title: Role of K ATP channels in cephalic vasodilatation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide, nitric oxide, and transcranial electrical stimulation in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to explore the role of K(ATP) channels in vasodilatation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide (NO), and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in intracranial arteries of rat.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Dilatation of cerebral and dural arteries causes a throbbing, migraine-like pain. Both CGRP and NO are potent vasodilators that can induce migraine. Their antagonists are effective in the treatment of migraine attacks. K(ATP) channel openers cause headache in the majority of healthy subjects suggesting a role for K(ATP) channels in migraine pathogenesis. We hypothesized that vasodilatation induced by CGRP and the NO donor glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) is mediated via K(ATP) channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of the K(ATP) channel inhibitor glibenclamide on dural and pial vasodilatation induced by CGRP, NO, and endogenously released CGRP by TES. A rat genuine closed cranial window model was used for in vivo studies and myograph baths for studying the effect in vitro. In the closed cranial window model the diameter of dural vessels was measured directly in anesthetized animals to investigate the vascular effects of infused CGRP, NO, and endogenous CGRP after electrical stimulation. Also diameter changes of pial arteries, mean arterial blood pressure and local cerebral blood flow by Laser Doppler flowmetry (LCBF(Flux)) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CGRP, NO, and TES caused dilatation of the 2 arteries in vivo and in vitro. In anesthetized rats glibenclamide significantly attenuated CGRP induced dural and TES induced dural/pial artery dilatation (P = .001; P = .001; P = .005), but had no effect on dural/pial vasodilatation induced by GTN. In vitro glibenclamide failed to significantly inhibit CGRP- and GTN-induced vasodilatation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that a K(ATP) channel blocker in vivo but not in vitro inhibits CGRP, but not GTN-induced dilatation of dural and pial arteries, a mechanism thought to be important in migraine.
authors.affiliation: Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gozalov
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jansen-Olesen
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klaerke
authors.forename: Jes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olesen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D005905:Glyburide