title: Prospective comparison of FDG and FET PET/CT in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical usefulness of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is now well-documented. However, its sensitivity is greater than its specificity due to false-positive results in inflammatory or infectious lesions, which are frequent in this area, in particular after treatment by surgery and/or radiotherapy. O-2-fluoro-(18F)-ethyl-L-thyrosine (FET) has been reported not to be taken up by such lesions, and a preliminary study indicated that this may be clinically useful in HNSCC. We performed a prospective study to compare the diagnostic performances of FDG and FET PET/CT in the different settings of HNSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients (20 men and seven women, aged 48-76, among 30 patients included) and 69 suspected cancer sites are now evaluable on basis of postsurgical histology and/or follow-up greater than 6 months; 15 patients were referred for initial staging and 12 during posttherapy follow-up, a recurrence being suspected in eight of them. FDG and FET PET/CT were performed on two different days, the patient fasting for 6 h, 1 h after injection of 5 MBq/kg of body mass of each radiopharmaceutical. Both PET/CT examinations were blind read more than 6 months after the end of inclusions in a random order for each tracer and with a time interval greater than 1 month between FDG and FET PET/CT blind readings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall diagnostic performances, derived from blind reading: FDG PET/CT on a per patient basis: sensitivity 100%, specificity 71%, accuracy 93%; FDG PET/CT on a per site basis: sensitivity 95%, specificity 63%, accuracy 83%; FET PET/CT on a per patient basis: sensitivity 70%, specificity 100%, accuracy 78%; FET PET/CT on a per site basis: sensitivity 64%, specificity 100%, accuracy 78%. At site level, sensitivity was significantly greater with FDG (p<0.02) and specificity with FET (p<0.01). The statistical level of significance was not reached at patient level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although its good specificity was confirmed, FET did not appear to be suited as a first-line PET tracer in HNSCC imaging and cannot replace FDG for staging due to insufficient sensitivity. However, it was useful in a few selected cases to favor a wait and see attitude when a FDG+ FET- focus was discovered in patients referred for systematic FDG PET during follow-up. In contrast, second primary cancers should not be ruled out if FDG was clearly positive in the lungs or the digestive tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hopital Tenon AP-HP and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. sona.balogova@kapor.sk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balogova
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Périé
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerrou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grahek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montravers
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Angelard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Susini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: El Chater
authors.forename: J Lacau
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: St Guily
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; C117289:O-(2-fluoroethyl)tyrosine; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D014443:Tyrosine