title: Psychological mood state of opiate addicted women during pregnancy and postpartum in comparison to non-addicted healthy women.
abstract: Opiate addiction has been widely documented to have negative impact on pregnancy course and outcome. Unfavorable psychosocial situation of addicted women predispose for poor processing of the physiological and psychological demands of pregnancy. Thus aim of our study was to investigate the psychological mood state of opiate addicts during pregnancy and postpartum in comparison to healthy women. In a case-controlled, prospective, longitudinal study nine pregnant opiate addicts and nine healthy pregnant women matched by age, level of education and gestational age at birth were interviewed in the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. Standardized questionnaires and inventories for assessment of the general psychopathology and emotional state, the perceived self-efficacy expectancy, the psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy and the fear of delivery, respectively were applied. Addicted women achieved significantly higher scores in the test assessing general psychopathology and emotional state before delivery compared to abstinent women. Interestingly this difference was unverifiable postpartum. This study reaffirms the presumption of a disadvantageous psychological condition in pregnant opiate addicts in comparison to healthy pregnant women for the first time in a prospective case-control study design.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Clinic of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. Maki.Kashiwagi@insel.ch
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rechsteiner
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lauper
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ehlert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D036801:Parturition / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D003932:Heroin; D003042:Cocaine