title: Rapid and sensitive quantitation of morphine using HPLC with electrochemical detection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morphine is one of the most widely used opioid analgesics for controlling pain in cancer and post-operative patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at finding a sensitive method for measuring morphine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-step solid phase extraction was developed for extracting morphine from various samples, and morphine concentration was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatographic system with electrochemical detection. The sensitivity of the assay was 1.53 ng/mL with a recovery of 93.4% +/- 0.01. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay test for three concentrations was 10.54 and 7.47, respectively. The assay showed no cross-reaction with a wide range of compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method for morphine in small biological samples is easy, sensitive and reproducible with low cross-reactivity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Hematology & Oncology Research Centre, NPMC, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mashayekhis@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Mashayekhi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghandforoush-Sattari
authors.forename: R D W
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hain
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine