title: Variability in response to cardiovascular drugs.
abstract: Cardiovascular drugs are characterized by wide inter-individual variability in dose/plasma concentration/ response (therapeutic and/or toxic) relationships. Therefore, some patients achieve good therapeutic response to their drug therapy, while others do not. Also, some patients experience adverse effects, which vary from mild to life-threatening. The source of variability in patients' response to cardiovascular drugs may be of pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic origin. Many factors can potentially affect both of them such as genetics, gender, age, disease state, environmental factors like smoking and food, possible drug-drug interactions, and ethnicity (race). Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics is a new field that focus on the roles of genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and drug targets in development of variable drug response.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. ehegypt@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ehab S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: El Desoky
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Derendorf
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klotz
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics