title: A novel cell-based therapy for contusion spinal cord injury using GDNF-delivering NIH3T3 cells with dual reporter genes monitored by molecular imaging.
abstract: This aim of our study was to evaluate a novel cell-based therapy for contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) using embryonic-derived NIH3T3 cells, which endogenously express glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proliferation and differentiation of transplanted NIH3T3 cells and their anti-apoptotic effects were examined after their engraftment into the spinal cords of Long-Evans rats subjected to acute SCI at the T10 vertebral level by a New York University impactor device. NIH3T3 cells were initially engineered to contain dual reporter genes, namely thymidine kinase (T) and enhanced green fluorescence protein (G), for in vivo cell tracking by both nuclear and fluorescence imaging modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Planar and fluorescence imaging demonstrated that transplanted NIH3T3-TG cells at the L1 vertebral level migrated 2 cm distal to the injury site as early as 2 h, and the signals persisted for 48 h after SCI. The expression of GDNF by NIH3T3-TG cells was then confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis both in vitro and in vivo. GDNF-secreting NIH3T3-TG transplant provided anti-apoptotic effects in the injured cord over the period of 3 wk. Finally, NIH3T3-TG cells cultured under neuronal differentiation medium exhibited both morphologic and genetic resemblance to neuronal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDNF-secreting NIH3T3-TG cells in combination with molecular imaging could be a platform for developing therapeutic tools for acute SCI.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Chung-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Alexander T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liang-Yo
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Ta
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Wen-Fu
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chih-Hsiung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Juri G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gelovani
authors.forename: Win-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003288:Contusions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor