title: A mesoporous 3D hybrid material with dual functionality for Hg2+ detection and adsorption.
abstract: Dual-function hybrid material U1 was designed for simultaneous chromofluorogenic detection and removal of Hg(2+) in an aqueous environment. Mesoporous material UVM-7 (MCM41 type) with homogeneously distributed pores of about 2-3 nm in size, a large specific surface area exceeding 1000 m(2) g(-1), and nanoscale particles was used as an inorganic support. The mesoporous solid is decorated with thiol groups that were treated with squaraine dye III to give a 2,4-bis(4-dialkylaminophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-alkylsulfanylcyclobut-2-enone (APC) derivative that is covalently anchored to the inorganic silica matrix. The solid was characterised by various techniques including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption. This hybrid solid is the chemodosimeter for Hg(2+) detection. Hg(2+) reacts with the APC fragment in U1 with release of the squaraine dye into the solution, which turns deep blue and fluoresces strongly. Naked-eye Hg(2+) detection is thus accomplished in an easy-to-use procedure. In contrast, U1 remains silent in the presence of other thiophilic transition metal ions, alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, or anions ubiquitously present in water such as chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and phosphate. Material U1 acts not only as chemodosimeter that signals the presence of Hg(2+) down to parts-per-billion concentrations, but at the same time is also an excellent adsorbent for the removal of mercury cations from aqueous solutions. The amount of adsorbed mercury ranges from 0.7 to 1.7 mmol g(-1), depending on the degree of functionalisation. In addition, hybrid material U1 can be regenerated for both sensing and removal purposes. As far as we know, U1 is the first example of a promising new class of polyfunctional hybrid supports that can be used as both remediation and alarm systems by selective signalling and removal of target species of environmental importance. Model compounds based on silica gel (G1), fumed silica (F1), and micrometre-sized MCM-41 scaffolds (M1) were also prepared and studied for comparative purposes.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, E-46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Ros-Lis
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casasús
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comes
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Máñez
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sancenón
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amorós
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: El Haskouri
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garró
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rurack
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017646:Organosilicon Compounds; C533577:UVM-7 compound; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D008628:Mercury