title: Spontaneous and influenza virus-induced sleep are altered in TNF-alpha double-receptor deficient mice.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with sleep regulation in health and disease. Previous studies assessed sleep in mice genetically deficient in the TNF-alpha 55-kDa receptor. In this study, spontaneous and influenza virus-induced sleep profiles were assessed in mice deficient in both the 55-kDa and 75-kDa TNF-alpha receptors [TNF-2R knockouts (KO)] and wild-type (WT) strain controls. Under baseline conditions the TNF-2R KO mice had less non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) than WTs during the nighttime and more rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) than controls during the daytime. The differences between nighttime maximum and daytime minimum values of electroencephalogram (EEG) delta power during NREMS were greater in the TNF-2R KO mice than in WTs. Viral challenge (mouse-adapted influenza X-31) enhanced NREMS and decreased REMS in both strains roughly to the same extent. EEG delta power responses to viral challenge differed substantially between strains; the WT animals increased, whereas the TNF-2R KO mice decreased their EEG delta wave power during NREMS. There were no differences between strains in body temperatures or locomotor activity in uninfected mice or after viral challenge. Analyses of cortical mRNAs confirmed that the TNF-2R KO mice lacked both TNF-alpha receptors; these mice also had higher levels of orexin mRNA and reduced levels of the purine P2X7 receptor compared with WTs. Results reinforce the hypothesis that TNF-alpha is involved in physiological sleep regulation but plays a limited role in the acute-phase response induced by influenza virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA. kapas@fordham.edu
authors.forename: Levente
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kapás
authors.forename: Stewart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bohnet
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: Jeannine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Majde
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szentirmai
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magrath
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taishi
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000235:genetics; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000068797:Orexins; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012894:Sleep Stages; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; C546469:P2rx7 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; C506236:Tnfrsf1a protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha