title: The factors that induce or overcome freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Freezing of gait (FoG), a transient halt in walking, is a major mobility problem for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined the factors that induce FoG, and identified the cues and strategies that help overcome it through a postal survey of 130 PD patients. 72% reported FoG. The factors that commonly induced FoG were turning, fatigue, confined spaces and stressful situations, in addition to emotional factors. FoG was also ameliorated by various attentional and external cueing strategies. The concept of paradoxical kinesis, the potential neural substrates of such external cueing effects, and their importance for rehabilitation in PD are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahanshahi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D005221:Fatigue / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D013037:Spatial Behavior; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*