title: [Bacteremia in hematological malignant disorders].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteremia frequently complicates cytostatic treatment of hematological malignancies. Initial antibiotic treatment is chosen empirically before the results of cultures are available. Rational choices depend on updated knowledge of microbial resistance patterns. We have examined microorganisms in blood cultures over a 10-year period and compared them with the preceding 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed isolates from blood cultures in patients with a hematological malignant disorder treated in the Hematology Unit, St. Olavs Hospital during the years 1995 - 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 373 isolates and 322 episodes of bacteremia in 225 patients. Most patients had acute leukemia or myeloma, with neutropenia after cytostatic treatment. The dominating pathogens were Escherichia coli (20 %), coagulase-negative staphylococci (13 %) and alpha-haemolytic streptococci (10 %). Enterococcus infections seem to occur more frequently and were associated with a high mortality. Gram-negative organisms constituted 48 % and gram-positive organisms 48 % of the isolates. About 3 / 4 of the patients had infections with penicillin-resistant bacteria. There was a low prevalence of organisms resistant to aminoglycoside. Acute leukemia patients with bacteremia had a 30-days all-cause mortality of 10.3 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found small changes in the pattern of pathogens and antibiotic resistance over time. The rates of antibiotic resistance were favorable compared to other European countries. The mortality rate seems to be unchanged and acceptable. Penicillin G and aminoglycoside can still be considered as first-line treatment for suspected bacteremia in neutropenic patients in Norway.
authors.affiliation: Hematologisk avdeling St. Olavs Hospital 7006 Trondheim og Institutt for kreftforskning og molekylaer medisin Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet. jens.hammerstrom@ntnu.no
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hammerstrøm
authors.forename: Anja Løkken
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Røym
authors.forename: Frode Width
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Gran
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D010400:Penicillin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010400:Penicillin G