title: Monitoring the clinical introduction of a glutamine and antioxidant solution in critically ill trauma and burn patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enteral glutamine supplementation and antioxidants have been shown to be beneficial in some categories of critically ill patients. This study investigated the impact on organ function and clinical outcome of an enteral solution enriched with glutamine and antioxidant micronutrients in patients with trauma and with burns.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of a historical control group including critically ill, burned and major trauma patients (n = 86, 40 patients with burns and 46 with trauma, 43 in each group) on admission to an intensive care unit in a university hospital (matching for severity, age, and sex). The intervention aimed to deliver a 500-mL enteral solution containing 30 g of glutamine per day, selenium, zinc, and vitamin E (Gln-AOX) for a maximum of 10 d, in addition to control treatment consisting of enteral nutrition in all patients and intravenous trace elements in all burn patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were comparable at baseline, except for more inhalation injuries in the burn-Gln-AOX group (P = 0.10) and greater neurologic impairment in the trauma-Gln-AOX group (P = 0.022). Intestinal tolerance was good. The full 500-mL dose was rarely delivered, resulting in a low mean glutamine daily dose (22 g for burn patients and 16 g for trauma patients). In burn patients intravenous trace element delivery was superior to the enteral dose. The evolution of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and other outcome variables did not differ significantly between groups. C-reactive protein decreased faster in the Gln-AOX group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Gln-AOX supplement was well tolerated in critically ill, injured patients, but did not improve outcome significantly. The delivery of glutamine below the 0.5-g/kg recommended dose in association with high intravenous trace element substitution doses in burn patients are likely to have blunted the impact by not reaching an efficient treatment dose. Further trials testing higher doses of Gln are required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine & Burns Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ludivine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soguel
authors.forename: René L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Chioléro
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruffieux
authors.forename: Mette M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002056:Burns / Q000628:therapy*; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000628:therapy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018977:Micronutrients; D005973:Glutamine; D014810:Vitamin E; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc