title: An association between metabolic syndrome and the estimated glomerular filtration rate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health problem. However, few studies have examined the significance of MetS as a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants without a clinical history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, angina, or renal failure (1,158 men, aged 61+/-15 years and 1,606 women, aged 63+/-12 years) were recruited from a single community. We examined the cross-sectional relationship between MetS and renal function as evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of MetS was consistently associated with reduced eGFR, with the level of reduction proportional to the number of MetS components present. Multiple linear regression analysis using eGFR as an objective variable showed that BMI, DBP, antihypertensive drug use, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, antilipidemic drug use and fasting blood glucose, which were components of MetS, were significantly and independently associated with eGFR, in addition to age and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Individuals with MetS showed a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-2.13) for CKD compared to those without MetS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS was significantly associated with decreased eGFR in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nomura Municipal Hospital, Seiyo. rykawamo@ehime.med.or.jp
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL