title: Effects of hydrogen peroxide on vestibular hair cells in the guinea pig: importance of cell membrane impairment preceding cell death.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that oxidative stress induces morphological changes in vestibular hair cells and subsequently leads to cell death after 2.5 h.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to confirm the direct effects of oxidative stress on vestibular hair cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vestibular hair cells isolated from guinea pigs were loaded with 1 or 10 mM H2O2, and morphological changes were observed. In addition, in a viability/cytotoxicity assay system, the numbers of dead cells in isolated cristae ampullares were counted 1, 3, and 5 h after loading with H2O2 or artificial perilymph (control).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reactive oxygen, in the form of H2O2, directly affects the cell membrane of isolated vestibular hair cells and causes swelling of the cell body, bleb formation, and shortening of the neck region. Morphological changes occur within 30 min after loading with H2O2, but a significant increase in the number of dead cells is noted only after 3 h.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan. tanigawa@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Meiho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banno
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takumida
authors.forename: Hirally
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brodie
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inafuku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018069:Hair Cells, Vestibular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide