title: Analysis of native carotenoid composition in orange juice using C30 columns in tandem.
abstract: In the present contribution, a novel analytical approach based on using serial coupled conventional LC columns is proposed to the study of the native carotenoid composition of orange juice. The great difficulties that are found when analyzing complex carotenoid samples, due to the high natural variability of these compounds as well as to the presence of carotenoid esters are well documented. To overcome some of these limitations, we have developed a methodology including the study of both the saponified and the intact sample by means of two different LC-DAD/APCI-MS methods. The increase in the resolution and separation power obtained when using two serial coupled C(30) columns is demonstrated, and significant increases in peak capacity have been achieved. By using this new methodology, 44 different carotenoids have been tentatively identified. Among them, several violaxanthin diesters have been directly identified in orange juice for the first time. The main carotenoids in orange juice were violaxanthin, lutein, luteoxanthin, 9-cis-antheraxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin. Some of them were found in both their free and esterified forms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of serial couplings of C(30) columns for the identification of the native carotenoid composition of natural matrices.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Facoltà di Scienze MM.FF.NN., Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dugo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giuffrida
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ragonese
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dugo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mondello
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012503:Saponins; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012503:Saponins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D002338:Carotenoids