title: Evaluation of the presence or absence of papilla between tooth and implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the papilla level adjacent to single-tooth implants in the maxillary anterior region in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate to verify whether there is correlation among the vertical distance, horizontal distance, dental/prosthetic crown shape, and periodontal/peri-implant biotype with the presence of interproximal papilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP).
  
  
  METHODS
  77 papillae in 40 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The periodontal/peri-implant biotype was clinically evaluated and characterized as thin or thick. Intraoral photographs were used to evaluate the presence or absence of papilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  Classification in scores (0 to 3) and determination of length (CL) and width (CW) of crowns adjacent to papillae. The CW/CL ratio was calculated for each crown in order to characterize it as square-shaped or triangular-shaped. The vertical and horizontal distances were obtained by radiographic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlations between vertical distance and papilla score and horizontal distance and papilla score were statistically significant (p = .02 and p = .01). There was no significant difference between crown shape and periodontal/peri-implant biotype in distinct correlations with the papilla score (p = .41 and p = .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the vertical and horizontal distances may have independent or combined relationship with the existence of interproximal papilla; the periodontal/peri-implant biotype (phenotype) was not correlated with the presence or absence of papilla, as well as the shape of the dental/prosthetic crown.
authors.affiliation: Periodontics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: A L P F
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003442:Crowns; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000033:anatomy & histology*