title: Prefrontal cortical gamma-aminobutyric Acid levels in panic disorder determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Panic disorder (PD) is hypothesized to be associated with altered function of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies found lower GABA concentrations in the occipital cortex of subjects with PD relative to healthy control subjects. The current study is the first MRS study to compare GABA concentrations between unmedicated PD subjects and control subjects in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Unmedicated subjects with PD (n = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 17) were scanned on a 3 Tesla scanner using a transmit-receive head coil that provided a sufficiently homogenous radiofrequency field to obtain spectroscopic measurements in the dorsomedial/dorsal anterolateral and ventromedial areas of the PFC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prefrontal cortical GABA concentrations did not differ significantly between PD subjects and control subjects. There also was no statistically significant difference in glutamate/glutamine (Glx), choline, or N-acetyl aspartate concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The previously reported finding of reduced GABA concentrations in the occipital cortex of PD subjects does not appear to extend to the PFC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. g.hasler@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasler
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: Marilla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Wayne C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Drevets
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D002794:Choline