title: Broad spectrum bioactive sunscreens.
abstract: The development of sunscreens containing reduced concentration of chemical UV filters, even though, possessing broad spectrum effectiveness with the use of natural raw materials that improve and infer UV absorption is of great interest. Due to the structural similarities between polyphenolic compounds and organic UV filters, they might exert photoprotection activity. The objective of the present research work was to develop bioactive sunscreen delivery systems containing rutin, Passiflora incarnata L. and Plantago lanceolata extracts associated or not with organic and inorganic UV filters. UV transmission of the sunscreen delivery system films was performed by using diffuse transmittance measurements coupling to an integrating sphere. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated according to the following parameters: estimated sun protection factor (SPF); Boot's Star Rating category; UVA/UVB ratio; and critical wavelength (lambda(c)). Sunscreen delivery systems obtained SPF values ranging from 0.972+/-0.004 to 28.064+/-2.429 and bioactive compounds interacted with the UV filters positive and negatively. This behavior may be attributed to: the composition of the delivery system; the presence of inorganic UV filter and quantitative composition of the organic UV filters; and the phytochemical composition of the P. incarnata L. and P. lanceolata extracts. Among all associations of bioactive compounds and UV filters, we found that the broad spectrum sunscreen was accomplished when 1.68% (w/w) P. incarnata L. dry extract was in the presence of 7.0% (w/w) ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2.0% (w/w) benzophenone-3 and 2.0% (w/w) TiO(2). It was demonstrated that this association generated estimated SPF of 20.072+/-0.906 and it has improved the protective defense against UVA radiation accompanying augmentation of the UVA/UVB ratio from 0.49 to 0.52 and lambda(c) from 364 to 368.6nm.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Valéria Robles
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Fernanda Daud
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Sarruf
authors.forename: Idalina Maria Nunes
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Salgado-Santos
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Haroutiounian-Filho
authors.forename: Telma Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: André Rolim
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Baby
mesh_terms: D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D029598:Passiflora; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010943:Plantago; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D002934:Cinnamates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C516303:ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; C009495:titanium dioxide; D012431:Rutin; D003094:Collagen; C005290:oxybenzone; D014025:Titanium