title: Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene expression increases after pioglitazone treatment and is associated with peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma responsiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme that converts palmitoyl- and stearoyl-coenzyme A to palmitoleoyl- and oleoyl-cownzyme A, respectively. SCD-deficient mice are protected from obesity, and the ob/ob mouse has high levels of SCD. This study was designed to better characterize SCD1 gene and protein expression in humans with varying insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a university hospital clinical research center setting, SCD1 gene expression was measured in sc adipose and vastus lateralis muscle of 86 nondiabetic subjects; 10 wk of pioglitazone (45 mg daily) and metformin (1000 mg twice daily) treatment were assessed in 36 impaired glucose-tolerant subjects. Adipocytes were treated with pioglitazone, and SCD1 expression was attenuated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to examine other adipocyte genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant relationship between adipose or muscle SCD1 mRNA and either body mass index or insulin sensitivity. After pioglitazone (but not metformin) treatment, there was a 2-fold increase in SCD1 mRNA and protein in adipose tissue. Pioglitazone also increased SCD1 in vitro. There were significant positive correlations between SCD1 and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) as well as other PPARgamma-responsive genes, including lipin-beta, AGPAT2, RBP4, adiponectin receptors, CD68, and MCP1. When SCD1 expression was inhibited with a siRNA, lipin-beta, AGPAT2, and the adiponectin R2 receptor expression were decreased, and adipocyte MCP-1 was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCD1 is closely linked to PPARgamma expression in humans, and is increased by PPARgamma agonists. The change in expression of some downstream PPARgamma targets after SCD1 knockdown suggests that PPARgamma up-regulation of SCD1 leads to increased lipogenesis and potentiation of adiponectin signaling.
authors.affiliation: Research, 598/151, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Aiwei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yao-Borengasser
authors.forename: Negah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rassouli
authors.forename: Vijayalakshmi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bodles
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasouli
authors.forename: Resat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Bounleut
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phanavanh
authors.forename: Gouri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: McGehee
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008820:Mice, Obese; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D008687:Metformin; D013230:Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase; D000077205:Pioglitazone