title: Urinary water-soluble vitamins and their metabolite contents as nutritional markers for evaluating vitamin intakes in young Japanese women.
abstract: Little information is available to estimate water-soluble vitamin intakes from urinary vitamins and their metabolite contents as possible nutritional markers. Determination of the relationships between the oral dose and urinary excretion of water-soluble vitamins in human subjects contributes to finding valid nutrition markers of water-soluble vitamin intakes. Six female Japanese college students were given a standard Japanese diet in the first week, the same diet with a synthesized water-soluble vitamin mixture as a diet with approximately onefold vitamin mixture based on Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for Japanese in the second week, with a threefold vitamin mixture in the third week, and a sixfold mixture in the fourth week. Water-soluble vitamins and their metabolites were measured in the 24-h urine collected each week. All urinary vitamins and their metabolite levels except vitamin B(12) increased linearly in a dose-dependent manner, and highly correlated with vitamin intake (r=0.959 for vitamin B(1), r=0.927 for vitamin B(2), r=0.965 for vitamin B(6), r=0.957 for niacin, r=0.934 for pantothenic acid, r=0.907 for folic acid, r=0.962 for biotin, and r=0.952 for vitamin C). These results suggest that measuring urinary water-soluble vitamins and their metabolite levels can be used as good nutritional markers for assessing vitamin intakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan. fukkie@shc.usp.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuwatari
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013334:Students; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014815:Vitamins; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D001205:Ascorbic Acid