title: Gain, preservation, and loss of a group 1a coronavirus accessory glycoprotein.
abstract: Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses of extraordinary genetic complexity and diversity. In addition to a common set of genes for replicase and structural proteins, each coronavirus may carry multiple group-specific genes apparently acquired through relatively recent heterologous recombination events. Here we describe an accessory gene, ORF3, unique to canine coronavirus type I (CCoV-I) and characterize its product, glycoprotein gp3. Whereas ORF3 is conserved in CCoV-I, only remnants remain in CCoV-II and CCoV-II-derived porcine and feline coronaviruses. Our findings provide insight into the evolutionary history of coronavirus group 1a and into the dynamics of gain and loss of accessory genes.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Decaro
authors.forename: Pepijn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schellen
authors.forename: Peter J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rottier
authors.forename: Canio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buonavoglia
authors.forename: Bert-Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Haijema
authors.forename: Raoul J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism; D017939:Coronavirus, Canine / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins