title: Assessment of movement-evoked pain in osteoarthritis by the knee-bend and CatWalk tests: a clinically relevant study.
abstract: Although there are several reports on pain behavioral tests in rat models of knee osteoarthritis (OA), most of them focus on the paw. The aim of this study was to investigate pain-related behaviors on the affected knee joint, the primary source of nociception, in animals with mono-iodoacetate-induced OA, using the knee-bend (which provides information on movement pain) and pin-prick tests, and to evaluate nociception elicited by walking using the CatWalk test. The von Frey and Randall-Selitto tests applied to the paw allowed us to compare our study results with previous studies. A further aim was to compare the behavioral nociceptive responses of the most used doses of mono-iodoacetate, 2 and 3 mg. Knee-bend score of OA animals was higher than those of control animals throughout the study (P < .05). At every time point, the ipsilateral hind-paw load of OA rats, as measured by the CatWalk test, was lower than that of control rats (P < .05), and paw withdraw threshold to von Frey filaments was also decreased (P < .01). No changes were observed in pin-prick and Randall-Selitto tests. Results obtained with the 2 doses of mono-iodoacetate were similar. The knee-bend and CatWalk tests are effective for evaluating movement-related nociception, a hallmark of clinical OA, which was present throughout the experimental period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavioral characterization of models of OA pain is important and useful for use in future studies to test pharmacological treatments. Furthermore, it is important to find methods that correlate better with the human symptoms of OA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and IBMC, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira-Gomes
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adães
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro-Lopes
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007461:Iodoacetates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D007461:Iodoacetates