title: Increased abdominal obesity, adverse psychosocial factors and shorter telomere length in subjects reporting early ageing; the MONICA Northern Sweden Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rate of biological ageing is individual and represents the steady decrease in physiological and mental functions. Adverse social factors have been shown to influence this process. Self-perceived early ageing (SEA) might be a useful indicator of early biological ageing and increased mortality risk. The aim of this population-based study was to identify markers of SEA, including telomere length.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1502 subjects (744 men, 758 women) from Northern Sweden. These subjects underwent a physical examination, blood sampling (including telomere length) and completed a self-administered questionnaire about their subjective age, social situation, lifestyle, and self-rated health (SRH). Age- and SRH-adjusted statistical analyses were made comparing SEA subjects with same-sex controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 7.9% of men and 12.1% of women reported SEA. These subjects had significantly (p<0.0001) wider waist circumference and higher body mass index than controls. SEA men showed higher fasting glucose and SEA women showed higher total cholesterol levels than controls (p=0.020 and p=0.015, respectively). In addition, SEA women more often reported infrequent physical exercise (p=0.006), mental problems (p=0.064) and worse SRH (p=0.001) than controls. In a random sub-sample, telomere length was significantly shorter in SEA subjects (n=139) than controls (n=301; p=0.02), but not after full adjustment for BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-perceived early ageing is not uncommon and is associated with abdominal obesity, poor self-rated health, lower education, and shorter telomere length. This could link adverse social factors with features of the metabolic syndrome as well as with early biological ageing, of importance for targeting preventive programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordfjäll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eliasson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stegmayr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio