title: Thrombin induces activation and translocation of Bid, Bax and Bak to the mitochondria in human platelets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombin is a physiological platelet agonist that activates apoptotic events, including cytochrome c release and phosphatidylserine exposure; however, the mechanisms underlying these events remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study is aimed to investigate whether thrombin induces activation and mitochondrial translocation of Bid, Bax and Bak.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were registered using the dye JC-1; Bid, Bax and Bak translocation to the mitochondria was detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting in samples from mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of platelets with thrombin or ADP induces activation and mitochondrial association of active Bid, Bax and Bak. Translocation of Bid and Bax to the mitochondria was reduced by cytochalasin D, latrunculin A or jasplakinolide. Platelet exposure to exogenous H(2)O(2) (10 microm) results in activation of Bid and Bax, which was found to be similar to the effect of thrombin. Thrombin evokes mitochondrial membrane depolarization, which is attenuated by catalase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that thrombin induces activation and mitochondrial translocation of Bid, Bax and Bak, which is likely to be one of the apoptotic events in human platelets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology (Cellular Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Salido
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pariente
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rosado
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes; D021381:Protein Transport; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D013917:Thrombin