title: Neuroimmune-endocrine interactions during early pregnancy in an autoimmune context: focus on macrophage activation.
abstract: Neuroimmune-endocrine interactions seem to be central to the dialogue between the mother and the growing embryo during normal pregnancy. A proinflammatory Th1 microenvironment appears to be associated with embryo implantation but an excess of these cytokines may be deleterious. When normal gestation is subjected to stressful stimuli as those provided by a chronic inflammatory milieu, the activation profile of T cells and macrophages may be temporarily changed. Although much evidence supports the protective role of pregnancy in Th1 autoimmune diseases, the comprehension of the maternofetal interaction in an inflammatory context may serve to get more insight into pregnancy failures. Macrophages integrate multiple inputs and signals of neuroimmune-endocrine systems and they appear as major participants in either embryo implantation or loss. Changes at the macrophage level during gestation might help to understand their regulatory role in embryo implantation as well as to disclose their local and systemic pathogenic potential.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larocca
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramhorst
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: Julieta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aisemberg
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez Leirós
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology