International funding for malaria control in relation to populations at risk of stable Plasmodium falciparum transmission.
BACKGROUND
The international financing of malaria control has increased significantly in the last ten years in parallel with calls to halve the malaria burden by the year 2015. The allocation of funds to countries should reflect the size of the populations at risk of infection, disease, and death. To examine this relationship, we compare an audit of international commitments with an objective assessment of national need: the population at risk of stable Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in 2007.


RESULTS
The national distributions of populations at risk of stable P. falciparum transmission were projected to the year 2007 for each of 87 P. falciparum-endemic countries. Systematic online- and literature-based searches were conducted to audit the international funding commitments made for malaria control by major donors between 2002 and 2007. These figures were used to generate annual malaria funding allocation (in US dollars) per capita population at risk of stable P. falciparum in 2007. Almost US$1 billion are distributed each year to the 1.4 billion people exposed to stable P. falciparum malaria risk. This is less than US$1 per person at risk per year. Forty percent of this total comes from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Substantial regional and national variations in disbursements exist. While the distribution of funds is found to be broadly appropriate, specific high population density countries receive disproportionately less support to scale up malaria control. Additionally, an inadequacy of current financial commitments by the international community was found: under-funding could be from 50% to 450%, depending on which global assessment of the cost required to scale up malaria control is adopted.


CONCLUSIONS
Without further increases in funding and appropriate targeting of global malaria control investment it is unlikely that international goals to halve disease burdens by 2015 will be achieved. Moreover, the additional financing requirements to move from malaria control to malaria elimination have not yet been considered by the scientific or international community.
Snow
Robert W
RW
Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, Kenyan Medical Research Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. rsnow@nairobi.kemri-wellcome.org
Guerra
Carlos A
CA
Mutheu
Juliette J
JJ
Hay
Simon I
SI
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000191:economics*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000191:economics; D014943:Global Health; D007391:International Cooperation; D017780:Malaria Vaccines / Q000191:economics*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity; D011153:Population; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000191:economics; D012307:Risk Factors
D000962:Antimalarials; D017780:Malaria Vaccines