title: Revision septoplasty: review of sources of persistent nasal obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with nasal obstruction from septal deviation commonly undergo septoplasty to improve nasal airflow. Some patients suffer from persistent obstruction after their primary septoplasty and may undergo a revision septoplasty to improve their nasal passageway. Our objective was to identify patients who underwent revision septoplasty and to identify their sources of persistent nasal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent septoplasty at our institution between 1995 and 2005 were reviewed. Data is collected on demographics, comorbidities, age at septoplasty, associated and concomitant procedures, surgical approach, and anatomic site of obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria including 477 who underwent primary septoplasty and 70 who underwent revision surgery. Nineteen percent of nonrevision patients underwent nasal valve surgery along with their primary septoplasty versus 4% of patients in the revision group. Fifty-one percent of revision patients had nasal valve surgery at revision surgery. Patients who underwent sinus surgery along with primary septoplasty were less likely to undergo revision septoplasty. History of facial trauma, obstructive sleep apnea, site of deviation, and performance of inferior turbinate surgery did not affect the likelihood of revision septoplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant number of patients who undergo revision septoplasty also have nasal valve collapse. We recommend that in addition to septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy, nasal valve function be fully evaluated before performing septoplasty. This will help to ensure a complete understanding of a patient's nasal airway obstruction and, consequently, appropriate and effective surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800713, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. sambecker6@gmail.com
authors.forename: Samuel S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dobratz
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stowell
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome