title: Dynamic indocyanine green angiography-guided focal thermal laser treatment of fibrotic choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrotic choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) are the end-stage outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No treatment is currently available for fibrotic CNV. We investigated the role of focal thermal laser ablation of the perfusing afferent arteriole as determined by dynamic indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of 20 patients with fibrotic CNV associated with significant subretinal fluid or retinal edema, who also demonstrated well-defined perfusing arterioles by dynamic ICGA. Patients underwent focal thermal laser occlusion of the perfusing afferent arteriole. Six, 12 and 24 weeks post-treatment, eyes underwent repeat examination with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual acuity testing, and ICGA at 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapeutic closure of the perfusing afferent arterioles was achieved in 17 of 20 eyes immediately post-treatment. All 17 of these eyes demonstrated significant resolution of retinal edema and subretinal fluid, as evidenced by OCT, which was dramatic in some cases. Seven eyes demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity of 1 line or more. While most eyes demonstrated reperfusion within 3 months, many lesions suggested reduced vascularity and flow.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eyes with fibrotic CNV and associated retinal edema often demonstrate well-defined vascularity of the fibrosis with discrete perfusing arterioles when imaged by dynamic ICGA. Thermal laser occlusion of these arterioles can result in resolution of subretinal fluid, and occasionally an improvement in vision. This represents a potential therapeutic intervention for an advanced stage of AMD currently regarded as stable.
authors.affiliation: The Duke Center for Macular Diseases and Albert Eye Research Institute, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA. scott.cousins@duke.edu
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Srilaxmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bearelly
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reinoso
authors.forename: Sulene L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Diego G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Espinosa-Heidmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001160:Arterioles / Q000601:surgery; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D010211:Papilledema / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green