title: Smoking status as a potential confound in the BOLD response of patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies comparing schizophrenia patients and controls may have been confounded by the vascular effects of heavier long-term cigarette use in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to a simple sensorimotor task was compared between schizophrenia patient with a smoking history (mean 17 pack years) and carefully matched patient non-smokers and control non-smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group differences in activation magnitude and spatial extent were non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Typical smoking histories in schizophrenia patients do not significantly confound FMRI results in simple sensorimotor tasks when patient demographics are carefully controlled.
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States. lleyba@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leyba
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Randy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gollub
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen