title: Workloads in Australian emergency departments a descriptive study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify the current workload of clinical nurses, managers and educators in Australian Emergency Departments according to the classification of the department Additionally the relationship of experienced to inexperienced clinical staff was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive research method utilising a survey distributed to 394 Australian Emergency departments with a 21% response rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing workloads were calculated and a ratio of nurse to patient was established. The ratios included nurse to patient, management and educators to clinical staff. Additionally the percentage of junior to senior clinical staff was also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all categories of emergency departments the mean nurse:patient ratios were 1:15 (am shift), 1:7 (pm shift) and 1:4 (night shift). During this period an average of 17.1% of attendances were admitted to hospital. There were 27 staff members for each manager and 23.3 clinical staff for each educator. The percentage of junior staff rostered ranged from 10% to 38%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency nurses cannot work under such pressure as it may compromise the care given to patients and consequently have a negative effect on the nurse personally. However, emergency nurses are dynamically adjusting to the workload. Such conditions as described in this study could give rise to burnout and attrition of experienced emergency nurses as they cannot resolve the conflict between workload and providing quality nursing care.
authors.affiliation: Monash University, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia. Joy.Lyneham@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lyneham
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cloughessy
authors.forename: Valmai
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D012308:Risk Management; D016526:Workload