title: Regional hyperthermia of the abdomen in conjunction with chemotherapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis: evaluation of two annular-phased-array applicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a stage of gynecological and gastrointestinal malignancies with poor prognosis. Options for enhancing the effect of standard chemotherapy, such as aggressive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, have limitations. In this phase I/II study, we evaluated regional hyperthermia of the pelvis and abdomen using the annular-phased-array technique as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (with or without liver metastases) in colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 16), ovarian cancer (OC) (n = 17), or gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer (n = 12) underwent standard chemotherapy and regional hyperthermia. Most CRC patients received second-line chemotherapy. All OC patients were platinum resistant. Regional hyperthermia was applied using a SIGMA-60 applicator (OC), a SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator (CRC), or various ring applicators (gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abdominal regional hyperthermia was well tolerated, with acceptable acute discomfort and no long-term morbidity. The SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator achieved higher systemic temperatures (associated with higher systemic stress) and more effective heating of the upper abdomen; the SIGMA-60 applicator achieved higher temperatures (and power densities) in the pelvis. Three-year overall survival was encouraging for patients with CRC (22%) and OC (29%) but not gastric/pancreatic/biliary cancer. For the SIGMA-60 applicator (patients with OC), higher measured temperatures at the vaginal stump correlated with better outcome. CONCLUSIONS. The SIGMA-60 and SIGMA-Eye/MR applicators are feasible for abdominal heating and have low toxicity. The SIGMA-60 applicator is specifically suitable for malignancies with high pelvic burden; the SIGMA-Eye/MR applicator better heats the upper abdomen, including the liver. Further randomized investigations are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinic for Radiotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C  H
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wust
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Issels
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sehouli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Budach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gellermann
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents