title: [Maxillary distraction complications in cleft patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients often present with a class III malocclusion in connection with a three dimensional maxillary hypoplasia. Twenty-five to 60% of these patients require a maxillary advancement. Two solutions are possible: orthognathic surgery and maxillary distraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complications of the maxillary distraction in CLP patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data was collected from the records of patients treated at our Surgery Unit between 2000 and 2007. Among the eight patients (four male and four female), five presented a bilateral CLP, two a unilateral CLP and one a unilateral cleft lip associated to a soft palate cleft. The average age at surgery was 17 years old. All had a Le Fort I osteotomy with a pterygomaxillary disjunction. The first two patients had external distractors and the six following internal ones. After a seven-day latency, activation was led to the rate of 1mm per day twice. The period of consolidation was four months on average. The maxillary advancement varied between 7 and 19 mm with an average of 12.6mm. The average follow-up was four years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We encountered difficulties and/or complications in seven patients: one intraoperatively haemorrhage, one avulsion of a tooth fixed at the pterygoid process during the osteotomy, three device failures, two cases of significant pains during activation, one dissociation of the dental anchorage of an external system, two labial ulcerations and one maxillary sinusitis by migration of the 18.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Difficulties of maxillary distraction in CLP patients are very frequent. The majority is related to the distractors and did not interfere with the final result. But this frequency must be taken into account in the indication and in the choice of the material. Two types of complications can occur during distraction: those related to the osteotomy and those related to the material. The complications related to the osteotomy are in connection with the cicatricial ground of the CLP. They are not specific of the distraction. We especially managed complications related to the material. The social benefit of the internal distractors is undeniable, but the design of certain models must be reexamined to improve their tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale, hôpital A.-Michallon, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jeblaoui
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brix
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lebeau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettega
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008047:Lip Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000209:etiology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors; D014084:Tooth Avulsion / Q000209:etiology