Effect of fertilizer application on ammonia emission and concentration levels of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite ions in a rice field.
The concentrations of ammonium NH4+, nitrate NO3-, and nitrite NO2- ions were recorded along with ammonia (NH(3)) emission from a fertilized rice field located in the Kwangju province in South Korea over a period of 4 months (June to October 2006). The highest magnitude of NH(3) flux was 20,754 microg m(-2) h(-1), while the average flux value over the entire sampling period was 2,395 microg m(-2) h(-1). The highest ionic concentrations were 1.67, 0.44, and 0.71 ppm for NH4+, NO3-, and NO2- ions, respectively. Possible effects of soil pH on NH(3) fluxes were detected, as they concurrently exhibited a gradual and periodic change during the sampling period. Positive correlations existed between concentrations of NH4+ and NO2- ions and the soil pH. Positive correlations also existed between NH(3) emission flux and ambient (and water) temperatures. Results indicated that fertilizer application to rice can lead to significant emission of NH(3) along with NH4+ and NO3- ions.
Das
Piw
P
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
Sa
Jae-Hwan
JH
Kim
Ki-Hyun
KH
Jeon
Eui-Chan
EC
D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005308:Fertilizers; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D005308:Fertilizers; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia