title: Evidence that the modulatory effect of galanin on inflammatory edema formation is mediated by the galanin receptor 3 in the murine microvasculature.
abstract: Neuropeptides released from cutaneous nerves are attracting interest as modulators of inflammation in the skin. Recently, we showed that the neuropeptides galanin and galanin-like peptide potently inhibit inflammatory edema by reduction of microvascular blood flow. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of murine skin revealed the expression of galanin receptors 2 and 3. The aim of the present study was to elucidate which galanin receptor subtype mediates the galanin-evoked inhibition of inflammatory edema formation in the skin. In this study, we report that AR-M1896, a non-GalR1 agonist, inhibited plasma extravasation induced by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in a manner similar to galanin, confirming a non-GalR1-mediated effect. SNAP 37889, a nonpeptidergic selective antagonist of galanin receptor 3 (GalR3), dose-dependently abolished the antiedema effect of galanin. Thus, we were able to show that SNAP 37889 selectively antagonized galanin in the periphery and suggest that GalR3 is the receptor subtype mediating galanin's effects on the dermal microvasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner-Hauptstrasse 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
authors.forename: Sabine M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Schmidhuber
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Brain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020405:Dermis / Q000098:blood supply; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019004:Galanin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C510288:1-phenyl-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)-1H-indol-2-one; D007211:Indoles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3; C434734:galanin (2-11)-amide; D019004:Galanin