title: Imaging G-SIMS: a novel bismuth-manganese source emitter.
abstract: G-SIMS (gentle-SIMS) is a powerful method that considerably simplifies complex static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) analysis of organics at surfaces. G-SIMS uses two primary ion beams that generate high and low fragmentation conditions at the surface. This allows an extrapolation to equivalent experimental conditions with very low fragmentation. Consequently, the spectra are less complex, contain more structural information and are simpler to interpret. In general, G-SIMS spectra more closely resemble electron ionisation mass spectra than SSIMS spectra. A barrier for the wider uptake of G-SIMS is the requirement for two ion beams producing suitably different fragmentation conditions and the need for their spatial registration (spatial alignment) at the surface, which is especially important for heterogeneous samples. The most popular source is the liquid metal ion source (LMIS), which is now sold with almost every new time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS instrument. Here, we have developed a novel bismuth-manganese emitter (the 'G-tip') for the popular LMISs. This simplifies the alignment and gives excellent G-SIMS imaging and spectroscopy without significantly compromising the bismuth cluster ion beam performance.
authors.affiliation: Quality of Life Division, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK. felicia.green@npl.co.uk
authors.forename: Felicia M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kollmer
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niehuis
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Seah