title: The dormant epicardial reconnection of pulmonary vein: an unusual cause of recurrent atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation.
abstract: The case of a 65-year-old man with recurrent atrial fibrillation after undergoing segmental pulmonary vein isolation caused by the reconnection of previously isolated pulmonary veins is herein reported. Interestingly, frequent ectopic firings in the left superior pulmonary vein conducted to the left atrium, not through its ostium but through the supposed epicardial pathway at the region of the Marshall ligament, which had been absent during the first treatment session. The reisolation of the left superior pulmonary vein by radiofrequency application in the left atrial appendage thus successfully eliminated the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Teiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Michifumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Kenri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibayama
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010496:Pericardium / Q000002:abnormalities*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D035583:Rare Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis