title: Second trimester amniotic fluid transferrin and uric acid predict infant birth outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether second trimester amniotic fluid protein and/or uric acid concentrations were associated with and predictive of infant birth weight and/or gestational age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Second trimester amniotic fluid samples (n = 230) in mothers undergoing age-related amniocentesis for genetic testing were collected and quantified using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for albumin, IgG, transferrin and uric acid. Maternal characteristics (prepregnancy weight and height, parity, ethnicity, smoking status) and infant birth weight, gestational age and gender were obtained from questionnaires and maternal obstetrical chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preterm infants had higher concentrations of second trimester amniotic fluid transferrin than term infants (P = 0.0215). Transferrin was negatively associated with length of gestation, whereas uric acid was positively associated with the gestational age in spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) infants. Uric acid was also a significant predictor of the infant birth weight in grams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second trimester amniotic fluid transferrin and uric acid concentrations are related to subsequent birth outcomes and might emerge as biomarkers of early fetal development.
authors.affiliation: School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Nadine R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Zablith
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Kristine G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Koski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight / Q000378:metabolism*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000378:metabolism*; D014168:Transferrin / Q000032:analysis*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014168:Transferrin; D014527:Uric Acid