title: Alendronate enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells: a preliminary study.
abstract: Alendronate inhibits osteoclastic activity. However, some studies suggest alendronate also has effects on osteoblast activity. We hypothesized alendronate would enhance osteoblastic differentiation without causing cytotoxicity of the osteoblasts. We evaluated the effect of alendronate on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells. D1 cells (multipotent mouse mesenchymal stem cells) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 days and then treated with alendronate for 2 days before being subjected to various tests using MTT assays, Alizarin Red, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, energy-dispersive xray spectrophotometry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometric analysis. D1 cells differentiated into osteoblasts in the presence of osteogenic differentiation medium as confirmed by positive Alizarin Red S staining, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression, a calcium peak by energy-dispersive xray spectrophotometry, and by positive immunofluorescence staining against CD44. Osteogenic differentiation was enhanced after treatment with alendronate as confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression, a greater calcium peak by energy-dispersive xray spectrophotometry, and by immunofluorescence staining against CD44 by flow cytometric analysis. These data suggest alendronate enhances osteogenic differentiation when treated with mouse mesenchymal stem cells in osteogenic differentiation medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Azlina Amir
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: Taek Rim
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; C476399:Cd44 protein, mouse; D003470:Culture Media; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; D019386:Alendronate