title: Castalagin from Anogeissus leiocarpus mediates the killing of Leishmania in vitro.
abstract: Stem barks of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Terminalia avicennoides widely used in Africa for treatment of some parasitic diseases were collected and made into methanolic extracts. The extracts were tested on four strains of promastigote forms of Leishmania in vitro. Solvent fractionation in aqueous, butanolic, and ethyl acetate layer indicated butanol and aqueous fractions to have a superior leishmanicidal activity. Chromatographic separation of the butanolic fraction on Sephadex LH-20 followed by nuclear magnetic resonance and correlation high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of known hydrolyzable tannins and some related compounds-with castalagin as the major compound. The observed activity ranged from 62.5 to > or =150, 112.5 to > or =500, and 55 to >150 microg/ml for the crude methanolic extract, different solvent fractions, and the isolated compounds, respectively, on the four different Leishmania strains.
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. nshuaibu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shuaibu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wuyep
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kouno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029764:Combretaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C084709:vescalagin