title: Effects of ultra-marathon on circulating DNA and mRNA expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in mononuclear cells.
abstract: We investigated the effects of an ultra-marathon on cell-free plasma DNA as well as on mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, Bad), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and cell-protective (Hsp70, Hsp27 and Hsp32) genes in mononuclear blood cells (MNCs). Blood samples were drawn from 14 athletes before and immediately after 6-h run. In addition, blood samples were also collected and analyzed 2 and 24 h after the end of the run. Levels of plasma DNA were significantly increased immediately after the marathon (P < 0.001) and were still higher 2 h later (P < 0.005), but significantly lower than those immediately after the race (P < 0.05). Cell-free plasma DNA returned to pre-race levels 24 h after the run. mRNA expressions of Hsp70, Hsp32 and Bax significantly increased in MNCs after the race, whereas Hsp27 and Bad mRNA expression levels showed no significant changes. Bcl-2 expressions decreased immediately after the race (P < 0.001), but increased in the 24 h later (P < 0.05). We conclude that apoptotic ladders of cell-free DNA following exhaustive exercise originate from apoptotic cells and that not only skeletal muscle cells but also leukocytes contribute to this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Kundratstrasse 3, Vienna, Austria. johanna.atamaniuk@wienkav.at
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atamaniuk
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stuhlmeier
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidotto
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschan
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dossenbach-Glaninger
authors.forename: Mathias M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D004247:DNA; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1