title: Genomic and genetic analysis of Myb-related genes that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin.
abstract: As a result of natural hybridization and human selection over millennia, the skin colors of grapes have become greatly diversified. The color is determined by the quantity and composition of anthocyanins. Color-skinned cultivars accumulate anthocyanins in their skins, whereas white-skinned cultivars do not. Myb-related transcription-factor genes such as VvmybA1 regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. VvMYBA2r, VlmybA1-1, VlmybA1-2, and VlmybA2, which are homologs of VvmybA1, also regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, we isolated a novel Myb-related sequence, VlmybA1-3, from cultivars of Vitis labruscana (Vitis vinifera x Vitis labrusca) by means of inverse PCR, and confirmed by means of transient gene expression assay that the gene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape berry skin. Seedlings of V. labruscana with two functional haplotypes at a region of berry color loci accumulated more anthocyanins than seedlings with a single functional haplotype. In addition, we investigated the haplotypes at the region in 35 cultivars (both V. vinifera and V. labruscana), and found certain typical characteristics. These findings will contribute to the selection of seedlings with high anthocyanin quantities in breeding programs for wine and table grapes, and will help elucidate the origin and evolution of Vitis species.
authors.affiliation: Grape and Persimmon Research Station, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Akitsu 301-2, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan.
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshihito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yakushiji
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshita
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001947:Breeding; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006239:Haplotypes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant