title: Breast MR for the evaluation of occult nipple discharge.
abstract: Pathologic nipple discharge often presents a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for clinicians. We present two patients with pathologic nipple discharge in whom breast MR facilitated preoperative identification of and management of otherwise occult index lesions. Breast MR should be considered in the toolbox for evaluation of occult nipple discharge when other available strategies have failed to demonstrate an underlying etiology for the pathologic discharge. The use of breast MR in this setting may permit directed evaluation and management of potentially malignant lesions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Vincent E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Mortellaro
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: Steven N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hochwald
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Grobmyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism*