title: Results of triple arthrodesis: effect of primary etiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe disability originating from feet generally requires surgery. In addition to a number of other techniques, triple arthrodesis is still used to treat deformity and instability unresponsive to conservative measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the triple arthrodesis operation in two groups of patients with different primary etiologies and to identify the possible factors affecting the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 4-year period, triple arthrodesis was performed on 25 feet in 20 patients (average age 24.9 years). These patients were divided into two groups according to the primary etiology of the disability: neurogenic and nonneurogenic. Patients were evaluated with pre-and postoperative clinical examinations, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hindfoot and Ankle Scale, radiography, pedobarography, and a general health questionnaire (Short Form 36, SF-36). The need for orthotics and the effect of previous treatments on the end results were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative average AOFAS score improved from 24 to 71 postoperatively. Preoperative AOFAS values of neurogenic cases were significantly lower than those of nonneurogenic cases. Postoperative AOFAS values were found to be lower in neurogenic cases (64.0 vs. 77.6). Marked improvement was observed for all angular measurements. No relation was found between the AOFAS, changes in angular measurements, and pre-and postoperative plantar pressure analysis results. SF-36 results improved postoperatively in both groups. Triple arthrodesis decreased the use of orthotics postoperatively in both groups. Previous treatments were not found to affect the end results in this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple arthrodesis operation is a surgical option with limited alternatives in patients with disabilities originating from feet. Both neurogenic and nonneurogenic patient groups improved significantly, and we were unable to show any significant differences in the results of these two groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daglar
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deveci
authors.forename: Onder M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Delialioglu
authors.forename: Ulunay
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kanatli
authors.forename: Bulent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tasbas
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bayrakci
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gunel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D001177:Arthropathy, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult