title: Brain white matter damage in SCA1 and SCA2. An in vivo study using voxel-based morphometry, histogram analysis of mean diffusivity and tract-based spatial statistics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1(SCA1) and 2(SCA2) is associated with white matter(WM) damage. Voxel-Based Morphometry(VBM), histogram analysis of mean diffusivity(MD) and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics(TBSS) enable an in vivo quantitative analysis of WM volume and structure. We assessed with these 3 techniques the whole brain WM damage in SCA1 and SCA2.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with SCA1, 10 patients with SCA2 and 10 controls underwent MRI with acquisition of T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images. The results were correlated with severity of clinical deficit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VBM showed atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellar WM without significant differences between SCA1 and SCA2. Focal atrophy of the cerebral subcortical WM was also present. Histogram analysis revealed increased MD in the brainstem and cerebellum in patients with SCA1 and SCA2 which in SCA2 was more pronounced and combined with mild increase of the MD in the cerebral hemispheres in SCA2. In SCA1 and SCA2 TBSS revealed decreased fractional anisotropy(FA) in the inferior, middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, pontine transverse fibres, medial and lateral lemnisci, spinothalamic tracts, corticospinal tracts and corpus callosum. The extent of tract changes was greater in SCA2 patients who also showed decreased FA in the short intracerebellar tracts. In both diseases VBM, histogram and TBSS results correlated with clinical severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain WM damage featuring a pontocerebeellar atrophy is similar in SCA1 and SCA2 but more pronounced in SCA2. In both diseases it correlates with severity of the clinical deficit.
authors.affiliation: Radiodiagnostic Section, Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Della Nave
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ginestroni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tessa
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Grandis
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Plasmati
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Michele
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dotti
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piacentini
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascalchi
mesh_terms: D000067696:Ataxin-1; D000067528:Ataxins; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C000593749:ATXN1 protein, human; D000067696:Ataxin-1; D000067528:Ataxins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins