title: The effects of hip and ankle stretching on gait function of older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine effects of hip and ankle stretching on gait function of older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flexibility training was performed in participants' homes. Assessments were performed in a biomechanics laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy volunteers (mean age +/- SD, 72.1+/-4.7 y) randomized to 2 groups: intervention (n=20) and control (n=20).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intervention participants performed an 8-week stretching program, and control group participants maintained activity level for 8 weeks. One investigator made weekly visits to instruct and monitor participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measures were passive joint motion for hip extension and ankle dorsiflexion and freely chosen gait speed. Secondary outcome measures were gait parameters during freely chosen gait speed and set gait speed walking (stride length, joint displacement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, the intervention group had increased combined hip and knee motion (P=.023), ankle motion (P=.020), and freely chosen gait speed (P=.016). The intervention group showed statistically nonsignificant trends of increased stride length at freely chosen gait speed and set gait speed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest joint motion is a modifiable impairment that is effectively targeted with flexibility training for older people. Participants in the intervention group had improvements in joint motion as well as increased freely chosen gait speed. Mechanisms responsible for changes in freely chosen gait speed warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. cory.christiansen@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Cory L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006615:Hip / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values