title: Meta-analysis: Combination endoscopic and drug therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combining endoscopic therapy and beta-blockers may improve outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether a combination of endoscopic and drug therapy prevents overall and variceal rebleeding and improves survival better than either therapy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and conference proceedings through 30 December 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trials comparing endoscopic plus beta-blocker therapy with either therapy alone, without language restrictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently extracted data on interventions and the primary study outcomes of overall rebleeding and mortality. Metaregression and stratified analysis were used to explore heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  23 trials (1860 patients) met inclusion criteria. Combination therapy reduced overall rebleeding more than endoscopic therapy alone (pooled relative risk, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89]; I(2) = 61%) or beta-blocker therapy alone (pooled relative risk, 0.71 [CI, 0.59 to 0.86]; I(2) = 0%). Combination therapy also reduced variceal rebleeding and variceal recurrence. Reduction in mortality from combination therapy did not statistically significantly differ from that from endoscopic (Peto odds ratio, 0.78 [CI, 0.58 to 1.07) or drug therapy (Peto odds ratio, 0.70 [CI, 0.46 to 1.06]). Effects were independent of the endoscopic procedure (injection sclerotherapy or banding). No trial-level variable associated with the effect was identified through metaregression or stratified analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistically significant heterogeneity in trial quality and evidence for selective reporting and publication bias were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of endoscopic and drug therapy reduces overall and variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis more than either therapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gomez-Camarero
authors.forename: Luis-Miguel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Molinero
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bañares
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albillos
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D017594:Publication Bias; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists