title: Neonatal outcome of 937 children born after transfer of cryopreserved embryos obtained by ICSI and IVF and comparison with outcome data of fresh ICSI and IVF cycles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the safety of cryopreservation in combination with IVF and ICSI, prenatal diagnosis and neonatal outcome were investigated in children conceived from frozen-thawed ICSI embryos (cryo ICSI) and frozen-thawed IVF embryos (cryo IVF). Data were also compared with earlier published results from fresh ICSI and IVF embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data and results of physical examination at 2 months of 547 cryo ICSI children and 390 cryo IVF children were compared, and these were also compared with those of infants born after transfer of fresh embryos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Birth characteristics were comparable for cryo ICSI and cryo IVF infants. Cryo singletons showed a trend towards higher mean birthweight compared with fresh singletons, in ICSI and IVF, reaching significance when all cryo (ICSI plus IVF) singletons were considered. Low birthweight rate according to multiplicity was comparable between the fresh and the cryo groups, in ICSI and IVF. Non-statistically significantly increased rates of de novo chromosomal anomalies (3.2%) were found in cryo ICSI fetuses/children compared with the fresh ICSI group (1.7%) (OR 1.96; 95% CI 0.92-4.14). Major malformations were more frequently observed in cryo ICSI live borns (6.4%) than in cryo IVF live borns (3.1%) (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.10-4.20) and fresh ICSI live borns (3.4%) (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.31-2.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cryo ICSI compared with cryo IVF, prenatal and neonatal outcome results were comparable, except for a higher major malformation rate in the cryo ICSI group. In the total cryo group compared with the total fresh group, we found a higher mean birthweight in singletons and a higher major malformation rate in live borns.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. florence.belva@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belva
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henriet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van den Abbeel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devroey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van der Elst
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Liebaers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haentjens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonduelle
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous; D001724:Birth Weight; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis