title: Effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae).
abstract: The insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, a formulation that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) at three temperature levels (20, 25, and 30 degrees C) and four commodities (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; rice, Oryza sativa L.; and maize, Zea mays L.). For this purpose, quantities of the above-mentioned grains were treated with spinosad at two dose rates (20 and 50 ppm of the formulation, corresponding to 0.025 and 0.06 ppm AI, respectively), and mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7 and 14 d, whereas progeny production was assessed 65 d later. Generally, for both species, mortality increased with dose, exposure interval, and temperature. For S. oryzae, adult survival and progeny production were lower on wheat than the other grains. After 14 d of exposure, mortality of S. oryzae adults on wheat treated with 50 ppm ranged between 61 and 98%, whereas in the other three commodities it did not exceed 42%. Mortality of R. dominica after 14 d on grains treated 50 ppm ranged between 91 and 100%. For this species, progeny production from exposed parental adults was low in all commodities regardless of temperature. Results indicate that spinosad dust can be used as an alternative to traditional grain protectants, but its effectiveness is highly determined by the target species, commodity, dose, and temperature.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
authors.forename: Nickolas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kavallieratos
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chintzoglou
authors.forename: Gerassimos G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Peteinatos
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boukouvala
authors.forename: Stamatina S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Petrou
authors.forename: Emmanouel C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Panoussakis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D004391:Dust; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000469:parasitology*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000469:parasitology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000469:parasitology*; D013696:Temperature; D014908:Triticum / Q000469:parasitology; D048889:Weevils / Q000187:drug effects*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D007306:Insecticides