title: Safety profile of transcranial near-infrared laser therapy administered in combination with thrombolytic therapy to embolized rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcranial near-infrared laser therapy (TLT) is currently under investigation in a pivotal clinical trial that excludes thrombolytic therapy. To determine if combining tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; Alteplase) and TLT is safe, this study assessed the safety profile of TLT administered alone and in combination with Alteplase. The purpose for this study is to determine if the combination of TLT and thrombolysis should be investigated further in a human clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined whether postembolization treatment with TLT in the absence or presence of tPA would affect measures of hemorrhage or survival after large clot embolism-induced strokes in New Zealand white rabbits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TLT did not significantly alter hemorrhage incidence after embolization, but there was a trend for a modest reduction of hemorrhage volume (by 65%) in the TLT-treated group compared with controls. Intravenous administration of tPA, using an optimized dosing regimen, significantly increased hemorrhage incidence by 160%. The tPA-induced increase in hemorrhage incidence was not significantly affected by TLT, although there was a 30% decrease in hemorrhage incidence in combination-treated rabbits. There was no effect of TLT on hemorrhage volume measured in tPA-treated rabbits and no effect of any treatment on 24-hour survival rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the embolism model, TLT administration did not affect the tPA-induced increase in hemorrhage incidence. TLT may be administered safely either alone or in combination with tPA because neither treatment affected hemorrhage incidence or volume. Our results support the study of TLT in combination with Alteplase in patients with stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA. plapchak@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lapchak
authors.forename: Moon-Ku
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Karmen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streeter
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zivin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004617:Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D015996:Survival Rate; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator