title: A comparison of open versus closed techniques using the Harmonic Scalpel in outpatient hemorrhoid surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical excision using the Harmonic Scalpel is a modern technique for symptomatic third- and fourth-degree hemorrhoids. The resulting mucosal defect is then left open or sutured closed depending on surgeon preference.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the open vs. closed techniques of hemorrhoid excision using the Harmonic Scalpel in an outpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2000 through October 2001, 42 patients underwent surgical excision of complex grade III or grade IV hemorrhoids via the Harmonic Scalpel with closure of the overlying mucosa (closed), and without closure of the overlying mucosa (open). Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form-36 survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were comparable in terms of patient demographics and type of anesthesia. There were no late complications. Mean follow-up was 16.9 (range, 12-27) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leaving the mucosal defect open following Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy significantly reduces operative time, and thus operative costs, without diminishing quality of life. Although morbidity was equivalent, this requires further evaluation with a prospective study to ensure patient safety.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Building 9040 A, Fitzsimmons Drive, Tacoma, WA 98437, USA.
authors.forename: Vance Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mullenix
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cuadrado
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Place
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D011788:Quality of Life; D013525:Surgical Instruments