title: Effect of electrical stimulation on IGF-1 transcription by L-type calcium channels in cultured retinal Müller cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) on the induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in cultured retinal Müller cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Müller cells were isolated from rat retinas. ES was applied to Müller cells of passage 1 with biphasic pulses (duration, 1 ms; frequency, 20 Hz; current, 0-10 mA) for 30 min. The mRNA level of IGF-1 was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) immediately to 2 h after ES. The change of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]) induced by ES was monitored by Ca(2+) imaging with Fura 2-AM. Ca(2+) imaging and RT-PCR were performed with and without the application of l muM nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA level of IGF-1 was increased significantly (P<0.05) by about 1.3-fold immediately after 10 mA ES. [Ca(2+)] began to increase immediately after the start of ES, reached a maximum of approximately 1.8-fold, and continued to increase until about 20 min after the ES. The inductions of IGF-1 transcription and Ca(2+) influx were suppressed by nifedipine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the enhancement of IGF-1 transcription by ES in cultured Müller cells depends largely on Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan. fujikado@ophthal.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujikado
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium