title: Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics, and relatively benign outcome, of typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia is an uncommon arrhythmia in children. The natural history of this disturbance is poorly known in young patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the clinical and electrophysiological features, and the final outcome, in 19 children affected by typical atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia diagnosed by a transoesophageal electrophysiological study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the cohort, 12 patients were female and 7 male, with a mean age of 11 years. Dual atrioventricular nodal physiology was demonstrated in 14 children (73%). The mean length of the tachycardia cycle was 297 milliseconds, with periods of 2 to 1 atrioventricular block during tachycardia noted in 5 children (26%). The mean cycle length was significantly shorter in the children who presented episodes of 2 to 1 atrioventricular block than in those who did not. After diagnosis, 12 children were not treated, 6 were treated with medical therapy, and 1 was submitted to radiofrequency transcatheter ablation. During a mean follow-up period of 41 months, 2 children with rare, but sustained, episodes of tachycardia that initially had not been treated were submitted to radiofrequency transcatheter ablation. Among children treated pharmacologically, 1 teenager was submitted to radiofrequency transcatheter ablation on the basis of parental choice, 3 children have discontinued medical therapy recording only sporadic episodes of tachycardia, and 2 children are still treated with antiarrhythmic drugs. At the last follow-up visit, 13 children (68%) were without any treatment, 4 had been successfully ablated, and 2 were still on medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicates a relatively benign outcome in this group of children and adolescents with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Cardiology, S. Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Italy. dipinoa@yahoo.it
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Pino
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.forename: Innocenzo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bianca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D007545:Isoproterenol