title: Passive and iontophoretic transdermal penetration of chlorpromazine.
abstract: The in vitro iontophoretic transdermal delivery of chlorpromazine (CPZ) across pig skin was investigated. Anodal iontophoresis considerably increased CPZ skin penetration and accumulation compared with the passive controls. The effect of CPZ concentration in the donor solution was studied (1.4-8.2 mM). A higher penetration was observed with an increase of the concentration. In addition, the effect of NaCl concentration was also studied (154-200 mM). As expected, CPZ iontophoretic transport decreased with NaCl content. Finally, the influence of the current density (0.20-0.50 mA/cm(2)) was investigated. The iontophoretic transport of CPZ tends to increase with current density, although this effect was not statistically significant between 0.35 and 0.5 mA/cm(2). On the whole, this work shows that iontophoresis may be used to improve the transdermal delivery of CPZ for the treatment of chronic psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile. mjalvare@uc.cl
authors.forename: María Javiera
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Figueroa
authors.forename: José Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: González-Aramundiz
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007478:Iontophoresis; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002746:Chlorpromazine