title: Effects of the dual phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on the tumor vasculature: implications for clinical imaging.
abstract: Dysregulated angiogenesis and high tumor vasculature permeability, two vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated processes and hallmarks of human tumors, are in part phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) dependent. NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, was found to potently inhibit VEGF-induced cell proliferation and survival in vitro and VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo as shown with s.c. VEGF-impregnated agar chambers. Moreover, the compound strongly inhibited microvessel permeability both in normal tissue and in BN472 mammary carcinoma grown orthotopically in syngeneic rats. Similarly, tumor interstitial fluid pressure, a phenomenon that is also dependent of tumor permeability, was significantly reduced by NVP-BEZ235 in a dose-dependent manner on p.o. administration. Because RAD001, a specific mTOR allosteric inhibitor, was ineffective in the preceding experiments, we concluded that the effects observed for NVP-BEZ235 are in part driven by PI3K target modulation. Hence, tumor vasculature reduction was correlated with full blockade of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, a PI3K/Akt-dependent but mTORC1-independent effector involved in tumor permeability through NO production. In the BN472 tumor model, early reduction of permeability, as detected by K(trans) quantification using the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging contrasting agent P792 (Vistarem), was found to be a predictive marker for late-stage antitumor activity by NVP-BEZ235.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Allegrini
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Paul M J
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McSheehy
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dartois
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumm
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozens
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Littlewood-Evans
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Echeverría
authors.forename: Sauveur-Michel
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maira
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011804:Quinolines; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C531198:dactolisib