title: Effect of attenuation of Treg during BCG immunization on anti-mycobacterial Th1 responses and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functional equilibrium between natural regulatory T cells (Treg) and effector T cells can affect the issue of numerous infections. In unvaccinated mice, the influence of Treg in the control of primary infection with mycobacteria remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we evaluated the role of Treg during prophylactic vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) on the induction of T cell responses and on the protective effect against subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrated that, subsequent to BCG injection, Treg were recruited to the draining lymph nodes and negatively control anti-mycobacterial CD4(+)--but not CD8(+)--T-cell responses. Treatment of BCG-immunized mice with an anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) induced an increase IFN-gamma response against both subdominant and immunodominant regions of the protective immunogen TB10.4. In Treg-attenuated, BCG-immunized mice, which were then infected with M. tuberculosis, the lung mycobacterial load was significantly, albeit moderately, reduced compared to the control mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide the first demonstration that attenuation of Treg subset concomitant to BCG vaccination has a positive, yet limited, impact on the protective capacity of this vaccine against infection with M. tuberculosis. Thus, for rational design of improved BCG, it should be considered that, although the action of Treg does not represent the major cause of the limited efficiency of BCG, the impact of this cell population on the subsequent control of M. tuberculosis growth is significant and measurable.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaron
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maranghi
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: Laleh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Majlessi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008954:Models, Biological; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit