title: Regeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic axons after transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells and fibroblasts prevents fibrotic scar formation at the lesion site.
abstract: The fibrotic scar formed after central nervous system injury has been considered an obstacle to axonal regeneration. The present study was designed to examine whether cell transplantation into a damaged central nervous system can reduce fibrotic scar formation and promote axonal regeneration. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic axons were unilaterally transected in rats and cultures of olfactory-ensheathing cells (OECs), and olfactory nerve fibroblasts were transplanted into the lesion site. In the absence of transplants, few tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive axons extended across the lesion 2 weeks after the transection. Reactive astrocytes increased around the lesion, and a fibrotic scar containing type IV collagen deposits developed in the lesion center. The immunoreactivity of chondroitin sulfate side chains and core protein of NG2 proteoglycan increased in and around the lesion. One and 2 weeks after transection and simultaneous transplantation, dopaminergic axons regenerated across the transplanted tissues, which consisted of p75-immunoreactive OECs and fibronectin-immunoreactive fibroblasts. Reactive astrocytes and chondroitin sulfate immunoreactivity increased around the transplants, whereas the deposition of type IV collagen and fibrotic scar formation were completely prevented at the lesion site. Transplantation of meningeal fibroblasts similarly prevented the formation of the fibrotic scar, although its effect on regeneration was less potent than transplantation of OECs and olfactory nerve fibroblasts. The present results suggest that elimination of the inhibitory fibrotic scar is important for neural regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Morphology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Japan.
authors.forename: Xichuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hong-Peng
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kimura-Kuroda
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sango
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raisman
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016380:Brain Tissue Transplantation; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000637:transplantation*; D009832:Olfactory Nerve / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine