title: Chick chorioallantoic membrane as an in situ biological membrane for pharmaceutical formulation development: a review.
abstract: The use of animals in research has always been a debatable issue. Over the past few decades, efforts have been made to reduce, replace, and refine experiments for ethical use of experimental animals. The use of chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was one of the proposed alternatives to the Draize rabbit ocular irritation test with several advantages including simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, ease of performance, and cost-effectiveness. The recent use of CAM in the development of pharmaceuticals and testing models to mimic human tissue, including drug transport across CAM, will be discussed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Constance L L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Paul W S
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.forename: Celine V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Liew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations