title: The identification of an osteoclastogenesis inhibitor through the inhibition of glyoxalase I.
abstract: Osteoclasts, bone-resorptive multinucleated cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells, are associated with many bone-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Osteoclast-targeting small-molecule inhibitors are valuable tools for studying osteoclast biology and for developing antiresorptive agents. Here, we have discovered that methyl-gerfelin (M-GFN), the methyl ester of the natural product gerfelin, suppresses osteoclastogenesis. By using M-GFN-immobilized beads, glyoxalase I (GLO1) was identified as an M-GFN-binding protein. GLO1 knockdown and treatment with an established GLO1 inhibitor in osteoclast progenitor cells interfered with osteoclast generation, suggesting that GLO1 activity is required for osteoclastogenesis. In cells, GLO1 plays a critical role in the detoxification of 2-oxoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal. M-GFN inhibited the enzymatic activity of GLO1 in vitro and in situ. Furthermore, the cocrystal structure of the GLO1/M-GFN complex revealed the binding mode of M-GFN at the active site of GLO1. These results suggest that M-GFN targets GLO1, resulting in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Antibiotics Laboratory, Chemical Biology Department, and Biomolecular Characterization Team, Advanced Technology Support Division, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawatani
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanoh
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muroi
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dohmae
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Yushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Futamura
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: C477902:4-carboxy-5,5'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethyl-diphenylether; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004987:Ethers; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C493348:gluconolactone oxidase; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase