title: Differential cytotoxicity of novel somatostatin and dopamine chimeric compounds on bronchopulmonary and small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival rates for gastrointestinal (GI) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have not significantly altered (overall 67%, 5-year survival) in 30 years (1973-2004), whereas the incidence has increased ( approximately 1000%) in the same time frame. No effective or specific antineoplastic agent is available for treatment, although somatostatin analogs inhibit tumor secretion. Given the coexistence of somatostatin and dopamine regulatory receptors on NET cells, the antiproliferative efficacy as well as the signaling and transcriptional targets of their ligands were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxic effects of 12 somatostatin/dopamine compounds were evaluated in 3 NET cell lines, and real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay studies were performed to delineate antiproliferative signaling pathways.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The atypical BP-NET, NCI-H720, was most sensitive to the sst(5) analog BIM23206 (half-maximal concentration, 2.4 pM) and demonstrated similar sensitivity to lanreotide and the sst(2) analog BIM23120. The typical BP-NET, NCI-H727, was most sensitive to BIM23120 (0.7 nM) and to the pan-somatostatin receptor analog (BIM23A779). The GI-NET, KRJ-I, was most sensitive to sst(2,5) analogs lanreotide (1 nM) and BIM23244 (7.4 nM). Lanreotide activated extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 phosphorylation and p21(WAF1/CIP1) transcription, but inhibited Ki-67 transcription. NCI-H720 was most sensitive to the sst(2,5)- and D(2)-selective compound BIM23A761 (4.2 nM), as was NCI-H727 (5.5 nM). KRJ-I did not respond to any chimeric analog. BIM23A761 activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and caused inhibition of Ki-67 transcription. P21(WAF1/CIP1) transcription was activated only in NCI-H727 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different responses of each individual cell line suggested that NETs from different locations arising from different neuroendocrine cells may require cell-specific antiproliferative agents based on the unique receptor profile of individual lesions.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: Ignat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drozdov
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Roswitha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pfragner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Culler
authors.forename: Irv
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Modlin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001984:Bronchial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C060347:lanreotide; D013004:Somatostatin; D015282:Octreotide