title: Sleep apnea and REM sleep behavior disorder in patients with Chiari malformations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chiari malformations (CM) may result in the appearance of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) that can be considered markers of brain stem dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of RBD and SAS in patients with CM type I and II.
  
  
  METHODS
  Were evaluated 103 patients with CM by means of full night polysomnography. Were scoring different sleep stages, frequency of abnormal movements (through video monitoring) and abnormal respiratory events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 103 patients, 36 showed CM type I and 67 CM type II. Episodes of RBD were observed in 23 patients. Abnormal apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was observed in 65 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high rate of RBD suggests that this parassomnia and the increased frequency of central sleep apnea episodes, may be considered as a marker of progressive brain stem dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Brasilia University, Brasilia, Brazil. pazeredo@linkexpress.com.br
authors.forename: Paulo Sérgio A
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Henriques-Filho
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pratesi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D020187:REM Sleep Behavior Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult