title: Human myeloblastic leukemia cells (HL-60) express a membrane receptor for estrogen that signals and modulates retinoic acid-induced cell differentiation.
abstract: Estrogen receptors are historically perceived as nuclear ligand activated transcription factors. An estrogen receptor has now been found localized to the plasma membrane of human myeloblastic leukemia cells (HL-60). Its expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, progressively increasing as cells mature from G(1) to S to G(2)/M. To ascertain that the receptor functioned, the effect of ligands, including a non-internalizable estradiol-BSA conjugate and tamoxifen, an antagonist of nuclear estrogen receptor function, were tested. The ligands caused activation of the ERK MAPK pathway. They also modulated the effect of retinoic acid, an inducer of MAPK dependent terminal differentiation along the myeloid lineage in these cells. In particular the ligands inhibited retinoic acid-induced inducible oxidative metabolism, a functional marker of terminal myeloid cell differentiation. To a lesser degree they also diminished retinoic acid-induced earlier markers of cell differentiation, namely CD38 and CD11b. However, they did not regulate retinoic acid-induced G(0) cell cycle arrest. There is thus a membrane localized estrogen receptor in HL-60 myeloblastic leukemia cells that can cause ERK activation and modulates the response of these cells to retinoic acid, indicating crosstalk between the membrane estrogen and retinoic acid evoked pathways relevant to propulsion of cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: M Ariel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kauss
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reiterer
authors.forename: Rodica P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bunaciu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; C509295:ITGAM protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; D014212:Tretinoin; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1