title: Functional performance testing in participants with functional ankle instability and in a healthy control group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional ankle instability (FAI) affects a large part of the population. Inconsistent findings have been reported regarding the existence of functional performance deficits in individuals with FAI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine functional performance in participants with FAI compared with participants in a control group during 2 hopping tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Athletic training research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 40 college-aged individuals who participated in our study: 20 with FAI and 20 without FAI. We defined FAI as history of an ankle sprain and residual episodes of "giving way."
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed 2 functional performance tests (FPTs): the single-limb hopping and the single-limb hurdle tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to complete each test was recorded. Following each FPT, participants were asked if their ankles felt unstable during the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no difference between participants in the FAI and control groups for the hopping or hurdle tests (P > .05). When asked if their ankles felt unstable during the FPTs, approximately half of the participants in the FAI group and none of the participants in the control group reported a feeling of instability. Subsequently, a secondary analysis of variance was calculated with participants grouped into 3 categories: control participants, FAI participants reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-S), and FAI participants not reporting instability symptoms during FPT (FAI-NS). Results revealed a difference among the 3 groups for the single-limb hopping test (P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed a difference between the FAI-S participants and both the control and the FAI-NS participants. No difference was identified for the single-limb hurdle test (P = .41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FAI-S participants had performance deficits during the single-limb hopping test. Therefore, clinicians could use this simple hopping test as an additional method to determine the presence of FAI.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Carrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Docherty
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrader
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D054874:Athletic Performance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010809:Physical Fitness