title: Possibilities to use tank-mix adjuvants for better fungicide spreading on triticale ears.
abstract: Tank-mix adjuvants can increase the overall performance of plant protection products. Their most important ways of action are the improved retention, spreading, wetting, and penetration of the pesticide on the target and the reduction of fine droplets. In this paper, deposition and spreading of the systemic fungicide propiconazole on triticale ears were quantified. A better deposition and spreading of fungicide on the ear may be a possible help for the Fusarium problem in triticale, wheat, and other cereals. Triticale ears were applied with propiconazole in combination with 11 different tank-mix adjuvants. Vegetable oil, alcohol ethoxylates, lactate ester, trisiloxanes, and an amphoteric molecule were included in this experiment. When no tank-mix adjuvant was used, the lower part of the ear was reached five times less by the propiconazole spray than the upper part of the ear. When the tank-mix adjuvant was combined with the propiconazole formulation, an increase in residue on both the upper and the lower part of the ear was observed. A higher residue on the upper half of the ear means a better deposition, while a higher residue on the lower part of the ear is related to a better downward spreading over the grains and the needles of the ear. The combination of those two observations makes it interesting to use tank-mix adjuvants for the prevention of mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species. The advantages are emphasized even more when cost effectiveness was calculated. The use of a proper tank-mix adjuvant can result in 40% lower cost per application per hectare.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. bertryckaert@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryckaert
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spanoghe
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heremans
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haesaert
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steurbaut
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000382:microbiology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; C045950:propiconazole