title: Determination of sub-ppb cadmium in urine by solid-phase extraction and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
abstract: In order to determine low levels of Cd in urine samples, we tried to remove Mo interference using ICP-MS with a dynamic reaction-cell technique, but failed due to the low sensitivity and the variance with the standards. We then performed solid-phase extraction (SPE) before the ICP-MS measurement. A commercially available chelating resin, NOBIAS PA-1, was used for SPE, and could effectively remove Mo from urine samples, permitting the accurate determination of Cd by ICP-MS. This SPE-ICP-MS method gave 0.012 microg Cd L(-1) as the method limit of quantification, and the mean recovery of Cd spiked with 0.0505 and 5.05 microg L(-1) was 93.1 and 97.6%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Occupational Poisoning, Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization, Ohta, Tokyo 143-0013, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000652:urine*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008982:Molybdenum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008982:Molybdenum