title: Neuropsychological diagnosis and treatment after closed-head injury in a patient with a psychiatric history of schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite recent interest in the brain/mind problem and possible organic correlates of mental disease, relatively few case studies have examined the problem concretely. The present paper describes a 66-year-old male patient with a long history of schizophrenia, whose psychotic symptoms displayed qualitative and quantitative changes after a closed-head injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a very disturbed childhood and youth, including several jail terms, the patient was diagnosed with schizophrenia in the early 1960s and frequently thereafter hospitalized. Visual hallucinations were the dominant symptom, and art therapy provided some relief, which led to a successful artistic career. In 1989, while actively hallucinating, he suffered a mild TBI in a pedestrian accident. Despite findings of organic dysfunction, he did not receive full neuropsychological diagnosis and treatment until four years later, when he presented with symptoms of perseveration, hemispatial neglect, and disturbances of working memory. The patient then received an individual program of neuropsychological rehabilitation, while his treating psychiatrist gradually withdrew psychotropic medication. After a year of therapy there was marked improvement of both neuropsychological and psychiatric symptoms. At the same time, he began to paint in a completely different style.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The case described here shows that the pathomechanisms of schizophrenia and neurobehavioral disturbances resulting from organic brain damage are not after all unrelated. Microgenetic theory can provide a basis for explaining the course of symptoms in this and similar cases, as we re-think the brain-mind relationship.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk, Poland. m.pachalska@medscimonit.com
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pachalska
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grochmal-Bach
authors.forename: Bruce Duncan
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: MacQueen
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipowska
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herman-Sucharska
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012046:Rehabilitation; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome