title: Quantum nature of photon signal emitted by Xanthoria parietina and its implications to biology.
abstract: The properties of living systems are usually described in the semi-classical framework that makes phenomenological division of properties into four classes--matter, psyche, soft consciousness and hard consciousness. Quantum framework provides a scientific basis of this classification of properties. The scientific basis requires the existence of macroscopic quantum entity entangled with quantum photon field of a living system. Every living system emits a photon signal with features indicating its quantum nature. Quantum nature of the signal emitted by a sample of X. parietina is confirmed by analysing photo count distributions obtained in 20000 measurements of photon number in contiguous bins of sizes of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 ms. The measurements use a broadband detector sensitive in 300-800 nm range (Photo count distributions of background noise and observed signal are measured similarly. These measurements background noise corrected squeezed state parameters of the signal. The parameters are signal strength expressed in counts per bin, r = 0.06, theta = 2.76 and phi = 0.64. The parameters correctly reproduce photo count distribution of any bin size in 50 ms-6 s range. The reproduction of photo count distributions is a credible evidence of spontaneous emission of photon signal in a quantum squeezed state for macroscopic time by the sample. The evidence is extrapolated to other living systems emitting similar photon signals. It is suggested that every living system is associated with a photon field in squeezed state. The suggestion has far reaching implications to biology and provides two ways of observing and manipulating a living system--either through matter or field or a combination of the two. Some implications and possible scenarios are elaborated.
authors.affiliation: Sophisticated Analytical Instruments Facility, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India. rpbajpai@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bajpai
mesh_terms: D001695:Biology / Q000379:methods*; D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D008011:Lichens / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D017785:Photons; D011336:Probability; D011789:Quantum Theory; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D049490:Systems Biology; D014159:Transducers