title: Comparison of thoracolumbar motion produced by manual and Jackson-table-turning methods. Study of a cadaveric instability model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who have sustained a spinal cord injury remain at risk for further neurologic deterioration until the spine is adequately stabilized. To our knowledge, no study has previously addressed the effects of different bed-to-operating room table transfer techniques on thoracolumbar spinal motion in an instability model. We hypothesized that the conventional logroll technique used to transfer patients from a supine position to a prone position on the operating room table has the potential to confer significantly more motion to the unstable thoracolumbar spine than the Jackson technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-column instability was surgically created at the L1 level in seven cadavers. Two protocols were tested. The manual technique entailed performing a standard logroll of a supine cadaver to a prone position on an operating room Jackson table. The Jackson technique involved sliding the supine cadaver to the Jackson table, securing it to the table, and then rotating it into a prone position. An electromagnetic tracking device measured motion--i.e., angular motion (flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation) and linear translation (axial, medial-lateral, and anterior-posterior) between T12 and L2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The logroll technique created significantly more motion than the Jackson technique as measured with all six parameters. Manual logroll transfers produced an average of 13.8 degrees to 18.1 degrees of maximum angular displacement and 16.6 to 28.3 mm of maximum linear translation. The Jackson technique resulted in an average of 3.1 degrees to 5.8 degrees of maximum angular displacement (p < 0.001) and 4.0 to 10.0 mm of maximum linear translation (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the logroll, the Jackson-table transfer method provides superior immobilization of an unstable thoracolumbar spine during transfer of supine cadavers to a prone position on the operating room table.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study addresses in-hospital patient safety. Performing the Jackson turn requires approximately half as many people as required for a manual logroll. This study suggests that the Jackson technique should be considered for supine-to-prone transfer of patients with known or suspected instability of the thoracolumbar spine.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: DiPaola
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DiPaola
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: MaryBeth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horodyski
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Rossi
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawers
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Rechtine
mesh_terms: D001513:Beds; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D016684:Prone Position; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012399:Rotation; D016683:Supine Position; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D014187:Transportation of Patients