title: Functional promoter variant in zinc finger protein 202 predicts severe atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to test the hypotheses that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in zinc finger protein 202 (ZNF202), predict severe atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease (IHD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ZNF202 is a transcriptional repressor controlling promoter elements in genes involved in vascular maintenance and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first determined genotype association for 9 ZNF202 SNPs with severe atherosclerosis (ankle brachial index >0.7 vs. <or=0.7) in a cross-sectional study of 5,355 individuals from the Danish general population. We then determined genotype association with IHD in 10,431 individuals from the Danish general population, the CCHS (Copenhagen City Heart Study), including 1,511 incident IHD events during 28 years of follow-up. Results were verified in 2 independent case-control studies including, respectively, 942 and 1,549 cases with IHD and 8,998 controls. Finally, we determined whether g.-660A>G altered transcriptional activity of the ZNF202 promoter in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cross-sectionally, ZNF202 g.-660 GG versus AA homozygosity predicted an odds ratio for severe atherosclerosis of 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34 to 3.01). Prospectively, GG versus AA homozygosity predicted a hazard ratio for IHD of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.43). In the 2 case-control studies, the equivalent odds ratios for IHD were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.62) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.34 to 1.92), confirming the results from the prospective study. Only 2 other SNPs, which were highly correlated with g.-660A>G, also predicted risk of severe atherosclerosis and IHD. Finally, ZNF202 g.-660G versus g.-660A was associated with a 60% reduction in transcriptional activity in vitro, whereas none of the 2 correlated SNPs were predicted to be functional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Homozygosity for a common functional promoter variant in ZNF202 predicts severe atherosclerosis and an increased risk of IHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria C A
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stene
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frikke-Schmidt
authors.forename: Børge G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Nordestgaard
authors.forename: Peer
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schnohr
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tybjaerg-Hansen
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D012097:Repressor Proteins; C115745:ZNF202 protein, human