title: Exercise stress increases susceptibility to influenza infection.
abstract: Exercise stress is associated with an increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) while moderate exercise has been associated with a decreased risk. We have shown that exercise stress can increase susceptibility (morbidity, symptom severity and mortality) to HSV-1 respiratory infection, but there is little evidence on the effects of stressful exercise on susceptibility to the principal etiological agents of human respiratory infections, including influenza viruses. This study examined the effects of stressful exercise on susceptibility to influenza virus (A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1)). Mice were assigned to one of two groups: exercise (Ex) or control (Con). Exercise consisted of a treadmill run to volitional fatigue ( approximately 120 min) performed on three consecutive days. Fifteen minutes after the last bout of exercise or rest, mice (n=20-21/group) were intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of influenza virus (0.25 HAU). Mice were monitored daily for morbidity (time to sickness), symptom severity and mortality (time to death) for 21 days. Exercise stress was associated with an increase in susceptibility to infection (morbidity, mortality and symptom severity on days 6 and 7; P<0.05). These data from a controlled influenza virus challenge model add significantly to the growing body of evidence that severe exercise can increase susceptibility to URTI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, PHRC #301, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gangemi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghaffar
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000276:immunology*