title: Botulinum toxin A in surgically overcorrected and undercorrected strabismus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin A injection in treating overcorrected and undercorrected strabismus after unsatisfactory postoperative alignment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the outcomes of 20 patients aged 5 to 56 years (mean 29.1 years) who had botulinum toxin A injection following their unsatisfactory operation. The motor outcomes (percentage of successful motor outcome and percentage change in deviation) were recorded at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, I year 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years after botulinum toxin injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean pre-botulinum toxin injection angle of deviation was 20.6 prism dioptors (PD). Six of 20 (30%) patients maintained the successful position for the average of 2.66 years (range 1-4 years) with single injection. The mean percentage change of the deviation was 87.50%, 87.93 %, 73.05 % at 1, 2, and 3-year visit respectively. In 3 of 5 (60%) patients of consecutive esotropia, 4 of 8 (50%) residual esotropia, 1 of 4 (25%) of consecutive exotropia and 1 of 3 (33.33%) of residual exotropia had successful motor alignment at 6 month visit. There was no scleral perforation, visual loss, or retrobulbar hemorrhage from the injection treatment in the present study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Botulinum toxin A injection appears to be a safe and effective treatment for overcorrected and undercorrected strabismus after unsatisfactory surgery. It is very effective in rapid elimination postoperative diplopia. When the result is not adequate or the effect does not last long, repeat the injection or reoperation can be chose to perform later.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Priest Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. sorotw@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Sorot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wutthiphan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005099:Exotropia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A