title: Exercise-induced asthma may be associated with diminished sweat secretion rates in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Muscarinic receptor agonists increase water secretion from the acinar cells of respiratory, sweat, salivary, and lacrimal glands. Mice lacking the gene for aqueous water channel aquaporin (Aqp) 5 exhibit methacholine-induced bronchiolar hyperreactivity when compared to normal mice. Individuals with asthma also have enhanced airway responsiveness to methacholine and diminished airway hydration. Because Aqp5 in humans is also expressed in respiratory, sweat, salivary, and lacrimal glands, we hypothesized that those individuals with exercise-induced asthma and excessive bronchiolar reactivity should also have decreased muscarinic receptor-dependent sweat, salivary, and tear gland secretions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy, athletic subjects who are suspected of having exercise-induced bronchospasm were recruited, and FEV(1) values were determined following provocative airway challenges with methacholine. Measurements of pilocarpine-induced sweat secretion were taken in 56 volunteers, and some additional subjects also had timed collections of saliva and tear production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects manifesting excessive airway reactivity demonstrated by exaggerated methacholine-induced reductions in FEV(1) also had diminished values for pilocarpine-induced sweat secretion (n = 56; r = - 0.59; p < 0.0001). The rate of pilocarpine-stimulated sweat secretion in our subjects correlated highly with salivary flow rate (r = 0.69; p < 0.0001) and tearing rate (r = 0.86; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea, and excessive tearing are traits that may indicate a phenotype that predicts resistance to hyperactive airway diseases such as exercise-induced asthma in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Clinical Investigation, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA. Electronic address: ridiculo@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lockette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013666:Tears / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D010862:Pilocarpine; D016210:Methacholine Chloride