title: Successful management of severe L-asparaginase-associated pancreatitis by continuous regional arterial infusion of protease inhibitor and antibiotic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  L-asparaginase is a key drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). However, L-asparaginase can cause a fatal complication of pancreatitis, and an effective treatment for L-asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP) has not been developed to date. The authors investigated whether rapidly treating children with AAP by continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) of protease inhibitor and antibiotic would quickly resolve AAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2000 and 2007, 104 pediatric patients with ALL or LBL were treated at the authors' affiliated hospitals with intensive regimens that included Escherichia coli-derived L-asparaginase. Six of 104 patients developed severe AAP. One patient was treated with intravenous infusion of protease inhibitor, and the remaining 5 patients received CRAI of protease inhibitor and antibiotic within 48 hours of the onset of AAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient who received intravenous protease inhibitor had pseudocyst formation and developed a subsequent leukemic recurrence after the interruption of chemotherapy for 4.5 months. In the other patients, AAP subsided within 2 to 6 days after the start of CRAI, and serious complications did not emerge. Significantly, chemotherapy could be resumed within 4 weeks (range, 12-23 days) after the onset of AAP, and the patients were in complete remission from 4 months to 44 months with further chemotherapy that excluded L-asparaginase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results indicated that early introduction of CRAI of protease inhibitor and antibiotic is suitable for treating severe AAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. akira@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Rumiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001215:Asparaginase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D001215:Asparaginase