title: Biatrial anatomical reverse remodelling after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: evidence from real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reports using two-dimensional echocardiography have indicated that radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) results in a reduction in the left atrial (LA) size. Furthermore, the effect of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on right atrial (RA) anatomical remodelling has not been studied. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) allows us to more precisely quantify atrial volume. Our aim was to assess the effect of PVI on biatrial anatomical remodelling using real-time 3DE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively studied 91 patients (age 59 +/- 8 years, 79 males) referred for RFCA of paroxysmal (n = 79) or chronic (n = 19) AF. Left atrial and RA volumes were measured using real-time 3DE at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up. Data on AF recurrences were also collected. Left atrial volume was significantly reduced at follow-up when compared with baseline (51 +/- 16 vs. 60 +/- 21 mL, P < 0.001). The same occurred with RA volume (43 +/- 17 vs. 50 +/- 20 mL, P = 0.001). The reduction in the LA volume was more marked in patients with chronic than in those with paroxysmal AF (17 +/- 16 vs. 6 +/- 17 mL, P = 0.017). Patients with AF recurrence (23%) showed similar atrial volume reduction compared with those who were seemingly cured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional echocardiography shows evidence of biatrial anatomical reverse remodelling after RFCA for AF. A reduction in the atrial volume occurs despite recurrence of AF.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, University Hospital of Geneva, 24 Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Hajo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Pierre-Frédéric
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sigaud
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gentil
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.forename: Dipen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Haran
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burri
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling