Alpha-adducin polymorphism associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes: results from GENEtic Substudy of the INternational VErapamil SR-trandolapril STudy (INVEST-GENES).
BACKGROUND
The alpha-adducin (ADD1) Gly460Trp polymorphism has been associated with hypertension and response to diuretic therapy, but controversy exists.


METHODS
The present study was conducted to prospectively investigate the relationship among the ADD1 Gly460Trp polymorphism, diuretic use, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes among 5,979 patients with hypertensive coronary artery disease, who participated in the INVEST and provided genomic DNA. The primary outcome was defined as the first occurrence of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were the components of the primary outcome. Ancestry informative markers were used to control for population stratification.


RESULTS
In blacks, ADD1 variant carriers were at higher risk for a primary outcome event than wild-type homozygotes (adjusted hazard ratio 2.62, 95% CI 1.23-5.58, P = .012), with a similar trend in whites and Hispanics, albeit a smaller magnitude of effect (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, 0.86-2.39 in Hispanics; 1.24, 0.90-1.71 in whites). Secondary outcome analysis showed that the all-cause death was driving the differences in primary outcomes by genotype. There was no interaction between the ADD1 polymorphism and diuretic use for either primary outcome or secondary outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
In hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease, black ADD1 variant carriers showed a 2.6-fold excess risk for a primary outcome event and an 8-fold increase risk of death. White and Hispanic ADD1 variant carriers showed an increased but nonsignificant excess risk. However, the effect of diuretic use on risk of cardiovascular outcomes did not vary by ADD1 carrier status.
Gerhard
Tobias
T
College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA.
Gong
Yan
Y
Beitelshees
Amber L
AL
Mao
Xianyun
X
Lobmeyer
Maximilian T
MT
Cooper-DeHoff
Rhonda M
RM
Langaee
Taimour Y
TY
Schork
Nicholas J
NJ
Shriver
Mark D
MD
Pepine
Carl J
CJ
Johnson
Julie A
JA
D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics; D000099291:Adducins
D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004232:Diuretics; D000099291:Adducins