title: Blocking acid-sensing ion channel 1 alleviates Huntington's disease pathology via an ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent mechanism.
abstract: Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Despite a tremendous effort to develop therapeutic tools in several HD models, there is no effective cure at present. Acidosis has been observed previously in cellular and in in vivo models as well as in the brains of HD patients. Here we challenged HD models with amiloride (Ami) derivative benzamil (Ben), a chemical agent used to rescue acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC)-dependent acidotoxicity, to examine whether chronic acidosis is an important part of the HD pathomechanism and whether these drugs could be used as novel therapeutic agents. Ben markedly reduced the huntingtin-polyglutamine (htt-polyQ) aggregation in an inducible cellular system, and the therapeutic value of Ben was successfully recapitulated in the R6/2 animal model of HD. To reveal the mechanism of action, Ben was found to be able to alleviate the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activity, resulting in enhanced degradation of soluble htt-polyQ specifically in its pathological range. More importantly, we were able to demonstrate that blocking the expression of a specific isoform of ASIC (asic1a), one of the many molecular targets of Ben, led to an enhancement of UPS activity and this blockade also decreased htt-polyQ aggregation in the striatum of R6/2 mice. In conclusion, we believe that chemical compounds that target ASIC1a or pharmacological alleviation of UPS inhibition would be an effective and promising approach to combat HD and other polyQ-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Structural Neuropathology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Hon Kit
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Peter O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Washizu
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosaki
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knöpfel
authors.forename: Takemichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nukina
mesh_terms: D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D000328:Adult; D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: C568266:ASIC1 protein, human; C568267:ASIC1 protein, mouse; D062565:Acid Sensing Ion Channels; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; C013407:benzamil; C097188:polyglutamine; D000584:Amiloride