title: Migraine, vascular risk, and cardiovascular events in women: prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the association between migraine with aura and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is modified by vascular risk groups as measured by the Framingham risk score for coronary heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women's health study, United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 519 women who were free from cardiovascular disease at baseline with available information on the Framingham risk score and migraine status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to major cardiovascular disease event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischaemic stroke, death from ischaemic cardiovascular disease), myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 3577 (13.0%) women reported active migraine, of whom 1418 (39.6%) reported migraine with aura. During 11.9 years of follow-up, there were 697 cardiovascular disease events. We stratified participants based on 10 year risk of coronary heart disease estimated from the Framingham risk score (<or=1%, 2-4%, 5-9%, and >or=10%). Compared with women without migraine, the age adjusted hazard ratios in women with active migraine with aura were 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.45 to 2.56) for major cardiovascular disease, 1.80 (1.16 to 2.79) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.94 (1.27 to 2.95) for myocardial infarction. When stratified by Framingham risk score, the association between migraine with aura and major cardiovascular disease was strongest in the lowest risk score group. There was a diametric association pattern for ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Compared with women without migraine, the age adjusted hazard ratios in women who reported migraine with aura in the lowest Framingham risk score group were 3.88 (1.87 to 8.08) for ischaemic stroke and 1.29 (0.40 to 4.21) for myocardial infarction. Hazard ratios in women with migraine with aura in the highest Framingham risk score group were 1.00 (0.24 to 4.14) for ischaemic stroke and 3.34 (1.50 to 7.46) for myocardial infarction. Women with migraine without aura were not at increased risk of ischaemic stroke or myocardial infarction in any of the Framingham risk score groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between migraine with aura and cardiovascular disease varies by vascular risk status. Information on history of migraine and vascular risk status might help to identify women at increased risk for specific future cardiovascular disease events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials NCT00000479.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. tkurth@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schürks
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Logroscino
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology