title: Prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis with glutamine in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: evaluation of clinical and dosimetric parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral glutamine in the prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis (ARIE) and weight loss in lung carcinoma patients, and to determine the clinical/dosimetric predictors of ARIE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 41 patients with stage III lung carcinoma treated with thoracic irradiation were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-two patients (53.6%) received prophylactic powdered glutamine in doses of 10g/8h. Prescribed radiation dose to planning target volume was 60Gy, in 30 fractions, 5 days/week. The primary endpoint included the ARIE incidence and its correlation with clinical/dosimetric factors relative to treatment with glutamine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glutamine was well tolerated. Grade 2 or 3 ARIE occurred in 20 (48.8%) of 41 patients: seven in the glutamine-supplemented group, and 13 in the glutamine-free group (p=0.002). All seven patients with grade 3 esophagitis were in the glutamine-free group (36.8% vs. 0%). Glutamine supplementation appeared to significantly delay ARIE onset for six days (22 days vs. 16 days; p=0.002). Glutamine-supplemented patients demonstrated a lower incidence of grade 2 or 3 ARIE (27.2%), and gained weight during radiotherapy (p=0.04). V55 was the only dosimetric parameter that correlated with the severity of ARIE in glutamine-free patients: a V55 of <35% had a 31% risk of ARIE grade 2 or 3, and the risk increased to 76% with a V55 of >or=35% (p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This schedule and dosage of glutamine may be beneficial in the prevention of ARIE and weight loss in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracic irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University Medical Faculty, Adana Medical and Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kisla Saglik Yerleskesi, 01120 Adana, Turkey. drerkantopkan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topkan
authors.forename: Melek Nur
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Ali Aydin
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Yavuz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine