title: Frailty, health-related quality of life and mental well-being in older adults with cardiometabolic risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frailty is an emergent health-related problem in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the effect of frailty in elderly patients with cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and one patients 65 years or older responded to an HRQOL assessment using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-26 questionnaire. Frailty was assessed using two indices: the Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged (HRCA) vulnerability index and the Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES) index. In addition, these patients completed self-rating questionnaires assessing mental well-being [the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28)] and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the combination of HRCA and VES indices, 24 subjects (23.7%) met the criteria of frail. Persons > or = 75 years old and those with depressive mood or lower creatinine clearance had significantly lower WHOQOL-26 scores than their counterparts. Diabetes and macrovascular complications did not associate with the WHOQOL-26 scores. Compared with non-frail patients, the frail scored lower on the WHOQOL-26 questionnaire after adjusting for age, kidney dysfunction and depressive mood. Frail patients also reported significantly higher the GHQ-28 scores compared with non-frail patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frail older adults had a significant lower HRQOL, as well as lower mental well-being, independent of age, diabetes, macrovascular complication, kidney dysfunction and depressed mood.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan. kanauchi@nmu-gw.naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanauchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanauchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires