title: Expression of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein, CARP, in malignant tumors: diagnostic use of CARP protein immunostaining in rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) is highly expressed in cardiac muscles and detectable in normal skeletal muscles. Arpp, a close homolog of CARP, has been demonstrated to be useful for distinguishing rhabdomyosarcoma from other malignant tumors. However, the CARP distributions among malignant tumors have been poorly investigated. Here, we analyzed the comprehensive expression of CARP in malignant tumors and evaluated its potential use for rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosis. A total of 159 malignant tumors, including 34 rhabdomyosarcomas, 85 non-rhabdomyosarcomas, and 40 carcinomas, were immunohistochemically analyzed for CARP expression. Cytoplasmic expression of CARP was detected in 29 (85%) of 34 rhabdomyosarcomas. The immunoreactivity was observed in both small cells with little differentiation and differentiated tumor cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. In contrast, focal immunoreactivity for CARP was only observed in 5 (4%) of 125 non-rhabdomyosarcomas, comprising 2 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 1 angiosarcoma, 1 epithelioid sarcoma, and 1 squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Comparative analysis of the CARP expression profiles with those of myogenic markers in rhabdomyosarcomas revealed that myogenin (88%) and desmin (88%) exhibited the best sensitivity, followed by CARP (85%), MyoD (82%), muscle-specific actin (79%), and myoglobin (65%). MyoD (96%) and myoglobin (96%) had the best specificity, followed by CARP (95%), myogenin (95%), desmin (89%), and muscle-specific actin (86%). Our results indicate that CARP is a sensitive and specific marker for rhabdomyosarcoma and that it will be useful for the differential diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiological Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan. guroko@grape.med.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motoi
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C491304:ANKRD1 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins