title: Hypoxia induces discoidin domain receptor-2 expression via the p38 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells to increase their migration.
abstract: Discoidin domain receptor-2 (DDR2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to the extracellular matrix. We investigated the role of hypoxia in DDR2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the underlying mechanism. Subjecting VSMCs to hypoxia (2.5% O(2)) induced DDR2 expression; treatments with a specific inhibitor (SB203580) of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or p38-specific small interference RNA (siRNA) abolished this hypoxia-induced DDR2 expression. Gel shifting assays showed that hypoxia increased the Myc-Max-DNA binding activity in the promoter region of DDR2; inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 and p38-specific siRNA blocked hypoxia-induced DDR2 promoter activity. Hypoxia also induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity in VSMCs and increased their migration. These VSMC responses to hypoxia were inhibited by DDR2- and p38-specific siRNAs. Our results suggested that hypoxia induces DDR2 expression in VSMCs at the transcriptional level, which is mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway and contributes to VSMC migration.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xin Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chung
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bao-Wei
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Danny Ling
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kou-Gi
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Shyu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D000070818:Discoidin Domain Receptors; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D007093:Imidazoles; C499329:Max protein, rat; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D011725:Pyridines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen; D004247:DNA; D000070818:Discoidin Domain Receptors; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580