title: Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters versus clinically indicated replacement: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare routine replacement of intravenous peripheral catheters with replacement only when clinically indicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  755 medical and surgical patients: 379 allocated to catheter replacement only when clinically indicated and 376 allocated to routine care of catheter (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  A composite measure of catheter failure resulting from phlebitis or infiltration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Catheters were removed because of phlebitis or infiltration from 123 of 376 (33%) patients in the control group compared with 143 of 379 (38%) patients in the intervention group; the difference was not significant (relative risk 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.40). When the analysis was based on failure per 1000 device days (number of failures divided by number of days catheterised, divided by 1000), no difference could be detected between the groups (relative risk 0.98, 0.78 to 1.24). Infusion related costs were higher in the control group (mean $A41.02; pound19.71; euro24.80; $38.55) than intervention group ($A36.40). The rate of phlebitis in both groups was low (4% in intervention group, 3% in control group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Replacing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated has no effect on the incidence of failure, based on a composite measure of phlebitis or infiltration. Larger trials are needed to test this finding using phlebitis alone as a more clinically meaningful outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12605000147684.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Nursing, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia. joan_webster@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dyk
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome