title: Untreated hypertension and the emergency department: a chance to intervene?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Untreated hypertension (HTN) is a major public health problem. Screening for untreated HTN in the emergency department (ED) may lead to appropriate treatment of more patients. The authors investigated the accuracy of identifying HTN in the ED, the proportion of ED patients with untreated HTN, patient characteristics predicting untreated HTN, and provider documentation of untreated HTN.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a retrospective cross-sectional study on a random sample of 2,061 adults treated at an urban academic ED. The validity of six candidate definitions of HTN in the ED was assessed in a subsample using outpatient clinic records as the reference standard. "Untreated HTN" was HTN without a HTN medication listed in the ED history. "Documentation of untreated HTN was documentation of HTN as a visit problem, specific referral for HTN, or ED discharge with a HTN" information sheet or a HTN medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preferred definition of HTN in the ED had sensitivity of 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 80% to 90%), specificity of 78% (95% CI = 69% to 85%), and accuracy of 83% (95% CI = 78% to 87%). Of the 42% (95% CI = 40% to 44%) of ED patients with HTN, 43% (95% CI = 39% to 46%) had untreated HTN. Patients who were younger and male, without primary care physicians, with fewer prior ED visits, and without cardiovascular comorbidities, had higher odds of untreated HTN. Of those with untreated HTN, 8% (95% CI = 5% to 11%) had their untreated HTN documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Untreated HTN was common in the ED but rarely documented. Providers can use ED blood pressures along with patient characteristics to identify those with untreated HTN for referral to primary care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. craig.umscheid@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Umscheid
authors.forename: Maureen G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Jesse M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: Worth W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Baren
authors.forename: Raymond R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mines
authors.forename: Demian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szyld
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity