title: The foramen spinosum: a landmark in middle fossa surgery.
abstract: The foramen spinosum is an easily identifiable landmark in microsurgery of the middle cranial fossa, and knowledge of the variations in its relationship to the surrounding neurovascular structures is important when operating in this area. We studied the anatomical relationship of the foramen spinosum to the foramen ovale, the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, and the petrous part of the internal carotid artery in 12 cadaver heads. We also tried to define an external landmark for early identification of the location of the foramen spinosum in ten dry skulls. We found considerable variations in the anatomy around the foramen spinosum. This knowledge may improve the identification and preservation of the neurovascular structures when using approaches to the middle cranial fossa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. nkrayenbuehl@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: Niklaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krayenbühl
authors.forename: Gustavo Rassier
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Isolan
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al-Mefty
mesh_terms: D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002102:Cadaver; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D035301:Cranial Fossa, Middle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004210:Dissection; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008576:Meningeal Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008866:Microsurgery; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014276:Trigeminal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology