title: Identifying 'unhealthy' food advertising on television: a case study applying the UK Nutrient Profile model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of the UK Nutrient Profile (NP) model for identifying 'unhealthy' food advertisements using a case study of New Zealand television advertisements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four weeks of weekday television from 15.30 hours to 18.30 hours was videotaped from a state-owned (free-to-air) television channel popular with children. Food advertisements were identified and their nutritional information collected in accordance with the requirements of the NP model. Nutrient information was obtained from a variety of sources including food labels, company websites and a national nutritional database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 60 h sample of weekday afternoon television, there were 1893 advertisements, of which 483 were for food products or retailers. After applying the NP model, 66 % of these were classified as advertising high-fat, high-salt and high-sugar (HFSS) foods; 28 % were classified as advertising non-HFSS foods; and the remaining 2 % were unclassifiable. More than half (53 %) of the HFSS food advertisements were for 'mixed meal' items promoted by major fast-food franchises. The advertising of non-HFSS food was sparse, covering a narrow range of food groups, with no advertisements for fresh fruit or vegetables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the NP model having some design limitations in classifying real-world televised food advertisements, it was easily applied to this sample and could clearly identify HFSS products. Policy makers who do not wish to completely restrict food advertising to children outright should consider using this NP model for regulating food advertising.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Health Promotion & Policy Research Unit, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. Gabrielle.jenkin@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jenkin
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hermanson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D019649:Food Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009520:New Zealand; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D012492:Salts / Q000032:analysis; D013690:Television; D006113:United Kingdom; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D012492:Salts