title: Molecular profiling including epidermal growth factor receptor and p21 expression in high-risk breast cancer patients as indicators of outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with high-risk primary breast cancer remain at high risk for relapse. More precise prognostic and predictive tools are needed to improve treatment of such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors from 239 high-risk breast cancer patients were examined for expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, p16, p21, p27, and p53 by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of EGFR, HER2, glutathione S-transferase-Pi (GSTP1), excision repair cross complementation1 (ERCC1), p21, beta-tubulin-3, multidurg resistance (MDR1), cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), and cyclin-E was measured by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty percent of patients presented with locally advanced, or > or =10 axillary nodal metastasis, and 20% with inflammatory breast cancer. The median age was 46 years (26-62 years) and the median number of involved axillary lymph nodes was 12 (0-42). At a median follow-up of 86 months, relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival for the entire group were 50% (95% CI 43% to 57%) and 62% (95% CI 56% to 69%). Multivariate Cox stepwise analysis resulted in a simple model for RFS consisting only of p21 expression, EGFR expression assessed by RT-PCR, and number of axillary nodal metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A prognostic model on the basis of the expression of a limited number of proteins and genes may help to guide target-specific therapies in patients with high-risk breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA. gsomlo@coh.org
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Somlo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groshen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Danenberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Danenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human