The influence of infection early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation on the risk of leukemic relapse and graft-versus-host disease.
An infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) can affect the activity of immune cells and increase the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Further, a post-SCT infection may influence the milieu of the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We performed a retrospective study of patients with acute leukemia who had undergone allogeneic SCT using the same preparative regimens and bone marrow as the stem cell source to determine if early post-transplant infection was associated with the risk of leukemic relapse and GVHD. The analysis revealed that patients who had a febrile infection (FI) before post-transplant day 21 (FI group) had a lower actuarial probability of leukemic relapse (P < 0.001) and a higher relapse-free survival rate (P = 0.012) than those patients who did not have a FI before post-transplant day 21 (non-FI group). The experience of early post-transplant FI (HR = 0.316; 95% CI = 0.174-0.575; P < 0.001), together with the presence of chronic GVHD and high risk cytogenetics, were independent predictive factors for post-transplant leukemic relapse. The FI group had a trend towards a higher lymphocyte count on post-transplant day 21 than the non-FI group (P = 0.063), despite the delayed recovery of the platelet count and a trend towards delayed recovery of the neutrophil count. These findings suggest that a change in the immunologic network by infectious diseases in the early post-transplant period favors the milieu of the GVL effect. The specific immunologic change during FI, which can potentiate the GVL effect, remains to be determined.
Kim
Sung-Yong
SY
Division of Hematology, Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Lee
Dong-Gun
DG
Kim
Myung-Shin
MS
Kim
Hee-Je
HJ
Lee
Seok
S
Min
Chang-Ki
CK
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020544:Graft vs Leukemia Effect / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D007938:Leukemia / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology