title: Outcomes of the POG 9340/9341/9342 trials for children with high-risk neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  From 1993 to 1995, the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) enrolled patients with high-risk neuroblastoma on three sequential, conjoined studies: a phase II induction window (9340), followed by intensive multiagent induction chemotherapy (9341), and subsequent myeloablative therapy with autologous stem cell rescue (9342). We report here the outcomes of patients treated on these studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were between 1 and 21 years old with high-risk neuroblastoma. Phase II window therapy consisted of two courses of either paclitaxel, topotecan, or cyclophosphamide with topotecan. Induction therapy consisted of at least five cycles of intensive chemotherapy, followed by myeloablative therapy with purged autologous stem cell reinfusion. Patient responses, treatment toxicities, and overall and event-free survival rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-four percent of patients responded to induction chemotherapy, with 39% achieving complete response. Toxicities were primarily hematologic. The 7-year EFS and OS rates for all eligible patients on POG 9341 were 23 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 4%, respectively. The 7-year EFS and OS rates for patients treated on POG 9342 were 27 +/- 6% and 29 +/- 6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies were the first attempt by POG to use autologous stem cell transplantation for neuroblastoma treatment in a cooperative group setting. Toxicities and outcomes were comparable to contemporary cooperative group studies. The phase II induction window had no detectable effect on outcomes. New strategies are needed to improve survival for this devastating disease.
authors.affiliation: Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Zage
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kletzel
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castleberry
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wendy B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kretschmar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D019772:Topotecan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D019772:Topotecan; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D007069:Ifosfamide