title: Working memory and depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and substance use disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance abuse is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and it has been associated with negative consequences on the course of the pathology. Regarding cognition, the prevailing literature has produced mixed results. Some groups have reported greater cognitive impairments in dual diagnosis schizophrenia, while other groups have described the reverse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current cross-sectional study sought to investigate the potential differences in psychiatric symptoms and cognition between schizophrenia patients with and without substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three schizophrenia patients were divided into two groups: with (n=30) and without (n=23) a substance use disorder (DSM-IV criteria). Psychiatric symptoms were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS). Psychomotor speed and spatial working memory were measured using Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the dual diagnosis group displayed more severe depressive symptoms and poorer strategy during the working memory task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are in keeping with the prevailing literature describing negative consequences of substance abuse in schizophrenia. Substance abuse may exacerbate depressive symptoms and interfere with metacognition in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Fernand-Seguin Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Potvin
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pampoulova
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lipp
authors.forename: Lahcen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ait Bentaleb
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs