The art of microRNA: various strategies leading to gene silencing via an ancient pathway.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), an endogenous type of small RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides (nt), have long resided in the cells of plants and animals including humans, constituting an ancient pathway of gene regulation in eukaryotes. They have a simple structure in their mature form but carry enormous information that may regulate up to 90% of the human transcriptome. Furthermore, the multi-facets of a miRNA are tightly associated with diverse cellular proteins that make it broadly connected to various physiological and pathological processes. This review aims to examine miRNAs briefly from their biogenesis to their general functions with an emphasis on working mechanisms in regulation of their target mRNAs.
Tang
Guiliang
G
Gene Suppression Laboratory, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and KTRDC, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA. gtang2@uky.edu
Tang
Xiaoqing
X
Mendu
Venugopal
V
Tang
Xiaohu
X
Jia
Xiaoyun
X
Chen
Qi-Jun
QJ
He
Liheng
L
D000818:Animals; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D035683:MicroRNAs; D009687:Nuclear Proteins