title: Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of alkyl gallate and gallamide derivatives related to (-)-epigallocatechin gallate.
abstract: Green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG: one of the main components of green tea) are reported to have cancer-preventive activity in humans. A previous SAR study of EGCG and derivatives indicated that a galloyl group is essential for the activity. To test this hypothesis, we synthesized various alkyl gallate and gallamide derivatives and evaluated their antiproliferative effects on human leukemia HL-60 cells. Dodecyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (6c) showed the most potent activity, being more potent than EGCG. To clarify the molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative action, we investigated the effects of 6c on various factors. Compound 6c was found to induce apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related caspase-12. Upregulation of gadd-153, an ER-stress marker protein, was also observed. These results indicate that 6c induced apoptosis via the ER-stress-related pathway.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. dodo@iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dodo
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minato
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi-Yachide
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053454:Caspase 12 / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012313:RNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D012313:RNA; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D053454:Caspase 12