title: Expression profile of the S100 gene family members in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several of the S100 gene members have been reported to be differentially expressed in many human pathological conditions, in particular, the malignancies. Identification and quantification of the differentially expressed S100 gene members in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) might facilitate their use as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers or targets for therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  we examined the expression profile of 16 members of the S100 gene family at the mRNA level by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (sRT-PCR) in 27 cases of OSCCs/their pair-wised normal controls obtained from Sudanese patients, and confirmed the sRT-PCR results by performing quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for 6 of the 16 genes examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With sRT-PCR, 4 (25%; S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, S100A14) out of the 16 S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) in the tumors compared to the normal controls. None of the S100 gene members examined were found to be significantly up-regulated in the tumors. qRT-PCR results confirmed the significant down-regulation of the S100A4, S100A6, and S100A14 genes in the tumors examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S100 gene family members might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the OSCCs examined. Findings of the present work warrant in-depth studies of the S100 gene family members, in particular, the S100A4, S100A6, S100A8, and S100A14 to further understand their possible role(s) in OSCC tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Dipak.Sapkota@odfa.uib.no
authors.forename: Dipak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sapkota
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bruland
authors.forename: Olav E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Bøe
authors.forename: Hala
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bakeer
authors.forename: Osman A A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Elgindi
authors.forename: Endre N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Vasstrand
authors.forename: Salah O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013397:Sudan; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009418:S100 Proteins