title: Increased interleukin (IL)-1beta messenger ribonucleic acid expression in beta -cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes and regulation of IL-1beta in human islets by glucose and autostimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated glucose levels impair islet function and survival, and it has been proposed that intraislet expression of IL-1beta contributes to glucotoxicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to investigate IL-1beta mRNA expression in near-pure beta-cells of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and study the regulation of IL-1beta by glucose in isolated human islets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser capture microdissection was performed to isolate beta-cells from pancreas sections of 10 type 2 diabetic donors and nine controls, and IL-1beta mRNA expression was analyzed using gene arrays and PCR. Cultured human islets and fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified human beta-cells were used to study the regulation of IL-1beta expression by glucose and IL-1beta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene array analysis of RNA from beta-cells of individuals with T2DM revealed increased expression of IL-1beta mRNA. Real-time PCR confirmed increased IL-1beta expression in six of 10 T2DM samples, with minimal or no expression in nine control samples. In cultured human islets, IL-1beta mRNA and protein expression was induced by high glucose and IL-1beta autostimulation and decreased by the IL-1 receptor antagonist IL-1Ra. The glucose response was negatively correlated with basal IL-1beta expression levels. Autostimulation was transient and nuclear factor-kappaB dependent. Glucose-induced IL-1beta was biologically active and stimulated IL-8 release. Low picogram per milliliter concentrations of IL-1beta up-regulated inflammatory factors IL-8 and IL-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence that IL-1beta mRNA expression is up-regulated in beta-cells of patients with T2DM is presented, and glucose-promoted IL-1beta autostimulation may be a possible contributor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. marianne.boeni@usz.ch
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böni-Schnetzler
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parnaud
authors.forename: Lorella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marselli
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ehses
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerr-Conte
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pattou
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Halban
authors.forename: Gordon C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Marc Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Donath
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005947:Glucose