title: Quality of life among women after surgery for ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Difficulties with diagnosis and aggressive, long-term treatment may result in lower quality of life (QOL), including high levels of anxiety, depression, and uncertainty, greater symptom distress, and lower overall QOL among women with ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, clinical, and other risk factors associated with compromised QOL among women who have undergone surgery for ovarian malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited to participate in a clinical trial that tested a specialized nursing intervention addressing psychological and physical care among women post-surgical for ovarian cancer. QOL was measured using five standardized self-report measures: the State-Trait Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), the Symptom Distress Scale (SDS), and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Baseline data were collected while women were hospitalized following surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample (n=145) included women with ovarian cancer (58%) and other cancers metastasized to the ovaries and abdomen (42%). Mean scores on the measures were consistent with or higher than previously reported means for similar populations. Women reporting the lowest QOL were more likely to be younger, more educated, and have early stage disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who have undergone surgery for ovarian malignancies have psychological needs that are often considered secondary to physical needs. Interventions should include routine screening for distress and referral to appropriate psychological and social services, thereby facilitating quality cancer care.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut 06536-0740, USA. dena.schulman-green@yale.edu
authors.forename: Dena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schulman-Green
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ercolano
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCorkle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D019529:Sexuality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires