title: [Prophylactic use of cardiac implantable defibrillators in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: how to deal with decision making among guidelines, clinical practice, ethical problems, and limited economic resources].
abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is usually due to ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation and represents one of the most important medical and socio-economical problems in western countries. It accounts for approximately 1 life/1000 subjects/year. New and effective treatments are necessary to reduce such dramatic event. During the last decade implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) showed to be an effective tool to reduce both total and SCD mortality either when used for secondary or primary SCD prevention. At present, ICD implantation guidelines suggest to implant an ICD in all the patients on the basis of a left ventricular ejection fraction < or =30-35% only. This scarcely sensitive and specific criterion implies the necessity to implant very costly devices in a wide number of patients to save only few lives. A more accurate patient selection is desirable either from a clinical or ethical or economic point of view. Fortunately, this appears to be possible using well known and proven epidemiological, clinical and risk stratification data. On the basis of such data, more selective ICD implantation criteria might be used in older patients or in patients with significant comorbidity or in those patients identified at very low risk of SCD.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Cardiologia, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, ASL 3 Genovese, Genova. massimo.zoniberisso@libero.it
authors.forename: Massimo Zoni
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Berisso
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canonero
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setti
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domenicucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003645:Death, Sudden / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*