title: Complex endodontic treatment of an immature type III dens invaginatus. A case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the endodontic treatment of an immature maxillary central incisor with dens invaginatus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dens invaginatus is a rare malformation of teeth, probably resulting from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development. The present case describes the complex endodontic treatment of a type III dens invaginatus in an immature maxillary central incisor with a necrotic pulp and abscess formation. The initial treatment goal was to achieve apexification of the pseudocanal root and conservative root canal treatment in the main canal. Following 1-year of treatment with calcium hydroxide dressings, radiography revealed a healing response, but no sign of a hard tissue barrier at the apex. Periapical surgery with the placement of a zinc oxide cement (IRM) root-end filling was considered successful at the 4-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complexity of the canal system and open apex in dens invaginatus present a challenge to endodontic treatment. Correct diagnosis and treatment planning are fundamental to treatment of dens invaginatus. Periapical surgery is indicated in cases of unsuccessful apexification in immature teeth with dens invaginatus and nonvital pulp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. erfreg@terra.com.br
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Fregnani
authors.forename: L F B
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Spinola
authors.forename: J R O
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sônego
authors.forename: C E S
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: De Martin
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000150:complications*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008768:Methylmethacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000628:therapy; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C031667:IRM cement; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide