Noninvasive imaging of dendritic cell migration into lymph nodes using near-infrared fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals.
Effective tracking of immunotherapeutic cells is essential for monitoring the migration of injected cells to the target tissue. Here we report the use of near-infrared (NIR) -emitting fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals, called quantum dots (QDs), for noninvasive in vivo tracking of dendritic cell (DC) migration into lymph nodes. The effect of QDs on DC viability and maturation was systematically investigated using MTT assays and FACS analysis. We found that the labeling of DCs with QDs had no effect on DC phenotype or maturation potential. Cytokine and migration assays revealed that there were no significant changes in either cytokine production or chemokine-dependent migration of QD-labeled DCs relative to unlabeled cells; in both labeled and unlabeled cells, cytokine production and migratory capacity was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, QDs did not influence allogenic naive T cell activation or uptake of exogenous antigens. Notably, we also demonstrated that it was possible to track QD-labeled DCs injected into the footpad into popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes using NIR fluorescence. Taken together, our protocols establish the potential of noninvasive in vivo imaging of NIR-emitting QDs for tracking immunotherapeutic cells.
Noh
Young-Woock
YW
BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea. Y.T.L.yongtaik@kribb.re.kr
Lim
Yong Taik
YT
Chung
Bong Hyun
BH
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D002470:Cell Survival; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D018925:Chemokines