title: Regulation of adipose triglyceride lipase by rosiglitazone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the mechanism by which rosiglitazone regulates adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57Bl/6 mice were treated with rosiglitazone daily (10 mg/kg body weight), and adipose tissues were weighed and preserved for mRNA and protein analysis of ATGL. In parallel, preadipocyte (3T3-L1) cells were differentiated with insulin/dexamethasone/3-isobutyl-1-methlxanthine cocktail or rosiglitazone, and ATGL levels were measured with real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosiglitazone concomitantly promoted differentiation of pre-adipocytes to functional adipocytes and induced mRNA levels of ATGL. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) antagonist bisphenol A diglycidyl ether significantly abrogated the induction of mRNA, but not protein levels of ATGL by rosiglitazone in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the presence of epinephrine rosiglitazone stimulated free fatty acid release and increased diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) mRNA suggest that ATGL and DGAT-1 may be cooperatively involved in rosiglitazone-stimulated triglyceride hydrolysis and fatty acid re-esterification in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with rosiglitazone or insulin did not appear to alter localization of ATGL staining surrounding lipid droplets. Finally, we found that rosiglitazone increased ATGL mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, suggesting that rosiglitazone regulation of ATGL occurs at the transcriptional level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone directly regulates transcription of ATGL, likely through a PPARgamma-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: L-F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purushotham
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DeIuliis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belury
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008049:Lipase; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000217:Acyltransferases; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008049:Lipase; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C494445:PNPLA2 protein, mouse; D000217:Acyltransferases; C019273:bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds