title: Reasons for participation in pain research: can they indicate a lack of informed consent?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain the self-reported reasons for participation in the clinical research of chronic low back pain and to evaluate those reasons in the context of informed consent and the concept of therapeutic misconception. This is the belief that research participation is equivalent to clinical care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative descriptive study with semistructured interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phone interviews with subjects with chronic low back pain after they completed a double-blind controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two of 60 (86%) randomized controlled trial completers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-seven percent had more than one reason for study participation, including the following: to contribute to research; to seek relief of pain (both short- and long-term); to try a different drug; monetary remuneration; and to have their pain taken seriously. An initial altruistic reason for participation was often followed later in the interview by reasons of personal benefit. In most cases, the single question, "why did you participate?" was insufficient to reveal these multiple reasons. "Personal benefit" had many individual meanings, framed in the context of an illness narrative of coping with chronic pain. Despite reasons of personal benefit, subjects were still able to make the distinction between research and clinical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessing the adequacy of informed consent requires a thorough understanding of how subjects viewed a study and their reasons for participation. Quantitative-based surveys may not capture the complexities of reasons for study participation. Reasons of personal benefit, seemingly contradictory reasons for participation, or overriding desire for relief may all affect the quality of informed consent. Yet, these issues may not automatically signal the presence of TM.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Anesthesiology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. awasan@partners.org
authors.forename: Ajay D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wasan
authors.forename: Simone P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Taubenberger
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D032882:Comprehension; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000941:ethics*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D045808:Refusal to Participate; D012106:Research; D055815:Young Adult