title: Building a spindle of the correct length in human cells requires the interaction between TPX2 and Aurora A.
abstract: To assemble mitotic spindles, cells nucleate microtubules from a variety of sources including chromosomes and centrosomes. We know little about how the regulation of microtubule nucleation contributes to spindle bipolarity and spindle size. The Aurora A kinase activator TPX2 is required for microtubule nucleation from chromosomes as well as for spindle bipolarity. We use bacterial artificial chromosome-based recombineering to introduce point mutants that block the interaction between TPX2 and Aurora A into human cells. TPX2 mutants have very short spindles but, surprisingly, are still bipolar and segregate chromosomes. Examination of microtubule nucleation during spindle assembly shows that microtubules fail to nucleate from chromosomes. Thus, chromosome nucleation is not essential for bipolarity during human cell mitosis when centrosomes are present. Rather, chromosome nucleation is involved in spindle pole separation and setting spindle length. A second Aurora A-independent function of TPX2 is required to bipolarize spindles.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany. bird@mpi-cbg.de
authors.forename: Alexander W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hyman
mesh_terms: D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C122167:TPX2 protein, human; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases