title: Ethnicity and gestational diabetes in New York City, 1995-2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise the patterns of occurrence of gestational diabetes among a wide range of ethnic groups that reside in New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  Birth records and hospital discharge data were linked to more accurately assess the risk of gestational diabetes by ethnicity, compare risk in US-born to foreign-born women, and assess time trends.
  
  
  METHODS
  New York City.
  
  
  METHODS
  All singleton live births occurring between 1995 and 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable binomial regression analysis of ethnicity and gestational diabetes, yielding adjusted risk ratios with non-Hispanic white women as the referent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis of gestational diabetes on birth certificate or in hospital discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were modestly elevated for African-Americans and sub-Saharan Africans and somewhat higher (<2.0) for non-Hispanic Caribbeans, Hispanic Caribbeans, Central Americans, and South Americans. The aRR was 4.7 (95% CI = 4.6-4.9) for South Central Asians (with an absolute gestational diabetes risk of 14.3%), 2.8 (95% CI = 2.7-3.0) among South-East Asian and Pacific Islanders, and 2.3 (95% CI = 2.2-2.4) among East Asians. Among South Central Asians, the greatest risks were found for women from Bangladesh (aRR = 7.1, 95% CI = 6.8-7.3). Foreign-born women consistently had higher risk than US-born women. Risk for gestational diabetes increased over time among South Central Asians, some Hispanic groups, and African-Americans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk of gestational diabetes appears to vary markedly among ethnic groups, subject to potential artefacts associated with screening and diagnosis. These differences would have direct implications for health care and may suggest aetiologic hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. david.savitz@mssm.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Savitz
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Janevic
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Herring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000208:ethnology*; D004522:Educational Status; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology