title: Purification and characterisation of relevant natural and recombinant apple allergens.
abstract: Apple (Malus domestica) is the most widely cultivated fruit crop in Europe and frequently causes allergic reactions with a variable degree of severity. So far, four apple allergens Mal d 1, Mal d 2, Mal d 3 and Mal d 4 have been identified. Mal d 1, a Bet v 1 related allergen, and Mal d 4, apple profilin, are sensitive to proteolytic degradation, whereas Mal d 2, a thaumatin-like protein and Mal d 3, a nonspecific lipid transfer protein, are rather stable to proteolytic processes. Mal d 1 and Mal d 4 were purified after expression in Escherichia coli expression system, while Mal d 2 and Mal d 3 were purified from apple fruit tissue. All purified proteins were subjected to detailed physicochemical characterisation to confirm their structural integrity and maintained IgE binding capacity. Detailed investigations of carbohydrate moieties of Mal d 2 demonstrated their involvement in the overall IgE binding capacity of this allergen. It was concluded that the folded structure and IgE binding capacity of all four allergens were preserved during purification.
authors.affiliation: Biomay, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oberhuber
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rigby
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Smole
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radauer
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alessandri
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Briza
authors.forename: Laurian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zuidmeer
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maderegger
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Himly
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sancho
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Ree
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knulst
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shewry
authors.forename: E N Clare
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wellner
authors.forename: Heimo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breiteneder
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann-Sommergruber
authors.forename: Merima
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bublin
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000276:immunology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C095551:MALD1 protein, Malus domestica; C531902:Mal d 2 allergen, Malus domestica; C463180:Mal d 3 allergen; C518790:Mal d 4 allergen, Malus domestica; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E