title: In vitro differentiation of human monocytes into dendritic cells by peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin is independent of genetic predisposition and the presence of celiac disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was done to further reveal the role of the innate immune system in celiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dendritic cells were matured from venous blood of patients with active or treated celiac disease and DQ2-DQ8-positive or negative controls. Dendritic cells were treated with a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin (500 microg/ml) and their activation was analyzed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis, cytokine secretion, and their ability to elicit T cell proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gliadin upregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-12 (p40) secretion in dendritic cells and induced strong expression of the maturation markers human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD25, CD83, and CD86 of all subjects irrespective of their genotype or the presence of disease, whereas the digest of bovine serum albumin showed no effect. However, gliadin-stimulated dendritic cells from active celiac showed enhanced stimulation of autologous T cells compared to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research should be aimed at identifying the mechanisms that control inflammation in healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine 1, University Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakhimova
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esslinger
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulze-Krebs
authors.forename: Eckhart G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuppan
authors.forename: Walburga
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dieterich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005903:Gliadin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D005903:Gliadin; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014357:Trypsin; D000097802:CD83 Antigen