title: Clinical implications of mitochondrial disease.
abstract: The terms mitochondrial myopathy, mitochondrial cytopathy and inherited mitochondrial encephalomyopathy encompass a large grouping of syndromes produced either by genetically transmitted or acquired disruption of mitochondrial energy production or biosensor function. Many of these disorders are clinically apparent during infancy, but for some the metabolic signs of oxidative stress may not appear until the young or middle adult years. Initially thought to be a rare disorder, it now appears that mitochondrial dysfunction is relatively common but often unrecognized because symptoms are extremely variable and usually insidious in onset. It has also become apparent that mitochondrial dysfunction is a component of many common cardiovascular and neurological disease states and of physiologic aging. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction may explain and link a wide variety of clinical phenomena. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the clinical implications of inherited and acquired mitochondrial disease, the effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial function, and the extent to which mitochondrial bioenergetic state determines anesthetic requirement and potential anesthetic toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Dulles Suite 680, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA. muravchst@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muravchick
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D028361:Mitochondrial Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009154:Mutation; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial