title: Rho/ROCK/actin signaling regulates membrane androgen receptor induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: In this study we describe a novel Rho small GTPase dependent pathway that elicits apoptotic responses controlled by actin reorganization in hormone-sensitive LNCaP- and hormone insensitive DU145-prostate cancer cells stimulated with membrane androgen receptor selective agonists. Using an albumin-conjugated steroid, testosterone-BSA, we now show significant induction of actin polymerization and apoptosis that can be reversed by actin disrupting agents in both cell lines. Testosterone-BSA triggered RhoA/B and Cdc42 activation in DU145 cells followed by stimulation of downstream effectors ROCK, LIMK2 and ADF/destrin. Furthermore, dominant-negative RhoA, RhoB or Cdc42 mutants or pharmacological inhibitors of ROCK inhibited both actin organization and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Activation of RhoA/B and ROCK was also implicated in membrane androgen receptor-dependent actin polymerization and apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Our findings suggest that Rho small GTPases are major membrane androgen receptor effectors controlling actin reorganization and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, GR-71110 Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Charalampopoulos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alevizopoulos
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravanis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stournaras
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000577:Amides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051345:Destrin / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D054461:Lim Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000577:Amides; C495824:DSTN protein, human; D051345:Destrin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C045037:testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate; C108830:Y 27632; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013739:Testosterone; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C102895:LIMK2 protein, human; D054461:Lim Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein