Memory functioning in children with reading disabilities and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a clinical investigation of their working memory and long-term memory functioning.
We examined memory functioning in children with reading disabilities (RD), Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and RD/ADHD using a clinic sample with a clinical instrument: the Children's Memory Scale, enhancing its generalizability. Participants included 23 children with RD, 30 with ADHD, 30 with RD/ADHD, and 30 controls. Children with RD presented with reduced verbal short-term memory (STM) but intact visual STM, central executive (CE), and long-term memory (LTM) functioning. Their deficit in STM appeared specific to tasks requiring phonetic coding of material. Children with ADHD displayed intact CE and LTM functioning but reduced visual-spatial STM, especially when off stimulant medication. Children with RD/ADHD had deficits consistent with both disorders.
Kibby
Michelle Y
MY
Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA. mkibby@siu.edu
Cohen
Morris J
MJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008568:Memory; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D010700:Phonetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011932:Reading; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis