title: Cyclone tolerance in new world arecaceae: biogeographic variation and abiotic natural selection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consistent abiotic factors can affect directional selection; cyclones are abiotic phenomena with near-discrete geographic limits. The current study investigates selective pressure of cyclones on plants at the species level, testing for possible natural selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  New World Arecaceae (palms) are used as a model system, as plants with monopodial, unbranched arborescent form are most directly affected by the selective pressure of wind load. Living specimens of known provenance grown at a common site were affected by the same cyclone. Data on percentage mortality were compiled and analysed in biogeographic and phylogenetic contexts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palms of cyclone-prone provenance exhibited a much lower (one order of magnitude) range in cyclone tolerance, and significantly lower (P < 0.001) mean percentage mortality than collections from cyclone-free areas. Palms of cyclone-free provenance had much greater variation in tolerance, and significantly greater mean percentage mortality. A test for serial independence recovered no significant phylogenetic autocorrelation of percentage mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation in cyclone tolerance in New World Arecaceae correlates with biogeography, and is not confounded with phylogeny. These results suggest natural selection of cyclone tolerance in cyclone-prone areas.
authors.affiliation: Montgomery Botanical Center, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA. grif@montgomerybotanical.org
authors.forename: M Patrick
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Larry R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Noblick
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dowe
authors.forename: Chad E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Husby
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Calonje
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004190:Disasters; D005431:Florida; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic