title: Physiologic response to varying levels of pressure support and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients with acute respiratory failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a new mode wherein the assistance is provided in proportion to diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi). We assessed the physiologic response to varying levels of NAVA and pressure support ventilation (PSV).
  
  
  METHODS
  ICU of a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen intubated and mechanically ventilated patients. DESIGN AND PROTOCOL: Cross-over, prospective, randomized controlled trial. PSV was set to obtain a VT/kg of 6-8 ml/kg with an active inspiration. NAVA was matched with a dedicated software. The assistance was decreased and increased by 50% with both modes. The six assist levels were randomly applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arterial blood gases (ABGs), tidal volume (VT/kg), peak EAdi, airway pressure (Paw), neural and flow-based timing. Asynchrony was calculated using the asynchrony index (AI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in ABGs regardless of mode and assist level. The differences in breathing pattern, ventilator assistance, and respiratory drive and timing between PSV and NAVA were overall small at the two lower assist levels. At the highest assist level, however, we found greater VT/kg (9.1 +/- 2.2 vs. 7.1 +/- 2 ml/kg, P < 0.001), and lower breathing frequency (12 +/- 6 vs. 18 +/- 8.2, P < 0.001) and peak EAdi (8.6 +/- 10.5 vs. 12.3 +/- 9.0, P < 0.002) in PSV than in NAVA; we found mismatch between neural and flow-based timing in PSV, but not in NAVA. AI exceeded 10% in five (36%) and no (0%) patients with PSV and NAVA, respectively (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to PSV, NAVA averted the risk of over-assistance, avoided patient-ventilator asynchrony, and improved patient-ventilator interaction.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, SCDU Anestesia, Terapia Intensiva e Rianimazione Generale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Gianmaria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Lucia
authors.forename: Francesco Della
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navalesi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009424:Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome