title: Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: relationship with anxiety and depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between either depression or anxiety early in pregnancy, and nausea and vomiting, in a clinical sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anxiety and depression scores of 230 women were investigated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) were scored by using the Rhode's system. These scores and demographic data were compared and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant correlation between Rhode's score and both anxiety (r=0.388, P < 0.001) and depression score, (r=0.351, P < 0.001) was found. Gestational age showed and inverse correlation with anxiety scores (P=0.019). There was no significant correlation between demographic data and anxiety/depression scores, or Rhode's scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between anxiety and depression early in pregnancyand severity of NVP.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. gulengulkoken@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Gülengül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Köken
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmazer
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosar
authors.forename: Figen Kir
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Serhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cevrioglu
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gecici
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048968:Morning Sickness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology