title: Molecular evaluation of five cardiac genes in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To sequence the exonic and splice site regions of 5 cardiac genes associated with the human form of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers with DCM and to identify a causative mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 unrelated Doberman Pinschers with DCM and 2 unaffected Labrador Retrievers (control dogs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Exonic and splice site regions of the 5 genes encoding the cardiac proteins troponin C, lamin A/C, cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3, cardiac troponin T, and the beta-myosin heavy chain were sequenced. Sequences were compared for nucleotide changes between affected dogs and the published canine sequences and 2 control dogs. Base pair changes were considered to be causative for DCM if they were present in an affected dog but not in the control dogs or published sequences and if they involved a conserved amino acid and changed that amino acid to a different polarity, acid-base status, or structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A causative mutation for DCM in Doberman Pinschers was not identified, although single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in some dogs in the cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3, beta-myosin heavy chain, and troponin T genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutations in 5 of the cardiac genes associated with the development of DCM in humans did not appear to be causative for DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Continued evaluation of additional candidate genes or a focused approach with an association analysis is warranted to elucidate the molecular cause of this important cardiac disease in Doberman Pinschers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Meurs
authors.forename: Kristina P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Norgard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D004285:Dogs; D005091:Exons; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D034904:Lamin Type A / Q000235:genetics*; D034882:Lamins / Q000235:genetics*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D019209:Troponin C / Q000235:genetics*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D034904:Lamin Type A; D034882:Lamins; D019209:Troponin C; D020107:Troponin T; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains