title: Glyceryl trinitrate vs. control, and continuing vs. stopping temporarily prior antihypertensive therapy, in acute stroke: rationale and design of the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke (ENOS) trial (ISRCTN99414122).
abstract: High blood pressure (BP) is common in acute stroke and is independently associated with a poor outcome. Many patients with acute stroke are taking antihypertensive medications. To test the safety and efficacy of 7 days of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 5 mg/day) vs. no GTN in patients with acute stroke; patients taking antihypertensive therapy immediately before their stroke are also randomised to continue vs. stop this temporarily. ENOS is a prospective international multicentre single-blind randomised-controlled trial in 5000 patients with acute (<48 h of onset) ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke. The primary outcome is combined death and dependency (modified Rankin scale >2) at 90 days measured by blinded central telephone follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: BP over the 7 days of treatment; death, impairment (Scandinavian stroke scale), recurrence, and neuroimaging at 7 days; discharge disposition, disability (Barthel index), cognition (mini-mental status examination) and quality of life (EuroQoL). The sample size will allow an absolute difference in death/dependency of 5% to be detected with 90% power at 5% significance for GTN versus no GTN. Randomisation and data collection are performed over a secure Internet site with real-time data validation. Neuroimaging and serious adverse events are adjudicated blinded to treatment.
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012107:Research Design; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin