title: Seminal plasma cotinine and insulin-like growth factor-I in idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermic smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess seminal plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in cigarette smokers with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 110 men were divided into fertile healthy non-smokers, fertile smokers, infertile non-smokers with iOAT and infertile smokers with iOAT. Semen was analysed, and seminal cotinine and seminal IGF-I levels estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significantly lower seminal IGF-I levels in the smokers and in men with iOAT than in controls, and in both iOAT groups. Smokers, either fertile or with iOAT had significantly lower levels than in controls in mean semen volume, sperm production index, percentage of motile sperms, rapid linear forward progressive motility, linear velocity and sperm normal forms. Smokers with iOAT had significantly lower levels than non-smokers with iOAT in mean sperm production index, rapid linear forward progressive motility and linear velocity. In smokers, seminal cotinine was significantly and negatively correlated with both seminal IGF-I and sperm motility, while seminal IGF-I was positively correlated with the percentage of motile spermatozoa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking effects on sperm variables could be mediated by decreased seminal IGF-I.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Andrology, Mansoura University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Soad M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abo-Azma
authors.forename: Salah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Fayed
authors.forename: Taymour
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mostafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D055101:Semen Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003367:Cotinine