title: Treatment of wastewater containing phenol using a tubular ceramic membrane bioreactor.
abstract: The performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with a tubular ceramic membrane for phenol removal was evaluated under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) and a fixed sludge residence time (SRT) of 30 days. The tubular ceramic membrane was operated with a mode of 15 minutes of filtration followed by 15 seconds of permeate backwashing at a flux of 250 l m(-2)hr(-1) along with an extended backwashing of 30 seconds every 3 hours of operation, which maintained the transmembrane pressure (TMP) below 100 kPa. Using a simulated municipal wastewater with varying phenol concentrations, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removals observed were greater than 88% with excellent suspended solids (SS) removal of 100% at low phenol concentrations (approx. 100 mg l(-1) of phenol). Step increases in phenol concentration showed that inhibition was observed between 600 to 800 mg l(-1) of phenol with decreased sludge production rate, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration, and removal performance. The sludge volume index (SVI) of the biomass increased to about 450 ml g(-1) for a phenol input concentration of 800 mg l(-1). When the phenol concentration was decreased to 100 mg l(-1), the ceramic tubular MBR was found to recover rapidly indicating that the MBR is a robust system retaining most of the biomass. Experimental runs using wastewater containing phenol indicated that the MBR can be operated safely without upsets for concentrations up to 600 mg l(-1) of phenol at 2-4 hours HRT and 30 days SRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Cukurova University, Balcali/Adana 01330 Turkey.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ersu
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002516:Ceramics; D004867:Equipment Design; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D019800:Phenol / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019800:Phenol; D010100:Oxygen