title: The status of sign language instruction in institutions of higher education: 1994-2004.
abstract: Surveys of sign language programs in institutions of higher education in the United States, conducted in 1994 and 2004, are compared to reveal changes over time. Data are presented concerning the institutional environment of programs, program administrators, and instructors. Institutions examined in 2004 were on average 5 years older than those examined in 1994. More institutions accepted sign language for general education and foreign language requirements. Program administrators in 2004 were more likely to have primary duties as teachers rather than administrators, and to have greater understanding of the subject matter. Faculty in 2004 had more education and teaching experience. Full-time faculty showed increases in the proportion who were Deaf and the proportion who were in tenure-track positions. Program staff size increased. Overall, evidence indicates that sign language has become more accepted as an academic discipline and that programs are more entrenched at their institutions.
authors.affiliation: Deaf Studies Program, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sheryl B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Joel I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Reisman
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D012813:Sign Language; D013663:Teaching / Q000266:history / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends*; D014481:United States; D014495:Universities