title: Does the varied use of NSAIDs explain the differences in the risk of myocardial infarction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) with diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen, taking into account the exposure patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study using the General Practice Research Database. Setting. UK primary care. Subjects. Patients aged 40+ years prescribed a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The control cohort was frequency matched by disease risk score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational comparisons of MI rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 729,294 NSAID users and 443,047 controls. The relative rate (RR) for MI increased with cumulative and daily dose (RR = 1.05 with 0-4 prior prescriptions and RR = 1.49 with 30+; RR = 1.05 with daily dose of < 1200 mg ibuprofen and RR = 1.96 with dose of > or = 2400 mg per day; for diclofenac, the RR was 1.13 with < 150 mg per day and 2.03 with > or = 300 mg per day). Diclofenac users had higher risks of MI (RR = 1.21) than ibuprofen (RR = 1.04) or naproxen (RR = 1.03) users, but exposure varied between these drugs. Taking into account these exposure differences, it was found that the risk of MI was comparable in current and past long-term users. The patterns of hazard rates (i.e. absolute risks) of MI were similar in patients using ibuprofen, diclofenac or naproxen with similar history of NSAID use. There was no statistical difference between ibuprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen in the linear trends for cumulative dose or daily dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term users of traditional NSAIDs have an increased risk of MI that is probably explained by the underlying disease severity. Most of the differences in MI risk between diclofenac, ibuprofen or naproxen may be explained by their varied use.
authors.affiliation: General Practice Research Database, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK. Tjeerd.vanstaa@GPRD.com
authors.forename: T-P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: van Staa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rietbrock
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Setakis
authors.forename: H G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004008:Diclofenac; D009288:Naproxen; D007052:Ibuprofen