title: In vitro behaviour of endothelial cells on a titanium surface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial cells play an important role in the delivery of cells to the inflammation site, chemotaxis, cell adhesion and extravasation. Implantation of a foreign material into the human body determines inflammatory and repair reactions, involving different cell types with a plethora of released chemical mediators. The evaluation of the interaction of endothelial cells and implanted materials must take into account other parameters in addition to the analysis of maintenance of cell viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present investigation, we examined the behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) harvested on titanium (Ti), using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The cells, after two passages, were seeded in a standard density on commercially plate-shaped titanium pieces, and maintained for 1, 7 or 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 14 days, we could observe a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells (ECs) on the titanium surface. Upon one-day Ti/cell contact the expression of fibronectin was predominantly cytoplasmatic and stronger than on the control surface. It was observed strong and uniform cell expression along the time of alpha5beta1 integrin on the cells in contact with titanium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The attachment of ECs on titanium was found to be related to cellular-derived fibronectin and the binding to its specific receptor, the alpha5beta1 integrin. It was observed that titanium effectively serves as a suitable substrate for endothelial cell attachment, growth and proliferation. However, upon a 7-day contact with Ti, the Weibel-Palade bodies appeared to be not fully processed and exhibited an anomalous morphology, with corresponding alterations of PECAM-1 localization.
authors.affiliation: Department for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Germany. a.breithaupt@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Breithaupt-Faloppa
authors.forename: Wothan Tavares
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Ricardo Martins
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Filho
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinheinz
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1; D014025:Titanium