title: Tobacco use triggers for mothers of infants: implications for pediatric nursing practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To extend current knowledge of tobacco use by exploring whether subsets of mothers of infants have unique triggers for smoking relapse during the early stages of becoming a mother.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from a study of smoking relapse among mothers of infants (N = 133), comparative analyses were conducted for groups formed on the basis of their intention to be nonsmokers after delivery (yes/no) and their actual smoking behavior during the first 2 weeks of infant life (yes/no).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The identified groups of mothers were found to be significantly different from one another in several ways, including self-reports that their baby's crying episodes caused them to think about smoking and their level of self-confidence to not smoke as response to infant crying.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric nurses in primary and acute care settings are in a unique position to support mothers for whom the challenge of handling infant cry episodes is a trigger for smoking behavior. Interventions that teach mothers how to cope with infant irritability are likely to support the smoking cessation efforts, and consequently, interrupt the intergenerational cycle of tobacco-related maternal and child health morbidities.
authors.affiliation: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Charlene Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000523:psychology; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D033182:Intention; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012944:Social Support; D014768:Virginia