title: On phytochrome absorption and the phytochrome photoequilibrium in a green leaf: environmental sensitivity and photoequilibrium time.
abstract: The average, corrected attenuance spectra for both spectral forms of phytochrome in a mature leaf were calculated. Optical masking by chlorophyll together with the detour effect (optical path lengthening effect) due to multiple light scattering led to large changes in both the Qy band shape and wavelength position and the effective intensity of the weak vibrational bands increases. The Pfr/Pr oscillator-strength-ratio between 400-750 nm (0.93 in vitro), becomes 1.63 in a leaf. Thus the dominant absorption form is Pfr. These two values permit calculation of the phytochrome photoequilibrium under conditions of "daylight" illumination both in vitro and in folia. These values are 0.6 and 0.38 respectively. Previous literature estimates for the situation in vitro, based on the 660/730 nm absorption ratio, yielded values close to 0.6. It is demonstrated that this large decrease in the phytochrome photoequilibrium in a leaf has the effect of translating this parameter to a position on the dose (red/far-red light ratio)-response (Pfr/Ptot) plot towards greater sensitivity to changes in the environmental red/far-red ratio. The increased sensitivity factor is almost five-fold for the "daylight" environment and is even greater for the various "shade-light" environments. The approximate time taken to attain photoequilibrium (1/e lifetime) has also been calculated for phytochrome in a leaf in different light environments. For the "daylight" environment the photoequilibration time is approximately 5 s, which increases into the 20-80 s interval under different degrees of "shade light". Thus, despite the strong optical masking by chlorophyll in a mature leaf, the phytochrome photoequilibrium is attained quite rapidly on a physiological time scale.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sede di Milano, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivadossi
authors.forename: Flavio M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Garlaschi
authors.forename: Anna Paola
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zucchelli
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D008027:Light; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010834:Phytochrome