title: Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload underlies Abeta oligomers neurotoxicity providing an unexpected mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs.
abstract: Dysregulation of intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis may underlie amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) but the mechanism is unknown. In search for this mechanism we found that Abeta(1-42) oligomers, the assembly state correlating best with cognitive decline in AD, but not Abeta fibrils, induce a massive entry of Ca(2+) in neurons and promote mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload as shown by bioluminescence imaging of targeted aequorin in individual neurons. Abeta oligomers induce also mitochondrial permeability transition, cytochrome c release, apoptosis and cell death. Mitochondrial depolarization prevents mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, cytochrome c release and cell death. In addition, we found that a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including salicylate, sulindac sulfide, indomethacin, ibuprofen and R-flurbiprofen depolarize mitochondria and inhibit mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, cytochrome c release and cell death induced by Abeta oligomers. Our results indicate that i) mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload underlies the neurotoxicity induced by Abeta oligomers and ii) inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload provides a novel mechanism of neuroprotection by NSAIDs against Abeta oligomers and AD.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanz-Blasco
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Crespo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Núñez
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D045304:Cytochromes c; D002118:Calcium