title: Effects of amino acids on malarial heme crystallization.
abstract: To gain insight into the mechanism of malarial hemozoin formation and to explore various biological groups for screening novel antimalarial drugs, we examined the effects of amino acids on the formation of beta-hematin (BH), which is a synthetic heme crystal structurally identical to hemozoin, in vitro. Our results showed that BH formation was significantly inhibited by basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and histidine), probably due to the abilities of these amino acids to complex with heme. The results suggest an involvement in the improvement of the blood-schizonticidal activity of 8-quinolinamine when conjugated with basic amino acids. In addition, cysteine also inhibited BH formation, possibly due to its ability to reduce heme iron or decompose heme in acidic conditions. In contrast, BH formation was enhanced by amino acids with high hydrophobicity values (leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, and phenylalanine), with the exception of tryptophan at high temperature but was not affected in Tween-induced BH formation under normal physiological conditions. The present results can lead to further research on the development of new antimalarials by conjugating these amino acids, especially basic amino acids, with other substances, or by forming complex or small peptides that could have special effects on BH formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Dinh Thanh
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Uyen
authors.forename: Nguyen Tien
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Huy
authors.forename: Dai Thi Xuan
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Trang
authors.forename: Nguyen Thanh Thuy
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nhien
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oida
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Shigeharu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Kaeko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamei
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003460:Crystallization; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry*; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006427:Hemin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008288:Malaria / Q000097:blood*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D006420:Hemeproteins; D011136:Polysorbates; D012996:Solutions; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C020753:hemozoin; D006418:Heme; D006427:Hemin; D003545:Cysteine