title: Endocrine sequelae of cancer and cancer treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to cancer and its treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, may result in late adverse effects including endocrine dysfunction. Endocrine disorders are the most commonly reported long-term complications of cancer treatment, especially by adult survivors of childhood cancers. This review will explore the endocrinologic adverse effects from non-endocrine cancer therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches including various Internet-based medical search engines such as PubMed, Medline Plus, and Google Scholar were conducted for published articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred sixty-nine journal articles met the inclusion criteria. They included case reports, systematic analyses, and cohort reports. Endocrine disorders including hypothalamus dysfunction, hypopituitarism, syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, diabetes insipidus, growth hormone disorders, hyperprolactinemia, gonadotropin deficiency, serum thyroid hormone-binding protein abnormalities, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypomagnesium, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, adrenal dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and glycosuria were identified and their association with cancer therapies were outlined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The journal articles have highlighted the association of cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, with endocrine dysfunction. Some of the dysfunctions were more often experienced than others. Especially in patients treated with radiotherapy, some endocrinologic disorders were progressive in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition and awareness of endocrine sequelae of cancer treatments may permit for early detection and appropriate follow-up care for cancer survivors, thus improving their overall health and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 435, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Stava
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Rena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulou-Sellin
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006058:Gonadal Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000209:etiology; D007027:Hypothalamic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010279:Parathyroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017741:Survivors; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents