title: Extracellular regulation of developmental cell signaling by XtSulf1.
abstract: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are synthesised and modified in the Golgi before they are presented at the cell surface. Modifications include the addition of sulfate groups at specific positions on sugar residues along the heparan sulfate (HS) chain which results in a structural heterogeneity that underpins the ability of HSPGs to bind with high affinity to many different proteins, including growth factors and their receptors. Sulf1 codes for a 6-0-endosulfatase that is present and active extracellularly, providing a further mechanism to generate structural diversity through the post-synthetic remodelling of HS. Here we use Xenopus embryos to demonstrate in vivo that Xtsulf1 plays an important role in modulating cell signaling during development. We show that while XtSulf1 can enhance the axis-inducing activity of Wnt11, XtSulf1 acts during embryogenesis to restrict BMP and FGF signaling.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Emily C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Guiral
authors.forename: Alexandra D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Holme
authors.forename: Jeremy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pownall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D013429:Sulfatases; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins