title: Reconstruction of the midface and maxilla.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current classification systems and reconstructive options available for restoration of maxillectomy defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Defects involving the midface can have a great functional and aesthetic impact on the patient. Adequate restoration of the complex three-dimensional maxillary structure is required to replace form and function of the native tissue. An in-depth discussion of appropriate recipient vessel selection and reconstructive options are included in this article. The superficial temporal vessel system is presented as a reliable anastomosis site for restoration of midfacial defects. In addition, the complications of vein grafting, arteriovenous fistula loops and alternative recipient vessels sites are addressed to manage the challenge of the vessel-depleted neck. The current indications, advantages and disadvantages of local, regional and free-flap reconstructive options available for maxillectomy defects are highlighted in order to aid the surgeon in appropriate flap selection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A myriad of reconstructive options are available to restore maxillectomy defects. The surgeon must consider each defect and the needs of the individual patient when choosing the best suited reconstructive technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Dustin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalgorf
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008437:Maxilla / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D010159:Palate / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply