The proteasome and its role in the degradation of oxidized proteins.
The generation of free radicals and the resulting oxidative modification of cell structures are omnipresent in mammalian cells. This includes the permanent oxidation of proteins leading to the disruption of the protein structure and an impaired functionality. In consequence, these oxidized proteins have to be removed in order to prevent serious metabolic disturbances. The most important cellular proteolytic system responsible for the removal of oxidized proteins is the proteasomal system. For normal functioning, the proteasomal system needs the coordinated interaction of numerous components. This review describes the fundamental functions of the 20S "core" proteasome, its regulators, and the roles of the proteasomal system beyond the removal of oxidized proteins in mammalian cells.
Jung
Tobias
T
Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, Biofunctionality and Food Safety (140f), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Grune
Tilman
T
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
D000975:Antioxidants; D001897:Boronic Acids; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D011719:Pyrazines; D025801:Ubiquitin; D000069286:Bortezomib; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex