title: Tolerability of amine uptake inhibitors in urologic diseases.
abstract: Inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline (NA) reuptake have been developed for pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder. Insights in the role of 5-HT and NA in the neurological control of the lower urinary tract have also led to their application in common urological conditions such as stress urinary incontinence (SUI), nocturnal enuresis and ejaculatory disorders. The European approval of the 5-HT and NA reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine for treatment of SUI underlines the importance of a new approach in SUI, but has also given rise to questions about the safety of antidepressants in urology. This paper reviews the safety of 5-HT and NA reuptake inhibitors in their on- and off-label use in urology. A systematic Medline search was performed for randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses and practice guidelines dealing with antidepressants in urology. The safety profiles of the drugs in the urological population were compared with data from psychiatric populations. Tricyclic antidepressants are associated with serious cardiovascular side effects. In addition, anticholinergic and antihistaminic side effects are common. Although recently questions have been raised regarding the cardiovascular safety profile of venlafaxine, most selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors and SNRI have not been associated with serious cardiovascular effects. Their most common side effect is nausea. However, nausea tends to be mild and, importantly, transient. Patient counselling about side effects and up-titrating doses may be useful strategies for minimising discomfort and withdrawals.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.c.michel@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Henricus G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ruhe
authors.forename: Annemieke A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Ramiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oelke
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D009638:Norepinephrine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride