title: Tropism-independent protection of macaques against vaginal transmission of three SHIVs by the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor T-1249.
abstract: We have assessed the potential of the fusion inhibitory peptide T-1249 for development as a vaginal microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission. When formulated as a simple gel, T-1249 provided dose-dependent protection to macaques against high-dose challenge with three different SHIVs that used either CCR5 or CXCR4 for infection (the R5 virus SHIV-162P3, the X4 virus SHIV-KU1 and the R5X4 virus SHIV-89.6P), and it also protected against SIVmac251 (R5). Protection of half of the test animals was estimated by interpolation to occur at T-1249 concentrations of approximately 40-130 muM, whereas complete protection was observed at 0.1-2 mM. In vitro, T-1249 had substantial breadth of activity against HIV-1 strains from multiple genetic subtypes and in a coreceptor-independent manner. Thus, at 1 muM in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based replication assay, T-1249 inhibited all 29 R5 viruses, all 12 X4 viruses and all 7 R5X4 viruses in the test panel, irrespective of their genetic subtype. Combining lower concentrations of T-1249 with other entry inhibitors (CMPD-167, BMS-C, or AMD3465) increased the proportion of test viruses that could be blocked. In the PhenoSense assay, T-1249 was active against 636 different HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped viruses of varying tropism and derived from clinical samples, with IC(50) values typically clustered in a 10-fold range approximately 10 nM. Overall, these results support the concept of using T-1249 as a component of an entry inhibitor-based combination microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of diverse HIV-1 variants.
authors.affiliation: Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Veazey
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ketas
authors.forename: Per Johan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Klasse
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: Morgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singletary
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008251:Macaca; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors