title: Are children with congenital solitary kidney at risk for lifelong complications? A lack of prediction demands caution.
abstract: Congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK), which develops during embryo or fetal life, means having either one anatomical/functional kidney or two kidneys, one of which does not function. Similar anomalies have been seen in every other organ system and involve a large percentage of newborns. Still, prediction of long-term renal morbidity in congenital functioning solitary kidney is complicated by the great variability of renal and extrarenal phenotypes. Classification of different solitary renal types, whether or not a syndrome, may help to predict the possible evolution of complications; this may be hindered, however, by the gene-environment role during kidney development. Since the risk of renal failure in children with CSFK depends on several variables, it is always advisable to have a precise clinical description at diagnosis. This condition often requires long-term follow-up into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mother-Child and Biology-Genetics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. marco.zaffanello@univr.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaffanello
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brugnara
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuffante
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fanos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors