title: Disinfection potential of ozone, ultraviolet-C and their combination in wash water for the fresh-cut vegetable industry.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the disinfection efficacy of ozone (O(3)) and UV-C illumination (UV), and their combination (O(3)-UV) for reducing microbial flora of fresh-cut onion, escarole, carrot, and spinach wash waters collected from the industry. Furthermore, the influence of water physicochemical parameters on the decontamination efficacy and the effect of these technologies on physicochemical quality of wash water were analyzed. O(3), UV, and O(3)-UV were effective disinfection treatments on vegetable wash water, with a maximum microbial reduction of 6.6 log CFU mL(-1) after 60 min treatment with O(3)-UV. However, maximum total microbial reductions achieved by UV and O(3) treatments after 60 min were 4.0 and 5.9 log CFU mL(-1), lower than by O(3)-UV treatment. Furthermore, turbidity of wash water was reduced significantly by O(3) and O(3)-UV treatments, while UV treatment did not affect the physicochemical quality of the water. Conclusions derived from this study illustrate that O(3) and O(3)-UV are alternatives to other sanitizers used in the fresh-cut washing processes. The use of these technologies would allow less frequent changing of spent water and the use of much lower sanitizer doses. Nevertheless, in specific applications such as carrot wash water, where levels of undesirable microbial and chemical constituents are lower than other vegetable wash water, UV treatment could be an appropriate treatment considering cost-effectiveness criteria.
authors.affiliation: Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: María V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Selma
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allende
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: López-Gálvez
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Conesa
authors.forename: María I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gil
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005514:Food Irradiation / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D010126:Ozone