title: Homeopathic pathogenetic trials produce more specific than non-specific symptoms: results from two double-blind placebo controlled trials.
abstract: We conducted two parallel, blinded homeopathic pathogenetic trials conducted at two different sites to determine whether symptoms reported by healthy volunteers were significantly different for homeopathic remedies than for placebos. Study 1 used a two-armed design, testing ozone against placebo. Study 2 used a three-armed design, testing ozone and iridium against placebo. We found significantly more remedy-specific symptoms in provers taking ozone or iridium than in provers taking placebo in the three-armed trial and in both trials pooled for ozone and placebo. We, therefore, conclude that homeopathic remedies produce more symptoms typical for a remedy than non-typical symptoms. The results furthermore suggest a somewhat non-classical pattern because symptoms of one remedy appear to be mimicked in the other trial arm. This might be indicative of entanglement in homeopathic systems.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences and European Office of the Samueli Institute for Information Biology, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK. harald.walach@northampton.ac.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Möllinger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sherr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007495:Iridium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015990:Placebo Effect; D012107:Research Design; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007495:Iridium; D010126:Ozone