title: [Protective effect of ischemia and diazoxide preconditioning on postischemic reperfused myocardium and possible mechanism thereof].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the protective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and diazoxide preconditioning (DPC) against myocardium ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hearts were taken out from 30 male Wistar rats and were divided randomly into 3 equal groups: I/R group undergoing 30-min equilibration perfusion and 30-min ischemia and then 60-min reperfusion, IPC group undergoing 10-min equilibration perfusion and then two cycles of 5 min ischemia interspersed with 5 min reperfusion prior to 30 min ischemia and a 60-min reperfusion, and DPC group undergoing 10-min equilibration perfusion and 2 cycles of 5 min of 100 microM diazoxide perfusion followed by 5-min drug-free period before the 30 min ischemia and 60-min reperfusion. Frozen sections of myocardium at the cardiac apex were made and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha). Ultrathin sections 70 nm thick were made and transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the structure of the mitochondria with the Flameng scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PGC-1alpha expression of the IPC and DPC groups were significantly higher than that of the I/R group (P<0.01 and P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in PGC-1alpha is expression between the IPC and DPC groups (P >0.05). The Flameng scores of the IPC and DPC groups were 0.44 +/- 0.13 and 0.47 +/- 0.10 respectively, both significantly higher than that of the I/R group (1.78 +/- 0.14, both P <0.01), however, there was no significant difference between IPC and DPC groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPC and DPC can protect myocyte mitochondria from the injury of ischemia/ reperfusion. The cardioprotective effects of IPC and DPC may be concerned with the activation and high expression of PGC-1alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, China. hanjs0216@sina.com
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: De-Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zeng-Wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003981:Diazoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C501429:Ppargc1a protein, rat; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009195:Peroxidase; D003981:Diazoxide