title: Determination of 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios in human tissues collected from areas around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site by sector-field high resolution ICP-MS.
abstract: Information on the 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios in human tissues for people living around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) was deduced from 9 sets of soft tissues and bones, and 23 other bone samples obtained by autopsy. Plutonium was radiochemically separated and purified, and plutonium isotopes (239Pu and 240Pu) were determined by sector-field high resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. For most of the tissue samples from the former nine subjects, low 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios were determined: bone, 0.125 +/- 0.018 (0.113-0.145, n = 4); lungs, 0.063 +/- 0.010 (0.051-0.078, n = 5); and liver, 0.148 +/- 0.026 (0.104-0.189, n = 9). Only 239Pu was detected in the kidney samples; the amount of 240Pu was too small to be measured, probably due to the small size of samples analyzed. The mean 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratio for bone samples from the latter 23 subjects was 0.152 +/- 0.034, ranging from 0.088 to 0.207. A significant difference (a two-tailed Student's t test; 95% significant level, alpha = 0.05) between mean 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios for the tissue samples and for the global fallout value (0.178 +/- 0.014) indicated that weapons-grade plutonium from the atomic bombs has been incorporated into the human tissues, especially lungs, in the residents living around the SNTS. The present 239,240Pu concentrations in bone, lung, and liver samples were, however, not much different from ranges found for human tissues from other countries that were due solely to global fallout during the 1970's-1980's.
authors.affiliation: Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, K-INET, Kanazawa University, Wake, Nomi-shi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan. pluto@llrl.ku-unet.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Apsalikov
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan; D009689:Nuclear Warfare; D011005:Plutonium / Q000032:analysis*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000032:analysis*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D014781:Viscera / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011005:Plutonium