title: Reasons for poor accrual in palliative radiation therapy research studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with advanced-stage cancer commonly have multiple symptoms, poor performance status, and limited life expectancies. Despite the need for evidence-based practice and guidelines for palliative radiation therapy (RT), conducting clinical palliative research has proven to be a challenge in the past because of low accrual rates and high patient attrition. We explore the change in accrual rates, reasons for nonparticipation in palliative RT clinical research trials, and factors that contributed to the increase in accrual over a 3-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A record was kept for all patients seen at the Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program between 2002 and 2005, including information on patient demographics, disease characteristics, and whether patients were accrued into >/=1 palliative research study at the time of clinic visit. If a patient did not participate in a study, the reason for nonaccrual was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite previous difficulties, changes to the methods of conducting palliative research and study design have resulted in an increase in patient accrual, from 14% to an average of approximately 60%. The implementation of a full-time clinical research assistant and a simple study design with realistic eligibility criteria contributed to the increase in patient participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Difficulties in conducting palliative clinical research trials were improved through changes in study design and research administration. Future clinics should use a dedicated clinical research assistant responsible for patient recruitment and study management. Studies should be designed specifically for the patient population receiving palliative care and should involve clearly defined and realistic eligibility criteria and brief assessments.
authors.affiliation: Rapid Response Radiotherapy Program, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicole M E
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: May N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Danjoux
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayter
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Meagan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sinclair