title: Interferon-beta responders and non-responders. A biological approach.
abstract: The therapeutic benefits of interferon-beta are limited, as some patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) do not respond to therapy. Based on their biological characteristics, non-responsive patients can be divided into three subgroups: genetic, pharmacological and pathogenetic non-responders. In order to tailor the best treatment in both newly diagnosed MS patients and those already receiving treatment, the neurologist must carefully consider the risk of treating non-responders.
authors.affiliation: Centro Riferimento Regionale Sclerosi Multipla & Neurobiologia Clinica, AOU S. Luigi Gonzaga, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043, Orbassano, TO, Italy. sclerosi.multipla@sanluigi.piemonte.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gilli
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013618:Tachyphylaxis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C507964:IFNAR1 protein, human; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053633:Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta; D016899:Interferon-beta