title: Wide-range antifungal antagonism of Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b and its dependence on chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase production.
abstract: Previously, we isolated a strain of Bacillus that had antifungal activity and produced lytic enzymes with fungicidal potential. In the present study, we identified the bacterium as Paenibacillus ehimensis and further explored its antifungal properties. In liquid co-cultivation assays, P. ehimensis IB-X-b decreased biomass production of several pathogenic fungi by 45%-75%. The inhibition was accompanied by degradation of fungal cell walls and alterations in hyphal morphology. Residual medium from cultures of P. ehimensis IB-X-b inhibited fungal growth, indicating the inhibitors were secreted into the medium. Of the 2 major lytic enzymes, chitinases were only induced by chitin-containing substrates, whereas beta-1,3-glucanase showed steady levels in all carbon sources. Both purified chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase degraded cell walls of macerated fungal mycelia, whereas only the latter also degraded cell walls of intact mycelia. The results indicate synergism between the antifungal action mechanisms of these enzymes in which beta-1,3-glucanase is the initiator of the cell wall hydrolysis, whereas the degradation process is reinforced by chitinases. Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b has pronounced antifungal activity with a wide range of fungi and has potential as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic fungi.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Ufa Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 69, Ufa 450054, Russia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aktuganov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melentjev
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galimzianova
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khalikova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korpela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Susi
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D002688:Chitinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002688:Chitinases; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase