title: Detecting and monitoring human leukocyte antigen-specific antibodies.
abstract: Renewed awareness of the relevance of HLA-specific antibodies to transplantation and the development of protocols to reduce or eliminate sensitization have made monitoring of antibodies and accurate interpretation of test results increasingly important. Here we review the various tests available and provide guidelines for the development of monitoring protocols.
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. aaz@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zachary
authors.forename: M Sue
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Leffell
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015166:Monitoring, Immunologic; D016377:Organ Transplantation
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006680:HLA Antigens