title: Does frequency-dependent selection with complex dominance interactions accurately predict allelic frequencies at the self-incompatibility locus in Arabidopsis halleri?
abstract: Frequency-dependent selection is a major force determining the evolutionary dynamics of alleles at the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) in flowering plants. We introduce a general method using numerical simulations to test several alternative models of frequency-dependent selection on S-locus data from sporophytic systems, taking into account both genetic drift and observed patterns of dominance interactions among S-locus haplotypes (S-haplotypes). Using a molecular typing method, we estimated S-haplotype frequencies in a sample of 322 adult plants and of 245 offspring obtained from seeds sampled on 22 maternal plants, collected in a single population of Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae). We found eight different S-haplotypes and characterized their dominance interactions by controlled pollinations. We then compared the likelihood of different models of frequency-dependent selection: we found that the observed haplotype frequencies and observed frequency changes in one generation best fitted a model with (1) the observed dominance interactions and (2) no pollen limitation. Overall, our population genetic models of frequency-dependent selection, including patterns of dominance interactions among S-haplotypes and genetic drift, can reliably predict polymorphism at the S-locus. We discuss how these approaches allow detecting additional processes influencing the evolutionary dynamics of the S-locus, such as purifying selection on linked loci.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, UMR 8016, CNRS, Université Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France.
authors.forename: Violane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Llaurens
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Billiard
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leducq
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castric
authors.forename: Etienne Karl
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Vekemans
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D040961:Genetic Drift; D006239:Haplotypes; D008957:Models, Genetic; D054817:Pollination; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012641:Selection, Genetic