title: Recruiting and retaining pregnant women from a community health center at the US-Mexico border for the Mothers and Youth Access clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recruitment and retention in clinical trials of minorities is low, particularly in rural underserved populations. This has slowed progress in addressing racial/ethnic disparities in oral health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe factors associated with successful recruitment, and identify predictors of continued retention of pregnant women attending a community health center into a randomized controlled clinical trial to prevent early childhood caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Mothers and Youth Access (MAYA) Trial recruited women in the second trimester of pregnancy. At baseline, consenting women completed an oral health questionnaire and received a dental exam and oral health counseling. Four months postpartum, women returned with their babies for randomization with follow up at 9-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 30-, and 36-month postpartum visits. To assess predictors of retention, data about respondents' demographics, and oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were obtained by questionnaire and analyzed by logistic and discrete time-to-event regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 556 predominantly Mexican-American women recruited at baseline, 195 (35%) were excluded after baseline for not meeting inclusion criteria; 361 (65%) continued to randomization. Factors such as race/ethnicity, annual household income, household composition, oral health-related knowledge and behaviors significantly related to retention until randomization. In multivariable models, women reporting a higher annual household income were less likely to be lost to attrition before randomization (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.89); while Mexican/Mexican-American women were less likely to be lost beyond randomization (hazard ratio = 0.53, 95% CI 0.26-1.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors not measured at baseline may have been important in predicting attrition. The MAYA Trial is expected to finish by November 2008; therefore, complete results for total retention may differ from those reported here.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recruitment and retention efforts for pregnant Hispanic women should place heavy emphasis on culture as ethnicity remained the only borderline significant predictor in postrandomization retention.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramos-Gomez
authors.forename: Lisa H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Beristain
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jue
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gansky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003151:Community Health Centers; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003625:Data Collection; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D019035:Rural Health Services; D055815:Young Adult