title: Influence of cement shade and water storage on the final color of leucite-reinforced ceramics.
abstract: Leucite-reinforced ceramics have a translucent structure, which may have an advantage when fabricating esthetic restorations. However, the different shades of cement and water storage may adversely affect the final color of translucent restorations. Over time, the final color of a restoration may be significantly affected by the shade of the cement. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of two different cement shades (Vita A1 and A3) and water storage on the final color of leucite-reinforced ceramics over time. Twenty disks of standardized thickness (0.8 mm), diameter (5 mm) and color (shade 110, Chromascope) were prepared from leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress). Ten freshly extracted human molars were used as the underlying structure, and both the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth were prepared with a diamond rotary cutting instrument and flat surfaces were created. Initially, all of the disks were bonded to the flat surfaces of the teeth with a thin layer of bonding agent (Single Bond, 3M Dental Products) to ensure immobilization of the specimens (baseline). The teeth and ceramic specimens were not etched and silanated for easy removal of the specimens. The color of the ceramic specimens was measured with a colorimeter. All disks were gently removed from the tooth surfaces, and 10 specimens (Group A1) were luted to the buccal surfaces of teeth using a dual-polymerizing resin composite cement (Vita A1, Rely X ARC), while the remaining 10 specimens (Group A3) were luted to the lingual surfaces of the teeth with a different shade (Vita A3, Rely X ARC) of the same cement. The final color of the specimens was measured immediately after cementation and at 3-, 30- and 90-day intervals after cementation. Color coordinates L*, a*, b* were recorded. The teeth were stored in 37 degrees C saline solution during measurement intervals. The Mann-Whitney U-test (post-hoc test) was performed to compare the results (alpha=0.05). The color difference of specimens luted with the two cements with different shades was not perceivable (DeltaE<3.7) for AC (after cementation), AC/3, AC/30 and AC/90 measurements. The color alteration between baseline and immediately after cementation (AC) was not perceivable for each cement group. However, after water storage, color differences between the baseline and AC/3, AC/30 and AC/90 were above this limit in bo th cement groups. The shade of the luted 0.8 mm IPS Empress porcelain specimens became darker after cementation, particularly on the third day, regardless of the cement shade tested. When the final color of ceramics luted with cements in two different shades was compared, it was observed that the final color differences were not perceivable for each measurement session.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karaagaclioglu
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003738:Dental Cements; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C115612:single bond; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C078519:leucite; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate