title: Influence of halogen irradiance on short- and long-term wear resistance of resin-based composite materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Oregon Health Science University (OHSU) four-chamber oral wear simulator was used to examine the impact of halogen irradiance on the short- and long-term wear behavior of four-methacrylate resin-based composites (RBCs). The hypothesis proposed was that exacerbated wear would occur following the long-term wear of RBCs irradiated under non-optimized irradiance conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disc-shaped specimens (12.0+/-0.1mm diameter and 2.0+/-0.1mm height) of each RBC were prepared at irradiances of 650+/-14, 530+/-8, 420+/-14, 350+/-8, 270+/-8, 230+/-14, 190+/-8, and 150+/-8 mW/cm(2), respectively. Short-term three-body wear simulation was carried out for 50,000 cycles and long-term was performed up to 500,000 cycles. The wear facets were analyzed using a non-contact optical profilometer. One-, two-, and three-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were made at P=0.05, guided as necessary by Tukeys correction in multiple partial analyses of the mean total volumetric wear and mean maximum wear depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the short-term wear resistance, the two-way ANOVA identified no significant difference in the mean total volumetric wear (P=0.188) although the mean total wear depth was identified to be significant (P=0.024). The long-term wear resistance for the mean total volumetric wear identified significant differences for each RBC at varying irradiances with the number of cycles but not for the mean maximum wear depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased number of ploughing actions of the antagonist on the RBC (long-term) results in increased friction which would be expected to play a major role in the wear process. The significant increase in the mean total volumetric wear, but not the mean maximum wear depth, observed over time which is exacerbated at reduced halogen irradiances emphasizes the arguments of DeLong for the employment of volume for evaluating material loss due to wear following in vitro wear simulation of RBCs.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental School & Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gurcharn S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bhamra
authors.forename: Garry J P
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C438835:Filtek P60 Composite Resin; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C444701:Filtek Z250; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C041979:2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide