title: Intravesical administration of gammadelta T cells successfully prevents the growth of bladder cancer in the murine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Superficial bladder cancers are usually managed with transurethral resection followed by the intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin which requires major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression on cancer cells. Since cancer cells often loose MHC expression, a novel immunotherapy such as MHC-unrestricted gammadelta T cell therapy is desired.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the relationship between the expression of MHC class I and clinicopathological features in bladder cancer patients, and investigate the effects of the administration of intravesical gammadelta T cells on bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from 123 patients who had undergone either transurethral resection or radical cystectomies were examined for MHC expression and the relationship between this and the clinicopathological features was analyzed statistically. The in vitro and in vivo effects of gammadelta T cells expanded by zoledronic acid (ZOL) against several types of cancer cell line and an orthotopic bladder cancer murine model which was pretreated with ZOL were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MHC-diminished superficial bladder cancer was significantly more progressive than MHC-conservative bladder cancer (P = 0.047). In addition, there was a significant association between diminished MHC expression and poor disease free survival (P = 0.041) and overall survival (P = 0.018) after radical cystectomy. In vitro, all of the cell lines pretreated with 5-microM ZOL showed a marked increase in sensitivity to lysis by gammadelta T cells. Moreover, intravesical administration of gammadelta T cells with 5-microM ZOL significantly demonstrated antitumor activity against bladder cancer cells in the orthotopic murine model (P < 0.001), resulting in prolonged survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present murine model provides a potentially interesting option to develop immunotherapy using gammadelta T cells for bladder cancer in human.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashihara
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maita
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011379:Prognosis; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007093:Imidazoles; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid