title: Development and validation of a method to directly measure the cable force during the hammer throw.
abstract: The development of cable force during hammer-throw turns is crucial to the throw distance. In this paper, we present a method that is capable of measuring cable force in real time and, as it does not interfere with technique, it is capable of providing immediate feedback to coaches and athletes during training. A strain gauge was mounted on the wires of three hammers to measure the tension in the wire and an elite male hammer thrower executed three throws with each hammer. The output from the gauges was recorded by a data logger positioned on the lower back of the thrower. The throws were captured by three high-speed video cameras and the three-dimensional position of the hammer's head was determined by digitizing the images manually. The five best throws were analysed. The force acting on the hammer's head was calculated from Newton's second law of motion and this was compared with the force measured via the strain gauge. Qualitatively the time dependence of the two forces was essentially the same, although the measured force showed more detail in the troughs of the force-time curves. Quantitatively the average difference between the measured and calculated forces over the five throws was 76 N, which corresponds to a difference of 3.8% for a cable force of 2000 N.
authors.affiliation: School of Maths, Physics and Information Technology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. sara.brice@ausport.gov.au
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brice
authors.forename: Kevin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosemond
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019563:Mechanics; D019876:Sports Equipment; D014142:Track and Field