title: Postprandial evolution in composition and characteristics of human duodenal fluids in different nutritional states.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in duodenal composition in three nutritional states: fasted, fed, and fat-enriched fed state. Two isocaloric meals were administered to healthy subjects on nonconsecutive days. Subsequently, duodenal samples were collected every 30 min after which they were characterized with respect to pH, lipolytic products, bile salts, phospholipids, osmolality, and surface tension. The resulting time profiles displayed fluctuating patterns, which reflect high inter- and intrasubject variability. Duodenal composition was not altered by the higher fat percentage of the fat-enriched liquid meal. Monoglycerides, amounting from 5% to 88% of total lipids, were the dominant lipolytic species, followed by free fatty acids. Within 30 min after meal administration, individual intraduodenal concentrations of lipid products were 0.0-5.5, 1.0-14.9, and 3.1-22.4 mg/mL in fasted, fed, and fat-enriched fed state, respectively. The corresponding values for bile salts were 2.0-9.0, 6.9-9.3, and 4.4-30.3 mM and for phospholipids 0.06-2.4, 2.6-5.7, and 1.4-9.3 mM, respectively. Specific trends though, were not detected. This study illustrates the variable intraluminal conditions that can result after food intake. As intraduodenal events (e.g., intraduodenal dissolution) affect absorption of poorly water soluble and/or highly lipophilic drugs, this variability may possibly contribute to the highly variable drug plasma-time profiles often observed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 2 (Box 921), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clarysse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lammert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reppas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augustijns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004386:Duodenum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D013500:Surface Tension; D013997:Time Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids