title: Ten year trends in chronic disease risk factors in the Republic of Karelia, Russia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Russia, non-communicable diseases are leading cause of death. The aim of this article is to describe changes in chronic disease risk factors (RFs) in Pitkäranta district in Russia during ten year period of time from 1992 to 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study areas were Pitkäranta and Aunus districts in the Republic of Karelia, North-West Russia. The RF surveys were carried out in Pitkäranta every fifth year since 1992 and in Aunus in 2003. Independent random samples, age 25-64, were taken from the population registers. Blood pressure, weight and height were measured. Serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and GGT values were determined from serum samples. Smoking and alcohol consumption were asked. The total number of respondents was 2766.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in Pitkäranta from 1992 to 2002. Total serum cholesterol increased slightly. There was no significant change in BMI or in physical activity. Smoking did not change in males but increased among females. Self-reported alcohol use increased, as also mean GGT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study gives valuable information on developments of RFs in Russia. Some alarming tendencies in lifestyle were seen and chronic disease RF situation has generally worsened. The results also show how big is the challenge to change lifestyles deep in culture--and in the situation where preventive work and policies do not receive strong support. A reliable monitoring of RFs and behaviours is obviously a back bone for drawing necessary attention and to steer intervention.
authors.affiliation: North Karelia Centre for Public Health, Joensuu, Finland. tiina.vlasoff@kansanterveys.info
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vlasoff
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Korpelainen
authors.forename: Mihail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhanov
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokusajeva
authors.forename: Anastasiya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogacheva
authors.forename: Kerttu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tossavainen
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vartiainen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids