title: Gait analysis using a shoe-integrated wireless sensor system.
abstract: We describe a wireless wearable system that was developed to provide quantitative gait analysis outside the confines of the traditional motion laboratory. The sensor suite includes three orthogonal accelerometers, three orthogonal gyroscopes, four force sensors, two bidirectional bend sensors, two dynamic pressure sensors, as well as electric field height sensors. The "GaitShoe" was built to be worn in any shoe, without interfering with gait and was designed to collect data unobtrusively, in any environment, and over long periods. The calibrated sensor outputs were analyzed and validated with results obtained simultaneously from the Massachusetts General Hospital, Biomotion Laboratory. The GaitShoe proved highly capable of detecting heel-strike and toe-off, as well as estimating foot orientation and position, inter alia.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. sjm@alum.mit.edu
authors.forename: Stacy J Morris
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bamberg
authors.forename: Ari Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Benbasat
authors.forename: Donna Moxley
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Scarborough
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Paradiso
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012775:Shoes; D018511:Systems Integration; D013686:Telemetry / Q000295:instrumentation