title: A novel endovascular device for emboli rerouting: part I: evaluation in a Swine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The feasibility and safety of a novel endovascularly delivered tubular mesh designed to reroute emboli away from a critical artery as a means of ischemic stroke prevention was tested in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emboli rerouting efficacy was assessed in vitro. Perfusion through the external femoral artery that was jailed by the device, cellular proliferation rate over the jailing mesh, and the resulting tissue coverage of the orifice were assessed in the swine iliofemoral bifurcation. Device-induced embolization was assessed in a swine kidney model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro experiments demonstrated that particles as small as 60% of the pore dimension can be rerouted by the device, although at low efficacy, and rerouting efficacy approached 100% as the particle size approached the pore dimension. Repeat assessment of flow preimplantation and at various follow-up times by Doppler ultrasound showed no significant changes in the perfusion ratio of the jailed branch to the parent artery or the jailed branch to the naive contralateral artery either as a result of device implantation or at the follow-up times. Tissue coverage over the jailed ostium was limited to approximately 12% after stabilization. Cellular proliferation rate gradually decreased to diminishing level approximately 22 weeks postimplantation. The devices implanted across the renal arteries did not demonstrate any device-induced embolization after 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is proposed that this device could be used to reroute emboli away from important intracranial vessels as a means of stroke prevention.
authors.affiliation: CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Sankt Katharinen, Frankfurt, Germany. ygael@eng.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Ygael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Grad
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nishri
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Barry T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Katzen
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yodfat
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: Dagan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wakhloo
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norbash
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bushi
authors.forename: Baruch B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lieber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D004617:Embolism / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*