title: Decreased occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw after implementation of dental preventive measures in solid tumour patients with bone metastases treated with bisphosphonates. The experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Screening of the oral cavity and dental care was suggested as mandatory preventive measures of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients receiving bisphosphonates (BPs). We investigated the occurrence of ONJ before and after implementation of dental preventive measures when starting BP therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since April 2005, 154 consecutive patients treated with BPs (POST-Group) have undergone a baseline mouth assessment (dental visit +/- orthopantomography of the jaws) to detect potential dental conditions and dental care if required. A retrospective review was also conducted of all consecutive cancer patients with bone metastases (PRE-Group) and treated for the first time with BPs from January 1999 to April 2005 in our clinic without receiving any preventive measure. Incidence proportion and incidence rate (IR) were used to estimate the incidence of ONJ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the study population (966 patients; male/female=179/787), 73% had breast cancer. 25% of patients were given zoledronic acid (ZOL), 62% pamidronate (PAM), 8% PAM followed by ZOL and 5% clodronate. ONJ was observed in 28 patients (2.9%); we observed a reduction in the incidence of ONJ from 3.2% to 1.3%, when comparing-pre and post-implementation of preventive measures programme. Considering the patients exposed to ZOL, the performance of a dental examination and the application of preventive measures led to a sustained reduction in ONJ IR (7.8% in the PRE-Group versus 1.7% in the POST-Group; P=0.016), with an IR ratio of 0.30 (95% confidence interval 0.03-1.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ONJ is a manageable and preventable condition. Our data confirm that the application of preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of ONJ in cancer patients receiving BPs therapy. Dental exams combined to the identification of patients at risk in cooperation with the Dental Team can improve outcomes and increase the number of ONJ-free patients.
authors.affiliation: Palliative Care Unit (Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation), IRCCS Foundation, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy. carla.ripamonti@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Ripamonti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maniezzo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Campa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fagnoni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saibene
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bareggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ascani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cislaghi
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid