title: Novel role of curcumin in the prevention of cytokine-induced islet death in vitro and diabetogenesis in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress caused by cytokine exposure is a major cause of pancreatic islet death in vitro and of diabetogenesis. Antioxidant compounds may prevent cytokine-induced damage to islet cells. Hence, we studied the potential of curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, in vitro to protect islets against pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo to prevent the progression of diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic islets from C57/BL6J mice were pretreated with curcumin (10 microM) and then exposed to a combination of cytokines. Islet viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, inducible NO synthase and NF-kappaB translocation were studied. Curcumin pretreated (7.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) C57/BL6J mice were given MLD-STZ (40 mg kg(-1)), and various parameters of diabetes induction and progression were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin protected islets from cytokine-induced islet death in vitro by scavenging ROS and normalized cytokine-induced NF-kappaB translocation by inhibiting phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha). In vivo, curcumin also prevented MLD-STZ, as revealed by sustained normoglycaemia, normal glucose clearance and maintained pancreatic GLUT2 levels. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the serum and pancreas were raised in STZ-treated animals, but not in animals pretreated with curcumin before STZ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we have demonstrated for the first time that curcumin in vitro protects pancreatic islets against cytokine-induced death and dysfunction and in vivo prevents STZ-induced diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Banking Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanitkar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galande
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bhonde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D003474:Curcumin