title: Self-injurious behaviour, traumatic life events and alexithymia among treatment-seeking opiate addicts: prevalence, pattern and correlates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) and identify the predictors of SIB among treatment-seeking opiate addicts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 80 consecutively consenting opiate addicts admitted into community and inpatient treatment programmes of a large South London National Health Service (NHS) Mental Health Trust. Substance dependence was diagnosed with ICD-10. The following instruments were administered: self-injurious behaviour questionnaire, traumatic life events questionnaire, Toronto alexithymia scale and substance abuse assessment questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime SIB prevalence rate was 49% (95% CI=37-60). There was no difference in lifetime SIB rates of male (50%) and female (46%) patients. The predominate function of SIB among opiate addicts was affect-regulation followed by self-punishment. Using a logistic regression, sexual harassment and difficulty identifying feelings were the only independent significant predictors of SIB, with the influence of age of first traumatic event and gender partialled out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given these findings, there is strong evidence to suggest that treatment of opiate addiction should involve routine screening for adult sexual trauma, deficits in emotional regulation and SIB. Where these problems are identified, appropriate psychological intervention should be integral to routine care for affected patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Medical School, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom. sgju980@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adenekan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oyefeso
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Yayganeh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clancy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult