title: Leg intravenous pressure during head-up tilt.
abstract: Leg vascular resistance is calculated as the arterial-venous pressure gradient divided by blood flow. During orthostatic challenges it is assumed that the hydrostatic pressure contributes equally to leg arterial, as well as to leg venous pressure. Because of venous valves, one may question whether, during orthostatic challenges, a continuous hydrostatic column is formed and if leg venous pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to measure intravenous pressure in the great saphenous vein of 12 healthy individuals during 30 degrees and 70 degrees head-up tilt and compare this with the calculated hydrostatic pressure. The height difference between the heart and the right medial malleolus level represented the hydrostatic column. The results demonstrate that there were no differences between the measured intravenous pressure and the calculated hydrostatic pressure during 30 degrees (47.2 +/- 1.0 and 46.9 +/- 1.5 mmHg, respectively) and 70 degrees head-up tilt (83.9 +/- 0.9 and 85.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg, respectively). Steady-state levels of intravenous pressure were reached after 95 +/- 12 s during 30 degrees and 161 +/- 15 s during 70 degrees head-up tilt. In conclusion, the measured leg venous pressure is similar to the calculated hydrostatic pressure during orthostatic challenges. Therefore, the assumption that hydrostatic pressure contributes equally to leg arterial as well as to leg venous pressure during orthostatic challenges can be made.
authors.affiliation: Radboud Univ. Nijmegen Medical Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Geert Grooteplein-noord 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Groothuis
authors.forename: Fleur
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poelkens
authors.forename: Constantijn W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kooijman
authors.forename: Maria T E
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hopman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004244:Dizziness / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011187:Posture; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018667:Tilt-Table Test; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014690:Venous Pressure