title: Availability of oral swab sample for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gene from the cattle persistently infected with BVDV.
abstract: Bovine nasal and oral discharges were used as samples for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) gene detection. Viral genes in serum (S), nasal discharge (N) and oral discharge (O) were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green by the relative quantification method, and findings were compared among samples. Although the quantity of the BVDV gene in S was greater than those in N and O, all samples were available to identify persistently infected (PI) cattle with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The swab samples were able to be stored for a few days at 4 degrees C with a little decrease of amplification signal in RT-PCR. Oral swab sampling was easier than nasal swab sampling, and was also less uncomfortable for the cattle than other sampling methods without pain or unnecessary retention. This sampling method can be performed without any special technique and equipment. Therefore, the oral swab sampling method is useful for screening to detect BVDV PI cattle by RT-PCR.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan. motoshi@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Motoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohsaki
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazawa
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yasutomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009055:Mouth / Q000821:virology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000821:virology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity