title: Giant cell arteritis: heterogeneity in clinical presentation and imaging results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is commonly known for its clinical presentation of temporal arteritis. However, GCA affects large arteries, predominantly the aorta and its proximal branches, in up to 75% of cases. We describe the clinical presentation and diagnostic test results of patients with large-vessel GCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case description of 11 patients with large-vessel GCA diagnosed consecutively in our hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical presentation of large-vessel GCA is highly variable, from systemic inflammation to aortic rupture. Imaging shows variable abnormalities, but 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission-tomography (18-FDG PET) seems to be a sensitive and reasonably specific diagnostic test for large-vessel GCA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large-vessel GCA is a clinically heterogeneous condition. 18-FDG PET should be considered in the diagnostic work-up of suspected cases. Since this disorder has a high complication rate, and is responsive to treatment with corticosteroids, a high level of clinical suspicion is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Emile H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Comans
authors.forename: Alexandre E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Voskuyl
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wisselink
authors.forename: Yvo M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Smulders
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged