Anti-HIV and vitamin C-synergized radical scavenging activity of cacao husk lignin fractions.
Cacao husk lignin fractions, prepared by acid precipitation and 50% ethanol precipitation showed unexpectedly higher anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, as compared with the corresponding fractions from the cacao mass, amounting to the level comparable with that of popular anti-HIV compounds. The cacao husk lignin fractions also showed anti-influenza virus activity, but did not show antibacterial activity. The cacao husk lignin fractions synergistically enhanced the superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of vitamin C. The cacao husk lignin fractions stimulated nitric oxide generation by mouse macrophage-like cells, to a level higher than that attained by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study suggests the functionality of cacao husk lignin fractions as complementary alternative medicine.
Sakagami
Hiroshi
H
Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan. sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp
Satoh
Kazue
K
Fukamachi
Haruka
H
Ikarashi
Takeshi
T
Shimizu
Ai
A
Yano
Kazuyoshi
K
Kanamoto
Taisei
T
Terakubo
Shigemi
S
Nakashima
Hideki
H
Hasegawa
Hideo
H
Nomura
Akiko
A
Utsumi
Katsuaki
K
Yamamoto
Masaji
M
Maeda
Yuuichi
Y
Osawa
Kenji
K
D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008031:Lignin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008031:Lignin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid