title: Clinical and CT features of benign pneumatosis intestinalis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant and oncology patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pneumatosis intestinalis in children is associated with a wide variety of underlying conditions and often has a benign course. The CT features of this condition have not been systematically investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Defining benign pneumatosis intestinalis as pneumatosis intestinalis that resolved with medical management alone, we sought to: (1) determine whether the incidence of benign pneumatosis intestinalis had increased at our pediatric cancer hospital; (2) characterize CT features of benign pneumatosis intestinalis; and (3) determine the relationship between imaging features and clinical course of benign pneumatosis intestinalis in this cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiology reports from November 1994 to December 2006 were searched for "pneumatosis intestinalis," "free intraperitoneal air," and "portal venous air or gas." Corresponding imaging was reviewed by two radiologists who confirmed pneumatosis intestinalis and recorded the presence of extraluminal free air, degree of intramural gaseous distension, number of involved bowel segments, and time to pneumatosis resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search revealed 12 boys and 4 girls with pneumatosis intestinalis; 11 were hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. The annual incidences of benign pneumatosis have not changed at our institution. Increases in intramural distension marginally correlated with the number of bowel segments involved (P=0.08). Three patients had free air and longer times to resolution of pneumatosis (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male children may be at increased risk of benign pneumatosis intestinalis. The incidence of benign pneumatosis at our institution is proportional to the number of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. The degree of intramural distension may correlate with the number of bowel segments involved. Patients with free air have a longer time to resolution of benign pneumatosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. beth.mccarville@stjude.org
authors.forename: M Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McCarville
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Geoffrey S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.forename: Chin-Shang
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smeltzer
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011006:Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed