title: WT1 induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 represents a novel mechanism of growth suppression.
abstract: In its role as a tumor suppressor, WT1 transactivates several genes that are regulators of cell growth and differentiation pathways. For instance, WT1 induces the expression of the cell cycle regulator p21, the growth-regulating glycoprotein amphiregulin, the proapoptotic gene Bak, and the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor Sprouty1. Here, we show that WT1 transactivates another important negative regulator of the Ras/MAPK pathway, MAPK phosphatase 3 (MKP3). In a WT1-inducible cell line that exhibits decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis on expression of WT1, microarray analysis showed that MKP3 is the most highly induced gene. This was confirmed by real-time PCR where MKP3 and other members of the fibroblast growth factor 8 syn expression group, which includes Sprouty 1 and the Ets family of transcription factors, were induced rapidly following WT1 expression. WT1 induction was associated with a block in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation, an effect mediated by MKP3. In the presence of a dominant-negative MKP3, WT1 could no longer block phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Lastly, when MKP3 expression is down-regulated by short hairpin RNA, WT1 is less able to block Ras-mediated transformation of 3T3 cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Marianne K H
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Windy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berkofsky-Fessler
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Licht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D054642:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras); D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025721:WT1 Proteins; D051524:Fibroblast Growth Factor 8; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D054642:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)