title: Visfatin and apelin, new adipocytokines, and their relation to endothelial function in patients with chronic renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visfatin and apelin are novel adipocytokines that have recently generated much interest. The aim of the study was to assess visfatin and apelin in correlation with markers of endothelial cell injury and inflammation in 22 patients with chronic kidney disease-CKD and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed visfatin, apelin, markers of coagulation: TAT (thrombin-antithrombin complexes), prothrombin fragments 1+2; fibrinolysis: tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor), PAP (plasmin-antiplasmin complexes); endothelial function/injury: vWF (von Willebrand factor), thrombomodulin, ICAM (intracellular adhesion molecule), VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule), CD146, CD40L, CD44, E-selectin, inflammation: hsCRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triglycerides, hsCRP, creatinine, vWF, prothrombin fragments 1+2, TAT, thrombomodulin, ICAM, VCAM, CD146, CD44, CD40L, PAI-1, PAP, visfatin and E-selectin were elevated in chronic kidney disease patients when compared with the control group. Visfatin correlated significantly in patients with chronic kidney disease, in univariate analysis, with CD40L (r=-0.27, p<0.05), apelin (r=0.27, p<0.05), ICAM (r=0.26, p<0.05), VCAM (r=0.31, p<0.05) and tended to correlate with CD146 (r=0.21, p=0.10). Apelin correlated significantly with E-selectin (r=0.31, p<0.05) and VCAM (r=0.31, p<0.05). In the healthy volunteers visfatin correlated significantly with ICAM (r=-0.37, p<0.05) and serum creatinine (0.38, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated visfatin in CKD patients may be due to renal failure and/or inflammation. Adipocytokines related to adhesion molecules might support the importance of inflammation/endothelial cell injury in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its consequences in CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. jolmal@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Malyszko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000073861:Apelin; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C115436:APLN protein, human; D054392:Adipokines; D000073861:Apelin; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human