title: [Antifungal resistance: an emerging problem in Mexico].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in mycosis associated with therapeutic failure has been observed worldwide. The dearth of data in Mexico led us to study antifungal resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy six isolates of patients from the Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social were included: 36 with dermatophytoses and 40 with candidiasis. Dermatophytes were assesed using the E-test method and Candida spp. using the broth microdilution method. Antifungal drugs included itraconazole, ketoconazole and fluconazole for dermatophytes; in addition, voriconazole and amphotericin B were used to treat yeasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 36 dermatophytes, seven isolates (19.4%) showed resistance to one or more antifungal drugs: three to Trichophyton rubrum, three to T. mentagrophytes and one to T. tonsurans. One T. rubrum isolate was resistant to the three azoles; the other six isolates were resistant to fluconazole only. From the 40 Candida isolates, 11 (27.5%) showed resistance: seven to ketoconazole and itraconazole; three only to itraconazole and one to ketoconazole. One C. glabrata isolate showed resistance to the four azoles. None of the yeasts showed resistance to amphotericin B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic failure could be caused by drug resistance. In our study we found an antifungal resistance of 20% and 27.5% in dermatophytes and in yeasts respectively.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México D.F., México. angelesmg@liceaga.facmed.unam.mx
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manzano-Gayosso
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Méndez-Tovar
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Hernández
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003883:Arthrodermataceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents