title: [Effects of rhubarb aglycone on matrix metalloproteinase in cerebral ischemic tissue in rats with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effects of rhubarb aglycone on pathological changes and activity of matrix metalloproteinase in cerebral ischemic tissue in rats with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation, and to explore the action mechanisms of rhubarb aglycone in protecting against brain micrangium injury in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BMSCs were purified and amplified by methods of adherence and selection in vitro. One hundred and ninety rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, rhubarb aglycone group, BMSC transplantation group (abbreviated as transplantation group) and BMSCs combined with rhubarb aglycone group (abbreviated as combination group). Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was duplicated with nylon thread. Rats of transplantation and combination group were transplanted with BMSCs via carotid artery after 24-hour reperfusion. Rhubarb aglycone was used by intragastric administration in the rhubarb aglycone group and the combination group. The brain samples were taken at 7, 14 and 28 days after transplantation. Brain micrangium pathological changes were observed by light microscope, and immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expressions of immunoglobulin G (IgG), type IV collagen (Col IV), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison with the normal control group revealed that brain micrangium in rats in the untreated group was obviously mutilated and damaged, the expression of IgG and MMP-9 increased, and showed a progressively enhanced tendency following the prolongation of reperfusion, while the expressions of Col IV and TIMP-1 were decreased, and TIMP-1 showed a attenuated tendency following the prolongation of reperfusion. Comparing with the untreated group, the improvements of brain micrangium structure in the rhubarb aglycone group (7 days after transplantation), the transplantation group (14 and 28 days after transplantation) and the combination group were significant; expression of IgG and activity of MMP-9 were decreased, while expressions of Col IV and TIMP-1 were increased in the rhubarb aglycone group and the combination group at each time point. The brain micrangium was integral and the expression of Col IV was enhanced in combination group (7 days after transplantation) as compared with those in transplantation group. MMP-9 activity in combination group (14 days after transplantation) was lower than that in the rhubarb aglycone group (14 days after transplantation), while expression of TIMP-1 in combination group also increased significantly as compared with that in transplantation group (28 days after transplantation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhubarb aglycone can decrease the degradation of basal lamina Col IV and the permeability of brain micrangium in cerebral ischemic rats with BMSC transplantation, and its mechanisms may be related to regulating the balance of MMP-9, especially by increasing the expression of TIMP-1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geriatrics, Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450008, China. li_js8@163.com
authors.forename: Jian-sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yue-wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D012250:Rheum / Q000737:chemistry*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024141:Collagen Type IV; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9