title: Detection and typing of enteroviruses from CSF specimens from patients diagnosed with meningitis/encephalitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningitis. Rapid enterovirus detection and identification is important in order to ruleout other causes of disease, initiate appropriate patient management and to aid in epidemiological investigations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A 2-year study (2005-2006) of patients with symptoms of meningitis/encephalitis was performed in New York State (NYS) to determine the underlying enteroviral etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse-transcription, followed by a sequential PCR strategy targeting the 5'-nontranslated and VP1 regions, were used to first detect and then type, these RNA viruses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a total of 1374 specimens tested, enterovirus was detected in 67 specimens (4.9%); of these, 59 could subsequently be typed. Coxsackievirus B5 was found in 14 cases in 2005, but none in 2006. Overall, 14 enterovirus serotypes were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most prevalent enteroviruses in this cohort were Coxsackievirus B5, and echoviruses 18, and 6 collectively accounting for 46%. 2005 was a period of high activity for Coxsackievirus B5 in NYS. A large majority of the enterovirus-positive patients suffered from headache and fever. In most cases, the cerebrospinal fluid profile was reported and generally showed elevated protein levels (>45mg/dl) and a higher than normal white blood cell count (>5mm(3)).
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201, United States. norma.tavakoli@wadsworth.org
authors.forename: Norma P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Seela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nattanmai
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dupuis
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hull
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008587:Meningitis, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral