title: Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: a safe, time-saving, and cost-effective means for follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether internet-based remote monitoring offers a safe, practical, and cost-effective alternative to the in-office follow-up visits of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one patients (62 +/- 10 years, range 41-76, 83% male) with previously implanted ICD were followed for 9 months. One-hundred and nineteen scheduled and 18 unscheduled data transmissions were performed. There were no device-related adverse events. Over 90% of the patients found the system easy to use. Physicians reported the system as being 'very easy' or 'easy' to use and found the data comparable to traditional device interrogation in 99% of the cases. They were able to address all unscheduled data transmissions remotely. Compared with the in-office visits, remote monitoring required less time from patients (6.9 +/- 5.0 vs. 182 +/- 148 min, P < 0.001) and physicians (8.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 25.8 +/- 17.0 min, P < 0.001) to complete the follow-up. Substitution of two routine in-office visits during the study by remote monitoring reduced the overall cost of routine ICD follow-up by 524 euro per patient (41%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remote monitoring offers a safe, feasible, time-saving, and cost-effective solution to ICD follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland. pekka.raatikainen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: M J Pekka
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Raatikainen
authors.forename: Paavo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Uusimaa
authors.forename: Mireille M E
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Ginneken
authors.forename: Jacques P G
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linnaluoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data