title: [Oral erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia: red and red-white dysplastic lesions of the oral mucosa--part 2: cytodiagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prognostic aspects].
abstract: The second part of the present review article presents and discusses the current literature regarding cytodiagnostic aspects, pathogenesis, therapy, incidence of recurrence, and malignant transformation rate of oral erythroplakia (OE) and oral erythroleukoplakia (OEL). Oral cytopathology, eventually in combination with DNA cytometry, can add valuable information to conventional histopathology, but is not able yet to replace the aforementioned. Numerous molecular genetic variants have been studied in precancerous lesions to gain knowledge about the prognosis of these lesions. Still, there are no evidence-based parameters available to safely detect precursor lesions that will undergo malignant transformation in the future. Excision of OE and OEL should be performed with a margin of safety using the CO2 laser or a scalpel. Data about incidence of recurrence and malignant tranformation rates of OE are mostly based upon case reports or case series. The OEL has a significantly higher risk of malignant transformation than oral leukoplakias.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Oralchirurgie und Stomatologie Zahnmedizinische Klinikern der Universität Bern, Bern.
authors.forename: Valérie G A
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morger
authors.forename: Hans Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Altermatt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spieler
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bornstein
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000782:Aneuploidy; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004919:Erythroplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery