title: Anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrol isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effects of glycyrol, a benzofuran coumarin isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix, were studied. Glycyrol of 5, 25 and 50 microM dose-dependently inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production by down-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and alleviated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, in both the mRNA and the protein. Furthermore, glycyrol dose-dependently decreased the mRNA of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6. LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation was prevented in RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibition of I-kappaBalpha phosphorylation. In addition, administration of glycyrol (30 and 100 mg/kg, i.p) reduced the thickness of carrageenan-induced mouse-paw edema swelling. Taken together, our results indicate that glycyrol is an important anti-inflammatory constituent of Glycyrrhizae Radix, and that its anti-inflammatory effect is attributed to the inhibition I-kappaBalpha phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Myoung
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hong Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lian Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jeong Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merfort
authors.forename: Sam Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hak Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sanghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029882:Glycyrrhiza uralensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002351:Carrageenan; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005419:Flavonoids; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C531349:glycyrol; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse