Clinical microsystems, part 1. The building blocks of health systems.
BACKGROUND
Wherever, however, and whenever health care is delivered-no matter the setting or population of patients-the body of knowledge on clinical microsystems can guide and support innovation and peak performance. Many health care leaders and staff at all levels of their organizations in many countries have adapted microsystem knowledge to their local settings.
A PANORAMIC VIEW: HOW DO CLINICAL MICROSYSTEMS FIT TOGETHER? As the patient's journey of care seeking and care delivery takes place over time, he or she will move into and out of an assortment of clinical microsystems, such as a family practitioner's office, an emergency department, and an intensive care unit. This assortment of clinical microsystems-combined with the patient's own actions to improve or maintain health--can be viewed as the patient's unique health system. This patient-centric view of a health system is the foundation of second-generation development for clinical microsystems.
These lessons, which are not comprehensive, can be organized under the familiar commands that are used to start a race: On Your Mark, Get Set, Go! ... with a fourth category added-Reflect: Reviewing the Race. These insights are intended as guidance to organizations ready to strategically transform themselves.


CONCLUSIONS
Beginning to master and make use of microsystem principles and methods to attain macrosystem peak performance can help us knit together care in a fragmented health system, eschew archipelago building in favor of nation-building strategies, achieve safe and efficient care with reliable handoffs, and provide the best possible care and attain the best possible health outcomes.
Nelson
Eugene C
EC
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. Eugene.C.Nelson@Hitchcock.org
Godfrey
Marjorie M
MM
Batalden
Paul B
PB
Berry
Scott A
SA
Bothe
Albert E
AE
McKinley
Karen E
KE
Melin
Craig N
CN
Muething
Stephen E
SE
Moore
L Gordon
LG
Wasson
John H
JH
Nolan
Thomas W
TW
D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care