title: Snus use and other correlates of smoking cessation in the Swedish Twin Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated 12 variables and their interactions as correlates of smoking cessation among regular smokers in the population-based Swedish Twin Registry (STR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed information on tobacco use and personal characteristics were available from 14 715 male and female twins aged 42-64 years who participated in a screening of the population-based STR and reported being regular smokers in their lifetime. A two-stage analytic design was used to examine correlates of smoking cessation. The sample was split at random and significant main effects and interactions identified in the testing set were examined in the validation set. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describe the association between correlates and smoking cessation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve main effects were significantly associated with smoking cessation in the testing set; eight were confirmed in the validation set. Of the nine interactions identified in the testing set, none remained significant when evaluated in the validation set after Bonferroni correction. HRs were highest for Swedish oral smokeless tobacco (snus) use (HR 2.70, 95% CI 2.30-3.20), >11 years of education (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.43-1.73) and being married or cohabitating (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.39-1.63). Although not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, snus use also appeared important in the context of interactions, where lower nicotine dependence score, higher socio-economic status (SES) and greater body size were associated with smoking cessation only among participants who never used snus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snus use was the strongest independent correlate of smoking cessation. Further studies should investigate the mechanism of this association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA. helena_furberg@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bulik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless