title: Survivin gene-expression and splicing isoforms in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein and a cell cycle regulator, has been detected in the majority of human cancers. Five splice variants (survivin, survivin-2alpha, survivin-2B, survivin-3B, and survivin-DeltaEx3) have been identified; their expressions have been investigated here.
  
  
  METHODS
  By means of RT real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we have evaluated survivin isoform expressions at both mRNA and protein levels in human normal oral tissue, precancerous lesions, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Their correlations with the pathological findings have also been analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression levels of all survivin transcript variants were markedly elevated in OSCC when compared to normal tissues. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant up-regulation of survivin (P = 0.001), survivin-DeltaEx3 (P = 0.001) and survivin-2B (P = 0.004), whereas survivin-3B showed a minor increase in OSCC compared to normal mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that survivin isoforms deregulation may have significant implications in tumor aggressiveness and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pannone
authors.forename: Pantaleo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bufo
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serpico
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metafora
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: Silvana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Papagerakis
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staibano
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santarelli
authors.forename: Maria Ada
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mariggiò
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Russo
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077022:Survivin