title: Use of subinguinal incision for microsurgical testicular biopsy during varicocelectomy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a subinguinal technique of microsurgical testicular biopsy performed during subinguinal varicocelectomy in men with nonobstructive azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Andrology laboratory at tertiary care hospital. Male infertility section, department of urology, at tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten azoospermic men with clinical varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subinguinal microsurgical testicular biopsy and microsurgical varicocele repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of subinguinal testicular biopsy during varicocele repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All testes were easily delivered through the subinguinal incision, and testicular biopsies were successfully performed under microscopic view. After a median follow-up of 9 months, none of the patients had any discomfort, pain, or presented with testicular atrophy. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. There was no incidence of wound infection or scrotal hematoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subinguinal approach is a safe and effective option for testicular biopsy during varicocele repair in men with nonobstructive azoospermia. This technique may be an attractive alternative to traditional biopsy because it obviates scrotal violation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. mcocuzza@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocuzza
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: Roberto Iglesias
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lucon
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hallak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult