title: High occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in equine nasal samples.
abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections do occur in equine patients. Little is known, however, about their origin and the general equine MRSA colonization status. In West European horses in particular, neither the colonization rate nor the present strains or their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are known. In the present study, a sample of 110 (Belgian, French, Dutch and Luxemburg) horses presented at a Belgian equine clinic was screened for nasal MRSA carriage. An indirect culturing protocol using a 0.001% colistin and nalidixic acid containing broth was compared to a direct agar method. Phenotypic identification following growth on a chromogenic MRSA screening agar (ChromID MRSA) was combined with genotypic analysis (PCR, PFGE, SCCmec, spa, and MLST typing). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested through disk diffusion. Twelve (10.9%) horses carried MRSA, with the enrichment protocol resulting in a significantly higher isolation rate. None of the isolated strains were typeable through SmaI PFGE. They all harboured SCCmec type IVa or V and belonged to spa type t011 or t1451 of the ST398 lineage. All isolates were tetracycline resistant and sulfonamide and enrofloxacin susceptible. Macrolide, lincosamide, trimethoprim and aminoglycoside susceptibility varied and in total five different antimicrobial resistance patterns were distinguished. These results show that ST398 is certainly present in West European horses. Due to its known interspecies transmission and the structure of the equine industry, the presence of this clone in horses poses a substantial health hazard for both animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Annelies.VandenEede@UGent.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van den Eede
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lipinska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Struelens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deplano
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Denis
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gasthuys
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents