title: Patients with cyclic vomiting pattern and diabetic gastropathy have more migraines, abnormal electrogastrograms, and gastric emptying.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some patients with diabetic gastroparesis exhibit cyclical symptoms. The purpose of this work was to study the subset of patients with cyclic vomiting characteristics, described as a cyclic vomiting pattern, in a population of patients with symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven patients with symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis were investigated. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or lack of cyclic symptoms, and stratified by demographics, medical history, hemoglobin A1C, total symptom score (TSS), standardized gastric emptying test (GET), and electrogastrography (EGG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these 67 patients, 38 (56%) had cyclic symptoms. The two groups were similar in age, gender, illness duration, insulin use, hemoglobin A1C values, and TSS. There were noteworthy differences regarding migraine headache (47.4% versus 20.7%, p=0.02), gastric emptying study (GES) at 1 h (84.1% versus 59.9%, p=0.02), EGG frequency (4.9 versus 3.6 cpm, p=0.05), and gastric emptying area under the curve (p=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A sizeable percentage of patients have cyclic symptom patterns and have a higher incidence of migraine headaches, a greater delay in gastric emptying, and more abnormal EGG frequencies than other patients with symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Division, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Abell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014839:Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology*