title: Effect of strontium in combination with fluoride on enamel remineralization in vitro.
abstract: Previous studies showed that strontium (Sr) as well as fluoride (F) can enhance enamel remineralization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sr in combination with F on enamel remineralization in vitro. Sixty enamel specimens obtained from caries free human premolars were demineralised to produce caries-like lesions. Half of each lesion was covered with nail varnish as an untreated control. The specimens were then randomly divided into F and Sr+F treatment groups. The F group was exposed to remineralizing solutions (1.5mM CaCl(2), 0.9 mM KH(2)PO(4)) containing 1 ppm, 0.1 ppm or 0.05 ppm F. The Sr+F treatment group was exposed to the same solutions including 10 ppm Sr. After 2 weeks, lesion depth, mineral loss and percentage enamel remineralization were determined using transversal microradiography. There was a significant decrease in mineral loss in all groups (p<0.001). Lesion depth was significantly reduced for all groups (p<0.05) with the exception of group F. Remineralization was significantly affected by F concentration (p=0.000). The participation of Sr resulted in a significant enhancement of remineralization (p<0.001) with a synergistic effect of the Sr+F combination (p<0.01). It was concluded that while the remineralizing process was affected by the concentration of F, there was also an interaction between F and Sr when they were used in conjunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Japan. tranthuthuyrhm@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tran Thu
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Thuy
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagaki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Phan Ai
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagaki
authors.forename: Mina N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008852:Microradiography; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism; D013324:Strontium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D008903:Minerals; D013324:Strontium