title: Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on white blood  cell count in serum and peritoneal fluid in female rats  with endometriosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometriosis is defined as the growth of endometrium outside of the uterus in ectopic places. Immune system disturbances have an important role in endometriosis which may lead to infertility. It seems that inflammatory cytokines, specially tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which are produced by activated macrophages, play an important role in the pathology of endometriosis. Based on this theory, anti-TNF-alpha drugs are suggested as new drugs for endometriosis. This experimental study has been performed on female rats to determine the effect of pentoxifylline on the white blood cell count in serum and peritoneal fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the proestrous phase, one horn of the bicorn uterus of rats was removed surgically, and the endometrium implanted to different places as follows: subcutaneous, peritoneum and near the ovaries. After 2 months' observation, female rats were divided randomly into two groups. The treated group (n = 10) were given pentoxifylline (5 mg/kg twice a day), and the control group (n = 10) were given normal saline (the same dose), which was injected subcutaneously. Then via second laparotomy and in the same phase of the cycles, the size of implants and the white blood cell levels in the serum and peritoneum were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the treated group, the total implant mass (mm2) decreased significantly in the right subcutaneous (8.05 mm2 vs 13.5 mm2; P = 0.01), left subcutaneous (7.64 mm2 vs 14.00 mm2; P = 0.01), right ovary (6.64 mm2 vs 15.22 mm2; P = 0.001) and left ovary (7.18 mm2 vs 14.56 mm2; P = 0.005). The total white blood cell count (5254.5455 +/- 178.73 vs 15,833.33 +/- 259.27; P = 0.02) and neutrophils (297.34 +/- 57.34 vs 2736.00 +/- 346.75; P = < 0.001) in the serum were decreased and the total count of lymphocytes (4967.92 +/- 696.194 vs 13,048.33 +/- 178.73; P = 0.003) in serum was increased. There were not any significant changes in the total white blood cell count in the peritoneum in both groups. The number of estrous cycles in both groups was similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our study, pentoxifylline could decrease the size of endometrial implants, especially in the ovaries and subcutaneous areas, and total white blood cell count in serum. Pentoxifylline could increase the lymphocyte count and decrease the neutrophil count in serum, and because these changes it might alter the immune system. Pentoxifylline did not have any adverse effect on rats' cycles and a good aspect of treatment with pentoxifylline was achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Embryology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avesina Research Institute ACERCR, Tehran, Iran. af23mohammadzadeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Afsaneh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.forename: Haleh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soltanghoraee
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeddi-Tehrani
authors.forename: Marefat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghaffari Novin
authors.forename: Mahammad Mahdi A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Akhondi
authors.forename: Hojjat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeraati
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mohammadzadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000473:pathology*; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009504:Neutrophils; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010431:Pentoxifylline