title: Intraparenchymal intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with acute liver failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common cause of death in acute liver failure (ALF) and is determinant for decision-making regarding the timing of liver transplantation. The recommended type ICP monitoring device is controversial in ALF patients. Epidural devices had less risk of hemorrhagic complications, but they are less reliable than intraparenchymal ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with ALF were treated, and 19 of them received a liver transplant. Seventeen patients had ICP monitoring because of grade III-IV encephalopathy. All patients received fresh plasma (2-3 units) before and during placing the intraparenchymal device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven cases (64.7%) had elevated ICP, and 6 patients (35.2%) had normal values. One patient (5.9%) had an asymptomatic small intraparenchymal haemorrhage<1cm3 in CTscan, which did not prevent the liver transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience, intraparenchymal ICP monitoring in patients with ALF seems to be an accurate method with a low risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Transplante Hepático, Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandra T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Rabadán
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Spaho
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Adrián
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadano
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Santibañes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult