title: The role of apoptosis in early embryonic development of the adenohypophysis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apoptosis is involved in fundamental processes of life, like embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, or immune defense. Defects in apoptosis cause or contribute to developmental malformation, cancer, and degenerative disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The developing adenohypophysis area of rat fetuses was studied at the embryonic stage 13.5 (gestational day) for apoptotic and proliferative cell activities using histological serial sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high cell proliferation rate was observed throughout the adenohypophysis. In contrast, apoptotic cells visualized by evidence of active caspase-3, were detected only in the basal epithelial cones as an introducing event for fusion and closure of the pharyngeal roof.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can clearly show an increasing number of apoptotic events only at the basic fusion sides of the adenohypophysis as well as in the opening region of this organ. Apoptotic destruction of epithelial cells at the basal cones of the adenohypophysis begins even before differentiation of the adenohypophyseal cells and their contact with the neurohypophysis. In early stages of development, thus, apoptotic activity of the adenohypophysis is restricted to the basal areas mentioned. In our test animals, the adenohypophysis develops after closure of the anterior neuroporus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich Löffler Strasse 23c, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. weingaer@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weingärtner
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faltermeier
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Driemel
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleinheinz
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000196:embryology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3