Amyloid-beta immunisation for Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia in elderly people and is becoming an ever greater problem as societies worldwide age. Treatments that stop or at least effectively modify disease course do not yet exist. In Alzheimer's disease, the conversion of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) from a physiological water-soluble monomeric form into neurotoxic oligomeric and fibrillar forms rich in stable beta-sheet conformations is an important event. The most toxic forms of Abeta are thought to be oligomers, and dimers might be the smallest neurotoxic species. Numerous immunological approaches that prevent the conversion of the normal precursor protein into pathological forms or that accelerate clearance are in development. More than ten new approaches to active and passive immunotherapy are under investigation in clinical trials with the aim of producing safe methods for immunological therapy and prevention. A delicate balance between immunological clearance of an endogenous protein with acquired toxic properties and the induction of an autoimmune reaction must be found.
Wisniewski
Thomas
T
Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. thomas.wisniewski@nyumc.org
Konietzko
Uwe
U
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D023582:Alzheimer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D051379:Mice; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D011487:Protein Conformation
D023582:Alzheimer Vaccines; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D007155:Immunologic Factors