Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.
Vitamin D is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence has indicated that vitamin D can have numerous other physiological functions including inhibition of proliferation of a number of malignant cells including breast and prostate cancer cells and protection against certain immune mediated disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). The geographic incidence of MS indicates an increase in MS with a decrease in sunlight exposure. Since vitamin D is produced in the skin by solar or UV irradiation and high serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) have been reported to correlate with a reduced risk of MS, a protective role of vitamin D is suggested. Mechanisms whereby the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) may act to mediate this protective effect are reviewed. Due to its immunosuppressive actions, it has been suggested that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) may prevent the induction of MS.
Raghuwanshi
Anita
A
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
Joshi
Sneha S
SS
Christakos
Sylvia
S
D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020011:Protective Agents; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
D020011:Protective Agents; D014807:Vitamin D