title: Toxic effects of DDT and methyl mercury on the hepatocytes from Hoplias malabaricus.
abstract: Here, we examined the impact of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and monomethyl mercury (MeHg) on the redox milieu and survival of hepatocytes from Hoplias malabaricus (traíra). After isolation and attachment of cells, we established one control and four treatments: DDT (50nM of DDT), MeHg I (0.25microM of MeHg), MeHg II (2.5microM of MeHg) and DDT * MeHg I (combination of 50nM of DDT and 0.25microM of MeHg). After four days the exposed hepatocytes presented significantly increased damage in lipids (all treatments), proteins (DDT * MeHg I and MeHg II) and reduced cell viability (all treatments). Also the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were affected. The current data showed that despite of some protective responses, the increased disturbs on membrane lipids and proteins, increased hydrogen peroxide levels, and decreased glutathione concentration and cell viability strongly indicate oxidative stress as the reason of hepatotoxicity due to DDT and MeHg exposure. In addition, DDT and MeHg together had greater effect than alone when G6PDH and glutathione-S-transferase activities and lipids damage were considered. These findings are indicative of hepatotoxicity occurring at realistic concentrations of DDT and MeHg found in Amazonian fish tissues.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ffilipakneto@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filipak Neto
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zanata
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Silva de Assis
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: M A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Randi
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oliveira Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005399:Fishes; D005978:Glutathione / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D045483:Rivers; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D003634:DDT; D005978:Glutathione