title: Aging and cancer-related loss of insulin-like growth factor 2 imprinting in the mouse and human prostate.
abstract: Loss of imprinting (LOI) is an epigenetic alteration involving loss of parental origin-specific expression at normally imprinted genes. A LOI for Igf2, a paracrine growth factor, is important in cancer progression. Epigenetic modifications may be altered by environmental factors. However, is not known whether changes in imprinting occur with aging in prostate and other tissues susceptible to cancer development. We found a LOI for Igf2 occurs specifically in the mouse prostate associated with increased Igf2 expression during aging. In older animals, expression of the chromatin insulator protein CTCF and its binding to the Igf2-H19 imprint control region was reduced. Forced down-regulation of CTCF leads to Igf2 LOI. We further show that Igf2 LOI occurs with aging in histologically normal human prostate tissues and that this epigenetic alteration was more extensive in men with associated cancer. This finding may contribute to a postulated field of cancer susceptibility that occurs with aging. Moreover, Igf2 LOI may serve as a marker for the presence of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian X
authors.initials: VX
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dobosy
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Desotelle
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almassi
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.forename: Rajini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berres
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svaren
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weindruch
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Jarrard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; C000619697:CTCF protein, human; C000619698:Ctcf protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II