title: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy for cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small clinical studies of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy for cardiac repair after acute myocardial infarction (MI) have yielded divergent results. The effect of G-CSF therapy on left ventricular (LV) function and structure in these patients remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, CINAHL, and the Cochrane CENTRAL database of controlled clinical trials (July 2007) for randomized controlled trials of G-CSF therapy in patients with acute MI. We conducted a fixed-effects meta-analysis across 8 eligible studies (n = 385 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, G-CSF therapy increased LV ejection fraction (EF) by 1.09%, increased LV scar size by 0.22%, decreased LV end-diastolic volume by 4.26 mL, and decreased LV end-systolic volume by 2.50 mL. None of these effects were statistically significant. The risk of death, recurrent MI, and in-stent restenosis was similar in G-CSF-treated patients and controls. Subgroup analysis revealed a modest but statistically significant increase in EF (4.73%, P < .0001) with G-CSF therapy in studies that enrolled patients with mean EF <50% at baseline. Subgroup analysis also showed a significant increase in EF (4.65%, P < .0001) when G-CSF was administered relatively early (< or =37 hours) after the acute event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy in unselected patients with acute MI appears safe but does not provide an overall benefit. Subgroup analyses suggest that G-CSF therapy may be salutary in acute MI patients with LV dysfunction and when started early. Larger randomized studies may be conducted to evaluate the potential benefits of early G-CSF therapy in acute MI patients with LV dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdel-Latif
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bolli
authors.forename: Ewa K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Zuba-Surma
authors.forename: Imad M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Tleyjeh
authors.forename: Carlton A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Buddhadeb
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dawn
mesh_terms: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor