title: Clinical outcomes after subpectoral biceps tenodesis with an interference screw.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subpectoral biceps tenodesis with an interference screw has been shown to be an effective procedure from both an anatomic and biomechanical perspective. There have been no clinical outcome data on this procedure to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Subpectoral biceps tenodesis is an effective procedure in eliminating biceps tendinosis symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent subpectoral biceps tenodesis with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were evaluated using a battery of clinical outcome measures, biceps apex difference, and pain scores. A diagnosis of biceps tendinosis was made using a specific diagnostic protocol coupled with observation of biceps tendon fraying and increased erythema on dry arthroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between November 2002 and August 2005, 50 patients underwent subpectoral biceps tenodesis. Complete follow-up examinations were performed in 41 of 50 (82%). There were 16 women and 25 men (mean age, 50 years). Follow-up averaged 29 months (range, 12-49 months). The mean scores were 86, Rowe; 81, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES); 9, Simple Shoulder Test (SST); 87, Constant Murley; and 84, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). There was 1 failure as demonstrated by pull-out of the tendon from the bone tunnel resulting in a "Popeye" deformity on physical examination. The mean value for biceps apex distance was 0.15 cm, with 35 of 41 patients demonstrating no difference on physical examination. Twenty-three of 41 patients had complete preoperative and postoperative examinations. All clinical outcome measures demonstrated a statistically significant improvement at follow-up when compared with the preoperative scores. Thirty-one patients had identified lesions of the rotator cuff at time of arthroscopy. The mean ASES score in patients without rotator cuff lesion (89.2 +/- 10.3) was significantly greater than the mean ASES for those with rotator cuff lesion (78.0 +/- 21.0) (P = .0324). The mean SST score in patients without rotator cuff lesion (10.6 +/- 1.5) was significantly greater than the mean ASES score for those with rotator cuff lesion (8.8 +/- 2.7) (P = .0132).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subpectoral biceps tenodesis with an interference screw is a viable treatment option for patients with symptomatic biceps tendinosis. Anterior shoulder pain and biceps symptoms were resolved with this technique. Patients with coexistent rotator cuff lesion had less favorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06034-4037, USA. admazzocca@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Augustus D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mazzocca
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cote
authors.forename: Cristina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arciero
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Arciero
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000601:surgery*; D053656:Tenodesis / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome