title: Threshold dose of piperonyl butoxide that induces reactive oxygen species-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
abstract: To determine the threshold dose of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) that induces hepatocellular tumor-promoting effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and drug-metabolizing enzymes that protect against ROS generation, partial hepatectomized rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5% PBO after an i.p. injection of N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. Histopathologically, Glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in rats given 0.25% PBO or higher. The formation of microsomal ROS in the liver was significantly increased in 0.25 and 0.5% PBO. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression of the CYP1A1, UDPGTr-2, and Mrp3 genes was significantly upregulated in rats given 0.03% PBO or higher. These results suggest that 0.25% is the threshold dose of PBO that induces ROS-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, although the CYP1A1 gene that is related to ROS generation and the UDPGTr-2 and Mrp3 genes that are involved in protection against ROS were induced in the livers of rats even at a PBO dose of 0.03%.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan. lauramh@pd6.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muguruma
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dewa
authors.forename: Jihei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saegusa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuno
authors.forename: Meilan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006498:Hepatectomy; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000633:toxicity*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide