title: Child sexual abuse in clinical and forensic psychiatry: a review of recent literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review papers from the recent literature on child sexual abuse and to highlight the clinical and forensic issues raised and how these have been addressed. Also, to identify new demands and recommend future research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The validity of forensic evaluations depends on the quality of the protocols used and the training of the forensic mental health practitioners involved. Diagnosis of child sexual abuse still depends mainly on the child's allegation of abuse, while anogenital examination yields minimal medical evidence of sexual abuse. The relationship between child sexual abuse and victims' mental health is increasingly being proven, underlining the importance of correct clinical and forensic diagnosis of abuse to permit preventive, therapeutic and legal measures. Sexual offences via the internet have raised new demands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forensic child and adolescent practitioners need to be very highly trained. Evaluation of sexually abused children and adolescents must be accurate to ensure legal validity and be performed with diligence so that alleged victims do not experience recurrence. Practitioners' actions must be referenced against appropriate instruments and they must be prepared for the ethical and forensic dilemmas and new demands that arise in this field.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Forensic Psychiatry, Rio de Janeiro State Public Prosecutor's Office (MPRJ), Rio de Janeiro School of Judges (EMERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. jairowerner@globo.com
authors.forename: Jairo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Milanez
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010378:Pedophilia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D014342:Truth Disclosure