title: Control of acute, chronic, and constitutive hyperammonemia by wild-type and genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum in rodents.
abstract: Hyperammonemia is a common complication of acute and chronic liver diseases. Often accompanied with side effects, therapeutic interventions such as antibiotics or lactulose are generally targeted to decrease the intestinal production and absorption of ammonia. In this study, we aimed to modulate hyperammonemia in three rodent models by administration of wild-type Lactobacillus plantarum, a genetically engineered ammonia hyperconsuming strain, and a strain deficient for the ammonia transporter. Wild-type and metabolically engineered L. plantarum strains were administered in ornithine transcarbamoylase-deficient Sparse-fur mice, a model of constitutive hyperammonemia, in a carbon tetrachloride rat model of chronic liver insufficiency and in a thioacetamide-induced acute liver failure mice model. Constitutive hyperammonemia in Sparse-fur mice and hyperammonemia in a rat model of chronic hepatic insufficiency were efficiently decreased by Lactobacillus administration. In a murine thioacetamide-induced model of acute liver failure, administration of probiotics significantly increased survival and decreased blood and fecal ammonia. The ammonia hyperconsuming strain exhibited a beneficial effect at a lower dose than its wild-type counterpart. Improved survival in the acute liver failure mice model was associated with lower blood ammonia levels but also with a decrease of astrocyte swelling in the brain cortex. Modulation of ammonia was abolished after administration of the strain deficient in the ammonium transporter. Intestinal pH was clearly lowered for all strains and no changes in gut flora were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperammonemia in constitutive model or after acute or chronic induced liver failure can be controlled by the administration of L. plantarum with a significant effect on survival. The mechanism involved in this ammonia decrease implicates direct ammonia consumption in the gut.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicaise
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prozzi
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viaene
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gustot
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quertinmont
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Demetter
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Suain
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goffin
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devière
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hols
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000494:pharmacology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013853:Thioacetamide
chemical_list: D013853:Thioacetamide; D007792:Lactulose; D000641:Ammonia; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D000409:Alanine