title: Blood concentrations of the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma during experimentally induced swine dysentery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge of the cytokine response at infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae can help understanding disease mechanism involved during swine dysentery. Since this knowledge is still limited the aim of the present study was to induce dysentery experimentally in pigs and to monitor the development of important immunoregulatory cytokines in blood collected at various stages of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten conventional pigs (~23 kg) were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae B204T. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general body condition. Blood was sampled before inoculation and repeatedly during acute dysentery and recovery periods and cytokine levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, Il-10, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1beta was increased at the beginning of the dysentery period and coincided with the appearance of Serum amyloid A and clinical signs of disease. TNF-alpha increased in all animals after inoculation, with a peak during dysentery, and IL-6 was found in 3 animals during dysentery and in the 2 animals that did not develop clinical signs of disease. IL-10 was found in all sick animals during the recovery period. IFN-gamma was not detected on any occasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B. hyodysenteriae inoculation induced production of systemic levels of IL-1beta during the dysentery period and increased levels of IL-10 coincided with recovery from dysentery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Comparative Physiology and Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. robert.kruse@kv.slu.se
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essén-Gustavsson
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fossum
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jensen-Waern
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017401:Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004403:Dysentery / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma