title: Dissection of coactivator requirement at RNR3 reveals unexpected contributions from TFIID and SAGA.
abstract: The gene encoding ribonucleotide reductase 3 (RNR3) is strongly induced in response to DNA damage. Its expression is strictly dependent upon the TAF(II) subunits of TFIID, which are required for the recruitment of SWI/SNF and nucleosome remodeling. However, full activation of RNR3 also requires GCN5, the catalytic subunit of the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex. Thus, RNR3 is dependent upon both TFIID and SAGA, two complexes that deliver TATA-binding protein (TBP) to promoters. Furthermore, unlike the majority of TFIID-dominated genes, RNR3 contains a consensus TATA-box, a feature of SAGA-regulated core promoters. Although a large fraction of the genome can be characterized as either TFIID- or SAGA-dominant, it is expected that many genes utilize both. The mechanism of activation and the relative contributions of SAGA and TFIID at genes regulated by both complexes have not been examined. Here we delineated the role of SAGA in the regulation of RNR3 and contrast it to that of TFIID. We find that SAGA components fulfill distinct functions in the regulation of RNR3. The core promoter of RNR3 is SAGA-dependent, and we provide evidence that SAGA, not TAF(II)s within TFIID, are largely responsible for TBP recruitment. This taken together with our previous work provides evidence that SAGA recruits TBP, whereas TFIID mediates chromatin remodeling. Thus, we described an unexpected shift in the division of labor between these two complexes and provide the first characterization of a gene that requires both SAGA and TFIID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
authors.forename: Hesheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kruk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802. Electronic address: Jcr8@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reese
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000502:physiology*; D016681:Genome, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; C507785:SAGA complex, S cerevisiae; C115017:SPT15 protein, S cerevisiae; C072981:SWI3 protein, S cerevisiae; C087176:TAF2 protein, S cerevisiae; C517042:RNR3 protein, S cerevisiae; C501392:GCN5 protein, S cerevisiae; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor