Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: relationship with anxiety and depression.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between either depression or anxiety early in pregnancy, and nausea and vomiting, in a clinical sample.


METHODS
Anxiety and depression scores of 230 women were investigated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) were scored by using the Rhode's system. These scores and demographic data were compared and P < 0.05 was considered significant.


RESULTS
A significant correlation between Rhode's score and both anxiety (r=0.388, P < 0.001) and depression score, (r=0.351, P < 0.001) was found. Gestational age showed and inverse correlation with anxiety scores (P=0.019). There was no significant correlation between demographic data and anxiety/depression scores, or Rhode's scores.


CONCLUSIONS
There is an association between anxiety and depression early in pregnancyand severity of NVP.
Köken
Gülengül
G
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. gulengulkoken@yahoo.com
Yilmazer
Mehmet
M
Cosar
Emine
E
Sahin
Figen Kir
FK
Cevrioglu
Serhan
S
Gecici
Omer
O
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048968:Morning Sickness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology