title: Bromodeoxyuridine inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and has been shown to increase the susceptibility of incorporating cells to ionizing radiation. However, in the absence of secondary stressors, BrdU is thought to substitute relatively benignly for thymidine and is commonly used to "birth-date" proliferative cells. We report a novel antiproliferative effect of BrdU on cancer cells, which is independent of its role in radiosensitization. A single, brief in vitro exposure to BrdU induces a profound and sustained reduction in the proliferation rate of all cancer cells examined. Cells do not die but variably up-regulate some senescence-associated proteins as they accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Bromodeoxyuridine also impairs the proliferative capacity of primary tumor-initiating human glioma cells and may therefore represent a means of targeting cancer stem cells. Finally, conservative in vivo BrdU regimens--in the absence of any other treatment--significantly suppress the progression of gliomas in the highly aggressive, syngeneic RG2 model. These results suggest that BrdU may have an important role as an adjunctive therapeutic for a wide variety of cancers based on new insights into its effect as a negative regulator of cell cycle progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Levkoff
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Heather H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caldeira
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Meryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakiroglu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Laywell
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018450:Disease Progression; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D009705:Nucleosides; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine