title: Fibromyalgia: the role of sleep in affect and in negative event reactivity and recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome is a chronic pain condition characterized by diffuse muscle pain, increased negative mood, and sleep disturbance. Until recently, sleep disturbance in persons with FM has been modeled as the result of the disease process or its associated pain. The current study examined sleep disturbance (i.e., sleep duration and sleep quality) as a predictor of daily affect, stress reactivity, and stress recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hybrid of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment methodology was used to evaluate the psychosocial functioning of 89 women with FM. Participants recorded numeric ratings of pain, fatigue, and positive and negative affect 3 times throughout the day for 30 consecutive days. At the end of each day, participants completed daily diary records of positive and negative life events. In addition, participants reported on their sleep duration and sleep quality each morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After accounting for the effects of positive events, negative events, and pain on daily affect scores, it was found that sleep duration and quality were prospectively related to affect and fatigue. Furthermore, the effects of inadequate sleep on negative affect were cumulative. In addition, an inadequate amount of sleep prevented affective recovery from days with a high number of negative events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results lend support to the hypothesis that sleep is a component of allostatic load and has an upstream role in daily functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, USA. nancyh@ku.edu
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Affleck
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tennen
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karlson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luxton
authors.forename: Kristopher J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Preacher
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Templin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors