title: Integrating research and action: a systematic review of community-based participatory research to address health disparities in environmental and occupational health in the USA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Integrating research and action represents a goal and key principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), but there has been little effort to synthesise the literature to evaluate whether such integration is occurring.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To examine the extent to which CBPR integrates action to effect community-level change and (2) to ascertain factors that facilitate such integration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Original articles reporting on CBPR in environmental and occupational health in the USA were identified primarily through a MEDLINE search. Inceptions, processes, methods and outcomes of the projects were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 14 of the 20 studies reviewed, CBPR led to community-level action to improve the health and well-being of the community members. Observational studies that investigated problems posed by the affected community and that incorporated qualitative methods were more likely to lead to action. The collaboration among government scientists, university researchers and community partners emerged as a new model of CBPR partnerships that effectively integrates research and action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To help CBPR better integrate research and action, a shift towards community-initiated and action-oriented observational studies might be needed.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, University of California, Berkeley, 6475 Christie Avenue, Suite 400, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA. wkcook@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods; D018672:Community Health Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003256:Community Participation / Q000379:methods*; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health; D012107:Research Design; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States