title: Detection of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12) in the intestine after feeding of sows and their piglets.
abstract: A real-time PCR method has been developed to distinguish Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies in the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs. Identification of a highly conserved single-copy tuf gene encoding the elongation factor Tu involved in bacterial protein biosynthesis was used as a marker to differentiate homologous Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (strain Bb12) from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, as well as Bifidobacterium suis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, several species of Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus faecium. Real-time PCR detection of serially diluted DNA extracted from a pure culture of Bb12 was linear for bacterial numbers ranging from 10 to 10,000 tuf gene copies per PCR (r(2) = 0.99). Relative differences in Bb12 bacterial numbers in pigs fed daily with Bb12 were determined after detection of Bb12 tuf gene copies in DNA extracted from the intestinal contents. Piglets treated with Bb12 immediately after birth maintained a high level of Bb12 in their large intestines with continuous daily administration of Bb12. Piglets born to Bb12-treated sows during the last third of their gestation and also treated with Bb12 at birth (T/T group) had a higher number of Bb12 organisms per gram of intestinal contents compared to placebo-treated piglets born to placebo-treated sows (C/C group), Bb12-treated sows (T/C group), or piglets born to placebo sows but treated with Bb12 immediately after birth (C/T group). In addition, there was a significant increase in gene expression for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in piglets from the T/T group, with no change in TLR2 and TLR4. These findings suggest that the tuf gene represents a specific and functional marker for detecting Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain Bb12 within the microbiota of the intestine.
authors.affiliation: US Department of Agriculture, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. Gloria.SolanoAguilar@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Solano-Aguilar
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vinyard
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010444:Peptide Elongation Factor Tu / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D010444:Peptide Elongation Factor Tu