title: Combined magnesium and mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) treatment reduces infarct volumes after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat at 2 and 4, but not 6 h.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using transient focal and global cerebral ischemia models in the rat, we have previously shown that MgSO4 is not neuroprotective unless it is combined with mild hypothermia. This study establishes a therapeutic time window for combined MgSO4 and mild hypothermia treatment after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to permanent intraluminal thread MCAO and animals were treated 2, 4 or 6 h after ischemia with a MgSO4 infusion (360 micromol/kg, then 120 micromol/kg/h) and mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) or with vehicle for 24 h. At the 2 h time point, treatment with hypothermia alone and MgSO4 alone were also assessed. Infarct volumes were measured 48 h after MCAO induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After permanent MCAO, combined MgSO4 and hypothermia treatment reduced infarct volumes by 54% at 2 h (P = 0.048) and by 39% at 4 h (P = 0.012), but there was no treatment effect detected at 6 h or in the hypothermia alone or MgSO4 alone groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support our earlier work highlighting the neuroprotective effect of MgSO4 when combined with mild hypothermia, even when treatment is delayed by several hours.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders/University of Western Australia, Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery/Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Kym
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Bruno P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Neville W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Knuckey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium