title: Undetected iatrogenic lesions of the anterior femoral shaft during intramedullary nailing: a cadaveric study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of undetected radiographically iatrogenic longitudinal splitting in the anterior cortex during intramedullary nailing of the femur has not been well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cadaveric study using nine pairs of fresh-frozen femora from adult cadavers. The nine pairs of femora underwent a standardized antegrade intramedullary nailing and the detection of iatrogenic lesions, if any, was performed macroscopically and by radiographic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Longitudinal splitting in the anterior cortex was revealed in 5 of 18 cadaver femora macroscopically. Anterior splitting was not detectable in radiographic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal splitting in the anterior cortex during intramedullary nailing of the femur cannot be detected radiographically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Keck School Of Medicine, LAC+USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, GNH 3900, 9312 Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. snapmd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Stamatios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Papadakis
authors.forename: Charalampos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zalavras
authors.forename: Raffy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mirzayan
authors.forename: Lane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepherd