title: The effect of hemoglobin level on arteriovenous fistula survival in Iranian hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) poses steadily growing challenges to health care systems worldwide. Renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis (HD) or kidney transplantation is the only possibility for ESRD patient survival. A complete correction of anemia in HD patients may lead to an increased risk of vascular arteriovenous fistula (AVF) primary failure; some studies have demonstrated that decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hb) had adverse effects on cardiac and brain function. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of different risk factors, especially the Hb level on AVF survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational data were analyzed from a non-randomized sample (n=100) of HD patients who were referred for first AVF creation between April 2005 and December 2006 with <1 month on HD. The relative risk (RR) of access primary failure was evaluated in four different groups of patients divided according to their Hb levels (<8, 8-10, 10-12, and >12 g/dL). Other factors possibly influencing vascular access (VA) survival were also considered including gender, age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, parathyroid hormone levels, ACE inhibitor intake and triglyceride levels. The analyses were performed using SPSS v.11.5, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox's regression and log rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant higher risk of AVF primary failure in patients with Hb <8 g/dL (RR=1.41; p=0.01), diabetes (RR=1.21; p=0.05), age>60 yrs (RR=1.41; p=0.06) were identified as predictive factors for AVF primary failure. ACE inhibitor intake (RR=0.45; p=0.01) was found to be protective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Correction of serum Hb level can lead to a better result in VA survival and ACE inhibitor intake was found to be a protective factor.
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. mkhavanin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khavanin Zadeh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gholipour
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hadipour
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood*; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins