title: In-out catheterization of young children with suspected urinary tract infection: a retrospective journal study.
abstract: It is important that pediatric nurses know that the methods they use are reliable and the most appropriate for the child's security and well being. In-out catheterization is a sterile invasive method to obtain a urine sample in young children. To confirm this as a reliable method, a study of medical records from 61 children ages 0 to 24 months with suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) was performed. Each child had produced both a urine sample from an adhesive bag and a urine sample from in-out catheterization. Dipsticks were taken from both samples; and the methods were compared with kappa analysis. Cultures were obtained from the catheter urine. UTI was verified as a growth in the catheter urine in 32 out of 61 children. Catheterized samples of urine with 3+ or 4+ of leucocytes all had a growth of bacteria in the culture. This examination of medical records showed that in-out catheterization is a reliable method to use to confirm UTIs in children 0 to 24 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Halmstad Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
authors.forename: Britt-Mari
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Gilljam
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000451:nursing; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D002666:Psychology, Child; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016482:Urinalysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D011934:Reagent Strips