No effect of metformin on the innate airway hyperresponsiveness and increased responses to ozone observed in obese mice.
We have previously reported that obese db/db mice exhibit innate airway hyperresponsiveness. These mice also have enhanced inflammatory responses to ozone, a common air pollutant that exacerbates asthma. Since db/db mice are diabetic as well as obese, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether metformin, an antihyperglycemic agent, alters the pulmonary phenotype of db/db mice. Lean wild-type (C57BL/6J) and obese db/db mice were treated by gavage with water or metformin (300 microg/g) once a day for 2 wk. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, in mice of both genotypes, we either measured airway responsiveness to methacholine by forced oscillation, or we exposed the mice to ozone (2 parts per million for 3 h) and examined the ensuing inflammatory response. Compared with water, treatment with metformin caused a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose in obese mice. Airway responsiveness was increased in db/db versus wild-type mice, but metformin did not affect responsiveness in either group. Four hours after exposure to ozone, there was a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and chemokines in mice of both genotypes, but the magnitude of these changes was greater in db/db than wild-type mice. Metformin did not affect ozone-induced inflammation in mice of either genotype. The results indicate that hyperglycemia is unlikely to account for the pulmonary phenotype of obese mice.
Shore
Stephanie A
SA
Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA. sshore@hsph.harvard.edu
Williams
Erin S
ES
Zhu
Ming
M
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010126:Ozone; D010641:Phenotype; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics
D001786:Blood Glucose; D016085:Bronchoconstrictor Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010126:Ozone; D008687:Metformin