title: Determinants of the optic cup to disc ratio in an Asian population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the distribution and determinants of the optic cup to disc ratio (CDR) in Malay adults in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  This population-based, age-stratified study examined 3280 Malay people aged 40 to 80 years in Singapore. Participants underwent a standardized interview and an ocular examination. A slitlamp examination measured the vertical dimensions of the disc and cup, excluding areas of peripapillary atrophy and the Elschnig scleral ring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vertical CDR was recorded for 3228 right eyes and 3237 left eyes. The mean (SD) CDR was 0.40 (0.15) in both eyes. The CDR in the right eye increased with age (P < .001) and was greater in men vs women (age-adjusted CDR, 0.42 vs 0.39; P < .001). In multiple linear regression, significant determinants of greater CDR were increasing age, male sex, higher intraocular pressure (IOP), lower diastolic blood pressure, lower body mass index, and previous cataract surgery. Of these, higher IOP was the most important determinant of the CDR. After excluding 149 persons with glaucoma, male sex, higher IOP, lower diastolic blood pressure, lower body mass index, and diabetes mellitus were significant predictors of greater CDR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater vertical CDR was related to male sex, higher IOP, lower diastolic blood pressure, and lower body mass index.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore 168751.
authors.forename: Nishani
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amerasinghe
authors.forename: Tien Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Wan-Ling
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Sunny Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Seng-Chee
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Loon
authors.forename: Seang-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Tin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008296:Malaysia / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology