title: The level of hypotension during hemorrhagic shock is a major determinant of the post-resuscitation systemic inflammatory response: an experimental study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate whether the level of hypotension during hemorrhagic shock may influence the oxidative and inflammatory responses developed during post-ischemic resuscitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen rabbits were equally allocated into three groups: sham-operated (group sham); bled within 30 minutes to mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg (group shock-40); bled within 30 minutes to MAP of 30 mmHg (group shock-30). Shock was maintained for 60 min. Resuscitation was performed by reinfusing shed blood with two volumes of Ringer's lactate and blood was sampled for estimation of serum levels aminotransferases, creatinine, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and for the determination of oxidative burst of polymorhonuclears (PMNs) and mononuclear cells (MCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum AST of group shock-30 was higher than that of group shock-40 at 60 and 120 minutes after start of resuscitation; serum creatinine of group shock-30 was higher than group shock-40 at 120 minutes. Measured cytokines, MDA and cellular oxidative burst of groups, shock-40 and shock-30 were higher than group sham within the first 60 minutes after start of resuscitation. Serum concentrations of IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha of group shock-30 were higher than group shock-40 at 120 minutes (p < 0.05). No differences were found between two groups regarding serum MDA and TAS and oxidative burst on PMNs and MCs but both groups were different to group sham.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of hypotension is a major determinant of the severity of hepatic and renal dysfunction and of the inflammatory response arising during post-ischemic hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. These findings deserve further evaluation in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Greece. edouzin@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Emmanuel E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Douzinas
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Andrianakis
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Livaditi
authors.forename: Pantelis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paneris
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tasoulis
authors.forename: Aimilia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelekanou
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Betrosian
authors.forename: Evangelos J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011817:Rabbits; D012151:Resuscitation; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines