title: Semitubular plates for acutely displaced midclavicular fractures: a retrospective study of 111 patients followed for 2.5 to 6 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We designed this study to determine the usefulness of semitubular plates for acute displaced or comminuted fractures of the midclavicle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary transfer hospital specializing in orthopaedics.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1997 to July 2001, 121 patients were treated with a 92% (111) follow-up rate. The mean follow-up time was 3.5 years (range, 2.5 to 6 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Semitubular plates using 4.5-mm cortical or 6.5-mm cancellous screws and wire as necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional result was evaluated by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score at the time of admission for implant removal in 82 patients or at the end of follow-up by telephone in 29 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (107 of 111) fractures healed within 6 months. Three patients with implant failure due to backing out of the screws healed after surgical revision. One patient had an infected nonunion with a poor result. The other 110 patients had good results. No implant breakage was noted. No other major complications were noted except for 1 deep infection. No bone graft was needed, even with comminution at the fracture site. Of the 107 patients with uneventful union, 82 had hardware removal. The other 25 were diagnosed as having union both radiographically and clinically and did not have their hardware removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, 95% of patients were satisfied with the surgical procedure. We suggest that a semitubular plate with 4.5-mm cortical and 6.5-mm cancellous screws with wire augmentation if necessary is a reliable procedure for acute severely displaced or comminuted midclavicular fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medical School, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Chih
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chihuei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yin-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tien
authors.forename: Je-Ken
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shao-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome