title: A nomogram predicting metastatic progression after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and internally validate a nomogram predicting the individual probability of metastatic progression after radical prostatectomy according to the length of disease-free interval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cox regression modeled the probability of metastatic progression of prostate cancer in 752 patients treated with radical prostatectomy with a mean follow up of 11.6 years (median 11.4; range 0.1-40.5). The significance of the predictors was confirmed in competing risks analysis, which accounts for other causes of mortality. The Cox regression model-based nomogram was internally validated with 200 bootstrap resamples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-five of 752 patients (11.3%) developed metastatic progression. The 5, 10, 15 and 20-year actuarial rates of metastatic progression-free survival were, respectively, 95.9, 90.5, 84.8 and 80.5%. Pathological stage T3, elevated radical prostatectomy Gleason sum and delivery of adjuvant radiotherapy represented independent predictors of metastatic progression in both Cox and competing risks regression models, and constituted the nomogram predictors along with a fourth variable describing the presence of co-morbidities. After 200 bootstrap resamples the nomogram achieved 80.2, 77.7, 77.6 and 76.0% accuracy in predicting metastatic progression at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metastatic progression is a sign of poor prognosis in men with prostate cancer. Our nomogram is able to accurately predict the conditional probability of metastatic progression up to 20 years after radical prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Nazareno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suardi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Capitanio
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Correa
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeldres
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perrotte
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D049451:Nomograms; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*