title: Socioeconomic and drug use determinants of smoking status in an urban adult population of Black African descent.
abstract: We examined the influence of socioeconomics and drug use on current smokers (N = 137) and nonsmokers (N = 143) from an urban adult population of Black African descent. Median participant age was 33 years (range = 20-59). Smokers consumed a median of eight cigarettes/day (range = 0-35). Interestingly, 86% smoked fewer than 15 cigarettes/day and only 8% smoked menthol cigarettes. Socioeconomic and drug use variables significantly associated with smoking status in univariate analyses were included in a multiple logistic regression model that controlled for gender and age. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers were less likely to be university educated, more likely to be divorced, separated, or widowed, more likely to be current alcohol users, and more likely to be current marijuana users. Unexpectedly, household income and employment status were not associated with smoking status. Among current alcohol users, smokers consumed three times the number of drinks per month that nonsmokers consumed (p<.001). Among current marijuana users, smokers consumed more than five times the number of joints per month that nonsmokers consumed (p<.001). Overall, lower education levels, divorce, and alcohol and marijuana use were significantly associated with increased likelihood of smoking among this population.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jill C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mwenifumbo
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Rachel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Tyndale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*