title: Ramified microglial cells promote astrogliogenesis and maintenance of neural stem cells through activation of Stat3 function.
abstract: The differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) are regulated by a combination of their intrinsic properties (e.g., transcription factors, epigenetic factors, and microRNA regulation) and cell-extrinsic properties from the microenvironment around NSC (e.g., cytokines, growth factors, and cell-cell contact). Recently, there has been a great interest in clarifying the mechanism of the influence of the microenvironment on NSCs, especially cell-cell contact between NSCs and other types of cells nearby. In this study, we investigated whether microglial (Mi) cells influence the fate of NSCs. Coculture study showed that ramified Mi cells promoted astrogliogenesis and maintenance of NSCs through their paracrine effects. This microglia-induced astrogliogenesis was inhibited by AG490 and by overexpression of the dominant-negative form of Stat3 and SOCS3. Promoter assay revealed transactivation of Stat3 function in NSCs by Mi cells. Gene expression study revealed that mRNA of Notch family members (notch1-3) and sox9 in NSCs was significantly upregulated by Mi cells, and this up-regulation was inhibited by AG490. These results demonstrated that ramified Mi cells promoted astrogliogenesis and maintenance of NSCs by activating Stat3 function and via notch and sox9 signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Histology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Pengxiang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanakawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000378:metabolism; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C491410:Socs3 protein, rat; C494088:Stat3 protein, rat; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020032:Tyrphostins; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide