title: Roles of K+, H+, H2O, and DeltaPsi in solute transport mediated by major facilitator superfamily members ProP and LacY.
abstract: H (+)-solute symporters ProP and LacY are members of the major facilitator superfamily. ProP mediates osmoprotectant (e.g., proline) accumulation, whereas LacY transports the nutrient lactose. The roles of K (+), H (+), H 2O, and DeltaPsi in H (+)-proline and H (+)-lactose symport were compared using right-side-out cytoplasmic membrane vesicles (MVs) from bacteria expressing both transporters and proteoliposomes (PRLs) reconstituted with pure ProP-His 6. ProP activity increased as LacY activity decreased when osmotic stress (increasing osmolality) was imposed on MVs. The activities of both transporters decreased to similar extents when Na (+) replaced K (+) in MV preparations. Thus, K (+) did not specifically control ProP activity. As with LacY, an increasing extravesicular pH stimulated ProP-mediated proline efflux much more than ProP-mediated proline exchange from de-energized MVs. In contrast to that of LacY, ProP-mediated exchange was only 2-fold faster than ProP-mediated efflux and was inhibited by respiration. In the absence of the protonmotive force (Deltamu H (+) ), efflux of lactose from MVs was much more sensitive to increasing osmolality than lactose exchange. Thus, H 2O may be directly involved in proton transport via LacY. In the absence of Deltamu H (+) , proline efflux and exchange from MVs were osmolality-independent. In PRLs with a DeltapH of 1 (lumen alkaline), ProP-His 6 was inactive when the membrane potential (DeltaPsi) was zero, was active but insensitive to osmolality when DeltaPsi was -100 mV, and became osmolality-sensitive as DeltaPsi increased further to -137 mV. ProP-His 6 had the same membrane orientation in PRLs as in cells and MVs. ProP switches among "off", "on", and "osmolality-sensitive" states as the membrane potential increases. Kinetic parameters determined in the absence of Deltamu H (+) represent a ProP population that is predominantly off.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Doreen E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Culham
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Romantsov
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C079244:ProP protein, E coli; D011510:Proteolipids; D011522:Protons; D027981:Symporters; C020485:proteoliposomes; D014867:Water; C021499:lactose permease; D011392:Proline; D007785:Lactose; D011188:Potassium