title: Isolation of specific and biologically active peptides that bind cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a departure from conventional strategies to improve treatment outcome for myeloid malignancies, we report the isolation of leukemia-specific peptides using a phage display library screened with freshly obtained human myeloid leukemia cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A phage display library was screened by 5 rounds of biopanning with freshly isolated human AML cells. Individual colonies were randomly picked and after purification, biologic activity (growth and differentiation) on fresh AML cells was profiled. Ten peptides were synthesized for further biological studies. Multiple peptides were found to selectively bind to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The peptides bound to leukemia cells, were internalized and could induce proliferation and/or differentiation in the target patient cells. Two of the peptides, HP-A2 and HP-G7, appeared to have a novel mechanism of inducing differentiation since they did not cause G1 arrest in cycling cells even as the expression of the differentiation marker CD11b increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peptide induced differentiation of leukemia cells offers a novel treatment strategy for myeloid malignancies, whereas their ability to induce proliferation could be harnessed to make cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. Conceptually, these leukemia specific peptides can also be used to refine diagnosis, document minimal residual disease, and selectively deliver toxins to malignant cells.
authors.affiliation: Saint Vincent's Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. ngalili@aptiumoncology.com
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galili
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Devemy
authors.forename: Azra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000378:metabolism*; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D019151:Peptide Library; D010455:Peptides