title: Resolving crossings in the corticospinal tract by two-tensor streamline tractography: Method and clinical assessment using fMRI.
abstract: An inherent drawback of the traditional diffusion tensor model is its limited ability to provide detailed information about multidirectional fiber architecture within a voxel. This leads to erroneous fiber tractography results in locations where fiber bundles cross each other. This may lead to the inability to visualize clinically important tracts such as the lateral projections of the corticospinal tract. In this report, we present a deterministic two-tensor eXtended Streamline Tractography (XST) technique, which successfully traces through regions of crossing fibers. We evaluated the method on simulated and in vivo human brain data, comparing the results with the traditional single-tensor and with a probabilistic tractography technique. By tracing the corticospinal tract and correlating with fMRI-determined motor cortex in both healthy subjects and patients with brain tumors, we demonstrate that two-tensor deterministic streamline tractography can accurately identify fiber bundles consistent with anatomy and previously not detected by conventional single-tensor tractography. When compared to the dense connectivity maps generated by probabilistic tractography, the method is computationally efficient and generates discrete geometric pathways that are simple to visualize and clinically useful. Detection of crossing white matter pathways can improve neurosurgical visualization of functionally relevant white matter areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Arish A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Qazi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radmanesh
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kindlmann
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Carl-Fredrik
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Westin
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Golby
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011336:Probability; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000473:pathology*