title: Association of kidney function with inflammatory and procoagulant markers in a diverse cohort: a cross-sectional analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior studies using creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have found limited associations between kidney function and markers of inflammation. Using eGFR and cystatin C, a novel marker of kidney function, the authors investigated the association of kidney function with multiple biomarkers in a diverse cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis consists of 6,814 participants of white, African-American, Hispanic, and Chinese descent, enrolled from 2000-2002 from six U.S. communities. Measurements at the enrollment visit included serum creatinine, cystatin C, and six inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers. Creatinine-based eGFR was estimated using the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, and chronic kidney disease was defined by an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted partial correlations between cystatin C and all biomarkers were statistically significant: C-reactive protein (r = 0.08), interleukin-6 (r = 0.16), tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor 1 (TNF-alphaR1; r = 0.75), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (r = 0.21), fibrinogen (r = 0.14), and factor VIII (r = 0.11; two-sided p < 0.01 for all). In participants without chronic kidney disease, higher creatinine-based eGFR was associated only with higher TNF-alphaR1 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort characterized by ethnic diversity, cystatin C was directly associated with multiple procoagulant and inflammatory markers. Creatinine-based eGFR had similar associations with these biomarkers among subjects with chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Christopher.Keller@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shlipak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000097:blood*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D005169:Factor VIII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine