title: Brain nociceptive imaging in rats using (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose small-animal positron emission tomography.
abstract: Preclinical exploration of pain processing in the brain as well as evaluating pain-relief drugs in small animals embodies the potential biophysical effects in humans. However, it is difficult to measure nociception-related cerebral metabolic changes in vivo, especially in unanesthetized animals. The present study used (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose small-animal positron emission tomography to produce cerebral metabolic maps associated with formalin-induced nociception. Anesthesia was not applied during the uptake period so as to reduce possible confounding effects on pain processing in the brain. The formalin stimulation at the hind paw of rats resulted in significant metabolic increases in the bilateral cingulate cortex, motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, insular cortex, visual cortex, caudate putamen, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Among the measured areas, clear lateralization was only evident in the primary somatosensory cortex and hypothalamus. In addition, pretreatment with lidocaine (4 mg/kg, i.v.) and morphine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) significantly suppressed formalin-induced cerebral metabolic increases in these areas. The present protocol allowed identification of the brain areas involved in pain processing, and should be useful in further evaluations of the effects of new drugs and preclinical therapies for pain.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y-Y I
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R-S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: F-S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Jaw
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000009:adverse effects; D007839:Functional Laterality; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009020:Morphine; D008012:Lidocaine