title: A review of casualties during the Iraqi insurgency 2006--a British field hospital experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following the invasion of Iraq in April 2003, British and coalition forces have been conducting counter-insurgency operations in the country. As this conflict has evolved from asymmetric warfare, the mechanism and spectrum of injury sustained through hostile action (HA) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected on all casualties of HA who presented to the British Military Field Hospital Shaibah (BMFHS) between January and October 2006. The mechanism of injury, anatomical distribution, ICD-9 diagnosis and initial discharge information was recorded for each patient in a trauma database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 104 HA casualties during the study period. 18 were killed in action (KIA, 21%). Of the remaining 86 surviving casualties, a further three died of their wounds (DOW, 3.5%). The mean number of diagnoses per survivor was 2.70, and the mean number of anatomical regions injured was 2.38. Wounds to the extremities accounted for 67.8% of all injuries, a percentage consistent with battlefield injuries sustained since World War II. Open wounds and fractures were the most common diagnosis (73.8%) amongst survivors of HA. Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) accounted for the most common cause of injury amongst casualties (54%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injuries in conflict produce a pattern of injury that is not seen in routine UK surgical practice. In an era of increasing surgical sub-specialisation, the deployed surgeon needs to acquire and maintain a wide range of skills from a variety of surgical specialties. IEDs have become the modus operandi for terrorists. In the current global security situation, these tactics can be equally employed against civilian targets. Therefore, knowledge and training in the management of these injuries is relevant to both military and civilian surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, British Military Field Hospital Shaibah, Operation TELIC, BFPO 645, Iraq. arul49@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrisson
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lasrado
authors.forename: Michael P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054042:Bombs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D005107:Explosions; D005121:Extremities / Q000293:injuries; D006772:Hospitals, Military / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult