title: Adaptive sugar sensors in hypothalamic feeding circuits.
abstract: Brain glucose sensing is critical for healthy energy balance, but how appropriate neurocircuits encode both small changes and large background values of glucose levels is unknown. Here, we report several features of hypothalamic orexin neurons, cells essential for normal wakefulness and feeding: (i) A distinct group of orexin neurons exhibits only transient inhibitory responses to sustained rises in sugar levels; (ii) this sensing strategy involves time-dependent recovery from inhibition via adaptive closure of leak-like K(+) channels; (iii) combining transient and sustained glucosensing allows orexin cell firing to maintain sensitivity to small fluctuations in glucose levels while simultaneously encoding a large range of baseline glucose concentrations. These data provide insights into how vital behavioral orchestrators sense key features of the internal environment while sustaining a basic activity tone required for the stability of consciousness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge C82 1PD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rhiannan H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Haris
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: Lise T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fugger
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burdakov
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000068797:Orexins
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D005947:Glucose