title: Multiple analyses of factors related to intraoperative blood loss and the role of reverse Trendelenburg position in endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out the factors related to the volume of intraoperative blood loss during endoscopic sinus surgery and to validate the role of reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) in controlling blood loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled, single-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic sinus surgeries for chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis were performed in 60 patients, which were randomly categorized into two groups. The study group (RTP group) consisted of 30 patients laid on operation table with the RTP of 10 degrees during the whole surgery, and the control group with 30 patients completely laid supine. All operations were performed by the same operator (the first author) without using hemostatic agents during the operation. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated by total volume of blood loss, blood loss per minute, and surgical field scale. Multiple factors related to blood loss, such as computed tomography scores, operation time, mean arterial pressure, polyposis, fungal sinusitis, and anesthetic agents were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There existed significant differences in total blood loss, blood loss per minute, and surgical field between the RTP group and supine group. In multiple analyses within the two groups, presence of polyp, non-fungal sinusitis and use of microdebrider exhibited a significant higher blood loss rate in the RTP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTP may reduce intraoperative blood loss. Besides, fungal sinusitis and rhinosinusitis without polyposis may contribute to a lesser intraoperative blood loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolarygology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Tse
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kuan-Chih
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chih-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome