title: The efficacy and selectivity of tumor cell killing by Akt inhibitors are substantially increased by chloroquine.
abstract: This study was to evaluate the enhancement value of chloroquine (CQ) in cancer cell killing when used in combination with Akt inhibitors. The results showed that the combination of CQ and Akt inhibitors is much more effective than either one alone. Importantly, the CQ-mediated chemosensitization of cell killing effects by Akt inhibitors is cancer specific. In particular, when combined with 10 microM CQ, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-((4-(6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-7-yl)phenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (an Akt1 and 2 inhibitor; compound 8) killed cancer cells 10-120 times more effectively than normal cells. Thus, CQ is a very effective and cancer-specific chemosensitizer when used in combination with Akt inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Biology Group, Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre, The Sudbury Regional Hospital, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ont., Canada P3E 5J1.
authors.forename: Changkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: V Raja
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ulibarri
authors.forename: Hoyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C532657:1,3-dihydro-1-(1-((4-(6-phenyl-1H-imidazo(4,5-g)quinoxalin-7-yl)phenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011810:Quinoxalines; D002738:Chloroquine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt