title: Paresis in an Asian small clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) associated with vertebral and ischial osteolysis caused by a malignant lymphangiosarcoma.
abstract: A 10-yr-old male intact Asian small clawed otter (Aonyx cinerus) was presumptively diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry with lymphangiosarcoma after bony destruction of the ischium and spinal column from local tumor invasion had caused progressive signs of hind limb lameness and paresis/paralysis, which led to humane euthanasia. At necropsy, the primary tumor was identified as a flocculent mass present under the caudal lumbar vertebrae. Multiple nerves were seen to run from the spinal cord into the wall of the mass. This mass had locally invaded the surrounding muscle, vertebral column, and spinal cord, which led to the clinical signs noted at presentation. Bony destruction was severe with almost complete obliteration of the right ischium and osteolysis of L6, exposing the spinal cord beneath. The tumor had metastasized to at least two different sites within the spleen. The abdominal tumor was confirmed to be of endothelial origin by the use of immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen and was confirmed as lymphatic origin versus vascular origin because of the lack of red blood cells within the vessels. The length of time from initial presentation with hind limb lameness to euthanasia because of hind limb paralysis was 4 mo. This is the first report of lymphangiosarcoma, an uncommon malignant neoplasm of lymphatic origin, in a mustelid and the first report of neoplastic disease in an Asian small clawed otter. In addition, the presentation of hind limb paresis associated with bony lysis because of local tumor invasion has not been previously reported with lymphangiosarcoma in humans, domestic animals, or nondomestic animals.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA. jswenson@thephxzoo.com
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Kyathanahalli S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Janardhan
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ketz-Riley
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brinkman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D008204:Lymphangiosarcoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010041:Otters; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*