title: Neuroprotective effects of Yi-Gan San against beta amyloid-induced cytotoxicity on rat cortical neurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that Yi-Gan San (YGS, Yokukan-San in Japanese), a Chinese herbal medicine, alleviates various dementia-related symptoms. However, Chinese herbal medicines have rarely been investigated scientifically and the underlying mechanism of YGS remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect of YGS on beta amyloid protein (Abeta)-induced cytotoxicity in a primary culture of rat cortical neurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical neurons prepared from rat embryos were exposed to Abeta in the presence or absence of YGS. The protective effect of YGS was measured as the % of control (unexposed neurons) by using MTT assay and LDH assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abeta significantly decreased the number of surviving cortical neurons at a dose of 20 microM and higher. In the presence of 20 microM Abeta, YGS concentrations of 10(-5) g/L (W/V) and higher significantly increased the number of viable neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated a neuroprotective effect of Yi-Gan San against Abeta-induced cytotoxicity. Since according to traditional herbal medicine beliefs, YGS most likely exerts its clinical effects not through a single constituent but as a mixture of several herbal ingredients, the true mechanism of this neuroprotective action remains unclear. However, our results suggest that this Chinese herbal medicine might be a valuable treatment for clinical symptoms associated with dementia having fewer side effects and possible additional neuroprotective effects in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan 0608543. tatema@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ukai
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C524644:Yi-Gan San; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; C022616:thiazolyl blue