title: Transmission of HIV-1 minority-resistant variants and response to first-line antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 can impair the virological response to antiretroviral therapy. Minority-resistant variants have been detected in acute seroconverters. We investigated the clinical relevance of the detection of majority and minority-resistant variants in an observational study in antiretroviral therapy naive, recently infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included patients infected between 1996 and 2005, with a plasma sample obtained less than 18 months after seroconversion and prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation. Majority-resistant variants were determined by direct population sequencing. Minority-resistant variants were searched by allele-specific PCR for the mutations K103N and M184V in reverse transcriptase and L90M in protease. The association between resistance and viroimmunological response to antiretroviral therapy was estimated by using a piecewise linear mixed model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority-resistant variants were detected in 23/172 (13.4%) patients. Patients with majority-resistant variants had a lower mean plasma viral load and higher mean CD4 cell count at baseline compared with those without resistance. The decrease in viral load between 1 and 6 months on antiretroviral therapy was significantly steeper in patients with sensitive viruses compared with those with majority-resistant variants (P = 0.029). Minority-resistant variants were detected in 21/73 (29%) patients with wild-type viruses at sequencing analysis. The presence of minority-resistant variants did not modify baseline viral load and CD4 cell count and did not affect the changes in viral load and CD4 cell count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The transmission of majority-resistant variants, but not minority-resistant variants, influenced the response to antiretroviral therapy in this prospective study. The detection of the transmission of minority-resistant variants warrants further clinical validation.
authors.affiliation: Virology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peuchant
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiébaut
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capdepont
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavignolle-Aurillac
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neau
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morlat
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dabis
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fleury
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masquelier
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease