title: Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor in nasal polyps by systemic and intranasal glucocorticoids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor response of nasal polyps to glucocorticoids (GCs) may be because of abnormal expression of GC receptors (GR) alpha and beta or to downregulation of GRalpha. We aimed to evaluate the in vivo regulation of GR isoforms in GC-treated nasal polyps and to assess the relationship between clinical response to GCs and GR levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with nasal polyps were randomly (3:1) treated (n = 51) or not (n = 14) with oral prednisone and intranasal budesonide for 2 weeks, plus intranasal budesonide for 10 additional weeks. Nasal symptoms were evaluated. Biopsies were obtained before (w0) and after 2 (w2) and 12 (w12) weeks of treatment, and analysed for their inflammatory content and GR mRNA (10(2) cDNA copies/mug total RNA) and protein (% immunoreactive inflammatory cells) expression. Healthy nasal mucosa (n = 11) was also investigated. Data are presented as median and 25-75th percentile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At w0, nasal polyps expressed less GRalpha mRNA (1343;683-2263; P < 0.05) and GR protein (41;29-54; P < 0.05) than nasal mucosa (2474;1346-2933; 60;51-72, respectively). GRbeta immunoreactivity was higher in nasal polyps (11;4-19; P < 0.05) than in nasal mucosa (5;2-5). At w2, increased GRalpha mRNA (2010;1037-2732; P < 0.01) and GR protein (56;27-71; P = 0.056) were found compared with w0 (1177;759-2058; 37;29-55, respectively). At w12, GRalpha mRNA and GR protein were similar to w0. GRbeta expression was unaltered by treatment. Neither GRalpha nor GRbeta correlated with nasal symptoms. GR immunoreactivity negatively correlated with eosinophils (r = -0.478; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GRalpha is downregulated in nasal polyps and upregulated by GC treatment. Neither GRalpha nor GRbeta appear to determine the sensitivity to GCs in nasal polyposis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pujols
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alobid
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Antón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roca-Ferrer
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullol
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picado
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; C411470:glucocorticoid receptor alpha; C121943:glucocorticoid receptor beta; D019819:Budesonide; D011241:Prednisone