title: Gastric emptying for liquids and solids after distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although distal gastrectomy followed by Billroth-I reconstruction has been a standard surgical procedure for over 100 years, gastric emptying of liquid and solids after this procedure remains poorly understood, despite its contribution to postgastrectomy complications such as dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis. A simple way to standardize measurement and generate normal values is needed. This study proposed a new, accurate and easy method, "dual phase method", for gastric emptying after distal gastrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liquid- and solid-phase gastric emptying were measured using a combined test consisting of acetaminophen and sulfamethizole capsule ingestion, respectively. Data from 12 patients (B-I group) who had undergone distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection and truncal vagotomy followed by Billroth-I reconstruction were compared with those from 14 healthy volunteers (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance) demonstrated a highly significant difference in the sequential changes in the serum acetaminophen concentration after ingestion between the two groups (p<0.0001). On the other hand, the sequential changes in the serum sulfamethizole concentration after ingestion was similar in the two groups (p=0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric emptying of liquids is rapid after distal gastrectomy followed by Billroth-I reconstruction. However, emptying of solids is unchanged. The data obtained in this study can be a point of reference for comparing gastric emptying following gastrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nimura
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D005763:Gastroenterostomy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013419:Sulfamethizole / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015167:Vagotomy, Truncal
chemical_list: D013419:Sulfamethizole; D000082:Acetaminophen