title: A fluorescence polarization assay to quantify biotin and biotin-binding proteins in whole plant extracts using Alexa-Fluor 594 biocytin.
abstract: A high-throughput fluorescence polarization assay has been developed for the detection of biotin and biotin-binding proteins in whole leaf extracts. Various groups are investigating the insecticidal properties of avidin and other biotin-binding proteins expressed in leaves of transgenic plants. The methods commonly used to quantify biotin and avidin in leaf extracts are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Here we describe a homogeneous fluorescence polarization (FP) method that quantifies transgenic avidin in whole leaf extract by the simple addition of the fluorescent avidin ligand Alexa-Fluor 594 biocytin (AFB). The FP assay exploits the fact that AFB excites and emits in regions of the spectrum that are relatively free of background fluorescence in leaf extract. Transgenic leaf avidin can be quantified within 1-2 h by the FP method, in comparison with 1-2 days for ELISA and Western blotting. The FP method can also measure the amount of biotin in control leaves, not expressing avidin. Functional avidin levels of 1.54 microM (26.1 microg/g leaf tissue) were detected in tobacco leaves expressing vacuole-targeted avidin. Control leaves had biotin levels of around 0.74 microM (approximately 0.18 microg/g leaf tissue). Reagent costs are minimal: typically AFB is used at concentrations of 1-10 nM, avidin is used at 1-100 nM, and sample volumes are 20 microL in 384-well microplates.
authors.affiliation: The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Limited, HortResearch, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand. hmartin@hortresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christeller
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGhie
mesh_terms: D001360:Avidin / Q000032:analysis; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods*; D001710:Biotin / Q000032:analysis*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C417664:Alexa594; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C017071:biotin-binding proteins; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; C013411:biocytin; D008239:Lysine