title: Nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infection in medical intensive care unit: the incidence, patient characteristics, and clinical significance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary infection in medical intensive care unit (ICU) is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study in the medical ICUs of a medical center in Taiwan from January 1999 to June 2007. Patients with NTM isolated from respiratory specimens within 1 month before or during the ICU course were identified. Those who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of NTM pulmonary infection were identified and compared with patients with NTM colonization and control subjects who were culture-negative for mycobacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 5,378 patients admitted to medical ICUs, 2,866 (53.3%) had received mycobacterial culture for respiratory specimens. NTM were isolated from 169 (5.8%) patients. Of them, 47 (27.8%) were considered NTM pulmonary infection. M. avium complex and M. abscessus were the most common pathogens. Within 100 days after ICU admission, significantly more patients with NTM infection died than those with NTM colonization and control subjects (47 vs. 8 vs. 14%, P < 0.001). Twenty-one (49%) patients with NTM pulmonary infection received anti-NTM treatment, with four experiencing adverse effects. Although statistically insignificant, anti-NTM treatment was associated with prolonged survival for those who died in the ICU and shorter ICU stay for those who survived the ICU course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that NTM pulmonary infection seems to associate with higher mortality in medical ICUs. Anti-NTM treatment is probably associated with a better outcome. Therefore, keeping a high suspicion when NTM is isolated and using careful consideration when starting anti-NTM treatment should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun Lin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Chih-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jann-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jih-Shuin
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jerng
authors.forename: Chong-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Po-Ren
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Pan-Chyr
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology