title: Impact of a patent foramen ovale on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is located at the anterior and superior part of the anatomical interatrial septum, the area that is targeted during transseptal puncture. This study sought to investigate the impact of accessing the left atrium via a PFO on paroxysmal AF ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2004, 203 patients (55 +/- 11 years) underwent catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF (80 +/- 71 months), with the endpoint being electrical isolation of all pulmonary veins (PV) and AF noninducibility. The presence of a PFO was determined by both transesophageal echocardiography and catheter probing. Procedural difficulty was evaluated by radiofrequency (RF), procedural, and fluoroscopic durations. Clinical follow-up was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A PFO was detected in 27 patients (13%) by transesophageal echocardiography and in 22 additional patients (total 49 patients, 24%), by catheter probing (P < 0.001). A PFO was associated with longer total RF applications (57 +/- 19 vs 51 +/- 18 min, P = 0.04) and RF applications to isolate the PVs (42 +/- 16 vs 35 +/- 12 min, P = 0.001). Procedural and fluoroscopic times were unaffected. Seventy-three patients (36%) required a second procedure; there was no difference in the number of PV reconnections (1.3 vs 1.8 veins, P = NS). After a mean follow-up of 19 +/- 9 months, 194/203 patients (96%) were free of AF, with no difference in patients in whom a PFO had been used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although isolation of PVs is longer, overall procedural duration and success is not affected when using a PFO compared with a transseptal puncture. The presence of a PFO is underestimated by transesophageal echocardiography with brachial injection when compared with catheter probing.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque and the Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France. sebastien.knecht@chu-brugmann.be
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knecht
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lellouche
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nault
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lomas
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deplagne
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bordachar
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sacher
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Derval
authors.forename: Mélèze
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hocini
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaïs
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clémenty
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haïssaguerre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult