title: A comparison of door-to-balloon times and false-positive activations between emergency department and out-of-hospital activation of the coronary catheterization team.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to compare the proportion of false-positive activations and intervention times between emergency department (ED) and field-based activation of the coronary catheterization laboratory (cath) team for emergency medical services (EMS) patients identified by out-of-hospital (OOH) 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected continuous quality improvement data at a single, urban, academic medical center. By protocol, weekday activation of the cath team occurred based on OOH notification of a computer-interpreted OOH ECG indicating potential STEMI. Night and weekend activation occurred at the discretion of the attending emergency physician (EP) after advanced ED notification and after patient arrival and assessment. Basic demographic information and cardiac risk factors were recorded, as well as door-to-balloon (DTB) and ultimate diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From May 2007 through March 2008, there were 23 field activations and 33 ED activations. There was no difference in demographic or clinical characteristics between the two groups. In the field activation group, 9/23 (39%) were false-positives, while 3/33 (9%) were false-positives in the ED activation group (30% higher absolute difference in the field activation group, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8% to 52%, p = 0.02). OOH times and time spent in the ED were similar between the two groups. DTB times were 77 minutes for field activation and 68 minutes for ED activation, respectively (difference 9 minutes, 95% CI = -9 to 27).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency physician activation of the cath team results in a lower proportion of false-positive activations without clearly sacrificing DTB time when compared to field activation based solely on the results of the OOH ECG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. scott.youngquist@utah.edu
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Youngquist
authors.forename: Atman P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: French
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies