title: Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to identify the prognostic indicators in patients with suspected myocarditis who underwent endomyocardial biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1994 and 2007, 181 consecutive patients (age, 42+/-15 years) with clinically suspected viral myocarditis were enrolled and followed up for a mean of 59+/-42 months. Endomyocardial biopsies were studied for inflammation with histological (Dallas) and immunohistological criteria. Virus genome was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The primary end point was time to cardiac death or heart transplantation. In 38% of the patients (n=69), the Dallas criteria were positive. Immunohistological signs of inflammation were shown in 50% (n=91). Genomes of cardiotropic virus species were detected in 79 patients (44%). During follow-up, 22% of the patients (n=40) reached the primary end point. Three independent predictors were identified for the primary end point, namely New York Heart Association class III or IV at entry (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 7.57; P=0.008), immunohistological evidence of inflammatory infiltrates in the myocardium (hazard ratio, 3.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 8.62; P=0.008), and beta-blocker therapy (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.21 to 0.91; P=0.027). Ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index were predictive only in univariate, not in multivariate, analysis. Neither the Dallas criteria nor the detection of viral genome was a predictor of outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with suspected myocarditis, advanced New York Heart Association functional class, immunohistological signs of inflammation, and lack of beta-blocker therapy, but not histology (positive Dallas criteria) or viral genome detection, are related to poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Homburg/Saar, Germany. i.kindermann@med-in.uni-saarland.de
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kindermann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kindermann
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandolf
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingel
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bültmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Böhm
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016679:Genome, Viral; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017725:Ventricular Pressure; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists