title: Guidelines on the use of botulinum toxin type A.
abstract: Botulinum toxin is available as types A and B. These two different forms need different dosages and hence, the physician needs to be familiar with the formulations. A thorough knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the muscles in the area to be injected is essential. INDICATIONS FOR BOTULINUM TOXIN: Dynamic wrinkles caused by persistent muscular contractions are the main aesthetic indications for the use of Botulinum toxin. These include forehead lines, glabellar lines, crow's feet, bunny lines, perioral wrinkles, and platysmal bands. Non-aesthetic indications include hyperhidrosis of the palms, soles and axillae. PHYSICIANS' QUALIFICATIONS: Any qualified dermatologist may practice the technique after receiving adequate training in the field. This may be obtained either during post-graduation or at any workshops dedicated to this subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Botulinum toxin can be administered in the dermatologist's minor procedure room.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed counseling with respect to the treatment, desired effects, and longevity of the results should be discussed with the patient. The patient should be given brochures to study and adequate opportunity to seek information. A detailed consent form needs to be completed by the patient. The consent form should include the type of botulinum toxin, longevity expected and possible postoperative complications. Pre- and postoperative photography is recommended. Dosage depends on the area, muscle mass, gender and other factors outlined in these guidelines. It is recommended that beginners should focus on the basic indications in the upper third of the face and that they treat the middle and lower parts of the face only after garnering adequate experience.
authors.affiliation: Dr Shetty's Skin and Cosmetic Clinic, Bangalore, India. your_dermatologist@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shetty
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000592:standards*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000592:standards; D003880:Dermatology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D018579:Patient Selection; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A