title: Effect of PETTLEP imagery training on performance of nursing skills: pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article is a report of a study to evaluate the effect of PETTLEP-based imagery training on nursing skill performance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Imagery structuring has been demonstrated to facilitate the development of psychomotor skills in sporting performance. A form of imagery structuring known as PETTLEP was employed in this study. PETTLEP (an acronym for its procedures) involves preparation through focussing on physical characteristics, the environment, the task itself, timing, learning, emotion and perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pilot study was conducted, using experimental design, and the data were collected in 2005. Participants in the experiment were 56 pre-registration students from one university in the United Kingdom. Half of the students received training for two basic nursing skills using PETTLEP procedures, and scores were compared for two objective structured clinical examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students who received PETTLEP training for blood pressure measurement performed statistically significantly better than those who did not (F = 4.62 P = <0.05). The training did not have a statistically significant effect for aseptic techniques. We suggest that the psychomotor element in aseptic techniques was not as important as that involved in blood pressure measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PETTLEP imagery should be explored further as a method to help nursing students acquire skills that have a psychomotor component.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Chester, UK. caroline.wright@chester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogard
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Conleth
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013338:Students, Nursing