title: Type 2 diabetes significantly modulates the cardiovascular risk conferred by the PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism in angiographied coronary patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of the -675 4G/5G polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene with cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was performed in 672 consecutive Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Vascular events were recorded over 4 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In non-diabetic subjects (n=524), the homozygous PAI-1 4G4G genotype was significantly associated with significant coronary stenoses>or=50% (adjusted odds ratio (OR) OR=1.84 [1.17-2.92]; p=0.009); however, in T2DM patients (n=148) no such association was observed (OR=0.67 [0.26-1.71]; p=0.401). An interaction term T2DMx4G4G genotype was significant (p=0.006), indicating a significantly stronger association of the polymorphism with CAD in non-diabetic subjects than in patients with T2DM. Also prospectively, the 4G4G genotype conferred an increased risk of vascular events in non-diabetic subjects but not in T2DM patients (hazard ratios 1.76 [1.13-2.74]; p=0.014 and 0.68 [0.30-1.54]; p=0.360, respectively). Again, the interaction T2DMx4G4G genotype was significant (p=0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of T2DM significantly modulates the vascular risk conferred by the PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism in angiographied coronary patients.
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Saely
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muendlein
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vonbank
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sonderegger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aczel
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rein
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexel
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human