title: Higher risk factor burden and worse outcomes in urban carotid endarterectomy patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous multicenter carotid endarterectomy (CEA) studies had screening criteria for patient comorbidities and very few blacks. We assessed the hypothesis that CEA results from two urban hospitals would approximate those of the previous multicenter trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was completed at two urban hospitals for CEA procedures done in 2003 and 2004. Demographic information and past medical history was recorded. In hospital perioperative complications (stroke or myocardial infarction [MI]) were noted. We calculated an expected perioperative stroke rate based on trial figures and our proportion of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in our cohort had significantly higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, black race, and elderly status compared to previous trials. The expected perioperative stroke was 3.1%, and the observed stroke rate was 4.7% (P=0.36). Observed rates of MI (6.7%, P<0.001)) and stroke or MI (11.3%, P<0.0001) were higher than expected based on the previous trials. The stroke or MI rate in black subjects was higher (15.4% versus 5.6%, P=0.065) and this was significant at the hospital with lower CEA volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In two urban hospitals, CEA results were significantly worse than previous trials. Patient selection is likely to play a role because our cohort had higher numbers of hypertensives, diabetics, smokers, blacks, and elderly patients. Clinicians need to carefully consider the risk/benefit ratio of CEA in urban patients because our study shows that these patients have a large number of medical comorbidities and worse outcomes after CEA.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Program and the Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. SChaturv@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Seemant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.forename: Sunitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santhakumar
authors.forename: Maysaa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehri-Basha
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raje
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D015897:Comorbidity; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population