title: Health service interventions targeting relatives of heart patients: a review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relatives of heart patients experience anxiety, uncertainty, and low quality of life, and the hospitalization of a heart patient is associated with increased risk of death for the partner. Relatives' physical and mental problems may be rectified by activities established by the health services to support relatives and to enable them to handle the situation. This study systematically reviewed the literature on the latest health service interventions targeting relatives of heart patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature about interventions targeting relatives of heart patients has been systematically reviewed to clarify what the health services do for relatives of heart patients and to assess the effects of interventions. We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL database, CSA and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to March 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only six scientific articles reported on interventions testing health service activities for relatives of heart patients, and one literature review scrutinized earlier studies within the field. All the interventions indicate positive effects on patients' and/or relatives' health and well-being, in accordance with nurses' assessments. Nevertheless, the few studies and their questionable quality means that full evidence on the effects of the interventions is lacking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research should clarify the evidence for health service interventions and draw up guidelines for activities for the relatives of heart patients.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark. nkn@si-folkesundhed.dk
authors.forename: Nina Konstantin
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Ann-Dorthe
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Olsen Zwisler
mesh_terms: D016507:Cardiology Service, Hospital; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003376:Counseling; D003718:Denmark; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires