title: Visual field changes after a rehabilitation intervention: vision restoration therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a visual rehabilitation intervention on visual field defects in a US cohort. Vision Restoration Therapy (VRT) consists of a specific pattern of stimulation that is directed at the border of the blind field.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study evaluated individuals with homonymous visual field defect from retrochiasmatic lesions treated with 6 modules of VRT. Suprathreshold visual field testing of the central 43x32 was obtained at baseline and after each module. The main outcome measures were the change in stimuli detection and the shift in the position of the border of the blind field. The impact of age, time from injury and type of visual field defect were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 161 patients, the mean absolute improvement in stimuli detection was 12.8%. The average border shift was 4.87. Improvements of > or =3% was noted in 76% of patients. Absolute change in stimulus detection of > or =3% at mid-therapy was associated with a greater final improvement. Age, time from lesion and type of visual field defect did not influence the degree of field expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VRT improves stimulus detection and results in a shift of the position of the border of the blind field as measured on suprathreshold visual field testing. These results support prior reports and support VRT as a useful rehabilitative intervention for a proportion of patients with visual field defects from retrochiasmatic lesions.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States. jromano@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kenkel
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*