Enhanced topical anesthesia of 4% lidocaine with microneedle pretreatment and iontophoresis.
Wilson
Joseph R
JR
Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Kehl
Lois J
LJ
Beiraghi
Soraya
S
D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000295:instrumentation; D007478:Iontophoresis; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009339:Needles
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine