title: Multicentre, parallel-group, comparative trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of sugammadex in patients with end-stage renal failure or normal renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sugammadex, a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, is the first selective relaxant binding agent that specifically encapsulates the steroidal neuromuscular blocking agent, rocuronium. The action of rocuronium is prolonged in patients with renal failure. As sugammadex is primarily cleared renally, this phase III trial investigated the efficacy and safety of sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block (NMB) in patients with end-stage renal failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adult patients were studied: 15 renally impaired [creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) <30 ml min(-1)] and 15 controls (CL(CR)>80 ml min(-1)). Anaesthesia was induced and maintained using i.v. opiates and propofol. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed by acceleromyography and train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation. Rocuronium (0.6 mg kg(-1)) was given, followed by a single i.v. dose of sugammadex (2.0 mg kg(-1)) at reappearance of the second twitch of the TOF. The primary efficacy variable was time from administration of sugammadex to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9. Safety variables included clinical evidence of reoccurrence of NMB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After sugammadex administration, the mean (sd) time to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9 was 2.0 (0.72) min in renal patients and 1.65 (0.63) min in controls (NS). Recurrence of NMB was not observed in any patient. No sugammadex-related serious adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sugammadex administered at reappearance of T(2) rapidly and effectively reverses NMB induced by rocuronium in renal failure and healthy patients. Sugammadex was well tolerated by all patients. Further safety studies on sugammadex in patients with severe renal impairment are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. l.staals@anes.umcn.nl
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Staals
authors.forename: M M J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Flockton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heeringa
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000732:Androstanols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077123:Rocuronium; D000077122:Sugammadex; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins; D000077122:Sugammadex; D000077123:Rocuronium