title: Clinical trial: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of nitazoxanide monotherapy for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitazoxanide, licensed in the US for treatment of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia, inhibits hepatitis C virus replication in replicon systems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of nitazoxanide monotherapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 50 adult patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 at three centres in Egypt to nitazoxanide 500 mg tablet or placebo twice daily for 24 weeks. Patients were followed up every 4 weeks during treatment and for 24 weeks after therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 23 patients (30.4%) in the nitazoxanide group achieved undetectable serum HCV RNA compared to 0 of 24 in the placebo group during therapy (P = 0.004). Each of the seven responders had baseline HCV RNA levels < or =400 000 IU/mL. Six of the seven virological responders were followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment, and four patients (17.4% of 23 treated) had a sustained virological response. Adverse events were similar in the nitazoxanide and placebo groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitazoxanide monotherapy is safe and effective in achieving sustained virological response in a modest number of patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4, particularly in patients with low baseline serum HCV RNA levels.
authors.affiliation: The Romark Institute for Medical Research, Tampa, FL, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kabil
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: El-Gohary
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elfert
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Keeffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013607:Tablets; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013607:Tablets; D013844:Thiazoles; C041747:nitazoxanide