title: Synthesis and characterization of a novel fast-set proline-derivative-containing glass ionomer cement with enhanced mechanical properties.
abstract: In this study, a methacryloyl derivative of l-proline was synthesized, characterized and incorporated into a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) with a polyacid composition. Subsequently, the effects of incorporation of synthesized N-methacryloyl-proline and terpolymer on the GIC's mechanical and working properties were studied. 1-Methacryloylpyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized and used in a polymerization reaction with acrylic acid and itaconic acid in order to form terpolymer which was used in Fuji II commercial GIC formulations. Chemical structural characterization of the resulting products was performed using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viscosity and molecular weight of the terpolymer were also measured. The mechanical strength properties of the modified GICs were evaluated after 24h or 1 week of immersion in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Analysis of variance was used to study the statistical significance of the mechanical strengths and working properties, and to compare them with a control group. Results showed that N-methacryloyl-proline modified GICs exhibited significantly higher compressive strength (CS; 195-210MPa), higher diametral tensile strength (DTS; 19-26MPa) and higher biaxial flexural strength (38-46MPa) in comparison to Fuji II GIC (161-166MPa in CS, 12-14MPa in DTS and 13-18MPa in biaxial flexural strength). The working properties (setting and working time) of the modified samples showed that the modified cement was a fast-set cement. It was concluded that a novel amino acid-containing GIC has been developed in this study with 27%, 94% and 170% increases in values for compressive, diametral tensile and biaxial flexural strength, respectively, in comparison to commercial Fuji II GIC.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical, Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moshaverinia
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roohpour
authors.forename: Ihtesham U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Rehman
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008422:Materials Testing; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D011392:Proline / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D011392:Proline