title: Cost-effectiveness sequential modeling of ranibizumab versus usual care in age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness of ranibizumab versus the current medical practices of treating age-related macular degeneration in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simulation decision framework over 1 year compared ranibizumab versus the usual care using two effectiveness criteria: the "visual acuity improvement rate" (greater than 15 letters on the ETDRS scale) and the "rate of legal blindness avoided". Two decision trees included various sequences of current treatments, with or without ranibizumab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ranibizumab appeared significantly more effective than the usual care (p < 0.001), providing greater treatment success rate of visual acuity improvement (48.8% versus 33.9%). The cost of the ranibizumab strategy was higher (9,123 euros over 1 year for ranibizumab versus 7,604 euros for the usual care) but the average cost-effectiveness was lower--18,721 euros/success for ranibizumab versus 22,543 euros/success for usual care (p < 0.001). Considering the "legal blindness avoided" success criterion, the ranibizumab strategy appeared significantly more effective (p < 0.001), providing greater treatment success rate for of legal blindness avoided than usual care (99.7% versus 93.1%) although it was more expensive (9,196 euros over 1 year for ranibizumab versus 5,713 euros for the usual care).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ranibizumab significantly improved the rate of visual acuity improvement and reduced the rate of legal blindness. Ranibizumab appeared significantly more cost-effective than the usual treatments in terms of visual acuity improvement.
authors.affiliation: Centre Ophtalmologique d'Imagerie et de Laser, Paris, France.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bremond-Gignac
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quentel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mimoun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisot-Locard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beresniak
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001766:Blindness / Q000517:prevention & control; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000191:economics; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018803:Models, Economic; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; C495058:pegaptanib; D000069579:Ranibizumab