title: Lubricin surface modification improves tendon gliding after tendon repair in a canine model in vitro.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of lubricin on the gliding of repaired flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons in vitro. Canine FDP tendons were completely lacerated, repaired with a modified Pennington technique, and treated with one of the following solutions: saline, carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/hyaluronic acid (cd-HA-gelatin), carbodiimide derivatized gelatin to which lubricin was added in a second step (cd-gelatin + lubricin), or carbodiimide derivatized gelatin/HA + lubricin (cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin). After treatment, gliding resistance was measured up to 1,000 cycles of simulated flexion/extension motion. The increase in average and peak gliding resistance in cd-HA-gelatin, cd-gelatin + lubricin, and cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin tendons was less than the control tendons after 1,000 cycles (p < 0.05). The increase in average gliding resistance of cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin treated tendons was also less than that of the cd-HA-gelatin treated tendons (p < 0.05). The surfaces of the repaired tendons and associated pulleys were assessed qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy and appeared smooth after 1,000 cycles of tendon motion for the cd-HA-gelatin, cd-gelatin + lubricin, and cd-HA-gelatin + lubricin treated tendons, while that of the saline control appeared roughened. These results suggest that tendon surface modification can improve tendon gliding ability, with a trend suggesting that lubricin fixed on the repaired tendon may provide additional improvement over that provided by HA and gelatin alone.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Zobitz
authors.forename: Chung-Ja
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.forename: Kai-Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Amadio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002234:Carbodiimides; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017276:Friction / Q000187:drug effects; D005780:Gelatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000099158:Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D002234:Carbodiimides; D005780:Gelatin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D000099158:Proteoglycan 4