title: The subcutaneous brow- and forehead-lift: a face-lift for the forehead and brow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose is to present a less invasive and technically simpler method for brow and forehead rejuvenation and literature review on the subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive female patients were treated with the subcutaneous brow-lift technique over a 30-month period by the same surgeon. This surgical technique is performed under direct vision utilizing an extreme beveled incision made 4 to 5 mm into the anterior hairline with subcutaneous dissection of the anterior forehead only with the excision of 1.5 to 2.0 cm of excess skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This technique provided stable brow and forehead rejuvenation without hairline elevation. All patients were pleased with the result. No patients complained of problematic scars, permanent dysesthesia, or need to alter their hair style. Patients that were treated with simultaneous blepharoplasty were, overall, more pleased with the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique has proven to be a viable alternative to endoscopic and other modes of brow- and forehead-lifting in the author's practice. When compared to contemporary endoscopic techniques, this procedure does not require specialized equipment, is performed under direct vision, does not elevate the hairline, and has a more dramatic effect on forehead rhytides. The incision design allows hair regrowth through the scar making it extremely aesthetic and hidden.
authors.affiliation: Group Private Practice, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Richmond, Virginia 23235, USA. niamtu@niamtu.com
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niamtu
mesh_terms: D005138:Eyebrows; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue