title: Polytene chromosomal maps of 11 Drosophila species: the order of genomic scaffolds inferred from genetic and physical maps.
abstract: The sequencing of the 12 genomes of members of the genus Drosophila was taken as an opportunity to reevaluate the genetic and physical maps for 11 of the species, in part to aid in the mapping of assembled scaffolds. Here, we present an overview of the importance of cytogenetic maps to Drosophila biology and to the concepts of chromosomal evolution. Physical and genetic markers were used to anchor the genome assembly scaffolds to the polytene chromosomal maps for each species. In addition, a computational approach was used to anchor smaller scaffolds on the basis of the analysis of syntenic blocks. We present the chromosomal map data from each of the 11 sequenced non-Drosophila melanogaster species as a series of sections. Each section reviews the history of the polytene chromosome maps for each species, presents the new polytene chromosome maps, and anchors the genomic scaffolds to the cytological maps using genetic and physical markers. The mapping data agree with Muller's idea that the majority of Drosophila genes are syntenic. Despite the conservation of genes within homologous chromosome arms across species, the karyotypes of these species have changed through the fusion of chromosomal arms followed by subsequent rearrangement events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. sws4@psu.edu
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: Arjun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhutkar
authors.forename: Bryant F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: McAllister
authors.forename: Muneo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Luciano M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Matzkin
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Vera L S
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguadé
authors.forename: Wyatt W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Ana C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartigan
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lapoint
authors.forename: Elena R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lozovsky
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Mohamed A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papaceit
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Tania T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Temple F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Strelets
authors.forename: Yoshiko N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Tobari
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomimura
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Kiyohito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Therese A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Markow
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gelbart
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D049750:Genome, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D007621:Karyotyping; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D026801:Synteny
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers