title: Severity of diabetic microvascular complications is associated with a low soluble RAGE level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in diabetic microvascular complications, but several lines of evidence suggest that the soluble isoform of RAGE (sRAGE) may protect against AGE-mediated vessel damage. The characterized AGE Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML) is associated with diabetic microvascular complications. In the present study, we measured blood levels of sRAGE and CML-protein in diabetic patients with and without microvascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with type-2 diabetes were recruited into the study, comprising 20 who had no microvascular complications, and 10 who had both retinal and renal complications. sRAGE was measured in serum by ELISA, and CML by competitive ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sRAGE blood levels were similar in both the controls and diabetic patients without microvascular complications. In patients with complications, the mean sRAGE blood level was significantly decreased (1068+/-231pg/mL) compared with diabetic patients without complications (P=0.028). CML-protein was increased in all diabetic patients, but to a higher extent in those who had microvascular complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of low sRAGE with high CML-protein levels in diabetic patients who developed severe diabetic complications supports the hypothesis that sRAGE protects vessels against AGE-mediated diabetic microvascular damage.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Vascular Biology, INTS, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.forename: M-P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wautier
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meas
authors.forename: P-J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guillausseau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Massin
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wautier
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine