title: The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation.
abstract: The principal components of both MHC class I and class II antigen processing and presentation pathways are well known. In dendritic cells, these pathways are tightly regulated by Toll-like-receptor signalling and include features, such as cross-presentation, that are not seen in other cell types. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the subcellular trafficking of antigens remain poorly understood and in some cases are controversial. Recent data suggest that diverse cellular machineries, including autophagy, participate in antigen processing and presentation, although their relative contributions remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we highlight some emerging themes of antigen processing and presentation that we think merit further attention.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Jatin M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: Annemarthe G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Van der Veen
authors.forename: Hidde L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ploegh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II