title: A multi-metabolite analysis of serum by 1H NMR spectroscopy: early systemic signs of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: A three-molecular-window approach for (1)H NMR spectroscopy of serum is presented to obtain specific molecular data on lipoproteins, various low-molecular-weight metabolites, and individual lipid molecules together with their degree of (poly)(un)saturation. The multiple data were analysed with self-organising maps, illustrating the strength of the approach as a holistic metabonomics framework in solely data-driven metabolic phenotyping. We studied 180 serum samples of which 30% were related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a neuropsychological diagnosis with severely increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results underline the association between MCI and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, the low relativeamount of omega-3 fatty acids appears more indicative of MCI than low serum omega-3 or polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration as such. The analyses also feature the role of elevated glycoproteins in the risk for AD, supporting the view that coexistence of inflammation and the MetS forms a high risk condition for cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Computational Medicine Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, FI-02015 HUT, Finland.
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tukiainen
authors.forename: Tuulia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tynkkynen
authors.forename: Ville-Petteri
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jylänki
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kangas
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hokkanen
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vehtari
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gröhn
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallikainen
authors.forename: Hilkka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivipelto
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaski
authors.forename: Reino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soininen
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pirttilä
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Korpela
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D008074:Lipoproteins