title: Variability of swallow-associated sounds in adults and infants.
abstract: We previously used cervical auscultation (CA) to describe the stability of swallow-associated sounds of infant feeding. To date, no similar studies have been performed in adults. The objectives of this study were to identify the initial discrete sounds (IDS) of adult swallows and compare the stability of IDS signals in infants to that of adults. We performed CA with a microphone and accelerometer fixed simultaneously to the neck of 20 healthy adults. Each participant consumed a liquid, puree, and solid. The microphone and accelerometer collected signals of similar duration. The variance index (VI), an assessment of the stability of the IDS, was compared in adults and a group of low-risk preterm infants. The VI of adults swallowing liquid (29.1 [24.1, 36.6] {25%, 75%}) did not differ from that of preterm infants older than 36 weeks PMA (36.3 [33.4, 41.9]), but was lower than the VI of infants younger than 36 weeks PMA (49.0 [46.4, 51.1]; p < 0.05). This is the first real-time comparison of microphones and accelerometers for CA. The stability of IDS of low-risk preterm infants approaches that of normal adults as the infants age. Because successful feeding in infants is often used as a surrogate for normal development, the stability of swallow-associated sounds deserves more investigation as a potential marker for neurologic well-being.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA. ereyn2@uky.edu
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Vice
authors.forename: Ira H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gewolb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001314:Auscultation; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013018:Sound Spectrography