title: [Impact of hyaluronidase on anesthetic distribution in retrobulbar region following sub-Tenon anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sub-Tenon's block is nowadays commonly used in ophthalmic surgery because of its safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the anaesthetic solution with different amounts of hyaluronidase in the retrobulbar space, following an injection into the Sub-Tenon's space.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study, 40 pig cadaver heads were used (80 eyeballs). The material was divided into four groups (of 20 eyeballs each). Each group was administered 4.5 ml of a mixture of 2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 0.5 ml of Indian ink, with different amounts of hyaluronidase--15 IU/ml, 75 IU/ml, 150 IU/ml, except the control one. Samples of retrobulbar tissue were analysed using the standard histopathological procedure. After that, they were also analysed using the Adobe Photoshop program (Windows, USA). The retrobulbar space was divided into eight zones by four perpendicular lines, which crossed in the centre of the optic nerve. The presence of ink in fat and muscle tissues and in the sheath of the optic nerve was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of the local anaesthetic solution was significantly higher in inferonasal and superonasal quadrants of the fat and muscle tissues (p < 0.01). The distribution in optic nerve sheath is similar in each quadrant. Distribution of local anesthetic in each zone of the muscle tissue (I-VIII) was strongly influenced by the amount of hyaluronidase added. In the fat tissue, the distribution of local anesthetic under the influence of hyaluronidase was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the areas which were distant from the place of injection (I-IV). The distribution in the optic nerve sheath is significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the group with 150 IU/ml of hyaluronidase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following a sub-Tenon block local anaesthetic was present in the retrobulbar space in a high percentage of the cases. The presence of local anaesthetic solution in retrobulbar space depends on the amount of hyaluronidase previously added to the local anaesthetic.
authors.affiliation: Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za anesteziologiju i intenzivnu terapiju, Beograd, Srbija.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Surbatović
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendrisić
authors.forename: Miodrag
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jevtić
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Filipović
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Slavković
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D009915:Orbit / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D002045:Bupivacaine