title: Efficacy of large decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of large decompressive craniectomy (LDC) in the management of severe and very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare it with routine decompressive craniectomy (RDC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 263 patients with severe TBI (GCS < or = 8) treated by either LDC or RDC in our department were studied retrospectively in this article. One hundred and thirty-five patients with severe TBI, including 54 patients with very severe TBI (GCS < or = 5), underwent LDC (LDC group). The other 128 patients with severe TBI, including 49 patients with very severe TBI, underwent RDC (RDC group). The treatment outcome and postoperative complications of the two treatment methods were compared and analyzed in a 6-month follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six patients (71.7 %) obtained satisfactory treatment outcome in the LDC group, while only 75 cases (58.6 %) obtained satisfactory outcome in the RDC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the efficacy of LDC in treating very severe TBI was higher than that of RDC (63.0 % vs. 36.7 %, P < 0.01). The chance of reoperation due to refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) in the LDC group was significantly lower than that of the RDC group (P < 0.05), while the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and subdural effusion were significantly higher than those of the RDC group ( P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LDC is superior to RDC in improving the treatment outcome of severe TBI, especially the very severe ones. LDC can also efficiently reduce the chances of reoperation due to refractory ICP. However, it increases the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and contralateral subdural effusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Gu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiu-jue
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ren-ya
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Wei-guo
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged