title: A novel programme to evaluate and communicate 10-year risk of CHD reduces predicted risk and improves patients' modifiable risk factor profile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether a novel programme to evaluate/communicate predicted coronary heart disease (CHD) risk could lower patients' predicted Framingham CHD risk vs. usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Risk Evaluation and Communication Health Outcomes and Utilization Trial was a prospective, controlled, cluster-randomised trial in nine European countries, among patients at moderate cardiovascular risk. Following baseline assessments, physicians in the intervention group calculated patients' predicted CHD risk and were instructed to advise patients according to a risk evaluation/communication programme. Usual care physicians did not calculate patients' risk and provided usual care only. The primary end-point was Framingham 10-year CHD risk at 6 months with intervention vs. usual care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1103 patients across 100 sites, 524 patients receiving intervention, and 461 receiving usual care, were analysed for efficacy. After 6 months, mean predicted risks were 12.5% with intervention, and 13.7% with usual care [odds ratio = 0.896; p = 0.001, adjusted for risk at baseline (17.2% intervention; 16.9% usual care) and other covariates]. The proportion of patients achieving both blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets was significantly higher with intervention (25.4%) than usual care (14.1%; p < 0.001), and 29.3% of smokers in the intervention group quit smoking vs. 21.4% of those receiving usual care (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A physician-implemented CHD risk evaluation/communication programme improved patients' modifiable risk factor profile, and lowered predicted CHD risk compared with usual care. By combining this strategy with more intensive treatment to reduce residual modifiable risk, we believe that substantial improvements in cardiovascular disease prevention could be achieved in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jbenner@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flammer
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moller
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rajicic
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Changela
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yunis
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cherry
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gaciong
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M C J M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sturkenboom
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Puig
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Girerd
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003142:Communication; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents