title: The Netherlands protocol for standardisation and quantification of FDG whole body PET studies in multi-centre trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown the usefulness of positron emission tomography (PET) quantification using standardised uptake values (SUV) for diagnosis and staging, prognosis and response monitoring. Many factors affect SUV, such as patient preparation procedures, scan acquisition, image reconstruction and data analysis settings, and the variability in methodology across centres prohibits exchange of SUV data. Therefore, standardisation of 2-[(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET whole body procedures is required in multi-centre trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A protocol for standardisation of quantitative FDG whole body PET studies in the Netherlands (NL) was defined. This protocol is based on standardisation of: (1) patient preparation; (2) matching of scan statistics by prescribing dosage as function of patient weight, scan time per bed position, percentage of bed overlap and image acquisition mode (2D or 3D); (3) matching of image resolution by prescribing reconstruction settings for each type of scanner; (4) matching of data analysis procedure by defining volume of interest methods and SUV calculations and; (5) finally, a multi-centre QC procedure is defined using a 20-cm diameter phantom for verification of scanner calibration and the NEMA NU 2 2001 Image Quality phantom for verification of activity concentration recoveries (i.e., verification of image resolution and reconstruction convergence).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper describes a protocol for standardization of quantitative FDG whole body multi-centre PET studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol was successfully implemented in the Netherlands and has been approved by the Netherlands Society of Nuclear Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.boellaard@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boellaard
authors.forename: Wim J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Corneline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Antoon T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Bertjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arends
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Verzijlbergen
authors.forename: Josee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paans
authors.forename: Emile F I
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Comans
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruim
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D009426:Netherlands; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18