title: Sealing effectiveness of etch-and-rinse vs self-etching adhesives after water aging: influence of acid etching and NaOCl dentin pretreatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the marginal leakage of Class V restorations bonded with etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesives applied after different dentin pretreatments over a maximum storage time of 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized mixed Class V cavities (5 mm x 3 mm and 2 mm deep) were cut on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 180 human molars. Two self-etching adhesive systems, Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M ESPE) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), and one etch-and-rinse bonding agent (One Step, Bisco) were applied as follows: 1. according to manufacturers' instructions; 2. after 37% H3PO4 etching for 15 s; 3. after 37% H3PO4 etching for 15 s and 5% NaOCl aq application for 2 min. Teeth were stored for 24 h, 6, 12, and 24 months in saline solution at 37 degrees C before being stained in 0.5% solution of basic fuchsine. Dye penetration was scored on a 0 to 3 ordinal scale and analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05), Mann-Whitney U-test (p < 0.01), and Wilcoxon paired test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences exist after using the tested adhesives at dentin and enamel margins. Adhesive type and substrate pretreatment had a significant effect on the long-term sealing of Class V restorations, and aging increased leakage overtime. The extent of leakage at the enamel margins was lower than that at dentin margins. One Step recorded the best results after 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimal adhesion of restorative materials to enamel and dentin is hampered by a reduction in marginal seal over time. Alternative dentinal treatments (etching or collagen removal) might increase bonding efficacy, depending on the adhesive system used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monticelli
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledano
authors.forename: Ana Simoes
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C103506:Bis-GMA, BPDM, HEMA dental-bonding resin; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C121818:Tetric ceram; D014867:Water; C025485:basic fuchsin; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C030242:phosphoric acid