title: Intermittent hypoxia has organ-specific effects on oxidative stress.
abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by upper airway collapse, leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH). It has been postulated that IH-induced oxidative stress may contribute to several chronic diseases associated with obstructive sleep apnea. We hypothesize that IH induces systemic oxidative stress by upregulating NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme. NADPH oxidase is regulated by a cytosolic p47(phox) subunit, which becomes phosphorylated during enzyme activation. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IH with an inspired O(2) fraction nadir of 5% 60 times/h during the 12-h light phase (9 AM-9 PM) for 1 or 4 wk. In the aorta and heart, IH did not affect lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA) level], nitrotyrosine level, or p47(phox) expression and phosphorylation. In contrast, in the liver, exposure to IH for 1 wk resulted in a trend to an increase in MDA levels, whereas IH for 4 wk resulted in a 38% increase in MDA levels accompanied by upregulation of p47(phox) expression and phosphorylation. Administration of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, during IH exposure attenuated IH-induced increases in hepatic MDA. In p47(phox)-deficient mice, MDA levels were higher at baseline and, unexpectedly, decreased during IH. In conclusion, oxidative stress levels and pathways under IH conditions are organ and duration specific.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. jjun2@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savransky
authors.forename: Ashika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nanayakkara
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bevans
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Vsevolod Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Polotsky
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C056165:acetovanillone; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1; D005978:Glutathione; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide