title: Brain oscillatory responses in patients with bipolar disorder manic episode before and after valproate treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GABA/Glutamatergic dysfunction and neural circuits which regulate cognitive processing are involved in the underlying pathology of bipolar disorder. Event related oscillatory neuroelectrical activity reflects integrative brain functioning, different frequency bands representing different cognitive functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Event Related Potentials to visual odd-ball paradigm in ten manic/hypomanic medication free, DSM-IV bipolar patients were measured before and after six weeks of valproate monotherapy in comparison to ten sex and age matched healthy controls. Different frequency band responses were obtained by digital filtration of ERPs. Young mania rating scale (YMRS) was used to assess clinical response. Repeated measures ANOVA, Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients showed significantly higher baseline occipital beta (18-30 Hz) (p: 0.014) response than healthy controls. They were devoid of the occipito-frontal alpha (8-13 Hz) dominance presented by the control group. Occipital beta response reduced significantly (p: 0.009) and became similar to controls after treatment. Post-treatment alpha responses were significantly lower than baseline in anterior temporal (p: 0.038) and occipital (p: 0.027) locations. Healthy controls displayed a significantly increased frontal alpha response at the second assessment but the patients did not. Mean YMRS score reduced significantly compared to baseline at the end of six weeks (p: 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alpha response is the universal operator in the brain. Increased occipital beta response in mania may be compensatory to the dysfunctional alpha operation. Its reduction after valproate may be through modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms and indicate medication's corrective effect on the underlying pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical School, Izmir-Turkey. aysegul.ozerdem@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozerdem
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Güntekin
authors.forename: Zeliha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tunca
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Başar
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid