title: Empiric antibiotic therapy in children with community-acquired pneumonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possible change of clinical response to empiric antibiotic therapy among children survivors hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia at a teaching hospital during 1991-2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective observational study. The medical records of children (aged 29 days to 12 years) with diagnosis of presumed bacterial pneumonia at hospital discharge were reviewed and patients data were extracted, using standardized forms. The principal outcome was patients response to empiric antibiotic therapy. The secondary outcome was length of hospital stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  893 patients were included for this study. Penicillin and derivatives were the most commonly used empiric antibiotics throughout the studied period. There was a slight but statistically significant increase in the mean rate of antibiotic failure from 1991-1998 to 1999-2001 (3.8% vs 11.4% P<0,001). The most common causes for antibiotic failure were inadequate coverage of initial antibiotics between 1991-1998 and presumed antibiotic resistance between 1999-2001. No significant difference was observed regarding the means of length of hospital stay during the whole studied period (P=0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Empiric antibiotic therapy was effective among children with community-acquired pneumonia treated at a teaching hospital between 1991-2001, inspite of a slight increase in the rate of presumed antibiotic resistance in later years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio GrandeRS, Brazil. zhanglinjie63@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Linjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lovatel
authors.forename: Dilvania
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nicolete
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sinzkel
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matiello
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staszko
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lincho
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D036262:Empirical Research; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins