title: Influence of orthodontic intrusion on pulpal vitality of previously traumatized maxillary permanent incisors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental trauma seems to increase a patient's susceptibility to complications during orthodontic treatment. However, no previous investigation has examined the influence of orthodontic intrusion on pulpal vitality of traumatized maxillary permanent incisors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulpal condition was examined clinically and radiologically after orthodontic intrusion of previously traumatized (OT group) and nontraumatized teeth (O group), and after previous dental trauma without orthodontic treatment (T group). Inclusion criteria for the OT and O groups were Class II Division 1 malocclusion with deep bite and orthodontic intrusion of the maxillary incisors, no extractions of maxillary teeth, and no additional lateral tooth movement of the maxillary incisors. All teeth in the OT group had a positive sensitivity test before orthodontic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Teeth in the OT group, and especially those with severe periodontal injuries, showed a significantly higher frequency of pulp necrosis than teeth in the O and T groups. The occurrence of pulp necrosis was significantly higher in lateral than in central incisors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traumatized maxillary incisors, and especially lateral incisors, with severe periodontal injuries have a higher susceptibility to pulp necrosis during orthodontic intrusion than nontraumatized teeth.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. o.bauss@praxisbauss.de
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bauss
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Röhling
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sadat-Khonsari
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliaridis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000293:injuries; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D003804:Dentin / Q000293:injuries; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000150:complications; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000150:complications; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation