title: Quantitative stress echocardiography in coronary artery disease using contrast-based myocardial blood flow measurements: prospective comparison with coronary angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether quantitative stress echocardiography using contrast-based myocardial blood flow (MBF, ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) measurements can detect coronary artery disease in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 patients eligible for pharmacological stress testing by myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and willing to undergo subsequent coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled in the study. Baseline and adenosine-induced (140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) hyperaemic MBF was analysed according to a three-coronary-artery-territory model. Vascular territories were categorised into three groups with increasing stenosis severity defined as percentage diameter reduction by quantitative coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial blood flow reserve (MBFR)-that is, the ratio of hyperaemic to baseline MBF, was obtained in 128 (89%) territories. Mean (SD) baseline MBF was 1.073 (0.395) ml x min(-1) x g(-1) and did not differ between territories supplied by coronary arteries with mild (<50% stenosis), moderate (50%-74% stenosis) or severe (>or=75% stenosis) disease. Mean (SD) hyperaemic MBF and MBFR were 2.509 (1.078) ml x min(-1) x g(-1) and 2.54 (1.03), respectively, and decreased linearly (r2 = 0.21 and r2 = 0.39) with stenosis severity. ROC analysis revealed that a territorial MBFR <1.94 detected >or=50% stenosis with 89% sensitivity and 92% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative stress testing based on MBF measurements derived from contrast echocardiography is a new method for the non-invasive and reliable assessment of coronary artery disease in humans.
authors.affiliation: Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland, Bern, Switzerland. rolf.vogel@insel.ch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Indermühle
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiler
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014665:Vasodilator Agents
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine