Diabetes mellitus and birth defects.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between diabetes mellitus and 39 birth defects.


METHODS
This was a multicenter case-control study of mothers of infants who were born with (n = 13,030) and without (n = 4895) birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2003).


RESULTS
Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) was associated significantly with noncardiac defects (isolated, 7/23 defects; multiples, 13/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 11/16 defects; multiples, 8/16 defects). Adjusted odds ratios for PGDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 3.17 (95% CI, 2.20-4.99) and 8.62 (95% CI, 5.27-14.10), respectively. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with fewer noncardiac defects (isolated, 3/23 defects; multiples, 3/23 defects) and cardiac defects (isolated, 3/16 defects; multiples, 2/16 defects). Odds ratios between GDM and all isolated and multiple defects were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.17-1.73) and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.13-2.00), respectively. These associations were limited generally to offspring of women with prepregnancy body mass index > or =25 kg/m(2).


CONCLUSIONS
PGDM was associated with a wide range of birth defects; GDM was associated with a limited group of birth defects.
Correa
Adolfo
A
Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. acorrea@cdc.gov
Gilboa
Suzanne M
SM
Besser
Lilah M
LM
Botto
Lorenzo D
LD
Moore
Cynthia A
CA
Hobbs
Charlotte A
CA
Cleves
Mario A
MA
Riehle-Colarusso
Tiffany J
TJ
Waller
D Kim
DK
Reece
E Albert
EA
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology*