title: Maternity blues as predictor of postpartum depression: a prospective cohort study among Japanese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternity blues and postpartum depression are common complications of childbearing. However, few studies have shown the relationship between the severity of maternity blues and the risk of postnatal depression. We carried out a longitudinal study among Japanese women to show that maternity blues is a useful factor for predicting postpartum depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty-five women completed questionnaires before delivery, and five days, one month, and three months after delivery. They were required to answer the Stein's Blues Scale and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and other variables. A sequential logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of maternity blues with postpartum depression. The stratum-specific likelihood ratio was then calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of postpartum depression was 12.8%. A Stein's Blues Scale of eight or above was significantly associated with postnatal depression. Likelihood ratios (95% CI ) for the Stein's Blues Scale of 0 to 3, 4 to 7, 8 to 11 and 12 or more were 0.33 (0.16-0.65), 1.06 (0.60-1.88), 3.42 (1.64-7.12) and 9.57 (3.41-26.86), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that maternity blues is a strong predictor of postpartum depression. The higher the blues score, the higher the risk of postpartum depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Mental Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan. wmayumi-sgy@umin.net
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aratake
authors.forename: Noritada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires