title: Activity and regulation of glycoPEGylated factor VIIa analogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has proven to be a safe and effective drug for treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors. However, rFVIIa is cleared from the circulation relatively quickly. Protein modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can prolong the circulatory lifetime of proteins but it could also impair protein function by molecular shielding of the protein surface.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the interaction of glycoPEGylated rFVIIa - rFVIIa-10K PEG and rFVIIa-40K PEG - with tissue factor (TF), factor X (FX) and plasma inhibitors, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and antithrombin (AT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The amidolytic and FX activation assays were employed to investigate the interaction of glycoPEGylated rFVIIa with its macromolecular substrate and inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa analogs exhibited similar amidolytic activity as that of rFVIIa in the absence or the presence of relipidated TF. The analogs were as effective as rFVIIa in activating FX in the absence of TF. In the presence of TF, the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants, relative to rFVIIa, were slightly less effective at lower concentrations, but no significant differences were found among them in activating FX at saturating concentrations. Both AT/heparin and TFPI effectively inhibited the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa bound to relipidated TF or TF on stimulated endothelial cells. In contrast to their normal interaction with TF, the glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants appeared to interact poorly with phospholipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants retained their catalytic activity and interacted efficiently with TF, FX and the plasma inhibitors. Further work with appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems is needed to determine the feasibility of using glycoPEGylated rFVIIa to improve therapeutic options for bleeding disorders.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Pendurthi
authors.forename: L V M
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000991:Antithrombins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015942:Factor VIIa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D010743:Phospholipids; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013925:Thromboplastin; D015942:Factor VIIa