title: Spinal cord injury-related pain in rehabilitation: a cross-sectional study of relationships with cognitions, mood and physical function.
abstract: Although psychological aspects of SCI-related pain have been investigated in those with chronic pain, little data is available regarding these factors in those early in the course of the injury. Using a sample admitted for SCI rehabilitation, this paper describes the relationships between usual pain intensity, mood, disability and both pain and SCI-related psychological factors. The sample were largely similar to other samples of individuals with SCI-related chronic pain in terms of mood, but were noted to be less catastrophic in their thinking about pain than a comparative pain clinic sample. They also reported SCI self-efficacy and acceptance scores consistent with other SCI samples. Compared with other SCI populations there were mixed findings in relation to physical disability. Consistent with previous findings in chronic pain SCI samples, usual pain intensity was found to have a strong relationship with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and pain-related life interference. SCI acceptance was significantly negatively associated with depression scores, pain catastrophizing was significantly positively associated with both anxiety and depression scores, and SCI self-efficacy was significantly negatively associated with both anxiety and depression scores. SCI self-efficacy was also significantly positively associated with physical function scores. These findings suggest that pain-related psychological factors may have importance even early in the clinical course following SCI, but that it is important, however, to consider more general SCI-related psychological factors alongside them. In addition, these findings suggest the possibility that early interventions based upon the cognitive behavioural treatment of pain may be integrated into SCI rehabilitation programmes.
authors.affiliation: The University of Sydney Pain Management and Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. kathrynn@psych.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicholson Perry
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Middleton
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000523:psychology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult