title: Vasopressin analogues in the treatment of shock states: potential pitfalls.
abstract: Vasopressin analogues are increasingly used for haemodynamic support of catecholamine-refractory, hyperdynamic septic shock. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and terlipressin (TP) effectively increase mean arterial pressure and reduce catecholamine requirements in this condition. However, the use of either of the drugs may be linked to relevant haemodynamic side effects, including reductions in cardiac output, oxygen delivery and mixed-venous oxygen saturation. These alterations may result in impaired tissue perfusion and foster the genesis of ischemic tissue injury. In addition, decreases in platelet count and increases in aminotransferases activity and bilirubin concentration have been reported with the use of V1 agonists. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are of clinical relevance. This review article summarizes the previous data on adverse effects related to the therapy with vasopressin analogues and discusses potential options to prevent such adverse events. In summary, continuous TP infusion appears to be superior to bolus infusion. Maximum doses of 0.03 (-0.067) U min(-1) of AVP or 2 microg kg(-1) h(-1) of TP, respectively, should not be exceeded. Aggressive fluid therapy may prevent adverse haemodynamic effects linked to infusion of either AVP or TP. Finally, platelet count, surrogate variables of hepatic dysfunction, electrolytes and osmolality should be strictly monitored in patients treated with vasopressin analogues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, D-48149 Muenster, Germany. ertmerc@gmx.net
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertmer
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehberg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westphal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D008236:Lypressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D000077585:Terlipressin; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D008236:Lypressin; D000077585:Terlipressin