title: Time trends in incidence of myocardial infarction in male and female dominated occupations in Stockholm, Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate time trends in first acute myocardial infarction (MI) incidence in male and female dominated occupations in Stockholm during 1977-1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based case-control study, where all first events of acute MI among participants aged 40-69 in Stockholm 1977-1996 were identified, using registers of hospital discharges and deaths. Controls were selected randomly using national population registers. There were 16,531 male and 4382 female cases and 117,015 male and 102,083 female controls. In all, 222 female cases worked in male dominated occupations and 844 male cases worked in female dominated occupations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both women and men in male dominated occupations showed an elevated relative risk of first MI compared to other employees during the study period. Between 1985-1996, when there was a general decline in MI incidence in Sweden, women in male dominated occupations tended to show an increasing trend. Women in female dominated high and intermediate occupations had a lower relative risk of MI compared to other women in the same socioeconomic group. In male dominated and non-manual female dominated occupations a decline in the incidence of MI was seen during 1985-1996 in men but not in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Work in male dominated occupations appears to be associated with an increased risk of MI in both genders. There is a need to investigate possible work related or other factors that may be driving this elevated risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of International Health (IHCAR), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. piroska.ostlin@ki.se
authors.forename: Piroska
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostlin
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klerdal
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hammar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology