title: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes promote and/or suppress the in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated by interleukins 2, 7 and 15.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and articular chondrocytes (ACs) affect the in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) driven by the homeostatic interleukin (IL)2, IL7 and IL15 cytokines binding to the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain (gamma(c)) in the absence of T cell receptor (TCR) triggering.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBMCs, total T cells and T cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) were stimulated with IL2, IL7 or IL15 and exposed to cultured BM-MSCs and ACs at varying cell:cell ratio either in contact or in transwell conditions. Lymphocyte proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine uptake or by flow cytometry of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSCs and ACs enhanced and inhibited lymphocyte proliferation depending on the extent of lymphocyte baseline proliferation and on the MSC/AC to lymphocyte ratio. Enhancement was significant on poorly proliferating lymphocytes and mostly at lower MSC/AC to lymphocyte ratio. Suppression occurred only on actively proliferating lymphocytes and at high MSC/AC to lymphocyte ratio. Neither enhancement nor inhibition required cell-cell contact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a dichotomous effect of MSCs/ACs on lymphocytes proliferating in response to the homeostatic IL2, IL7 and IL15 cytokines likely to be encountered in homeostatic and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. The effect is determined by baseline lymphocyte proliferation, cell:cell ratio and is dependent on soluble factor(s). This should be taken into account when planning cellular therapy for autoimmune disease (AD) using stromal-derived cells such as MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Surgical Research and Hospital Management and Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. chiara.tyndall@fps-basel.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bocelli-Tyndall
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bracci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaeren
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feder-Mengus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tyndall
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Spagnoli
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000276:immunology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins