title: The intracarotid amobarbital or Wada test: unilateral or bilateral?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the Netherlands, presurgical screening for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) includes the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP), consisting of two consecutive injections of amobarbital, ipsilateral and contralateral to the epileptic focus. We studied whether a bilateral IAP has added value to a unilateral, ipsilateral IAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based study included 183 consecutive patients referred for screening for TLE surgery who underwent bilateral IAP. Using multivariable modeling, we assessed the added value of bilateral IAP on the decision for surgery, resection size, amygdalohippocampectomy, post-operative seizure freedom, memory performance, and IQ change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Given the results from the unilateral IAP, the bilateral IAP had added prognostic value for postoperative change in verbal memory (P < 0.01) and verbal IQ (P < 0.01), especially if patients had a left-sided focus. In contrast, information provided by the contralateral IAP was not associated with decision-making or surgical strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bilateral IAP has added value in predicting post-operative verbal memory and IQ. A bilateral IAP is currently not used to guide surgical strategy, but may be used for this purpose when verbal capacity is of particular concern in patients with a left-sided focus. In other cases, IAP is best performed unilaterally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.g.uijl@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Uijl
authors.forename: F S S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Leijten
authors.forename: J B A M
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Huffelen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: K G M
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Moons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000647:Amnesia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000654:Amobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001037:Aphasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D000654:Amobarbital