The effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on human colon cells and inflammation in rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis.
Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has beneficial effects in the treatment of intestinal inflammation; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which these effects occur. We investigated the effects of S. boulardii on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), using human HT-29 colonocytes and a rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. The effect of S. boulardii on gene expression was assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern blot and Western blot assays. Pharmacological inhibitors for various signaling pathways were used to determine the signaling pathways implicated in the S. boulardii regulation of PPAR-gamma and IL-8. We found that S. boulardii up-regulated and down-regulated PPAR-gamma and IL-8 expression at the transcription level, both in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.05, respectively). Saccharomyces boulardii blocked tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) regulation of PPAR-gamma and IL-8 through disruption of TNF-alpha-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation. Furthermore, S. boulardii suppressed colitis and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in vivo (P < 0.05, respectively). Our study demonstrated that S. boulardii reduces colonic inflammation and regulates inflammatory gene expression.
Lee
Sang Kil
SK
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Youn Wha
YW
Chi
Sung-Gil
SG
Joo
Yeong-Shil
YS
Kim
Hyo Jong
HJ
D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000502:physiology*; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid