title: Immune-expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in recurrent aphthous ulceration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, abnormal cellular immune response has been considered responsible for the oral lesion in the recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). For reasons not yet defined, antigens of the oral microbiota would trigger abnormal Th1 immune response against epithelial cells. On the other hand, studies have demonstrated that heat shock proteins (HSP) can block the production of proinflammatory cytokine through inhibition of NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways or activate anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore control the magnitude of the immune response. HSP27 has been considered a powerful inductor of IL-10, a major inhibitor of Th1 response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression and location of HSP27 and IL-10 in ulcerated lesions clinically diagnosed as RAU (n = 27) and to compare it with that of oral clinically normal mucosa (CT; n = 6) and of other inflammatory chronic diseases such as oral fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH; n = 18), Crohn's disease (CD; n = 10) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A lower proportion of HSP27-positive epithelial cells in RAU and CD were observed when compared with CT and FIH (P < 0.001**; P = 0.013**). A lower proportion of IL-10-positive interstitial cells in RAU was observed when compared with FIH, UC, CT and CD (P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P = 0.034*).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether the data suggest that a reduced cellular expression of HSP27 and IL-10 in RAU might be related with the aetiopathogenesis of the ulcerated oral lesions.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ricardo Carneiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Borra
authors.forename: Marilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Luc Louis Maurice
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Weckx
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franco
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000276:immunology; D005355:Fibrosis; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004396:Coloring Agents; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10