title: Host defense against Salmonella and rotaviral gastroenteritis: a serial study of transcriptional factors and cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Common etiologies of acute enterocolitis in childhood include the intracellular pathogens Salmonella and rotavirus, along with extracellular pathogens. In order to elucidate differentiating immunologic parameters in patients with acute gastroenteritis of different etiologies, we investigated interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-12, and T-bet of T-helper type 1 subsets, and IL-4 and GATA-3 of T-helper type 2 subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003, 32 patients with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. Sequential heparinized blood samples were obtained on the day of presentation (day 1) and on day 3 of hospitalization. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the mean ratios of IFN-gamma, T-bet and IL-12 mRNA levels relative to beta-actin were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salmonella infections induced stronger IFN-gamma and T-bet responses than either rotavirus infection or other enterocolitis (p<0.05). However, poor IL-12 response in Salmonella infections implied failed T-helper type 1 immunity, and probably accounted for the prolonged clinical course. In contrast, by day 3 of hospitalization, most patients with rotavirus enterocolitis were symptom-free.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-12 is the key factor in determining host response against and, hence, disease activity of Salmonella infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Yi
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ching-Yuang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ching-Tung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Woan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000276:immunology; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines