The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation.
The principal components of both MHC class I and class II antigen processing and presentation pathways are well known. In dendritic cells, these pathways are tightly regulated by Toll-like-receptor signalling and include features, such as cross-presentation, that are not seen in other cell types. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the subcellular trafficking of antigens remain poorly understood and in some cases are controversial. Recent data suggest that diverse cellular machineries, including autophagy, participate in antigen processing and presentation, although their relative contributions remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we highlight some emerging themes of antigen processing and presentation that we think merit further attention.
Vyas
Jatin M
JM
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
Van der Veen
Annemarthe G
AG
Ploegh
Hidde L
HL
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans
D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II