title: Identification of neoplasias of breast tissues using a powder diffractometer.
abstract: An investigation was carried out to study the potential use of the angular distribution of scattered photons by human breast samples for a rapid identification of neoplasias of breast tissues. This technique has possible applications as diagnostic aid for breast cancer. In this work, a commercial powder diffractometer was used to obtain the scattering profiles from breast tissues histopathologically classified as normal breast tissues, fibroadenomas (benign breast diseases) and carcinomas (malignant breast diseases), in the interval 0.02A(-1) < x < 0.62A(-1). The experimental methods and data corrections are discussed in detail, and they included background subtraction, polarization, self-attenuation and geometric effects. The validation of the experimental procedure was achieved through an analysis of water sample. The results showed that the scattering profile is a unique impression of each type of tissue, being correlated with their microscopic morphological features. Multivariate analysis was applied to these profiles in order to verify if the information carried by these scattering profiles allow the differentiation between normal, benign and malignant breast tissues. The statistical analysis results showed that a correct identification of 75% of the analyzed samples is accomplished. The values of sensibility and specificity of this method in correctly differentiating between normal and neoplastic samples were 95.6% and 82.3%, respectively, while the values for differentiation between benign and malignant neoplasias were 78.6% and 62.5%. These initial results indicate the feasible use of commercial powder diffractometer to provide a rapid diagnostic with a high sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Física e Matemática, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Otávio R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: André L C
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: Diego M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Poletti
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pelá
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011208:Powders; D011522:Protons; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D011522:Protons