title: Differences between daily smokers, chippers, and nonsmokers with co-occurring anxiety and alcohol-use disorders.
abstract: Tobacco use is disproportionately represented among both alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) and anxiety disorders (ANX) compared to the general population [Kalman, D. A., Morissette, S. B., & George, T. P. (2005). Co-morbidity of nicotine and tobacco use in psychiatric and substance use disorders. The American Journal on Addictions, 14, 1-18]. Despite this common overlap, little is known about how smokers with co-occurring AUD-ANX differ from their nonsmoking counterparts. Seventy-two patients participated in a larger clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of venlafaxine and cognitive-behavioral therapy for AUD-ANX. Differences between daily smokers (n=23), chippers (n=12) and nonsmokers (n=37) with AUD-ANX were examined with respect to intensity and frequency of alcohol use, anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, and stress. Point prevalence of current daily smoking was 31.9%, which is considerably lower than traditionally reported in AUD studies. Consistent with predictions, daily smokers reported higher levels of alcohol dependence, average drinks per drinking occasion, and peak blood concentration levels in a day than nonsmokers during the 90 days prior to assessment. Chippers were nonsignificantly different from either smokers or nonsmokers. Smokers and nonsmokers did not differ with respect to percent heavy drinking days or emotional symptoms.
authors.affiliation: VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Boston University Department of Psychology, USA. Electronic address: Sandra.Morissette@va.gov.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Morissette
authors.affiliation: Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, USA; Texas A&M, USA.
authors.forename: Suzy B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.affiliation: VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Kamholz
authors.affiliation: Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duade
authors.affiliation: Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Farchione
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.affiliation: Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Boston University Department of Psychology, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, USA.
authors.forename: Domenic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciraulo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride