title: Management and risk factors for dyslipidemia with the ketogenic diet.
abstract: A prospective study was performed of all children started on the ketogenic diet at our institution for intractable epilepsy from January 2003 to March 2007 (n = 137), examining for baseline and follow-up total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Interventions for dyslipidemia were analyzed for their effectiveness. At baseline, 25% of children had hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dL), which increased to 60% for those receiving the ketogenic diet. Children receiving a solely formula-based ketogenic diet were less likely to have hypercholesterolemia than those eating solid food after adjusting for age and initial ketogenic ratio (P < .001). Only a slightly higher likelihood of a 20% decrease in cholesterol occurred for those children in whom a dietary intervention was made compared with observation alone (60% vs 41%; P = .11). Hypercholesterolemia occurs in most children receiving a solid food based ketogenic diet but improved in approximately half, even without interventions.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nizamuddin
authors.forename: Zahava
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Paula L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Pyzik
authors.forename: Eric H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kossoff
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D050528:Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol