title: Bactericidal effect of lactoferrin and lactoferrin chimera against halophilic Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
abstract: Infections caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, an halophilic member of the genus Vibrio, have increased globally in the last 5 years. Diarrhea caused by V. parahaemolyticus results from eating raw or undercooked seafood. The aim of this work was to investigate whether lactoferrin and some lactoferrin-peptides have bactericidal activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, the pandemic strain O3:K6, and the multidrug resistant isolate 727, as well as against Vibrio cholerae strains O1 and non-O1. Whereas both peptides lactoferricin (17-30) and lactoferrampin (265-284) did not have bactericidal activity, 40 microM of lactoferrin chimera (a fusion of the two peptides) inhibited the growth of all Vibrio tested to the same extent as the antibiotic gentamicin. The cidal effect of LFchimera showed a clear concentration response in contrast to bovine lactoferrin which showed higher inhibition at 10 microM than at 40 microM. FITC-labeled LFchimera bound to the bacterial membranes. Moreover LFchimera permeabilized bacterial cells and membranes were seriously damaged. Finally, in experiments with the multidrug resistant isolate 727, sub-lethal doses of LFchimera strongly reduced the concentrations of ampicillin, gentamicin or kanamicin needed to reach more than 95% growth inhibition, suggesting synergistic effects. These data indicate that LFchimera is a potential candidate to combat the multidrug resistant pathogenic Vibrio species.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa, Blvd. Constitución S/N, Culiacán, Sin. 80200, México. nidialeonsicairos@gmail.com
authors.forename: Nidia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leon-Sicairos
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canizalez-Roman
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Garza
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes-Lopez
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zazueta-Beltran
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nazmi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gomez-Gil
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bolscher
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007782:Lactoglobulins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D007782:Lactoglobulins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C502040:lactoferrampin; D000667:Ampicillin; D007781:Lactoferrin