title: Regulation of mRNAs encoding MMP-9 and MMP-2, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by androgens in the rat ventral prostate.
abstract: The relative activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, TIMPs) determine the extent of matrix degradation in any tissue. Their identification and characterization is key towards understanding remodeling of the prostate in the context of both castration induced atrophy and tumor invasion and metastasis. Although the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in prostate tumors has been reported, their regulation by androgens has not been studied. Here, we show that androgen ablation by castration increases the steady state mRNA levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. Blockade of the androgen receptor using flutamide, however, has differential effects on the steady state mRNA expressions of these genes. We also show that both castration and flutamide treatment cause enhanced expression of a high molecular weight gelatinolytic activity in the rat ventral prostate (RVP). Actinomycin D does not affect the increase in steady state mRNA levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. Furthermore we show that actinomycin D alone enhances the steady state mRNA and protein levels of these genes. Using RNA gel shift assay with 3'-UTR of TIMP-1, we show that an RNA binding protein is induced following castration. Taken together our data suggest that the induction of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNAs post-castration could be at least in part due to post-transcriptional stabilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
authors.forename: Anil M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Limaye
authors.forename: Kartiki V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Aravinda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chavalmane
authors.forename: Paturu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kondaiah
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002369:Castration; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005485:Flutamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D003609:Dactinomycin; D005485:Flutamide; D005780:Gelatin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9