title: Prognostic significance of epicardial blood flow before and after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between baseline and post-procedural Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) epicardial blood flow grade and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who were treated with early percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The impact of baseline and post-procedural TIMI flow grade on mortality in patients with ACS has been insufficiently studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective registry included 10,455 patients with ACS who underwent coronary angiography and PCI: 2,853 patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, 3,060 patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, and 4,542 patients with unstable angina. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year, there were 976 deaths: 117 deaths among patients with TIMI flow grade 0 to 1, 105 deaths among patients with TIMI flow grade 2, and 754 deaths among patients with TIMI flow grade 3 (Kaplan-Meier estimates of mortality 28.3%, 18.4%, and 8.0%, respectively; odds ratio: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57 to 1.76, p < 0.001, for TIMI flow grade 0 to 1 vs. TIMI flow grade 2 and odds ratio: 2.51, 95% CI: 2.06 to 3.06, p < 0.001, for TIMI flow grade 2 vs. TIMI flow grade 3). By using the Cox proportional hazards survival model, we identified post-PCI TIMI flow grade (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.70; p < 0.001, for 1 grade increase in TIMI flow grade) but not baseline TIMI grade (hazard ratio: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.22; p = 0.20, for 1 grade increase in TIMI flow grade) as an independent correlate of 1-year mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with ACS treated with early PCI, post-procedural TIMI flow grade but not baseline TIMI flow grade is an independent correlate of 1-year mortality.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Herzzentrum, Munich, Germany. ndrepepa@dhm.mhn.de
authors.forename: Gjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ndrepepa
authors.forename: Julinda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehilli
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Raisuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Dritan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keta
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pache
authors.forename: Melchior
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyfarth
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schömig
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrati
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010477:Perfusion; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors