title: Contrasting alteration patterns of different cartilage plates in knee articular cartilage after spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  Experimental, controlled trial, animal study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess morphologic changes in different cartilage plates after spinal cord injury and identify the localization of these alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saitama, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 Wistar rats were used. Eight rats underwent a spinal cord injury and eight rats had no intervention as control. The cartilage alterations of the knee joint were evaluated with radiography and histomorphometric analysis. To quantify cartilage alterations, we selected the histologic characteristics: thickness of the articular cartilage, number of chondrocytes, matrix staining to toluidine blue as a reflection of proteoglycan content and surface irregularity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in knee joints were found between the groups by radiography. In the medial knee joint, cartilage thickness of spinal-cord-injured knees increased at the anterior femoral region and decreased at the tibial and posterior femoral regions; however, in the lateral knee, that of spinal cord injuries did not change compared with control knees. Spinal cord injuries decreased the number of chondrocytes, especially at the anterior femoral regions. Matrix staining increased partially at the tibial regions. Surface irregularity of spinal-cord-injured knees was comparable to that of control knees in all cartilage plates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings exhibit characteristics of the cartilage after spinal cord injury. These alterations were different in nature between the medial and lateral regions. Future studies should assess separately different cartilage plates, to overestimate these severities when the changes at the medial knee were examined and to underestimate when the changes at the lateral knee were examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan. moriyama-hideki@spu.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanemura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tobimatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods