title: P55 tumour necrosis factor receptor in bone marrow-derived cells promotes atherosclerosis development in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine with a clear pathogenic role in many chronic inflammatory diseases, and p55 TNF receptor (TNFR) mediates the majority of TNF responses. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of p55 TNFR expression in bone marrow-derived cells, in atherosclerotic lesion development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irradiated low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out mice were reconstituted with either p55 TNFR knock-out or control haematopoietic stem cells to generate chimeras deficient or wild-type for p55 TNFR specifically in bone marrow-derived cells, including macrophages. Upon high fat feeding, p55 TNFR knock-out transplanted mice developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions. These lesions were characterized by the presence of smaller foam cells and a reduced macrophage foam cell area. They did not differ in other compositional characteristics as determined by quantification of inflammatory T-cell and neutrophil influx, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and collagen content. In vitro studies confirmed a significant defect in modified lipoprotein endocytosis by p55 TNFR knock-out macrophages due to reduced scavenger receptor class A expression. Interestingly, plasma cytokine/chemokine profile analysis indicated that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels, a major chemokine involved in atherogenesis, were consistently and significantly lower in p55 TNFR knock-out transplanted mice compared with controls, before and after high fat feeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p55 TNFR expression in bone marrow-derived cells contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by enhancing lesional foam cell formation and by promoting the expression of pro-atherosclerotic chemokines such as MCP-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, UNS 50/11, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands. s.xanthoulea@gen.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xanthoulea
authors.forename: Marion J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gijbels
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van der Made
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mujcic
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.forename: Monique N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Vergouwe
authors.forename: Matheus H C
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ambagts
authors.forename: Marten H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hofker
authors.forename: Menno P J
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Winther
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004705:Endocytosis; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D051117:Scavenger Receptors, Class A; C506236:Tnfrsf1a protein, mouse