title: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists have variable affect in 3-nitropropionic acid toxicity.
abstract: There is accumulating evidence that excitotoxicity and oxidative stress resulting from excessive activation of glutamate (N-methyl-D-aspartate) NMDA receptors are major participants in striatal degeneration associated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) administration. Although excitotoxic and oxidative mechanisms are implicated in 3NP toxicity, there are conflicting reports as to whether NMDA receptor antagonists attenuate or exacerbate the 3NP-induced neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of NMDA receptors in striatal degeneration, protein oxidation and motor impairment following systemic 3NP administration. We examined whether NMDA receptor antagonists, memantine and ifenprodil, influence the neurotoxicity of 3NP. The development of striatal lesion and protein oxidation following 3NP administration is delayed by memantine but not affected by ifenprodil. However, in behavioral experiments, memantine failed to improve and ifenprodil exacerbated the motor deficits associated with 3NP toxicity. Together, these findings suggest caution in the application of NMDA receptor antagonists as a neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative disorders associated with metabolic impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Ashtabula, OH 44004, USA. pnasr@kent.edu
authors.forename: Payman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nasr
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carbery
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Geddes
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011422:Propionates / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D011422:Propionates; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; C499322:Parp1 protein, rat; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid; C010739:ifenprodil; D008559:Memantine