title: Effect of the cross-linking silane concentration in a novel silane system on bonding resin-composite cement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Four experimental blends of an organo-functional silane monomer with a non-functional cross-linking silane monomer (a novel silane system) were evaluated as adhesion promoters in an experiment in which a resin-composite cement was bonded to silica-coated titanium.
  
  
  METHODS
  3-Acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (as constant 1.0 vol%) was blended with 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane, where its concentration was 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, or 0.5 vol%. Titanium slides (n=20) were grit-blasted, silica-coated, and silanized with four experimental silane solutions, with a pre-activated silane Cimaratrade mark (VOCO, Germany) as control. After silanization, resin-composite cement stubs (Bifixtrade mark QM; VOCO, Germany) were photo-polymerized. The shear bond strength was measured after dry storage (24 h) or after thermo-cycling (6000 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C). The resin stub failure mode was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that type of storage (p <0.05) and concentration of cross-linker silane (p<0.005) both significantly affected the shear bond strength. The highest shear bond strength was obtained with a blend of 1.0 vol% 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+0.3 vol% 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane, 15.9 MPa (standard deviation SD 3.4 MPa) for both the thermo-cycled group and after dry storage (24 h), 14.3 MPa (SD 4.1 MPa) (n=8/group). The lowest values were obtained with Cimaratrade mark silane 7.3 MPa (SD 2.2 MPa) in dry storage and 7.9 MPa (SD 2.0 MPa) obtained with 1.0 vol% 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane+0.1 vol% 1,2-bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane. The failure type was mainly cohesive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel silane system with an optimal concentration of the cross-linking silane may produce significantly higher shear bond strength between silica-coated titanium and resin-composite cement compared to a pre-activated silane product.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. jumatin@utu.fi
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matinlinna
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Lippo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: Warner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kalk
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014297:Trimethylsilyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; C515607:Bifix composite; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003764:Dental Materials; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D014297:Trimethylsilyl Compounds; C517344:bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane; D014867:Water; C093927:3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D004980:Ethane; D000537:Aluminum Oxide