title: Flexible bronchoscopy for diagnosis and follow up of childhood endobronchial tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, our aim was to determine the clinical and bronchoscopic outcome of the endobronchial tuberculosis (ETB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB) or TB patients with an inadequate response to 8 weeks of antituberculosis treatment were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients were included to the study and 118 flexible bronchoscopies were performed. ETB was present in 33 (47%) patients. There was isolated compression in 14 cases, caseous lesions in 13, granuloma formation in 6, polypoid lesions in 2, adenopathy protrusion in 1, and mucosal erosion in 1 case. The mean duration of bronchoscopic resolution of endobronchial lesions was 5.50 +/- 2.74 months. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from gastric lavage in 10% and from bronchoalveolar lavage in 12.8% of 70 cases. When both of the procedures were performed concurrently, the isolation rate increased to 20%. Transient hypoxia resolving with nasal O2 was observed in 3 patients as a complication of bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy offered a safe and rapid means of confirming the diagnosis of ETB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. erkancakir1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cakir
authors.forename: Zeynep Seda
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Uyan
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oktem
authors.forename: Fazilet
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karakoc
authors.forename: Refika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ersu
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karadag
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dagli
mesh_terms: D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen