Clinicopathological features and prognosis of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a study of 30 cases in Taiwan.
BACKGROUND
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), a group of non-blistering severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCADRs), is characterized by skin rash and multiorgan involvement. Details of this reaction have not been reported in the literature so far.


OBJECTIVE
We investigate clinical and pathological features and prognosis of DRESS and hope this study will provide data concerning this disorder in Taiwan.


METHODS
From January 2001 to June 2006, a total of 30 patients, diagnosed with DRESS, were enrolled and evaluated for demographic characteristics, pathological findings, complications and outcome.


RESULTS
Patient ages ranged from 13 to 78, with an equal sex ratio. The most common offending drug was allopurinol followed by carbamazepine. Pathologic changes observed were lichenoid dermatitis, erythema multiforme, pseudolymphoma and vasculitis. Impairment of liver and renal functions and blood dyscrasia were frequent complications. Active infection or reactivation of HHV-6 was observed in 7 of 11 patients studied serologically. Two patients developed type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mortality rate was 10% (3 of 30).


CONCLUSIONS
DRESS is a heterogeneous group of life-threatening conditions. The leading drug in DRESS in Taiwan is allopurinol. High eosinophil count and multiple underlying diseases are poor prognostic factors in patients with DRESS.
Chiou
C-C
CC
Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
Yang
L-C
LC
Hung
S-I
SI
Chang
Y-C
YC
Kuo
T-T
TT
Ho
H-C
HC
Hu
S
S
Hong
H-S
HS
Chung
W-H
WH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000009:adverse effects; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011379:Prognosis; D013624:Taiwan; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D002220:Carbamazepine; D000493:Allopurinol; D011239:Prednisolone; D006854:Hydrocortisone