title: Cocaine but not natural reward self-administration nor passive cocaine infusion produces persistent LTP in the VTA.
abstract: Persistent drug-seeking behavior is hypothesized to co-opt the brain's natural reward-motivational system. Although ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons represent a crucial component of this system, the synaptic adaptations underlying natural rewards and drug-related motivation have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that self-administration of cocaine, but not passive cocaine infusions, produced a persistent potentiation of VTA excitatory synapses, which was still present after 3 months abstinence. Further, enhanced synaptic function in VTA was evident even after 3 weeks of extinction training. Food or sucrose self-administration induced only a transient potentiation of VTA glutamatergic signaling. Our data show that synaptic function in VTA DA neurons is readily but reversibly enhanced by natural reward-seeking behavior, while voluntary cocaine self-administration induced a persistent synaptic enhancement that is resistant to behavioral extinction. Such persistent synaptic potentiation in VTA DA neurons may represent a fundamental cellular phenomenon driving pathological drug-seeking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Billy T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M Scott
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: F Woodward
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Hopf
authors.forename: Anitra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Guillory
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carelli
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D012646:Self Administration; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine