title: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is required for hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha RNA expression in both tumor cells and tumor-associated myeloid cells.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a potent tumorigenic factor. Its alpha subunit (HIF-1alpha), which is tightly regulated in normal tissues, is elevated in tumors due to hypoxia and overactive growth signaling pathways. Although much is known about HIF-1alpha regulation in cancer cells, crucial molecular targets that affect HIF-1alpha levels modulated by both hypoxia and oncogenic signaling pathways remain to be identified. Additionally, whether and how the tumor microenvironment contributes to HIF-1alpha accumulation is unclear. This study shows a novel mechanism by which HIF-1alpha availability is regulated in both cancer cells and in myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. We show a requirement of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) for HIF-1alpha RNA expression under both hypoxia and growth signaling conditions. Furthermore, tumor-derived myeloid cells express elevated levels of HIF-1alpha mRNA relative to their counterparts from normal tissues in a Stat3-dependent manner. Additionally, Stat3 activity in the nontransformed cells in the tumor milieu affects HIF-1alpha RNA expression of the entire growing tumor. Consistent with a role of Stat3 in regulating HIF-1alpha RNA transcription, elevated Stat3 activity increases HIF-1alpha promoter activity, and Stat3 protein binds to the HIF-1alpha promoter in both transformed cells and in growing tumors. Taken together, these findings show a novel mode by which HIF-1alpha is regulated not only in cancer cells but also in the tumor-associated inflammatory cells, suggesting Stat3 as an important molecular target for inhibiting the oncogenic potential of HIF-1 induced by both hypoxia and overactive growth signaling pathways prevalent in cancer.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
authors.forename: Guilian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Jiehui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Heehyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kortylewski
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawski
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: W Douglas
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Cress
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jove
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src) / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D016392:Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)