title: Psychosocial factors in heart surgery: presurgical vulnerability and postsurgical recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Distress and low perceived social support were examined as indicators of psychosocial vulnerability in patients about to undergo heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 550 study patients underwent heart surgeries, including bypass grafting and valve procedures. Psychosocial interviews were conducted about five days before surgery, and biomedical data were obtained from hospital records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic, personality, religious, and biomedical factors were evaluated as predictors of psychosocial vulnerability, and all five sets of variables were evaluated as contributors to hospital length of stay (LOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients scoring higher on one or more indicator of presurgical psychosocial vulnerability were younger, more likely to be female, less likely to be married, less well educated, lower in dispositional optimism, higher in trait anger, and lower in religiousness. Older age, depression, low support, and low trait anger each showed an independent, prospective association with greater LOS, and several other predictors had prospective relationships with LOS that were statistically mediated by depression or perceived support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence that multiple psychosocial factors may influence adaptation to heart surgery has implications for understanding and ameliorating presurgical distress and for improving postsurgical recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA. contrada@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Contrada
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boulifard
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Hekler
authors.forename: Ellen L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Idler
authors.forename: Tanya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Spruill
authors.forename: Erich W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Labouvie
authors.forename: Tyrone J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012944:Social Support