title: Influence of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum environment on adhesion and metastasis of a human ovarian cancer cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to explore the adhesion and metastasis capability of the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV(3) after exposure to a simulated laparoscopic carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum environment and the related mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  SKOV(3) was subjected to a simulated laparoscopic CO(2) pneumoperitoneum environment at various CO(2) pressures (8-12 mmHg) and exposure times (1-3 h). Cell adhesive capacity was determined by a mechanical method. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and immunocytochemical staining were used to examine the mRNA and protein expressions of heparanase (HPSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) in SKOV(3). Cells cultured in a standard environment were used as the control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase of SKOV(3) cell adhesion capability was associated with CO(2) pressure and exposure time. A significantly higher adhesion capability was observed in the group with exposure to 10 mmHg for 2 h over a 48 h period, as compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). The expressions of HPSE and VEGF-C in SKOV(3), which are closely related to metastasis capability, also increased. Significantly higher expressions were observed in the group with exposure to 10 mmHg for 3 h over a 48 h period, as compared with the control groups (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adhesion and metastasis capacity of SKOV(3) increased with overexpression of HPSE and VEGF-C and were positively related to CO(2) pressure, exposure, and culture time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, China. charityzxh@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011312:Pressure; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism; D000099175:Heparanase
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005966:Glucuronidase; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D000099175:Heparanase; C467486:VEGFC protein, human