title: Creation of nanohillocks on CaF2 surfaces by single slow highly charged ions.
abstract: Upon impact on a solid surface, the potential energy stored in slow highly charged ions is primarily deposited into the electronic system of the target. By decelerating the projectile ions to kinetic energies as low as 150 x q eV, we find first unambiguous experimental evidence that potential energy alone is sufficient to cause permanent nanosized hillocks on the (111) surface of a CaF(2) single crystal. Our investigations reveal a surprisingly sharp and well-defined threshold of potential energy for hillock formation which can be linked to a solid-liquid phase transition.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Allgemeine Physik, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: El-Said
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meissl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Facsko
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lemell
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Solleder
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gebeshuber
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toulemonde
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgdörfer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aumayr