title: Temporo-parietal junction activity in theory-of-mind tasks: falseness, beliefs, or attention.
abstract: By combining the false belief (FB) and photo (PH) vignettes to identify theory-of-mind areas with the false sign (FS) vignettes, we re-establish the functional asymmetry between the left and right temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). The right TPJ (TPJ-R) is specially sensitive to processing belief information, whereas the left TPJ (TPJ-L) is equally responsible for FBs as well as FSs. Measuring BOLD at two time points in each vignette, at the time the FB-inducing information (or lack of information) is presented and at the time the test question is processed, made clear that the FB is processed spontaneously as soon as the relevant information is presented and not on demand for answering the question in contrast to extant behavioral data. Finally, a fourth, true belief vignette (TB) required teleological reasoning, that is, prediction of a rational action without any doubts being raised about the adequacy of the actor's information about reality. Activation by this vignette supported claims that the TPJ-R is activated by TBs as well as FBs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology & Center for Neurocognitive Research, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. markus.aichhorn@sbg.ac.at
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aichhorn
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perner
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronbichler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Staffen
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ladurner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D001931:Brain Mapping; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003469:Culture; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D011936:Reality Testing; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea