title: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric ion-switching determination of chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide in fruits and vegetables.
abstract: The anthranilic and phthalic diamides, chlorantraniliprole (CAP) and flubendiamide (FLU), respectively, represent a new class of very effective insecticides that activate the ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor). This paper reports an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the two insecticides on fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry operated in the positive and negative ionization switching mode. The two diamides were extracted with acetonitrile and separated on a Zorbax Column Eclipse XDB C8 (4.6 mm x 150 mm i.d., 3 microm) by isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water with 0.1% formic acid pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The diamides were selectively detected by multiple reaction monitoring for transitions of proton adduct precursor ions simultaneously: positive m/z 484.3-->285 for CAP, m/z 445.5-->169 for internal standard, and negative m/z 681.4-->253 for FLU. For CAP calibration in the positive mode was linear over a working range of 2 to 1000 microg/L with r > 0.992. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for CAP were 0.8 and 1.6 microg/kg, respectively. For FLU in the negative mode the corresponding values were 1-1000 microg/L for linear working range, with r > 0.996 and 0.4 and 0.8 microg/L for LOD and LOQ, respectively. Moreover, the presence of interfering compounds in the fruit and vegetable extracts was found to be minimal. Due to the linear behavior of the MS detector response for the two analytes, it was concluded that the multiple reaction transitions of molecular ions in the ion-switching mode can be used for analytical purposes, that is, for identification and quantification of diamides in fruit and vegetable extracts at trace levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. caboni@unica.it
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caboni
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sarais
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angioni
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vargiu
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pagnozzi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cabras
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Casida
mesh_terms: D001549:Benzamides / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013450:Sulfones / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010797:Phthalimides
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007306:Insecticides; D013450:Sulfones; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C517733:chlorantranilipole; C508762:flubendiamide; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010797:Phthalimides