title: Transcriptional interference antagonizes proviral gene expression to promote HIV latency.
abstract: Eradication of the latent HIV reservoir remains a major barrier to curing AIDS. However, the mechanisms that direct viral persistence in the host are not well understood. Studying a model system of postintegration latency, we found that viral integration into the actively transcribed host genes led to transcriptional interference (TI) caused by the elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribing through the viral promoter. The resulting physical exclusion of preinitiation complex formation on the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) promoted the silencing of HIV transcription. This block could be counteracted by inhibiting the upstream transcription or cooperatively activating viral transcription initiation and elongation. Importantly, PCR-based analysis, which detects host transcription through the 5'LTR independently of the viral integration site, revealed substantial levels of this transcription in HIV-infected primary CD4(+) T cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that TI contributes significantly to HIV latency and should be considered when attempting to purge the latent reservoir.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. tlenasi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenasi
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: B Matija
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peterlin
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; C021240:tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor 2; D012319:RNA Polymerase II