title: Atrial tachycardias in young adults and adolescents with congenital heart disease: conversion using single dose oral sotalol.
abstract: Atrial tachyarrhythmias are a chronic long-term hazard in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). These arrhythmias contribute to ventricular dysfunction, heart failure can contribute to sudden death. We performed a prospective study of oral sotalol for the conversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias in adults and adolescents with congenital heart disease and stable hemodynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were admitted and given oral sotalol in an inpatient, monitored setting. The initial dose was targeted at 2 mg/kg. Antiarrhythmic drugs other than digoxin were stopped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were enrolled. The average patient age was 20 years (12-39). Four had atrial ectopic tachycardia (AET) and 15 had atrial reentry tachycardia (IART). Nine had Fontan physiology. Permanent pacing therapies had failed to restore sinus or paced rhythm consistently in 6 patients. Overall 16 of 19 atrial tachyarrhythmias (84%) converted with single dose oral sotalol. AET converted to sinus or paced rhythm in 3/4 patients and IART in 13/15 patients. The average times to conversion were 98 and 145 min, respectively. Two patients required pacemakers due to sinus bradycardia. One patient had a lethal thromboembolic event 2 days after conversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral sotalol offers an effective alternative to direct current cardioversion in adults and adolescents with CHD and hemodynamically stable atrial tachyarrhythmias. Conversion with sotalol at ~2 mg/kg generally occurred within 2 h. Vigilance for thromboembolism must be maintained as well as caution for those with bradycardia without pacemakers in this patient population. There are theoretical and practical advantages of sotalol over cardioversion.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital San Diego and University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. jperry@chc-pa.org
authors.forename: Sri O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Nicole K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Boramanand
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013015:Sotalol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013612:Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D013015:Sotalol