title: Cryptococcus meningitis and skin lesions in an HIV negative child.
abstract: Disseminated cryptococcosis is an uncommon occurrence in immunocompetent populations and occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. The first case of cryptococcus meningitis and skin lesions in a 4-year-old confirmed HIV negative boy who presented with fever, meningism and skin lesions is reported. On examination the child was confused, uncooperative, and had neck stiffness and raised skin lesions. A septic screen, including skin scraping, was performed; the child was treated with penicillin and ceftriaxone for suspected meningococcal meningitis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had normal protein, glucose and chloride levels; yeasts were observed on Gram stain from the CSF and skin scraping. The India ink stain and Cryptococcus neoformans latex agglutination test on the CSF were both positive. Bacterial culture of the skin biopsy, CSF and blood culture specimens was negative. The child was treated with amphotericin B based on preliminary results, and had a gradual recovery with no neurological sequelae. The child continued oral fluconazole.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiological Pathology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa. arthurhan@absamail.co.za
authors.forename: K Swe
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Swe Han
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greeff
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Perkins
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole