title: State of the art in developmental toxicity screening methods and a way forward: a meeting report addressing embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish.
abstract: A meeting was convened so that users of three models for in vitro developmental toxicity (embryonic stem cells, whole embryo culture, and zebrafish) could share their experiences with each model, and explore the areas for improvement. We present a summary of this meeting and the recommendations of the group.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global R&D, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Group, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA. robert.e.chapin@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapin
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Augustine-Rauch
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daston
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finnell
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirkes
authors.forename: K Sue
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Aldert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piersma
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanparys
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Maele-Fabry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*