title: Helicobacter pylori infection in children with celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children with celiac disease (CD) and to examine the role of H. pylori infection in clinical, laboratory and histopathological presentations of CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 96 children with CD and 235 children who underwent endoscopy were compared for the prevalence and gastric histology pattern of H. pylori. Clinical presentation, laboratory and histological findings of CD children with and without H. pylori infection were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one subjects (21.8%) in the CD group and 56 subjects (23.8%) in the control group had H. pylori gastritis. Gastric metaplasia is higher in CD patients with H. pylori gastritis (19%) than in patients without H. pylori gastritis (1.3%) and in the control group (3.5%) (p<0.05 for all groups). Abdominal distension is more common at initial admission in CD patients with H. pylori gastritis (57.1% versus 14.6%, p<0.05). No significant difference was found between H. pylori (+) and (-) CD patients in terms of prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Only mild duodenal histological findings were more common in H. pylori patients (57.1% versus 26.7%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD may be associated with H. pylori gastritis, but it does not affect the clinical presentation of the disease, except for abdominal distension; CD is associated with mild duodenal lesions. A gluten-free diet improves the symptoms in all patients independently of the presence of H. pylori gastritis. Gastric metaplasia increases in the presence of H. pylori gastritis. Further prospective studies are needed to examine the clinical and histopathological outcomes of gastric metaplasia associated with H. pylori gastritis in CD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydogdu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Hasan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Yuksekkaya
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tumgor
authors.forename: Masallah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Rasit V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Yagci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology