title: Modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: study of anticoagulated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there are modifiable risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in patients receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review between January 2002 and December 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 315 consecutive patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall mortality rates and surgical mortality rates, and discharge home compared with discharge to a long-term care facility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 315 patients reviewed, 65 (20.6%) were receiving OAC therapy. Age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and size of hematoma at presentation were similar in the 65 patients taking OAC and the 250 patients not taking it. Mean arterial pressure at presentation was significantly higher in the OAC group than in the control group (132 mm Hg vs 107 mm Hg, P = .01) as was the number of hematomas that progressed (52% vs 14%, P = .01). Overall mortality rates were higher in the OAC group than in the control group (52% vs 41%, P = .03) as were surgical mortality rates (62% vs 41%, P = .04). There were no significant differences in morbidity between the 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality rates were higher among patients taking OAC therapy despite their having similarly sized hematomas at presentation. The higher initial mean arterial pressure among such patients has not been described previously in this setting. This higher mean arterial pressure correlates with the propensity of these patients' hematomas to expand after initial imaging and might partially mediate the mortality effect. In patients taking OAC, hypertension appears to be a modifiable risk factor for morbidity and mortality from intracerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: efric@alumni.uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Elana C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Fric-Shamji
authors.forename: Mohammed F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shamji
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Brien G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Benoit
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006406:Hematoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin