title: Small deletions in the potato leafroll virus readthrough protein affect particle morphology, aphid transmission, virus movement and accumulation.
abstract: Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) capsid comprises 180 coat protein (CP) subunits, with some percentage containing a readthrough domain (RTD) extension located on the particle's surface. The RTD N terminus is highly conserved in luteovirids and this study sought to identify biologically active sites within this region of the PLRV RTD. Fourteen three-amino-acid-deletion mutants were generated from a cloned infectious PLRV cDNA and delivered to plants by Agrobacterium inoculations. All mutant viruses accumulated locally in infiltrated tissues and expressed the readthrough protein (RTP) containing the CP and RTD sequences in plant tissues; however, when purified, only three mutant viruses incorporated the RTP into the virion. None of the mutant viruses were aphid transmissible, but the viruses persisted in aphids for a period sufficient to allow for virus transmission. Several mutant viruses were examined further for systemic infection in four host species. All mutant viruses, regardless of RTP incorporation, moved systemically in each host, although they accumulated at different rates in systemically infected tissues. The biological properties of the RTP are sensitive to modifications in both the RTD conserved and variable regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.|USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Kari A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.|USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Delin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palukaitis
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.|USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Stewart M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000821:virology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D052679:Luteoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000821:virology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D019065:Virus Assembly
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins