title: Effect of bamboo culm extract on oxidative stress and genetic expression: bamboo culm extract ameliorates cell adhesion molecule expression and NFkappaB activity through the suppression of the oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate whether bamboo culm extract (BCE) supplementation may ameliorate risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in plasma, livers of C57BL/6 mice fed high-cholesterol diet and calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells. Briefly, C57BL/6 mice were fed the high-cholesterol diet which was supplemented with 1% (w/w), or 3% (w/w) of BCE for 16 weeks. The concentration of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol level and atherogenic index were measured. Plasma TEAC value, hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl values and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), GSH reductase and catalase were determined. In addition, hepatic nuclear factor kappa B activities were detected. In the calf pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma cholesterol level was decreased, while HDL-cholesterol was increased, thus atherogenic index was lowered in BCE-supplemented animals. Plasma trolox equivalent and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl values were lowered significantly in BCE groups (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic antioxidative enzyme activities, such as Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P), GSH reductase, and catalase were elevated in mice fed BCE-supplemented diets (p<0.05). Nuclear factor kappa B activities of livers and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressions in CPAE cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were significantly lowered in BCE groups (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that BCE supplementation may modulate lipoprotein composition and attenuate oxidative stress by elevated antioxidative processes, thus suppressing inflammatory mediator activation as possible mechanism of its anti-atherogenic effect.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medical Research Center, Department of Diagnostics, Dongguk University, Sukjang-Dong 707, Kyung-Ju 780-714, Republic of Korea. Lene3234@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Min-Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won-Hwan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yong-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeong-Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Gap-Soon
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Moon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008055:Lipids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1