title: The effect of silver nitrate, chloroformic garlic extract, and normal saline in induction of sclerosing cholangitis in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of 0.5% silver nitrate, 20% chloroformic garlic extract, and 0.9% normal saline in induction of sclerosing cholangitis in the bile ducts of rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a-6-months period from April to September 2006 in Shiraz University Laboratory Animal Research Center, we selected 3 equal groups of rabbits. We injected 0.5% silver nitrate, 20% chloroformic garlic extract, and 0.9% normal saline into the bile ducts of each group. The animals were euthanized, and autopsied after 4 months and the liver and bile ducts were removed and studied histopathologically. Cholangiography was undertaken to evaluate the presence and extent of any sclerosing cholangitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals showed sclerosing cholangitis in silver nitrate group (7 [58%]), one (8%) in chloroformic garlic extract group and one (7%) in normal saline group. The difference between silver nitrate and chloroformic garlic extract groups were statistically significant and similar results were noticed between chloroformic garlic extract and normal saline groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twenty percent of chloroformic garlic extract had fewer complications such as sclerosing cholangitis, compared to other materials.
authors.affiliation: Gasteroenterohepathology Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. hoseiniv@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Seyed V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.forename: Jalil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mohebzadeh
authors.forename: Perikala V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehrabani
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Seyed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sadjjadi
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002725:Chloroform / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005737:Garlic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D002725:Chloroform