title: Macaque sperm coating protein DEFB126 facilitates sperm penetration of cervical mucus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sperm coating protein beta-defensin 126 (DEFB126) is adsorbed onto the entire surface of macaque sperm in the caudal epididymis and is retained on viable sperm collected from the cervix and the uterine lumen of mated female macaques. We investigated the role of sperm coating protein DEFB126 in cervical mucus penetration (CMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical mucus (CM) was collected from peri-ovulatory female macaques and loaded into CMP chambers. Sperm were introduced to CMP chambers following treatment with either polyclonal antibodies raised to DEFB126 or seminal plasma proteins (SPPs), 1 mM caffeine+1 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) (induces release of DEFB126 from sperm surface), neuraminidase (NMase) or poly-L-lysine (PLP). Following removal of DEFB126 or SPPs from the sperm surface, sperm were treated with concentrated DEFB126 or concentrated SPPs prior to being introduced to CMP chambers. The numbers of sperm that penetrated and traversed CM were scored over 6 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of sperm with anti-DEFB126 antibodies, 1 mM caffeine+1 mM dbcAMP, NMase, and PLP resulted in similar and significant levels of inhibition of sperm CMP, whereas addition of anti-SPPs antibodies had no effect. In experiments where DEFB126 and SPPs were removed, CMP capability of sperm was restored by addition of DEFB126 back to the sperm surface, whereas treatment of sperm with concentrated SPPs slightly inhibited sperm penetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEFB126 and its high negative charge appears to be critical for the movement of sperm through CM in the macaque, while SPPs adhered to the sperm surface offer no advantage in CMP.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health and the Environment, Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis 94923, USA.
authors.forename: Theodore L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tollner
authors.forename: Ashley I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Yudin
authors.forename: Cathy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Treece
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Overstreet
authors.forename: Gary N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Cherr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000378:metabolism; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D030501:Epididymal Secretory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019276:Glycocalyx / Q000378:metabolism; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010060:Ovulation; D011107:Polylysine / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000378:metabolism; D023083:beta-Defensins
chemical_list: C426184:DEFB126 protein, human; D030501:Epididymal Secretory Proteins; D023083:beta-Defensins; D011107:Polylysine; D002110:Caffeine; D003994:Bucladesine; D009439:Neuraminidase