Psychological health in cancer survivors.
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of both negative (distress) and positive responses (growth, well-being) to the cancer experience is examined and difficulties in establishing the prevalence of these responses discussed. A conceptual framework for understanding factors associated with psychological health in cancer survivors is presented. Finally, strategies for promoting psychological health in cancer survivors are examined.


METHODS
Review of the literature.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychological health in cancer survivors is defined by the presence or absence of distress as well as the presence or absence of positive well-being and psychological growth. Furthermore, psychological health in cancer survivors is determined by the balance between two classes of factors: the stress and burden posed by the cancer experience and the resources available for coping with this stress and burden.


CONCLUSIONS
In general, promotion of psychological health is based on the prevention or treatment of distress as well as the encouragement of growth and well-being. Periodic screening for psychological distress across the cancer trajectory is critical to appropriate management of distress.
Andrykowski
Michael A
MA
Department of Behavioural Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA. mandry@uky.edu
Lykins
Emily
E
Floyd
Andrea
A
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008016:Life Change Events; D008403:Mass Screening; D008603:Mental Health; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015399:Nursing Research; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012934:Social Isolation; D012944:Social Support; D013240:Stereotyping; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data