title: Hydrocephalus as a possible additional contributor to cognitive outcome in survivors of pediatric medulloblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between shunted hydrocephalus and intellectual, memory and academic functioning in a group of survivors of pediatric medulloblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from measures of cognitive, memory, academic and visual-motor functioning were gathered retrospectively from 35 survivors. Of these survivors, 10 (28.6%) required ventriculoperitoneal-shunt placement for hydrocephalus posttumor resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that participants with shunted hydrocephalus demonstrated significantly lower IQs, lower nonverbal intellectual functioning, lower academic skills in writing and math, and impairments in visual-motor abilities when compared with those without shunt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the need to explore other variables--in addition to radiation and chemotherapy--as risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in survivors. Furthermore, identification of physiological substrates underlying these deficits is needed.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Durham, NC 27710, USA. hardy017@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Kristina K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Melanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Victoria W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Melody Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Watral
authors.forename: Sridharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gururangan
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D007360:Intelligence; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D011939:Mental Recall; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000523:psychology; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D014956:Writing