title: A medical home for children with insulin-dependent diabetes: comanagement by primary and subspecialty physicians--convergence and divergence of opinions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to examine pediatricians' and endocrinologists' views about management for routine preventive and acute care, diabetes-specific care, and family education and care coordination for children with insulin-dependent diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a mixed-mode survey of all of the pediatricians in 1 medicaid managed care network and all of the pediatric and adult endocrinologists who treat children with diabetes in North Carolina.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 201 pediatricians surveyed, 132 responded (65%). Among the 61 endocrinologists who treat children, 59% replied. Nearly all of the respondents agreed that primary care physicians should have responsibility for routine primary care (eg, well-child checkups, treating minor illnesses or injuries, and immunizations). Likewise, large majorities favored endocrinologists as leads for diabetes-specific care (eg, 94% for training in use of an insulin pump and 82% for training in use of a glucometer). Many generalists and subspecialists reported that specific aspects of diabetes care should be comanaged (eg, 31% for tracking of hemoglobin A1c). However, large proportions of pediatricians and endocrinologists expressed differing opinions about the primary responsibility for family education and care coordination and for specific diabetes services. For example, 80% of endocrinologists saw subspecialists as leads for monitoring blood sugar levels, whereas 52% of pediatricians favored comanagement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An effective medical home model of care depends on establishing clear lines of responsibility between the primary care physician and subspecialist. Our findings suggest that primary care physicians and subspecialists agree on who should lead most aspects of care for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and that some aspects of care should be comanaged. However, primary care physicians and subspecialists did not agree either between or within disciplines on who should be more responsible for the basic aspect of monitoring of blood sugar levels. Approaches that recognize the appropriate division of care between primary care physicians and subspecialists, facilitate comanagement when it is needed, and reward the collaboration required to provide medical homes for patients should be investigated as models of care.
authors.affiliation: AccessCare, 3500 Gateway Centre Blvd, Suite 130, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA. swegner@ncaccesscare.org
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lathren
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Humble
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feaganes
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004704:Endocrinology / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D008297:Male; D008511:Medicine; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009657:North Carolina; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013038:Specialization; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin