title: Effects of antrodia camphorata on viability, apoptosis, and [Ca2+]i in PC3 human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Antrodia camphorata (AC) has been used as a health supplement in Asia to control different cancers; however, the cellular mechanisms of its effects are unclear. The effect of AC on cultured human prostate cancer cells (PC3) has not been explored. This study examined the effect of AC on viability, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phosphorylation and Ca2+ handling in PC3 cells. AC at concentrations of 5-50 microg/ml did not affect cell viability, but at 100-200 microg/ml decreased viability and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. AC at concentrations of 25-200 microg/ml did not alter basal [Ca2+]i, but at a concentration of 25 microg/ml decreased the [Ca2+]i increases induced by ATP, bradykinin, histamine and thapsigargin. ATP, bradykinin and histamine increased cell viability whereas thapsigargin decreased it. AC (25 microg/ml) pretreatment inhibited ATP-, bradykinin-, and histamine-induced enhancement on viability, but reversed thapsigargin-induced cytotoxicity. Immunoblotting showed that AC (200 microg/ml) did not induce the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPKs. Collectively, in PC3 cells, AC exerted multiple effects on viability and [Ca2+]i, caused apoptosis via pathways unrelated to [Ca2+]i signal and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPKs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chin-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chorng-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jin-Shiung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: I-Shu
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jeng-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Bing-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Jiann
authors.forename: Pi-Lai
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: San-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chung-Ren
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000363:Agaricales; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020072:Polyporales / Q000737:chemistry*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D019284:Thapsigargin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D001920:Bradykinin; D002118:Calcium