title: Establishment of a polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Escherichia coli in amniotic fluid in patients with chorioamnionitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether Escherichia coli could be detected by E. coli of reference (ECOR) grouping and virulence factors (VFs) in amniotic fluid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 18 patients with clinical symptoms, such as cyclic uterine contraction, genital bleeding and cervical ripening, who subsequently developed abortion or labor before term, and from 40 normal pregnant women undergoing diagnostic amniocentesis, amniotic fluid was obtained. All samples were negative for standard culture. Six patients with symptoms were classified into the ECOR group, and with VFs, E. coli was detected in 6 patients. Thus, 4 patients were positive for both tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could establish a detection method for E. coli in amniotic fluid using both ECOR grouping and VFs with PCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Ghada A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tamao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzumori
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanemura
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors; D005947:Glucose