title: Frequency and risk factors of mitoxantrone-induced amenorrhea in multiple sclerosis: the FEMIMS study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improved prognosis in women with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing immunosuppressive treatment with mitoxantrone (MITO) has led to an increased interest in the effect of such treatments on fertility. FErtility and Mitoxantrone In MS (FEMIMS) is a collaborative retrospective study aimed at evaluating the impact of MITO treatment on fertility in women with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occurrence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) was evaluated in 189 women with MS treated with MITO before the age of 45. An "ad hoc" questionnaire, paying particular attention to onset of CIA either during or post-MITO treatment, was administered to each patient. The probability of CIA was calculated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis taking into account age at exposure, cumulative dose, and use of estroprogestinic (EP) drugs during treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight (26%) patients presented CIA following MITO. The probability of CIA was increased by 2%/mg/m(2) of cumulative dose and by 18% for each year of age, whereas it was reduced by administration of EP during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MITO treatment may affect reproductive capacity in women with MS. Patients of childbearing age should be properly counseled before MITO treatment and EP therapy should be administered to reduce the risk of CIA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Neurological Science, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sardu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trojano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uccelli
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marrosu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008572:Menarche; D008593:Menopause; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone