title: Introduction of an embolus detection system based on analysis of the transcranial Doppler audio-signal.
abstract: A new embolus detection system (EDS) is presented, built with the intention of detecting ongoing cerebral embolization in patients at risk of transient ischaemic attacks or stroke. It is based on the analysis of the audio-Doppler signal of a transcranial Doppler machine. The algorithm of the EDS estimates the intensity, duration and zero-crossing dynamics of the audio signal. The EDS has a multi-layer neural network which classifies events into micro-emboli signals (MES) or artefacts. The decision-making component of the software has been validated against human experts. Data from patients in the post-operative phase of carotid surgery were used for the validation process. The results showed agreement in MES and artefact classification of > 93%. Apart from a monitoring display, the monitoring system includes a verification unit that allows the user to listen and to look at all data of individual MES and artefacts. Moreover, the system allows the user to record, store and re-calculate all data files. Data are stored using European Data Format, which allows data transportation over the Internet. The EDS may have a potential in stroke risk stratification, evaluating the effect of novel anti-thrombotic therapies, and in peri-operative and remote monitoring of carotid endarterectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Haga Teaching Hospitals (location Leyenburg), The Hague, The Netherlands. keunenrwm@tiscali.nl
authors.forename: R W M
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Keunen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoogenboezem
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wijnands
authors.forename: A C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Van den Hengel
authors.forename: R G A
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ackerstaff
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000379:methods*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods*