title: [Efficacy and adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives: comparative study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to determine the efficacy and adverse effects of subdermic implants, oral and injectable contraceptives.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study was conducted by using a cross-sectional design. The efficacy was measured by using the Pearl Index (PI) and the adverse effects were registered in each type of contraceptive: oral, injectable and subdermic implant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  264 users were included, the median age was 23.6 years and the mean weight was 54.48 kg. 23.1 % were oral contraceptives users; 15.7 % were using injectable contraceptives and 56.8 % were using subdermic implants. The average time of contraceptive use was 13.4 months. Regarding efficacy, the subdermic implants had a PI of 0; oral contraceptives showed a PI of 0.13, and the PI of injectable contraceptives was 0. Regarding adverse effects, these were reported by 84.7 % of subdermic implants users, 18.0 % of oral users and 23.3 % of injectable users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the efficacy of these three types of contraceptives is appropriate. The adverse effects are more frequent among implants users. The oral and injectable hormonal are effective and safe as contraceptive method and show less adverse effects than subdermic implants.
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de Zona con Medicina Familiar 12, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuidad Lázaro Cárdenas Michoacán. jose.carbajal@imss.gob.mx
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carbajal-Ugarte
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Blanco
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pastrana-Huanaco
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: López-Berrios
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003273:Contraceptive Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral