title: Recombinant activated factor VII as a general haemostatic agent: evidence-based efficacy and safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant activated factor VII (rfVIIa) is widely used as a prohemostatic agent for patients with congenital and acquired haemophilia. In the last few years it has been increasingly used 'off label' in medical and surgical patients to minimise or control severe or refractory bleeding, in particular when conventional therapy failed or was judged to be insufficient.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computer-assisted search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) electronic databases up to July 2006 to identify published randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of rfVIIa as prophylaxis and/or treatment of bleeding episodes in patients without inherited haemostatic diathesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen published double-blind RCTs met the inclusion criteria, in six main clinical settings: surgery in patients with normal preoperative haemostasis, acute intracerebral haemorrhage, liver disease, trauma, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Overall, RCTs showed limited efficacy of rfVIIa in several clinical settings but in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published data suggest that rfVIIa should not be routinely used as a general haemostatic agent. Until approval, if any, will be given, if ever, by regulatory agencies, the compassionate administration of rfVIIa as a general haemostatic agent should always be based on individual clinical conditions, patient risk/benefit profile and published literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. alexsquizzo@libero.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Squizzato
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ageno
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005167:Factor VII / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000188:drug therapy; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII