title: Daily functioning and prefrontal brain morphology in healthy and depressed community-dwelling elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-perceived emotional vitality, intact mood, physical activity, and social engagement are recognized as important indicators for lowered rates of morbidity and increased longevity in late-life, but little is known about their underlying neural substrates. This study examined relationships between self-reported levels of general functioning and the combined volume of three integrated prefrontal structures associated with self-perception and emotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depressed (N = 43) and comparison (N = 41) elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance images of orbitofrontal, gyrus rectus, and anterior cingulate gray and white matter volumes were corrected for intracranial volume and combined across structures to form white matter and gray matter scales. Subjects completed the RAND Short-Form 36 Questionnaire, a self-report evaluation of daily functioning. Subscales used for analysis were physical function, energy, and general health, which were not correlated with depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White matter volumes were associated with self-perceptions of Energy for healthy as well as depressed individuals, and gray matter volume was associated with General Health. This latter association was strongest among patients with late-onset of depression, i.e., onset > age 50, although it appeared in all diagnostic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mild to moderate atrophy is expected in late-life, prefrontal atrophy may represent changes to neuroanatomic substrates that qualitatively modulate self-perceptions of energy and general health for both depressed and nondepressed persons.
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Geriatric Division, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. velderkin@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Elderkin-Thompson
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballmaier
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellemann
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lavretsky
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*