title: Carpal tunnel syndrome: ultrasound, neurophysiology, clinical and patient-oriented assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is twofold. First, to assess the relationships between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN) calculated at ultrasound (US) and: (1) patient's perception of his/her symptoms and hand function; (2) clinical severity of CTS; (3) neurophysiological classification; (4) hand distribution of symptoms. Second, to assess the sensitivity of ultrasonography (US) and neurophysiology in the diagnosis of CTS using clinical measures as gold standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study by using multidimensional assessment: clinical (Historic and Objective scale, Hi-Ob), neurophysiological, patient-oriented measures (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, BCTQ) and high-resolution US. The dominant hands of 54 consecutive patients who were referred to our neurophysiologic laboratory with clinical signs of CTS (43 females, mean age 53.3, range 30-80, SD: 13.1) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant correlation was found between the CSA of the MN at wrist and (1) hand function (according to BCTQ, r=0.35, p=0.01), (2) clinical scale (Hi-Ob scale, r=0.51, p<0.00007), (3) neurophysiologic classification (r=0.80, p<0.0000001), and (4) hand distribution of symptoms (p=0.017). Neurophysiology showed higher sensitivity than US but in one of 3 cases with normal neurophysiological results, US showed data suggestive of CTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive correlation exists between US findings and all the conventional measures of CTS severity. The sensitivity of the combination of US and neurophysiology is higher than the sensitivity of neurophysiology or US alone. US is a useful complementary tool for CTS assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information on the contribution of US in CTS and the interpretation of severity measurements in CTS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. lpadua@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padua
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pazzaglia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caliandro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foschini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009482:Neurophysiology; D010808:Physical Examination; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D014953:Wrist / Q000294:innervation