title: [Situation of epidemic prevention in the late Qing dynasty in Shanghai].
abstract: To study the implementation of the epidemic prevention by the authorities of the concession and late Qing dynasty through investigation of the prevention and treatment of pestilence in Shanghai from 1872 to 1911, this paper analyzes the issues concerning municipal administration, inspection and disinfection, food sanitation, vaccination, regulatory legislation and health promotion, etc. The experiences are summarized in the study. The lessons drawn from what the concession authority did to prevent pestilence imply that the implementation of health promotion should be carried out according to the variation of the time, location and population, and that traditional Chinese medicine should be involved in the prevention and treatment of pestilence.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Literature, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors.forename: Mei-hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao-tao
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen-zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yong-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000266:history*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000266:history*; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence