title: The one-stop trial: does electronic referral and booking by the general practitioner (GPs) to outpatient day case surgery reduce waiting time and costs? A randomized controlled trial protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Waiting time and costs from referral to day case outpatient surgery are at an unacceptably high level. The waiting time in Norway averages 240 days for common surgical conditions. Furthermore, in North Norway the population is scattered throughout a large geographic area, making the cost of travel to a specialist examination before surgery considerable. Electronic standardised referrals and booking of day case outpatient surgery by GPs are possible through the National Health Network, which links all health care providers in an electronic network. New ways of using this network might reduce the waiting time and cost of outpatient day case surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomised controlled trial, selected patients (inguinal hernia, gallstone disease and pilonidal sinus) referred to the university hospital are either randomised to direct electronic referral and booking for outpatient surgery (one stop), or to the traditional patient pathway where all patients are seen at the outpatient clinic several weeks ahead of surgery. Consultants in gastrointestinal surgery designed standardised referral forms and guidelines. New software has been designed making it possible to implement referral forms, guidelines and patient information in the GP's electronic health record. For "one-stop" referral, GPs must provide mandatory information about the specific condition. Referrals were linked to a booking system, enabling the GPs to book the hospital, day and time for outpatient surgery. The primary endpoints are waiting time and costs. The sample size calculation was based on waiting time. A reduction in waiting time of 60 days (effect size), 25%, is significant, resulting in a sample size of 120 patients in total.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor communication between primary and secondary care often results in inefficiencies and unsatisfactory outcomes. We hypothesised that standardised referrals would improve the quality of information, making it feasible to use a one-stop approach for all patients undergoing surgery on an outpatient basis for inguinal hernia, pilonidal sinus and gallstones. In this study we wanted to investigate the waiting time and cost-effectiveness of direct electronic referral and booking of outpatient surgery compared to the traditional patient pathway, where the patient is seen at the outpatient clinic prior to surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial registration number is: NCT00692497.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Centre for Telemedicine, Norway. knut.magne.augestad@telemed.no
authors.forename: Knut Magne
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Augestad
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revhaug
authors.forename: Barthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vonen
authors.forename: Roar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnsen
authors.forename: Rolv-Ole
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Lindsetmo
mesh_terms: D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D003363:Cost Control; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D005194:Family Practice; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D009664:Norway; D010864:Pilonidal Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors; D014850:Waiting Lists