title: Expression and localization of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN1 and OCTN2 in ocular epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The existence of an organic cation transport process in rabbit cornea and conjunctiva that mediates absorption of carnitine has previously been suggested. This study was conducted to determine the expression and localization of the carnitine/organic cation transporter (OCTN1 and OCTN2) in corneal or conjunctival epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for OCTN1 and OCTN2 mRNA expression in cultured human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) or human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. Immunofluorescence staining with polyclonal antibody against human OCTN1 or OCTN2 was performed to investigate transporter expression in ocular epithelial cells or rabbit corneal and conjunctival epithelium. Polarity of the transporter expression was determined using Western blot analysis of the apical or basal membrane proteins extracted from the cultured cells. Apical or basal uptake of [H(3)]-L-carnitine was determined using the polarized epithelial cells grown onto collagen-coated porous filter support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OCTN1 and OCTN2 mRNA expression was detected in HCLE and HCjE cells of rabbits and humans. OCTN1 and OCTN2 were predominately localized in the apical membranes of the cells. HCLE and HCjE cells were able to take up L-carnitine; most carnitine uptake occurred through the apical surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is the first to document OCTN1 and OCTN2 expression in human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. These findings suggest potential involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 in the transport of carnitine in ocular tissues.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Eye Research, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia. q.garrett@ier.org.au
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Shunjiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vehige
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Willcox
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002331:Carnitine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017136:Ion Transport; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; D027981:Symporters
chemical_list: D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C109807:SLC22A4 protein, human; C492020:SLC22A5 protein, human; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; D027981:Symporters; D002331:Carnitine