title: Surgical resection plus stereotactic 125I brachytherapy in adult patients with eloquently located supratentorial WHO grade II glioma - feasibility and outcome of a combined local treatment concept.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current pilot study analyzed feasibility, risk and effectiveness of 1) microsurgery plus stereotactic iodine-125 ((125)I) brachytherapy (SBT) for large (diameter > 4 cm), circumscribed, and complex located WHO grade II glioma and 2) SBT alone for small (diameter < 4 cm), and complex located recurrences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lowactivity temporary (125)I seeds were used. The applied reference dose was 54 Gy and the dose rate was low (median, 10 cGy/h). Time to progression and time to additional external beam radiation (EBR) and/or chemotherapy were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Any adverse sequel potentially attributable to treatment was classified as morbidity. Treatment effects of SBT were estimated according to the modified MacDonald criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirtyone patients (de novo group: n = 18, recurrence group: n = 13) were included. The median tumor volume before surgery was 66 ml. A planned partial tumor resection achieved eligibility for SBT in all patients. Transient morbidity of microsurgery and SBT was 27.8 % and 6.4 %, respectively. There was no permanent morbidity. Radiogenic complications did not occur. Complete response, partial response, and stable disease were seen in 8, 9, and 14 patients, respectively. Ten patients exhibited tumor progression (overall 5-year progression- free survival > 60 %). The 5-year probability to receive chemotherapy and/or EBR was 18 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A planned partial tumor resection of large and complex located WHO grade II glioma is safe. SBT of small and complex located residual of recurrent tumors is safe and minimally invasive. Combined treatment may provide the possibility to withhold EBR and/or chemotherapy for a considerable number of patients and deserves further prospective evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schöller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siefert
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Tonn
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Kreth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001918:Brachytherapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes