Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, tetracyclines and tiamulin in swine wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Little is known about the contamination level of antibiotics in swine wastewater in China. The highly complex matrix of swine wastewater, which generally has a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration as high as 15,000 mg/L, makes it difficult to detect antibiotics at trace levels. In this work, a highly selective and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of three classes of commonly used veterinary antibiotics including five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide in swine wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The method detection limits (MDL) in the swine wastewater were determined to be between 5 and 91 ng/L, depending on specific antibiotics. Except sulfamethizole, all the other eight antibiotics were detected in the swine wastewaters collected from three concentrated swine feeding plants located in the Beijing (China) area, showing a concentration range of 0.62-32.67 microg/L. These results reveal the representative concentration levels of selected antibiotics in the swine wastewaters of Beijing area.
Ben
Weiwei
W
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Hai-dian District, Beijing 100085, China.
Qiang
Zhimin
Z
Adams
Craig
C
Zhang
Heqing
H
Chen
Liping
L
D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
D004224:Diterpenes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013754:Tetracyclines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C014224:tiamulin