title: A rare combination of carotid artery congenital abnormalities: understanding the embryology and clinical associations.
abstract: Duplication of an extracranial internal carotid artery, a retropharyngeal carotid transposition, an aberrant internal carotid artery in the middle ear, and a persistent stapedial artery are each individually uncommon vascular variants. In this case report, we discuss a rare occurrence of all four of these variants in a single individual who presented to our emergency department with a complaint of dizziness and a recent fall. Included in the discussion is pertinent embryology and clinical associations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, USA. james.mceachen@yale.edu
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McEachen
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obrzut
authors.forename: S Jamal
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bokhari
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed