The relations among cumulative risk, parenting, and behavior problems during early childhood.
BACKGROUND
This study examined relations among cumulative risk, nurturant and involved parenting, and behavior problems across early childhood.


METHODS
Cumulative risk, parenting, and behavior problems were measured in a sample of low-income toddlers participating in a family-centered program to prevent conduct problems.


RESULTS
Path analysis was utilized to examine longitudinal relations among these constructs, with results supporting an indirect effect of cumulative risk on externalizing and internalizing problems through nurturant and involved parenting.


CONCLUSIONS
Results highlight the importance of cumulative risk during early childhood, and particularly the effect that the level of contextual risk can have on the parenting context during this developmental period.
Trentacosta
Christopher J
CJ
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. ctrentacosta@yahoo.com
Hyde
Luke W
LW
Shaw
Daniel S
DS
Dishion
Thomas J
TJ
Gardner
Frances
F
Wilson
Melvin
M
D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009922:Oregon; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010414:Pennsylvania; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D014768:Virginia