Mechanisms and implications of adaptive immune responses after traumatic spinal cord injury.
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals causes widespread glial activation and recruitment to the CNS of innate (e.g. neutrophils, monocytes) and adaptive (e.g. T and B lymphocytes) immune cells. To date, most studies have sought to understand or manipulate the post-traumatic functions of astrocytes, microglia, neutrophils or monocytes. Significantly less is known about the consequences of SCI-induced lymphocyte activation. Yet, emerging data suggest that T and B cells are activated by SCI and play significant roles in shaping post-traumatic inflammation and downstream cascades of neurodegeneration and repair. Here, we provide neurobiologists with a timely review of the mechanisms and implications of SCI-induced lymphocyte activation, including a discussion of different experimental strategies that have been designed to manipulate lymphocyte function for therapeutic gain.
Ankeny
D P
DP
Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Biomedical Research Tower-Room 786, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Popovich
P G
PG
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009187:Myelitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology