title: Tomato root colonization by fluorescent-tagged pathogenic and protective strains of Fusarium oxysporum in hydroponic culture differs from root colonization in soil.
abstract: The colonization process of tomato roots inoculated separately or/and simultaneously by a pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici strain Fol8 and the protective F. oxysporum strain Fo47, genetically tagged with the red and green fluorescent protein genes, respectively, was studied in a hydroponic culture. Plants were coinoculated with Fol8 and Fo47 at two conidial concentration ratios of 1/1 and 1/100, in which biological control was not effective or effective, respectively. First observation of fungi on root was possible 48 h after inoculation at a high inoculum level and 5 days post inoculation at the lower concentration of inoculum. The pattern of root colonization was similar for both strains with the initial development of hyphal network on the upper part of taproot, followed by the growth of hyphae towards the elongation zone, lateral roots and root apices. Finally, the whole elongation zone and root apex were invaded by both strains but no specific infection sites were observed. When coinoculated, both strains could grow very closely or even at the same spot on the root surface. At the nonprotective ratio, Fol8 was the successful colonizer, but application of Fo47 at a concentration 100 times >Fol8 delayed vessel colonization by the pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nahalkova
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fatehi
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivain
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alabouvette
mesh_terms: D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018527:Hydroponics; D025301:Hyphae / Q000254:growth & development; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein