title: Direct determination of the estrogenic compounds 8-prenylnaringenin, zearalenone, alpha- and beta-zearalenol in beer by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A novel LC-ESI-MS method for the simultaneous determination of four of the most significant estrogenic compounds naturally occurring in beer, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), zearalenone (ZON), alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZOL) and beta-zearalenol (beta-ZOL) which requires minimal sample preparation was developed using a chemometric approach. Experimental design was applied to assess the effects of the LC-ESI-MS parameters (mobile phase flow rate, drying gas flow, nebuliser pressure and capillary potential) on the obtained signal and to optimize the values in order to provide maximum sensitivity and detectability. The proposed method is simple, consisting only of degassing the beer and diluting with water (1:1, v/v) before injection. Comparison between the two internal standards used, zearalanone (ZAN) and 4,2'-dihydroxychalcone (4,2'-DHC), showed that ZAN performs better as internal standard not only for the mycotoxins but for 8-PN as well, giving lower % RSDs. Under inter-day conditions mean recoveries were 107% for ZON, 87.8% for alpha-ZOL, 72.8% for beta-ZOL, and 77.5% for 8-PN. The corresponding % RSDs ranged between 5.0 and 8.0. The method limits of detection were 1.3, 1.4, 1.0 and 0.8 ng mL(-1) for ZON, alpha-ZOL, beta-ZOL and 8-PN, respectively. The method was applied to 15 beer samples obtained from local supermarkets and the concentration of the phytoestrogen 8-PN in beer ranged between <0.8 and 38.6 ng mL(-1), while neither ZON nor its metabolites, alpha-ZOL and beta-ZOL, were detected.
authors.affiliation: Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Niki C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Maragou
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Nikolaos S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Thomaidis
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koupparis
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D044950:Flavanones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D015029:Zeranol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C119737:8-prenylnaringenin; D004967:Estrogens; D044950:Flavanones; C029659:zearalenol; D015025:Zearalenone; D015029:Zeranol