title: Long-term immunological study in Graves' disease treated with thyroid arterial embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate long-term immunological changes after the treatment of Graves' disease (GD) with thyroid arterial embolization and the effect of thyroid arterial embolization on the body's immunological functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients with clinically and laboratorily ascertained GD were treated with thyroid arterial embolization and followed up for 3-54 months following embolization. Prior to embolization and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months following embolization, thyroid autoimmune antibodies were tested respectively, including thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb), thyrotropin antibody (TRAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), and thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb), as well as subgroup lymphocytes of CD16+CD56+, CD19+, CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+. The autoimmune status of GD patients prior to embolization and the dynamic changes of the immunological function after embolization were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The therapy of thyroid arterial embolization could effectively decrease the activity/titer and positive rate of TRAb and the ratio of CD4+/ CD8+ to normal levels at 6 months following embolization, while the ratio of CD3+CD8+ increased gradually to normal level at 1 year following embolization. In patients with recurrence, TSAb and TRAb remained at a higher level, while the rate of CD3+CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were not statistically significantly different from those before embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunological functional disorder exists in GD patients. The treatment method of thyroid arterial embolization can effectively resume the basic immunological function to normal range while patients with recurrence have no significant improvement, suggesting that thyroid arterial embolization has an effective role in adjusting the immunological function.
authors.affiliation: Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, 295 Xicang Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Bu-Lang
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Cang-Zheng
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Gen-Fa
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hui-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dian-Ping
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yong-Neng
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating / Q000097:blood; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic; D012008:Recurrence; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018828:Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; C056626:thyroid microsomal antibodies; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013954:Thyroglobulin