title: The use of an oral brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis in the evaluation of oral lesions: a study of 94 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of modified brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis in the detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four patients attending outpatient clinics who exhibited oral lesions suspicious of premalignancy or malignancy were enrolled. All patients underwent an oral brush biopsy using a baby toothbrush followed by a scalpel biopsy. The specimens were analyzed manually in a double-blinded fashion. Sensitivity and specificity were used for the statistical analysis of the samples. Statistical significance was determined using the normal approximation to the binomial distribution of matched results, approximated by the Student t distribution mean test (paired t test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine patients with adequate transepithelial brush biopsy samples were included in the study group. When compared to scalpel biopsy, the statistical sensitivity of the brush biopsy was greater than 76.8% (P < .05) while the statistical specificity was greater than 93.3% (P < .05). There were 4 false negative brush biopsy cases. The 4 false negative patients turned out to be dysplasia/ malignancy on histopathology. All 4 were patients with clinical oral submucous fibrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oral brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis was found to be a painless, noninvasive test for evaluating oral lesions. The toothbrush brush biopsy with manual analysis had much [corrected] lower sensitivity and specificity than the commercially available oral brush biopsy with computer-assisted analysis. The results demonstrate that by using a toothbrush to obtain an oral brush biopsy sample, oral lesions can be easily evaluated in a resource challenged settings to rule out dysplasia and carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India. rm8509@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Mayank Kumar
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shruti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004919:Erythroplasia / Q000473:pathology; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000473:pathology; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation