title: Discussing withdrawing and withholding of life-sustaining medical treatment in a tertiary paediatric hospital: a survey of clinician attitudes and practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand current attitudes and practices relating to discussions concerning the withholding and withdrawing of life-sustaining medical treatment (WWLSMT) among medical staff in the paediatric setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous online survey of paediatricians (senior medical staff - SMS) and paediatric trainees (junior medical staff - JMS) likely to be involved in the care of children with life limiting illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 162 responses were obtained (response rate 42%). SMS indicated feeling more comfortable with their abilities to discuss WWLSMT than JMS. Barriers to discussing WWLSMT were numerous and included clinician concerns about family readiness for the discussion, prognostic uncertainty, family disagreement with the treating team regarding the child's prognosis/diagnosis and concerns about how to manage family requests for treatments that are not perceived to be in the child's best interests. Fifty-eight per cent of JMS and 35.8% of SMS reported receiving no specific communication training regarding WWLSMT. Most learned through experience and by observing more senior colleagues. There was a high level of support for additional training in this area and for the provision of resources such as discussion guidelines and a structured form for documenting the outcomes WWLSMT discussions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of JMS feel less comfortable with their abilities to facilitate these discussions than their senior colleagues. The results of this study suggest that although confidence correlates with experience, junior and senior clinicians are eager to improve their skills through ongoing professional development and the provision of resources. The education needs of JMS and SMS appear to be different.
authors.affiliation: Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goeman
authors.forename: Zornitza
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hynson
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forrester
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D018447:Medical Futility; D008503:Medical Staff; D009517:New South Wales; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013648:Tasmania; D014739:Victoria; D028761:Withholding Treatment