title: Preliminary study on the quantitative analysis of vocal loading effects on vocal fold dynamics using phonovibrograms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether high-speed digital imaging with phonovibrogram (PVG) analysis would identify changes in vocal fold vibratory characteristics following prolonged reading (vocal fatigue) in subjects with normal voice to evaluate the voice effects of vocal loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three healthy subjects' larynges were examined with an endoscopic high-speed imaging system at 4 different levels of vocal load. Vocal fold dynamics were segmented and processed by PVGs. The PVG images were quantitatively described by a parameter set enabling an individual characterization of vocal fold dynamics. To reveal differences between the subjects, we performed a linear discrimination analysis. Within each subject, the identification of vocal loading effects was performed by statistical analysis (1-way analysis of variance), and 2-tailed paired t-tests were used as a consistency check between left and right vocal fold sides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For each subject, the PVG analysis enabled a precise quantification of the entire range of vocal fold dynamics. Independently of the high-speed videos (vocal loads), each subject could be identified by his or her PVG parameters on linear discrimination analysis. In all subjects, the effect of vocal loading was reflected by alterations of PVG parameters representing the posterior opening and closing dynamics. Evaluation within subjects revealed slight asymmetric vibratory behavior between the left and right vocal folds, confirming earlier assumptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the investigated subjects, vocal loading does affect the vibratory characteristics of the vocal folds. Left-right vocal fold vibratory asymmetries do occur in healthy voices and can be identified by PVGs. High-speed digital imaging in combination with PVG analysis seems to be a promising tool for investigation of vocal fold fatigue and disorders resulting even from small dynamic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lohscheller
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doellinger
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McWhorter
authors.forename: Melda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunduk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*