title: Preoperative radiochemotherapy is successful also in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have intrinsically high apoptotic tumours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Not all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) respond equally to neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT). Patients with highly apoptotic less advanced rectal cancers do not benefit from short-term radiotherapy. This study investigates whether this is also the case in the setting of RCT for LARC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays were constructed of biopsy and resection specimens of 201 LARC patients. Apoptosis (M30) and several apoptosis-regulating proteins [p53, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and mamma serine protease inhibitor (maspin)] were studied with immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, predictive values for local recurrence (LR), overall survival (OS) and histological tumour regression were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptotic levels, quantified as the number of apoptotic cells/mm(2) tumour epithelium, were higher in posttherapy tissues compared with biopsies (P < 0.001). Biopsies from clinical T4 stage tumours demonstrated significantly higher levels of apoptosis than clinical T3 stage tumours (P = 0.020). Therapy-induced apoptosis was higher when the interval between the last day of irradiation and surgery increased (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient = 0.355). Pre- and posttherapy apoptosis, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Cox-2 were not associated with LR, OS or tumour regression. Intense pretherapy cytoplasmatic staining of maspin indicated a higher risk on LR (P = 0.009) only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined RCT is also successful in highly apoptotic tumours and is therefore independent of intrinsic apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J E M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gosens
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dresen
authors.forename: H J T
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: G A P
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijzen
authors.forename: J A W M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van der Laak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Martijn
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tan-Go
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Nagtegaal
authors.forename: A J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van den Brule
authors.forename: J H J M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Krieken
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C085344:SERPIN-B5; D015843:Serpins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2