title: Income and short-term case fatality after myocardial infarction in the whole middle-aged population of Malmö, Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no previous studies investigating when and where those who die pre-hospitally after an AMI paid their last visit to medical care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of AMI, pre-hospital and 28-day case fatality rates were monitored over 13 years of follow-up, in relation to sex-specific quartiles of annual income in all inhabitants aged 40-64 years in Malmö, Sweden. Both incidence and short-term case fatality were inversely related to income. In all, 60-70% of all deaths within 28 days after the AMI were pre-hospital deaths. As compared with the lowest income group, the highest income group had lower odds of pre-hospital death with an age- and time-to-event-adjusted odds ratio of 0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.8) for men and 0.3 (95% CI 0.1-0.6) for women. On the other hand, while 72% of those in the lowest two income groups had paid a visit to the medical services during the three months before death, only 59% had done so in the two highest income groups (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor socioeconomic circumstances increase the risk of pre-hospital death after an AMI. Of the pre-hospital deaths, the proportion who had visited the medical services during the 3 months preceding their AMI was higher among those from lower income groups. However, many of those suffering a pre-hospital death had visited clinics that normally do not treat coronary symptoms. If more patients were identified at an earlier stage this might increase the number of patients reaching hospital alive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. maria.rosvall@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosvall
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerward
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012923:Social Class; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology