title: [Optic nerve regeneration in adult mammals].
abstract: Axons of central neurons can regenerate in a peripheral nervous system milieu, by macrophage activation or by inhibition of Rho pathways. Among retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with axons regenerating into a transplanted peripheral nerve segment, Alpha/Y cells have the highest ability to regenerate axons and their axons extend fastest. OFF-center RGCs regenerate axons less effectively and are more vulnerable to axotomy than ON-center ones. RGC axons extended beyond the crushed site when oxidized galectine-1, a macrophage activator, was vitreously injected. Rho inhibitors were added to cultured retinae to learn their effect on axonal regeneration. Neurite extension from the retinae was promoted with 10-300 microM Y-27632 or 1-20 microM Y-39983 whereas glial processes extended in 100-300 microM Y-27632, 1-20 microM Y-39983 or 10-100 microM Fasudil. The injection of 100 microM Y-27632 or 10 microM Y-39983 into the vitreous and crush site resulted in robust regeneration of RGC axons while 10 microM Y-276932 caused fewer regenerated fibers and Fasudil caused no fibers. Thus neurite extension may be crucial for axonal regeneration and glial process extension may be beneficial for the regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan. mwatanabe@inst-hsc.jp
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000637:transplantation; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000502:physiology; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D037483:Galectin 1; D011725:Pyridines; C520365:Y-39983; C108830:Y 27632; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases