title: The extracellular domain of the growth hormone receptor interacts with coactivator activator to promote cell proliferation.
abstract: The presence of GH receptor (GHR) in the cell nucleus correlates with cell division, and targeting the GHR to the nucleus results in constitutive proliferation and transformation because of increased sensitivity to autocrine GH. Here we have sought additional mechanisms that might account for the enhanced proliferation seen with nuclear GHR, commencing with a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screen for interactors with the extracellular domain of the GHR [GH-binding protein (GHBP)]. We find that the GHBP is a transcriptional activator in yeast and mammalian cells, and this activity resides in the lower cytokine receptor module. Activity is dependent on S226, the conserved serine of the cytokine receptor consensus WSXWS box. By using parallel GHBP affinity columns and tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of proteins bound to wild-type GHBP and S226A columns, we identified proteins that bind to the transcriptionally active GHBP. These include a nucleoporin and two transcriptional regulators, notably the coactivator activator (CoAA), which is also an RNA binding splicing protein. Binding of CoAA to the GHBP was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation, and shown to be GH dependent in pro-B Ba/F3 cells. Importantly, stable expression of CoAA in Ba/F3 cells resulted in an increased maximum proliferation in response to GH, but not IL-3. Because CoAA overexpression has been identified in many cancers and its stable expression promotes cell proliferation and cell transformation in NIH-3T3 cells, we suggest CoAA contributes to the proliferative actions of nuclear GHR by the hormone-dependent recruitment of this powerful coactivator to the GHR.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Becky L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Conway-Campbell
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perani
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C519386:Rbm14 protein, mouse; D017931:DNA Primers; D007377:Interleukin-3; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013006:Growth Hormone