title: Beneficial effects of carnosic acid on dieldrin-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death.
abstract: Carnosic acid (CA) is one of the bioactive polyphenols present in extracts of the herb rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). In this study, we examined possible protective effects of CA on neurotoxicity induced by dieldrin, an organochlorine pesticide implicated in sporadic Parkinson's disease, in cultured dopaminergic cells (SN4741). CA (5-10 muM) pretreatment showed potent protective effects in a concentration-related manner and prevented dieldrin (10 muM)-induced caspase-3 activation, Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, and caspase-12 activation. Furthermore, dieldrin-induced downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production was significantly attenuated by CA. These results suggest that CA may safeguard dopaminergic neuronal cells from environmental neurotoxins by enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor and repressing apoptotic molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology (BK21 Program), College of Dentistry (BK21 Program), Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sook-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chun-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015151:Immunoblotting; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D000975:Antioxidants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D010936:Plant Extracts; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D053454:Caspase 12; D053148:Caspase 3; D004026:Dieldrin; C018381:salvin; D004298:Dopamine