title: Flow cytometry-based quantification of cytokine levels in AML patients plasma and cell culture supernatants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been found to support leukemic cell survival; however, the mechanisms responsible are far from being elucidated yet. The main aim of the current study is to identify particular cytokine/chemokine patterns of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and, on a longer term, to correlate them with the patient outcome and response to therapy. Therefore, the influence of BMSCs on in vitro modulation of cytokine secretion (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-2) by AML cells as well as the AML cells supportive capacity of BMSCs-derived soluble factors was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  With this purpose, we used an in vitro experimental model consisting in the evaluation of the effect of BMSC confluent layers-conditioning medium (BMSC-CM) on M4/5 AML cell cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that BMSC-CM from both AML patients and healthy subjects conferred a substantial beneficial effect on AML cells throughout the culture (p=0.0002 and 0.0020 respectively at 24 hours and p=0,0013 and 0,0030 respectively at 72 hours), with a temporary increase in AML cell viability conferred by BM plasma from AML patients. Significant differences were observed with respect to IL1 b secretion which was upregulated in AML cell cultures both after 24 and 72 hours following the addition of AML-BMSC-CM, in contrast to control-BMSC-CM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest the contribution of BMSCs from AML patients to the generation of particular factors which may be key players involved in the in vivo maintenance of the malignant clone.
authors.affiliation: Gr.T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iaşi, School of Medicine, Department of Hematology.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dăcălescu
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zlei
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aanei
authors.forename: Didona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ungureanu
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tepeluş
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burcoveanu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dănăilă
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; C404815:IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor, IL-TIF; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma