title: Post-transplant colonization with non-Aspergillus molds and risk of development of invasive fungal disease in lung transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance and risk of progression to invasive disease of the non-Aspergillus molds from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of lung transplant (LTx) recipients are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records from March 1996 to March 2006 of all LTx recipients whose BAL culture grew non-Aspergillus mold. The clinical characteristics, administration of prophylaxis, and outcomes were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five non-Aspergillus molds were isolated from the BAL of 75 patients. Of these LTx recipients, 14.5% had a BAL with non-Aspergillus mold. Emphysema was the most common underlying diagnosis for transplantation (41.3%) and the most common isolate was Cladosporium. Isolation of a non-Aspergillus mold occurred at a median of 415 days after LTx. Prophylaxis with an anti-mold agent was noted in 44.7% (38 of 85) of the isolates. Median follow-up was 765 days. There were no cases of proven invasive fungal infection up to 1 year after isolation of the mold; and only 1 case of probable zygomycosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolation of non-Aspergillus molds in the BAL of LTx recipients may not be associated with the development of invasive disease, irrespective of anti-fungal prophylaxis. These results suggest that initiation of targeted anti-fungal prophylaxis after isolation of non-Aspergillus molds from BAL may not be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15237, USA. silveirafd@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Fernanda P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Eun J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pilewski
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Husain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents