title: Psychosocial and socio-demographic factors associated with outcomes for patients undergoing rehabilitation for chronic whiplash associated disorders: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify psychosocial and socio-demographic factors (measured prior to treatment) that were associated with post-treatment self-perceived pain and disability and two secondary outcomes: psychological distress, and return to work in patients undergoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic whiplash associated disorders (WAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews were conducted with 28 patients with chronic WAD at entry to and completion of an intensive rehabilitation program, and a telephone interview was carried out three months later. Participants completed pain and disability, and psychological distress questionnaires, at baseline and at both follow-ups. They also completed psychosocial questionnaires and provided socio-demographic information. The effect of each of the independent variables on the outcomes was first evaluated by simple regressions, and then subsequently by multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher baseline pain and disability predicted higher pain and disability at both follow-ups (p < 0.001), and higher psychological distress at program completion (p = 0.003). Younger age (p = 0.028) and higher baseline psychological distress (p = 0.002) were associated with higher psychological distress three months post-rehabilitation. Greater social support at work was prognostic of return to work at program completion (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline pain and disability was the only factor that affected pain and disability post-rehabilitation. Psychosocial factors played a role in the prognosis of psychological distress and return to work.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Petko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baltov
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Côte
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Truchon
authors.forename: Debbie Ehrmann
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology*; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*