title: Stimulation of ankle cartilage: other emerging technologies (cellular, electricomagnetic, etc.).
abstract: Advances in understanding age-related changes in articular cartilage, joint homeostasis, the natural healing process after cartilage injury, and improved standards for evaluation of a joint surface made the ultimate goal of cartilage repair a possibility. New strategies for enhancement of articular cartilages' limited healing potential and biologic regeneration include advances in tissue engineering and the use of electromagnetic fields. This article reviews developments in basic science and clinical research made with these emerging technologies concerning treatment of articular cartilage defects and treatment of osteoarthritis of the ankle.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Othopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Jersey Medical School-University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. bloomta@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.forename: Regis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Renard
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yalamanchili
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wapner
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Sheldon S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins