title: Specific and dynamic detection of palytoxins by in vitro microplate assay with human neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: Palytoxin is one of the most complex and biggest molecules known to show extreme acute toxicity. The dinoflagellate Ostreopsis spp., the producer organism of palytoxin, has been shown to be distributed worldwide, thus making palytoxin an emerging toxin. Rat-derived hepatocytes (Clone 9) and BE (2)-M17 human neuroblastoma cells were used to test palytoxin or palytoxin-like compounds by measuring the cell metabolic rate with Alamar Blue. The dose-dependent decrease in viability was specifically inhibited by ouabain in the case of BE (2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells. This is a functional, dynamic and simple test for palytoxins with high sensitivity (as low as 0.2 ng/ml). This method was useful for toxin detection in Ostreopsis extracts and naturally contaminated mussel samples. A comparative study testing toxic mussel extracts by LC (liquid chromatography)-MS/MS (tandem MS), MBA (mouse bioassay), haemolysis neutralization assay and a cytotoxicity test indicated that our method is suitable for the routine determination and monitoring of palytoxins and palytoxin-like compounds.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Espiña
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cagide
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Louzao
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Mercedes R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vieytes
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Katikou
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaen
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Botana
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; C010272:palytoxin; D000095702:Polyether Toxins