title: Safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is probably underestimated because of the increasing spread of this virus worldwide, especially in developing countries. In these patients, anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) therapy may aggravate hepatitis and increase viremia. We evaluated the safety of these treatments, which remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one HCV-positive patients (23 women, 8 men, mean age 59+/-13 yrs, mean disease duration 13+/-11.5 SD yrs) with active RA [Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28)>3.2] unresponsive to conventional therapies were treated with TNF-alpha blockers (infliximab 11, etanercept 17, adalimumab 3) at standard dosages. Safety and efficacy were evaluated at the third month of treatment and at the patient's last observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant clinical-serological improvement was recorded at the 3-month reevaluation. Mean values of patients assessment of general health on visual analog scale (range 0.100) decreased from 69+/-29 (SD) to 35+/-27 (p<0.0001), Ritchie index from 21.6+/-13.9 to 10.1+/-3.7 (p<0.0001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate from 36+/-25 to 28+/-22 mm/h (p=0.04), and DAS28 from 5.2+/-1.6 to 2.78+/-1.3 (p<0.0001); a DAS28<2.6 was recorded in 15/31 (48%) patients. At the last observation 19 patients (61%) continued TNF-alpha blockers, and the observed benefits persisted after 22+/-11 months of followup. Mean values of transaminases (ALT) and HCV viral load showed no significant variations; TNF-alpha blockers were discontinued in only one patient because of persistently elevated ALT not correlated to the variations of HCV viremia; this latter increased significantly (>or=2 log10) in 4 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous observations had suggested the safety of TNF-alpha blockers for treatment of RA in patients with concurrent HCV infection. Given the clinical-therapeutic implications, our results support the safety of TNF-alpha blockers in patients with HCV, provided there is close monitoring of clinical and virological data (mainly ALT and HCV viremia).
authors.affiliation: Rheumatic Disease Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena/Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. clferri@unimo.it
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lapadula
authors.forename: Carlomaurizio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montecucco
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Triolo
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valentini
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valesini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha