title: Ti nano-nodular structuring for bone integration and regeneration.
abstract: Nanostructuring technology has been proven to create unique biological properties in various biomaterials. Here we present a discovered phenomenon of titanium nano-nodular self-assembly that occurs during physical vapor depositions of titanium (Ti) onto specifically conditioned micro-textured titanium surfaces, and test a hypothesis that the Ti nanostructure has the potential to enhance bone-titanium integration. The nanostructure creation effectively provided geometrical undercut and increased the surface area by up to 40% compared with the acid-etched surface with microtopography. Depending on the size control, the nano-nodules can be added without smearing the existing micro-texture, creating a nano-micro-hybrid architecture. Titanium implants with 560-nm nano-nodules produced 3.1 times greater strength of osseointegration than those with an acid-etched surface in a rat femur model. The discovered titanium nano-nodular self-structuring has been proven feasible on biocompatible materials other than titanium, offering new avenues for the development of implant surfaces and other implantable materials for better bone-generative and -regenerative potential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA. togawa@dentistry.ucla.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saruwatari
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D003460:Crystallization; D015921:Dental Implants; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium