title: Neuromagnetic evidence for early auditory restoration of fundamental pitch.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the time course of how listeners reconstruct a missing fundamental component in an auditory stimulus remains elusive. We report MEG evidence that the missing fundamental component of a complex auditory stimulus is recovered in auditory cortex within 100 ms post stimulus onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two outside tones of four-tone complex stimuli were held constant (1200 Hz and 2400 Hz), while two inside tones were systematically modulated (between 1300 Hz and 2300 Hz), such that the restored fundamental (also knows as "virtual pitch") changed from 100 Hz to 600 Hz. Constructing the auditory stimuli in this manner controls for a number of spectral properties known to modulate the neuromagnetic signal. The tone complex stimuli only diverged on the value of the missing fundamental component.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the M100 latencies of these tone complexes to the M100 latencies elicited by their respective pure tone (spectral pitch) counterparts. The M100 latencies for the tone complexes matched their pure sinusoid counterparts, while also replicating the M100 temporal latency response curve found in previous studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that listeners are reconstructing the inferred pitch by roughly 100 ms after stimulus onset and are consistent with previous electrophysiological research suggesting that the inferential pitch is perceived in early auditory cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Linguistics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America. pmonahan@umd.edu
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Idsardi
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008875:Middle Aged; D010897:Pitch Discrimination / Q000502:physiology*; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography