title: Promoting prostate-specific antigen informed decision-making. Evaluating two community-level interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most medical associations recommend that patients make informed decisions about whether to be screened for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Studies assessing how to promote PSA informed decision-making (IDM) have been conducted almost exclusively in healthcare settings; there is a need for similar research in community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper describes the results of a 5-year study (2002--2007) in which two community-level interventions were developed, implemented, and evaluated in matched upper- and lower-SES comparison communities in Greensboro and Wilmington, North Carolina. Both interventions promoted PSA informed decision-making. One intervention (PSA-Only) consisted of educational information about prostate cancer and the PSA test, and the other (Men's Health) included additional information about recognizing and preventing heart attack, stroke, and colon cancer. Structured survey, semistructured interview, and structured observational data were combined to compare participating community residents' pre/post changes in knowledge, intentions, and behaviors related to PSA IDM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The community-level interventions successfully engaged community participants in discussions, educated individuals, encouraged deliberation of information, and facilitated PSA test discussions with physicians. Men who participated in the PSA-Only educational sessions were more likely than those who attended the Men's Health educational sessions to discuss the PSA test with their physician (p=0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When prospective SES-related confounding factors are matched across comparison communities, PSA IDM interventions can be shown to promote IDM. Framing the PSA test decision relative to less-ambiguous screening decisions does not appear to increase the likelihood of PSA IDM.
authors.affiliation: RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. driscoll@rti.org
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Driscoll
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rupert
authors.forename: Carol E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Golin
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Sheridan
authors.forename: Brandon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Poehlman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003657:Decision Making; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen