title: Adenosine receptor subtypes in the airways responses to 5'-adenosine monophosphate inhalation of sensitized guinea-pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endogenous adenosine levels are raised in the lungs during asthma attacks. 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) inhalation in asthmatics causes bronchoconstriction and in sensitized guinea-pigs induces early (EAR) and late asthmatic responses (LAR), airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) adenosine receptors in these responses to inhaled 5'-AMP in sensitized guinea-pigs. Comparisons were made with the effect of dexamethasone treatment on 5'-AMP-induced responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional airways responses to inhaled 5'-AMP (3 and 300 mM) of actively sensitized, conscious guinea-pigs were determined by whole-body plethysmography following administration of selective adenosine receptor antagonists or their vehicles. AHR to inhaled histamine (1 mM) and inflammatory cell influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5'-AMP at 3 mM caused an immediate bronchoconstriction (EAR), whereas 300 mM caused bronchodilatation. Both responses were followed at 6 h by a LAR, together with inflammatory cell influx and AHR to histamine. The A(2A) receptor antagonist, ZM241385, further enhanced cell influx after 5'-AMP inhalation (3 and 300 mM), and blocked the immediate bronchodilator response to 300 mM 5'-AMP, exposing an EAR. The A(2B) receptor antagonist, MRS1706 (in the presence of ZM241385), inhibited the LAR, AHR and cell influx, following inhalation of 5'-AMP (300 mM). The A(3) receptor antagonist, MRS1220, inhibited 5'-AMP-induced inflammatory cell influx. The A(1) receptor antagonist, DPCPX (in the presence of ZM241385), inhibited the EAR following 5'-AMP inhalation (300 mM). Dexamethasone inhibited the LAR, AHR and cell influx following inhalation of 5'-AMP (300 mM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All four adenosine receptor subtypes play various roles in the airways responses to inhaled 5'-AMP in sensitized guinea-pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Broadley
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007114:Immunization; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C110041:9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-5-phenylacetylamino(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazoline; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; C496145:N-(4-acetylphenyl)-2-(4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)phenoxy)acetamide; D058915:Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; D011687:Purines; D011799:Quinazolines; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; D014970:Xanthines; C097270:ZM 241385; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D003907:Dexamethasone; C051360:1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine