title: Pharmacogenomics of antiretrovirals.
abstract: HIV infection is a serious but treatable disease, yet current treatment is limited by development of resistance and high rates of adverse drug reactions. Antiretroviral therapy is especially suitable for pharmacogenomic investigation as both drug exposure and treatment response can be reliably measured. Increasing knowledge about genes implicated in pharmacokinetics, mode of action, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs has already provided relevant results for clinical practice, for example: The strong association of the abacavir hypersensitivity reaction with HLA-B*5701 permits testing patients for the allele, and if present avoiding the drug and therefore preventing the reaction. Persons with the allele CYP2B6*6 present higher efavirenz "area under the curve" and have increased risk of neuropsychological toxicity. Additional gene variants are being discovered that influence the action of antiretroviral drugs. And, moreover, it is expected that larger-scale comprehensive genome approaches will profoundly improve the landscape of knowledge of HIV therapy in the future. The present article shows some recent patents related to the treatment of viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Division, Departmen of Medicine, Hospital General of Castellón, University of Valencia, Spain. brocav@meditex.es
authors.forename: Bernardino
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roca
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000009:adverse effects; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000235:genetics; D010330:Patents as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects; D000099227:Abacavir; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D006680:HLA Antigens; D019829:Nevirapine; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D011725:Pyridines; D019438:Ritonavir; D000099227:Abacavir; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme; C585599:CYP2B6 protein, human; C098320:efavirenz