title: Management of rectal foreign bodies: description of a new technique and clinical practice guidelines.
abstract: A number of techniques have been described to remove rectal foreign bodies. In this report, a novel endoscopic technique using a pneumatic dilatation balloon normally used in achalasia patients is presented. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed for non-operative methods to remove foreign bodies from the rectum. These results are summarised, presented as a practical at-a-glance overview and a flow chart is offered to guide the clinician in treatment decisions. The design of the flow chart was based on the aims to treat the patient preferably on an outpatient basis with minimally invasive techniques and if possible under conscious sedation rather than general anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, Groningen RB 9700, The Netherlands. j.j.koornstra@int.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Jan-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Koornstra
authors.forename: Rinse-K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Weersma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D012007:Rectum / Q000473:pathology; D012812:Sigmoidoscopy / Q000379:methods