title: Fluid management of patients undergoing intestinal and multivisceral transplantation.
abstract: Small bowel transplantation can be associated with large fluid shifts due to massive blood loss, dehydration, vascular clamping, long ischemia times, intraoperative visceral exposure, intestinal denervation, ischemic damage, and lymphatic interruption. Fluid management is the major intra- and postoperative problem after small bowel and multiple organ transplantation, because of the highly variable fluid and electrolyte needs of the transplant recipient. Third-space fluid requirements can be massive; inadequate replacement leads to end-organ dysfunction, particularly renal failure. Several liters of fluid may be required in the initial 24 to 48 hours postoperatively to simply maintain an adequate central pressure to provide a satisfactory urine output. During this time patients may develop extensive peripheral edema, which dissipates over the next few days as the fluids are mobilized and requirements stabilize. Based on our experience in 29 cases of intestinal transplantation and 4 cases of multivisceral transplantation, we have herein described the intraoperative fluid management and hemodynamic changes. Our study confirmed a large quantity of fluid administration during and after small bowel transplantation that required adequate volume monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. sinianest@libero.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siniscalchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spedicato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dante
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Riganello
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pierucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cimatti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Miklosova
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piraccini
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Mazzanti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spiritoso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravaioli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cucchetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faenza
mesh_terms: D004386:Duodenum / Q000637:transplantation; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000637:transplantation*; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D013270:Stomach / Q000637:transplantation; D014781:Viscera / Q000637:transplantation*