title: Spline-based cardiac motion tracking using velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: This paper deals with the problem of tracking cardiac motion and deformation using velocity-encoded magnetic resonance imaging. We expand upon an earlier described method and fit a spatiotemporal motion model to measured velocity data. We investigate several different spatial elements both qualitatively and quantitatively using phantom measurements and data from human subjects. In addition, we also use optical flow estimation by the Horn-Schunk method as complementary data in regions where the velocity measurements are noisy. Our results show that it is possible to obtain good motion tracking accuracy in phantoms with relatively few spatial elements, if the type of element is properly chosen. The use of optical flow can correct some measurement artifacts but may give an underestimation of the magnitude of the deformation. In human subjects the different spatial elements perform quantitatively in a similar way but qualitative differences exists, as shown by a semiquantitative visual scoring of the different methods.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund Institute of Technology and the Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden. erik.bergvall@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergvall
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hedstrom
authors.forename: Karin Markenroth
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arheden
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sparr
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity