title: Fatty acids but not dexamethasone are essential inducers for chick adipocyte differentiation in vitro.
abstract: The present study was carried out to clarify the direct effect of fatty acids (FAs) on chick (Gallus gallus) adipocyte differentiation in the absence of dexmethasone (DEX), a commonly used as strong inducer for adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte differentiation was initiated by maintaining confluent cell in serum-free medium supplemented with FAs. Upon exposure to FAs, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (GPDH) as adipocyte differentiation marker rapidly increased, and was significantly higher in chick adipocyte than in control cell. The morphology of the FAs-treated cell changed from fibroblast-like to polygon, and the cells accumulated many cytoplasmic lipid droplets as estimated by Oil red O staining. Neither insulin nor bovine serum albumin, as substitutes for serum, had an effect on chick adipocyte differentiation. The FAs-treated cell had a higher protein and mRNA expression levels for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), a master regulator of differentiation, compared with untreated cell. In FAs-treated cell, the mRNA expression levels of adipocyte-specific genes, such as CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha (C/EBP alpha) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) were higher than in control cell. These results indicated that FAs, but not DEX, are essential inducers for chick adipocyte differentiation by elevating PPARgamma expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kano
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000235:genetics; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D017931:DNA Primers; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D003907:Dexamethasone