title: "Four Habits" goes abroad: report from a pilot study in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  "Four Habits" is the first larger generic clinical communication program to have a documented effect. It has not been evaluated outside USA. In a pilot study, Norwegian hospital physicians assessed its usefulness, and we developed a questionnaire where patients reported "Four Habits"-specific physician behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  We ran a 3-day course with 16 participants and three US facilitators. The questionnaire mapping "Four Habits" with 23 items was distributed by participating physicians to 210 patients. Participating physicians met in evaluative focus groups 3 months after the course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was condensed to 10 items after factorial analysis. The resulting scale performed well. A large amount of missing data on some items suggested that patients found it difficult to evaluate details of "Four Habits"-specific physician behaviour. Participants found that the "Four Habits" short course led to improvement of their encounters. Some elements of the method were not perceived as relevant for all types of encounters (habits II and III).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  "Four Habits" is applicable outside US with some adjustments. A shortened version of the questionnaire will be used in a planned randomized controlled trial.
authors.affiliation: HØKH, Research Centre, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. pal.gulbrandsen@ahus.no
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gulbrandsen
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krupat
authors.forename: Jurate Saltyte
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Benth
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garratt
authors.forename: Dana Gelb
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Safran
authors.forename: Arnstein
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finset
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006184:Habits; D020445:Hospitalists / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013192:Staff Development; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*