title: Isolation of heat shock factor HsfA1a-binding sites in vivo revealed variations of heat shock elements in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: The information about DNA-binding sites of regulatory protein is important to understanding the regulatory network of DNA-protein interactions in the genome. In this report we integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation with DNA cloning to isolate genomic sites bound in vivo by heat shock factor HsfA1a in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plantlets were subjected to formaldehyde crosslinking, followed by immunoprecipitation of chromatin. The immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified by PCR and cloned. From a library enriched in putative HsfA1a-binding sites, 21 different genomic fragments were identified (65-332 bp). Six fragments contained known HsfA1a-binding motif (perfect heat shock element). Six fragments contained novel HsfA1a-binding motifs: (1) gap-type, (2) TTC-rich-type, (3) stress responsive element (STRE). Representatives of each were verified by in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay. About 81% of the isolated fragments contained the HsfA1a-binding motifs, and/or could be bound by HsfA1a, demonstrating that the method is efficient in the isolation of genomic binding sites of a regulatory protein. The nearest downstream genes to the HsfA1a-binding fragments, which were considered as potential HsfA1a target genes, include a set of classical heat shock protein genes: Hsp17.4, Hsp18.2, Hsp21, Hsp81-1, Hsp101, and several novel genes encoding a non-race specific disease resistance protein and a transmembrane CLPTM1 family protein.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kaihui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lianghua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Keqin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lemin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D017343:Genes, Plant; D015698:Genomic Library; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors