title: Posterior urethral injury in male children: long-term follow up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Owing to the immature pelvis and the relative intra-abdominal position of the child's bladder, children with a posterior urethral injury differ from adults. We report our experience in the management of such injuries in male children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with suspected urethral injury underwent retrograde urethrography once their clinical condition was stable. Children with complete urethral injury underwent primary urethral realignment either endoscopically or by open surgical technique. Suprapubic cystostomy was performed in other children who were unfit to undergo primary realignment or in whom the management of other injuries took precedence over that of urethral injury. Children referred from elsewhere for further management of urethral injury and those with initial suprapubic cystostomy underwent delayed urethroplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two children with mean age of 11.3 years were treated at our centre for urethral injury. Seven children underwent primary endoscopic urethral realignment, five open surgical realignment and 10 initial suprapubic cystostomy followed by delayed urethroplasty. Six of the 12 children undergoing primary urethral realignment required additional endoscopic urethrotomy for managing the stricture, and three of these six children eventually underwent urethroplasty. Of the 10 children undergoing delayed urethroplasty, three required additional sessions of endoscopic urethrotomy and two of these required further correction graft urethroplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most male children with posterior urethral injuries need immediate realignment to prevent long-term complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, KLES Kidney Foundation, Nehrunagar, Belgaum 590010, India.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nerli
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Koura
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ravish
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Amarkhed
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prabha
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Alur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010388:Pelvis / Q000293:injuries; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011627:Puberty; D014521:Urethra / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male