title: Crystal structure of the complex between programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L2.
abstract: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a member of the CD28/B7 superfamily that delivers negative signals upon interaction with its two ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2. The high-resolution crystal structure of the complex formed by the complete ectodomains of murine PD-1 and PD-L2 revealed a 1:1 receptor:ligand stoichiometry and displayed a binding interface and overall molecular organization distinct from that observed in the CTLA-4/B7 inhibitory complexes. Furthermore, our structure also provides insights into the association between PD-1 and PD-L1 and highlights differences in the interfaces formed by the two PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls) Mutagenesis studies confirmed the details of the proposed PD-1/PD-L binding interfaces and allowed for the design of a mutant PD-1 receptor with enhanced affinity. These studies define spatial and organizational constraints that control the localization and signaling of PD-1/PD-L complexes within the immunological synapse and provide a basis for manipulating the PD-1 pathways for immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lázár-Molnár
authors.forename: Qingrong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Erhu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Udupi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramagopal
authors.forename: Stanley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Nathenson
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Almo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008024:Ligands; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; C556978:Pdcd1lg2 protein, mouse; D010455:Peptides; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor