title: l-Glutamate in Middlebrook 7H9 culture medium upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion from human astrocytoma cells.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in the pathology of CNS tuberculosis. Whilst investigating the secretion of MMP-2 from human U373-MG astrocytoma cells, we observed elevated MMP-2 secretion in response to Middlebrook 7H9 media but not to Mycobacterium tuberculosis itself. Middlebrook 7H9 media did not stimulate MMP-1 or MMP-9 secretion from astrocytoma cells. The excitatory neurotransmitter l-glutamate, at concentrations found in Middlebrook 7H9 media, induced significant astrocytoma MMP-2 secretion (p<0.05). l-Glutamate-induced MMP-2 activity may contribute to neuropathology in various CNS diseases and may generate misleading data in pathogen studies where Middlebrook 7H9 is the culture medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Jon S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Friedland
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001254:Astrocytoma; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000592:standards; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000592:standards; D020306:Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2