title: BMI-1 promotes ewing sarcoma tumorigenicity independent of CDKN2A repression.
abstract: Deregulation of the polycomb group gene BMI-1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers. In this study, we have investigated if the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) expresses BMI-1 and whether it functions as an oncogene in this highly aggressive group of bone and soft tissue tumors. Our data show that BMI-1 is highly expressed by ESFT cells and that, although it does not significantly affect proliferation or survival, BMI-1 actively promotes anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, we find that BMI-1 promotes the tumorigenicity of both p16 wild-type and p16-null cell lines, demonstrating that the mechanism of BMI-1 oncogenic function in ESFT is, at least in part, independent of CDKN2A repression. Expression profiling studies of ESFT cells following BMI-1 knockdown reveal that BMI-1 regulates the expression of hundreds of downstream target genes including, in particular, genes involved in both differentiation and development as well as cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. Gain and loss of function assays confirm that BMI-1 represses the expression of the adhesion-associated basement membrane protein nidogen 1. In addition, although BMI-1 promotes ESFT adhesion, nidogen 1 inhibits cellular adhesion in vitro. Together, these data support a pivotal role for BMI-1 ESFT pathogenesis and suggest that its oncogenic function in these tumors is in part mediated through modulation of adhesion pathways.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Jessie Hao-Ru
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abdueva
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Doorninck
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Hiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Triche
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lawlor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C029967:nidogen; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1