title: Antipsychotics and diabetes: an age-related association.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported an association between anti-psychotic medications and diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between antipsychotic medications and diabetes in patients of different ages.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of a large health maintenance organization's drug claim database (3.7 million members) was performed. All patients treated with antipsychotic drugs during 1998-2004 were identified. Patients with diabetes were defined by a record of antidiabetic drug use during 2004. The prevalence of diabetes in different age groups treated with antipsychotics was compared with the prevalence of diabetes among enrollees in the same age groups not treated with antipsychotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 82,754 patients treated with antipsychotics, the association between diabetes and consumption of antipsychotics was strongest in the younger age groups and decreased with increasing age: for patients aged 0-24 years, OR 8.9 (95% CI 7.0 to 11.3); 25-44 years, OR 4.2 (95% CI 3.8 to 4.5); 45-54 years, OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.1); 55-64 years, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.4); and 65 years or older, OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.0). However, the risk associated with atypical antipsychotics was lower than the risk associated with typical antipsychotics, with ORs ranging from 0.7 in patients 0-24 years old to 0.3 in those 65 years or older.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antipsychotic drug use was associated with diabetes mellitus. This association was stronger in younger patients. In older adults, the difference was much smaller and, in some cases, there was no association. A lower risk was associated with atypical agents, as compared with typical antipsychotics. Clinicians should be aware that young adults treated with antipsychotics are at increased risk for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hammerman
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreiher
authors.forename: Shmuel H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Klang
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Munitz
authors.forename: Arnon D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Margalit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldfracht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents