Good laboratory practice: preventing introduction of bias at the bench.
OBJECTIVE
As a research community, we have failed to demonstrate that drugs which show substantial efficacy in animal models of cerebral ischemia can also improve outcome in human stroke. Summary of Review- Accumulating evidence suggests this may be due, at least in part, to problems in the design, conduct and reporting of animal experiments which create a systematic bias resulting in the overstatement of neuroprotective efficacy.


CONCLUSIONS
Here, we set out a series of measures to reduce bias in the design, conduct and reporting of animal experiments modeling human stroke.
Macleod
Malcolm R
MR
Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Fisher
Marc
M
O'Collins
Victoria
V
Sena
Emily S
ES
Dirnagl
Ulrich
U
Bath
Philip M W
PM
Buchan
Alistair
A
van der Worp
H Bart
HB
Traystman
Richard
R
Minematsu
Kazuo
K
Donnan
Geoffrey A
GA
Howells
David W
DW
D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004345:Drug Industry; D006801:Humans; D011897:Random Allocation; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D012109:Research Support as Topic; D018401:Sample Size; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome