title: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and child maltreatment: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during childhood are associated with child maltreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 14 322 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We used logistic regression and propensity score matching to examine the relationship, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and familial risk factors for child maltreatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inattentive type, by criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, was significantly associated with the likelihood of supervision neglect (odds ratio [OR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-2.2), physical neglect (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.1), physical abuse (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3), and contact sexual abuse (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.5). To a lesser extent, hyperactive type was associated with the likelihood of supervision neglect (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0) and physical abuse (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6). The association between hyperactive type and physical neglect or contact sexual abuse was not significant. The results from the propensity score matching were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with self-reported child maltreatment. Health care providers should be alert to the potential for child maltreatment among children with ADHD symptoms, especially those with inattentive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Lijing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercy
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perou
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Grosse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000145:classification*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States