title: Cingulate gyrus neuroanatomy in schizophrenia subjects and their non-psychotic siblings.
abstract: METHODS
  In vivo neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of decreases in the gray matter volume of the cingulate gyrus in subjects with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls. To investigate whether these changes might be related to heritable influences, we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and labeled cortical mantle distance mapping to measure gray matter volume, as well as thickness and the area of the gray/white interface, in the anterior and posterior segments of the cingulate gyrus in 28 subjects with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings, and in 38 healthy control subjects and their siblings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant effect of group status on posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) gray matter volume (p=0.02). Subjects with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings showed similar reductions of gray matter volume (approximately 10%) in the PCC compared to healthy control subjects and their siblings. In turn, trend level effects of group status were found for thickness (p=0.08) and surface area (p=0.11) of the PCC. In the combined group of schizophrenia subjects and their siblings, a direct correlation was observed between PCC gray matter volume and negative symptoms. However, the reduction in PCC gray matter volume in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings was proportionate to an overall reduction in whole cerebral volume, i.e., the effect of group on the volume of the PCC became non-significant when cerebral volume was included as a covariate (p=0.4). There was no significant effect of group on anterior cingulate cortex volume, thickness, or area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that decreases in the gray matter volume of the PCC occur in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings. The presence of such decreases in the non-psychotic siblings of schizophrenia subjects suggests that heritable factors may be involved in the development of cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Calabrese
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: J Tilak
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ratnanather
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
authors.forename: C Robert
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Csernansky
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D035781:Siblings; D055815:Young Adult