title: Effect of a highly concentrated lipopeptide extract of Bacillus subtilis on fungal and bacterial cells.
abstract: Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis are known for their high antifungal activity. The aim of this paper is to show that at high concentration they can damage the surface ultra-structure of bacterial cells. A lipopeptide extract containing iturin and surfactin (5 mg mL(-1)) was prepared after isolation from B. subtilis (strain OG) by solid phase extraction. Analysis by atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that upon evaporation, lipopeptides form large aggregates (0.1-0.2 microm(2)) on the substrates silicon and mica. When the same solution is incubated with fungi and bacteria and the system is allowed to evaporate, dramatic changes are observed on the cells. AFM micrographs show disintegration of the hyphae of Phomopsis phaseoli and the cell walls of Xanthomonas campestris and X. axonopodis. Collapses to fungal and bacterial cells may be a result of formation of pores triggered by micelles and lamellar structures, which are formed above the critical micelar concentration of lipopeptides. As observed for P. phaseoli, the process involves binding, solubilization, and formation of novel structures in which cell wall components are solubilized within lipopeptide vesicles. This is the first report presenting evidences that vesicles of uncharged and negatively charged lipopeptides can alter the morphology of gram-negative bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Química, PUC-Campinas, C. Postal 317, Campinas, SP 13012-970, Brazil. augusto.etchegaray@puc-campinas.edu.br
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etchegaray
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Castro Bueno
authors.forename: Itamar Soares
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.forename: Siu Mui
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Marli de Fátima
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Maria Estela
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Silva-Stenico
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto Beraldo
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Teschke
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D010802:Phylogeny; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D055666:Lipopeptides