title: Prognostic value analysis of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most common oral malignancy. Despite recent advances in therapy, up to 50% of the cases have relapse and/or metastasis. There is therefore a strong need for the identification of new biological markers able to predict the clinical behaviour of these lesions in order to improve quality of life and overall survival. Among tumour progression biomarkers, already known for their involvement in other neoplasia, a crucial role is ascribed to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which plays a multiple role in extracellular proteolysis, cell migration and tissue remodelling not only as a receptor for the zymogen pro-uPA but also as a component for cell adhesion and as a chemoattractant. The purpose of this study was to gain information on the expression of uPAR in OSCC and to verify whether this molecule can have a role as a prognostic/predictive marker for this neoplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, a cohort of 189 OSCC patients was investigated for uPAR expression and its cellular localization by immunohistochemistry. As standard controls, 8 normal oral mucosal tissues free of malignancy, obtained from patients with no evidence or history of oral cavity tumours, were similarly investigated. After grouping for uPAR expression, OSCCs were statistically analyzed for the variables age, gender, histological grading (G), tumour size, recurrence, TNM staging and overall survival rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our immunohistochemical study, 74 cases (39.1%) of OSCC showed a mostly cytoplasmic positivity for uPAR, whereas 115 were negative. uPAR expression correlated with tumour differentiation grade and prognosis: percentage of positive cases was the greatest in G3 (70.4%) and patients positives for uPAR expression had an expectation of life lower than those for uPAR negatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained in this study suggest a role of uPAR as a potential biomarker useful to identify higher risk subgroups of OSCC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Innovative Therapies, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy. bacchiocchi@univpm.it
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bacchiocchi
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pierpaoli
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borghetti
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Procacci
authors.forename: Pier Francesco
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Nocini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santarelli
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocchetti
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciavarella
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator