title: Dietary and lifestyle changes associated with high prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in the Shandong coastal cities of Eastern China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout associated with dietary and lifestyle changes and evaluate the implication of metabolic disorders to the development of hyperuricemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected from 5,003 subjects randomly recruited from 5 coastal cities (Qingdao, Rizhao, Yantai, Weihai, and Dongying) of Shandong province in Eastern China were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the prevalence for hyperuricemia and gout in the studied populations was 13.19% and 1.14%, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in men as compared to women (18.32% vs 8.56% for hyperuricemia, 1.94% vs 0.42% for gout). Hyperuricemia was more common in men over age 30 and in women over age 50. A significant steady increase for the prevalence was noted as compared to the previous published data. Urban residents showed much higher prevalence of hyperuricemia as compared to rural residents (14.9% vs 10.1%, p = 0.004). Similarly, higher prevalence was noted in the developed city compared to the less developed city (18.02 vs 5.3%). These discrepancies were highly correlated with economic development as manifested by the increase of daily consumption of meat and seafood. Additionally, alcohol, overweight or obesity, hypertension, and abnormal triglycerides were highly associated with higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. Moreover, hyperuricemia is likely a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a remarkable increase for the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout, which is highly correlated with the development of the economy as manifested by dietary and lifestyle changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Medical School Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Changgui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yangang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongchao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jianxia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Cong-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011153:Population; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid