title: Three-dimensional dialysate flow analysis in a hollow-fiber dialyzer by perfusion computed tomography.
abstract: Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is a means to rapidly and easily evaluate cerebral perfusion in patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms, which provides insights into capillary-level hemodynamics. In this study, we used PCT to analyze the 3-dimensional dialysate flow in a low-flux hemodialyzer equipped with a standard fiber bundle. The dynamic CT studies were performed with 64-channel multi-detector row CT (MDCT) at a dialysate flow rate of 500 ml/min and a 1.0 ml/sec injection rate of contrast agent. Central volume principle was used to calculate hydrodynamic parameters by deconvolution of time-density curves (TDCs). Functional maps of dialysate flow (DF), dialysate volume (DV), and mean transit time (MTT) could quantitatively describe the dialysate flow maldistribution, variations in fiber packing, and perfusion pressure distribution in a hemodialyzer, respectively. PCT by means of analysis was able to overcome the limitations of conventional imaging techniques for analyzing dialysate flow distributions in hollow-fiber dialyzers. Not only local hydrodynamic phenomena at microscopic level but also macroscopic flow behavior of dialysate were visualized quantitatively. Therefore, we concluded that PCT is a quantitative analysis method to provide better insights into hydrodynamics of hollow-fiber dialyzers and is expected to contribute to optimization of artificial kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
mesh_terms: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007688:Kidneys, Artificial; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions