title: Biological markers and DNA flow cytometric analysis in radically resected patients with non-small cell lung cancer. A study of the Perugia Multidisciplinary Team for Thoracic Tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between a panel of biological markers (p53, Bcl-2, HER-2, Ki67, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction) and clinical-pathological parameters and its impact on outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor tissue specimens obtained after surgical resection were collected from consecutive patients with NSCLC. We used an immunocytochemical technique for p53, Bcl-2, HER-2 and Ki67 analysis in fine-needle aspirates obtained from surgical samples that were also evaluated by flow cytometric DNA analysis using a FACScan flow cytometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From April 2000 to December 2005, 136 patients with radically resected NSCLC were recruited. Median age was 66 years (range, 31-84 years), male/female ratio 117/19, ECOG performance status 0/1 127/4, stage I/II/III 76/25/35, squamous/adenocarcinoma/large-cell/mixed histology 62/49/17/8, smokers yes/no 121/11. Positivity of p53, Bcl-2, HER-2 and Ki67 was detected in 51.4%, 27.9%, 25.0% and 55.8% of the samples, respectively; 82.9% of the cases revealed aneuploid DNA histograms and 56.7% presented an S-phase fraction of more than 12%. Statistically significant associations between high Ki67 and poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.016) and a smoking history (P = 0.053); p53 positivity and high Ki67 (P = 0.002); HER-2 positivity and adenocarcinoma subtype (P = 0.015) and presence of lymph node involvement (P = 0.006); and Bcl-2 positivity and squamous cell carcinoma subtype (P = 0.058) were observed. At univariate analysis, high Ki67 proved to be the only marker associated with disease-free survival (P = 0.047). After adjusting for stage, none of the examined immunocytochemical markers emerged as an independent factor for disease-free and overall survival; only pathological stage was identified as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.0001) and overall survival (P = 0.0001). In the group of 76 patients classified as TNM stage I, high Ki67 was the only marker associated with recurrence of disease (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support a relevant prognostic role of immunocytochemical markers in NSCLC, even if the Ki67 index might have particular relevance to identify patients with more aggressive tumors who are at high risk for disease relapse.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Perugia, Italy. oncolab@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vienna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ludovini
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pistola
authors.forename: Vanesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gregorc
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Floriani
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rulli
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daddi
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darwish
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stocchi
authors.forename: Francesca Romana
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Tofanetti
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellezza
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sidoni
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tognellini
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crinò
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonato
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007558:Italy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011003:Ploidies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human