title: Self-reported napping and duration and quality of sleep in the lifestyle interventions and independence for elders pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of self-reported napping and its association with subjective nighttime sleep duration and quality, as measured according to sleep-onset latency and sleep efficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults (N=414) aged 70 to 89.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report questionnaire on napping and sleep derived from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four percent of participants reported napping, with mean nap duration of 55.0+/-41.2 minutes. Nappers were more likely to be male (37.3% vs 23.8%, P=.003) and African American (20.4% vs 14.4%, P=.06) and to have diabetes mellitus (28% vs 14.3%, P=.007) than non-nappers. Nappers and non-nappers had similar nighttime sleep duration and quality, but nappers spent approximately 10% of their 24-hour sleep occupied in napping. In a multivariate model, the odds of napping were higher for subjects with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR)=1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-3.0) and men (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-3.0). In nappers, diabetes mellitus (beta=12.3 minutes, P=.005), male sex (beta=9.0 minutes, P=.04), higher body mass index (beta=0.8 minutes, P=.02), and lower Mini-Mental State Examination score (beta=2.2 minutes, P=.03) were independently associated with longer nap duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Napping was a common practice in community-dwelling older adults and did not detract from nighttime sleep duration or quality. Given its high prevalence and association with diabetes mellitus, napping behavior should be assessed as part of sleep behavior in future research and in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Picarsic
authors.forename: Nancy W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katula
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D015444:Exercise; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data