title: Do gender disparities persist in gastroenterology after 10 years of practice?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-sectional studies confirm gender disparity in many aspects of the practice of medicine and surgery. Some data suggest the disparities diminish after 10 yr of practice. This study aims to examine gender discrepancies in income, social, and professional status of gastroenterologists after 10 yr of practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational, cohort study of gastroenterologists incepted upon graduation from a U.S. GI fellowship program in 1993 and 1995. A 36-item questionnaire was sent to the cohort at 3, 5, and 10 yr after graduation from GI fellowship training. The following are the results of the final, 10th year survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 168 men and 25 women (mean age 45.5 yr) responded. Men and women were equally likely to be board certified and married, however, women had fewer children. Men earned a mean annual gross income of $375,000 versus$245,000 for women (P= 0.001). After adjusting for practice setting, work hours, practice-ownership, free endoscopy center practice, and vacation time, female gastroenterologists earned $82,000 (22%) less per year than their male colleagues (95% CI $34,000-130,000, P= 0.001). Women were more frequently in academic practice (38%vs 17%), but were less likely to hold the most advanced academic positions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 10 yr of practice, significant economic, professional, and social disparities persist between male and female gastroenterologists in this cohort. Women were more likely to practice in a setting with flexible work hours, a family leave provision, and in a practice with other women. Initiatives to equalize pay and ensure opportunities for professional advancement for women may diminish the significant practice disparities incurred by women in gastroenterology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Aparajita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larive
authors.forename: Suriya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sastri
mesh_terms: D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011287:Prejudice; D011364:Professional Practice; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States