title: Inhibitory effects of polymethoxy flavones isolated from Citrus reticulate on degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3: enhanced inhibition by their combination.
abstract: Polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) are present in fruit tissues of Citrus species. It has been reported that flavonoids isolated from several Citrus have been shown to suppress the degranulation as inferred by histamine release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. In this study, we examined the effect of PMFs (PMF-1: 6,7,4',5'-tetramethoxy-5-monohydroxyflavone, PMF-2: 5,6,8,3',6'-pentamethoxy flavone, PMF-3: 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxy flavone) on the degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. All the PMFs suppressed the degranulation from Ag-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Interestingly, PMF-combination (PMF-1+PMF-2; PMF-1+PMF-3) treatment enhanced the inhibition of degranulation compared with PMF-single treatment. In order to clarify the inhibitory mechanism of degranulation by PMFs, we examined the activation of intracellular signaling molecules such as Lyn, Syk, and PLCgammas. All the PMFs significantly suppressed the activation of Syk and PLCgammas. In Ag-mediated activation of Fc epsilonRI on mast cells, three major subfamilies of mitogen-activated protein kinases, especially ERK44/42, were activated. These PMFs reduced the level of phospho-ERKs. The intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) was elevated by Fc epsilonRI activation, and PMF treatment reduced the elevation of [Ca(2+)]i by suppressing Ca(2+) influx. Thus, it was suggested that the suppression of Ag-stimulated degranulation by these PMFs mainly is due to the Syk/PLCgammas/PKC pathway and Ca(2+) influx. Furthermore, to be noted in the PMF-combination treatment, inactivation of Syk was enhanced compared with PMF-single treatment. But the inhibitory effect of degranulation by PMF-combination treatment was not associated with the suppression of Ca(2+) influx.
authors.affiliation: Gifu International Institute of Biotechnology, 1-1 Naka-Fudogaoka, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-0838, Japan. titoh@giib.or.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohguchi
authors.forename: Munekazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001491:Basophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D047309:Flavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006636:Histamine Release / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015471:Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000072377:Syk Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047309:Flavones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000072377:Syk Kinase; C000606898:Syk protein, rat; C060902:lyn protein-tyrosine kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D002118:Calcium