title: Human immunodeficiency virus and liver transplantation: our point of view.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been able to improve the immune system function and survival of HIV patients with a consequent increase in the number of HIV patients affected by end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Between June 2003 and October 2006, 10 HIV-positive patients underwent liver transplantations in our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated with HAART before transplantation; treatment was interrupted on transplantation day and was restarted once the patients' conditions stabilized. Five patients were hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, 3 were hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive, and 2 were HBV-HCV coinfected. HIV viral load before transplantation was <50 copies/mL in all cases. CD4+ cell count before transplantation ranged between 144 and 530 c/microL. Immunosuppression was based on Cyclosporine (CyA) and steroid weaning for 8 patients, and on Tacrolimus and steroid weaning for 2 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients were cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive pp65 antigenemia posttransplantation, and 1 patient was EBV-positive; 2 patients had a coinfection with HHV6. Four patients suffered from a cholestatic HCV recurrent hepatitis treated with antiviral therapy (peginterferon and Ribavirin). Three patients died after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome of liver transplantation in HIV patients was influenced by infections (HCV, CMV, and EBV) and Kaposi's Sarcoma. HCV recurrence was more aggressive, showing a faster progression in this patient population. Drug interaction between HAART and immunosuppressants occurs; longer follow-up and better experience may improve the management of these drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Liver and Multivisceral Transplant Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. f.diben@virgilio.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Sandro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Ruvo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montalti
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ballarin
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: De Blasiis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smerieri
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Iemmolo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guaraldi
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gerunda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi; D014019:Tissue Donors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins