title: High-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for chemoresistant Hodgkin lymphoma: the Seattle experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-dose therapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard treatment for patients with chemosensitive relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), but this therapy is commonly denied to patients with resistant disease. We explored the utility of HDT and ASCT for chemoresistant HL because there are few established therapies for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four chemoresistant HL patients underwent HDT followed by ASCT at our center. Baseline characteristics included median age = 35 years (range, 14-59 years), stage III/IV = 49 (77%), nodular sclerosis histology = 51 (80%), and prior radiation = 32 (50%). Twenty-six patients (41%) received total body irradiation (TBI)-based regimens, and 38 (59%) underwent non-TBI conditioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 31% and 17%, respectively (median follow-up = 4.2 years). Multivariate analysis only identified year of transplant as independently associated with improved OS (P = .008) and PFS (P = .04), with patients receiving transplants in later years having better outcome. The probabilities of 3-year PFS for patients receiving transplants during 1986 to 1989, 1990 to July 1993, August 1993 to 1999, and 2000 to 2005 were 9%, 21%, 33%, and 31%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that HDT and ASCT may result in prolonged remissions and survival for a subset of chemoresistant HL patients, with improved outcomes in patients receiving transplants more recently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. agopal@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gopal
authors.forename: Tracee L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Ted A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gooley
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pagel
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Petersdorf
authors.forename: William I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Bensinger
authors.forename: Leona
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Oliver W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Press
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome