title: The role of cognitive functioning in medication adherence of children and adolescents with HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between cognitive functioning and medication adherence in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents, ages 3-18 (N = 1,429), received a cognitive evaluation and adherence assessment. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify associations between adherence and cognitive status, adjusting for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children's average cognitive performance was within the low-average range; 16% of children were cognitively impaired (MDI/FSIQ <70). Cognitive status was not associated with adherence to full medication regimens; however, children with borderline/low average cognitive functioning (IQ 70-84) had increased odds of nonadherence to the protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral therapy. Recent stressful life events and child health characteristics, such as HIV RNA detectability, were significantly associated with nonadherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive status plays a limited role in medication adherence. Child and caregiver psychosocial and health characteristics should inform interventions to support adherence.
authors.affiliation: Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, USA. kmalee@childrensmemorial.org
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malee
authors.forename: Paige L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Montepiedra
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sirois
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kammerer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents