title: Permanent stenting in "unextractable" common bile duct stones in high risk patients. A prospective randomized study comparing two different stents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) and stone extraction is the treatment of choice for bile duct stones. Therefore, if ES and conventional stone extraction fail, further treatment is mandatory. Insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis is an effective option.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 30 high-risk patients (17 women and 13 men, mean age 82 years) affected by difficult common bile duct stones. The patients were randomly assigned preoperatively using closed envelopes (blind randomization) into two groups to receive insertion of polyethylene or hydrophilic hydromer-coated polyurethane stent, respectively. Follow-up was achieved by contacting referring physicians and patient's relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biliary drainage was established in all patients. Early minor complications occurred in 28%. In all these patients, the stent was a definitive measure. Median follow-up was 38 months. Late complications occurred in 34%. Cholangitis was the most frequent. During follow up, 11 patients died, two as result of a biliary-related cause. No statistically significant difference was observed on different stents patency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoprosthesis insertion as a permanent therapy is an effective alternative to surgery or dissolution therapy. Therefore, biliary stenting should preferably be restricted to high-risk patients unfit for operative treatment and with a short life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Section of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Sicily, Italy.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisello
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li Volsi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modica
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sciumè
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015897:Comorbidity; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D020959:Polyethylene; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011205:Povidone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017953:Isocyanates; D011140:Polyurethanes; C050067:hydromer; D020959:Polyethylene; D011205:Povidone