title: Comparison of baseline dietary intake of Hispanic and matched non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors enrolled in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the reported baseline dietary intake of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study, a randomized plant-based dietary intervention clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary data from 4 days repeated 24-hour recalls within 3 weeks included daily total intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, total fat, monounsaturated fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, fruit/vegetable servings, carotenoids, alcohol, caffeine, and percentage of energy from protein, carbohydrates, alcohol, and fats.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-five Hispanic breast cancer survivors age-matched to 165 non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors diagnosed with Stage I, II, or IIIA primary operable breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-sample t tests and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to compare dietary intake, and logistic and ordinal logistic regression analyses to examine the association between ethnicity, alcohol, and lycopene consumption, while controlling for place of birth, education, body mass index, and time since diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hispanics were more likely to be foreign-born (P<0.001), less educated (P<0.0001) and to consume higher amounts of lycopene (P=0.029), while non-Hispanic whites were more likely to consume alcohol (P=0.001). However, no differences were observed in the average amounts of alcohol consumed or total percents of energy from alcohol. Both groups consumed more than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Being Hispanic remained a significant predictor of lower alcohol use (P=0.004) and higher lycopene consumption (P=0.005) after controlling for place of birth, education, body mass index, and time since diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are more similarities than differences in the dietary intake of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white breast cancer survivors in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living study. Further analysis is needed to determine if higher lycopene consumption shown among the Hispanic participants will translate to greater protection against breast cancer recurrence or increased survival.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research on Minority Health, Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. mahernandez@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hernández-Valero
authors.forename: Cynthia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Taylor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Detry
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Theriault
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hajek
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Shirley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Flatt
authors.forename: Bette J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Caan
authors.forename: Lovell A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015438:Health Behavior; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D000077276:Lycopene; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D014675:Vegetables; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene