title: Oral health status of low-income, middle-aged to elderly Hong Kong Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study oral health conditions, diabetic medical complications and their association in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 364 type 2 DM patients (63.6 +/- 10.1 years, 54% female) and 161 controls (64.1 +/- 10.6 years, 53% female) with or without essential hypertension, predominantly low-income, attending a hospital were recruited. Periodontal disease (Community Periodontal Index [CPI]) and dental status (decayed, missing and filled teeth [DMFT]) were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose and, for DM patients, HbA1C and DM complications were recorded on enrolment and follow up, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many DM subjects had fair diabetic control. Both groups (control/DM) had poor oral health: DMFT = 14.5/16.8, CPI 4 = 36%/50%, (P < 0.02) while DM subjects had less DT(adjusted) = 2.1/1.4 (P < 0.01). Of the follow-up DM individuals, 294 (81%) had medical complication(s). Regression analyses showed association between advanced periodontal attachment loss (ALoss) and age, male gender, smoking and DM; MT and DMFT were associated with age, female gender, smoking, DM and hypertension. ALoss and DMFT were not associated with DM complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral health of the surveyed Chinese subjects was poor. Type 2 DM subjects were affected more by ALoss and MT but less DT. Subjects with hypertension had higher odds for MT.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Room 3B39, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, PR China. ewkleung@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: W Keung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Shing-Chung
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Frederick C S
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Ka Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Arthur S K
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sham
authors.forename: C S Peter
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Lakshman P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Samaranayake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004245:DMF Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006304:Health Status; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009909:Oral Health; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000150:complications; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011203:Poverty; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin