title: Mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia using endothelin-1.
abstract: Intracerebral injection of the vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), has been used as a method to induce focal ischemia in rats. The relative technical simplicity of this model makes it attractive for use in mice. However, the effect of ET-1 on mouse brains has not been firmly established. In this study, we determined the ability of ET-1 to induce focal cerebral ischemia in four different mouse strains (CD1, C57/BL6, NOD/SCID, and FVB). In contrast to rats, intracerebral injection of ET-1 did not produce a lesion in any mouse strain tested. A combination of ET-1 injection with either CCA occlusion or N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) injection produced only a small infarct and its size was strain-dependent. A triple combination of CCA occlusion with co-injection of ET-1 and l-NAME produced a lesion in all mouse strains tested, and this resulted in a significant motor deficit. However, lesion size was still relatively small and strain-dependent. This study shows that ET-1 has a much less potent effect for producing an infarct in mice than rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Anne-Lise
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maag
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shichinohe
authors.forename: Tonya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016513:Mice, SCID; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester