title: Relationships between menopausal symptoms, depression, and exercise in middle-aged women: a cross-sectional survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between the severity of menopausal symptoms and depression in Korean women, 40-60 years of age, and to compare the severity of menopausal symptoms and depression between subjects who exercise regularly and subjects who do not exercise regularly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this cross-sectional, descriptive study were collected by administering questionnaires eliciting general information, menopausal symptoms, the Beck Depression Index and an exercise history to 648 middle-aged women who participated in a women's health promotion program held in the public health center located in Incheon, Korea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant positive correlation between the severity of menopausal symptoms and depression. The severity of menopausal symptoms and depression in subjects who exercised more than three times a week were significantly lower than in the subjects who did not exercise. Menopausal symptoms differed significantly by education, marital status, economic level, and menopausal status. Economic status was related to education level and marital status. The correlation between body mass index and hot flushes was significant, but the magnitude of the correlation coefficient was small (r=.208, p=.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who were depressed had more menopausal symptoms than women who were not depressed, and women who exercised regularly were less depressed and less symptomatic than women who did not exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Inha University, #253 Younghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngwhee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hwasoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D017533:Marital Status; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*