title: Profile of biochemical risk factors for non communicable diseases in urban, rural and periurban Haryana, India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Globalisation and increasing urbanisation in most developing countries including India raises concerns of possibility of a major increase in NCDs in these countries. WHO has recommended a STEPwise approach for NCD risk factor surveillance since risk factors of today are diseases of tomorrow. This paper presents the estimation of biochemical risk factors for NCDs undertaken as a part of the ICMR six centre study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence and levels of bio-chemical risk factors (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels) in urban, rural and periurban locations in Ballabgarh, Haryana.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in urban, rural and periurban areas. A total of 1513 subjects were enrolled (501 in urban, 504 in periurban and 508 in rural areas) with equal distribution by area of residence, sex and age group. Fasting blood glucose and lipids were estimated using enzymatic kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, TGL and low HDL were the highest in the urban area, though there was not much difference in the rural and periurban areas. There was also an increasing trend of all the parameters as age increased in both men and women. 11.4% of men in urban areas had fasting blood glucose above the cut off levels and 44.3% of urban men and women had high cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documents a high burden of biochemical risk factorsnot only in urban areas but also in the periurban and rural population. It has also brought out some technical and operational issues for carrying out biochemical risk factors surveillance in the community. There is a need to scale up from surveys to surveillance mode using appropriate tools and application of this information for policy planning and programme implementation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
authors.forename: Baridalyne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nongkynrih
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Lakshmy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.lastname: Ritvik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol