Epidemiology of stillbirth and fetal central nervous system injury.
The epidemiology of stillbirth and fetal central nervous system (CNS) injury is described with some emphasis on maternal and feto-placental risk factors. To maximize utility of the discussion and because it also represents the classical manifestation of fetal CNS injury, we have selected cerebral palsy (CP) to illustrate the epidemiologic aspects of injury to the fetal CNS in general. While trends in stillbirth rates have modestly decreased over time, those of CP seem to be increasing. Interestingly, both stillbirth and CP share traditional as well as emerging risk factors lending credence to the hypothesis that fetuses that would previously have been stillborn are increasingly surviving albeit with some form of morbidity. The existence of shared risk factors also suggests that in some cases of stillbirth fetal CNS injury precedes the in utero fetal demise. Pregnant women bearing these risk indicators represent potential candidates for appropriate and tailored protocols for antenatal fetal testing.
Salihu
Hamisu M
HM
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. salihu@gmail.com
D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology