title: Entirely laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma: lymph node yield and resection margins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma has been widely reported from Japan and Korea but there are sparse data for Western patients. This study aimed to describe and compare the perioperative outcomes and pathological staging for consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic or open gastrectomy by a single surgeon in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period from April 2005 to May, 2007, patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were selected for open or laparoscopic resection at the discretion of the surgeon. Gastric resections for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) or benign disease were excluded. Laparoscopic gastrectomy was performed entirely laparoscopically with intracorporeal anastomosis, followed by specimen retrieval via a suprapubic incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 21 men and 8 women, median age 75 years (range 45-88 years), with American Anaesthesiology Association scores of 3 or 4 in 19 patients. Gastrectomy was performed laparoscopically in 18 patients (62%; total gastrectomy, 6 patients) or open in 11 patients (total gastrectomy, 7). Five laparoscopic gastrectomies were converted to open procedures, three patients had re-laparoscopy and one patient had subsequent laparotomy. As compared with open gastrectomy, laparoscopic resection had longer operation time and similar length of hospital stay. There was one postoperative mortality in each group. There was similar lymph node retrieval for laparoscopic or open resection [23 (range 10-44) versus 26 (8-95), respectively; p = 0.40], with inadequate lymphadenectomy (<15 nodes) in two laparoscopic cases and one open case. R1 resection was limited to patients with pT3 disease (laparoscopic, 4; open, 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative outcomes were similar for laparoscopic or open gastrectomy. Lymphadenectomy was adequate in 89% of laparoscopic gastrectomies. pT3 tumours were at risk of noncurative resection, as described in large Western series of open gastrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Upper Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Leeds, UK. a.sarela@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Abeezar I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sarela
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome