title: Corneal re-epithelialization stimulated by diadenosine polyphosphates recruits RhoA/ROCK and ERK1/2 pathways.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of ERK1/2 and RhoA/ROCK intracellular pathways in the modification of corneal re-epithelialization when stimulated by the diadenosine polyphosphates Ap(4)A and Ap(3)A.
  
  
  METHODS
  In wounded confluent SIRC (Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea) cell monolayers and in the presence or absence of Ap(4)A or Ap(3)A 100 microM, a battery of P2 receptor antagonists and inhibitors of tyrosin kinases, MAPK, and cytoskeleton pathways (AG1478 100 microM, U0126 100 microM, Y27632 100 nM, and (-)-blebbistatin 10 microM; n = 8 each) were assayed. Also, the activation of ERK1/2 and ROCK-I was examined by Western blot assay after treatment with Ap(4)A and Ap(3)A (100 microM), with or without suramin, RB-2, U0126, and Y27632. The intracellular distribution of pERK and ROCK-I was examined in the presence of Ap(4)A or Ap(3)A (100 microM) with U0126 and Y27632 (100 nM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of Ap(4)A, U0126, Y27632, AG1478, and (-)-blebbistatin, reduced the migration rate compared to the effect of Ap(4)A alone (P < 0.0001, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.1 versus Ap(4)A, respectively). In the presence of Ap(3)A 100 microM, U0126 and Y27632 accelerated the migration rate when compared with the effect of Ap(3)A alone, whereas AG1478 and (-)-blebbistatin (P < 0.0001 versus Ap(3)A) slowed the migration rate. Western blot assays demonstrated that both dinucleotides activated the ERK1/2 pathway but only Ap(4)A activated the ROCK-I pathway. The intracellular distribution of pERK1/2 and ROCK-I reflected cross-talk between these two pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of the Ap(4)A/P2Y(2) receptor, accelerates corneal epithelial cell migration during wound healing with the activation of MAPK and cytoskeleton pathways, whereas activation of the Ap(3)A/P2Y(6) receptor signals only the MAPK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Departamentos de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mediero
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guzmán-Aranguez
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crooke
authors.forename: Assumpta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peral
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pintor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D003315:Cornea / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; C012276:diadenosine pyrophosphate; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3