title: Allergen-induced lung inflammation in actively sensitized mice assessed with MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility of using proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to noninvasively detect extravascular and luminal fluid in a murine model of allergen-induced airway inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Basel Veterinary Authority approved this experiment. Actively sensitized female Balb/c mice received ovalbumin or saline and underwent MR imaging (a) once 24 hours after the fourth administration of ovalbumin or saline (n = 25) or (b) several times between and after ovalbumin or saline administrations (n = 22) to determine the volume of fluid signal induced by an allergen. Images were acquired in spontaneously breathing animals, without cardiac or respiratory gating. Signal detected with a gradient-echo sequence was compared with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid parameters and with perivascular and peribronchial edema and mucus observed at histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Up to 24 hours after the fourth administration of ovalbumin, intense and continuous fluid signals (volume, 40-50 microL) were detected in proximal lung regions. At 72 hours after the fourth administration of ovalbumin, remaining signals (21.1 microL +/- 3.8) had a discontinuous texture. The number of eosinophils in the BAL fluid at 24 and 72 hours and their activation were higher in mice that received ovalbumin than in those that received saline. Histologic analysis revealed edema and secreted mucus in the early phase, whereas only mucus was encountered in the late phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the main component of the early response was plasma leakage (edema), while the main component of the late response was secreted mucus. With the technique validated, the basis for pharmacologic studies in this murine model of lung inflammation with use of MR imaging as a noninvasive readout was provided.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, WSJ-386.2.09, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Blé
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cannet
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zurbruegg
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karmouty-Quintana
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frossard
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trifilieff
authors.forename: Nicolau
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beckmann
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D010047:Ovalbumin