Fetal programming of glucose-insulin metabolism.
Epidemiological studies have shown a link between poor fetal growth and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These observations are highly reproducible in many populations worldwide although the mechanisms behind them remain elusive. The 'Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis' was proposed to explain the underlying causes of these relationships. Animal models of poor intrauterine nutrition have been utilised to help to define the causal factors and identify the molecular mechanisms. Programmed changes in beta cell function and insulin action have been a common feature of animal models of poor intrauterine nutrition. Fundamental underlying mechanisms are starting to emerge, including changes in the epigenotype and mitochondrial function.
Jones
R Huw
RH
Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom. rhj24@cam.ac.uk
Ozanne
Susan E
SE
D000818:Animals; D047109:Fetal Development; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal
D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose