title: Self-nanoemulsifying granules of ezetimibe: design, optimization and evaluation.
abstract: Self-nanoemulsifying granules (SNGs) were formulated with the objective of enhancing the bioavailability of the ezetimibe. Various modified oils, surfactant and cosurfactant mixtures were used and composition of self-nanoemulsifying system (SNS) was optimized. SNS diluted and resultant emulsion was characterized for mean globule size and stability. The self-nanoemulsifying systems were formulated into free flowing self-nanoemulsifying granules using varying proportions of hydrophilic colloidal silicon dioxide as an adsorbing agent. Self-nanoemulsifying granules were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry, dissolution profile and for in vivo performance in rats. X-ray diffraction studies indicated loss of crystallinity and/or solubilisation of ezetimibe in the self-nanoemulsifying granules. It was supported by SEM studies, which did not show evidence of precipitation of the drug on the surface of the carrier. Dissolution studies revealed remarkable increase in dissolution of the drug as compared to plain drug. In vivo evaluation in rats showed significant decrease in the total cholesterol levels as compared to positive control. The SNGs filled into hard gelatin capsules showed two to threefold increase in the dissolution rate as compared to plain drug filled capsules signifying its potential in improved delivery of lipophilic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nagarsenker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001384:Azetidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004655:Emulsions; D000069438:Ezetimibe; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001384:Azetidines; D002214:Capsules; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069438:Ezetimibe