title: Differences in hospital mortality among critically ill patients of Asian, Native Indian, and European descent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear whether race/ethnicity influences survival for acute critical illnesses. We compared hospital mortality among patients of Asian (originating from Asia or Southeast Asia), Native Indian, and European descent admitted to the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of patients admitted to three ICUs (January 1999 to January 2006) in British Columbia, Canada. Multivariable analysis evaluated hospital mortality for each ethnic group, adjusting for age, sex, APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II score, hospital, median income, unemployment, and education. To account for differences in case mix, multivariable analysis was also restricted to those patients admitted for the five most common ICU admission diagnoses (sepsis, pneumonia, brain injury, COPD, and ARDS) and adjusted for these diagnoses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 7,331 patients, 21% were Asian, 4% were Native Indian, and 75% were of European descent. Crude mortality was 33% for Asian, 30% for Native Indians, and 28% for patients of European descent. After adjusting for potential confounders, Native Indian descent was not associated with an increase in mortality compared to European descent. Asian descent was associated with a significantly higher mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.41; p = 0.005). After adjusting for case mix, this difference was no longer seen. For patients admitted for COPD exacerbation, Asian descent was associated with a substantial increase in mortality (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.56 to 12.9; p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in mortality by race/ethnicity for patients who had any of the other common admitting diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients of Asian and Native Indian descent with acute critical illness did not have an increased mortality after adjusting for differences in case mix.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada. Electronic address: nakhan@shaw.ca.
authors.forename: Nadia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palepu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Norena
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ayas
authors.affiliation: HIV Clinical Trials Network, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chittock
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Morad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dodek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*