title: Glutamine supplementation increases Th1-cytokine responses in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
abstract: Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are major effector cells in the gut mucosal immune system, and are phenotypically distinct from thymic and peripheral T cells. Although nutritional supplementation with glutamine affects the intestinal immune response, it remains unclear whether this is a direct effect via the IEL-derived cytokines. This study examined changes in IEL-derived cytokine production following treatment with glutamine in vitro. Murine IELs were purified and activated with PMA plus ionomycin, and then cultured in the presence of various glutamine concentrations. IEL-derived cytokines were measured using a cytometric bead array (CBA) system, and IEL subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Treatment with glutamine increased the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma from IELs in the presence of PMA plus ionomycin, but had no effect on TNFalpha, IL-4, or IL-5 production. Treatment with alanine or glucose had no regulatory effect on IEL-derived cytokines. Glutamine therefore had a direct effect on the production of selected IEL-derived Th1-cytokines, and enteral supplementation with glutamine may influence the intestinal immune responses mediated by IELs.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takagaki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: Mutsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikuma
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D005973:Glutamine; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005947:Glucose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000409:Alanine