title: Assessment of incomplete clipping of aneurysms intraoperatively by a near-infrared indocyanine green-video angiography (Niicg-Va) integrated microscope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article was to assess the clinical use and the completeness of clipping with total occlusion of the aneurysmal lumen, real-time assessment of vascular patency in the parent, branching and perforating vessels, intraoperative assessment of blood flow, image quality, spatial resolution and clinical value in difficult aneurysms using near infrared indocyanine green video angiography integrated on to an operative Pentero neurosurgical microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen Germany).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients with aneurysms were operated upon. An infrared camera with near infrared technology was adapted on to the OPMI Pentero microscope with a special filter and infrared excitation light to illuminate the operating field which was designed to allow passage of the near infrared light required for excitation of indocyanine green (ICG) which was used as the intravascular marker. The intravascular fluorescence was imaged with a video camera attached to the microscope. ICG fluorescence (700-850 nm) from a modified microscope light source on to the surgical field and passage of ICG fluorescence (780-950 nm) from the surgical field, back into the optical path of the microscope was used to detect the completeness of aneurysmal clipping
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incomplete clipping in three patients (1 female and 2 males) with unruptured complicated aneurysms was detected using indocyanine green video angiography. There were no adverse effects after injection of indocyanine green. The completeness of clipping was inadequately detected by Doppler ultrasound miniprobe and rigid endoscopy and was thus complemented by indocyanine green video angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The operative microscope-integrated ICG video angiography as a new intraoperative method for detecting vascular flow, was found to be quick, reliable, cost-effective and possibly a substitute or adjunct for Doppler ultrasonography or intraoperative DSA, which is presently the gold standard. The simplicity of the method, the speed with which the investigation can be performed, the quality of the images, and the outcome of surgical procedures have all reduced the need for angiography. This technique may be useful during routine aneurysm surgery as an independent form of angiography and/or as an adjunct to intraoperative or postoperative DSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Denga Kugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imizu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sangli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oguri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007259:Infrared Rays; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000592:standards; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000592:standards; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green