title: [A biomechanical study of stability of atlantoaxial junction fixation with anterior approach screw fixation through C2 vertebral body to C1 lateral mass and Gallie's technique].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the three-dimensional stability of atlantoaxial reconstruction with anterior approach screw fixation through C2 vertebral body to C1 lateral mass and Gallie's technique (ASMG) for C1,2 instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five human cadaveric specimens (C0-3 ) were divided randomly into 5 groups (n = 5). The three-dimensional ranges of motion C relative to C2 were measured under the five different conditions: the intact state group (group A), type II odontoid fracture group (group B), posterior C1,2 transarticular screw fixation group (group C), ASM group (group D) and ASMG group (group E). The three-dimensional ranges of motions C1 relative to C2 by loading +/- 1.5 Nm were measured under the six conditions of flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation. The obtained data was statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In each group, the three-dimensional ranges of motion C1 relative to C2 under the six conditions of flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation were as follows: in group A (8.10 +/- 1.08), (8.49 +/- 0.82), (4.79 +/- 0.47), (4.93 +/- 0.34), (28.20 +/- 0.64), (29.30 +/- 0.84) degrees; in group B (13.60 +/- 1.25), (13.80 +/- 0.77), (9.64 +/- 0.53), (9.23 +/- 0.41), (34.90 +/- 0.93), (34.90 +/- 1.30) degrees; in group C (1.62 +/- 0.10), (1.90 +/- 0.34), (1.25 +/- 0.13), (1.37 +/- 0.28), (0.97 +/- 0.14), (1.01 +/- 0.17) degrees; in group D (2.03 +/- 0.26), (2.34 +/- 0.49), (1.54 +/- 0.22), (1.53 +/- 0.30), (0.80 +/- 0.35), (0.76 +/- 0.30) degrees; in group E (0.35 +/- 0.12), (0.56 +/- 0.34), (0.44 +/- 0.15), (0.55 +/- 0.16), (0.43 +/- 0.07), (0.29 +/- 0.06) degrees. Under the six conditions, there were generally significant differences between group A and other four groups, and between group B and groups C, D and E (P < 0.001), and between group E and groups C, D in flexion/ extension and left/right lateral bending (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group E and groups C, D in left/right axial rotation (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo biomechanical studies show that ASMG operation has unique superiority in the reconstruction of the atlantoaxial stability, especially in controlling stability of flexion/extension and left/right lateral bending, and thus it ensures successful fusion of the implanted bone. It is a reliable surgical choice for the treatment of the obsolete instability or dislocation of C1,2 joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhengxue
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Yunsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001368:Axis, Cervical Vertebra / Q000601:surgery; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators