title: Somatosensory impairment after stroke: frequency of different deficits and their recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency of somatosensory impairment in stroke patients within different somatosensory modalities and different body areas, and their recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two stroke rehabilitation units.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with a first stroke (36 men, 34 women; average age, 71, SD 10.00 years; average time since stroke onset, 15 days) were assessed on admission and two, four and six months after stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nottingham Sensory Assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatosensory impairment was common after stroke; 7-53% had impaired tactile sensations, 31-89% impaired stereognosis, and 34-64% impaired proprioception. When comparing somatosensory modalities within body areas the kappa values were low (kappa values<0.54). Recovery occurred over time, though not significantly in lower limb tactile sensations. Stroke severity was the main factor influencing initial somatosensory impairment, but accounted for a small amount of the variance (21-41%). Initial somatosensory impairment was significantly related to somatosensory ability at six months, accounting for 46-71% of the variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proprioception and stereognosis were more frequently impaired than tactile sensations. The different somatosensory modalities showed only slight agreement between impairment within the same body areas, suggesting that the modalities are independent of each other and all should be assessed. High agreements were found between different body areas for each somatosensory modality. Somatosensory impairment was associated with stroke severity, however low variance indicated other factors were involved.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. 1.connell@salford.ac.uk
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013236:Stereognosis; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D014110:Touch; D034941:Upper Extremity