title: Partial breast irradiation with interstitial high-dose-rate brachytherapy in early breast cancer: results of a phase II prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate, in a phase II prospective study, the efficacy of partial breast irradiation administered with high-dose-rate brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  After conservative surgery 80 patients with low-risk early-stage breast cancer received 4 Gy twice a day for 4 days (total dose 32 Gy). Catheter implantation was performed during surgery in 15 cases and postoperatively, at a median of 8 weeks from surgery, in 65 patients. Adjuvant therapy was chemotherapy (8) and/or hormone therapy (61).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cosmetic results were good/excellent in 79 patients. Perioperative toxicity was very low. Acute skin toxicity developed in seven cases (six G1; one G2); late G3 cutaneous toxicity in one patient and late subcutaneous toxicity in five (three G1; two G2). Grade 1 teleangiectasia occurred in eight patients and grade 2 in one. Fat necrosis was symptomatic in one patient and asymptomatic in five. Only one patient presented pain after brachytherapy. A significantly (p=0.001) higher frequency of late toxicity was observed in patients implanted during surgery, the group, which included the only patient with a fair cosmetic result. No local or regional relapses have occurred to date. The median follow-up was 30 months (range 3-52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This strategy is a viable option in selected patients with early-stage breast cancer as it is feasible, reproducible and associated with very low perioperative and acute toxicity. The low incidence of late side effects will probably change as follow-up lengthens.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy. cynthia.aristei@unipg.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aristei
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cucciarelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarducci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Raymondi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perrucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rulli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome