title: The economic impact of aspergillosis: analysis of hospital expenditures across patient subgroups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the impact of invasive aspergillosis infection on US hospital costs and financial performance across different patient populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital discharge data for patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of aspergillosis were extracted from the 2003 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the fiscal year 2003 (FYO3) Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file. The data on patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, estimated costs, and reimbursement levels were reported. After controlling for comorbidities, operative procedures, and diagnosis-related group (DRG) assignment, the clinical and economic outcomes were compared for patients with and without aspergillosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NIS contains a total of over 38 million projected hospital discharges. From these, 10400 aspergillosis cases were identified across 171 DRGs, resulting in a US incidence rate of 36 per million per year. The mean age of aspergillosis patients was 55.6 years, with 53.4% male and 67.9% Caucasian. The median (mean) LOS per aspergillosis patient was 10 (17.7) days, with a median (mean) total hospital charge (THC) of $44,845 ($96,731). Among the patient subgroups analyzed, the median (mean) THC per patient ranged from $47,252 ($82,946) for HIV to $413,200 ($442,233) for bone marrow transplant (BMT). When compared to the non-aspergillosis patient population, the data showed a significant increase in LOS, THC, and hospital costs. Furthermore, the higher hospital costs associated with aspergillosis patients were not matched by similar increases in reimbursements, resulting in a greater financial loss for hospitals. The mean reimbursement-to-cost ratio for aspergillosis cases across the DRGs analyzed was 0.80.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspergillosis affects a wide range of patient groups and has a negative economic impact across many DRGs. Improved prevention, diagnosis, and patient management strategies can help mitigate these effects on hospital financial performance.
authors.affiliation: Quorum Consulting, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94108, USA. info@quorumconsulting.com
authors.forename: Kuo B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murtagh
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: Raafat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifeldin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D017722:Hospital Charges; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult