Judgement of hygienic quality of roughage in horse stables in Switzerland.
In 46 horse farms all over Switzerland, the hygienic quality of the roughage (including silages) was investigated. Therefore, a macroscopic examination as well as the microbial counts (bacteria, yeasts and moulds) was carried out. Further, the contents of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON) were determined. In all roughages, the dry matter (DM) content was measured and in silages additionally the pH was measured. Predominantly, the straw showed a lower hygienic quality than hay and silages. The LPS contents were significantly higher in straw than those in hay samples. The macroscopic examination and the microbial counts showed a tendency in the same direction. Eight straw samples and one hay sample with DON contamination were found. The silages showed a DM content with a median of 65.8%. The pH of those silages was between 4.3 and 5.9. Despite the high values of DM and pH, the silages showed mainly a high hygienic quality. In total, the hygienic standard of straw was worse than that of hay. This should be taken into account also in straw used as bedding as much as the hygienic quality of hay.
Wichert
B
B
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. bwichert@vetphys.unizh.ch
Nater
S
S
Wittenbrink
M M
MM
Wolf
P
P
Meyer
K
K
Wanner
M
M
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006736:Horses / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006920:Hygiene; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012820:Silage; D013557:Switzerland; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis
D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol