title: Water-dispersed single-wall carbon nanohorns as drug carriers for local cancer chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional analyses of water-dispersed carbon nanohorns with antitumor activity were performed to explore their potential as a drug carrier for local cancer chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Water-dispersed carbon nanohorns were prepared through adsorption of polyethylene glycol-doxorubicin conjugate (PEG-DXR) onto oxidized single-wall carbon nanohorns (oxSWNHs). PEG-DXR-bound oxSWNHs were administered intratumorally to human nonsmall cell lung cancer-cell NCI-H460-bearing mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When injected intratumorally, PEG-DXR-bound oxSWNHs caused significant retardation of tumor growth associated with prolonged DXR retention in the tumor. In accordance with this DXR retention, a large number of oxSWNH agglomerates was found in the periphery of the tumor. Histological analyses showed migration of oxSWNHs to the axillary lymph node, which is a major site of breast cancer metastasis near the tumor, possibly by means of interstitial lymphatic-fluid transport.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that water-dispersed oxSWNHs may thus be useful as a drug carrier for local chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Goshu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yudasaka
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014867:Water; D004317:Doxorubicin