title: Effects of electrical stimulation at different frequencies on regeneration of transected peripheral nerve.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrical stimulation of damaged peripheral nerve may aid regeneration.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether 1 mA of percutaneous electrical stimulation at 1, 2, 20, or 200 Hz augments regeneration between the proximal and distal nerve stumps.
  
  
  METHODS
  A10-mm gap was made in rat sciatic nerve by suturing the stumps into silicone rubber tubes. A control group received no stimulation. Starting 1 week after transection, electrical stimulation was applied between the cathode placed at the distal stump and the anode at the proximal stump every other day for 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher frequency stimulation led to less regeneration compared to lower frequencies. Quantitative histology of the successfully regenerated nerves revealed that the groups receiving electrical treatment, especially at 2 Hz, had a more mature structure with a smaller cross-sectional area, more myelinated fibers, higher axon density, and higher ratio of blood vessel to total nerve area compared with the controls. Electrophysiology showed significantly shorter latency, longer duration, and faster conduction velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical stimulation can have either a positive or negative impact on peripheral nerve regeneration. Clinical trials that combine stimulation with rehabilitation must determine the parameters that are most likely to be safe and effective.
authors.affiliation: School of Post Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Chien-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Sheng-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Han-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jia-Horng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chun-Hsu
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yueh-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012828:Silicones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones