title: A dose-ranging study of intraarticular midazolam for pain relief after knee arthroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of analgesic techniques have been used to manage postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery. Intraarticular midazolam may have an analgesic effect similar to that seen when midazolam is used in a centroneuraxial fashion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA status I or II patients undergoing knee arthroscopy with general anesthesia were randomized to receive intraarticular midazolam 50 mug/kg, 75 mug/kg, or isotonic saline. We assessed the efficacy of the analgesic technique with visual analog scale pain scores, time until first request for analgesics, and cumulative analgesic consumption. Patients were observed for 48 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of intraarticular midazolam significantly reduced visual analog pain scores in the early postoperative period compared with saline. Both doses similarly prolonged duration until first request for analgesic compared with saline (4.7 and 4.6 vs 0.7 h). There was no statistically significant difference between the two doses of midazolam or cumulative 48 h analgesic consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that when intraarticular midazolam was compared with placebo there was a reduction in pain after day-case arthroscopic knee surgery; however, this pain relief was of relatively short duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India. ykbatra@glide.net.in
authors.forename: Yatindra Kumar
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Sushil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Subramanyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajeev
authors.forename: Mandeep
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh Dhillon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam