title: Patient reported receipt of medication instructions for warfarin is associated with reduced risk of serious bleeding events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse drug events are an important cause of preventable hospitalizations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether patient report of receipt of medication instructions and markers of complex care (multiple physicians, recent hospitalization) predict the risk of serious bleeding for older adults on warfarin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects filled new or refill prescriptions for warfarin at the time of enrollment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalizations were identified through a state-wide registry. Discharge summaries of hospitalizations for possible warfarin related bleeding events were reviewed by trained abstractors and clinical experts. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated based on person-months of exposure using Poisson regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From March 2002 through May 2003, we enrolled a total of 2346 adults on warfarin. Over a two-year follow-up period, there were 126 hospitalizations due to warfarin-related bleeding (4.6 hospitalizations per 100 person-years of exposure). Patients who reported receiving medication instructions from either a physician or nurse plus a pharmacist had a 60% reduced rate of subsequently experiencing a serious bleeding event over the next 2 years (adjusted IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.68). Having > or = 4 physicians providing medication prescriptions over the last 3 months and filling prescriptions at > 1 pharmacy over the last 3 months were independently associated with increased bleeding rates (adjusted IRRs 2.37, 95% CI 1.22-4.57 and 1.61, 95% CI 0.97-2.67, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of warfarin-related hospitalization for bleeding is substantially lower for patients who report receiving medication instructions from a physician or nurse and a pharmacist.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jmetlay@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Metlay
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: A Russell
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Localio
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kimmel
authors.forename: Harold I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Strom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000379:methods; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs; D014859:Warfarin