Model-driven segmentation of articulating humans in Laplacian Eigenspace.
We propose a general approach using Laplacian Eigenmaps and a graphical model of the human body to segment 3D voxel data of humans into different articulated chains. In the bottom-up stage, the voxels are transformed into a high-dimensional (6D or less) Laplacian Eigenspace (LE) of the voxel neighborhood graph. We show that LE is effective at mapping voxels on long articulated chains to nodes on smooth 1D curves that can be easily discriminated, and prove these properties using representative graphs. We fit 1D splines to voxels belonging to different articulated chains such as the limbs, head and trunk, and we determine the boundary between splines by thresholding the spline fit error, which is high at junctions. A top-down probabilistic approach is then used to register the segmented chains, utilizing both their mutual connectivity and their individual properties such as length and thickness. Our approach enables us to deal with complex poses such as those where the limbs form loops. We use the segmentation results to automatically estimate the human body models. Although we use human subjects in our experiments, the method is fairly general and can be applied to voxel-based registration of any articulated object, which is composed of long chains. We present results on real and synthetic data that illustrate the usefulness of this approach.
Sundaresan
Aravind
A
Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. aravind@ai.sri.com
Chellappa
Rama
R
D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007596:Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000379:methods*