title: ARG1 is a novel bronchodilator response gene: screening and replication in four asthma cohorts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inhaled beta-agonists are one of the most widely used classes of drugs for the treatment of asthma. However, a substantial proportion of patients with asthma do not have a favorable response to these drugs, and identifying genetic determinants of drug response may aid in tailoring treatment for individual patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To screen variants in candidate genes in the steroid and beta-adrenergic pathways for association with response to inhaled beta-agonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 844 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 111 candidate genes in 209 children and their parents participating in the Childhood Asthma Management Program. We screened the association of these SNPs with acute response to inhaled beta-agonists (bronchodilator response [BDR]) using a novel algorithm implemented in a family-based association test that ranked SNPs in order of statistical power. Genes that had SNPs with median power in the highest quartile were then taken for replication analyses in three other asthma cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 17 genes from the screening algorithm and genotyped 99 SNPs from these genes in a second population of patients with asthma. We then genotyped 63 SNPs from four genes with significant associations with BDR, for replication in a third and fourth population of patients with asthma. Evidence for association from the four asthma cohorts was combined, and SNPs from ARG1 were significantly associated with BDR. SNP rs2781659 survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (combined P value = 0.00048, adjusted P value = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings identify ARG1 as a novel gene for acute BDR in both children and adults with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. augusto.litonjua@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Augusto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Litonjua
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lasky-Su
authors.forename: Kady
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneiter
authors.forename: Kelan G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Tantisira
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klanderman
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Irvin
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hanrahan
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Liggett
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Eugene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bleecker
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001119:Arginase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D001119:Arginase