title: Isolated resection of the caudate lobe: indications, technique and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports a series of 24 isolated caudate lobe resections (ICLR), performed for 13 benign tumors (10 hemangiomas, 2 focal nodular hyperplasias, 1 adenoma) and 11 malignant tumors (3 hepatocarcinomas, 1 peripheral cholangiocarcinoma and 7 metastatic - 5 colorectal carcinomas, 1 breast carcinoma, 1 adrenal carcinoma). Klatskin tumors were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 10 hemangioma enucleations, 7 Spiegel lobe resections and 7 high dorsal resections. Total vascular exclusion was performed in 7 cases. Vascular resection with reconstruction was necessary in 5 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complications occurred in 7 cases (3 bile leaks, 3 abdominal fluid collections and one liver failure leading to death). From the 10 patients with malignant tumors who survived the operation, 7 developed recurrences: 2 intrahepatic, 1 retroperitoneal, 4 systemic. Five patients are alive (3 without recurrence). One patient died of multiple complications after a repeat hepatectomy and colectomy. Three patients died from generalized disease. Another patient, with generalized disease, was lost from follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICLR is a difficult operation, especially with malignant tumors. Total vascular exclusion of the liver is routinely recommended in high dorsal resection. Malignant tumors located in the caudate lobe have a poor prognosis; local and, especially, distant metastases are frequent. Aggressive chemotherapy and follow-up are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Center of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania. irinel.popescu@icfundeni.ro
authors.forename: Irinel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.forename: Silviu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ciurea
authors.forename: Dragos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romanescu
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boros
mesh_terms: D018248:Adenoma, Liver Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D020518:Focal Nodular Hyperplasia / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate