title: Application of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in a model of renal preservation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide exert vasodilatory effects that minimize ischaemia-reperfusion injury. An isolated porcine kidney model was used to assess the effects of administering the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM) 3 during a period of warm preservation followed by reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kidneys were perfused under warm preservation conditions after 10 min of warm ischaemia and 16 h of cold storage in four groups: SNP, control, CORM-3 and inactive CORM-3 (inactive control). Renal function and viability were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNP and CORM-3 increased renal blood flow (RBF) during warm preservation (P = 0.014). After reperfusion, RBF was significantly improved in the CORM-3 group compared with the control group (P = 0.019). The reduction in creatinine clearance was significantly less in the CORM-3 group than in the inactive CORM-3 group (P = 0.021), and serum creatinine levels were significantly lower (P = 0.029). There was a negative correlation between RBF during warm preservation and functional parameters during reperfusion (creatinine concentration: r(s) = - 0.722, P < 0.001; sodium excretion: r(s) = - 0.912, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial vasodilatory effects of CORM-3 during warm preservation improved renal function during reperfusion; SNP exerted similar, although less pronounced, effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hosgood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rimoldi
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gadepalli
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D052096:Warm Ischemia
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C476530:tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II); D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide