title: Video-assisted instruction improves the success rate for tracheal intubation by novices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracheal intubation via laryngoscopy is a fundamental skill, particularly for anaesthesiologists. However, teaching this skill is difficult since direct laryngoscopy allows only one individual to view the larynx during the procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine if video-assisted laryngoscopy improves the effectiveness of tracheal intubation training.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, 37 novices with less than six prior intubation attempts were randomized into two groups, video-assisted followed by traditional instruction (Group V/T) and traditional instruction followed by video-assisted instruction (Group T/V). Novices performed intubations on three patients, switched groups, and performed three more intubations. All trainees received feedback during the procedure from an attending anaesthesiologist based on standard cues. Additionally, during the video-assisted part of the study, the supervising anaesthesiologist incorporated feedback based on the video images obtained from the fibreoptic camera located in the laryngoscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During video-assisted instruction, novices were successful at 69% of their intubation attempts whereas those trained during the non-video-assisted portion were successful in 55% of their attempts (P=0.04). Oesophageal intubations occurred in 3% of video-assisted intubation attempts and in 17% of traditional attempts (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The improved rate of successful intubation and the decreased rate of oesophageal intubation support the use of video laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951778, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1778, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Howard-Quijano
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matevosian
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Steadman
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording