title: Intrathecal analgesia for refractory cancer pain.
abstract: The use of intrathecal analgesics is an important treatment consideration for many patients with chronic cancer pain. This review describes the various opioid and nonopioid analgesics that have been used in this setting, including morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, sufentanil, local anesthetics, clonidine, ketamine, baclofen, midazolam, betamethasone, and octreotide. We discuss available evidence for their analgesic and adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Albany Medical College; Comprehensive Pain Program, The Neurosciences Institute, Albany Medical Center, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-70, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: Bridget K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Frawley
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Argoff
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics