title: Association between -174 G/C promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene and progression of prostate cancer in North Indian population.
abstract: The cellular alterations that give rise to cancer initiate changes in cytokine expression. Though IL-6 is known to play a major role in proliferation of tumor cells, IL-4 upregulates androgen receptors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the association of IL-4 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms for the susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa) risk. Our study included 200 controls and 200 histologically confirmed cases of PCa. Polymorphisms in IL-4 (intron 3, by VNTR analysis) and IL-6 (-174 G/C, by amplification refractory mutation system, i.e., ARMS-PCR) were genotyped in all the subjects. There was no significant association of IL-4 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms with the risk of PCa. Nevertheless, twofold risk with progression to bone metastasis (odds ratio = 2.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.16-3.75; p = 0.014) in PCa patients was observed. No association with other confounding factors such as PSA level, Gleason score, and lifestyle-associated risk factors like tobacco chewing and cigarette smoking was seen. Our study suggests that an IL-6 gene variant may be associated with prostate progression and bone metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Pravin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kesarwani
authors.forename: Dinesh Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ahirwar
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.forename: Rama Devi
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D015847:Interleukin-4