title: Abrogation of mitochondrial transcription in smooth muscle cells impairs smooth muscle contractility and vascular tone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smooth muscle cells (SMC) constitute the major contractile cell population of blood vessels and inner organs. SMC contraction depends on energy provided by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) catabolism, which can be generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria or by anaerobic glycolysis. Mitochondrial activity may also modulate smooth muscle tone by biotransformation of vasoactive mediators. Here, we study the role of mitochondrial DNA gene expression for vascular function in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since loss of functional mitochondria in SMC may not be compatible with normal development, we generated mice with inducible SMC-specific abrogation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). Deletion of this gene leads to dysfunctional mitochondria and prevents aerobic ATP production in affected cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Invasive blood pressure monitoring in live animals demonstrated that SMC specific Tfam deletion results in lower blood pressure and a defective blood-pressure response to stress, changes that were not compensated by increased heart rate. The contractility to agonists was reduced in arterial and gastric fundus strips from Tfam-deficient mice. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of arterial strips in response to ACh was also blunted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that mitochondrial function is needed for normal gastric contraction, vascular tone, and maintenance of normal blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jawien
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sheikine
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Edholm
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feil
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*