title: Hostility is related to clusters of T-cell cytokines and chemokines in healthy men.
abstract: Hostility is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes as diverse as cardiovascular disease and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cytokines have been suggested to mediate this relationship. We investigated whether in healthy men a relation existed between hostility and T-cell mitogen-induced cytokines and chemokines. Male Dutch military personnel (n=304) were included before deployment. Eleven cytokines and chemokines were measured in supernatants of T-cell mitogen-stimulated whole blood cultures by multiplex immunoassay. Factor analysis was used to identify clusters of cytokines and chemokines. In a regression analysis hostility was related to the cytokine/chemokine clusters, and the potential risk factors age, BMI, smoking, drinking, previous deployment, early life trauma and depression. Explorative factor analysis showed four functional clusters; a pro-inflammatory factor (IL-2, TNFalpha, IFNgamma), an anti-inflammatory factor (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10), IL-6/chemokine factor (IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10), and MIF. Hostility was significantly related to decreased IL-6/chemokine secretion and increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. There was an inverse relation between age and hostility scores. Early life trauma and depression were positively and independently related to hostility as well. This study represents a novel way of investigating the relation between cytokines and psychological characteristics. Cytokines/chemokines clustered into functional factors, which were related to hostility in healthy males. Moreover this relation appeared to be independent of reported depression and early trauma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, KC03.068.0, Lundlaan 6, 3584EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paula M C
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mommersteeg
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vermetten
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavelaars
authors.forename: Elbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geuze
authors.forename: Cobi J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Heijnen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006262:Health; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines