Increased knowledge predicts greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Greek adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To examine knowledge of and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) among Greek adolescents, assess associations between MDP knowledge and adherence with BMI, and determine socio-cultural factors predicting MDP compliance.


METHODS
Cross-sectional.


METHODS
Greek adolescents aged 15-17 years.


METHODS
Two hundred adolescents (103 females, ninety-seven males) from six schools on the Greek island of Chios. The sampling procedure was similar for all schools; schools were randomly selected from different geographic areas and all municipalities. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight; participants completed four questionnaires assessing parents' socio-economic status and education, adolescents' perceived and actual MDP knowledge, past-week dietary habits, and MDP adherence.


RESULTS
Participants' BMI indicated 64.5 % were normal weight and 35.5 % were overweight/obese (mean BMI 23.7 (sd 3.8) kg/m2). Over half had very poor MDP knowledge (58.5 %) and adherence (59.5 %); both perceived (F = 3.35, P = 0.037) and actual MDP knowledge (F = 3.45, P = 0.034) were significantly different across MDP adherence. Perceived MDP knowledge was positively correlated with vegetable consumption (r = 0.185, P = 0.009); actual knowledge was negatively correlated with meat consumption (r = -0.191, P = 0.007). BMI was negatively correlated with family income (r = -0.202, P = 0.004), indicating higher BMI in less affluent households. Actual MDP knowledge was the only significant predictor of MDP adherence (standardized beta = 0.162, P = 0.030) in a model accounting for 7.3 % of overall variance.


CONCLUSIONS
Greek adolescents reported consuming a more Westernized diet detached from the traditional MDP. Actual MDP knowledge and family income were important factors affecting MDP adherence and BMI, respectively. Promoting the traditional MDP among Greek adolescents and their families appears warranted.
Tsartsali
Paraskevi K
PK
The University of Bristol, Department of Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TP, UK.
Thompson
Janice L
JL
Jago
Russell
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004034:Diet Surveys; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires