title: Analgesia after inguinal herniotomy in children: combination of simplified (Single Puncture) ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks and wound infiltration vs. caudal block with 0.25% bupivacaine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether simplified ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block in combination with minimal wound infiltration with local anaesthetic is better than caudal block with local anaesthetic alone in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy for easy transition to safe oral analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children of both sexes undergoing herniotomy were allocated randomly to receive either simplified (single puncture) ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve block described by Dalens in combination with small volume wound infiltration with 0.1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine (Group I) or caudal block with 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine (Group II) at the end of surgery under general anaesthesia using halothane in oxygen and nitrous oxide mixture. Duration of analgesia, complication associated, parents and children's satisfaction were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of analgesia was 253+/-102.6 minutes in group I as compared to 219.6+/-48.4 minutes in group II. Six (20%) patients in group I and two (6.67%) patients in group II required parenteral analgesic. Complications and parents and children's satisfaction were comparable in both the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simplified ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks described by Dalens in combination with small volume local anaesthetic wound infiltration with its longer mean duration of analgesia offers better safety margin to start oral analgesics than caudal block with local anaesthetic alone in children undergoing herniotomy. Larger studies may further confirm the findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal. bhattaraibk@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: B P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Tuladhar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine