title: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the different components of epicuticular waxes of olive fruit (Olea europaea) Dritta cultivar.
abstract: (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was applied to determine the different components of apolar and polar fractions which were isolated by column chromatography from the crude chloroform-soluble waxes of olive fruits (Olea europaea) Dritta cultivar. (13)C NMR enabled the determination in the wax apolar fraction, of aliphatic aldehydes, and of benzyl, alkyl and glyceryl esters. In particular, the fatty acid composition of alkyl esters, comprising saturated and unsaturated oleic and linoleic acids, was determined. Acyl chain composition and the chain composition of 1,3- and 2-glycerol positions were also determined for triacylglycerols of olive fruit waxes. Oleanolic and maslinic acids were confirmed to be the major components of wax polar fraction. Complete assignments of (13)C NMR chemical shifts of oleanolic and maslinic acids as a mixture were achieved by using homonuclear correlation spectroscopy with gradient (g-COSY), attached proton test (APT), inverse-detected heteronuclear single-quantum coherence with gradient (g-HSQC), high-resolution heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (HETCOR) for C-H directly attached pairs and C-H long-range-coupled experiments.
authors.affiliation: CRA-Centro per l'Olivicoltura e l'Industria Olearia, Sede Scientifica di Città S. Angelo, Viale Petruzzi n. 75, 65013 Città S. Angelo (PE), Italy. g.vlahov@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Re
authors.forename: Angela Alessia
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Giuliani
mesh_terms: D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014885:Waxes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014885:Waxes