title: Lamivudine-induced red cell aplasia.
abstract: Anaemia is frequent in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and antiretroviral drugs have been implicated. Whilst therapy-induced anaemia is more readily attributed to zidovudine, lamivudine-associated, potentially life-threatening, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) has been less recognized in the past and is only infrequently documented in the literature. We report on a patient suffering from what turned out to be lamivudine-induced PRCA who required 15 units of blood within 3 weeks before recovering swiftly following lamivudine (3TC) treatment withdrawal. As reviewed here, the nature of this condition is not well described in general, the onset appears to be variable and occurs at any CD4(+) count, but rapid improvement after cessation of drug administration appears to be a consistent feature.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Melanie-Anne A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Yasin A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Rhemtula
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.|Infectious Diseases Unit, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Colin N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Helen Joseph Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.|Infectious Diseases Unit, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Grobusch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D010976:Platelet Count; D012010:Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019259:Lamivudine