title: Towards standard setting for patient-reported outcomes in the NHS homeopathic hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report findings from a pilot data collection study within a programme of quality assurance, improvement and development across all five homeopathic hospitals in the UK National Health Service (NHS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To pilot the collection of clinical data in the homeopathic hospital outpatient setting, recording patient-reported outcome since first appointment; (2) to sample the range of medical complaints that secondary-care doctors treat using homeopathy, and thus identify the nature and complexity of complaints most frequently treated nationally; (3) to present a cross section of outcome scores by appointment number, including that for the most frequently treated medical complaints; (4) to explore approaches to standard setting for homeopathic practice outcome in patients treated at the homeopathic hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 medical practitioners took part in data collection over a 4-week period. Consecutive patient appointments were recorded under the headings: (1) date of first appointment in the current series; (2) appointment number; (3) age of patient; (4) sex of patient; (5) main medical complaint being treated; (6) whether other main medical complaint(s); (7) patient-reported change in health, using Outcome Related to Impact on Daily Living (ORIDL) and its derivative, the ORIDL Profile Score (ORIDL-PS; range, -4 to +4, where a score <or=-2 or >or=+2 indicates an effect on the quality of a patient's daily life); (8) receipt of other complementary medicine for their main medical complaint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of patient age was bimodal: main peak, 49 years; secondary peak, 6 years. Male:female ratio was 1:3.5. Data were recorded on a total of 1797 individual patients: 195 first appointments, 1602 follow-ups (FUs). Size of clinical service and proportion of patients who attended more than six visits varied between hospitals. A total of 235 different medical complaints were reported. The 30 most commonly treated complaints were (in decreasing order of frequency): eczema; chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); menopausal disorder; osteoarthritis; depression; breast cancer; rheumatoid arthritis; asthma; anxiety; irritable bowel syndrome; multiple sclerosis; psoriasis; allergy (unspecified); fibromyalgia; migraine; premenstrual syndrome; chronic rhinitis; headache; vitiligo; seasonal allergic rhinitis; chronic intractable pain; insomnia; ulcerative colitis; acne; psoriatic arthropathy; urticaria; ovarian cancer; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); epilepsy; sinusitis. The proportion of patients with important co-morbidity was higher in those seen after visit 6 (56.9%) compared with those seen up to and including that point (40.7%; P<0.001). The proportion of FU patients reporting ORIDL-PS>or=+2 (improvement affecting daily living) increased overall with appointment number: 34.5% of patients at visit 2 and 59.3% of patients at visit 6, for example. Amongst the four most frequently treated complaints, the proportion of patients that reported ORIDL-PS>or=+2 at visit numbers greater than 6 varied between 59.3% (CFS) and 73.3% (menopausal disorder).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully piloted a process of national clinical data collection using patient-reported outcome in homeopathic hospital outpatients, identifying a wide range and complexity of medical complaints treated in that setting. After a series of homeopathy appointments, a high proportion of patients, often representing "effectiveness gaps" for conventional medical treatment, reported improvement in health affecting their daily living. These pilot findings are informing our developing programme of standard setting for homeopathic care in the hospital outpatient context.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Homeopathic Hospital, Bristol, UK. elizabeth.thompson@ubht.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Mathie
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Baitson
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: Saul R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Berkovitz
authors.forename: Martien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brands
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Tom M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Leckridge
authors.forename: Stewart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: Hugh J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: David H K
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ratsey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roniger
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Whitmarsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology