title: Definition of non-responders: biological markers.
abstract: Identification of reliable biomarkers in multiple sclerosis patients would be highly desirable to help disease activity and progression monitoring, and evaluate response to treatments. The field has gradually shifted from the aim to find the perfect surrogate marker to the construction of composite markers with higher performances, taking advantage of the technologies allowing unbiased screening (i.e., microarrays, proteomics, etc.). Despite the fact that very interesting results have been produced, no approach has yet made it to the patient's bedside.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit-Dibit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy. furlan.roberto@hsr.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger