title: Temporal lobe volume in bipolar disorder: relationship with diagnosis and antipsychotic medication use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested for differences in temporal lobe volume in bipolar disorder and the relationship between these volumes and psychotropic medication use.
  
  
  METHODS
  125 subjects with bipolar disorder and 87 comparison subjects with no psychiatric illness completed clinical interviews and 1.5T MRI brain scans. Temporal lobe volumes were manually traced and segmented into gray matter and white matter volumes using an automated process. General linear models examined the relationship between these volumes and diagnosis as the primary predictor with age, sex, education, and race as copredictors. Secondary analyses incorporated the use of psychotropic medication into the linear models, and parsimonious models developed through backwards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In initial models, subjects with bipolar disorder exhibited larger temporal lobe white matter bilaterally (left: F(1,211)=2.86, p=0.0047; right: F(1,211)=3.25, p=0.0014). Current antipsychotic use was significantly associated with larger bilateral temporal lobe white matter volumes (left: F(2,211)=9.45, p=0.0001; right: F(2,211)=10.79, p<0.0001), wherein bipolar subjects taking antipsychotics had larger volumes than bipolar subjects not taking antipsychotics or healthy comparison subjects. Temporal lobe gray matter volume was not significantly associated with diagnosis or medication use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excluding subjects with substance use disorders may limit the study's generalizability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that differences in temporal lobe white matter are associated with bipolar disorder and use of antipsychotic medications.
authors.affiliation: The Neuropsychiatric Imaging Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States.
authors.forename: Lindsay D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Denise F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: MacFall
authors.forename: K Ranga R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Warren D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents