The need for standardization of antiretinal antibody detection and measurement.
OBJECTIVE
To review the current literature on the detection and measurement of antiretinal antibodies.


METHODS
Collaborative essay.


METHODS
Literature review and interpretation.


RESULTS
There is strong evidence to suggest a role for antiretinal antibodies, particularly those targeting recoverin and alpha-enolase, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR). Additionally, numerous other autoantibodies have been described as putative mediators of retinal degeneration and more remain to be discovered. However, assay methods described in the literature by many laboratories for the detection of circulating antiretinal antibodies have been varied and diverse, making it difficult to interpret and compare their results.


CONCLUSIONS
There is currently little standardization of laboratory methods used to detect and monitor antiretinal antibodies. To measure and monitor levels of circulating antiretinal antibodies optimally in patients with AIR, development of standardized assays with stringent internal controls is required. A multicenter collaborative and validation effort is encouraged to reach a consensus on this issue.
Forooghian
Farzin
F
Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Macdonald
Ian M
IM
Heckenlively
John R
JR
Héon
Elise
E
Gordon
Lynn K
LK
Hooks
John J
JJ
Detrick
Barbara
B
Nussenblatt
Robert B
RB
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000592:standards; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000592:standards; D007159:Immunologic Tests / Q000592:standards*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000276:immunology; D051603:Recoverin / Q000276:immunology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000276:immunology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*
D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens; D051603:Recoverin; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase