title: Evaluation of the transfusion safety of blood products and determination of plasma concentrations of acitretin and etretinate in patients receiving transfusions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acitretin and etretinate are potentially teratogenic. Many people taking acitretin for psoriasis have donated blood during the deferral period in Korea. Therefore, many of the blood products from these donors treated with acitretin have been circulated in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A high-performance liquid chromatography system (HP 1050, Agilent Technologies) was used to measure the drug concentrations in five blood products and in patients. Sixty patients taking acitretin were enrolled to determine their plasma drug levels. Forty-one female patients were recruited to investigate the residual plasma levels of acitretin and etretinate in relation to their teratogenicity. We calculated the elimination rate of acitretin and etretinate during the manufacturing process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty individuals taking acitretin expressed variable acitretin (<2.0-206.8 ng/mL) and etretinate levels (<2.0-9.1 ng/mL). All patients that had a transfusion had concentrations of acitretin and etretinate lower than the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ; 2 ng/mL). The concentrations of acitretin and etretinate in five blood products were less than the LLOQ. Approximately 98.84 percent (log value, 1.94) of the acitretin and 99.93 percent (log value, 3.14) of the etretinate was eliminated during the manufacturing process of albumin. More than 99.99 percent (log values, 5.95-15.76) of acitretin and etretinate was eliminated during the manufacturing processing of immunoglobulin and blood coagulation factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed the effective manufacturing processing of various blood products. We also demonstrated that individuals receiving transfusions with blood products originating from donors treated with acitretin were not at risk for significant exposure to the acitretin and etretinate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Doo
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hye-Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-Heung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wooseong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Jai-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Hyung-Gun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoon-Gyoon
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung-Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D017255:Acitretin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D001782:Blood Donors; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005050:Etretinate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D013723:Teratogens; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D013723:Teratogens; D005050:Etretinate; D017255:Acitretin