title: Maternal protein-energy supplementation does not affect adolescent blood pressure in The Gambia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Birthweight, and by inference maternal nutrition during pregnancy, is thought to be an important determinant of offspring blood pressure but the evidence base for this in humans is lacking data from randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The offspring from a maternal prenatal protein-energy supplementation trial were enrolled into a follow-up study of chronic disease risk factors including blood pressure. Subjects were 11-17 years of age and blood pressure was measured in triplicate using an automated monitor (Omron 705IT). One-thousand two-hundred sixty seven individuals (71% of potential participants) were included in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in blood pressure between those whose mothers had consumed protein-energy biscuits during pregnancy and those whose mothers had consumed the same supplement post-partum. For systolic blood pressure the intention-to-treat regression coefficient was 0.46 (95% CI: -1.12, 2.04). Mean systolic blood pressure for control children was 110.2 (SD +/- 9.3) mmHg and for intervention children was 110.8 (SD +/- 8.8) mmHg. Mean diastolic blood pressure for control children was 64.7 (SD +/- 7.7) mmHg and for intervention children was 64.6 (SD +/- 7.6) mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found no association between maternal prenatal protein-energy supplementation and offspring blood pressure in adolescence amongst rural Gambians. We found some evidence to suggest that offspring body composition may interact with the effect of maternal supplementation on blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. sophie.hawkesworth@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawkesworth
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: Anthony Jc
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: Sophie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005714:Gambia; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins