title: What oncologists tell patients about survival benefits of palliative chemotherapy and implications for informed consent: qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how much oncologists tell patients about the survival benefit of palliative chemotherapy during consultations at which decisions about treatment are made.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study in which consultations were observed and digitally recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital and district general hospital in south west England.
  
  
  METHODS
  37 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (n=12), pancreatic cancer (n=13), and colorectal cancer (n=12); and nine oncologists, including four consultants and five registrars.
  
  
  METHODS
  All recordings were transcribed completely, anonymised, and electronically coded with ATLAS.ti. Constant comparison was used to identify themes and patterns. The framework method of data management, in which data were charted, was used to aid transparency of interpretation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the consultations, information given to patients about survival benefit included numerical data ("about four weeks"), an idea of timescales ("a few months extra"), vague references ("buy you some time"), or no mention at all. In most consultations (26/37) discussion of survival benefit was vague or non-existent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most patients were not given clear information about the survival gain of palliative chemotherapy. To aid decision making and informed consent, we recommend that oncologists sensitively describe the benefits and limitations of this treatment, including survival gain.
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol, Department of Social Medicine, Bristol BS8 2PR. Suzanne.Audrey@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Audrey
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Blazeby
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D030881:Disclosure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents