title: Routine use of self-expanding venous cannulas for cardiopulmonary bypass: benefits and pitfalls in 100 consecutive cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess the performance of self-expanding venous cannulas for routine use in open-heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study in 100 unselected consecutive patients undergoing open-heart surgery with either remote or central smart venous cannulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study focuses on the 76 consecutive adult patients (mean age 59.2+/-17.3 years; 60 males, 16 females) undergoing surgical procedures with total cardiopulmonary bypass for either valve procedures (42/76 patients=55.3%), ascending aorta and arch repair (20/76 patients=26.3%), coronary artery revascularization (13/76 patients=17.1%) or other procedures (11/76 patients=14.5%) with 14/76 patients (18.4%) undergoing redo surgery and 6/76 patients (7.9%) undergoing small access surgery. The mean pump flow achieved by gravity drainage alone accounted for 5.0+/-0.6l/min (=114% of target) in the entire study population (n=76) as compared to the calculated, theoretical pump flow of 4.4+/-0.5l/min (p<0.0001). For the femoral cannulation sub-group (n=35) pump flow achieved by gravity drainage alone accounted for 4.9+/-0.6l/min (=114% of target) as compared to the calculated theoretical pump flow of 4.3+/-0.4l/min (p<0.0001). The corresponding numbers for trans-subclavian cannulation (n=7) are 5.2+/-0.5l/min (111%) for the pump flow achieved by gravity drainage as compared to the theoretical target flow of 4.7+/-0.4l/min. For the central cannulation sub-group (n=34) mean flow achieved by gravity drainage with a self-expanding venous cannula accounted for 5.1+/-0.7l/min (=116% of target) as compared to the calculated theoretical flow of 4.4+/-0.6l/min (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Full or more than target flow was achieved in 97% of the patients studied undergoing CPB with self-expanding venous cannulas and gravity drainage. Remote venous cannulation with self-expanding cannulas provides similar flows as central cannulation. Augmentation of venous return is no longer necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Vascular Surgery, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. ludwig.von-segesser@chuv.ch
authors.forename: Ludwig K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delay
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maunz
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horisberger
authors.forename: Piergorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D013350:Subclavian Vein