title: Perifosine inhibits growth of human experimental endometrial cancers by blockade of AKT phosphorylation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perifosine is an orally active alkylphospholipid analog, which has shown anti-tumor activity in a variety of cancers by inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate its efficacy in in vitro models of human endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of 10microM and 40microM perifosine on AKT phophorylation in human endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and HEC 1A was determined by Western blotting. To screen for a putative anti-tumor effect, HEC 1A and Ishikawa cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of perifosine for 24h, 48h and 72h and the number of viable cells was determined by crystal violet staining. Also the effect of a combined treatment with cisplatin and perifosine was investigated in Ishikawa cells. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content was used to determine the effect of perifosine on the cell cycle distribution of HEC 1A and Ishikawa cells and to assess potential toxic side effects of perifosine on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  AKT phosphorylation was dose-dependently inhibited by perifosine. Concomitantly, perifosine displayed anti-tumor activity in both cell lines at concentrations that showed no effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Growth inhibitory effects became more pronounced with increasing treatment time. While IC 50 values at 24h were >40microM, IC 50 values after 48h were approximately 7microM in Ishikawa and 25microM in HEC 1A cells. After 72h, the IC 50 was below 1.25microM for Ishikawa and about 6microM for HEC 1A cells. Perifosine cotreatment substantially increased cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in human Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells. Of note, the anti-tumor activity of perifosine was not confined to a specific phase of the cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small molecule AKT inhibitor perifosine showed substantial anti-tumor activity in human endometrial cancer cell lines. Since these effects were increased with cisplatin, perifosine seems to be a good candidate for treatment combinations with classical cytostatic compounds. Thus, perifosine should be further evaluated in clinical studies in endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsfrauenklinik Würzburg, Germany. joergbengel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jörg B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honig
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schönhals
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weidler
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Häusler
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krockenberger
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Grunewald
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dombrowski
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietl
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wischhusen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C105905:perifosine; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D002945:Cisplatin