title: Sequential bone healing of immediately loaded mini-implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relatively small size and the ability to load mini-implants without delay are important changes in the simplification of bone rigid anchorage. The purpose of this study was to analyze interfacial healing 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the placment of titanium mini-implants in New Zealand rabbits by removal torque test (RTT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen animals were used in the experiment, in which 72 titanium grade 5 mini-implants 2.0 mm in diameter and 6.0 mm long, were placed. Each animal received 4 mini-implants; 2 were immediately loaded with 1 N.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RTT means for the unloaded mini-implants at 1, 4, and 12 weeks were 15.2 +/- 4.2 N mm (n = 5), 13.1 +/- 5.7 N mm (n = 5), and 54.4 +/- 12.8 N mm (n = 4), respectively. The loaded groups had means of 12.7 +/- 5.1 N mm (n = 4), 11.1 +/- 5.4 N mm (n = 4), and 32.9 +/- 12.8 N mm (n = 5) for the same healing periods, respectively. The statistical evaluation indicated significance in the comparison between loaded and unloaded 12-week groups (P <0.05). SEM analysis in the loaded group showed the formation of less fibrous interfacial tissue after 4 weeks and more lamellar appearance after 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immediate 1-N load did not cause significant changes in the fixation of the mini-implants after 1 and 4 weeks of bone healing. Nevertheless, after 12 weeks, the loaded group had significantly lower RTT values than the unloaded group without compromising the stability of the mini-implants (P <0.05).
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Diego; Engineering Military Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. gserrag@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Glaucio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Liliane S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Carlos Nelson
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D015921:Dental Implants; D004548:Elasticity; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D014025:Titanium