title: Investigations on the activity concentrations of 238U, 226RA, 228RA, 210PB and 40K in Jordan phosphogypsum and fertilizers.
abstract: The activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides ((238)U, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, (210)Pb and (40)K) in Jordanian phosphate ore, fertilizer material and phosphogypsum piles were investigated. The results show the partitioning of radionuclides in fertilizer products and phosphogypsum piles. The outcome of this study will enrich the Jordanian radiological map database, and will be useful for an estimation of the radiological impact of this industrial complex on the immediate environment. The activity concentration of (210)Pb was found to vary from 95 +/- 8 to 129 +/- 8 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 111 +/- 14 Bq kg(-1) in fertilizer samples, and from 364 +/- 8 to 428 +/- 10 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 391 +/- 30 Bq kg(-1) in phosphogypsum samples; while in phosphate wet rock samples, it was found to vary between 621 +/- 9 and 637 +/- 10 Bq kg(-1), with a mean value of 628 +/- 7 Bq kg(-1). The activity concentration of (226)Ra in fertilizer samples (between 31 +/- 4 and 42 +/- 5 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 37 +/- 6 Bq kg(-1)) was found to be much smaller than the activity concentration of (226)Ra in phosphogypsum samples (between 302 +/- 8 and 442 +/- 8 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 376 +/- 62 Bq kg(-1)). In contrast, the activity concentration of (238)U in fertilizer samples (between 1011 +/- 13 and 1061 +/- 14 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 1033 +/- 22 Bq kg(-1)) was found to be much higher than the activity concentration of (238)U in phosphogypsum samples (between 14 +/- 5 and 37 +/- 7 Bq kg(-1) with a mean value of 22 +/- 11 Bq kg(-1)). This indicates that (210)Pb and (226)Ra show similar behaviour, and are concentrated in phosphogypsum piles. In addition, both isotopes enhanced the activity concentration in phosphogypsum piles, while (238)U enhanced the activity concentration in the fertilizer. Due to the radioactivity released from the phosphate rock processing plants into the environment, the highest collective dose commitment for the lungs was found to be 1.02 person nGy t(-1). Lung tissue also shows the highest effect due the presence of (226)Ra in the radioactive cloud (0.087 person nGy t(-1)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Hashemite University, PO Box 150459, Zarqa, Jordan. jaj@hu.edu.jo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Jundi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Al-Ahmad
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shehadeh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Afaneh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maghrabi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gerstmann
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Höllriegl
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Oeh
mesh_terms: D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D007597:Jordan; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012990:Soil Pollutants, Radioactive; C077769:phosphogypsum; D010758:Phosphorus; D002133:Calcium Sulfate