title: Flow-compensated self-gating.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-gating (SG) is a method to record cardiac movement during MR imaging. It uses information from an additional short, non-spatially encoded data acquisition. This usually lengthens TE and increases the sensitivity to flow artifacts. A new flow compensation scheme optimized for self-gating sequences is introduced that has very little or no time penalty over self-gating sequences without flow compensation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three variants of a self-gated 2D spoiled gradient echo or fast low angle shot (FLASH) sequence were implemented: without (noFC), with a conventional, serial (cFC), and with a new, time-efficient flow compensation (sFC). In experiments on volunteers and small animals, the sequence variants were compared with regard to the SG signal and the flow artifacts in the images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cFC and sFC reduce flow artifacts in cardiac images. The SG signal of the sFC is more sensitive to physiological motion, so that a cardiac trigger can be extracted more precisely as in cFC. In a typical setting for small animal imaging, sFC technique reduces the echo/repetition time over cFC by about 23%/14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time-efficient sFC technique provides flow-compensated images with cardiac triggering in both volunteers and small animals.
authors.affiliation: Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deimling
authors.forename: Wolfhard
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Semmler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bock
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009068:Movement; D055815:Young Adult