title: Congenic method in the chick limb buds by electroporation.
abstract: Electroporation is a powerful tool with which to study limb development. Limb development, however, remains an intricate series of events, requiring the precise dissection of developmental processes using relevant transgenes. In this review, we describe the anatomy of the limb field as the basis of targeted electroporation, and specific expression vectors are discussed. We share a useful protocol for electroporation of chick limb buds, and the expression pattern of enhanced green fluorescent protein in the limb buds is used to demonstrate relevant embryonic patterning. Finally, useful trouble-shooting techniques are described.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. taka@idac.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D015509:Developmental Biology / Q000379:methods*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000378:metabolism*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004247:DNA; D014414:Tungsten