A multicenter, randomized clinical trial comparing zoledronic acid versus observation in patients with asymptomatic myeloma.
BACKGROUND
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective in the prevention and treatment of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with symptomatic myeloma who are receiving chemotherapy. Recent data also suggest a possible antineoplastic activity of BPs. Few studies published to date have explored the role of BPs in patients with untreated, asymptomatic myeloma (AM). No data are available on the efficacy of zoledronic acid in these patients.


METHODS
The authors conducted a prospective, multicenter, open-label, phase 3, randomized trial comparing the administration of zoledronic acid versus simple observation in patients with AM. One-hundred sixty-three patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to receive zoledronic acid (n = 81 patients) or not to receive zoledronic acid (n = 82 patients) for 1 year at a dose of 4 mg monthly as a single, 15-minute, intravenous infusion.


RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 64.7 person-months, 44.4% of patients in the zoledronic acid group and 45.1% of the control group progressed to 'symptomatic' myeloma requiring chemotherapy (P = .9307). The median time to progression was 67 months and 59 months for the treatment and control groups, respectively (P = .8312). At progression, SREs were significantly lower in the zoledronic acid-treated group (55.5%) than in the control group (78.3%; P = .041), whereas anemia, renal failure, and extramedullary disease were not statistically different. More frequent adverse events observed in the zoledronic acid-treated group were asymptomatic hypocalcemia and fever. One patient developed reversible osteonecrosis of the jaw. No renal failure caused by zoledronic acid was reported.


CONCLUSIONS
The monthly use of zoledronic acid for 1 year in patients with AM reduced the development of SREs at progression but did not influence the natural history of the disease.
Musto
Pellegrino
P
Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, IRCCS-Oncology Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (Pz), Italy. p.musto@crob.it
Petrucci
Maria Teresa
MT
Bringhen
Sara
S
Guglielmelli
Tommasina
T
Caravita
Tommaso
T
Bongarzoni
Velia
V
Andriani
Alessandro
A
D'Arena
Giovanni
G
Balleari
Enrico
E
Pietrantuono
Giuseppe
G
Boccadoro
Mario
M
Palumbo
Antonio
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid