title: Reducing added sugar intake in Norway by replacing sugar sweetened beverages with beverages containing intense sweeteners - a risk benefit assessment.
abstract: A risk benefit assessment in Norway on the intake of added sugar, intense sweeteners and benzoic acid from beverages, and the influence of changing from sugar sweetened to diet beverages was performed. National dietary surveys were used in the exposure assessment, and the content of added sugar and food additives were calculated based on actual contents used in beverages and sales volumes provided by the manufactures. The daily intake of sugar, intense sweeteners and benzoic acid were estimated for children (1- to 13-years-old) and adults according to the current intake level and a substitution scenario where it was assumed that all consumed beverages contained intense sweeteners. The change from sugar sweetened to diet beverages reduced the total intake of added sugar for all age groups but especially for adolescent. This change did not result in intake of intense sweeteners from beverages above the respective ADIs. However, the intake of acesulfame K approached ADI for small children and the total intake of benzoic acid was increased to above ADI for most age groups. The highest intake of benzoic acid was observed for 1- to 2-year-old children, and benzoic acid intake in Norwegian children is therefore considered to be of special concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. trine.husoy@fhi.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Husøy
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mangschou
authors.forename: T Ø
authors.initials: TØ
authors.lastname: Fotland
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kolset
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nøtvik Jakobsen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tømmerberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergsten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frost Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001218:Aspartame / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013843:Thiazines; D019817:Benzoic Acid; C006362:acetosulfame; D001218:Aspartame