title: Penile injection with silicone: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liquid injectable silicone (LIS) has been used for soft tissue augmentation in excess of 50 years. Until recently, all literature on penile augmentation with LIS consisted of case reports or small cases series, most involving surgical intervention to correct the complications of LIS. New formulations of LIS and new methodologies for injection have renewed interest in this procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We reported a case of penile augmentation with LIS and reviewed the pertinent literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed. We performed additional searches based on references from relevant review articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injection of medical grade silicone for soft tissue augmentation has a role in carefully controlled study settings. Historically, the use of LIS for penile augmentation has had poor outcomes and required surgical intervention to correct complications resulting from LIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We currently discourage the use of LIS for penile augmentation until carefully designed and evaluated trials have been completed.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Diego-Division of Urology, San Diego, CA 92103-8897, USA. jsilberstein@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silberstein
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; C013830:baysilon