title: Physicians charged with opioid analgesic-prescribing offenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a "big picture" overview of the characteristics and outcomes of recent criminal and administrative cases in which physicians have been criminally prosecuted or charged by medical boards with offenses related to inappropriate prescribing of opioid analgesics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified as many criminal and administrative cases of these types as possible that occurred between 1998 and 2006. Cases were identified using a wide variety of sources, including organizational and government agency databases, published news accounts, and Web sites. Factual characteristics of these cases and their outcomes, and of the physicians involved, were then further researched using additional sources and methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study findings are intended to apply to practicing U.S. patient care physicians as a whole.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were no patients or participants in this study. Outcome Measures. We analyzed the numbers and types of cases and physicians involved, criminal and administrative charges brought, case outcomes and sanctions, specialties, and other characteristics of the physicians involved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study identified 725 doctors, representing an estimated 0.1% of practicing patient care physicians, who were charged between 1998 and 2006 with criminal and/or administrative offenses related to prescribing opioid analgesics. A plurality of these (39.3%) were General Practice/Family Medicine physicians, compared with 3.5% who were self-identified or board-certified pain specialists. Physicians in this sample were more likely to be male, older, and not board certified (P < 0.001). Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) criminal and complaint investigations averaged 658 per year (2003-2006) and "for cause" surrenders of DEA registrations averaged 369.7 (2000-2006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Criminal or administrative charges and sanctions for prescribing opioid analgesics are rare. In addition, there appears to be little objective basis for concern that pain specialists have been "singled out" for prosecution or administrative sanctioning for such offenses.
authors.affiliation: Research, Evaluation, and Publications Program, Center for Practical Bioethics, Kansas City, Missouri 64105-2116, USA. dgoldenbaum@practicalbioethics.org
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goldenbaum
authors.forename: Myra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: Rollin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joranson
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edmondson
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thexton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement / Q000379:methods; D008007:Licensure, Medical / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D028743:Professional Misconduct / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid