Effect of artemisinins and amino alcohol partner antimalarials on mammalian sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase activity.
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of currently deployed antimalarials to inhibit mammalian sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA). Artemisinins exert their antiplasmodial action by inhibiting parasite PfATP6, a SERCA enzyme, and possess neurotoxic potential; mefloquine is neurotoxic and inhibits mammalian SERCA, an orthologue of PfATP6. SERCA in rabbit muscle was tested in vitro for inhibition by artemisinin and amino alcohol antimalarials. Significant inhibition of mammalian SERCA, as mean difference from uninhibited, control values was seen with both enantiomers of mefloquine: (+)-mefloquine (10 microM: -35.83, 95% CI -59.63 to -12.03; 50 microM: -54.06, 95% CI -77.86 to -30.26); (-)-mefloquine (10 microM: -24.35, 95% CI -41.56 to -7.15; 50 microM: -58.42, 95% CI -75.62 to -41.22); lumefantrine (1 microM: -25.46, 95% CI -45.82 to -5.10; 5 microM -34.83, 95% CI -60.08 to -9.58; 10 microM: -25.80, 95% CI -51.05 to -0.55); desbutyl-lumefantrine (5 microM: -50.16, 95% CI -84.24 to -16.08); dihydroartemisinin (1 microM: -39.25, 95% CI -63.74 to -14.76; 5 microM: -39.30, 95% CI -64.88 to -13.72). Dihydroartemisinin in higher concentrations (10 microM) stimulated SERCA activity: (+40.90, 95% CI 11.37 to 70.44). No statistically significant inhibition was seen with artemether at 1, 5 and 10 microM. Equimolar combinations of artemether and lumefantrine or of dihydroartemisinin and lumefantrine, when studied at concentrations that inhibit SERCA individually, failed to show any inhibition. Dihydroartemisinin, mefloquine, lumefantrine and desbutyl lumefantrine inhibit mammalian SERCA at periphysiological concentrations, although the neurotoxicity of mefloquine is not wholly attributable to this property. Candidate antimalarials should be screened pre-clinically for SERCA inhibition.
Toovey
Stephen
S
Academic Centre for Travel Medicine & Vaccines, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travel Medicine, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK. malaria@freesurf.ch
Bustamante
Leyla Y
LY
Uhlemann
Anne-Catrin
AC
East
J Malcolm
JM
Krishna
Sanjeev
S
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D015767:Mefloquine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D004983:Ethanolamines; D005449:Fluorenes; D007527:Isoenzymes; C435716:desbutylbenflumetol; C039060:artenimol; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D000078102:Lumefantrine; D015767:Mefloquine