title: Levetiracetam in patients with epilepsy and chronic liver disease: observations in a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate levetiracetam (LEV) tolerability in patients with epilepsy and liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with epilepsy and concomitant liver disease were treated with LEV in an open prospective investigation mimicking the daily clinical practice. All patients were stabilized (ie, for at least 1 year) on traditional antiepileptic drugs with complete or partial control of seizures. In the 6-month pre-LEV baseline period, seizure frequency ranged from 3 to 300. Levetiracetam was added on to the basal treatment at a starting daily dose of 250 mg, and the dose was adjusted according to the tolerability and the therapeutic response. Four patients discontinued the drug within the first 3 months because of intolerable side effects. The remaining 10 continued LEV treatment, and the present follow-up is 12 to 38 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the last 6 months of observation, none of the patients showed worsening of liver function on the basis of blood chemistry, and in 4 patients, a complete normalization or a trend toward physiological values of transaminase and/or gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was observed. A greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency occurred in all uncontrolled patients, 2 of whom achieved seizure freedom during LEV treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these observations, LEV seems to be an attractive therapeutic option in epileptic patients with chronic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, Epilepsy Center, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. ledabilo@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Leonilda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bilo
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meo
authors.forename: Maria Fulvia
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Leva
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Nocera
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Striano
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D010889:Piracetam