title: A hybrid system for upper limb movement restoration in quadriplegics.
abstract: Generally, quadriplegic individuals have difficulties performing object manipulation. Toward satisfactory manipulation, reach and grasp movements must be performed with voluntary control, and for that, grasp force feedback is essential. A hybrid system aiming at partial upper limb sensory-motor restoration for quadriplegics was built. Such device is composed of an elbow dynamic orthosis that provides elbow flexion/extension (range was approximately from 20 degrees to 120 degrees , and average angular speed was approximately 15 degrees /s) with forearm support, a wrist static orthosis and neuromuscular electrical stimulation for grasping generation, and a glove with force sensors that allows grasping force feedback. The glove presents two user interface modes: visual by light emitting diodes or audio emitted by buzzer. Voice control of the entire system (elbow dynamic orthosis and electrical stimulator) is performed by the patient. The movements provided by the hybrid system, combined with the scapular and shoulder movements performed by the patient, can aid quadriplegic individuals in tasks that involve reach and grasp movements.
authors.affiliation: Biocybernetics & Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory (LABCIBER), Electrical Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varoto
authors.forename: Elisa Signoreto
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barbarini
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cliquet
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D004550:Elbow / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000628:therapy*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D014953:Wrist / Q000502:physiology