title: Hemorrhagic activity of the vascular apoptosis-inducing proteins VAP1 and VAP2 from Crotalus atrox.
abstract: Vascular apoptosis-inducing proteins (VAPs) from hemorrhagic snake venom are apoptosis-inducing toxins that target vascular endothelial cells. We now show that VAP1 and VAP2 from Crotalus atrox have hemorrhagic activity in mouse skin following intradermal injection. Following intravenous injection, VAP2 induced hemorrhage in the lung, intestine and kidney. Although the hemorrhagic activity was relatively weak, these apoptosis toxins may play a role in the complex mechanism of snake venom-induced hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima-cho 429-63, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kikushima
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Jun Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nikai
authors.forename: Satohiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D017839:Crotalus; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C512262:VAP2 protein, Crotalus atrox; C417254:vascular apoptosis-inducing protein 1, Crotalus atrox