title: Cross-cultural validation of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Psychosocial questionnaire (SCOPA-PS) in four Latin American countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a cross-national validation of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-PsychoSocial questionnaire (SCOPA-PS) in four Latin American Countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data quality (missing items), scale assumptions (item-test correlation), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, item homogeneity), factor structure, content validity, and precision (standard error of measurement, SEM) of the scale were explored, as was convergent validity with motor symptoms (Clinical Impression of Severity Index [CISI-PD], Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Motor Scale), emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and health-related quality of life (Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39). Known-groups validity was studied by category of severity, based on Hoehn and Yahr staging (HY), CISI-PD, and disease duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred thirty-one Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with usable data participated (mean age 64.7 years; 42.3% female; mean PD duration 8.5 years; HY, 1 to 5). Data quality (missing items <10%), scale assumptions (item-total correlation = 0.43 - 0.71) and internal consistency of SCOPA-PS (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; item homogeneity = 0.38) were satisfactory. Factor analysis suggested a unifactorial structure. High convergent validity was found for depression (r(S) = 0.61), anxiety (r(S) = 0.62), and health-related quality of life (r(S) = 0.82). Known-groups validity analyses indicated a gradual influence of severity category and disease duration on SCOPA-PS scores (P < 0.0001). SEM value was 8.24 (7 to 12 in previous studies). These magnitudes may be indicative of the threshold for a real change and a minimum important difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Latin American versions of the SCOPA-PS displayed appropriate psychometric attributes.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain. jvirues@isciii.es
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virués-Ortega
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Carod-Artal
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano-Dueñas
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Galeano
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meza-Rojas
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D054521:Cultural Competency; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003863:Depression; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013020:South America; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome