title: Early surgical intervention for proliferating hemangiomas of the scalp: indications and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large hemangiomas of the scalp, though uncommon, present unique challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. If not treated early, these lesions can result in large areas of alopecia, distortion of the hairline, or deformation of the ear. Given these potential complications and the relative pliability and redundancy of the infant scalp before 4 months of age, the authors propose early surgical excision.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the senior author's (B.M.Z.) patient records was performed; over a period of 4 years, six infants were identified who underwent resection of a large scalp hemangioma. The surgical planning and execution of each case and follow-up are detailed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All six hemangiomas were excised completely. In five cases, the excisions were performed in one stage at or before 4 months of age. In a sixth case, a tissue expander was placed before excision and closure in an 18-month-old infant. In three cases, significant ear malposition was corrected by removal of the deforming mass. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors have demonstrated that by taking advantage of the greater elasticity of the infant scalp, large hemangiomas of the scalp can be aggressively and successfully treated with surgical intervention, often in one operation. Beyond the usual indications, early surgical excision of scalp hemangiomas may be advantageous and warranted to prevent the development of large alopecic areas or the permanent distortion of the hairline and aural anatomy.
authors.affiliation: New York, N.Y. From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, the Department of Pediatrics, and the Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blei
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Zide
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D015626:Tissue Expansion