title: Inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on LPS-induced inflammation of human middle ear epithelial cells.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is due to its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression and interleukin (IL)-8 production. The anti-inflammatory effect of CAPE is possibly through the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB via the suppression of inhibitor-kappaB-alpha (IkappaB-alpha) degradation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  CAPE is a biologically active component of propolis, a resinous material obtained from bee hives, which originates from conifer bark. The effect of CAPE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory reactions is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CAPE on cultured human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of CAPE on LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression was evaluated in HMEECs by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LPS-induced IL-8 production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and LPS-induced IkappaB-alpha degradation was followed by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CAPE significantly inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. IL-8 production by LPS was significantly suppressed by the CAPE pretreatment. Furthermore, LPS-induced IkappaB-alpha degradation was suppressed by the CAPE pretreatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dongguk University International Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jae Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Soon-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Chang Gun
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Seok-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung-Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol