title: Denture contamination by yeasts in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate yeast carriage in healthy denture wearers by swabbing and to evaluate the effect of denture hygiene habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Denture wearers (n = 87) without evidence of denture stomatitis or any other oral disease were investigated by separately swabbing the fitting surface of the upper denture and the corresponding palatal mucosa in contact with the appliance. In a group of volunteers, a gel without any active compound was spread on the palatal side of the denture once in every morning for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening showed Candida colonisation of upper prosthesis in 75.9% of individuals. The most frequent species isolated were Candida albicans (77.9% of the positive cultures), Candida glabrata (44.1%) and Candida tropicalis (19.1%). Carriage of more than one yeast species was found in 48.5% of the contaminated dentures. There was a statistically significant association between denture contamination and palatal mucosa colonisation (chi-squared test: p < 0.0001). Repeated swabbings after 1 week as well as during a weekly follow-up for 1 month confirmed the denture contamination and its degree of severity. A daily gel application produced a yeast-count decrease to 10% of the initial value after 2 weeks (chi-squared test: p = 0.0134 and p = 0.2841 for prosthesis and palatal mucosa, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documented the reliability of oral swabbing when investigating yeast carriage in healthy denture wearers. Moreover, just a diagnostic tool, sampling upper dentures for Candida could be the opportunity to verify the patient's compliance to hygiene advice.
authors.affiliation: Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Dentistry, Erasme CHU, route de Lennik 808 (CP 621), 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanden Abbeele
authors.forename: Hèlène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Meel
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahariz
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Perraudin
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Courtois
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003827:Denture, Complete, Upper / Q000382:microbiology*; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010159:Palate / Q000382:microbiology; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult