title: Impact of traditional therapies and biologics on cardiovascular diseases in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: In chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic inflammation appears as an independent risk factor, contributing to increased cardiovascular mortality. This high cardiovascular mortality reveals the existence of accelerated atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of which may be associated with traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, deterioration of insulin sensitivity, and less traditional risk factors such as hyperhomocysteinemia, inflammatory conditions and endothelial dysfunction. Control of systemic inflammation theoretically provides a means of preventing this higher cardiovascular mortality among RA patients. In this review we address the question of the impact of anti-rheumatic drugs currently used in RA, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. non-selective or cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors), steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (glucocorticoids), traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (e.g. methotrexate) or biologics (e.g. anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha) on cardiovascular diseases in RA patients. We also discuss the specific mechanisms involved in the differential cardiovascular effects of these therapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Larrey University Hospital, Rheumatology Department, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Frédéric
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantagrel
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Constantin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors