title: Drug-prescribing patterns during pregnancy in the tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan: a cross sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rationale for use of drugs during pregnancy requires a careful assessment as in addition to the mother, the health and life of her unborn child is also at stake. Information on the use of drugs during pregnancy is not available in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of drug prescriptions to pregnant women in tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study conducted at five tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan. Copies of outpatient medicinal prescriptions given to pregnant patients attending the antenatal clinics were collected. The drugs were classified according to the pharmacological class and their teratogenic potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics received a prescription containing at least one drug. A total of 3769 distinct prescriptions given to different women were collected. Majority of the women who received the prescriptions belonged to third trimester (55.4%) followed by second (33.6%) and first trimester (11.0%). On an average, each prescription contained 1.66 +/- 0.14 drugs. The obstetricians at Civil Hospital, Karachi and Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana showed a tendency of prescribing lesser number of drugs compared to those in other hospitals. Anti-anemic drugs including iron preparations and vitamin and mineral supplements (79.4%) were the most frequently prescribed drugs followed by analgesics (6.2%) and anti-bacterials (2.2%). 739 women (19.6%) received prescriptions containing drugs other than vitamin or mineral supplements. Only 1275 (21.6%) of all the prescribed drugs (n = 6100) were outside this vitamin/mineral supplement class. Out of these 1275 drugs, 29 (2.3%) drugs were prescribed which are considered to be teratogenic. Misoprostol was the most frequently prescribed (n = 6) among the teratogenic drugs followed by carbimazole (n = 5) and methotrexate (n = 5). Twenty nine pregnant women (0.8% of all the women studied) were prescribed these teratogenic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than one percent of the pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan are prescribed teratogenic drugs. The prescribing practices of Pakistani physicians are similar to those in western countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. dileep.rohra@aku.edu
authors.forename: Dileep K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rohra
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Syed I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.forename: Nazir A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Solangi
authors.forename: Zahida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.forename: Abdul M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Nusrat H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*