title: A high concentration of resiniferatoxin inhibits ion channel function in clonal neuroendocrine cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a potent agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) found in peripheral nociceptors. RTX causes cellular excitation first, followed by a long-lasting refractory state, which has suggested its therapeutic use for pain control. RTX's effect could result from specific actions on TRPV1 channels, but might also arise from previously reported TRPV1-independent effects. We have tested whether exposure to RTX compromises ion channels in a TRPV1-independent manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clonal rat anterior pituitary (GH(3)) cells, loaded with the Ca(+2)-sensitive fluorescent dye (fluo-4), were stimulated with the Na(+) channel activator veratridine (VTD) or directly depolarized by 60 mM K(+) solution. The physiological effects of exposure to RTX were evaluated by stimulated increases of fluorescence from raised intracellular [Ca(2+)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of 10 microM RTX acutely reduced the median fluorescence changes by VTD and 60 mM K(+) to 45% and 50%, respectively (P = 0.018 and 0.043). Prolonged exposure (24 h) of cells to 10 microM RTX, followed by a 2 h washout, reduced the median fluorescence changes by VTD and 60 mM K(+) to 5.6% and 42% of control changes, respectively (P = 0.027 and 0.011). Cell responses to VTD partially recovered, to 42% of control, after incubation in RTX-free medium for 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTX at 10 microM directly and acutely inhibited voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels, in a TRPV1-independent manner. Prolonged exposure (24 h) to 10 microM RTX inhibited voltage-dependent Na(+) channels in addition to the Ca(2+) channels, in at least a partially reversible manner.
authors.affiliation: Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kissin
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strichartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D014701:Veratridine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004224:Diterpenes; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; D014701:Veratridine; D012964:Sodium; C024353:resiniferatoxin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D002211:Capsaicin; D002118:Calcium