title: Effect of infertility, maternal age, and number of previous miscarriages on the outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) would decrease spontaneous abortion rates in patients with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  IVF center and PGD reference laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with RPL with no known etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis by fluorescence in situ hybridization analyzing nine chromosomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The spontaneous abortion rate after PGD was compared to the patients' own expected risk of abortion. Patients were evaluated according to the number of previous losses, fertility, and maternal age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis significantly reduced spontaneous abortions in patients with RPL, especially for patients with more than two previous losses (12.8% vs. 35.9% expected). The PGD significantly reduced the rate of spontaneous abortion in both fertile (15.2% vs. 33.8% expected) and infertile patients (13.0% vs. 29.5%), which also achieved similar delivery rates (37% and 34%, respectively). The beneficial effect of PGD was less pronounced in patients <35 years than in patients > or =35 years old (13.6% vs. 34.0% expected). Overall, the PGD reduced the miscarriage rate to a similar baseline of 14%-16% across all maternal ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis improves pregnancy outcome for women with idiopathic RPL, especially those with more than two previous losses, and >35 years of age, and that improvement is not affected by fertility status.
authors.affiliation: The Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Science, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, 3 Regent Street, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garrisi
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colls
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: Xhezong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Margarett G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Garrisi
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munné
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin