title: Thrombus in the left atrial appendage in stroke patients: detection with cardiac CT angiography--a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic performance of 64-section cardiac computed tomographic (CT) angiography for detection of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombi in stroke patients by using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the institutional review board. Records were reviewed from 101 consecutive patients who had experienced a recent stroke (onset within the previous 1 month) from a suspected cardioembolic source and who had undergone both 64-section cardiac CT angiography and TEE within 1 week. The numbers of thrombi in the LAA detected with cardiac CT angiography and with TEE were recorded, and the agreement between thrombus detection with CT and with TEE was assessed by using kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight thrombi in the LAA were detected with TEE, and 12 were detected with cardiac CT angiography. With TEE used as the reference standard, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 64-section cardiac CT angiography for detecting thrombi were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]): 63%, 100%), 95% (95% CI: 90%, 99%), and 96% (95% CI: 92%, 100%), respectively. The concordance between LAA thrombus detection with 64-section cardiac CT angiography and with TEE was high: 89 patients with no thrombus at CT or TEE; eight patients with thrombus at both CT and TEE; and four patients with thrombus at CT but not at TEE (overall kappa = 0.779 [95% CI: 0.571, 0.987]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sixty-four-section cardiac CT angiography is a noninvasive and sensitive modality for detecting thrombi in the LAA of stroke patients. Although TEE is currently considered the reference standard modality for detecting LAA thrombi, 64-section cardiac CT angiography has the potential to become a useful modality for detection of intracardiac thrombus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno (134 Sinchon-dong), Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Kyu Ok
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Eui-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Chi-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Byoung Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020517:Atrial Appendage; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed