title: Imaging and characterizing influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells.
abstract: The mechanisms of influenza A virus mRNA intracellular transport are still not clearly understood. Here, we visualized the distribution and transport of influenza A virus mRNA in living cells using molecular beacon (MB) technology. Confocal-FRAP measurements determined that the transport of influenza A virus intronless mRNA, in both nucleus and cytoplasm, was energy dependent, being similar to that of Poly(A)(+) RNA. Drug inhibition studies in living cells revealed that the export of influenza A virus mRNA is independent of the CRM1 pathway, while the function of RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) may be needed. In addition, viral NS1 protein and cellular TAP protein were found associated with influenza A virus mRNA in the cell nucleus. These findings characterize influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells and suggest that influenza A virus mRNA may be exported from the nucleus by the cellular TAP/p15 pathway with NS1 protein and RNAP-II participation.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zong-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ya-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xian-En
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000821:virology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D034443:RNA Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D028884:Karyopherins; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein; C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus