title: Three-dimensional analysis system for orthognathic surgery patients with jaw deformities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, lateral and frontal cephalograms are used with facial photographs to evaluate a patient's maxillofacial skeletal and facial soft-tissue morphology. However, the enlargement and distortion of 2-dimensional radiography made it difficult to accurately conceptualize the patient's anatomy. The purpose of this article was to introduce a new method for comparing 3-dimensional (3D) standard values of the maxillofacial skeletal and facial soft-tissue morphology before and after orthognathic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normative 3D standard values of the maxillofacial skeletal and facial soft-tissue morphology were calculated from normal women. The pre- and postoperative morphology of one woman who underwent orthognathic surgery was compared with the normative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This 3D analysis has clinical value to evaluate patients before and after surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This quantitative assessment of 3D maxillofacial morphology can evaluate the area and degree of displacement and rotation of the facial skeleton and facial soft tissues. This method is sufficiently useful for routine clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. teraji@d7.dion.ne.jp
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terajima
authors.forename: Natsumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yanagita
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tazuko K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokumori
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakasima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D010294:Parietal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D015050:Zygoma / Q000033:anatomy & histology