title: Involvement of mitochondrial alteration and reactive oxygen species generation in Taiwan cobra cardiotoxin-induced apoptotic death of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.
abstract: Naja naja atra cardiotoxin 3 (CTX3) induced apoptotic death on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. The apoptosis signals of CTX3 included reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim), cytochrome c release to the cytosol and activation of caspase-9 and -3. However, CTX3-induced increase in mitochondrial permeability transition was not initiated by proteins of the Bcl-2 family. The collapse of DeltaPsim, release of cytosolic cytochrome c, production of ROS and subsequent apoptotic cell death in CTX-treated cells could not be completely abolished by either N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger) or cyclosporin A (an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition). Co-incubation with rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I, resulted in partial inhibition of CTX3-induced ROS generation but not the loss of DeltaPsim. Obviously, the dissipation of DeltaPsim was not an upstream event for ROS generation or vice versa. Given that CTX3 was able to induce the leakage of isolated mitochondria, our data indicate that CTX3-induced apoptotic death of SK-N-SH cells is mediated through mitochondrial alteration and ROS generation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ku-Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shinne-Ren
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Long-Sen
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D014475:Uncoupling Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004179:Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014475:Uncoupling Agents; C082202:cardiotoxin III, Naja naja atra; D012402:Rotenone; D016572:Cyclosporine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases; D000111:Acetylcysteine