title: Formation and enhanced biocidal activity of water-dispersable organic nanoparticles.
abstract: Water-insoluble organic compounds are often used in aqueous environments in various pharmaceutical and consumer products. To overcome insolubility, the particles are dispersed in a medium during product formation, but large particles that are formed may affect product performance and safety. Many techniques have been used to produce nanodispersions-dispersions with nanometre-scale dimensions-that have properties similar to solutions. However, making nanodispersions requires complex processing, and it is difficult to achieve stability over long periods. Here we report a generic method for producing organic nanoparticles with a combination of modified emulsion-templating and freeze-drying. The dry powder composites formed using this method are highly porous, stable and form nanodispersions upon simple addition of water. Aqueous nanodispersions of Triclosan (a commercial antimicrobial agent) produced with this approach show greater activity than organic/aqueous solutions of Triclosan.
authors.forename: Haifei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Bien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Duncalf
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hopkinson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Angus
authors.forename: Andrew I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rannard
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D054118:Nanospheres / Q000737:chemistry; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011108:Polymers; D011208:Powders; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D000431:Ethanol; D014260:Triclosan; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; C009717:acid orange 12