title: Hypospadias outcome in the first 3 years after completing a pediatric urology fellowship.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The requirements of hypospadias surgery today not only include the creation of a straight phallus with optimal meatal placement but also call for excellent cosmetic outcomes with minimal complications. Specialty fellowship training as well as advanced surgical materials and techniques allow for consistent, successful results. We report the outcomes of hypospadias surgeries performed by two academic Pediatric Urologists in the first 3 years of practice after completing a 2-year fellowship.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of all patients with hypospadias treated by two surgeons (DF and JC) between July 2004 and August 2007 was performed. The two surgeons had completed a 2-year Pediatric Urology fellowship at two different institutions (Johns Hopkins and Texas Children's Hospital). Level of hypospadias, patient age, type of repair and follow up as well as complications were recorded. Midshaft and distal hypospadias were classified as distal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 187 patients were operated on. No significant difference in numbers and complications occurred between the two surgeons. Distal hypospadias was found in 149, proximal in 29, and penoscrotal or perineal was found requiring a two-stage repair in nine patients. Distal hypospadias was repaired using either dorsal plate incision with tubularization (TIP) (n=112) or meatal advancement and glanuloplasty (MAGPI) (n=37). All proximal lesions were repaired using TIP. All patients were seen after 1-2 weeks, and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Fistulae occurred in 10 patients (three in distal, four in proximal, and three in two-stage repairs) for an overall fistula rate of 5.3%. Meatal obstruction occurred in three distal repairs and one two-stage repair, diverticulum in one proximal. No complications occurred with MAGPI repairs. All complications, except for one, were successfully repaired in a single operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modern hypospadias surgical techniques pioneered through decades of surgical innovation can now be successfully transferred to the new generation of specialty-trained Pediatric Urologists. Modern pediatric fellowship training allows performing distal hypospadias repair with a minimal fistula rate of 2.8%. Proximal hypospadias remain more challenging with complication rates of 13.8% for one-stage and 33.3% for two-stage repairs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 Stanton L Young Boulevard, WP 3150, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. dominic-frimberger@ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frimberger
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kropp
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards*; D014572:Urology