title: Symptom experience associated with immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplantation in adults: possible relationship with medication non-compliance?
abstract: Symptom experience (occurrence and perceived distress) associated with side effects of immunosuppressive medications in organ transplant patients may well be associated with poorer quality of life and medication non-compliance. The aims of this study were: first, to assess symptom experience in clinically stable adult patients during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation; and second, to study the relationship between symptom experience and medication non-compliance. This cross-sectional study included 123 liver transplant patients. Symptom experience was assessed using the "Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale" (29-item version) at the annual evaluation. According to the duration of follow-up, patients were divided into a short-term (1-4 yr) and a long-term (5-18 yr) cohort. Medication non-compliance was measured using electronic monitoring. Results showed that increased hair growth was the most frequent symptom in both sexes. Symptom distress was more serious in women than in men. The most distressing symptom in women was excessive and/or painful periods, while in men this was impotence. Clear differences were revealed at item level between symptom occurrence and symptom distress in relationship with the two time cohorts and between sexes. No relationship was found between symptom experience and prednisolone non-compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. g.drent@int.umcg.nl
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drent
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Geest
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kleibeuker
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Haagsma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine