title: Effect of acute mucosal exposure to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on human colonic smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define whether human colonic mucosa exposure to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 53103, may influence intestinal muscle cell contractility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon specimens were obtained from disease-free margins of resected segments for cancer. The mucosa and submucosa, after dissection, were sealed between 2 chambers, with the luminal side of the mucosa facing upward and covered with 5 mL of Krebs solution and the submucosal side facing downward into 20 mL of Krebs solution. LGG or normal undernatant (N-undernatant) were added to the luminal side of the mucosa for 30 minutes. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs), isolated from the circular muscle layer, were exposed to undernatant for 30 minutes from the submucosal chamber of mucosa that was either preexposed to N-undernatant or to LGG (36 x 10(-9) colony forming units/mL) (LGG-undernatant). Acetylcholine (Ach) dose-response was obtained for SMCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SMCs exposed to N-undernatant presented a dose-response to Ach (maximal contraction: 32%+/-5% with 1-muM Ach) that is similar to unstimulated SMCs. Exposure to LGG-undernatant resulted both in an 18%+/-3% cell shortening and a 78%+/-7% inhibition of maximal Ach-induced contraction. When SMCs were directly exposed to LGG, a significant impairment of contraction (70%+/-5%, compared with control cells) and a dose-dependent and time-dependent shortening were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After acute exposure of colonic mucosa to LGG, a significant shortening of SMCs is observed that possibly contributes to the reduced contractile response to Ach. Further studies are needed to establish the mechanisms of this effect that could account for the clinical efficacy of probiotics in intestinal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Diseases, Campus Biomedico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, Rome, Italy. m.guarino@unicampus.it
authors.forename: Michele Pier Luca
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altomare
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stasi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marignani
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alloni
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dicuonzo
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicala
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D052201:Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology