title: The surprising evolutionary history of South American deer.
abstract: To clarify the systematic relationships and evolutionary history of South American deer, we conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis using representative species of all of the genera of Neotropical deer. Our results revealed high levels of molecular and cytogenetic divergence between groups of morphologically similar species of brockets (Mazama), and suggest a polyphyletic origin. At least eight ancestral forms of deer invaded South America during the late Pliocene (2.5-3 MYA), and members of the red brockets had an independent early explosive diversification soon after their ancestor arrived there, giving rise to a number of morphologically cryptic species.
authors.affiliation: Nucleo de Pesquisa e Conservacao de Cervideos, Departamento de Zootecnia, Sao Paulo State University, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. barbanti@fcav.unesp.br
authors.forename: José Maurício Barbanti
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Jesus E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003670:Deer / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D007621:Karyotyping; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D013020:South America; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045303:Cytochromes b