title: Prevalence and genetic characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from slaughtered animals in Bangladesh.
abstract: To determine the prevalence of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in slaughter animals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we collected rectal contents immediately after animals were slaughtered. Of the samples collected from buffalo (n = 174), cows (n = 139), and goats (n = 110), 82.2%, 72.7%, and 11.8% tested positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2), respectively. STEC could be isolated from 37.9%, 20.1%, and 10.0% of the buffalo, cows, and goats, respectively. STEC O157 samples were isolated from 14.4% of the buffalo, 7.2% of the cows, and 9.1% of the goats. More than 93% (n = 42) of the STEC O157 isolates were positive for the stx(2), eae, katP, etpD, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli hly (hly(EHEC)) virulence genes. STEC O157 isolates were characterized by seven recognized phage types, of which types 14 (24.4%) and 31 (24.4%) were predominant. Subtyping of the 45 STEC O157 isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 37 distinct restriction patterns, suggesting a heterogeneous clonal diversity. In addition to STEC O157, 71 STEC non-O157 strains were isolated from 60 stx-positive samples from 23.6% of the buffalo, 12.9% of the cows, and 0.9% of the goats. The STEC non-O157 isolates belonged to 36 different O groups and 52 O:H serotypes. Unlike STEC O157, most of the STEC non-O157 isolates (78.9%) were positive for stx(1). Only 7.0% (n = 5) of the isolates were positive for hly(EHEC), and none was positive for eae, katP, and etpD. None of the isolates was positive for the iha, toxB, and efa1 putative adhesion genes. However, 35.2% (n = 25), 11.3% (n = 8), 12.7% (n = 9), and 12.7% (n = 9) of the isolates were positive for the lpf(O113), saa, lpfA(O157/01-141), and lpfA(O157/OI-154) genes, respectively. The results of this study provide the first evidence that slaughtered animals like buffalo, cows, and goats in Bangladesh are reservoirs for STEC, including the potentially virulent STEC strain O157.
authors.affiliation: Enteric and Food Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, ICDDR,B, GPO Box-128, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. maislam@icddrb.org
authors.forename: Mohammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Abdus S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mondol
authors.forename: Enne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Rijkelt R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Beumer
authors.forename: Marcel H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zwietering
authors.forename: Kaisar A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Talukder
authors.forename: Annet E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Heuvelink
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000382:microbiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012703:Serotyping; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1 / Q000235:genetics; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2 / Q000235:genetics; D054323:Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D022622:Shiga Toxin 1; D022641:Shiga Toxin 2; D037521:Virulence Factors