title: TGF-beta induces connexin43 gene expression in normal murine mammary gland epithelial cells via activation of p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
abstract: One of the shared physiological roles between TGF-beta and connexin family members is to inhibit epithelial cell cycle progression and consequently, to provide protection against malignant transformation. Herein, we demonstrated that TGF-beta1 induces the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) in normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cell lines at the protein and mRNA levels, and transcriptionally. Using overexpression of a truncated dominant-negative form of Cx43, we determined that the modulation of gap junctional communication by TGF-beta1 plays a key role in the control of NMuMG cells proliferation by TGF-beta1. In addition, using overexpression of truncated dominant-negative forms of either Smad2 or Smad3, and MDA-MB-468 human breast carcinoma cells deficient for Smad4, we determined that the Smad cascade is not implicated in TGF-beta1 effect on Cx43 expression. Using specific pharmacologic inhibitors for JNK, ERK, p38, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, we demonstrated the cooperative role of p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling in TGF-beta1-induced Cx43 expression and gap junctional communication. Furthermore, transfection of a c-jun antisense expression vector significantly prevented TGF-beta1-induced Cx43 gene expression demonstrating the involvement of c-Jun/AP-1 pathway together with p38 and PI3K/AKT pathways in mediating TGF-beta1-induced Cx43 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U697, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tacheau
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loy
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mauviel
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verrecchia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014981:Xenopus; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018031:Connexin 43; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D051785:Smad Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases