Nurse-led care for asthma at primary level in rural sub-Saharan Africa: the experience of Bafut in Cameroon.
OBJECTIVE
Asthma is an important health condition in sub-Saharan Africa, with major gaps in clinical care. The aim of this project was to implement nurse-led care for asthma in rural Cameroon.


METHODS
We set-up a nurse-led structured management program for asthma in Bafut rural health district in Cameroon from 1998 to 2000. After an initial phase of intensive medical supervision, nurses were offered to run the clinics independently. Patients were monitored for all-cause mortality, hospitalizations, and control of asthma attacks.


RESULTS
At the final evaluation, 87 (73.4% women) were registered in the two pilot clinics. They were 4 to 92 years of age (median 51) and had been diagnosed with asthma for 0 to 40 years. The median duration of follow-up was 5 months (range 1-20) and patients attended on average 3 visits (range 1 to 14). During follow-up, a 66-year-old participant died and 170 emergency hospital admissions/consultations were recorded in 34 participants, 82.3% of them being women. Overall there was a significant downward trend in the number of days/month with attacks with the duration of follow-up, and at the last visit most patients had improved compared with the initial visit. This trend was apparent in most subgroups of participants. Hospital admission before baseline visit was a predictor of hospital admission during follow-up, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.20 (1.30-7.91), p = 0.012.


CONCLUSIONS
The program was well received by the community at large. A marked improvement was observed for most patients as substantiated by the reduction in the number of asthma attacks. Trained nurses are a good alternative for the management of asthma in a resource-limited context.
Kengne
Andre Pascal
AP
The University of Sydney, The George Institute for International Health, Australia. apkengne@yahoo.com
Sobngwi
Eugene
E
Fezeu
Leopold Ledoux
LL
Awah
Paschal Kum
PK
Dongmo
Sylvestre
S
Mbanya
Jean Claude
JC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing*; D002163:Cameroon; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000458:organization & administration; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*