title: [Hermann Senator (1834--1911). A clinical all-rounder with a special interest in rheumatology].
abstract: Differentiation of the so-called rheumatic diseases according to scientific principles started in France and England in the 17th century, reaching a high-point in the 19th century. In Germany, it was the pathological anatomists and surgeons who first gave their attention to diseases of the musculoskeletal system. In 1875, Hermann Senator was the first German specialist in internal medicine to describe this field in the Handbook of special pathology and therapy. Later, he repeatedly gave his attention to rheumatic diseases, in particular their therapy. In principle, he was one of the last all-rounders insofar as he wrote monographs, handbook contributions, as well as many individual works on all areas of internal medicine, including neurology and pediatrics. Although he was head of various departments and clinics at the Charité in Berlin and a widely renowned physician with a reputation as one of the best professors, he was never awarded the title of full professor. The reason for this? He was Jewish!
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008374:Manuscripts, Medical as Topic / Q000266:history*; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000266:history*