title: The curve integration method is comparable to manual segmentation for the analysis of bone/scaffold composites using micro-CT.
abstract: Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) is becoming a more common imaging technique in tissue engineering and has been used to characterize scaffold pore size, pore fraction, and bone ingrowth, among other characteristics. Despite the increasingly widespread use, no standards exist for segmenting images. Manual segmentation, a common segmentation method, is subjective, time consuming, and has been shown to be inaccurate and unreliable. The curve integration method was previously introduced as a method to accurately calculate the volume fraction of constituents in bone scaffolds from micro-CT data. In this article, the curve integration method is compared to manual image segmentation in order to validate the former method. Three cases are presented from two in vivo bone regeneration studies that include cross-sections from a rabbit calvarial defect used to study drug delivery, and cross-sections and small volumes of hydroxyapatite scaffold-bone composites from a porcine intramuscular study. The analysis shows that the curve integration method models the data accurately and can be used to calculate volume fractions of the materials in the sample. Furthermore, the curve integration method is faster and less labor intensive than manual image segmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hilldore
authors.forename: Abby W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Woodard
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wagoner Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011817:Rabbits; D012038:Regeneration; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite