title: Agreement between patient-reported symptoms and their documentation in the medical record.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the agreement between patient-reported symptoms of chest pain, dyspnea, and cough and the documentation of these symptoms by physicians in the electronic medical record.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptoms reported on patient-provided information forms between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2006, were compared with those identified by natural language processing of the text of clinical notes from care providers. Terms that represent the 3 symptoms were used to search clinical notes electronically with subsequent manual identification of the context (eg, affirmative, negated, family history) in which they occurred. Results were reported using positive and negative agreement, and kappa statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms reported by 1119 patients age 18 years or older were compared with the nonnegated terms identified in their clinical notes. Positive agreement was 74, 70, and 63 for chest pain, dyspnea, and cough, while negative agreement was 78, 76, and 75, respectively. Kappa statistics were 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 0.60) for chest pain, 0.46 (95% CI = 0.37, 0.54) for dyspnea, and 0.38 (95% CI = 0.28, 0.48) for cough. Positive agreement was higher for older men (P >.05), and negative agreement was higher for younger women (P >.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found discordance between patient self-report and documentation of symptoms in the medical record. This discordance has important implications for research studies that rely on symptom information for patient identification and may have clinical implications that must be evaluated for potential impact on quality of care, patient safety, and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St, SE, 7-125F Weaver-Densford Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA. pakh0002@umn.edu
authors.forename: Serguei V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Pakhomov
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Chute
authors.forename: Veronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003371:Cough / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006123:Group Practice / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D009323:Natural Language Processing; D012650:Self Disclosure