title: Differential onset of infantile deprivation produces distinctive long-term effects in adult ex-laboratory chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
abstract: Maternal or social deprivation during early infancy inevitably produces social deficiencies in juvenile chimpanzees. Hypothesizing such deficiencies to persist into adulthood (a), and, as in humans, a sensitive period in early infancy for attachment formation (b), we predicted and found behavioral differences in resocialized adult ex-laboratory chimpanzees after about 20 years of solitary confinement depending on their age at onset of deprivation: early deprived (ED; mean: 1.2 years) chimpanzees engaged significantly less in social interactions, spent less time associated, and showed more nonsocial idiosyncrasies than did late deprived (LD; mean: 3.6 years) chimpanzees. In addition to these individual attributes relational qualities, specifically the combination of ED and LD chimpanzees within social groups, have an impact on social recovery. LDs can best exploit their social potential in the company of other LDs and EDs tend to stagnate in their recovery when socialized with other EDs.
authors.affiliation: Institut fuer Zoologie, Karl-Franzens-Universitaet Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Elfriede
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalcher
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crailsheim
authors.forename: Signe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preuschoft
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D009769:Object Attachment; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D012934:Social Isolation; D012951:Socialization