title: The changing face of heart transplantation.
abstract: It has been 40 years since the first human-to-human heart transplant performed in South Africa by Christiaan Barnard in December 1967. This achievement did not come as a surprise to the medical community but was the result of many years of early pioneering experimental work by Alexis Carrel, Frank Mann, Norman Shumway, and Richard Lower. Since then, refinement of donor and recipient selection methods, better donor heart management, and advances in immunosuppression have significantly improved survival. In this article, we hope to give a perspective on the changing face of heart transplantation. Topics that will be covered in this review include the changing patient population as well as recent advances in transplantation immunology, organ preservation, allograft vasculopathy, and immune tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA. shunt@cvmed.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haddad
mesh_terms: D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology / Q000639:trends; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents