title: Association between serum lipoprotein (a) level and progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate independent risk factors related to the progression of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) for Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and six patients with NPDR were followed up for 2 years. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was determined by colour fundus photography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess variables independently associated with the progression of NPDR. Serum concentrations of novel risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease, including lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and fibrinogen, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients (31%) had progressed by two scale steps or more in 2 years. The progression of NPDR was significantly associated with HbA(1c) [odds ratio (OR) 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-4.87], systolic blood pressure (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.14-2.91), Lp(a) (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.09-5.12) and fibrinogen (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.03-3.08). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HbA(1c) (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.12-3.21) and Lp(a) level (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.06-4.33) were significant and independent predictors of the progression of NPDR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that serum Lp(a) level is an independent risk factor for the progression of NPDR in Type 2 diabetes patients. We recommend that further prospective validation of our findings be undertaken to confirm these observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Yachiyo Medical Centre, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan. hfunatsu@tymc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005340:Fibrinogen; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human