title: [Synergistic effect of HBV infection, alcohol and raw fish consumption on oncogenisis of primary hepatic carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the correlation of eating raw fish with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC), and to investigate the synergistic effect of HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish on the oncogenesis of PHC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based case-control study was conducted among 500 PHC patients and 500 non-cancerous patients in order to compare the history of eating raw fish. The synergistic pathogenetic action of eating raw fish, HBV infection and alcohol consumption on carcinogenesis of PHC was analyzed by crossover analysis and multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of eating raw fish in the past between the case (54.8%) and the control group (8.4%) were significantly different (P < 0.001). OR value of suffering PHC in the patients who ate raw fish in the past was 13.6 (95% CI: 9.1-19.5) when compared with the non-cancerous patient. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish showed an interactive effect on the development of PHC, with a relative excessive risk of interaction(RERI) of 195.3 and 17.8; attributable proportion of interaction (API) of 0.8630 and 0.5251; and synergy index (S) of 7.5 and 2.8, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of eating raw fish may be an important risk factor for suffering primary hepatic carcinoma. HBV infection, alcohol consumption and eating raw fish may have a synergistic effect on the developing of primary hepatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Sheng-Kui
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hong-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Le-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006509:Hepatitis B; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood; D055815:Young Adult