title: Diacylglycerol kinase zeta is associated with chromatin, but dissociates from condensed chromatin during mitotic phase in NIH3T3 cells.
abstract: Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) converts diacylglycerol (DG) to phosphatidic acid, both of which act as second messengers to mediate a variety of cellular mechanisms. Therefore, DGK contributes to the regulation of these messengers in cellular signal transduction. Of DGK isozymes cloned, DGKzeta is characterized by a nuclear localization signal that overlaps with a sequence similar to the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate. Previous studies showed that nuclear DG is differentially regulated from plasma membrane DG and that the nuclear DG levels fluctuate in correlation with cell cycle progression, suggesting the importance of nuclear DG in cell cycle control. In this connection, DGKzeta has been shown to localize to the nucleus in fully differentiated cells, such as neurons and lung cells, although it remains elusive how DGK behaves during the cell cycle in proliferating cells. Here we demonstrate that DGKzeta localizes to the nucleus during interphase including G1, S, and G2 phases and is associated with chromatin although it dissociates from condensed chromatin during mitotic phase in NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, this localization pattern is also observed in proliferating spermatogonia in the testis. These results suggest a reversible association of DGKzeta with histone or its related proteins in cell cycle, plausibly dependent on their post-translational modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Yasukazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hozumi
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Hisatake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Alberto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; C512480:diacylglycerol kinase zeta, mouse