title: Pioglitazone and heart failure: results from a controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and systolic dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazolidinediones are associated with fluid retention, often interpreted as worsening cardiac function, limiting their use in patients with heart failure (HF). We compared the effects of pioglitazone and glyburide on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes, systolic dysfunction, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional Class II/III HF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants received pioglitazone or glyburide (+/-insulin) for 6 months in this double-blind, randomized, multicenter study. The primary end point was time to HF, a composite of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization or emergency room (ER) visit for HF. Secondary endpoints included echocardiographic and functional classification assessments. An earlier time to onset and higher incidence of the primary endpoint was noted with pioglitazone (13%) versus glyburide (8%) (P = .024). Hospitalization or ER visit occurred in 30 pioglitazone and 15 glyburide participants, 19 and 12 of whom, respectively, continued treatment. Cardiac mortality (5 versus 6 participants, respectively) and cardiac function, as measured by change in ventricular mass index (P = .959), ejection fraction (P = .413), or fractional shortening (P = .280), were similar between treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pioglitazone was associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for HF without an increase in cardiovascular mortality or worsening cardiac function (by echocardiography).
authors.affiliation: Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Elkayam
authors.forename: Mondira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D054143:Heart Failure, Systolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011446:Prospective Studies; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone