title: In vivo pharmacodynamic target investigation for micafungin against Candida albicans and C. glabrata in a neutropenic murine candidiasis model.
abstract: Previous studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the concentration-associated pharmacodynamic indices, the maximum concentration of a drug in serum/MIC and 24-h area under the curve (AUC)/MIC, are associated with echinocandin treatment efficacy. The current investigations used a neutropenic murine model of disseminated Candida albicans and C. glabrata infection to identify the 24-h AUC/MIC index target associated with a stasis and killing endpoint for the echinocandin, micafungin. The kinetics after intraperitoneal micafungin dosing were determined in neutropenic infected mice. Peak levels and AUC values were linear over the 16-fold dose range studied. The serum drug elimination half-life ranged from 7.5 to 16 h. Treatment studies were conducted with 4 C. albicans and 10 C. glabrata isolates with micafungin MICs varying from 0.008 to 0.25 microg/ml to determine whether similar 24-h AUC/MIC ratios were associated with efficacy. The free drug AUC/MICs associated with stasis and killing (1-log) endpoints were near 10 and 20, respectively. The micafungin exposures associated with efficacy were similar for the two Candida species. Furthermore, the free drug micafungin exposures required to produce stasis and killing endpoints were similar to those recently reported for another echinocandin, anidulafungin, against the identical Candida isolates in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792, USA. dra@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Andes
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diekema
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marchillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bohrmueller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077551:Micafungin; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D000077551:Micafungin