title: Dual signaling of MyD88 and TRIF is critical for maximal TLR4-induced dendritic cell maturation.
abstract: TLR4 is a unique TLR because downstream signaling occurs via two separate pathways, as follows: MyD88 and Toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF). In this study, we compared and contrasted the interplay of these pathways between murine dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages during LPS stimulation. During TLR4 activation, neither pathway on its own was critical for up-regulation of costimulatory molecules in DCs, whereas the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules was largely TRIF dependent in macrophages. LPS-induced secreted factors, of which type I IFNs were one of the active components, played a larger role in promoting the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules in macrophages than DCs. In both cell types, MyD88 and TRIF pathways together accounted for the inflammatory response to LPS activation. Furthermore, signaling of both adaptors allowed maximal T cell priming by LPS-matured DCs, with MyD88 playing a larger role than TRIF. In sum, in our experimental systems, TRIF signaling plays a more important role in LPS-induced macrophage activation than in DC activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Bethany M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tesar
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology*; D045142:Cross-Priming / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C476286:Ticam1 protein, mouse; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse