title: Craniofacial and intracranial manifestations of langerhans cell histiocytosis: report of findings in 100 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review the craniofacial and intracranial clinical and radiologic manifestations of patients diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). This report will compare the frequency of the various manifestations found in our series with those reported in the medical literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In LCH, involvement of the calvaria, skull base, maxillofacial bones, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis is fairly common. The precise location of these lesions contributes to the variety of clinical manifestations of LCH, which includes scalp and/or facial swelling, seizures, hearing loss, recurrent otitis media, gingival bleeding, proptosis, diabetes insipidus, and cranial nerve palsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA. dambrosn@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: D'Ambrosio
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soohoo
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Warshall
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karimi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed