title: Racial/ethnic and educational-level differences in diabetes care experiences in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess potential racial/ethnic and educational-level differences in the degree to which patients with diabetes who receive primary care from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center report that experiences with the diabetes care system are consistent with the Chronic Care Model (CCM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional mailed survey of 296 patients included the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC), which measures components of the care system suggested by the CCM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 189 patients with complete information, non-white veterans had more than twice the odds of indicating that their diabetes care experience is in line with the CCM [measured by overall PACIC score > or =3.5] (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.1). Non-white veterans were more likely to report high levels of assistance with problem solving and follow-up. Patients not completing high school had three times the odds of reporting care in line with the CCM (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.2-7.6). Associations were also seen with implementation of the CCM in the areas of patient activation, perceived care teams, collaborative goal setting, and collaborative problem solving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-white patients and those with less than a high school education had more than twice the odds of reporting that the diabetes care system is in line with the CCM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. george.l.jackson@duke.edu
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.forename: Natia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edelman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology*; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care