title: A nutrient mixture prevents acetaminophen hepatic and renal toxicity in ICR mice.
abstract: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is often fatal, leading to fulminant hepatic and renal tubular necrosis in humans and animals. We studied the effect of a nutrient mixture (NM) containing, among other nutrients, lysine, proline, ascorbic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, and green tea extract, which has previously been demonstrated to exhibit a broad spectrum of therapeutic properties on APAP-induced hepatic and renal damage in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice. Seven-week-old male ICR mice were divided into four groups (A-D) of five animals each. Groups A and C mice were fed a regular diet for 2 weeks, while groups B and D mice were supplemented with 0.5% NM (w/w) during that period. Groups A and B received saline i.p., while groups C and D received APAP (600 mg/kg) i.p. All animals were killed 24 h after APAP administration, serum was collected to assess the liver and kidney functions, and the livers and kidneys were excised for histology. Mean serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen), creatinine, and BUN/creatinine ratios were comparable in groups A and B, increased markedly in group C and significantly lower in group D compared with group C. APAP caused significant centrilobular necrosis and glomerular damage in unsupplemented animals, while NM prevented these alterations. The results indicate that NM has potential to protect against APAP-induced liver and kidney damage.
authors.affiliation: Dr Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, California, USA.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Roomi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalinovsky
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niedzwiecki
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000633:toxicity*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008239:Lysine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D013662:Tea; D000082:Acetaminophen; D011392:Proline; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D008239:Lysine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000111:Acetylcysteine