title: [Chronic heart failure].
abstract: As a consequence of the increasing life expectancy the number of patients suffering from chronic heart failure has been growing continuously in the past few decades, especially in the group of the old and oldest. Frailty is a clinical syndrome that geriatricians attach great importance to. Like many other diseases chronic heart failure can cause frailty. Based on the experience that we see only a small correlation between the functional capacity of patients with heart failure and the results of cardiological findings, the model of peripheral myopathy in chronic heart failure was developed. Different pathophysiological changes may cause the increasing exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. We can already consider different experimental approaches to the therapy of frailty caused by chronic heart failure. At the moment we have to focus our efforts on an optimal therapy of heart failure, especially with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers, and on individual endurance and strength training.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Akutgeriatrie, Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl, Anna Dengel Haus, Hochzirl, Austria. markus.gosch@tilak.at
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gosch
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents