title: Peroxisomal Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerases and evolution of cytosolic paralogues in embryophytes.
abstract: Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerase (ECI) is an enzyme that participates in the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids through the beta-oxidation cycle. Three genes encoding Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerases and named AtECI1, AtECI2 and AtECI3 have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. When expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all three ECI proteins were targeted to the peroxisomes and enabled the yeast Deltaeci1 mutant to degrade 10Z-heptadecenoic acid, demonstrating Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerase activity in vivo. Fusion proteins between yellow fluorescent protein and AtECI1 or AtECI2 were targeted to the peroxisomes in onion epidermal cells and Arabidopsis root cells, but a similar fusion protein with AtECI3 remained in the cytosol for both tissues. AtECI3 targeting to peroxisomes in S. cerevisiae was dependent on yeast PEX5, while expression of Arabidopsis PEX5 in yeast failed to target AtECI3 to peroxisomes. AtECI2 and AtECI3 are tandem duplicated genes and show a high level of amino acid conservation, except at the C-terminus; AtECI2 ends with the well conserved peroxisome targeting signal 1 (PTS1) terminal tripeptide PKL, while AtECI3 possesses a divergent HNL terminal tripeptide. Evolutionary analysis of ECI genes in plants revealed several independent duplication events, with duplications occurring in rice and Medicago truncatula, generating homologues with divergent C-termini and no recognizable PTS1. All plant ECI genes analyzed, including AtECI3, are under negative purifying selection, implying functionality of the cytosolic AtECI3. Analysis of the mammalian and fungal genomes failed to identify cytosolic variants of the Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerase, indicating that evolution of cytosolic Delta(3),Delta(2)-enoyl CoA isomerases is restricted to the plant kingdom.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Biophore, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goepfert
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidoudez
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tellgren-Roth
authors.forename: Syndie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delessert
authors.forename: J Kalervo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poirier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology; D064006:Dodecenoyl-CoA Isomerase; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D020440:Gene Duplication; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000074435:Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D000074435:Peroxisome-Targeting Signal 1 Receptor; D018749:RNA, Plant; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases; D064006:Dodecenoyl-CoA Isomerase