title: Family history and age at initiation of colorectal cancer screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and combine the best available epidemiological evidence, by sex and age, that may help decision and policy makers form recommendations as to how much earlier colorectal cancer (CRC) screening should be initiated among people with a family history of CRC than among average-risk people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combining population-based cancer registry and health interview survey data from the United States and results of a recent meta-analysis of epidemiological studies, we estimated cumulative incidence of CRC within subsequent 10 yr (CI(10)) at various ages among men and women with and without a family history of CRC. We estimated both the CI(10) levels reached in average-risk 45-, 50-, 55-, and 60-yr-old men and women and the age at which the same CI(10) levels are reached in men and women with a history of CRC in a first-degree relative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite major differences in CRC risk by sex, and despite the strong age gradient in relative risk associated with a positive family history, "risk advancement periods" for those with a family history were consistently found to be between 9 and 11 yr for both sexes and at all four ages assessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advancement of first CRC screening by 10 yr among both men and women with a family history of CRC compared to the average-risk population (e.g., from 50 to 40 yr of age) appears to be a reasonable, evidence-based recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology