title: Inhibitory effect of oxycoumarins isolated from the Thai medicinal plant Clausena guillauminii on the inflammation mediators, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and COX-2 expression in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the known oxycoumarins poncitrin (3), osthol (4), and xanthoxyletin (5), newly isolated from Clausena guillauminii (Rutaceae), together with the known carbazoles heptaphylline (1) and 7-methoxyheptaphylline (2) on inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the NO generation in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Isolation of active oxycoumarins was guided by Western blot analysis of iNOS protein expression. These oxycoumarins showed an inhibitory effect on iNOS protein expression at 10 microM. Further examination of the inhibitory effects of these compounds on inflammation mediators revealed that the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were inhibited by 5. It was expected that these compounds show anti-inflammatory activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan. chitoku@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Chaiyo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaichantipyuth
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D054700:Clausena / Q000737:chemistry*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2