Vitamin D and calcium interactions: functional outcomes.
I present the results of published studies and original data and describe the functional outcomes of effects related to the interaction between vitamin D status and calcium intake. These effects fall into 3 broad categories: 1) synergistic effects of vitamin D status and calcium intake on calcium absorption; 2) effects of calcium intake on vitamin D status; and 3) largely observational data suggesting an association between calcium and vitamin D status and nonskeletal outcomes, such as cancer. To a considerable extent, both vitamin D status and the benefits associated therewith appear to be dependent on, or at least augmented by, calcium intakes at or above currently recommended levels.
Heaney
Robert P
RP
Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA. rheaney@creighton.edu
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium