title: Plasma renin activity for monitoring vesicoureteric reflux therapy: mid-term observations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study plasma renin activity (PRA) as an early marker for monitoring treatment of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine children (35 males and 24 females), mean age 43.3+/-26.5 (range 4.5-89) months, with various grades (I-V) of primary VUR were enrolled. PRA, renal scars, split renal function (SRF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine, blood pressure and episodes of breakthrough urinary tract infection were monitored at regular intervals. Surgery was performed as per currently accepted criteria. PRA values were used for post-hoc analysis of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight children (64.4%) underwent anti-reflux surgery during the mean follow up of 17.1+/-3.1 months; 21 (35.6%) continued on non-operative follow up. Rise in PRA up to the time of surgery was seen in all patients. It normalized after surgery in 86%, and reduced but plateaued at a higher level than normal in 13.8% in the surgical group. While improvement in SRF and GFR was seen only in 2/38 (5.2%) and 12/38 (31.6%), respectively, blood pressure stabilized in 30.7% and serum creatinine showed inconsistencies. In non-operatively managed cases, improvement in SRF was seen in only one case and GFR in 14.2% of cases. However, 80.9% children showed a progressive rise in PRA throughout the period of non-operative follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current end points of non-operative management already cause irreversible renal damage by the time surgery is indicated. Our results suggest that serial measurement of plasma renin activity may help in better stratification of patients with moderate to high grade (III-V) VUR with respect to management and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India. bajpai2@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Minu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajpai
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalaivani
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D012083:Renin