title: Physical fitness and body composition after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine change in physical fitness and body composition after a military deployment to Afghanistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ten infantry soldiers were measured before and after a 9-month deployment to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. Measurements included treadmill peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), lifting strength, medicine ball put, vertical jump, and body composition estimated via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (percent body fat, absolute body fat, fat-free mass, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant decreases (P < 0.01) in peak VO2 (-4.5%), medicine ball put (-4.9%), body mass (-1.9%), and fat-free mass (-3.5%), whereas percent body fat increased from 17.7% to 19.6%. Lifting strength and vertical jump performance did not change predeployment to postdeployment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nine months deployment to Afghanistan negatively affected aerobic capacity, upper body power, and body composition. The predeployment to postdeployment changes were not large and unlikely to present a major health or fitness concern. If deployments continue to be extended and time between deployments decreased, the effects may be magnified and further study warranted.
authors.affiliation: US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA. marilyn.sharp@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Knapik
authors.forename: Leila A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Lolita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Frykman
authors.forename: Salima S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Darakjy
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Roberto E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Marin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000346:Afghanistan; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult