title: Perioperative anesthetic and analgesic management of newborn bladder exstrophy repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reconstruction of bladder exstrophy in newborn infants requires immobilization, sedation and pain management to prevent distracting forces from compromising the repair. We present a 6-year review of our experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the perioperative management of newborn infants undergoing reconstruction between November 1999 and October 2006. Data are presented as means+/-SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three newborn infants underwent surgery under a combined epidural and general anesthetic technique. Tunneled caudal epidural catheters were inserted in all patients and intermittently injected with 0.25% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine. Postoperatively, a continuous infusion of 0.1% lidocaine, 0.8-1mg/kg/h was administered for 15+/-8 (range 4-30) days. Children were sedated with diazepam for 20+/-13 (range 2-40) days. Central venous catheters were maintained for 20+/-9 (range 1-34) days for fluids, drug administration and blood sampling. No patient experienced bladder prolapse or wound dehiscence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative management with tunneled epidural and central venous catheters in newborn infants with bladder exstrophy facilitates immobilization, analgesia and sedation, resulting in an excellent cosmetic repair with no case of bladder prolapse or wound dehiscence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. skostby1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kost-Byerly
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaster
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: Ranjiv I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gearhart
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D019990:Perioperative Care; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D003975:Diazepam; D002045:Bupivacaine