title: Intimate partner and nonpartner violence against pregnant women in rural Haiti.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between violence experienced by pregnant Haitian women in the previous 6 months and pregnancy-related symptom distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 women seeking prenatal care at community health dispensaries in the Artibonite Valley were interviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 4 in 10 women (44.0%) reported that they had experienced violence in the 6 months prior to interview; 77.8% of these women reported that the violence was perpetrated by an intimate partner. Those who experienced intimate partner violence reported significantly greater pregnancy-related symptom distress (beta=0.23, P=0.001). No significant differences between violence perpetrated by family members or others and reporting of symptoms were observed (beta=0.06, P=0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate the need to integrate violence screening, resources, and primary prevention into prenatal care in rural Haiti.
authors.affiliation: Duke University School of Medicine, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: Jhumka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Rikerdy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frederic
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodore
authors.forename: Trace
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kershaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011295:Prenatal Care; D013179:Spouse Abuse