title: Laryngopharyngeal reflux: the value of otolaryngology examination.
abstract: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the disease process by which gastric contents affect the extraesophageal structures of the head and neck. The symptoms of LPR include intermittent dysphonia, excessive throat clearing, globus pharyngeus, cough, and dysphagia. These symptoms can be assessed with the Reflux Symptom Index. Signs of LPR, as determined with laryngoscopy, can be described with the Reflux Findings Score, which includes assessment of site-specific laryngeal edema and other inflammatory changes. This article discusses the current understanding of LPR pathophysiology, taking into account pepsin stability and reactivation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Voice and Swallowing, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 7200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. peterb@ucdvoice.org
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Belafsky
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rees
mesh_terms: D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*