title: Social support buffers the effects of terrorism on adolescent depression: findings from Sderot, Israel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study of 29 Israeli middle school students experiencing terror attacks by Qassam rockets addressed whether higher levels of baseline social support protected adolescents from adverse psychological effects of exposure to rocket attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were assessed at two time points 5 months apart, before and after a period of military escalation from May to September 2007. Adolescent self-reported depression was measured at both time points, using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Child Depression Scale. Social support from family, friends, and school was measured at time 1, via a short form of the Perceived Social Support Scale. Adolescents also reported their exposure to rocket attacks at both time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant interaction between social support and exposure to rocket attacks predicting depression over time. As hypothesized, baseline levels of social support buffered against the effect of exposure to rocket attacks on increased depression. Conversely, social support was associated with increased depression for adolescents who were not exposed to rocket attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the potential importance of community mental health efforts to bolster schools, families, and peer groups as protective resources in times of traumatic stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA. chenrich@gsu.edu
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: Golan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shahar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007557:Israel; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D023481:Terrorism / Q000523:psychology*; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*