title: Ambulatory cardiovascular activity and hostility ratings in women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between hostility and ambulatory cardiovascular activity in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and one women completed 24 hours of ambulatory monitoring and standardized diagnostic and hostility measures. Generalized estimating equations analysis was used to examine the effects of group and hostility factor scores (hostile beliefs, overt hostility, and covert hostility) on ambulatory heart rate (AHR) and ambulatory systolic (ASBP) and diastolic (ADBP) blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for covariates, there was an interaction between PTSD and both hostile beliefs and overt hostility for AHR. Increases in hostility were associated with greater increases in heart rate among women with PTSD relative to those without PTSD. There was a similar interaction between hostile beliefs and group for ADBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased AHR and blood pressure have been linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes in nonpsychiatric populations. Individuals with PTSD display increased hostility, a construct that has also been linked to poorer cardiovascular outcomes. Increases in hostile beliefs were associated with a greater increase in ADBP among women with PTSD as compared with control subjects. These data suggest that PTSD might in part moderate the relationship between hostility and cardiovascular outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Service Line, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. somahony@ucc.ie
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beckham
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: Michelle F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires