title: Expression and suppressive effects of interleukin-19 on vascular smooth muscle cell pathophysiology and development of intimal hyperplasia.
abstract: Anti-inflammatory cytokines may play a protective role in the progression of vascular disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize interleukin (IL)-19 expression and function in the development of intimal hyperplasia, and discern a potential mechanism of its direct effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). IL-19 is an immunomodulatory cytokine, the expression of which is reported to be restricted to inflammatory cells. In the present study, we found that IL-19 is not expressed in quiescent VSMCs or normal arteries but is induced in human arteries by injury and in cultured human VSMCs by inflammatory cytokines. Recombinant IL-19 significantly reduced VSMC proliferation (37.1 +/- 4.8 x 10(3) versus 72.2 +/- 6.1 x 10(3) cells/cm(2)) in a dose-dependent manner. IL-19 adenoviral gene transfer significantly reduced proliferation and neointimal formation in balloon angioplasty-injured rat carotid arteries (0.172 +/- 29.9, versus 0.333 +/- 71.9, and 0.309 +/- 56.6 microm(2)). IL-19 induced activation of STAT3 as well as the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) in VSMCs. IL-19 treatment significantly reduced the activation of p44/42 and p38 MAPKs in stimulated VSMCs. Additionally, SOCS5 was found to interact with both p44/42 and p38 MAPKs in IL-19-treated human VSMCs. This is the first description of the expression of both IL-19 and SOCS5 in VSMCs and of the functional interaction between SOCS5 and MAPKs. We propose that through induction of SOCS5 and inhibition of signal transduction, IL-19 expression in VSMCs may represent a novel, protective, autocrine response of VSMCs to inflammatory stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sommerville
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuneo
authors.forename: Sheri E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kelemen
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Autieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C421250:IL19 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins; C408990:SOCS5 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases