title: Robotic suturing: technique and benefit in advanced laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: Suturing is one of the main tasks in advanced laparoscopic surgery, but limited degrees of freedom, 2D vision, fulcrum and pivoting effect make it difficult to perform. Robotic systems provide corresponding solutions as three-dimensional (3D) view, intuitive motion and additional degrees of freedom. This review evaluates these benefits for their impact on suturing in experimental and clinical studies. The Medline database was searched for "robot*, telemanipulat* and laparoscop*". A total of 1150 references were found and further limited to "suturing" for experimental evaluation, finding 89 references. All references were considered for information on robotic suturing in advanced laparoscopy. Further references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliography cited in each work. In experimental studies current robotic systems have proven their superior suturing capabilities compared to conventional laparoscopic techniques, mainly attributed to 3D visualization and full seven degrees of freedom. In clinical studies these benefits have not yet been sufficiently reproduced. Robotic systems have to prove the benefits shown in experimental studies for suturing tasks in clinical applications. Robotic devices shorten the learning curve of laparoscopic procedures. Further clinical trials focusing on anastomosis time are needed to assess this question.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannes G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kenngott
authors.forename: Beat P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Muller-Stich
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rassweiler
authors.forename: Carsten N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Gutt
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013536:Suture Techniques