title: Serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 promotes liver tumorigenesis induction through mediating survival and preventing apoptosis of liver cell.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been proven that serine/threonine kinase pim-2 mediates cell survival and prevents apoptosis in hematopoietic system tumors and lymphomas, but its role in solid organ tumor induction is still unclear. In this study, we investigated its effects and underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first examined the pim-2 gene expression and its protein levels in human hepatocellular carcinoma, paired noncancerous liver, and normal liver tissues. Then, we cultured human liver cancer cells and immortalized liver cells to examine the effects of pim-2 gene on the cell viability, growth, and apoptosis in different culture conditions. For further investigation of the molecular events in the pim-2 signal pathway, we also explored pim-2 kinase activity on phosphorylation of the two downstream signal mediators: 4E-BP1 and Bad.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pim-2 gene and protein were notably expressed in human liver cancer tissues and HepG2 cells. The ectopic pim-2 overexpressing L02 cells were able to survive in interleukin-3 (IL-3)-deprived circumstance but not in glucose-free medium. Compared with HepG2 cells, pim-2 knock-down HepG2 cells lost survival ability in IL-3 starvation medium. In pim-2-expressing cells, both the total protein expressions of 4E-BP1 and Bad were kept stable; however, their phosphorylated patterns were notably increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that pim-2 acts as a pro-survival kinase to inhibit apoptosis and keep liver cell survival in IL-3-deprived medium. Pim-2 might participate in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma induction through its downstream molecules 4E-BP1 and Bad.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, 2nd College of Clinical Medicine, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Science, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Jinjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Chang'an
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yujun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C490587:PIM2 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases