title: Apolipoprotein B and insulin resistance are good markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely known that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, recent studies reported that serum levels of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and Apo B to apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) ratio were better predictors of atherosclerotic vascular disease compared with LDL-C. In this study, we investigated that Apo B concentrations and insulin resistance (HOMA-R) can be good markers of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis and 66 age- and sex-matched patients without carotid atherosclerosis were compared. The usefulness in risk assessment of LDL-C, Apo B, and HOMA-R for carotid atherosclerosis were estimated by receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The percentage of carotid atherosclerosis in combination with two of these markers was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type 2 diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis had significantly higher body mass index, higher blood pressure, higher LDL-C, and Apo B, and higher HOMA-R. The ranking of the area under the ROC curve was Apo B, HOMA-R, and LDL-C (0.70, 0.69, and 0.66, respectively). The percentage of patients with carotid atherosclerosis and high LDL-C was 60.7%, high LDL-C+high HOMA-R was 77.4%, and high Apo B+high HOMA-R was 90.9%, respectively. The usefulness of these combinations was significantly better than that of LDL-C alone (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the combination of Apo B and HOMA-R is a superior marker of carotid atherosclerosis compared with LDL-C alone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Center, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, 15 Yamato-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki 857-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Naruhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takemasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senoo
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Yukitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL