title: Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine attention bias toward threat faces in a large sample of anxiety-disordered youths using a well-established visual probe task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study participants included 101 children and adolescents (ages 7-18 years) with generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and/or separation anxiety disorder enrolled in a multisite anxiety treatment study. Nonanxious youths (n = 51; ages 9-18 years) were recruited separately. Participants were administered a computerized visual probe task that presents pairs of faces portraying threat (angry), positive (happy), and neutral expressions. They pressed a response key to indicate the spatial location of a probe that replaced one of the faces on each trial. Attention bias scores were calculated from response times to probes for each emotional face type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy youths, anxious participants demonstrated a greater attention bias toward threat faces. This threat bias in anxious patients did not significantly vary across the anxiety disorders. There was no group difference in attention bias toward happy faces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that pediatric anxiety disorders are associated with an attention bias toward threat. Future research may examine the manner in which cognitive bias in anxious youths changes with treatment.
authors.affiliation: NYU Child Study Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. amy.roy@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Amy Krain
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Roma A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vasa
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruck
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mogg
authors.forename: Brendan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: R Lindsey
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Erin B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: McClure-Tone
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Pine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D001143:Arousal; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents