title: [Prevalence of lymph node metastases in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Delay of radical cystectomy and upstaging in the cystectomy specimen as risk factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study clinical and histopathologic parameters after cystectomy and lymphadenectomy in non-muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder and their association with the prevalence of lymph node metastases (N+).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 866 patients treated with radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy, 219 had non-muscle-invasive TCC of the bladder. The prevalence of N+ was related to parameters such as gender, age, number of transurethral resections of the bladder (TURBs), intervals between first TURB and cystectomy, adjuvant therapy, maximum histopathologic tumor stage and grade at TURB, and tumor upstaging in the cystectomy specimen by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 33 patients (15%) had N+. By multivariate analyses, tumor upstaging and the number of TURBs were independent predictors of N+ at cystectomy. The number of TURBs increased the prevalence of N+ from 8% (one TURB) to 24% (two to four TURBs). Tumor upstaging in the cystectomy specimen increased the prevalence of N+ from 4% to 36%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inappropriate delay and staging errors of"high risk" non-muscle-invasive TCC of the bladder contribute to an increased prevalence of N+ and should be avoided. In our series, the number of TURBs and tumor upstaging in the cystectomy specimen were independent predictors for N+ by multivariate analysis.
authors.affiliation: Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Deutschland. ChristophWs@AOL.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salzer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gillitzer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thüroff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015653:Cystectomy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*