title: Characterization of the 5'-flanking region and regulation of expression of human anion exchanger SLC26A6.
abstract: SLC26A6 (putative anion transporter 1, PAT1) has been shown to play an important role in mediating the luminal Cl(-)/OH(-)(HCO(3)(-)) exchange process in the intestine. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of intestinal SLC26A6 gene expression in the intestine. Current studies were, therefore, designed to clone and characterize the 5'-regulatory region of the human SLC26A6 gene and determine the mechanisms involved in its regulation. A 1,120 bp (p-964/+156) SLC26A6 promoter fragment cloned upstream to the luciferase reporter gene in pGL2-basic exhibited high promoter activity when transfected in Caco2 cells. Progressive deletions of the 5'-flanking region demonstrated that -214/-44 region of the promoter harbors cis-acting elements important for maximal SLC26A6 promoter activity. Since, diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel diseases is attributed to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we examined the effects of IFNgamma (30 ng/ml, 24 h) on SLC26A6 function, expression and promoter activity. IFNgamma decreased both SLC26A6 mRNA and function and repressed SLC26A6 promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicated that IFNgamma response element is located between -414/-214 region and sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of potential Interferon Stimulated Responsive Element (ISRE), a binding site (-318/-300 bp) for interferon regulatory factor-1 transcription factor (IRF-1). Mutations in the potential ISRE site abrogated the inhibitory effects of IFNgamma. These studies provided novel evidence for the involvement of IRF-1 in the regulation of SLC26A6 gene expression by IFNgamma in the human intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. saksena@uic.edu
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saksena
authors.forename: Alka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Amika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Ravinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Alip
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borthakur
authors.forename: Waddah A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Alrefai
authors.forename: Krishnamurthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: Pradeep K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dudeja
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics*; D001665:Binding Sites; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020218:Response Elements; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters
chemical_list: C494257:IRF1 protein, human; D050856:Interferon Regulatory Factor-1; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C439529:SLC26A6 protein, human; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D007371:Interferon-gamma