title: [Orthopaedic treatment of extraarticular condylar fractures of the mandible: retrospective study of 39 unilateral cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although for an increasing number of authors open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is becoming the standard of care for mandibular subcondylar fractures, functional treatment is still performed worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of functional treatment in isolated mandibular subcondylar fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting with an isolated low subcondylar fracture between 1998 and 2004 were enrolled in a retrospective study. We focused on the epidemiology, type of fracture, degree of displacement, treatment protocol and short-term outcome. Patients were interviewed to evaluate long-term results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The mean displacement was 15 degrees of medial angulation and a shortening of the ramus ranging around 5mm. Thirty-one patients recovered normal mandibular function (mouth opening more than 45 mm, with no or minimal deviation). Sixteen presented with TMJ disorders, deemed minor by the patients themselves. None of them required any specific treatment. Eighteen had posttraumatic occlusal discomfort corrected by dentistry or prosthetic adaptation. Long-term follow-up X-rays showed minor residual condylar displacement. In all cases, patients estimated their treatment acceptable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The orthopedic treatment of low subcondylar fractures provides acceptable functional results. This technique is simple, safe and remains a valuable therapeutic option. In the future, experience with surgical management will probably lead to specific indications of both closed and open methods.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et stomatologie, hôpital Général, CHU de Dijon, 3, rue Faubourg-Raines, 21033 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kadlub
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Trost
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duvernay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parmentier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult