title: Analysis of captan, folpet, and captafol in apples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography.
abstract: A novel method was developed for the determination of captan, folpet, and captafol in apples by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Some experimental parameters that influence the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of the disperser solvents and extraction solvents, extraction time, and addition of salt, were studied and optimized to obtain the best extraction results. Under the optimum conditions, high enrichment factors for the compounds were achieved ranging from 824 to 912. The recoveries of fungicides in apples at spiking levels of 20.0 microg kg(-1) and 70.0 microg kg(-1) were 93.0-109.5% and 95.4-107.7%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the apple samples at 30.0 microg kg(-1) of each fungicide were in the range from 3.8 to 4.9%. The limits of detection were between 3.0 and 8.0 microg kg(-1). The linearity of the method ranged from 10 to 100 microg kg(-1) for the three fungicides, with correlation coefficients (r (2)) varying from 0.9982 to 0.9997. The obtained results show that the DLLME combined with GC-ECD can satisfy the requirements for the determination of fungicides in apple samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Juntao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingzhao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jingjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Guohong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002215:Captan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010797:Phthalimides / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012492:Salts; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D010797:Phthalimides; D012492:Salts; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; C001614:captafol; D002215:Captan; C005020:folpet