title: Outcomes of peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin hepatitis C therapy in Aboriginal Canadians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little published information on baseline characteristics and therapeutic outcomes in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Aboriginal Canadians. It is unclear what proportion of HCV-infected Aboriginal people receive therapy relative to other populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with chronic HCV infection, quantifiable serum HCV-RNA levels and compensated liver disease were assigned, at the physician's discretion, to either 24 or 48 weeks of treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a 180 mug/week plus ribavirin at a dose of 800 mg/day, or 1000 mg/day or 1200 mg/day in an open-label, expanded access program. The primary outcome was sustained virological response, defined as undetectable HCV-RNA by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (less than 50 IU/mL) at the end of 24 weeks of untreated follow-up. Baseline characteristics and outcomes in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2614 patients were eligible for the analysis; 44 individuals (1.7%) self-identified as being of Aboriginal heritage. The baseline characteristics of these two groups were similar. An overall sustained virological response was achieved in 47.7% and 46.5% of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients, respectively. The overall frequencies of adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were similar between the two groups, although cytopenias occurred less frequently in Aboriginal patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aboriginal patients were greatly under-represented in the present 'community'-based treatment program, yet viral responses were similar to those of a non-Aboriginal cohort. To increase the uptake of HCV therapy in the Aboriginal population, clarification of the obstacles to treatment is warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Ottawa, Ottawa Health Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario. ccooper@ottawahospital.on.ca
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Vince G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajden
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marotta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004930:Inuit; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a