title: Long-term predictors of mortality in ICD patients with non-ischaemic cardiac disease: impact of renal function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Randomized trials have demonstrated that implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy may reduce the risk of death in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (CMP). In this study, we aimed at determining the long-term benefit of ICD therapy among patients with dilated CMP (DCM) and among those with other non-ischaemic cardiac diseases (NICDs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a single-centre longitudinal study to assess the outcomes of 176 patients with NICDs who were implanted with an ICD for primary or secondary prevention of cardiac death. The cumulative survival rate after 1, 2, 5, and 10 years was 91, 87, 78, and 65%, respectively. Mortality risk did not differ significantly between patients with DCM and those with other NICDs. Atrial fibrillation, recurrent ventricular arrhythmias requiring ICD therapy, and right ventricular pacing, but not delayed intrinsic ventricular conduction, were associated with higher risk. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class > or =III was an independent predictor of adverse outcome among patients with DCM [hazard ratio (HR) 5.27, P = 0.01], whereas reduced left ventricular function with ejection fraction <35% (HR 12.1, P < 0.001) and anti-arrhythmic drug use (HR 4.82, P = 0.03) were independent predictors among those with other NICDs. Renal insufficiency with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (HR 5.9, P < 0.001) was a strong independent predictor of mortality among all patients with NICD, irrespective of underlying cardiac condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ICD patients with DCM, higher NYHA functional class is associated with adverse outcomes. Impaired left ventricular function and anti-arrhythmic drug use predict higher mortality among patients with non-dilated, NICDs. Impaired renal function is a strong predictor of mortality in all patients with NICD.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schefer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wolber
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binggeli
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holzmeister
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunckhorst
authors.forename: Firat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duru
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate