title: Interactions between antiplasmodial 3,6-diamino-1'-dimethyl-9-anilinoacridine and hematin and concanamycin A.
abstract: Antiplasmodial 9-anilinoacridine derivatives exert their effects either by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase (topo) II or by interfering with heme crystallization within the parasite acidic food vacuole. Previous studies have shown that analogs of 9-anilinoacridine containing 3,6-diamino substitutions (in the acridine ring) inhibit Plasmodium falciparum DNA topo II in situ, whereas those with a 3,6-diCl substitution act by inhibiting beta-hematin formation, a property also seen with 3,6-diamino-1'-dimethyl-9-anilinoacridine (DDAA). To understand this seemingly anomalous property of DDAA, studies of its interaction with hematin and localization within the parasite food vacuole were undertaken. A weak interaction with hematin was demonstrated spectroscopically. Antagonism of DDAA inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth in culture by concanamycin A, a macrolide antibiotic inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase derived from Streptomyces sp, was equivocal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. rasao@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auparakkitanon
authors.forename: Kritchai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poonchareon
authors.forename: Kittipat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sopitthummakhun
authors.forename: Prapon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilairat
mesh_terms: D000677:Amsacrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006427:Hemin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C533335:3,6-diamino-1'-dimethyl-9-anilinoacridine; D000962:Antimalarials; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D000677:Amsacrine; D006427:Hemin; C036978:concanamycin A