title: Co-cultures of multiple cell types mimic pulmonary cell communication in response to urban PM10.
abstract: The current authors evaluated whether a system of co-cultures of relevant cells (pneumocytes (A549), macrophages (THP-1), mast cells (HMC-1) and endothelial cells (EAHY926)) would mimic the responses to particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM(10)) previously reported in vivo. The role of mast cells was considered of special interest. Single cultures, bicultures (A549 + HMC-1 in a 10:1 ratio; THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 2:1 ratio) and tricultures (A549 + THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 10:2:1 ratio) were exposed to urban PM(10) (24 h at 0, 10, 30 or 100 microg x cm(-2)). Additionally, EAHY926 cells were introduced in inserts above the tricultures. The released cytokines were evaluated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter array system. THP-1 + HMC-1 bicultures and the tricultures released more granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and MIP-1alpha in response to PM(10) than the sum of the single cultures. Tricultures with EAHY926 released more G-CSF, MIP-1alpha, IL-8 and MIP-1beta than the EAHY926 single culture. The bicultures, tricultures and tricultures with EAHY926 provide results that are consistent with the local and systemic effects previously described for particulate matter effects, i.e. inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and bone marrow cell mobilisation. Mast cells seem to play a significant role in the co-culture responses.
authors.affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Pneumology, Lung Toxicology Unit, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus-706, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium. ealfaro@salud.gob.mx
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alfaro-Moreno
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Nawrot
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Vanaudenaerde
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hoylaerts
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanoirbeek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nemery
authors.forename: P H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hoet
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000378:metabolism; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor