title: What surgeons tell their patients about the intraoperative role of residents: a qualitative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The issue of residents operating and disclosure to patients about this have not been explored from staff surgeons' perspectives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A preliminary survey was sent to all active surgeons at the University of Toronto. A qualitative interview study followed. Thirty-nine face-to-face interviews were conducted with surgeons. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis by 3 reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four encompassing themes emerged: (1) surgeons are comfortable allowing residents to operate independently with graded responsibility, (2) surgeons do not voluntarily inform patients about the involvement of residents in their operation, (3) residents are seen as important assets in a teaching hospital and are beneficial to patient care, and (4) surgeons recognize the trust their patients place in them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons recognize their patient care and teaching responsibilities and the trust that is placed in them. Patients might benefit from a discussion with their surgeon about the role of residents in their surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 4W451 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knifed
authors.forename: Bryce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009864:Ontario; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D035502:Trust; D014342:Truth Disclosure