title: Structure of Epac2 in complex with a cyclic AMP analogue and RAP1B.
abstract: Epac proteins are activated by binding of the second messenger cAMP and then act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rap proteins. The Epac proteins are involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and insulin secretion. Here we have determined the structure of Epac2 in complex with a cAMP analogue (Sp-cAMPS) and RAP1B by X-ray crystallography and single particle electron microscopy. The structure represents the cAMP activated state of the Epac2 protein with the RAP1B protein trapped in the course of the exchange reaction. Comparison with the inactive conformation reveals that cAMP binding causes conformational changes that allow the cyclic nucleotide binding domain to swing from a position blocking the Rap binding site towards a docking site at the Ras exchange motif domain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Chemistry, Centre for Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.rehmann@UMCutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rehmann
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arias-Palomo
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hadders
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwede
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.forename: Johannes L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C486707:Rapgef4 protein, mouse; D013873:Thionucleotides; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; C116753:RAP1B protein, human; D020668:rap GTP-Binding Proteins