title: Association between stress and temporomandibular disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the causes of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) by examining the relationships between 3 major TMD symptoms, parafunction, and stress, a questionnaire survey was performed during dental examinations in corporations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey was performed using 6 questions on the following topics: 1. Trismus; 2. Joint noise; 3. Pain; 4. Clenching in the daytime; 5. Nocturnal bruxism; and 6. Stress. There were 3,225 subjects, 2,809 males and 416 females and the mean age of the subjects was 40.12 years. The relationships between questions 1 to 5 and question 6 were examined by the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant correlations (question 1, p = 0.001; questions 2-5, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clearly, there was an influence of psychological factors, such as stress, on TMD, and such factors were considered to play important roles in its etiology, progression, and treatment. The results of this study suggest that well-controlled studies of TMD are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan. kanehira@cc.osaka-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: Harukazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agariguchi
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*