title: NF-kappaB in carcinoma therapy and prevention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  NF-kappaB includes a family of signal-activated transcription factors that normally regulate responses to injury and infection but which are aberrantly activated in many carcinomas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the activation and role of NF-kappaB in pathogenesis and as a target for treatment and prevention in carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evidence from experimental, epidemiological, preclinical studies and clinical trials cited in the literature are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cumulative evidence implicates NF-kappaB in cell survival, inflammation, angiogenesis, spread and therapeutic resistance during tumor development, progression and metastasis of carcinomas. Non-specific natural and synthetic agents that inhibit NF-kappaB have demonstrated activity and safety in prevention or therapy. NF-kappaB-activating kinases and the proteasome are under investigation for targeted prevention and therapy of carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jonah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Pattatheyil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Carter
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Waes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B