title: Alterations in microRNA expression contribute to fatty acid-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visceral obesity and elevated plasma free fatty acids are predisposing factors for type 2 diabetes. Chronic exposure to these lipids is detrimental for pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in reduced insulin content, defective insulin secretion, and apoptosis. We investigated the involvement in this phenomenon of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by sequence-specific inhibition of mRNA translation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed miRNA expression in insulin-secreting cell lines or pancreatic islets exposed to palmitate for 3 days and in islets from diabetic db/db mice. We studied the signaling pathways triggering the changes in miRNA expression and determined the impact of the miRNAs affected by palmitate on insulin secretion and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prolonged exposure of the beta-cell line MIN6B1 and pancreatic islets to palmitate causes a time- and dose-dependent increase of miR34a and miR146. Elevated levels of these miRNAs are also observed in islets of diabetic db/db mice. miR34a rise is linked to activation of p53 and results in sensitization to apoptosis and impaired nutrient-induced secretion. The latter effect is associated with inhibition of the expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, a key player in beta-cell exocytosis. Higher miR146 levels do not affect the capacity to release insulin but contribute to increased apoptosis. Treatment with oligonucleotides that block miR34a or miR146 activity partially protects palmitate-treated cells from apoptosis but is insufficient to restore normal secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that at least part of the detrimental effects of palmitate on beta-cells is caused by alterations in the level of specific miRNAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lovis
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roggli
authors.forename: D Ross
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Laybutt
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gattesco
authors.forename: Jiang-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Widmann
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abderrahmani
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Regazzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010168:Palmitates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D035683:MicroRNAs; D010168:Palmitates; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2; C494808:vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, mouse