title: Multiple actions of lysophosphatidic acid on fibroblasts revealed by transcriptional profiling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator that acts through specific G protein-coupled receptors to stimulate the proliferation, migration and survival of many cell types. LPA signaling has been implicated in development, wound healing and cancer. While LPA signaling pathways have been studied extensively, it remains unknown how LPA affects global gene expression in its target cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have examined the temporal program of global gene expression in quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts stimulated with LPA using 32 k oligonucleotide microarrays. In addition to genes involved in growth stimulation and cytoskeletal reorganization, LPA induced many genes that encode secreted factors, including chemokines, growth factors, cytokines, pro-angiogenic and pro-fibrotic factors, components of the plasminogen activator system and metalloproteases. Strikingly, epidermal growth factor induced a broadly overlapping expression pattern, but some 7% of the genes (105 out of 1508 transcripts) showed differential regulation by LPA. The subset of LPA-specific genes was enriched for those associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, in keeping with LPA's ability to regulate cell shape and motility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of LPA in programming fibroblasts not only to proliferate and migrate but also to produce many paracrine mediators of tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor progression. Furthermore, our results show that G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases can signal independently to regulate broadly overlapping sets of genes in the same cell type.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cellular Biochemistry and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.stortelers@gmail.com
authors.forename: Catelijne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stortelers
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerkhoven
authors.forename: Wouter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Moolenaar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000235:genetics; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008246:Lysophospholipids; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D012313:RNA; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid