title: Voice advisory manikin versus instructor facilitated training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Training of healthcare staff in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is time-consuming and costly. It has been suggested to replace instructor facilitated (IF) training with an automated voice advisory manikin (VAM), which increases skill level by continuous verbal feedback during individual training.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare a VAM (ResusciAnne CPR skills station, Laerdal Medical A/S, Norway) with IF training in CPR using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) in terms of skills retention after 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three second year medical students were included and CPR performance (ERC Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005) was assessed in a 2 min test before randomisation to either IF training in groups of 8 or individual VAM training. Immediately after training and after 3 months, CPR performance was assessed in identical 2 min tests. Laerdal PC Skill Reporting System 2.0 was used to collect data. To quantify CPR performance a scoring system based on the Cardiff test was used. Groups were compared with a Mann Whitney rank sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups when considering change in overall CPR performance score from before training to 3 months after training (P=0.12). However, the IF group performed significantly better than the VAM group in the total score, both immediately after (P=0.0008) and 3 months after training (P=0.02). This difference was primarily related to the BVM skills.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Skill retention in CPR using a bag-valve-mask was better after 3 months when training with an instructor than with an automated voice advisory manikin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopaedics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. dan.lou.isbye@rh.regionh.dk
authors.forename: Dan L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Isbye
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Høiby
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Freddy K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ringsted
authors.forename: Lars S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009048:Motor Skills; D012057:Reinforcement, Verbal; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013337:Students, Medical; D014831:Voice