title: Powder for reconstitution of the anti-HIV-1 drug TMC278 - Formulation development, stability and animal studies.
abstract: Powders for reconstitution of the next-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TMC278 with low water solubility were developed by using a spray-dry technology. Their flexible dosing ability makes them suitable for patients looking for a different approach for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. The selection of formulation excipients was based on their potential to create and maintain supersaturation solubility of TMC278 in 0.01 M HCl. Suitable water-soluble carriers for TMC278 were selected by a supersaturation screening to formulate powders for reconstitution by spray-drying. The selected powders for reconstitution were compared to clinical tablets of TMC278.HCl, in vitro using dissolution and stability testing, and in vivo through administration to beagle dogs, fed immediately after dosing. The spray-dried powders for reconstitution made up of TMC278/PVP-VA 64 1:9 (w/w) and TMC278/PVP-VA 64/Cremophor EL 1:8.5:0.5 (w/w/w) showed ease of suspendability, nearly complete dissolution of the drug and acceptable stability after one month storage at 25 and 40 degrees C. In dogs, TMC278 was more slowly absorbed from tablets than from the suspended powders for reconstitution. Compared to the tablet, the relative bioavailability obtained with the powders ranged between 69% and 89% for TMC278/PVP-VA 64 1:9 (w/w) and between 85% and 157% for TMC278/PVP-VA 64/Cremophor EL 1:8.5:0.5 (w/w/w). The absence of differences in vivo and in vitro between the powders made an eventual choice very difficult, yet their advantageous in vivo behaviour and flexible dosing possibility may provide a starting point for paediatric formulations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Gyseghem
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pendela
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baert
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosier
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van 't Klooster
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Man
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Bouche
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schueller
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Remoortere
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wigerinck
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoogmartens
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Mooter
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011208:Powders; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000068696:Rilpivirine; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005079:Excipients; D009570:Nitriles; D011208:Powders; D011743:Pyrimidines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D013607:Tablets; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D000068696:Rilpivirine