title: Rhinoplasty for African American patients: a retrospective review of 75 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine satisfaction, change in self-esteem, and maintenance of ethnic characteristics in African American patients after rhinoplasty. Patients African American male (n = 21) and female (n = 54) patients aged 14 through 58 years (mean, 33.8 years) who underwent rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open structure rhinoplasty, using the 3-tiered approach, was performed on all 75 patients. An anonymous questionnaire addressed postoperative patient satisfaction, maintenance of ethnic characteristics, self-esteem, and nasofacial harmony. The rate of complications was determined by medical record review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a scale of 1 to 5 (1, no change; 5, complete change), patients reported a significant degree of preservation of ethnic characteristics (mean, 2.3), high self-esteem (mean, 4.3), and very high satisfaction (mean, 4.6) and facial harmony (mean, 4.3) postoperatively (P < .001 for all). The overall complication rate was 2.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In African American patients, 3-tiered open structure rhinoplasty yields high patient satisfaction with a minimal rate of major complications.
authors.affiliation: Aesthetic Facial Surgery Center of New York and New Jersey, 44 E 65th St, Ste 1A, New York, NY 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Oleh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slupchynskyj
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gieniusz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012649:Self Concept