title: Loneliness in infancy: Harry Harlow, John Bowlby and issues of separation.
abstract: In this contribution, the authors give an overview of the different studies on the effect of separation and deprivation that drew the attention of many in the 1940s and 1950s. Both Harlow and Bowlby were exposed to and influenced by these different studies on the so called 'hospitalization' effect. The work of Bakwin, Goldfarb, Spitz, and others is discussed and attention is drawn to films that were used to support new ideas on the effects of maternal deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300RB, Leiden, The Netherlands. fhorst@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: Frank C P
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Veer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002674:Child, Institutionalized / Q000266:history*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007207:Individuation; D007223:Infant; D008132:Loneliness; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009769:Object Attachment; D002666:Psychology, Child / Q000266:history*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States