The whitening effect of enzymatic bleaching on tetracycline.
OBJECTIVE
Carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide have been used as tooth whitening agents. The aim of this paper was to determine the efficiency of several enzyme-containing whitening systems. A method to determine the rate of 'in vitro' tetracycline whitening was also developed.


METHODS
We determined the tetracycline whitening ability of carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide, and the influence of peroxidase and lactoperoxidase on this tetracycline whitening rate.


RESULTS
High peroxidase and lactoperoxidase concentrations increased the rate of tetracycline decoloration obtained with carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. The decoloration rate observed was lower when the glucose/glucose oxidase system was used to generate hydrogen peroxide 'in situ'. The presence of peroxidase increased the decoloration rate of extracted teeth obtained with carbamide.


CONCLUSIONS
Enzymes such as peroxidase could be used as whitening catalysts to increase the rate of tetracycline decoloration.
Gimeno
Isabel
I
Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Research Institute of Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Spain.
Riutord
Pere
P
Tauler
Pedro
P
Tur
Josep A
JA
Pons
Antoni
A
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D010544:Peroxidases; D013752:Tetracycline