title: The association between heart rate variability and cognitive impairment in middle-aged men and women. The Whitehall II cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the relationship between reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive function in middle-aged adults in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  HRV, in both time and frequency domains, and cognitive functioning were measured twice in 5,375 male and female participants of the UK Whitehall II study (mean ages = 55 and 61 years, respectively). Logistic regression was used to model associations between HRV and cognition [short-term verbal memory, reasoning (Alice Heim 4-I), vocabulary, phonemic and semantic fluency]. Cross-sectional associations were assessed at both waves, and longitudinal associations were measured as changes in cognition over the 5-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No consistent associations were found in men or women, either in the cross-sectional, prospective or the longitudinal analyses of declines in cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced cardiovascular autonomic function does not contribute to cognitive impairment in this middle-aged population. Further studies are needed to verify the potential role of HRV measures in predicting the degeneration of cognitive function at older ages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK. a.britton@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Britton
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh-Manoux
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hnatkova
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shipley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom