title: Prevalence of hepatitis B, tetanus, hepatitis A, human immunodeficiency virus and feasibility of vaccine delivery among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand, 2003-2005.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), tetanus, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injecting drug users (IDUs), risk factors associated with infection and the feasibility of HBV vaccine delivery in HBV seronegatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of 1535 IDUs recruited from 17 Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) methadone clinics and HBV vaccination of seronegatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of antibody to HBV, tetanus, HAV and HIV was 87.8%, 68.1%, 60.2% and 35.9%, respectively. Prevalence of HBV and HAV increased with increasing age; prevalence of tetanus decreased with increasing age. Being HIV seropositive was related inversely to income and being tetanus seronegative. Of the 189 HBV seronegative IDUs, 81.0% completed the vaccine series. IDUs with HIV had a 6.5-fold odds of vaccine non-response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data underscore the need for, and feasibility of, vaccine delivery in this population and support targeting efforts at high-risk age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sunthorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunthornchart
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Linkins
authors.forename: Voranut
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Natephisarnwanish
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Kunyarat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maneesinthu
authors.forename: Rangsima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lolekha
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tappero
authors.forename: Nisanart
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trirat
authors.forename: Suchada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muktier
authors.forename: Pennapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chancharastong
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Suwanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donchalermpak
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vitek
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Supawitkul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013742:Tetanus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines