title: Preference-based quality of life in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was developed to evaluate the feasibility, reliability, and validity of use of patients' ratings of health preference measures as outcomes for cost-effectiveness analyses in persons with very mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients and caregivers completed ratings of the EuroQol-5D system (EQ-5D) and the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 (HUI2) and instruments that assess cognition, mood, insight, AD-specific and generic health-related quality of life (QOL) and activities of daily living.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients' HUI2 scores were reliable. EQ-5D scores were somewhat less so. Patients rated their utility high, with overall EQ-5D and HUI2 scores greater than 0.8. Neither the EQ-5D nor the HUI2 scores had a relationship with severity of cognitive impairment. Both the EQ-5D and the HUI2 had expected relationships with patient-rated measures of QOL, function, mood, and specific subscales we hypothesized should be associated with patient preferences. Patient insight into functional and cognitive impairments had little association with their health preference scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AD patients' scores on the EQ-5D and the HUI2 have many of the characteristics of valid preference measures. However, the proportions of persons who do not perceive any disability, the lack of association with the caregivers' ratings of activities of daily living, limited associations with insight, and no association with their Mini-Mental State Exam scores suggest that patients' reports of disability might reflect legitimate self-perceptions of mood and function that are associated with comorbidities rather than with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Jason.karlawish@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Karlawish
authors.forename: Art
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zbrozek
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kinosian
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires