title: Alcohol consumption and risk of coronary heart disease among Chinese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Observational studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may lower risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease (CHD); yet, evidence for this comes almost entirely from Western populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study in 64,597 Chinese men aged > or = 40 years who were free of clinical CHD at baseline examination. Data on frequency and type of alcohol consumed were collected at the baseline examination in 1991 using a standard protocol. Follow-up evaluation was conducted in 1999-2000, with a response rate of 94%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 494,084 person-years of follow-up, we documented 725 (361 fatal) incident MI and 976 (588 fatal) incident CHD events. After stratification by province to account for multi-stage sampling design and adjustment for age, education, physical activity, cigarette smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, urbanization (urban vs. rural), geographic variation (north vs. south) and history of diabetes, relative risk (95% confidence interval) of MI was 0.93 (0.70-1.24) for participants consuming 1 to 6 drinks/week, 0.66 (0.54-0.82) for those consuming 7 to 34 drinks/week, and 0.58 (0.41-0.81) for those consuming > or = 35 drinks/week (p for linear trend <0.0001) compared to non-drinkers. The corresponding relative risks for CHD events were 0.99 (0.77-1.27), 0.67 (0.56-0.81), and 0.58 (0.44-0.78), respectively (p for linear trend <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol consumption may be related to lower risk of MI and CHD in middle-aged and older Chinese men. However, heavy alcohol consumption may lead to increased mortality from other causes; therefore, the implications of these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2715, USA. lbazzano@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Lydia A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bazzano
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiqui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chiung-Shiuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiufang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Jichun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior