title: Cross-sectional growth changes in skeletal and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks of children.
abstract: In order to provide standard values for craniofacial growth of normal children, we evaluated the growth changes of skeletal and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks from lateral cephalograms of 180 Japanese children. They were divided into three groups: primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Specific skeletal angles and distances showed significant gender differences with increasing age. The only significant soft tissue gender difference was nose height in the oldest group. Upper pharynx dimension and nose height differed significantly among the groups in both genders. Positions of both the upper and lower lip changed significantly between the intermediate and oldest groups of both genders. Nasolabial angle did not change significantly with growth. The results of this study should be useful for predicting craniofacial growth and development or determining the effect of orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. inada@denta.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Haruaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayasaki
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D012737:Sex Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous