title: Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord for chronic orchialgia: long-term results from a single center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the long-term efficacy, complications and patient perceptions of microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord in the treatment of chronic orchialgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord was performed on 95 testicular units in 79 men (mean age 40.3 years, mean duration of pain 62 months, 16 bilateral) for chronic orchialgia. Conservative management failed in all, and patients were evaluated with an extensive medical history and physical examination. To be a candidate for microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord each man would have responded either completely or partially to spermatic cord block (greater than 50% decrease in pain) and had no identifiable reversible etiology. Postoperative pain rating scales (0 to 10) were used to determine efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean followup was 20.3 months (range 1 to 102 months) and complete, durable relief was noted in 67 (71%) testicular units, partial relief in 17 (17%), and unchanged in 11 (12%). No patients reported worse pain. Complications included testicular atrophy without hypogonadism in 2 patients, superficial wound infection in 2, hydrocele in 2 and an incisional hematoma in 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord is a minimally invasive, effective and durable management option for treatment of chronic orchialgia refractory to medical management, preserving the physiological function and psychological role of the testes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Laurence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003714:Denervation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome