title: Expression of molecular markers in mediastinal nodes from resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): prognostic impact and potential role as markers of occult micrometastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occult lymph node (LN) metastases are clinically relevant and confer a worse prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Current staging methods are unable to identify patients with poor outcome. Their detection requires both a more sensitive and specific technique. We aimed to assess the role of messenger RNA expression in pathologically negative LNs (pN0) of stage I NSCLC patients as markers of occult micrometastases and to correlate the results with local or distant tumor recurrence and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential molecular markers were evaluated in 344 LNs and 38 tumors by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Only CEACAM5 and PLUNC showed high expression in lung tumor tissue and null expression in RNA from benign LNs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen per cent of the LNs were positive for CEACAM5 and 16% for PLUNC. Eight of 38 NSCLC patients had positive expression in pN2 nodes by CEACAM5 and/or PLUNC and disease-free survival (P=0.028) and overall survival time was significantly worse in these patients compared with those with negative expression (P=0.0083).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative real-time RT-PCR of CEACAM5 and PLUNC can estimate the presence of micrometastatic cells in LNs with greater precision than current staging method used for assessing tumor recurrence risk.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain. sbenlloch@pangaeabiotech.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benlloch
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galbis-Caravajal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alenda
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Peiró
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ronco
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Paniagua
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baschwitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Massutí
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger