title: Message in a nucleus: signaling to the transcriptional machinery.
abstract: Tissue differentiation and signal transduction involve dramatic changes in gene expression. These changes can be brought about by the expression or activation of sequence-specific transcription factors. In order to regulate their target genes, such factors must navigate the intricate chromatin environment and engage the complex basal transcriptional machinery. We discuss three mechanisms through which signaling pathways can interact with complexes that alter chromatin structure or recruit RNA polymerase II. Signals that promote differentiation may alter the properties of such transcriptional regulatory complexes by incorporating tissue-specific subunits. Alternatively, adaptor subunits specialized to interact with specific transcription factors may allow a single complex to respond to multiple signals. Finally, individual regulatory proteins may integrate a variety of signals, allowing crosstalk between pathways.
authors.affiliation: Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Inés
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Carrera
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Treisman
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D012319:RNA Polymerase II