title: Determination of ent-kaurene in subcutaneous fat of Iberian pigs by gas chromatography multi-stage mass spectrometry with the aim to differentiate between intensive and extensive fattening systems.
abstract: This work presents a gas chromatography multi-stage mass spectrometry (GC-MS(3)) method for the determination of ent-kaurene in subcutaneous fat of Iberian pig, present in adipose tissue of animals due to pasture ingestion (extensive fattening system). The method comprises a saponification and a liquid-liquid extraction of the unsaponifiable fraction, followed by an isolation of the hydrocarbon fraction by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analysis by GC-MS(3) (ion trap) with electronic ionization. The GC-MS(3) analysis allows the isolation and characterization of specific fragments from the original (MS(1)) molecular structure, and particularly, those fragments originated from the precursor ion (m/z=229) characteristic of ent-kaurene. The MS/MS product fragment m/z=213 is used as a further precursor fragment giving rise to a MS(3) spectrum specific for ent-kaurene. The limit of detection of the MS(3) technique is lower than 0.2 microg kg(-1) and a linear regression has been found between 0.2 and 112 microg kg(-1). This method is applicable for the determination of the fattening system of the Iberian pig.
authors.affiliation: Food Characterization and Quality Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Av. Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narváez Rivas
authors.forename: José Julian
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Jesús F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Quilez
authors.forename: Alejandro F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Barrero
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León-Camacho
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane