title: Familial Wolfram syndrome due to compound heterozygosity for two novel WFS1 mutations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the first instance of genotyping in a Latin American family with Wolfram syndrome (WS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four affected siblings and their healthy parents were studied. Ophthalmologic examination included best corrected visual acuity determination, funduscopy, fluorescein retinal angiography, and Goldmann kinetic perimetry. Molecular methods included linkage analysis using microsatellites markers located on the markers located on the Wofram syndrome 1 (WFS1) region at 4p16.1, PCR amplification and direct nucleotide sequencing analysis of the complete coding region and exon/intron junctions of WFS1. In addition, allele-specific cloning and sequencing techniques were used to characterize a heterozygous frameshift mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four affected siblings presented with a homogeneous clinical picture characterized by early onset diabetes mellitus, severe optic atrophy, and progressive hearing loss. Linkage analysis indicated that all four sibs were heterozygous for markers linked to the WFS1 region and that each inherited the same allele from the mother and the same from the father, suggesting compound heterozygosity. Direct WFS1 analysis disclosed a paternally inherited novel missense R177P mutation whereas allele-specific cloning and sequencing revealed a novel WFS1 16 bp deletion that was inherited from the mother.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our report of two novel WFS1 mutations expands the molecular spectrum of Wolfram syndrome. This is the first documented case of the molecular basis of the disease in a Latin American family. Analysis of more patients from this population will establish if compound heterozygosity is commonly found in affected individuals from this ethnic group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico. jczenteno@institutodeoftalmologia.org
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Zenteno
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Hector J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Cano
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camargo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D014929:Wolfram Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C114987:wolframin protein