HIV infection of the central nervous system: clinical features and neuropathogenesis.
Almost 65 million people worldwide have been infected with HIV since it was first identified in the early 1980s. Neurologic disorders associated with HIV type 1 affect between 40% and 70% of infected individuals. The most significant of these disorders include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, which comprises HIV-associated dementia, mild neurocognitive disorder, and asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment. Despite the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy, HIV-related central nervous system disorders continue to represent a substantial personal, economic, and societal burden. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of the primary HIV-associated central nervous system disorders.
Boissé
Lysa
L
Division of Neurology, Queen's University, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada.
Gill
M John
MJ
Power
Christopher
C
D000208:Acute Disease; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D020805:Central Nervous System Viral Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015704:CD4 Antigens