title: Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis: substudy of a randomized double-blind trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive candidiasis is increasingly prevalent in premature infants and seriously ill children, and pediatric data on available antifungal therapies are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a pediatric substudy as part of a double-blind, randomized, multinational trial to compare micafungin (2 mg/kg) with liposomal amphotericin B (3 mg/kg) as first-line treatment of invasive candidiasis. Treatment success was defined as clinical and mycologic response at the end of therapy. Statistical analyses were descriptive, as the sample size meant that the study was not powered for hypothesis testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred six patients were included in the intent-to-treat population; and 98 patients-48 patients in the micafungin group and 50 patients in the liposomal amphotericin B group-in the modified intent-to-treat population. Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment groups. Overall, 57 patients were <2 years old including 19 patients who were premature at birth; and 41 patients were 2 to <16 years old. Most patients (91/98, 92.9%) had candidemia, and 7/98 (7.1%) patients had other forms of invasive candidiasis. Treatment success was observed for 35/48 (72.9%) patients treated with micafungin and 38/50 (76.0%) patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B. The difference in proportions adjusted for neutropenic status was -2.4% [95% CI: (-20.1 to 15.3)]. Efficacy findings were consistent, independent of the neutropenic status, the age of the patient, and whether the patient was premature at birth. Both treatments were well tolerated, but with a lower incidence of adverse events that led to discontinuation in the micafungin group (2/52, 3.8%) compared with the liposomal amphotericin B group (9/54, 16.7%) (P = 0.05, Fisher exact test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Micafungin seems to be similarly effective and as safe as liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of invasive candidiasis in pediatric patients. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00106288).
authors.affiliation: Hosp de Clinica, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Queiroz-Telles
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berezin
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leverger
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.forename: Annalie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Vyver
authors.forename: Tawee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chotpitayasunondh
authors.forename: Josip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konja
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Diekmann-Berndt
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koblinger
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Groll
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arrieta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D054714:Echinocandins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077551:Micafungin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000077551:Micafungin