title: Occupational organic solvent exposure, smoking, and prevalence of chronic bronchitis-an epidemiological study of 3387 men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the interaction of smoking and history of long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents on the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) among middle aged and elderly men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire on health, lifestyle, and working conditions, and a clinical examination including measurements of height, weight, and peak-flow. Self-reported occupational solvent exposure for 5 years or more was compared to never exposed. Three thousand two hundred eight men aged 63 +/- 10 years were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred sixty one men had CB (14.4%). Current smoking and the interaction of smoking and long-term occupational exposure to organic solvents (> 5 years) were the factors most strongly associated with prevalence of CB. In the solvent exposed group odds ratio for CB was 7.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.4 to 14.5) comparing current smokers with non-smokers against only 3.7 (95% CI: 2.8 to 4.8) in the nonexposed group, also after control for potential confounders. Among nonsmokers only, long-term exposure to organic solvents was not associated with an increased prevalence of CB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current or previous occupational exposure to organic solvents doubles the smoking related risk of CB, probably due to an additional irritative effect in the alveolar and bronchial mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, The Copenhagen Male Study, Epidemiological Research Unit, H:S Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. ne01@bbh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Niels Erik
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ebbehøj
authors.forename: Hans Ole
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suadicani
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyntelberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D029481:Bronchitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents