title: Fourth ventriculoceles with extracranial extension: one case report.
abstract: Encephaloceles involving only the herniated fourth ventricle are exceedingly rare. We report a case of such a cranial malformation and review the literature regarding these malformations and their potential embryological derailment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. rstubbs@uab.edu
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukas
authors.forename: Mohammadali M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Shoja
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.forename: W Jerry
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D001933:Brain Stem / Q000002:abnormalities; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004805:Ependyma / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008578:Meninges / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome