title: Frequency and nature of rumination in chronic depression: a preliminary study.
abstract: This study explores the phenomenological experience of rumination in a sample of 22 chronically depressed people and looks at the extent to which it is consistent with theoretical ideas. The findings indicate that, on average, depressed people ruminate about at least two different topics, and that there is wide variability in how long each episode lasts. Rumination is a complex process frequently involving imagery as well as verbal thoughts and is almost invariably associated with multiple emotions. Although there was some evidence for stop rules being involved, most individuals attributed ending a period of rumination to distraction, whether external or internally generated.
authors.affiliation: University College London, London.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Brewin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCarron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003469:Culture; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D033182:Intention; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012649:Self Concept; D013850:Thinking