title: Influence of nicotine on healing process of autogenous bone block grafts in the mandible: a histomorphometric study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of the effect of nicotine on autogenous bone block grafts and to describe events in the initial healing phase and the differences in the repair processes between animals exposed to nicotine and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, the nicotine group and the saline group. All animals received either nicotine (3 mg/kg) or saline 4 weeks before the surgical procedure and continued to receive nicotine from surgery to sacrifice at 7, 14, or 28 days. The autogenous bone block graft was harvested from the calvaria and stabilized on the external cortical area near the angle of the mandible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic analyses of the nicotine group depicted a delay in osteogenic activity at the bed-graft interface, as well as impairment of the organization of the granulation tissue that developed instead of blood clot. Nicotine-group specimens exhibited less bone neoformation, and the newly formed bone was poorly cellularized and vascularized. The histometric analysis revealed significantly less bone formation in the nicotine group at both 14 days (23.75% +/- 6.18% versus 51.31% +/- 8.31%) and 28 days (42.44% +/- 8.70% versus 73.00% +/- 4.99%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine did jeopardize the early healing process of autogenous bone block grafts in rats but did not prevent it.
authors.affiliation: Dental School of Araçatuba, University of São Paulo, Brazil. sbonfante@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Samara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonfante
authors.forename: Alvaro Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Danielle Shima
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Luize
authors.forename: Juliano Milanezi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Tania Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: Rumio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine