title: Consequences of random and systematic reconstruction uncertainties in 3D image based brachytherapy in cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of random and systematic applicator reconstruction uncertainties on DVH parameters in brachytherapy for cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dose plans were analysed for 20 cervical cancer patients with MRI based brachytherapy. Uncertainty of applicator reconstruction was modelled by translating and rotating the applicator. Changes in DVH parameters per mm of applicator displacement were evaluated for GTV, CTV, bladder, rectum, and sigmoid. These data were used to derive patient population based estimates of delivered dose relative to expected dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deviations of DVH parameters depend on direction of reconstruction uncertainty. The most sensitive organs are rectum and bladder where mean DVH parameter shifts are 5-6% per mm applicator displacement in ant-post direction. For other directions and other DVH parameters, mean shifts are below 4% per mm. By avoiding systematic reconstruction errors, uncertainties on DVH parameters can be kept below 10% in 90% of a patient population. Systematic errors of a few millimetres can lead to significant deviations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive quality control of afterloader, applicators and imaging procedures should be applied to prevent systematic errors in applicator reconstruction. Random errors should be minimised by using small slice thickness. With careful reconstruction procedures, reliable DVH parameters for target and OAR's can be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanderup
authors.forename: Taran Paulsen
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Hellebust
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granfeldt
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pötter
authors.forename: Jacob Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lindegaard
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirisits
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*