title: Chlorpromazine oligomer is a potentially active substance that inhibits human D-amino acid oxidase, product of a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia.
abstract: D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), a potential risk factor for schizophrenia, has been proposed to be involved in the decreased glutamatergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Here we show the inhibitory effect of an antipsychotic drug, chlorpromazine, on human DAO, which is consistent with previous reports using porcine DAO, although human DAO was inhibited to a lesser degree (K(i) = 0.7 mM) than porcine DAO. Since chlorpromazine is known to induce phototoxic or photoallergic reactions and also to be transformed into various metabolites, we examined the effects of white light-irradiated chlorpromazine on the enzymatic activity. Analytical methods including high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that irradiation triggered the oligomerization of chlorpromazine molecules. The oligomerized chlorpromazine showed a mixed type inhibition with inhibition constants of low micromolar range, indicative of enhanced inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that oligomerized chlorpromazine could act as an active substance that might contribute to the therapeutic effects of this drug.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. iwana@ier.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwana
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawazoe
authors.forename: Hwan Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yorita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003605:D-Amino-Acid Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010777:Photochemistry; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D003605:D-Amino-Acid Oxidase; D002746:Chlorpromazine