title: The influence of developmental life stage on quality of life in survivors of prostate cancer and their partners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although prostate cancer is prevalent, little information is available on how it affects couples' quality of life (QOL) according to their age cohort. The purpose of this study was to examine how quality of life, self-efficacy and appraisal of the illness experience vary among men with prostate cancer and their partners according to age cohort: middle age (50-64); young-old (65-74); and old-old (75-84). Using an Adult Developmental and Family Stress framework, this study focuses on how normative (developmental stage) and non-normative stressors (prostate cancer) may affect a couple's ability to adapt.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive, comparative design was used to examine age-related differences in quality of life and selected psychosocial variables in 69 men with prostate cancer and their spouses. Cross-sectional data were obtained using standardized instruments with adequate reliability and validity. ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used to determine differences among age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that patients who were ages 65-74 had better QOL and higher self-efficacy than patients ages 50-64 and less negative appraisal of illness than the other two groups. Spouses ages 50-64 reported the most distress related to sexual changes in their husbands. Spouses in both the middle age and old-old group had more bother related to hormone therapy than the young-old spouses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that interventions should be tailored to dyads' developmental life stage. Younger and older prostate cancer survivors and their partners may benefit from tailored interventions designed to improve their quality of life and confidence in managing their treatment outcomes during the survivorship period.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. jharden@wayne.edu
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harden
authors.forename: Laurel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Northouse
authors.forename: Bernadine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cimprich
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Jersey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Trace
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kershaw
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D017741:Survivors