SLC28 genes and concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) proteins.
The human concentrative nucleoside transporter (hCNT) protein family has three members, hCNT1, 2, and 3, encoded by SLC28A1, A2, and A3 genes, respectively. hCNT1 and hCNT2 translocate pyrimidine- and purine-nucleosides, respectively, by a sodium-dependent mechanism, whereas hCNT3 shows broad substrate selectivity and the unique ability of translocating nucleosides both in a sodium- and a proton-coupled manner. hCNT proteins are also responsible for the uptake of most nucleoside-derived antiviral and anticancer drugs. Thus, hCNTs are key pharmacological targets. This review focuses on several crucial aspects of hCNT biology and pharmacology: protein structure-function, structural determinants for transportability, pharmacogenetics of hCNT-encoding genes, role of hCNT proteins in nucleoside-based therapeutics, and finally hCNT physiology.
Pastor-Anglada
M
M
Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mpastor@ub.edu
Cano-Soldado
P
P
Errasti-Murugarren
E
E
Casado
F J
FJ
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001692:Biological Transport; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005810:Multigene Family; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011684:Purine Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011684:Purine Nucleosides; D011741:Pyrimidine Nucleosides; C065171:cif nucleoside transporter