Effects of different levels of cigarette smoke exposure on prognostic heart rate and rate--pressure-product parameters.
Reduced cigarette smoke exposure in adult smokers switching from a conventional cigarette (CC) to a potential exposure-reduced electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) and no smoking (NS) improved exercise performance. The effects of reduced smoke exposure on the prognostic parameters heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure-product (RPP) were investigated. A total of 18 male adult CC-smokers were randomized in a 3-period cross-over study to CC, EHCSS, or to NS for 3 days each before performing spiroergometry. Exposure parameters declined from CC to EHCSS and to NS. Resting HR and RPP increased from NS to EHCSS and to CC. Chronotropic response/HR recovery were more pronounced in NS than in EHCSS and CC. RPPmax was similar in NS and EHCSS and lowest during CC. Reduced tobacco smoke exposure for 3 days improved the prognostic parameters HR and RPP in an apparently dose-dependent manner.
Unverdorben
Martin
M
Research, Development & Engineering, Clinical Evaluation, Philip Morris USA, Richmond, Virginia, martin.unverdorben@pmusa.com
van der Bijl
Anina
A
Potgieter
Linda
L
Venter
Cornea
C
Munjal
Sagar
S
Qiwei Liang
Meyer
Bernhardt
B
Röthig
Hans-Jürgen
HJ
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013147:Spirometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution