title: Risk of urinary incontinence symptoms in oral contraceptive users: a national cohort study from the Swedish Twin Register.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of oral contraceptives on lower urinary tract dysfunction in premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  National registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10,791 women (born 1959-1985) from the population- based Swedish Twin Registry who participated in a web-based survey of common diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptoms of urinary incontinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For users of oral contraception there was a significantly reduced risk for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, and urgency urinary incontinence. The reduction remained significant when adjusting for age, body mass index, and pregnancy history. A reduced prevalence of symptoms of overactive bladder in oral contraceptive users was also observed although the association was nonsignificant. There were no significant associations between lower urinary tract symptoms and women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device compared with noncontraceptive users, with the exception of nocturia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral contraceptive use reduces the overall risk for symptoms of urinary incontinence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iliadou
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Milsom
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003267:Contraception / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014427:Twins; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral