title: Elevated spring temperature stimulates growth, but not smolt development, in anadromous Arctic charr.
abstract: Parr-smolt transformation and growth were studied in captive offspring of anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) from the Hals watercourse in northern Norway (70 degrees N), held either at a natural temperature (<1 degrees C until May) or at a temperature elevated to 6 degrees C in late March. In mid-May, 5 weeks after the increase in photoperiod from 8:16 h light:dark to continuous light, gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity started to increase in both temperature groups, concurrent with the final development of full seawater tolerance. Temperature had no effect on the development of gill Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity, or on hypoosmoregulatory ability. The fish in both treatments resumed growth in mid-May, but from then on growth was faster in the elevated than in the ambient temperature group. In the former group, fish mass doubled in 6 weeks (from 65 to 137 g), and growth ceased at the time when the fish were about to complete their parr-smolt transformation. These findings show that an early vernal temperature increase advances the seasonal growth cycle, but not the parr-smolt transformation, in anadromous Arctic charr.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bottengård
authors.forename: Even H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D005618:Fresh Water; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D009664:Norway; D017440:Photoperiod; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014337:Trout / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase