title: Comparative effects of infrared and one-third hot-blade trimming on beak topography, behavior, and growth.
abstract: This research examined the effects of infrared beak treatment on layer chicks. Seventy-two layer chicks were assigned to hot-blade trimming (HB), infrared treatment (IR), or a control treatment. Day-old chicks were pair-housed by treatment. Beak photographs, behavior, and production indices were obtained at intervals for 9 wk posttreatment. All beaks were normally shaped at the onset of the study, and no perceptible treatment-related differences in shape occurred over time (P > 0.05). Posttreatment, HB birds had shorter beaks relative to the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). Control and IR beaks remained comparable in length until tissue eroded in IR beaks at 1 to 2 wk posttreatment. Thereafter, beak length increased in all treatments over time (P < 0.01). Two weeks posttreatment, beaks were longest in control birds, intermediate in HB birds (P < 0.001), and shortest in IR birds (P < 0.001). The HB birds had abnormal deviations from a normal upper-to-lower mandible length ratio than the IR or control birds (P < 0.05). Notable effects of treatment on production emerged by +2 d and persisted for 5 wk. Growth and feed intake were lower in HB and IR birds compared with control birds (P < 0.05), with IR birds performing least well until the fourth week of the study (P < 0.05). Thereafter, they performed similarly to the HB group. Feed waste was lowest in the IR group and was generally greatest in the control group (P < 0.05). There was an overall effect of trimming, irrespective of method, on behavior, particularly eating and drinking behaviors (P < 0.05). Specifically, IR birds were less active (P < 0.01) and spent less time eating (P < 0.01) and drinking (P < 0.05) than did control birds. Behavior in HB birds often ranked intermediate in duration and incidence, but was not significantly different compared with behavior measured in the control and IR groups. Effects of treatment on behavior were not present after 1 wk posttrimming. Results indicate that acute pain occurred with both trimming methods. Although the impact of trimming appeared to be greatest in the IR birds initially, these differences disappeared relatively quickly, and subsequent performance was similar in both trimmed groups.
authors.affiliation: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, 125 S. Russell St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. rforde@purdue.edu
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marchant-Forde
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001502:Beak / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric