title: Ultrasonographic examination of the scrotal content in the rabbit.
abstract: This study was performed to describe a practical technique for ultrasound examination of the scrotal content of the rabbit. The scrotal content of normal rabbits and those with induced lesions (i.e. needle biopsy of the testis and epididymal ligation) were viewed using a portable scanner connected to a 5 or 7.5 MHz real time, B-mode linear array transducer. The effect of frequency (5 and 7.5 MHz), pad material placed under the testicle (rubber, plastic and carton) and the presence of a water sack between the probe and organ were examined to optimize the technique. The best image quality was obtained using a 5-MHz probe when the testicle was fixed on a rubber pad and covered by a water sack. Testicular parenchyma was imaged as homogeneous and moderately echoic. Caput and cauda epididymis were identified as homogeneous and less echoic compared with the testis parenchyma. Variations in the testicular echotexture that occur secondarily to epididymal ligation and testis biopsy could be screened readily. In conclusion, real-time ultrasonography, performed as described in this study, may provide a valuable tool to screen scrotal contents and to identify certain pathological conditions that affect fertility in the rabbit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey. aksoym@tnn.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lehimcioğlu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozkan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D004822:Epididymis / Q000601:surgery; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011817:Rabbits / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*