State of the art in developmental toxicity screening methods and a way forward: a meeting report addressing embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish.
A meeting was convened so that users of three models for in vitro developmental toxicity (embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish) could share their experiences with each model, and explore the areas for improvement. We present a summary of this meeting and the recommendations of the group.
Chapin
Robert
R
Pfizer Global R&D, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Group, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA. robert.e.chapin@pfizer.com
Augustine-Rauch
Karen
K
Beyer
Bruce
B
Daston
George
G
Finnell
Richard
R
Flynn
Thomas
T
Hunter
Sidney
S
Mirkes
Phillip
P
O'Shea
K Sue
KS
Piersma
Aldert
A
Sandler
David
D
Vanparys
Philippe
P
Van Maele-Fabry
Geneviève
G
D000818:Animals; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*