title: Administration of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor increases VEGF production causing angiogenesis in human small-cell lung cancer xenografts.
abstract: Angiogenesis is mediated mainly by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF causes rapid growth in cancers, including human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The anti-angiogenic strategy of treating cancer using VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibition is currently of great interest. We tested the effects of the VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vandetanib on the proliferation of two kinds of SCLC cell lines: SBC-1 cells, with detectable VEGFR2 expression and MS-1-L cells, without detectable VEGFR2 expression. To evaluate the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of vandetanib in vivo, we grafted SBC-1 and MS-1-L cells into mice. After a 3-week treatment, we measured the tumor size and histologically evaluated necrosis and apoptosis using H&E and TUNEL staining, respectively. The microvessels in the xenografts were also quantified by immunostaining of CD31. Vandetanib did not affect the proliferation of SBC-1 cells, but stimulated the growth of MS-1-L cells. In the SCLC xenograft model, vandetanib inhibited growth and tumor angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in SBC-1 xenografts. Vandetanib inhibited the growth of MS-1-L xenografts at a low dose (<12.5 mg/kg/day), but it did not affect tumor size or change microvessel counts at a higher dose. Interestingly, secretion of VEGF increased significantly in the MS-1-L cell line in the presence of a high dose of vandetanib in vitro. The effects of vandetanib on tumor angiogenesis were different in SBC-1 and MS-1-L cell lines. Production of angiogenic factors such as VEGF by the tumor potentially stimulates tumor angiogenesis and results in the acquisition of resistance to VEGFR TKI.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibukawa
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohsaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; C452423:vandetanib