title: Viral efficacy maintained and safety parameters improved with a reduced dose of stavudine: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stavudine (d4T) is a potent but potentially toxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is still widely used in developing countries. This study's aim was to determine the efficacy and safety profile of lower-dose d4T.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-centre, open-label, single-arm, pilot, 48-week study in French patients weighing >60 kg with viral load <400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL who were receiving d4T 40 mg twice daily and then switched to 30 mg twice daily. The primary endpoint was the proportion with plasma viral load <400 copies/mL at week 24. Secondary endpoints included the proportion with <50 copies/mL at weeks 24 and 48, changes in mitochondrial DNA, CD4 cell count and pharmacokinetics, and clinical and laboratory safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven patients enrolled. Baseline CD4 count was 584 cells/microL; viral loads were <400 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL in 100% and 89%, respectively. Prior antiretroviral drug exposure was 6.9 years, d4T exposure was 6.3 years. Fifty-six out of 57 (98%) patients had viral load <400 copies/mL and 51 (89%) had viral load <50 copies/mL at week 24. Median CD4 count increased by 63 cells/microL at week 48 (P=0.006). At 48 weeks, total cholesterol decreased by 0.24 mmol (P=0.02), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.15 mmol (P=0.0001) and alanine aminotransferase by 5.74 mg/dL (P=0.01). Paired baseline DNA and week 24 RNA mutations were unchanged. Mitochondrial DNA (copies/cell) content increased from 672+/-254 to 682+/-269. d4T area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) decreased by 31% (P=0.003) and C(max) by 44% (P=0.004). Clinical and laboratory parameters improved or were unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced-dose d4T is effective with improved safety parameters.
authors.affiliation: Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ait-Mohand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonmarchand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guiguet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slama
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marguet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amellal
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bennai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peytavin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pialoux
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katlama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018119:Stavudine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D018119:Stavudine