title: Interleukin 8 and 1beta and RANTES levels in esophageal mucosa predict recurrence of endoscopy-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopy-negative gastroesophageal reflux disease (ENRD), an incipient GERD phenotype without mucosal breaks, is a chronic relapsing condition with an impact on quality of life. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines play a role in the pathogenesis of various conditions including GERD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated the relationship between interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) and IL-1beta levels in esophageal mucosa and recurrence of the reflux symptom in 22 patients with ENRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on analysis using Cox's proportional hazard regression model, significantly positive association was observed between the mucosal levels of cytokines (IL-8 and -1beta and RANTES) and ENRD recurrence. Otherwise, parameters including age, gender, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol intake, hiatal hernia and Helicobacter pylori status were not significantly related to relapse of the symptom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced production of such cytokines as IL-8 and -1beta and RANTES in esophageal mucosa can be potential predictors for ENRD recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan. hajimei2002@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isomoto
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shikuwa
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000032:analysis*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8