title: Homotypic and endothelial cell adhesions via N-cadherin determine polarity and regulate migration of vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Migration of smooth muscle cells from the arterial media to the intima is central to several vascular pathologies including restenosis. This study demonstrates that, like directional migration of other cells, smooth muscle migration is accompanied by a dramatic, polarized reorganization of the cell cytoskeleton that is accompanied by activation of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. We also show, for the first time, that signals generated at the posterior-lateral aspects of wound edge cells by the cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin are required for polarization and rapid migration of vascular smooth muscle. Importantly, when a cohort of migrating smooth muscle cells encounter CHO cells or the A10 smooth muscle cell line, neither of which expresses N-cadherin, polarity is only slightly suppressed. However, when smooth muscle cells encounter stably transfected, N-cadherin-expressing A10 cells or (N-cadherin-expressing) vascular endothelium, they rapidly lose their polarized phenotype. The latter finding indicates that endothelial signaling to innermost smooth muscle cells via N-cadherin may be critical to normal vessel wall stability. We infer that asymmetrical distribution of N-cadherin is necessary for the establishment of cell polarity during migration and that N-cadherin ligation is highly effective in abrogating polarized migration. Finally, we showed that endothelial cell polarity does not depend on N-cadherin; therefore, this molecule may be an attractive target for therapies to prevent restenosis without suppressing endothelial repair and risking late thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7.
authors.forename: Peter J B
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silverman-Gavrila
authors.forename: Michelle P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bendeck
authors.forename: B Lowell
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Langille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013552:Swine; D014162:Transfection; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein