Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.
This year, more than 1 million Americans and more than 10 million people worldwide are expected to be diagnosed with cancer, a disease commonly believed to be preventable. Only 5-10% of all cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects, whereas the remaining 90-95% have their roots in the environment and lifestyle. The lifestyle factors include cigarette smoking, diet (fried foods, red meat), alcohol, sun exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity. The evidence indicates that of all cancer-related deaths, almost 25-30% are due to tobacco, as many as 30-35% are linked to diet, about 15-20% are due to infections, and the remaining percentage are due to other factors like radiation, stress, physical activity, environmental pollutants etc. Therefore, cancer prevention requires smoking cessation, increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables, moderate use of alcohol, caloric restriction, exercise, avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight, minimal meat consumption, use of whole grains, use of vaccinations, and regular check-ups. In this review, we present evidence that inflammation is the link between the agents/factors that cause cancer and the agents that prevent it. In addition, we provide evidence that cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.
Anand
Preetha
P
Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Kunnumakkara
Ajaikumar B
AB
Kunnumakara
Ajaikumar B
AB
Sundaram
Chitra
C
Harikumar
Kuzhuvelil B
KB
Tharakan
Sheeja T
ST
Lai
Oiki S
OS
Sung
Bokyung
B
Aggarwal
Bharat B
BB
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D015444:Exercise; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008019:Life Style; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014675:Vegetables; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014815:Vitamins