title: Courtship and agonistic sounds by the cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra.
abstract: Courtship and agonistic interactions in an African cichlid species present a richer diversity of acoustic stimuli than previously reported. Male cichlids, including those from the genus Pseudotropheus (P.), produce low frequency short pulsed sounds during courtship. Sounds emitted by P. zebra males in the early stages of courtship (during quiver) were found to be significantly longer and with a higher number of pulses than sounds produced in later stages. During agonistic intrasexual quiver displays, males produced significantly longer sounds with more pulses than females. Also, male sounds had a shorter duration and pulse period in courtship than in male-male interactions. Taken together, these results show that the acoustic repertoire of this species is larger than what was previously known and emphasize the importance of further research exploiting the role of acoustic stimuli in intra- and interspecific communication in African cichlids.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Animal e Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C2 Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal. jsimoes@ispa.pt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miguel Simões
authors.forename: Ine S G
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Paulo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clara Amorim
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000378:Agonistic Behavior; D000818:Animals; D023681:Cichlids / Q000502:physiology*; D003380:Courtship; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013997:Time Factors; D014828:Vocalization, Animal