title: The Malone antegrade continence enema: single institutional review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the long-term outcome of the Malone antegrade continence enema procedure in the treatment of chronic constipation and fecal incontinence in children with neuropathic bowel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of 256 Malone antegrade continence enema procedures. Patient age at surgery, bowel segment used, location of stoma, number and type of revisions required, and fecal continence were documented and a database was created.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 236 patients with at least 6 months of followup are included in this report. There were 172 in situ appendicocecostomies, 23 split appendix channels, 9 appendicocecostomies with cecal extension, 22 Yang-Monti ileocecostomies and 10 colon flap channels performed. A total of 112 males (47%) and 124 females (53%) were included in the study. Median patient age at surgery was 9 years (range 2 to 36) and median followup for the entire cohort was 50 months (6 to 115). A total of 56 surgical revisions were performed in 39 patients (17%). Median time to first revision was 9.5 months (range 1 to 105). Stomal stenosis occurred in 32 patients (14%). Overall, surgical revisions were required in 14% of in situ appendix channels (24 of 172), 22% of split appendix channels (5 of 23), 33% of appendix channels with cecal extension (3 of 9), 18% of Yang-Monti Malone antegrade continence enema channels (4 of 22) and 30% of colon flap channels (3 of 10). Independent of channel technique, surgical revisions were required in 15% of umbilical stomas and 18% of lower quadrant stomas (p = 0.516). Two patients had minimal stomal leakage, and 94% (221 of 236) achieved fecal continence with irrigations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term results of the Malone antegrade continence enema channel in a large cohort of patients with neuropathic bowel and chronic constipation are encouraging. Of the patients 17% will require revision surgery, and patients/parents should be counseled accordingly. In our series in situ appendicocecostomy had the lowest revision rate on long-term followup, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.226).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. banihana@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bani-Hani
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaefer
authors.forename: Kirstan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Shelly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome