title: Bovine CD14 gene characterization and relationship between polymorphisms and surface expression on monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD14 is an important player in host innate immunity in that it confers lipopolysaccharide sensitivity to cell types like neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages. The study was aimed at characterizing the CD14 gene of cattle for sequence variations and to determine the effect of variations on the expression of the protein on the surfaces of monocytes and neutrophils in healthy dairy cows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five SNPs were identified: two within the coding regions (g.A1908G and g.A2318G, numbering is according to GenBank No. EU148609), one in the 5' (g.C1291T) and two in the 3' (g.A2601G and g.G2621T) untranslated regions. SNP 1908 changes amino acid 175 of the protein (p.Asn175Asp, numbering is according to GenBank No. ABV68569), while SNP 2318 involves a synonymous codon change. Coding region SNPs characterized three gene alleles A (GenBank No. EU148609), A1 (GenBank No. EU148610) and B (GenBank No. EU148611) and two deduced protein variants A (ABV68569 and ABV68570) and B (ABV68571). Protein variant A is more common in the breeds analyzed. All SNPs gave rise to 3 haplotypes for the breeds. SNP genotype 1908AG was significantly (P<0.01) associated with a higher percentage of neutrophils expressing more CD14 molecules on their surfaces. The promoter region contains several transcription factor binding sites, including multiple AP-1 and SP1 sites and there is a high conservation of amino acid residues between the proteins of closely related species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has provided information on sequence variations within the CD14 gene and proteins of cattle. The SNP responsible for an amino acid exchange may play an important role in the expression of CD14 on the surfaces of neutrophils. Further observations involving a larger sample size are required to validate our findings. Our SNP and association analyses have provided baseline information that may be used at defining the role of CD14 in mediating bacterial infections. The computational analysis on the promoter and comparative analysis with other species has revealed regions of regulatory element motifs that may indicate important regulatory effects on the gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada. eveline.ibeagha-awemu@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Eveline M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ibeagha-Awemu
authors.forename: Jai-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Aloysius E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ibeagha
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor