title: Feasibility of phytoextraction to remediate cadmium and zinc contaminated soils.
abstract: A Cd and Zn contaminated soil was mixed and equilibrated with an uncontaminated, but otherwise similar soil to establish a gradient in soil contamination levels. Growth of Thlaspi caerulescens (Ganges ecotype) significantly decreased the metal concentrations in soil solution. Plant uptake of Cd and Zn exceeded the decrease of the soluble metal concentrations by several orders of magnitude. Hence, desorption of metals must have occurred to maintain the soil solution concentrations. A coupled regression model was developed to describe the transfer of metals from soil to solution and plant shoots. This model was applied to estimate the phytoextraction duration required to decrease the soil Cd concentration from 10 to 0.5 mg kg(-1). A biomass production of 1 and 5 t dm ha(-1) yr(-1) yields a duration of 42 and 11 yr, respectively. Successful phytoextraction operations based on T. caerulescens require an increased biomass production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands. gerwin.koopmans@wur.nl
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.forename: P F A M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Römkens
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fokkema
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Japenga
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007220:Industrial Waste; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D031227:Thlaspi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc