title: Patch-test results of an academic department in Izmir, Turkey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the development of industry, the numbers of allergens are increasing, and the frequency of these allergens show variations from country to country. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the distribution of patch-test results by age, gender, and occupation in our region.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, the patch-test results of 3,017 patients were evaluated. The results were statistically examined by frequency of age, gender, and occupation. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for statistical evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3,017 patients, 1,975 (65.5%) were female and 1,042 (34.5%) were male. Their ages ranged from 5 to 85 years (mean, 40.38 +/-14.69 years). In 944 (31.3%) patients, at least one positive reaction to an allergen was observed. The allergens that most commonly caused positive reactions were nickel sulfate (12.2%), cobalt chloride (7.1%), potassium dichromate (5.6%), and balsam of Peru (2.8%). Balsam of Peru and nickel were the most common allergens in female patients older than 45 years and in female patients younger than 35 years, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride were found to be the most common allergens. The most frequently seen allergens were nickel sulfate (in females) and fragrance (in males).
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ilgen
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ertam
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turkmen
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001453:Balsams / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects; D010328:Patch Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000009:adverse effects; D011192:Potassium Dichromate / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D001453:Balsams; D010476:Perfume; D003035:Cobalt; C029938:nickel sulfate; D009532:Nickel; C025080:Peruvian balsam; C018021:cobaltous chloride; D011192:Potassium Dichromate