title: Management of the lower lid in male blepharoplasty.
abstract: Rejuvenation of the lower eyelid blepharoplasty in men requires consideration of different esthetic norms than those considered in women. Although both require a thorough understanding of anatomy, and the process of aging in each includes descent of the globe, pseudoherniation of the orbital fat, and skeletonization of the inferior bony rim, the goals for male blepharoplasty differ. The authors review the primary surgical approaches in lower lid blepharoplasty (transconjunctival skin-muscle flap) and the currently described techniques used to address displaced orbital fat, with special consideration of the male patient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 801 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: smost@ohns.stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Sam P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Most
mesh_terms: D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015595:Skin Aging