title: Genomic expression profiling of TNF-alpha-treated BDC2.5 diabetogenic CD4+ T cells.
abstract: TNF-alpha plays an important role in immune regulation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Chronic TNF exposure has been shown to down-modulate T cell responses. In a mouse T cell hybridoma model, TNF attenuated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. We have confirmed that chronic TNF and anti-TNF exposure suppressed and increased T cell responses, respectively. In adult TCR (BDC2.5) transgenic nonobese diabetic mice, DNA microarray analysis of global gene expression in BDC2.5 CD4(+) T cells in response to chronic TNF or anti-TNF exposure showed that genes involved in functional categories including T cell signaling, cell cycle, proliferation, ubiquitination, cytokine synthesis, calcium signaling, and apoptosis were modulated. Genes such as ubiquitin family genes, cytokine inducible Src homology 2-containing genes, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21, p57, calmodulin family genes (calmodulin-1, -2, and -3) and calcium channel voltage-dependent, N type alpha1B subunit (CaV2.2) were induced by TNF, whereas Vav2, Rho GTPase-activating protein, calcium channel voltage-dependent, L type alpha1C subunit (CaV1.2), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and -2, and IL enhancer binding factor 3 were reduced by TNF. Genes such as CaV1.2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, repressed by TNF, were induced by anti-TNF treatment. Further, we showed that chronic TNF exposure impaired NF-kappaB and adaptor protein 1 transactivation activity, leading to T cell unresponsiveness. Thus, our results present a detailed picture of transcriptional programs affected by chronic TNF exposure and provide candidate target genes that may function to mediate TNF-induced T cell unresponsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Fen
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Jian
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lih
authors.forename: Chao-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Thai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Stanley N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Hugh O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: McDevitt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha