title: Multidrug-resistant E. coli and enterobacter extraintestinal infection in 37 dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extraintestinal infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Enterobacter are becoming more common in veterinary medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To generate hypotheses for risk factors for dogs acquiring extraintestinal infection caused by MDR E. coli and Enterobacter, describe antimicrobial resistance profiles and analyze treatment and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven dogs diagnosed with extraintestinal infection caused by MDR E. coli and Enterobacter spp. between October 1999 and June 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series assembled from hospital records data, including clinical history before 1st MDR isolation and treatment outcome. Identity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were confirmed by standard microbiological techniques for 57 isolates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most dogs had an underlying disease condition (97%), received prior antimicrobial treatment (87%), were hospitalized for >or =3 days (82%), and had a surgical intervention (57%). The urinary tract was the most common infection site (62%), and urinary catheterization, bladder stasis, or both were common among dogs (24%). Some dogs were treated with high doses of co-amoxyclavulanate (n = 14) and subsequently recovered even though the isolates showed in vitro resistance to this antimicrobial. Other dogs were successfully treated with chloramphenicol (n = 11) and imipenem (n = 2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Predisposing disease condition, any prior antimicrobial use rather than a specific class of antimicrobial, duration of hospitalization, and type of surgical procedure might be risk factors for acquiring MDR extraintestinal infections. Whereas culture and sensitivity results can indicate use of last-resort antimicrobials such as imipenem for MDR infections, some affected dogs can recover after administration of high doses of co-amoxyclavulanate.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Cobbold
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Sidjabat
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Filippich
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Trott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004285:Dogs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000187:drug effects*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents