title: Effect of cryoprotectants on hatching rate of red seabream (Pagrus major) embryos.
abstract: The objectives were to investigate the effect of cryoprotectants on the hatching rate of red seabream embryos. Heart-beat embryos were immersed in: five permeable cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol (Gly), methanol (MeOH), 1,2-propylene glycol (PG), and ethylene glycol (EG), in concentrations of 5-30% for 10, 30, or 60 min; and two non-permeable cryoprotectants: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sucrose (in concentrations of 5-20% for 10 or 30 min). The embryos were then washed and incubated in filtered seawater until hatching occurred. The hatching rate of the embryos treated with permeable cryoprotectants decreased (P<0.05) with increased concentration and duration of exposure. In addition, PG was the least toxic permeable cryoprotectant, followed by DMSO and EG, whereas Gly and MeOH were the most toxic. At a concentration of 15% and 30 min exposure, the hatching rate of the embryos immersed in PG was 93.3+/-7.0% (mean+/-S.D.), however, in DMSO, EG, Gly, and MeOH, it was 82.7+/-10.4, 22.0+/-5.7, 0.0+/-0.0, and 0.0+/-0.0%, respectively. Hatching rate of embryos treated with PVP decreased (P<0.05) with the increase of concentration and exposure time, whereas for embryos treated with sucrose, there was no significant decrease in comparison with the control at the concentrations used.
authors.affiliation: Center of Biotechnology R&D, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, PR China.
authors.forename: Z Z
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Q H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Q Z
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents