title: Effects of venlafaxine extended release on resilience in posttraumatic stress disorder: an item analysis of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.
abstract: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of venlafaxine extended release (ER) on characteristics of resilience, measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data were evaluated from a randomized, 6-month, international, multicenter study of adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition PTSD for >or=6 months, and 17-item Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale score >or=60. Patients were assigned randomly to treatment with flexible-dose venlafaxine ER (37.5-300 mg/day) or placebo. Changes from baseline scores and effect sizes of response to treatment with venlafaxine ER compared with placebo were computed for each item, as well as for the newly developed 2-item and 10-item subscales. Effect sizes across items ranged from 0.41 (moderate) to 0.08 (very weak). The effect size for the Resilience Scale-2 (2-item subscale) was 0.32, which was comparable to the effect sizes of 0.35 for the 25-item full scale and 0.34 for the 10-item subscale. Venlafaxine ER improved resilience on individual Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale items that reflect four factors (hardiness, persistence/tenacity, social support, and faith in a benevolent or meaningful world), to varying degrees in patients with PTSD. The findings suggest that assessment of treatment response might be enhanced by routine evaluation of resilience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Trent Drive, 4th floor, Room 4082B, Durham, NC 27710, USA. david011@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musgnung
authors.forename: Isma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Benattia
authors.forename: Barbara O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Rothbaum
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride