title: Role of spirituality in cancer coping among African Americans: a qualitative examination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study used qualitative methods to examine whether, and if so how, African American cancer survivors use spirituality in coping with the disease. Spirituality was defined using a model involving connectedness to self, others, a higher power, and the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three African American patients with various forms of cancer were recruited from physician offices and completed 1-1.5 h interviews. Data were coded by multiple coders using an inductive process and open-coding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Themes that emerged included, but were not limited to the aforementioned types of connectedness, one theme being connections to God. Given the important role of social support in the cancer experience, participants also emphasized their connectedness to others, which is in support of the spirituality model. Participants also articulated the notion that connections with others were not always positive, indicating that some perceived certain connections as having a detrimental impact on their well-being. Participants also expressed the desire to share their cancer story with others, often gained a new perspective on life, and obtained new self-understanding as a result of their illness experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that African Americans perceive that spirituality plays a strong role in their cancer coping and survivorship. Spirituality may address a human need for certitude in crisis. Further research is warranted for model testing, and to examine the role of spirituality in cancer coping among those of different backgrounds and cancer types/stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These themes may have utility for the development of support interventions for cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1717 11th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-4410, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Southward
authors.forename: Ayanna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000407:Alabama; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D018579:Patient Selection; D012067:Religion; D029181:Spirituality; D001741:Black or African American