title: SLCO1B1 variants and statin-induced myopathy--a genomewide study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy results in substantial reductions in cardiovascular events, and larger reductions in cholesterol may produce larger benefits. In rare cases, myopathy occurs in association with statin therapy, especially when the statins are administered at higher doses and with certain other medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a genomewide association study using approximately 300,000 markers (and additional fine-mapping) in 85 subjects with definite or incipient myopathy and 90 controls, all of whom were taking 80 mg of simvastatin daily as part of a trial involving 12,000 participants. Replication was tested in a trial of 40 mg of simvastatin daily involving 20,000 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genomewide scan yielded a single strong association of myopathy with the rs4363657 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located within SLCO1B1 on chromosome 12 (P=4x10(-9)). SLCO1B1 encodes the organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP1B1, which has been shown to regulate the hepatic uptake of statins. The noncoding rs4363657 SNP was in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium with the nonsynonymous rs4149056 SNP (r(2)=0.97), which has been linked to statin metabolism. The prevalence of the rs4149056 C allele in the population was 15%. The odds ratio for myopathy was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 7.7) per copy of the C allele, and 16.9 (95% CI, 4.7 to 61.1) in CC as compared with TT homozygotes. More than 60% of these myopathy cases could be attributed to the C variant. The association of rs4149056 with myopathy was replicated in the trial of 40 mg of simvastatin daily, which also showed an association between rs4149056 and the cholesterol-lowering effects of simvastatin. No SNPs in any other region were clearly associated with myopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified common variants in SLCO1B1 that are strongly associated with an increased risk of statin-induced myopathy. Genotyping these variants may help to achieve the benefits of statin therapy more safely and effectively. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN74348595.)
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parish
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gut
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012306:Risk; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C503999:SLCO1B1 protein, human; D019821:Simvastatin