title: Dopaminergic and serotonergic modulation of persistent behaviour in the reinforced spatial alternation model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have proposed rewarded T-maze alternation as a model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increments persistence therein, while chronic pretreatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI fluoxetine) but not benzodiazepine or desipramine abolishes mCPP effects. However, we noted that acute SSRI administration also causes transient persistence increase, counteracted by mCPP pretreatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study (a) further explores the cross-tolerance between fluoxetine and mCPP and (b) extends the model by investigating its sensitivity to dopaminergic manipulations (D2, 3 agonism--quinpirole).
  
  
  METHODS
  In both experiments, baseline and drug testing were carried out under daily T-maze alternation training. Exp. 1: Matched group (n = 8) pairs of rats received one of the following 20-day pretreatments (daily intraperitoneal administration): (1) saline, (2) low-dose fluoxetine (2.5 mg/kg), (3) low-dose mCPP (0.5 mg/kg) or (4) combined fluoxetine + mCPP. One group per pretreatment then received a 4-day challenge with high-dose fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), the other with high-dose mCPP (2.5 mg/kg). Exp. 2: One group (n = 12) of rats received 20-day treatment with saline, another with quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exp. 1: Saline and low-dose mCPP- or fluoxetine-pretreated animals showed significant persistence increases under both challenges, while combined low-dose fluoxetine + mCPP pretreatment afforded full protection from either challenge. Exp. 2: Quinpirole significantly increased directional persistence after 13 administration days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results establish the sensitivity of the rewarded alternation OCD model to D2, 3 receptor activation, thereby extending its profile of pharmacological isomorphism with OCD. Furthermore, they suggest a common mechanism of action of an SSRI and a serotonin agonist in the control of directional persistence.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens University Medical School, 74, Vas. Sofias Ave., 115 28 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontis
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boulougouris
authors.forename: Vasiliki Maria
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Papakosta
authors.forename: Stamatina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalogerakou
authors.forename: Socrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poulopoulou
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsaltas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019257:Quinpirole / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000819:agonists; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3 / Q000819:agonists; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin / Q000187:drug effects; D012201:Reward; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D005473:Fluoxetine; D010879:Piperazines; D019257:Quinpirole; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D011985:Receptors, Serotonin; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C015068:1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine