title: The effect of selective estrogen receptor modulator administration on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in men with idiopathic oligozoospermia.
abstract: This study evaluates, compares, and contrasts the effects of three selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), namely, tamoxifen, toremifene, and raloxifene, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in 284 consecutive subfertile men with idiopathic oligozoospermia using three therapeutic protocols: [1] tamoxifen, 20 mg, once daily (n = 94); [2] toremifene, 60 mg, once daily (n = 99); and [3] raloxifene, 60 mg, once daily (n = 91). The antiestrogenic effects of SERMs at the hypothalamic level result in a statistically significant increase of gonadotropin levels, which is more marked for tamoxifen and toremifene compared with raloxifene.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Endocrinology and Human Reproduction, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsourdi
authors.forename: Anargyros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kourtis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farmakiotis
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katsikis
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D017312:Toremifene / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D013739:Testosterone; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D017312:Toremifene; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone