title: The relationships between lost work time and duration of absence spells: proposal for a payroll driven measure of absenteeism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a standard measure of absenteeism (the work lost rate [WLR]) be included in future research to facilitate understanding and allow for translation of findings between scientific disciplines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hourly payroll data derived from "punch clock" reports was used to compare various measures of absenteeism used in the literature and the application of the proposed metric (N = 4000 workers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unpaid hours and full absent days were highly correlated with the WLR (r = 0.896 to 0.898). The highest percentage of unpaid hours (lost work time) is captured by absence spells of 1 and 2 days duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed WLR metric captures: 1) The range and distribution of the individual WLRs, 2) the percentage of subjects with no unpaid hours, and 3) the population WLR and should be included whenever payroll data is used to measure absenteeism.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. james.j.hill@yale.edu
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vegso
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiellin
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data