title: Psychometric properties of functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with cerebral palsy often suffer from a lack of balance compared with typically developing children. Because balance capacity is relevant to functional activities, reliable and valid functional balance measures are crucial for the pediatric clinical setting.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the reliability and validity of 3 functional balance measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty children aged 60 to 142 months with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels of I to IV were recruited. For test-retest reliability, the same physical therapist administered the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) twice. For interrater reliability, the testing processes were video recorded and later scored by another therapist. For convergent validity, children with cerebral palsy received the Gross Motor Function
  
  
  METHODS
  (GMFM), walking speed, and 10-second sit-to-stand test within 1 week and the results evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 functional balance measures had excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] >0.95) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.98-1.00). With regard to convergent validity, the BBS and the TUG were highly correlated with GMFM total score, walking speed, and the 10-second sit-to-stand test. The discriminate validity indicates that the FRT can distinguish children with cerebral palsy with different GMFCS levels, whereas the BBS total score and TUG failed to distinguish between children with cerebral palsy with GMFCS levels of I and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3 functional balance measures are simple, valid, and reliable for examining children with cerebral palsy and are thus suitable for clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Chung Shan Medical University Rehabilitation Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sue-Mae
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Yue-Her
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chun-Hou
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology