Differences between daily smokers, chippers, and nonsmokers with co-occurring anxiety and alcohol-use disorders.
Tobacco use is disproportionately represented among both alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) and anxiety disorders (ANX) compared to the general population [Kalman, D. A., Morissette, S. B., & George, T. P. (2005). Co-morbidity of nicotine and tobacco use in psychiatric and substance use disorders. The American Journal on Addictions, 14, 1-18]. Despite this common overlap, little is known about how smokers with co-occurring AUD-ANX differ from their nonsmoking counterparts. Seventy-two patients participated in a larger clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of venlafaxine and cognitive-behavioral therapy for AUD-ANX. Differences between daily smokers (n=23), chippers (n=12) and nonsmokers (n=37) with AUD-ANX were examined with respect to intensity and frequency of alcohol use, anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, and stress. Point prevalence of current daily smoking was 31.9%, which is considerably lower than traditionally reported in AUD studies. Consistent with predictions, daily smokers reported higher levels of alcohol dependence, average drinks per drinking occasion, and peak blood concentration levels in a day than nonsmokers during the 90 days prior to assessment. Chippers were nonsignificantly different from either smokers or nonsmokers. Smokers and nonsmokers did not differ with respect to percent heavy drinking days or emotional symptoms.
Morissette
Sandra B
SB
VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Boston University Department of Psychology, USA. Electronic address: Sandra.Morissette@va.gov.
Gulliver
Suzy B
SB
Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, USA; Texas A&M, USA.
Kamholz
Barbara W
BW
VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA; Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
Duade
James
J
Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
Farchione
Todd
T
Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
Devine
Eric
E
Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
Brown
Timothy A
TA
Boston University Department of Psychology, USA.
Barlow
David H
DH
Boston University Department of Psychology, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, USA.
Ciraulo
Domenic
D
Boston University School of Medicine, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, USA.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D055815:Young Adult
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride