title: Polarization of cytokine profile from Th1 into Th2 along colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence: implications for the biotherapeutic target?
abstract: The development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) has been hypothesized to be raised mostly from the precancerous lesion of colorectal adenoma (CRA) through a multistep process and defined as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In response to the tumorigenesis, host cellular immunity acts as the most important defense factor with cytokines as the main regulator molecules. Therefore, changes of cytokines of the T helper 1 (Th1)/T helper 2 (Th2) type immune responses along this sequence may therefore reflect a functional switch of host anti-tumor immunity. This minireview focused on the recent knowledge of the Th1/Th2 balance in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and its potential clinical and therapeutical significance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway. guanglin.cui@fagmed.uit.no
authors.forename: Guanglin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Florholmen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines