title: Efficacy of disease management profiles. The mammographic screening program of Lazio.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Screening programs are considered disease management profiles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of screening programs compared to regularly offered health care services, using early outcomes and process indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study period (1/7/99-30/6/01), six breast cancer screening programs were active in 12 health districts in the Lazio region of Italy. Screening histories of all the incident cases of women surgically treated for a breast neoplasm were reconstructed (not contacted, contacted, non-participants, participants). The subpopulations were then compared for the appropriateness of treatments received.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 3251 women who were treated for malignant neoplasms of the breast and 1562 treated for benign neoplasms. The incidence of malignant neoplasms was higher in the women contacted for screening (incidence rate ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32-1.60), and the incidence of treatment for non-malignancies was similar in the two populations (incidence rate ratio, 1.00: 95% CI, 0.86-1.16). The percentage of surgery for non-malignancies detected by screening was 16.7%, whereas among the cases diagnosed outside a screening program it was 33.8%. Of malignancies detected outside of screening, 16.6% had a surgical treatment that was too invasive, among the screen-detected malignancies the percentage fell to 11% (prevalence rate ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). Women contacted for screening showed a higher incidence of localized and in situ tumors, whereas the incidence of non-localized and metastatic tumors was basically the same in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first round of screening programs led to more surgical interventions, a similar incidence of mastectomy and of interventions for benign neoplasm, but a lower incidence of unnecessary treatment.
authors.affiliation: Agency for Public Health, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy. giorgirossi@asplazio.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giorgi Rossi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chini
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barca
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baiocchi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farchi
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borgia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012107:Research Design