title: Novel gyrase mutations and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical strains of Enterococcus faecalis isolated in Poland.
abstract: The activity of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin was determined for 205 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from patients of five hospitals (Warsaw, Poland; collected from 2000 to 2002). Ciprofloxacin resistant and intermediate isolates were numerous (53.7%). Among them, highly resistant (MIC > or = 16 mg/l) isolates predominated (98%). Isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin were also resistant to sparfloxacin and moxifloxacin. The parC and gyrA QRDRs (quinolone-resistance-determining region) of 11 isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs from 1 to 256 mg/l were analysed by DNA sequencing. In ParC one kind of amino acid substitution (of Ser-85 to Ile) in 9 E. faecalis strains with MICs from 16 to 256 mg/l was observed. In GyrA Ser-84 was changed to one of four different amino acids: Arg, Ile, Cys or Tyr, however no association between the amino acid type and MIC value was found. The last two substitutions have not been reported to date for E. faecalis. Moreover, our results may suggest that mutations within parC and gyrA are associated with development of a high-level of ciprofloxacin resistance.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Bacteriology, Warsaw, Poland. kpiekarska@pzh.gov.pl
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Piekarska
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gierczyński
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ławrynowicz-Paciorek
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kochman
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jagielski
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics*; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009154:Mutation; D011044:Poland; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; C061363:sparfloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin