title: Cost-effectiveness of abatacept in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cost-effectiveness of abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists (anti-TNF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a simulation model to depict progression of disability [in terms of Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI)] in women aged 55-64 years with moderately to severely active RA and inadequate response to anti-TNF. At model entry, patients were assumed to receive either oral disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) only or oral DMARD plus abatacept. Patients were then tracked from model entry until death. Future health-state utilities and medical-care costs (except study therapy) were estimated based on predicted values of the HAQ-DI. The model was estimated using data from a Phase III clinical trial of abatacept plus secondary sources. Cost-effectiveness was expressed in terms of incremental cost (2006 US$) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained alternatively over 10 years and a lifetime. Future costs and health effects were discounted at 3% annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 10 years, abatacept would yield 1.0 additional QALY (undiscounted) per patient (4.0 vs 3.0 for oral DMARD) at an incremental (discounted) cost of $45,497 (100,648 vs $55,151) respectively; over a lifetime, corresponding figures were 1.6 QALY (5.8 vs 4.2) and $64,978 ($140,714 vs $82,489). Cost-effectiveness was [mean (95% CI)] $50,576 ($47,056, $54,944) per QALY gained over 10 years, and $45,979 ($42,678, $49,932) per QALY gained over a lifetime. Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abatacept is cost-effective by current standards of medical practice in patients with moderately to severely active RA and inadequate response to an anti-TNF.
authors.affiliation: From Policy Analysis Inc., Brookline, MA 02445, USA.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vera-Llonch
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massarotti
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shadick
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Westhovens
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sofrygin
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maclean
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oster
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000191:economics*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D011788:Quality of Life; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069594:Abatacept