title: Optimal extent of lymph node dissection for T1 gastric cancer, with special reference to the distribution of micrometastasis, and accuracy of preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative diagnosis for wall invasion and lymph node metastasis is sometimes difficult in T1 gastric cancer. Optimum dissection extent of lymph nodes for T1 gastric cancer was studied from the aspect of subclassification of wall invasion and lymph node metastasis including micrometastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  184 patients with cT1 or pT1 gastric cancer were studied. The grade of clinical wall invasion (cT) and clinical lymph node status (cN) were diagnosed by endoscopy and computed tomography or intraoperative findings. Lymph node metastasis (pN) was studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 79 cM tumors, 60 (75.9%) were diagnosed as pM. In 88 cSM tumors, 42 (47.7%) were diagnosed as pSM. In 94 pM gastric cancers, micrometastases were found in two patients (2.1%) and in N1 stations. Two (1.9%) of 70 pSM cancers had micrometastasis in No. 7, 8a and 12a stations. Lymph node metastasis (pN) correlated significantly with the depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Regarding the pN2 stations, one (1.1%) of 94 pM tumors had lymph node metastasis in No.7 station, and 9 (12.9%) of 70 pSM tumors had nodal involvement in No.7, 8a, 11p, 12a and 14v stations. All eight pN+/cM tumors were diagnosed as nN0 and four (1.4%) of 23 pN+/cSM tumors were correctly diagnosed as pN+. In contrast, 8 (9.9%) of 81 cN0/cM tumors and 19 (24.1%) of 79 cN0/cSM tumors had histological lymph node metastasis (pN+).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is very low. Accordingly, prophylactic lymph node dissection is recommended even for cT1 and cN0 tumors. For cN0/cM cancer, D1+No.7 is recommended. D1+No.7, 8a, 9, 11p is recommended for cSM cancer, located in U or M region and additional dissection of No. 14v is recommended for cSM cancer located in L region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonemura
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bando
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Hyo-Yung
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameya
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007633:Keratins