title: Foveal contrast processing of increment and decrement targets is equivalently reduced in glaucoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychophysical measurement of the function of individual precortical visual pathways (magnocellular, parvocellular and koniocellular) has enabled the development of sensitive tests for glaucoma and has enhanced understanding of its pathophysiology. Such pathways can be further subdivided into their "On" and "Off" components, which have anatomical and physiological asymmetries. This study investigated whether On and Off subdivisions of the magnocellular (M) pathway are differentially affected by glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 participants with glaucoma and 20 controls underwent two psychophysical procedures that have been shown to assess the M pathway (steady pedestal task) and its On and Off subdivisions (pedestal-delta-pedestal task) respectively. Luminance discrimination thresholds were measured foveally, using both increment and decrement stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The steady pedestal (undifferentiated M-pathway) task separated the glaucoma and control groups (p = 0.04) with equivalent outcomes for increment and decrement targets. The pedestal-delta-pedestal task (isolated On and Off M-pathway subdivisions) also differentiated between groups (p = 0.025), but the outcome was not dependent on which subdivision was isolated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that increment and decrement targets can be used with equal effectiveness for detecting contrast processing deficits in early glaucoma. Outcomes further suggested that glaucoma affects On and Off subdivisions of the M-pathway equivalently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Badcock
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walland
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McKendrick
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*