title: Fine-grained indexing of the biomedical literature: MeSH subheading attachment for a MEDLINE indexing tool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports on the latest results of an Indexing Initiative effort addressing the automatic attachment of subheadings to MeSH main headings recommended by the NLM's Medical Text Indexer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several linguistic and statistical approaches are used to retrieve and attach the subheadings. Continuing collaboration with NLM indexers also provided insight on how automatic methods can better enhance indexing practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methods were evaluated on corpus of 50,000 MEDLINE citations. For main heading/subheading pair recommendations, the best precision is obtained with a post-processing rule method (58%) while the best recall is obtained by pooling all methods (64%). For stand-alone subheading recommendations, the best performance is obtained with the PubMed Related Citations algorithm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant progress has been made in terms of subheading coverage. After further evaluation, some of this work may be integrated in the MEDLINE indexing workflow.
authors.affiliation: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institutes of Health, Lister Hill Center for Biomedical Communications. neveola@nlm.nih.gov
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Névéol
authors.forename: Sonya E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shooshan
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mork
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Aronson
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing / Q000379:methods*; D016239:MEDLINE; D046650:Medical Subject Headings; D009323:Natural Language Processing