title: [Preliminary research on the standardization of acupuncture manipulation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the standardization of acupuncture manipulation methods at present.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apply "the acupuncture manipulation information analysis system" to analyze the collective acupuncture manipulation methods of teachers and acupuncture and moxibustion physicians, and to find basic rules of acupuncture manipulation methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the 6 basic acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulations researched in this study, almost all of the 7 parameters analyzed showed significant differences (P<0.01), indicating that the basic acupuncture manipulation of reinforcing and reducing is lack of uniform manipulation standardization, which may be due to acupuncture manipulation having no objective standard as basis; it also was found that there were more differences among various acupuncture manipulations, but the difference between reinforcing and reducing manipulations was reflected in every manipulator's experimental data, and showed the same characteristics as those recorded in traditional acupuncture and moxibustion literatures, suggesting a that teaching and clinical practice of acupuncture manipulation possibly are at the present situation of good qualification and worse quantification.
authors.affiliation: College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 201203, China. ltyabc@sina.com
authors.forename: Tang-yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuai
authors.forename: Hua-yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans