title: Region of interest and pixel-by-pixel analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters and time-intensity curve shapes: a comparison in chondroid tumors.
abstract: Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI is widely acknowledged to be a helpful tool in the diagnosis and differentiation of tumors. In common clinical settings, the dynamic changes described by the time-intensity curves (TICs) are evaluated to find patterns of atypical tissue behavior, i.e., areas characterized by rapid contrast wash-in and wash-out. Despite the ease of this approach, there is no consensus about the specificity of the TIC shapes in discriminating tumor grades. We explore a new way of looking at TICs, where these are not averaged over a selected region of interest (ROI), but rendered pixel-by-pixel. In this way, the characteristic of the tissue is not given as a single TIC classification but as a distribution of the different TIC patterns. We applied this method in a group of patients with chondroid tumors and compared its outcome with the outcome of the standard ROI-based averaged TIC analysis. Furthermore, we focused on the problem of ROI selection in these tumors and how this affects the outcome of the TIC analysis. Finally, we investigated what relationship exists between the "standard" DCE-MRI parameter maximum enhancement (ME) and the TIC shape.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that, where the ROI approach fails to show the presence of areas of rapid contrast wash-in and wash-out, the pixel-by-pixel approach reveals the coexistence of a heterogeneous pattern of TIC shapes. Secondly, we point out the differences in the DCE MRI parameters and tumor volume that can result when selecting the tumor based on DCE parameter maps or post-contrast T1-weighted images. Finally, we show that ME maps and TIC shape maps highlight different tissue areas and, therefore, the use of the ME maps is not appropriate for the correct identification of areas of atypical TICs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.lavini@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavini
authors.forename: Branko P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Pikaart
authors.forename: Milko C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.forename: Gerard R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Schaap
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media