title: Fusiform function in children with an autism spectrum disorder is a matter of "who".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the importance of face processing for normal social development, no functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of face processing in autism have focused exclusively on the childhood years. To fill this gap, 45 children aged 6-12 participated in practice scans. After exclusion due to motion, 11 children with an ASD and 11 age-matched normal control subjects were included in final analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimuli consisted of pictures of a familiar adult, familiar child, stranger adult, stranger child, and objects. During the scan, children pressed a button in response to an identical face shown on two consecutive trials. On the basis of our prior research, masks of four anatomic regions of interest (ROIs) including the fusiform gyrus, amygdala, and anterior and posterior cingulate were created for each subject and manually edited for anatomic precision. Following deconvolution analyses, the number of voxels significantly active and percent signal change values that fell within each ROI mask were calculated for each subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed normal fusiform activity in children with autism when viewing a face of their mother or other children. In contrast, looking at stranger adult faces initiated profound deficits in that the mean number of significantly active voxels in the fusiform bilaterally was approximately 25% of that shown in typically developing children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A selective fusiform deficit in response only to the faces of adult strangers may be the result of reduced attention and interest during those conditions. Face processing abnormalities found in autism beyond the fusiform likely exist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, USA. kpierce@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Redcay
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D012938:Social Perception; D014796:Visual Perception