title: Composition of diesel particles influences acute pulmonary toxicity: an experimental study in mice.
abstract: Ambient particles have been consistently associated with adverse health effects, yielding mainly high cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. Diesel engines represent a major source of particles in the urban scenario. We aimed to modify the composition of diesel particles, by means of different extraction procedures, to relate changes in chemical profile to corresponding indicators of respiratory toxicity. Male BALB/c mice were nasally instilled with saline, or with diesel particles, treated or not, and assigned to five groups: saline (SHAM), intact diesel particles (DEP), and diesel particles previously treated with methanol (METH), hexane (HEX), or nitric acid (NA). Elemental composition and organic compounds were analyzed. Twenty-four hours after nasal instillation, respiratory parameters were measured and lung tissue was collected for histological analysis. Static elastance was significantly increased in groups DEP and MET in relation to the other groups. HEX and NA were different from DEP but not significantly different from SHAM and METH groups. The difference between dynamic and static elastance was increased in DEP, METH, and NA treatments; HEX was not statistically different from SHAM. DEP and METH groups presented significantly increased upper airways resistance, while DEP, METH, and NA showed higher peripheral airways resistance values. All groups had a higher total resistance than SHAM. DEP, METH, and NA showed significant increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. In conclusion, diesel particles treated with hexane (HEX) resulted in a respiratory-system profile very similar to that in SHAM group, indicating that hexane treatment attenuates pulmonary inflammation elicited by diesel particles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.forename: Regiani Carvalho
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Paulo Afonso
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: de André
authors.forename: Mariângela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macchione
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faffe
authors.forename: Paulo H N
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Saldiva
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Zin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004548:Elasticity; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions