title: Quantitative assessment of bone tissue mineralization with polychromatic micro-computed tomography.
abstract: Micro-computed tomography (microCT) has become an important tool for morphological characterization of cortical and trabecular bone. Quantitative assessment of bone tissue mineral density (TMD) from microCT images may be possible; however, the methods for calibration and accuracy have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study investigated hydroxyapatite (HA) phantom sampling limitations, short-term reproducibility of phantom measurements, and accuracy of TMD measurements by correlation to ash density. Additionally, the performance of a global and a local threshold for determining TMD was tested. The full length of a commercial density phantom was imaged by microCT, and mean calibration parameters were determined for a volume of interest (VOI) at 10 random positions along the longitudinal axis. Ten different VOI lengths were used (0.9-13 mm). The root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated for each scan length. Short-term reproducibility was assessed by five repeat phantom measurements for three source voltage settings. Accuracy was evaluated by imaging rat cortical bone (n = 16) and bovine trabecular bone (n = 15), followed by ash gravimetry. Phantom heterogeneity was associated with <0.5% RMSE. The coefficient of variation for five repeat measurements was generally <0.25% across all energies and phantom densities. Bone mineral content was strongly correlated to ash weight (R (2) = 1.00 for both specimen groups and both threshold methods). Ash density was well correlated for the trabecular bone specimens (R (2) > 0.80). In cortical bone specimens, the correlation was somewhat weaker when a global threshold was applied (R (2) = 0.67) compared to the local threshold method (R (2) = 0.78).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. andrew.burghardt@radiology.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Burghardt
authors.forename: Galateia J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kazakia
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laib
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000032:analysis*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006882:Hydroxyapatites