title: The pak4 protein kinase plays a key role in cell survival and tumorigenesis in athymic mice.
abstract: Pak4 is a member of the B group of p21-activated (Pak) kinases, originally identified as an effector protein for Cdc42. Although Pak4 is expressed at low levels in most adult tissues, it is highly overexpressed in tumor cell lines. Here, we show that Pak4 is also overexpressed in primary tumors, including colon, esophageal, and mammary tumors. Overexpression of Pak4 also leads to tumor formation in athymic mice, whereas deletion of Pak4 inhibits tumorigenesis. Although a constitutively active Pak4 mutant was previously shown to promote oncogenic transformation in cultured cells, our results are the first to show that Pak4 also promotes tumorigenesis in experimental animals. Furthermore, these results show for the first time that not only constitutively active Pak4, but also wild-type Pak4, is transforming, when experimental animals are used. These results are highly significant because wild-type Pak4, rather than activated Pak4, is overexpressed in tumor cells. Our results suggest that overexpression or activation of Pak4 is a key step in oncogenic transformation, due to its ability to promote cell survival and subsequent uncontrolled proliferation. The finding that Pak4 is up-regulated in so many types of cancers indicates that Pak4 may play a vital role in a wide range of different types of cancer. This makes it an attractive candidate for drug therapy for different types of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yanmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nekrasova
authors.forename: Xingpei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Hong Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nanjoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Chung S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C492065:Pak4 protein, mouse; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D053148:Caspase 3; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein