title: Fatal hyponatremia in a 7-year-old girl with cloacal exstrophy after cystoscopy for a bladder stone.
abstract: A case of fatal hyponatremia in a 7-year-old girl following a percutaneous cystolithotomy is presented. Stone removal by percutaneous cystolithotomy is considered a safe and effective procedure, but this may depend on the type of solution used for irrigation. In this case less than 2L of sterile water was used as irrigation in an augmented bladder causing a drop in sodium to 120 mmol/L in 30 min. The result was a massive shift of water into the cerebral tissue, cerebral edema and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, The Children's Hospital, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Box 463, Aurora, CO, USA. marc.walker@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fuhr
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koyle
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000150:complications*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014567:Urography