title: Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induces apoptosis or autophagy-associated cell death in chondrosarcoma cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since chondrosarcoma has a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, surgical resection is currently the only effective treatment. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor exert anticancer effects, but have not been tested in chondrosarcoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the phenotypic change in chondrosarcoma cells treated with SAHA by cell viability assay, Western blot, flow cytometric analysis and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAHA inhibited the growth of chondrosarcoma cell lines and induced apoptosis in SW1353 with a cleaved-PARP expression and sub-G1 fragmentation according to flow cytometric analysis. On the other hand, in RCS and OUMS-27, SAHA induced autophagy-associated cell death as shown by the detection of autophagosome-specific protein and specific ultrastructural morphology in the cytoplasm. In addition, SAHA significantly inhibited tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SAHA might be a promising agent for performing clinically useful chemotherapy against chondrosarcomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Riku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakimura
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasaki
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakabeppu
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D051381:Rats; D000077337:Vorinostat; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C025946:3-methyladenine; D000077337:Vorinostat; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D000225:Adenine