title: Characteristics of patients returning to emergency departments in Naples, Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crowding in hospital Emergency Departments (EDs) is a problem in several countries. We evaluated the number and characteristics of patients who make repeated visits to the EDs in Naples, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (> or = 16 years) who presented to the EDs of three randomly selected non-academic acute care public hospitals, within randomly selected week periods, were studied. The two outcomes of interest were the re-utilization, within 72 hours, of the ED and the number of visits in the previous year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1430 sampled patients, 51.9% self-reported multiple visits in the previous year and 10.9% and 1.6% used the ED for 3 and > or =4 times, respectively. The number of visits in the previous year was significantly higher in those who live closer to hospital, with a more severe burden of overall comorbidity, and who were on pharmacological treatment. Overall, 72-hours return visits were found in 215 patients (15.8%). Patients were more likely to re-use within 72 hours the ED if younger, were not on pharmacological treatment, attended the ED more times in the previous year, were referred by a physician, arrived at the ED by car driven by other person, had problems of longer duration prior to arrival at the ED, had a surgical ED discharge diagnosis, and were admitted to the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data may assist policymakers in the development and implementation of protocols to track changes in the re-utilization of the ED for the high financial impact and for the benefit of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public, Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. gabrydg@libero.it
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Giuseppe
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marinelli
authors.forename: Italo F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Angelillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel; D014600:Utilization Review