title: Achilles tendon problems: not just an orthopaedic issue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current concepts on Achilles tendon involvement in various pathological conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was conducted to trace relevant literature on Achilles tendon problems in general pathologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Achilles tendon can be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, genetically determined collagen abnormalities, infectious diseases, tumours, and neurological conditions which are not of a primary surgical nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although Achilles tendon problems are classically considered frequent in active individuals from overuse or a single acute episode, problems in the Achilles tendon can be a consequence of several conditions.
authors.affiliation: Immunoclot Ltd, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Paul Richard Julian
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: Umile Giuseppe
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Denaro
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003240:Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000503:physiopathology