title: A reproducible and quantifiable model of choroidal neovascularization induced by VEGF A165 after subretinal adenoviral gene transfer in the rabbit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A(165) delivered using a high capacity adenoviral vector (HC Ad.VEGF-A) on vascular growth and pathological changes in the rabbit eye. To combine different detection methods of VEGF-A(165) overexpression-induced neovascularization in the rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  HC Ad.VEGF-A(165) was constructed and injected at 5 x 10(6) infectious units (iu) into the subretinal space of rabbit eyes. Two and four weeks postinjection, the development of neovascularization and the expression of HC Ad-transduced VEGF-A(165) protein were followed up in vivo by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies and ex vivo by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a choroidal neovascularization (CNV) with leakage in 83% of the rabbit eyes. Our findings present clear indications that there is a significant effect on the endothelial cells of the choriocapillaris after subretinal transduction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with VEGF-A(165) vector. The choroidal endothelial cells were activated, adherent junctions opened, and the fenestration was minimized, while the extracellular matrix localized between the RPE and the endothelium of the choriocapillaris was enlarged toward the lumen of the vessels, inducing a deep invagination of the endothelial cells into the vessel lumen. They also proliferated and formed pathological vessels in the subretinal space. Moreover,there was an increased expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and VEGF-A accompanied by macrophage stimulation, retinal edema, and photoreceptor loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first model of VEGF-induced CNV in the rabbit in which the pathological events following overexpression of VEGF by RPE cells have been described in detail. Many of the features of our experimental CNV resemble those observed clinically in patients having wet age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Section of Experimental Vitreoretinal Surgery, University Eye Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany. Sylvie.Julien@med.unituebingen.de
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kreppel
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heiduschka
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schnichels
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kochanek
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schraermeyer
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007834:Lasers; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008954:Models, Biological; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A