title: In vitro effect of amikacin on rat and human detrusor muscle contraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal and abnormal bladder contractions are principally mediated by acetylcholine released from postganglionic parasympathetic nerves. Since amikacin was reported to affect neurotransmission by a prejunctional mechanism, we investigated the effect of amikacin on isolated detrusor smooth muscle contraction to further evaluate its potential relaxant properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detrusor smooth muscle obtained from 15 rats and 8 patients undergoing surgery were studied through measurement of isometric muscular contraction induced with electrical field stimulation (EFS) (10-60 Hz), carbachol (10(-7) to 10(-3)M) and nicotine (10(-7) to 10(-3)M) in the presence or absence of 1 mM amikacin in a low-Ca medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amikacin (1 mM) significantly reduced EFS-induced contraction of isolated rat and human detrusor muscle by 33 +/- 6.57% (p < 0.005) and 40 +/- 1.14% (p < 0.001), respectively. Contraction was restored after addition of calcium chloride (1 mM). The effect of amikacin was comparable to that of magnesium ions. Rat and human detrusor contractile response to nicotine was inhibited by 70 +/- 8.27% (p < 0.001) and 64 +/- 14.09% (p < 0.01) after the addition of amikacin (1 mM), while no significant effect was observed on carbachol-induced stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amikacin significantly inhibited detrusor contraction evoked by prejunctional stimulation in vitro, suggesting a depressant effect on autonomic neurotransmission in urinary bladder.
authors.affiliation: Urology Clinic, Catholic University, Medical School, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ragazzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Totaro
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bassi
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000378:metabolism; D002217:Carbachol / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009538:Nicotine; D000583:Amikacin; D002217:Carbachol; D002122:Calcium Chloride