title: Could nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) play a role with urine cytology in screening for bladder cancer?--experience at Kuwait University.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) compared to urine cytology in the detection of bladder cancer and also to determine whether indexing suspicious cytology to NMP22 could enhance the clinical utility of cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytological findings of voided urine collected prior to a cystoscopic biopsy were correlated with urine NMP22 assay in 46 patients attending the urology clinic in Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital. The patients were clinically categorized into newly diagnosed cases of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), recurrent TCC, TCC in remission and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using histological diagnosis as the gold standard the sensitivity and specificity of NMP22 were 78% and 43% respectively and of cases with malignant urine cytology were 30% and 87% respectively. If suspicious and malignant cytology were combined as positive results the sensitivity increased significantly to 87% while the specificity decreased but not significantly to 74%. Suspicious or malignant cytology enhanced by positive NMP22 gave a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 87% neither of which was significantly different from cytology alone. There were three false positive cases on cytology and 13 false positive cases on NMP22 assay. There were three false negative cytology and five false negative NMP22 cases but only one was false negative for both, resulting in a high sensitivity (96%) but low specificity (30%) if either positive NMP22 or malignant or suspicious cytology was taken as a positive result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining NMP22 with malignant or suspicious cytological result improved sensitivity for the detection of bladder cancer but with a major decrease in specificity, suggesting a potential role in screening rather than diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. kkapila@yahoo.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Kehinde
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Anim
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Mojiminiyi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vinsu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Maghrebi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Mulla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014495:Universities; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22