title: An N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase gene, cr-nag1, from the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea is up-regulated in antagonistic interactions with Fusarium culmorum.
abstract: Clonostachys rosea is a widely distributed fungus that often acts as a parasite on other soil fungi. This fungus has also been reported as a potential parasite against nematodes and insects. The antagonistic activity is thought to be correlated with the secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes, including chitinases. In this work, we identified and characterized an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase-encoding gene, cr-nag1, belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 20, from the C. rosea strain IK726 using a degenerated primer strategy designed from conserved motifs. The complete gene, including its promoter region, was obtained by genomic walking. Southern analysis showed that cr-nag1 is present as a single copy gene in C. rosea. Phylogenetically, cr-nag1 showed the highest similarity to N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase genes from other mycoparasitic fungi. Enzymatic assays and RT-PCR showed that the NAGase activity of C. rosea is specifically repressed in medium containing a high glucose content and is expressed in media containing chitin or Fusarium culmorum cell walls as sole carbon sources. Macroscopic and microscopic observations indicated that the mycelial growth of F. culmorum and Pythium ultimum were inhibited during interactions with C. rosea. High expression of cr-nag1 was found in interactions between C. rosea and F. culmorum, whereas the expression of cr-nag1 in interactions between C. rosea and P. ultimum was similar to the control. This indicates that although C. rosea secretes chitin-hydrolysing agents in order to target the cell wall of F. culmorum, it seems to use another strategy for controlling the development of the oomycete P. ultimum.
authors.affiliation: Section for Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamarabadi
authors.forename: Dan Funck
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lübeck
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000898:Antibiosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase