title: Incidence of craving for and abuse of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in different populations of treated alcoholics: an open comparative study.
abstract: Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a drug currently used for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of craving for and abuse of GHB in 47 patients enrolled and divided into four groups: group A (pure alcoholics), group B (alcoholics with a sustained full remission from cocaine dependence), group C (alcoholics with a sustained full remission from heroin dependence) and group D (alcoholics in a methadone maintenance treatment [MMT] programme). All patients were treated with an oral dose of GHB (50 mg/kg of body weight t.i.d.) for three months. Craving for GHB was statistically significant higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.001), C (P = 0.01) and D (P < 0.001), and in group C than in group D (P < 0.05). Abuse of GHB proved to be statistically significant higher in group B than in group A (P < 0.001) and D (P < 0.01), and in group C than in group A (P = 0.01) and D (P < 0.05). Thus, the administration of GHB in alcoholics with a sustained full remission from heroin or cocaine dependence is not recommended; however, this should not discourage physicians from using GHB for the treatment of pure alcoholics or alcohol dependents following a MMT.
authors.affiliation: G. Fontana Centre for the Study and Multidisciplinary Treatment of Alcohol Addiction, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology and Hepatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. fabio-caputo@libero.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoppo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vignoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Re
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comaschi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leggio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Addolorato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057229:Alcoholics; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; C111420:4-hydroxybutyric acid