A multi-metabolite analysis of serum by 1H NMR spectroscopy: early systemic signs of Alzheimer's disease.
A three-molecular-window approach for (1)H NMR spectroscopy of serum is presented to obtain specific molecular data on lipoproteins, various low-molecular-weight metabolites, and individual lipid molecules together with their degree of (poly)(un)saturation. The multiple data were analysed with self-organising maps, illustrating the strength of the approach as a holistic metabonomics framework in solely data-driven metabolic phenotyping. We studied 180 serum samples of which 30% were related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a neuropsychological diagnosis with severely increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results underline the association between MCI and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, the low relativeamount of omega-3 fatty acids appears more indicative of MCI than low serum omega-3 or polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration as such. The analyses also feature the role of elevated glycoproteins in the risk for AD, supporting the view that coexistence of inflammation and the MetS forms a high risk condition for cognitive decline.
Tukiainen
Taru
T
Computational Medicine Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, FI-02015 HUT, Finland.
Tynkkynen
Tuulia
T
Mäkinen
Ville-Petteri
VP
Jylänki
Pasi
P
Kangas
Antti
A
Hokkanen
Johanna
J
Vehtari
Aki
A
Gröhn
Olli
O
Hallikainen
Merja
M
Soininen
Hilkka
H
Kivipelto
Miia
M
Groop
Per-Henrik
PH
Kaski
Kimmo
K
Laatikainen
Reino
R
Soininen
Pasi
P
Pirttilä
Tuula
T
Ala-Korpela
Mika
M
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
D006023:Glycoproteins; D008074:Lipoproteins