title: Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 is higher in subjects with early stages of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased level of serum vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) has been found in patients with diabetes mellitus and vascular disorders. This study examined whether serum VAP-1 levels are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 262 subjects aged 30 and above with fasting plasma glucose level <7 mmol/L checked within 1 year. First morning urine specimens were collected. Microalbuminuria was defined if urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio > or =30 microg/mg creatinine. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated. CKD stages were defined according to the suggestions of the National Kidney Foundation. Serum VAP-1 levels were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum VAP-1 levels were positively associated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (r=0.29, p<0.0001) and negatively associated with estimated GFR (r=-0.24, p=0.0001). Subjects with CKD stage 2 (N=51) and stage 3 (N=91) had significantly higher levels of serum VAP-1 than those without CKD (p=0.0003 and p=0.035, adjusted for age and gender, respectively). A high serum VAP-1 level was associated with the presence of CKD (OR 1.63 for 1 SD increase of VAP-1, p=0.018), adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. Ordered logit models revealed that high serum VAP-1 levels correlated with advanced stages of CKD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of VAP-1 are associated with the severity of kidney damage or stages of kidney disease. The true mechanism which links the serum VAP-1 and CKD remains to be elucidated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jung-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsin
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: Shyang-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ying-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lung-Chun
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsien-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Lee-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Ming-Fong
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)