title: No change in developmental outcome with incubator covers and nesting for very preterm infants in a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in a randomised controlled trial the effect of basic elements of developmental care (incubator covers and positioning aids) on growth and neurodevelopment in infants born at < 32 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants were randomised within 48 h of birth to a developmental care (DC) or standard care (C) group. Outcome measures at 1 and 2 years corrected age were growth, standardised neurological examinations, and mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) development (Dutch version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  192 infants were recruited (DC = 98; C = 94). Thirteen infants (DC = 7, C = 6) were excluded because they were admitted for <5 days or died within the first 5 days. In total, 179 infants met the inclusion criteria. In-hospital mortality was 12/91 (13.2%) in the DC group and 8/88 (9.1%) in the C group. Assessments were carried out on 147 children (DC = 74, C = 73) at 1 year and 142 children (DC = 72, C = 70) at 2 years. No significant difference in growth, neurological outcomes or MDI was found. A positive trend in PDI at 1 year (p = 0.05) did not continue once the children reached 2 years. There was no difference found when neurological and developmental scores were combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Basic developmental care has no positive effect on neurological and mental development or growth at 1 and 2 years of age in infants born at <32 weeks. A positive effect on psychomotor development at 1 year did not continue at 2 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: P H T
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: van Zwieten
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Cessie
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veen
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007186:Incubators, Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome