title: Appreciation of research information in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ethicists have debated whether patients with serious mental illness can appreciate the risks of research participation and make autonomous decisions. We compared the abilities of euthymic and manic bipolar patients to appreciate and make voluntary decisions regarding research participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six subjects with mania and 25 euthymic subjects reviewed hypothetical consent forms for three research studies of varying risk. We assessed subjects' appreciation of: their diagnosis and need for treatment; the researcher's role; the risks of participation; and the degree of influence of family, the treating clinician, and payment on decisions to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most subjects (92%) agreed they had bipolar disorder requiring medication treatment. Subjects were less likely to participate in riskier studies. About half of subjects erroneously believed that researchers would make decisions based solely on what would be the best care for them (therapeutic misconception); and in randomized medication trials, they mistakenly believed they had improved chances of receiving one treatment over another. There were no differences between mood groups on these measures. Over half of subjects (59%) indicated that their mental health provider might influence them to participate in a study even when they did not want to, but most rejected a role for family in decision making. Payment was rated as having little impact on decisions to participate in research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mania does not substantially influence appreciation of research participation. Subjects with bipolar disorder, regardless of mood state, are at risk for therapeutic misconception and optimistic bias. Special protections may be needed when mental health professionals approach their own patients to participate in research.
authors.affiliation: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA. misras@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Sahana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Socherman
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganzini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D032882:Comprehension / Q000941:ethics; D003469:Culture; D003657:Decision Making; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009922:Oregon; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000941:ethics; D012307:Risk Factors