title: Development of a magnetic particle-based enzyme immunoassay for the determination of penoxsulam in water.
abstract: A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the quantitation of Penoxsulam [2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-6-(trifluoromethyl-N-(5,8-dimethoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl))benzenesulfonamide] in ground and surface waters was developed. This immunoassay utilizes magnetic particles as the solid phase to which polyclonal rabbit anti-Penoxsulam antibodies are attached. The ELISA has an estimated detection limit of 0.17 ppb (microg/mL) of Penoxsulam in water. Specificity studies indicate that the antibody can distinguish Penoxsulam from its major metabolites and structurally similar pesticides. Interference studies indicate that the ELISA has a wide tolerance of sample pH and salinity and for compounds commonly found in surface and ground waters. The ELISA was shown to compare favorably to LC-MS/MS on ground and surface water samples (r(2) = 0.957). The various studies performed demonstrate the usefulness of the ELISA technique as a rapid and high-throughput analytical method for the cost-effective monitoring of water samples.
authors.affiliation: James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22801, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kamp
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heilman
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Fernando M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rubio
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008280:Magnetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis*; D014529:Uridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014867:Water; C504402:penoxsulam; D014529:Uridine