title: Hemoperitoneum increases the incidence of bacterial translocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe hemorrhage may induce bacterial translocation (BT) from the bowel. Presence of hemoperitoneum is supposed to further increase the incidence of BT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was drawn from the femoral artery of rats and hemoperitoneum was created by replacing the drawn blood. Rats were randomly segregated into 5 groups. Control group rats received a sham operation. Rats in groups 1 and 2 received mild hemorrhage (15mL blood/kg body weight withdrawn) with and without hemoperitoneum respectively. Rats in groups 3 and 4 received severe hemorrhage (25mL blood/kg body withdrawn) with and without hemoperitoneum respectively. Twenty-four hours after the above manipulation, mesentery lymph nodes, livers, spleens, and finally cecums were removed for bacterial cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats that received severe hemorrhage had a significantly higher incidence of BT, both in tissues and in individuals, than rats that received mild hemorrhage did. group 1 rats had a higher incidence of BT in tissues compared with group 2, although the difference in individuals was not significant. On the other hand, group 3 had a higher incidence of BT either in tissues or in individuals compared with group 4. Cecal populations of bacteria assessment showed that groups with hemoperitoneum had higher levels of bacteria in comparison with groups without hemoperitoneum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe hemorrhage in rats increases the incidence of BT and the incidence is even greater in the presence of hemoperitoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsin-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yi-Szu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Mu-Shun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chun-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Hsen
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000502:physiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000502:physiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D006465:Hemoperitoneum / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011511:Proteus / Q000502:physiology; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000502:physiology