title: Keloid and hypertrophic scarring may result from a mechanoreceptor or mechanosensitive nociceptor disorder.
abstract: Keloid and hypertrophic scars (HSs) are fibroproliferative diseases (FPDs) of the skin. It is well known that stretching tension of skin, in other words mechanical force (mechanical loading, mechanical stress) on the skin, is an important factor that promotes their growth. Currently, the widely held view is that while mechanical force is a factor that aggravates keloid/HS growth after their induction, it is not a causative factor. However, there is no evidence that supports this view and recent observations from studies of keloids/HSs suggest that mechanical force in fact not only promotes the growth of such scars, it also drives their generation. Here, I hypothesize that FPDs of the skin, including keloids and HSs, are the result of an excessive responsiveness or functional failure of either dermal cell mechanoreceptors (mechanosensors) or mechanosensitive nociceptors of sensory fibers in the skin. In other words, FPDs of the skin are mechanoreceptor/mechanosensor or mechanosensitive nociceptor (mechanosensory) disorders, respectively. Moreover, by examining the site specificity of keloids, I show that stretching tension may be a major mechanical force that drives their generation. While further experimental studies of signaling pathways related to mechanotransduction, mechanosensitive (MS) channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeleton dynamics are needed, this hypothesis may provide new insights into the etiology and pathology of FPDs of the skin such as keloids and HSs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunyko-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. r.ogawa@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007627:Keloid / Q000209:etiology*; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology*