title: Isotopic and dental evidence for infant and young child feeding practices in an imperial Roman skeletal sample.
abstract: This study integrates isotopic, palaeopathological, and historical evidence to investigate infant and young child feeding practices in a Roman period (1st to 3rd centuries AD) skeletal sample from the Isola Sacra necropolis (Rome, Italy). Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 37 rib samples indicates that transitional feeding began by the end of the first year and weaning occurred by 2-2.5 years of age. Both delta(15)N and delta(13)C data clearly show the trophic level effect associated with breastfeeding. Childhood diet is investigated using dental pathology data in the deciduous dentitions of 78 individuals aged between 1 and 12 years. The presence of calculus, caries, and tooth wear in young children suggests that individuals were provided complementary foods and other items that impacted their dental health at an early age. The isotopic and dental data are generally consistent with the historical evidence from the Roman period with respect to the general timetable of weaning and the character of complementary foods. This is the first study to integrate isotopic and deciduous dental pathology data to explore infant and young child feeding practices in the Roman world.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. tprowse@siu.edu
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Prowse
authors.forename: Shelley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Henry P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schwarcz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garnsey
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Macchiarelli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondioli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000266:history*; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018644:Roman World / Q000266:history*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000737:chemistry; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes