Psychosocial working conditions and the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in the Danish workforce.
BACKGROUND
To examine the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders according to psychosocial working conditions in a large population-based sample.


METHODS
Job Exposure Matrix was applied to assess psychosocial working conditions in a population-based nested case-control study of 14,166 psychiatric patients, diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorders during 1995-1998 selected from The Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register, compared with 58,060 controls drawn from Statistics Denmark's Integrated Database for Labour Market Research.


RESULTS
Low job control was associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders in men (IRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.58). In women an elevated risk of depression was related to high emotional demands (IRR 1.39, 95%CI 1.22-1.58) and to working with people (IRR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30). In both sexes high demands were associated with a decreased risk of anxiety disorders. There was a weak association between job strain and anxiety disorders in men (IRR 1.13, 95%, CI 1.02-1.25)


CONCLUSIONS
Psychosocial work exposures related to the risk of depressive and anxiety disorders differ as between the sexes. The pattern of risks is inconsistent. The results give rise to rethinking both study designs and possible causal links between work exposures and mental health.
Wieclaw
Joanna
J
Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Norrebrogade 44, bygning 2C, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. jwiec@as.aaa.dk
Agerbo
Esben
E
Mortensen
Preben Bo
PB
Burr
Hermann
H
Tuchsen
Finn
F
Bonde
Jens Peter
JP
D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*