title: Lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia and urethra: surgical options and results in a multicenter international experience with 215 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical options in male patients with genital lichen sclerosus (LS) involving the anterior urethra still represent a challenging issue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of surgical treatment in patients with genital and urethral LS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, international, retrospective, observational descriptive study performed in two specialized centers. Two hundred fifteen male patients underwent surgery for histologically proven genital LS involving the foreskin and/or the anterior urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circumcision (34 cases), meatotomy (15 cases), circumcision and meatotomy (8 cases), one-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (8 cases), two-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (15 cases), one-stage bulbar oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (88 cases), and definitive perineal urethrostomy (47 cases).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed, including dilation, or when recurrence was diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average follow-up was 56 mo (range: 12-170 mo). Circumcision showed 100% success rate with no recurrence of the disease; meatotomy, 80% success rate; circumcision and meatotomy, 100% success rate; one-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 100% success rate; two-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 73% success rate; one-stage bulbar oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 91% success rate; and definitive perineal urethrostomy, 72% success rate. Limitations include short follow-up for recording neoplastic degeneration and no instrument to investigate quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with LS disease restricted to the foreskin and/or external urinary meatus showed a high surgery success rate. In patients with penile urethral strictures or panurethral strictures, the use of one-stage oral graft urethroplasty showed greater success than the staged procedures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reconstructive Urethral Surgery, Pune, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbagli
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirpekar
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D052816:Foreskin; D006801:Humans; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult