title: Nondigestive symptoms in non-erosive reflux disease: nature, prevalence and relation to acid reflux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nondigestive symptoms are frequent in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize nondigestive symptoms in non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (NERD) patients, as features of IBS are common in patients with NERD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, case-control study. NERD was defined in patients with reflux symptoms, a normal oesophageal mucosa and oesophageal pH < 4 for > or = 5% of the time during 24-h pH monitoring. Nondigestive symptoms were scored on validated scales of somatic pain, urinary, sleep and neurasthenia. IBS was defined by the Rome I criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pH-positive NERD patients (n = 326) scored significantly higher than controls (nonpatient hospital visitors; n = 174) on all scales. The scores of pain, sleep and neurasthenia were highly specific in the discrimination of NERD patients from controls. In patients, nondigestive symptoms were independently associated with age, reflux symptoms severity and IBS status, but not with oesophageal acid exposure. NERD patients who met diagnostic criteria for IBS (49%) scored significantly higher on all the nondigestive symptoms scales than those had not met [IBS(-)]. Yet, IBS(-) patients scored significantly higher than controls on all scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nondigestive symptoms were highly prevalent in NERD patients and were specific in their discrimination from controls. Nondigestive symptoms correlated with reflux symptoms and were predicted by IBS status.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel. tiberiuh@hadassah.org.il
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hershcovici
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires