title: Clinicopathologic correlation and outcome of C1q nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The number of patients with C1q nephropathy (C1qN) in previous reports is small and the duration of follow-up is short. Our study describes the clinicopathologic correlation and clinical outcome through the mean follow-up period of 7.2 yr in 61 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one patients, 1 to 67 yr of age, with C1qN were enrolled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to presentation at onset, patients were divided into two groups: asymptomatic urinary abnormalities (asymptomatic) (n = 36) and nephrotic syndrome (NS) (n = 25). Light microscopy showed minimal change disease (MCD) in 46 patients (75%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 7 (12%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 8 (13%). The prevalence of MCD was higher in the NS group than in the asymptomatic group. Nine patients in the asymptomatic group and all patients in the NS group were treated with prednisolone and/or cyclosporine. Normal urinalysis was found in 10 patients in asymptomatic group and 8 in NS group during the follow-up. Thirteen patients in the NS group were frequent relapsers at the latest follow-up. Three patients with FSGS developed chronic renal failure 8 to 15 yr after the diagnosis. C1q deposits disappeared in 3 of 8 patients receiving repeat biopsy, and 2 of these 3 showed FSGS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis of C1qN is good, associated with MCD in a large number. In some patients, C1q deposits disappear through the follow-up period. FSGS may develop in some patients on repeat biopsies. Further investigation is critically needed to settle this issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. hisanos1@cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisano
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuma
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatae
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Morishige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000378:metabolism*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009402:Nephrosis, Lipoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015922:Complement C1q; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone