title: Reversible biotinylated oligosaccharides: a new approach for a better management of anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to obtain a neutralizable antithrombotic, a chimeric molecule (SSR126517E) containing the sequence of a long-lasting antithrombin (AT)-dependent anti-factor Xa pentasaccharide, idraparinux, linked to a biotin molecule was synthesized and tested for anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  SSR126517E was tested in several models in vitro and in vivo for its pharmacological properties as well as its ability to be neutralized by avidin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SSR126517E displayed exactly the same properties as idraparinux. In vitro, SSR126517E had a very high affinity for AT (K(d) < 1 nm) and showed a potent anti-FXa effect and inhibition of thrombin generation with IC(50) values similar to those of idraparinux. Ex vivo, after intravenous administration to rats, SSR126517E produced a potent and long-lasting anti-FXa effect comparable to that obtained with idraparinux; as with idraparinux, the subcutaneous bioavailability was 100%. In vivo, SSR126517E was a potent antithrombotic in rat and mouse venous and arterial thrombosis models. Direct comparison in rats showed that SSR126517E was as active as idraparinux, when administered at the same molar dose. Furthermore, injection of avidin triggered the immediate elimination of SSR126517E from the bloodstream, resulting in complete neutralization of the antithrombotic activity of SSR126517E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show for the first time that coupling an oligosaccharide with biotin has no effect on the former's pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties and renders neutralization easy by injection of avidin.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Angiogenesis Department, Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement, Toulouse, France. pierre.savi@sanofi-aventis.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Herault
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duchaussoy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Millet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaeffer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petitou
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001360:Avidin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019921:Biotinylation; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D013917:Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D001360:Avidin; C479958:idraparinux; D000990:Antithrombin III; D013917:Thrombin