title: Uncontrolled occupational exposure to 1,1-dichloro-1-Fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) is associated with acute pulmonary toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The toxicity of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), is low according to animal studies. However, pulmonary manifestations associated with acute HCFC exposure by inhalation have not been reported as yet in man. We evaluated the pulmonary effects of HCFC-141b inhalation, caused by an accident, in previously healthy individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects in this study were 15 workers in whom unpleasant symptoms developed after inhaling HCFC-141b at work. Clinical manifestations, radiologic findings, and changes in pulmonary function and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) over time were assessed, and BAL fluid analyses findings for four subjects were compared with those of four healthy volunteers (control subjects).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Cough, shortness of breath, and malaise developed in most patients, but only two patients complained of a sore throat. (2) A high-resolution CT scan of the chest revealed bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacities that were predominant in upper lung zones. (3) The mean (+/- SD) FVC was 71.4 +/- 18.86% predicted, and the mean FEV(1)/FVC ratio was 92.9 +/- 4.25%. Eleven patients (73%) showed restrictive ventilatory impairments during the initial tests. FVC gradually improved, and the FEV(1)/FVC ratio gradually decreased with time. (4) AHR was observed in four subjects during the initial tests. (5) BAL fluid samples revealed significantly higher neutrophil counts than those in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexposure to HCFC-141b was associated with parenchymal lung injury that was characterized by ground-glass opacities, elevated BAL neutrophil counts, and restrictive ventilatory impairment. Restrictive impairments improved with time after exposure.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine, Pochon CHA University Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaehee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pochon CHA University Hospital, Gumi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chaeyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimch@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chang Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064227:Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014797:Vital Capacity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017402:Chlorofluorocarbons; D064227:Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane; C068320:1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane