title: Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries, causing pallor followed by cyanosis and redness with pain and sometimes paraesthesia, and, rarely, ulceration of the fingers and toes. Primary or idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) occurs without an underlying disease. Secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (Raynaud's syndrome) occurs in association with an underlying disease. Initially conservative, non-pharmacologic approach is important for these patients, although pharmacologic therapy may ultimately be necessary. Advances in vascular physiology have showed the role of the endothelium as well as endothelium-independent mechanisms in the altered vasoregulation of Raynaud's phenomenon. This has opened promising therapeutic avenues, and it is likely that therapies targeted towards specific pathophysiologic steps become available in the near future.
authors.affiliation: Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, HGR #36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Carrasco
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Hernández
authors.forename: Ricardo O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Escárcega
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Pinto
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pardo-Santos
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Claudio Galarza
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.forename: Gonzalo Pérez
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cervera
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D013563:Sympathectomy, Chemical; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents