title: Breast-feeding and diabetes: long-term impact on mothers and their infants.
abstract: In the general population, breast-feeding is associated with a reduced risk of the offspring being overweight later in life by 22% to 24% across the age spectrum, from preschool children to adults. There is a dose-response gradient with increasing duration of breast-feeding, and lowest risk with prolonged, exclusive breast-feeding. Breast-feeding has been shown to slow infant growth up to 2 years of age. By contrast, the scientific evidence is inconclusive about whether breast-feeding protects against the onset of overweight and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes among offspring whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy. Moreover, evidence is insufficient to determine if lactation protects against development of type 2 diabetes later in life in women with a diabetes history during pregnancy. Given the paucity of the evidence and equivocal findings about the long-term effects of breast-feeding on future health of women with diabetes during pregnancy and their infants, further research is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Epidemiology and Prevention Section, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. epg@dor.kaiser.org
authors.forename: Erica P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gunderson
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000503:physiopathology*