title: Restraining expansion of the peak envelope in H/D exchange-MS and its application in detecting perturbations of protein structure/dynamics.
abstract: Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/DX) mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly applied to problems in protein structural biology in order to map protein dynamics and identify sites of interactions. In theory, an MS-based readout of deuterium label incorporation can overcome the concentration, size, purity, and complexity limitations inherent in NMR-based measurements of exchange; however, in practice, these advantages are reduced due to spectral interference and dilution of the sample in deuterium oxide (D 2O). In this study, we demonstrate that popular H/DX labeling strategies aggravate the interference problem and that significant recovery of spectral capacity may be achieved with a "minimalist" strategy. Simulations of peptide deuteration justify large reductions in the level of D 2O used in labeling experiments, as well as reduced numbers of peaks used in making relative labeling measurements between biochemical states of a protein. To demonstrate the utility of a minimalist approach, calmodulin was interrogated in a bottom-up H/DX-MS workflow, and sensitivity to the addition of Ca (2+) as a structural perturbation was measured as a function of % D 2O and the number of peaks used in quantitating deuteration level. It is shown that high sensitivity to change is preserved with deuteration levels of 5.0 +/- 1.1 (apo-CaM) and 1.4 +/- 1.3% (holo-CaM) using 10% D 2O in the labeling experiment. Further, only two peaks of a peptide peak distribution are needed to sensitively monitor changes in protein structure, dynamics, or both.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Slysz
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Percy
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Schriemer
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D041961:Deuterium Exchange Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D002118:Calcium