The surface properties of nanocrystalline diamond and nanoparticulate diamond powder and their suitability as cell growth support surfaces.
Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films and nanoparticulate diamond powder (DP) are the two main representatives of diamond at the nanoscale. This study was designed to investigate the suitability of these biomaterials as cell growth supports and to determine surface characteristic properties best suited to cell attachment and proliferation. Surface topography, chemical termination and wetting properties of NCD- and DP-coated borosilicate glass substrates were correlated to attachment, proliferation and differentially regulated gene expression of human renal epithelial cells (HK-2 cell line) cultured on these surfaces. Hydrogen-terminated NCD (NCD-H) surfaces were shown to inhibit cell attachment, which indicates that the lack of functional polar groups prevents adherent cells from settling on a surface, whether nanostructured or not. In contrast to NCD-H, oxygen-terminated NCD (NCD-O) as well as DP surfaces demonstrated improved cell attachment, as compared to borosilicate glass, which is a commonly used material for cell growth supports. NCD-O not only revealed an increased cell attachment, but also a markedly increased proliferation rate. Finally, none of the investigated surface modifications appeared to cause adverse cellular reactions or markedly alter cellular phenotype.
Lechleitner
Thomas
T
Division of Physiology, Department for Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. thomas.lechleitner@i-med.ac.at
Klauser
Frederik
F
Seppi
Thomas
T
Lechner
Judith
J
Jennings
Paul
P
Perco
Paul
P
Mayer
Bernd
B
Steinmüller-Nethl
Doris
D
Preiner
Johannes
J
Hinterdorfer
Peter
P
Hermann
Martin
M
Bertel
Erminald
E
Pfaller
Kristian
K
Pfaller
Walter
W
D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003460:Crystallization; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011208:Powders; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013499:Surface Properties
D011208:Powders; D018130:Diamond