title: [Clinical manifestations of lead levels in children exposed to automobile battery recycling processes in Soacha and Bogotá, D.C].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lead is a harmless metal if not handled directly in the industrial process. Even thought lead has been eliminated from the gasoline in many countries, automobile battery recycling continues to be a potential source of exposure and intoxication for the workers and their families, particularly of low income. The current investigation was initiated after an index case of lead poisoning was reported from Soacha, Cundinamarca, in central Colombia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Clinical investigation established lead levels and lead poison frequency in children with para-occupational lead exposure in the process of recycling automobile batteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was designed as a descriptive study, with selection of subjects with high risk of possible lead exposure. Minors, mostly of school age were recruited based on referral by relatives, neighbors or acquaintances, all of whom were involved in para-occupational exposure. Thirty two children, less than 12 years old (majority school age), were included. General and specific examinations of the children were made, and blood samples were taken for lead and hematological determinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects showed high levels of lead (2-9 times the maximum acceptable value) and, according to established criteria, two-thirds were rated as severely poisoned. The children with high levels of lead had tendency toward more specific hematological compromise and showing black gingival bordering (Burton border).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study communicates to the sanitary authorities and government a clear sign of alarm in that measures must be taken to diminish the occupational or para-occupational lead exposure of children by way of the automobile battery recycling industry.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
authors.forename: Carlos Mauricio
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Jairo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Echeverry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016273:Occupational Exposure
chemical_list: D007854:Lead