title: First-trimester maternal alcohol consumption and the risk of infant oral clefts in Norway: a population-based case-control study.
abstract: Although alcohol is a recognized teratogen, evidence is limited on alcohol intake and oral cleft risk. The authors examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and oral clefts in a national, population-based case-control study of infants born in 1996-2001 in Norway. Participants were 377 infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, 196 with cleft palate only, and 763 controls. Mothers reported first-trimester alcohol consumption in self-administered questionnaires completed within a few months after delivery. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for confounders. Compared with nondrinkers, women who reported binge-level drinking (>or=5 drinks per sitting) were more likely to have an infant with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (odds ratio = 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 4.2) and cleft palate only (odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 5.6). Odds ratios were higher among women who binged on three or more occasions: odds ratio = 3.2 for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 10.2) and odds ratio = 3.0 for cleft palate only (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 13.0). Maternal binge-level drinking may increase the risk of infant clefts.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC 27709, USA. DeRooL@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: DeRoo
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.forename: Rolv Terje
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Lie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires