title: Conjunctival cytologic features in anophthalmic patients wearing an ocular prosthesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cytologic features of conjunctival epithelium in anophthalmic sockets with an ocular prosthesis, using an impression cytology technique and to determine the clinical factors associated with these changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective case-controlled study, 40 consecutive unilateral anophthalmic patients who wore an ocular prosthesis were recruited. A questionnaire on the care of the prosthesis included total wearing period, frequency of cleaning, frequency of polishing, cleaning solution, and eye drop use. The degree of inflammation of the anophthalmic conjunctival socket was evaluated. Impression cytology specimens were taken from the upper tarsal conjunctiva, the bulbar conjunctiva, and the lower tarsal conjunctiva of each socket, and from the contralateral eye (to serve as an internal matched control). The goblet cell density and the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio of the epithelial cells were measured. The relevance of these conjunctival cytologic features to the various factors of prosthesis care or conjunctival inflammation was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the anophthalmic sockets, the conjunctiva showed squamous metaplasia at all 3 areas sampled. The goblet cell density was significantly decreased and the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio of the epithelial cells was significantly increased compared with the control eyes (p<0.05, on all 3 areas sampled, Wilcoxon signed rank test). These conjunctival cytologic changes were not significantly associated with total wearing time, frequency of polishing, cleaning solution, or eye drops use (p>0.05, Spearman's correlation test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squamous metaplasia with decreased goblet cell density and increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio occurred in anophthalmic conjunctival sockets but was not associated with particular aspects of prosthesis care.
authors.affiliation: S-Eye Center, Ansan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min Joung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Choung
authors.forename: Nam Ju
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Mi Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Sang In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Khwarg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology*; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005137:Eye, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires