title: Testosterone concentration in young patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is common in middle-aged patients with type 2, but not with type 1, diabetes. We have now investigated the total and free testosterone concentrations in young (aged 18-35 years) type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study carried out in a tertiary referral center, serum concentrations of total and free testosterone were measured in 38 type 1 diabetic (mean age 26.45 +/- 0.89 years) and 24 type 2 diabetic (mean age 27.87 +/- 0.97 years) subjects. The mean BMI of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients was 27.41 +/- 1.18 and 38.55 +/- 2.04 kg/m(2), respectively (P < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total testosterone concentration of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients was 22.89 +/- 1.23 and 11.14 +/- 0.99 nmol/l, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean free testosterone concentration of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients was 0.489 +/- 0.030 and 0.296 +/- 0.022 nmol/l, respectively (P < 0.001). Eight of 24 (33%) type 2 diabetic patients had subnormal free testosterone concentrations (<0.225 nmol/l). Using an age-based reference range, 14 of 24 (58%) type 2 diabetic patients had low free testosterone concentrations (<0.278 nmol/l). Three of 38 (8%) type 1 diabetic patients had free testosterone concentrations below the lower limit of normal (P = 0.02 when compared with type 2 diabetes). Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients with low free testosterone concentrations were in the normal range and were similar to those in type 1 diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young type 2 diabetic patients have significantly lower plasma concentrations of total and free testosterone and inappropriately low LH and FSH concentrations with a very high prevalence of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, when compared with type 1 diabetic patients of a comparable age. The potential implications for their sexual and reproductive function during prime reproductive years are profound.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandel
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.forename: Shehzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Topiwala
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandona
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone