title: Patient-reported health status in coronary heart disease in the United States: age, sex, racial, and ethnic differences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary heart disease (CHD) affects 15.8 million Americans. However, data on the national impact of CHD on health-related quality of life, particularly among people of different age, sex, racial, and ethnic groups, are limited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using data from the 2000 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we examined various measures of patient-reported health status, including health-related quality of life, in the CHD and non-CHD populations and differences in the measures among demographic subgroups. These measures included short-form generic measures (Short Form 12; Mental Component Summary-12 and Physical Component Summary-12) and EuroQol Group measures (EQ-5D index and EQ visual analog scale). Ordinary least-squares regressions were used to adjust for sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, comorbidities, and proxy report. The adjusted difference between the CHD and non-CHD populations was -1.2 for Mental Component Summary-12 (2.4% of the score in the non-CHD population), -4.6 for Physical Component Summary-12 (9.2%), -0.04 for EQ-5D (4.6%), and -7.3 for EQ visual analog scale (9.0%) (all P<0.05). Differences among demographic subgroups were observed. Particularly, compared with whites, the differences between CHD and non-CHD in blacks were bigger in all measures except Physical Component Summary-12. A significantly bigger difference in Mental Component Summary-12 also was observed among Hispanics compared with non-Hispanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHD is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life and other patient-reported health status in the US adult population. Differences in the impairment associated with CHD exist across different age, racial, and ethnic groups. In addition to preventing CHD, effective public health interventions should be aimed at improving health-related quality of life and perceived health status in the CHD population, especially the most vulnerable groups.
authors.affiliation: Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-47, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. jipan.xie@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jipan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Eric Q
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhi-Jie
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Darwin R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Labarthe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American