title: [Relationship of the occurrence of fetal distress and change of umbilical cord and expression of vasoactive substance in umbilical vein in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the changes of umbilical cord and the vasoactive substance in umbilical vein in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  By HE staining method we analyzed the pathologic change of umbilical cord of 25 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and fetal distress (ICP fetal distress group), 25 ICP women without fetal distress group (ICP control group) and 27 normal pregnancies (control group). The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by immunohistochemistry method. Umbilical vein total bile acid (TBA) and NOS and ET-1 were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) A remarkable high TBA level was found in umbilical vein in ICP, and it was higher in ICP fetal distress group (19.0 +/- 2.3) micromol/L than in ICP control group (9.0 +/- 1.7) micromol/L (P < 0.05); it was higher in ICP control group than the control group (4.4 +/- 1.5) micromol/L (P < 0.05). (2) A significant difference was found in the endotheliocytes of umbilical vein in ICP fetal distress group compared with ICP control group. The ratio of cells with pathological changes in ICP fetal distress group (92%, 23/25) was higher than ICP control group (68%, 17/25; P < 0.05). The occurrence of the pathological changes was associated with TBA. (3) The expression of eNOS in ICP fetal distress group 0.09 +/- 0.06 was lower than in ICP control group 0.21 +/- 0.08 (P < 0.05), and it was lower in ICP control group than in control group 0.47 +/- 0.07 (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of ET-1 in ICP fetal distress group 0.49 +/- 0.08 was higher than in ICP control group 0.32 +/- 0.07 (P < 0.05), and it was higher in ICP control group than control group 0.14 +/- 0.06 (P < 0.05). The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in ICP fetal distress group 0.20 +/- 0.04 and ICP control group 0.21 +/- 0.05 was lower than in control group 0.26 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in ICP fetal distress group and ICP control group (P > 0.05). (4) The expression of eNOS, iNOS and ET-1 was correlated with umbilical vein TBA in ICP (r1 = -0.88, r2 = -0.45, r3 = 0.9; P < 0.01), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High level of TBA in ICP is harmful to the umbilical vein endothelium, which is correlated with the raised expression of ET-1, and the decreased expression of eNOS,and iNOS in human umbilical cord endothelium cells. All these changes of umbilical vein may be associated with the occurrence of fetal distress in ICP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase