title: A novel resistant maltodextrin alters gastrointestinal tolerance factors, fecal characteristics, and fecal microbiota in healthy adult humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistant maltodextrin has been shown to increase fecal bulk by resisting digestion and being partially fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The objective of this experiment was to determine potential prebiotic effects, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fecal characteristics of free-living humans fed a novel resistant maltodextrin or a normal maltodextrin control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n = 38) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind study where they were assigned to one of three daily treatments: 15 g maltodextrin; 7.5 g maltodextrin plus 7.5 g resistant maltodextrin (Fibersol-2; Matsutani Chemical Company, Hyogo, Japan); and 15 g resistant maltodextrin. The experiment lasted 7 wk and consisted of a 2 wk baseline period, a 3 wk treatment period, and a 2 wk washout period. During wk 3 to 5 (treatment period), subjects consumed their assigned treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistant maltodextrin supplementation tended to increase (p = 0.12) fecal Bifidobacterium populations during the treatment period, altered (p < 0.05) bacterial populations from baseline to treatment, and resulted in very minor effects in gastrointestinal tolerance. There was a shift (p < 0.05) in molar proportions of SCFA towards butyrate, the preferred energy substrate of colonocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistant maltodextrin supplementation was well tolerated, resulted in favorable fermentation characteristics in the large bowel, and also resulted in a change in bacterial populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Nathaniel D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Fastinger
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Karr-Lilienthal
authors.forename: Julie K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Spears
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Krista E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: Gerardo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkuma
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanahori
authors.forename: Dennis T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Fahey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D000641:Ammonia; C008315:maltodextrin