title: Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues as anti-inflammatory agents.
abstract: A new series of tetrasubstituted thiophene analogues (4a-4f, 5a-5f and 8a-8i) were designed incorporating the pharmacophoric features of COX-1 (as in fenamates), 5-LOX and the p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. The designed series was synthesized by nucleophilic addition of aryl/aroylisothiocyanate and enamine (2) yielding the addition product l-(alpha-Carbomethoxy-beta-aminothiocrotonoyl)-aryl/aroyl amines (3/7); which on reaction with substituted phenacyl bromides gave the targeted tetrasubstituted thiophene esters (4a-4f / 8a-8i). The tetrasubstituted thiophenes esters (4a-4f ) on hydrolysis with one equivalent of potassium hydroxide solution in methanol at room temperature gave corresponding acids (5a-5f ). All the targeted compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced rat hind paw oedema model at the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight using standard drugs mefanamic acid and ibuprofen. The compounds (4c, 4e, 4f, 5f, 8a- 8i) which gave reasonable protection to the inflamed paw, eliciting good or moderate comparable anti-inflammatory activity were selected for investigating their analgesic activity using acetic acid induced writhing response test in albino mice at 10 mg/kg dose using standard drug ibuprofen and in order to arrive at possible mechanism of their anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro antioxidant nitric oxide radical scavenging assay at the concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 microg/mL were performed using standard drug ascorbic acid.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. khurshidmolvi@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Khurshid I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Molvi
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sudarsanam
authors.forename: Madhubhai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: M Patel
authors.forename: Navedul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D013876:Thiophenes