Surface cooling versus core cooling: comparative studies of microvascular fluid- and protein-shifts in a porcine model.
OBJECTIVE
To describe how surface cooling compared with core cooling influences fluid and protein distribution, vascular capacity and hemodynamic variables.


METHODS
14 anesthetized piglets were, following 60 min normothermic stabilization, randomly cooled by surface cooling (ice-sludge) (n=7) or core cooling (endovascular cooling) (n=7) to about 28 degrees C. Fluid balance, hemodynamic variables, colloid osmotic pressures (plasma/interstitial fluid), hematocrit, serum-albumin and -protein concentrations, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral metabolic markers of ischemia were measured. Fluid shifts and changes in albumin and protein masses were calculated. At the end total tissue water content was assessed and compared with a normothermic control group.


RESULTS
Both cooling modes induced an increase in fluid extravasation rate from 33.9 (31.9) and 27.8 (28.0) to 109.0 (16.5) (P=0.006) and 95.6 (29.1) ml/kg/min x 10(-3) (P=0.024) in the surface-cooled and core-cooled groups, respectively. Albumin extravasation was reflected by a significant drop in the albumin mass from 148.8 (11.7) to 111.4 (10.3) (P=0.000) and from 163.4 (27.8) to 136.8 (19.0) g/kg x 10(-2) (P=0.001) in the surface-cooled and core-cooled animals, respectively. Similar findings were obtained concerning serum-protein masses. The total tissue water content increased in most organs including brain in both study groups compared with a control. ICP and cerebral metabolic markers remained normal in both groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Rapid lowering of body core temperature results in extravasation of water and proteins. The amount of extravated fluid and proteins is similar either cooling is a result of surface cooling or core cooling. Cold-induced fluid extravasation is associated with edema in most tissues including brain.
Hammersborg
Stig Morten
SM
Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
Brekke
Hege Kristin
HK
Haugen
Oddbjørn
O
Farstad
Marit
M
Husby
Paul
P
D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018495:Fluid Shifts / Q000502:physiology*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine
D001798:Blood Proteins; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; C028570:Ringer's acetate