[Comparison of the sleep architecture and symptom of inattention-hyperactivity in children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome before and after surgery].
OBJECTIVE
To observe the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity among obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) children, also to investigate the effects of surgery (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy or adenoidectomy alone) on the changes of sleep architecture and inattention-hyperactivity score (IHS).


METHODS
Between June 2004 and may 2007, eighty children diagnosed as OSAHS with overnight polysomnography (PSG) were included in this study, only sixteen children had complete pre-op and post-op PSG data. Thirty children with vocal cord nodules were selected as control group. DSM-IV-derived IHS was evaluated by neurologist. All OSAHS children accepted surgery (tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy or adenoidectomy alone) and IHS evaluation. The pre-op and post-op sleep architecture and IHS were compared with that of control group.


RESULTS
(1) The median IHS 80 OSAHS children was higher than that it in control group (0.89 vs 0.17) and the difference was significant (Z = -4. 276, P < 0.05). After surgery, it showed a significant reduction in IHS (0.44 vs 0.89, t = 6.219, P < 0.05). (2) Twenty-five OSAHS children had pre-op IHS greater than 1.25 and nine had post-op IHS greater than 1.25, while only three children in control group had IHS greater than 1.25. The difference was statistically significant (chi2 = 5.192, 9.56 respectively, P < 0.05). (3) For sixteen OSAHS children who had both pre-op and post-op PSG data, a decrease in the percentage of phase 1 sleep and an increase in the percentage of phase 2 sleep, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were observed in six months after surgery and the difference was significant (t = 12.2, -5.4, -6.3, - 8.1 respectively, P < 0.001). After surgery, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from 13.9 times/h to 1.5 times/h while lowest saturation of blood oxygen (LSaO2) increased from 0.855 to 0.940 (t = 5.3, - 3.7 respectively, P < 0.01). REM sleep percentage and LSaO2 was still lower than that of control group six months after surgery.


CONCLUSIONS
Children with OSAHS showed significantly impaired attention and hyperactivity as compared with control group. Improvement of behavior and sleep architecture were observed after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy.
Huang
Zhen-Yun
ZY
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China.
Liu
Da-Bo
DB
Li
Zhi-Bin
ZB
Zhong
Jian-Wen
JW
Yu
Jie
J
Tan
Zong-Yu
ZY
Sun
Chang-Zhi
CZ
Zhou
Li-Fen
LF
Chen
Qian
Q
D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery