title: Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for radiotherapy: biological rationale and preclinical results.
abstract: Blocking the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) represents a role model for a successful biological targeting approach to improving outcomes after radiotherapy. This review summarizes data from several local tumour control experiments in which EGFR inhibitors were combined with radiation in FaDu human squamous cell carcinomas xenografted into nude mice. BIBX1382BS is an oral bioavailable inhibitor of the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. It was administered in different experimental settings: concurrent with fractionated radiotherapy, following completion of irradiation, and in the period between surgery and adjuvant irradiation. Despite beneficial effects on tumour growth, in none of these experimental settings did BIBX1382BS improve local tumour control. In contrast, cetuximab (Erbitux), an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the extracellular ligand-binding domain of EGFR, improved local tumour control when given concurrently with radiation. Results from a series of local tumour control experiments designed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of cetuximab suggest that multiple radiobiological mechanisms might contribute to the observed effects: decreased number of clonogenic tumour cells, increased cellular radiation sensitivity, decreased repopulation and improved reoxygenation of clonogenic tumour cells during the combined treatment. In summary, the data suggest that different classes of EGFR inhibitors may have a different potential to improve local tumour control after fractionated irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and OncoRay Centre for Radiation Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany. daniel.zips@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zips
authors.forename: Mechthild
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Ala
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaromina
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörfler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eicheler
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schütze
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gurtner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000068818:Cetuximab; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C423062:BIBX 1382BS; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000068818:Cetuximab