title: Metabolic profiles in five high-producing Swedish dairy herds with a history of abomasal displacement and ketosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Body condition score and blood profiles have been used to monitor management and herd health in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to examine BCS and extended metabolic profiles, reflecting both energy metabolism and liver status around calving in high-producing herds with a high incidence of abomasal displacement and ketosis and to evaluate if such profiles can be used at herd level to pinpoint specific herd problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body condition score and metabolic profiles around calving in five high-producing herds with high incidences of abomasal displacement and ketosis were assessed using linear mixed models (94 cows, 326 examinations). Cows were examined and blood sampled every three weeks from four weeks ante partum (ap) to nine weeks postpartum (pp). Blood parameters studied were glucose, fructosamine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin and cholesterol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All herds had overconditioned dry cows that lost body condition substantially the first 4-6 weeks pp. Two herds had elevated levels of NEFA ap and three herds had elevated levels pp. One herd had low levels of insulin ap and low levels of cholesterol pp. Haptoglobin was detected pp in all herds and its usefulness is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEFA was the parameter that most closely reflected the body condition losses while these losses were not seen in glucose and fructosamine levels. Insulin and cholesterol were potentially useful in herd profiles but need further investigation. Increased glutamate dehydrogenase suggested liver cell damage in all herds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ruminant Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden. Lena.Stengarde@kv.slu.se
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stengärde
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tråvén
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Emanuelson
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holtenius
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hultgren
authors.forename: Rauni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niskanen
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000018:Abomasum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007662:Ketosis / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006242:Haptoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D019270:Fructosamine; D002784:Cholesterol; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid