Nutrient budgets for European seas: a measure of the effectiveness of nutrient reduction policies.
Socio-economic development in Europe has exerted increasing pressure on the marine environment. Eutrophication, caused by nutrient enrichment, is evident in regions of all European seas. Its severity varies but has, in places, adversely impacted socio-economic activities. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recently adopted policies to reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs to European seas. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets were constructed for three different periods (prior to severe eutrophication, during severe eutrophication and contemporary) to capture changes in the relative importance of different nutrient sources in four European seas suffering from eutrophication (Baltic Proper, coastal North Sea, Northern Adriatic and North-Western Black Sea Shelf). Policy success is evident for point sources, notably for P in the Baltic and North Seas, but reduction of diffuse sources has been more problematic.
Artioli
Yuri
Y
Department of Chemical Processes of the Engineering - University of Padua, Padua, Italy. yuri.artioli@unipd.it
Friedrich
Jana
J
Gilbert
Alison J
AJ
McQuatters-Gollop
Abigail
A
Mee
Laurence D
LD
Vermaat
Jan E
JE
Wulff
Fred
F
Humborg
Christoph
C
Palmeri
Luca
L
Pollehne
Falk
F
D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005060:Europe; D005068:Eutrophication / Q000502:physiology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*
D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen