title: Angiogenic capacity of human adipose-derived stromal cells during adipogenic differentiation: an in vitro study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improving vascularization of engineered adipose tissue constructs is a major challenge in the field of plastic surgery. Although human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) are known to release factors that stimulate new blood vessel formation, detailed information about the effects of adipogenic differentiation on the angiogenic potential of hASCs remains largely unknown. In the present study, we studied the expression and secretion of a large panel of angiogenic factors during hASC differentiation and evaluated the effects of hASC-conditioned medium (hASC-CM) on endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  hASCs were cultured on adipogenic medium or basal medium. Conditioned medium was collected, and cells were harvested following 0, 3, 7, 14, and 22 days of culture. The stage of adipogenic differentiation of hASC was assessed using Oil Red O staining, fatty acid binding protein-4 gene expression, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor, angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and protein secretion of VEGF significantly increased during short-term adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. Moreover, conditioned medium from differentiated hASCs strongly enhanced endothelial cell numbers compared to conditioned medium from undifferentiated hASCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro adipogenic differentiation of hASCs improves their ability to support endothelial viable cell numbers and suggests that hASCs differentiated for a short period potentially improve angiogenic responses for in vivo implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. f.verseijden@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verseijden
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jahr
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Posthumus-van Sluijs
authors.forename: Timo L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Ten Hagen
authors.forename: Steven E R
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hovius
authors.forename: Ann L B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Seynhaeve
authors.forename: Johan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van Neck
authors.forename: Gerjo J V M
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: van Osch
authors.forename: Stefan O P
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000328:Adult; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D001391:Azo Compounds; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; C011049:oil red O