title: Retinopathy associated with ivermectin toxicosis in two dogs.
abstract: METHODS
  2 dogs (dogs 1 and 2) were examined for sudden onset of blindness. Both dogs had mild obtundation and mydriasis in both eyes. It was thought that dog 1 may have ingested ivermectin; dog 2 had been treated with ivermectin for demodectic mange.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On initial examination, both dogs had mydriasis and decreased pupillary light reflexes in both eyes. Dog 1 had an absent menace response bilaterally. Fundic examination of both eyes in both dogs revealed regions of multifocal retinal edema and folds with low-lying retinal separation. The electroretinogram was extinguished in dog 1 and attenuated in dog 2. Ivermectin was detected in serum samples from both dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both dogs made a complete clinical recovery following cessation of exposure to ivermectin; electroretinographic findings improved, and retinal edema resolved with some residual chorioretinal scarring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of resolution of retinal edema and electroretinographic changes associated with ivermectin toxicosis in dogs. In dogs that develop blindness suddenly, fundic examination, electroretinography, and assessment of serum ivermectin concentration are diagnostically useful, even if exposure to ivermectin is unknown.
authors.affiliation: William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Vernau
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Puschner
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Maggs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001766:Blindness / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007559:Ivermectin