title: Evidence-based medicine and the management of menopause.
abstract: Although all clinicians should practice evidence-based medicine to assure the highest quality healthcare for our patients, there have been several misconceptions about what this really is, or what it should be. In some instances, the overreliance on a single randomized clinical trial (RCT), while ignoring a wealth of other literature resulted in erroneous conclusions. In many disease entities, results of RCTs and observational trials have rendered similar conclusions. Several weaknesses of RCTs and observational trials will be reviewed. In the area of menopausal medicine, a more in depth study of RCT data, including an appreciation of the type of population studied, the ages and risk factor status of the women participating, and the hormonal regimen tested, results in findings which are nearly identical to many observational trials. In the final analysis, no single study should be relied on solely to guide clinical practice. Understanding that there is a hierarchy of clinical data, the entire literature should be sought to provide the basis on which medicine is practiced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. RAL35@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lobo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors