title: Prospective validation of the short form liver disease quality of life instrument.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the realization that health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important outcome in patients with liver disease, there is scarcity of disease-targeted HRQOL measures that have undergone prospective evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate prospectively the short form of liver disease quality of life instrument (the SF-LDQOL) in patients with advanced liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SF-LDQOL includes 36 disease-targeted items representing nine domains: symptoms of liver disease, effects of liver disease, memory/concentration, sleep, hopelessness, distress, loneliness, stigma of liver disease and sexual problems. We administered the SF-LDQOL to 156 advanced liver disease patients at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. We estimated internal consistency reliability for multi-item scales, item discrimination across scale and evaluated construct validity by estimating the associations of SF-LDQOL scores with SF-36 scores, symptom severity and disability days. To evaluate the SF-LDQOL's responsiveness, we compared HRQOL changes for patients who received with those who did not receive liver transplantation (LT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency reliability coefficients were > or = 0.70 for seven of nine scales in baseline and for all scales in follow-up administration. The SF-LDQOL correlated highly with SF-36 scores, symptom severity, disability days and global health. Patients undergoing LT reported improved HRQOL compared with patients without LT and the responsiveness indices were excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the SF-LDQOL in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. This instrument may be useful in everyday clinical practice and in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: John Cochran VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kanwal
authors.forename: B M R
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hays
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Durazo
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bolus
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Gralnek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires