title: Macrophage activation syndrome in 13 children with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition induced by chronic rheumatic diseases, especially systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) in childhood. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in 13 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory data of 13 SoJIA patients with MAS treated in our hospital from January 2003 to October 2007 were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 13 patients, 9 were boys and 4 girls aged from 5 months to 12 years. Clinical manifestations were of no typical characteristics including persistent fever, anemia, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymph-adenopathy, dysfunction of the liver, abnormal fat metabolism, and hemophagocytic cells in the bone marrow. Two patients experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome, two had mutiorgan failure, and three died. The perforin A91V (NCBI:SNP rs35947132) gene in 6 patients was normal. Glucocorticoid and immunoimpressive therapy were effective in all patients and plasmapheresis used in one severe patient was also effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAS is a serious complication of JIA, especially systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. It is essentially important to recognize and treat MAS earlier in order to lower the mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China. huasongz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hua-Song
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Yan-Dan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D055501:Macrophage Activation Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D054353:Perforin / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D054353:Perforin; D003907:Dexamethasone