title: Histopathological assessment of prostate cancer bone osteoblastic metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many patients with prostate cancer have bone metastases that appear osteoblastic on radiography, and yet these patients are at increased risk for fracture. The discrepancy between the radiological and clinical aspects of those events is not well understood. We better characterized the histopathology of bone processes in prostate cancer bone metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Histomorphometry was used to evaluate multisite bone biopsies in 12 patients who died with multiple bone metastases, of whom 7 had received bisphosphonate therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone histomorphometry revealed a wide spectrum of cancer induced bone changes in different metastatic sites in individual patients, ranging from a pronounced osteodense to a pronounced osteopenic type. Each metastatic lesion was associated with various amounts of resorption. Decreased bone volume was seen in half of all biopsies. Osteodense lesions were largely composed of under mineralized woven bone, which increases the frailty of new bone. Interestingly woven bone was produced by alkaline phosphatase spindle-shaped cells arising from the connective stroma surrounding tumor cells. The bone response generally was similar in bisphosphonate treated patients and those who did not receive bisphosphonate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the osteoblastic nature of bone metastases in prostate cancer, the osteolytic-osteopenic bone lesions found in each clinically osteoblastic case may explain the frequent fractures observed in these cases. In addition, the finding that woven bone formed directly from the tumor stroma and not from the adjacent bone surface supports further research into the mechanisms of abnormal bone formation in prostate cancer bone metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Washington and Research Service, Seattle, Washington, USA. mroudier@amgen.com
authors.forename: Martine P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Roudier
authors.forename: Colm
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: True
authors.forename: Celestia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vessella
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ott
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001344:Autopsy; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010784:Photomicrography; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates