title: The requirement of reactive oxygen intermediates for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus binding and growth.
abstract: Multiple viruses induce reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) generation during infection that plays an important role in growth. We have examined the importance of ROI during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of immortalized BHK-21 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Within 15 min of virus addition, intracellular ROI levels increased. To examine the contribution of ROI to LCMV infection, cells were pretreated with antioxidant prior to virus addition. Antioxidant treatment inhibited low and high MOI growth of virus. The requirement for ROI was greatest during the initial phase of infection, as antioxidant treatment after 6 h post infection had a weaker inhibitory effect. Furthermore, antioxidant treatment of cells inhibited virus binding, while treatment of virus stocks with N-ethyl malemide, which blocks free thiols, eliminated infectious virus. This illustrates that ROI are critical to the regulation of virus binding and growth and has important implications for understanding the infectivity of related viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Michalek
authors.forename: S Troy
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Pellom
authors.forename: Beth C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grayson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; C517163:manganese(III) tetrakis(5,10,15,20-benzoic acid)porphyrin; C042986:ebselen; D005033:Ethylmaleimide