Glutamine supplementation increases Th1-cytokine responses in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are major effector cells in the gut mucosal immune system, and are phenotypically distinct from thymic and peripheral T cells. Although nutritional supplementation with glutamine affects the intestinal immune response, it remains unclear whether this is a direct effect via the IEL-derived cytokines. This study examined changes in IEL-derived cytokine production following treatment with glutamine in vitro. Murine IELs were purified and activated with PMA plus ionomycin, and then cultured in the presence of various glutamine concentrations. IEL-derived cytokines were measured using a cytometric bead array (CBA) system, and IEL subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Treatment with glutamine increased the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma from IELs in the presence of PMA plus ionomycin, but had no effect on TNFalpha, IL-4, or IL-5 production. Treatment with alanine or glucose had no regulatory effect on IEL-derived cytokines. Glutamine therefore had a direct effect on the production of selected IEL-derived Th1-cytokines, and enteral supplementation with glutamine may influence the intestinal immune responses mediated by IELs.
Horio
Yoshiaki
Y
First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan.
Osawa
Satoshi
S
Takagaki
Kousuke
K
Hishida
Akira
A
Furuta
Takahisa
T
Ikuma
Mutsuhiro
M
D000409:Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
D007376:Interleukin-2; D005973:Glutamine; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005947:Glucose; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D000409:Alanine