title: Aquatic passive sampling of a short-term thiacloprid pulse with the Chemcatcher: impact of biofouling and use of a diffusion-limiting membrane on the sampling rate.
abstract: We examined the performance of the Chemcatcher (University Portsmouth, UK) in two different configurations when used for the aquatic passive sampling of a 1-day pulse contamination with thiacloprid under field-relevant conditions. The configuration without diffusion-limiting membrane led to biofouling of the Empore disk receiving phase resulting in a fourfold reduction in analyte uptake compared to unfouled passive samplers. The sampling rate for the configuration with diffusion-limiting polyethersulfone membrane was also much lower than in a long-term exposure scenario, although no biofouling occurred. Both configurations of the Chemcatcher exhibited high variation in analyte uptake with up to 100% RSD. Short-term contamination events may be underestimated in passive sampling when the receiving phase is biofouled or a diffusion-limiting membrane is employed.
authors.affiliation: Department of System Ecotoxicology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. senator@ecotoxicology.de
authors.forename: Ralf Bernhard
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paschke
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liess
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D011108:Polymers; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis*; D013450:Sulfones; D013843:Thiazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D011108:Polymers; D011725:Pyridines; D013450:Sulfones; D013843:Thiazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C022840:polyether sulfone; C417209:thiacloprid