title: Genetic association of IL-10 gene promoter polymorphism and HIV-1 infection in North Indians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines play a significant role in host immune defense. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory cytokine that can both stimulate and suppress the immune response and inhibits HIV-1 replication in vivo. Interindividual variations in IL-10 production were genetically contributed to polymorphisms within IL-10 promoter region.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-10 gene promoter -1082 G/A, -819 C/T, and 592 C/A polymorphism on HIV-1 transmission /progression in North Indian individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 HIV-1 seropositive (HSP) stratified on the basis of disease severity (stage I, II, and III), 50 HIV-1 exposed seronegative (HES) and 305 HIV-1 seronegative (HSN) individuals were genotyped for IL-10 gene promoter by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. A suggestive evidence of association was obtained for IL-10 592 C/A promoter polymorphism at the level of allele and genotype distribution. The frequency of IL-10 592 A allele and genotype was significantly increased in HSP compared to HSN (p = 0.013; OR = 1.412 and p = 0.034; OR = 1.685 respectively). Further comparison in between different clinical stages of HIV-1 infected patients of IL-10 592 A allele and genotype revealed a significant increase in its frequency in the stage III compared with those together in stage I (p = 0.004, OR = 2.181 and p = 0.002, OR = 4.156, respectively). This study reports for the first time that IL-10 gene promoter 592 C/A polymorphism may be a risk factor for HIV-1 transmission/progression in HIV-1 infected North Indian individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebarelli Road, Lucknow, 226014, India.
authors.forename: Animesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rathore
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sivarama
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tapan N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Dhole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10