title: Identification of regions of the P2X(7) receptor that contribute to human and rat species differences in antagonist effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several P2X(7) receptor antagonists are allosteric inhibitors and exhibit species difference in potency. Furthermore, N(2)-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-N(1)-(2-methyl-5-(1-piperazinylmethyl)phenyl)glycinamide dihydrochloride (GW791343) exhibits negative allosteric effects at the human P2X(7) receptor but is a positive allosteric modulator of the rat P2X(7) receptor. In this study we have identified several regions of the P2X(7) receptor that contribute to the species differences in antagonist effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chimeric human-rat P2X(7) receptors were constructed with regions of the rat receptor being inserted into the human receptor. Antagonist effects at these receptors were measured in ethidium accumulation and radioligand binding studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exchanging regions of the P2X(7) receptor close to transmembrane domain 1 modified the effects of KN62, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulphinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580) and GW791343. Further studies, in which single amino acids were exchanged, identified amino acid 95 as being primarily responsible for the differential allosteric effects of GW791343 and, to varying degrees, the species differences in potency of SB203580 and KN62. The species selectivity of pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid was affected by multiple regions of the receptor, with potency being particularly affected by the amino acid 126 but not by amino acid 95. A further region of the rat receptor (amino acids 154-183) was identified that, when inserted into the corresponding position in the human receptor, increased ATP potency 10-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has identified several key residues responsible for the species differences in antagonist effects at the P2X(7) receptor and also identified a further region of the P2X(7) receptor that can significantly affect agonist potency at the P2X(7) receptor.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development Limited, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, Essex, UK. anton.d.michel@hotmail.co.uk
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Condreay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Livermore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senger
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000495:Allosteric Site; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013045:Species Specificity; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C528279:GW791343; D007093:Imidazoles; C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; C546470:P2rx7 protein, rat; D010879:Piperazines; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; C077792:pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; C063302:KN 62; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; C093642:SB 203580; D005998:Glycine