title: Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 is an independent correlate of proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) has been implicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no knowledge about the correlations between serum levels of MMP-2, proteinuria and atherosclerosis in patients with CKD. We investigated whether serum MMP-2 levels were associated with proteinuria, intima media thickness (IMT), and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  CKD patients without hemodialysis (n = 99) were enrolled. MMP-2 levels were measured by an ELISA system. IMT and carotid atherosclerotic plaque were evaluated by a high-resolution ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses revealed that low-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001), MMP-2 (p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) were independent correlates of proteinuria. Age- and serum creatinine-adjusted MMP-2 levels were significantly increased (p = 0.001) in proportion to the increasing levels of proteinuria. Further, age (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.015) and MMP-2 levels (p = 0.042) were independent correlates of IMT. MMP-2 levels were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in patients with atherosclerotic plaque than those without it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that serum levels of MMP-2 were one of the independent correlates of proteinuria and IMT in patients with CKD. Our results suggest that serum MMP-2 levels may be one of the risk factors for renal damage and atherosclerosis in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaida
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: Takuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusumoto
authors.forename: Shojiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gohara
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2