title: Association of stress level with facial pain: the role of coping.
abstract: It has been noted that stress factors, including coping with stress, are involved in pain problems. The aim of the present study was, firstly, to investigate the association of stress level with facial pain, and secondly, to assess the influence of coping strategies on this association. The study was part of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 project. The original material consisted of all people born in 1966 in Northern Finland. Of these, 5,696 participated in a follow-up study at the age of 31. As part of the study, data on facial pain, stress level of the subjects (measured with three items from the Work Ability Index), coping strategies in stressful situations (measured using the Ways of Coping Checklist) and sociodemographic background data were collected using questionnaires in 1997-98. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using generalized linear models. After adjustment for gender, education, and work history, facial pain was associated with a high stress level (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7-3.0). When coping strategies were added to the model, the strength of the association did not change essentially. The results emphasize the role of psychological stress in the background of facial pain. The association is independent of the coping strategy of the individual.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. kirsi.sipila@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sipilä
authors.forename: Pekka V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Ylöstalo
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ek
authors.forename: Aune M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Raustia
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000145:classification; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology