Polytene chromosomal maps of 11 Drosophila species: the order of genomic scaffolds inferred from genetic and physical maps.
The sequencing of the 12 genomes of members of the genus Drosophila was taken as an opportunity to reevaluate the genetic and physical maps for 11 of the species, in part to aid in the mapping of assembled scaffolds. Here, we present an overview of the importance of cytogenetic maps to Drosophila biology and to the concepts of chromosomal evolution. Physical and genetic markers were used to anchor the genome assembly scaffolds to the polytene chromosomal maps for each species. In addition, a computational approach was used to anchor smaller scaffolds on the basis of the analysis of syntenic blocks. We present the chromosomal map data from each of the 11 sequenced non-Drosophila melanogaster species as a series of sections. Each section reviews the history of the polytene chromosome maps for each species, presents the new polytene chromosome maps, and anchors the genomic scaffolds to the cytological maps using genetic and physical markers. The mapping data agree with Muller's idea that the majority of Drosophila genes are syntenic. Despite the conservation of genes within homologous chromosome arms across species, the karyotypes of these species have changed through the fusion of chromosomal arms followed by subsequent rearrangement events.
Schaeffer
Stephen W
SW
Department of Biology and Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. sws4@psu.edu
Bhutkar
Arjun
A
McAllister
Bryant F
BF
Matsuda
Muneo
M
Matzkin
Luciano M
LM
O'Grady
Patrick M
PM
Rohde
Claudia
C
Valente
Vera L S
VL
Aguadé
Montserrat
M
Anderson
Wyatt W
WW
Edwards
Kevin
K
Garcia
Ana C L
AC
Goodman
Josh
J
Hartigan
James
J
Kataoka
Eiko
E
Lapoint
Richard T
RT
Lozovsky
Elena R
ER
Machado
Carlos A
CA
Noor
Mohamed A F
MA
Papaceit
Montserrat
M
Reed
Laura K
LK
Richards
Stephen
S
Rieger
Tania T
TT
Russo
Susan M
SM
Sato
Hajime
H
Segarra
Carmen
C
Smith
Douglas R
DR
Smith
Temple F
TF
Strelets
Victor
V
Tobari
Yoshiko N
YN
Tomimura
Yoshihiko
Y
Wasserman
Marvin
M
Watts
Thomas
T
Wilson
Robert
R
Yoshida
Kiyohito
K
Markow
Therese A
TA
Gelbart
William M
WM
Kaufman
Thomas C
TC
D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D049750:Genome, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D007621:Karyotyping; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D026801:Synteny
D005819:Genetic Markers