title: Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to identify the source of bacterial contamination of peripheral blood progenitor cell products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive microbial cultures of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products, although estimated to be low, are serious events in the manufacture of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) products that warrant a thorough investigation to determine the contamination source.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients underwent autologous PBPC collection. The first patient was admitted before the collection and was febrile intermittently throughout hospitalization. The second patient spiked a low-grade fever by the end of the procedure. The HPC products from each patient were cultured during processing and before infusion. Blood cultures were drawn during febrile episodes and before transplant. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibilities were performed on all positive cultures. All strains were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine their relatedness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood cultures from both patients and their corresponding HPC products grew Staphylococcus epidermidis. The PFGE pattern of the S. epidermidis recovered from each patient blood was indistinguishable from the one recovered from the corresponding HPC product. The gel pattern of the strains recovered from the first patient differed by four bands from the one recovered from the second. For each patient, the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the blood cultures and the HPC products were identical. Infusion of the contaminated HPC had no adverse event, and the patients engrafted successfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By use of PFGE technology, the contamination source of PBPC products was identified. It is concluded that the contamination resulted from intermittent bacteremia in the donors and was not introduced during laboratory manufacturing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ros9085@nyp.org
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reich-Slotky
authors.forename: Fann
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Della-Latta
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000382:microbiology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018962:Phlebotomy; D011292:Premedication; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents