasia; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers