title: Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolite in peridural anesthesia administered to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peridural blockade with lidocaine, bupivacaine, and fentanyl is an anesthetic procedure extensively used in obstetrics, justifying the pharmacokinetic study of these drugs during labor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of the physiopathological changes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) in pregnant women subjected to peridural anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal pregnant women (group 1) and six pregnant women with GDM (group 2) were studied, all of them at term. The patients received 200 mg 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without a vasoconstrictor by the peridural locoregional route. Maternal blood samples were collected at predetermined times for the analysis of lidocaine and MEGX by chromatography and pharmacokinetic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median pharmacokinetic parameters of lidocaine for groups 1 and 2 (P </= 0.05), respectively, were as follows: for Cmax 879.11 and 1,145.58 ng/ml, AUC(0-infinity) 256.01 and 455.95 mug min(-1) ml(-1), Cl/f/kg 10.61 and 5.64 ml min(-1) kg(-1), and Vd/f/kg 3.26 and 2.19 L/kg. The median pharmacokinetic parameters of MEGX for groups 1 and 2 (P </= 0.05), respectively, were as follows: for Cmax 82.71 and 141.38 ng/ml, Tmax 44.71 and 193.14 min, t(1/2)alpha 7.64 and 59.77 min, alpha 0.097 and 0.012/min, and AUC(0-infinity) 29.91 and 108.23 mug min(-1) ml(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data permit us to conclude that the apparent clearance of lidocaine and MEGX was reduced in diabetic patients compared to normal women, suggesting that GDM inhibits the CYP1A2/CYP3A4 isoforms responsible for the metabolism of this drug and its metabolite.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. elainemoises@hcrp.fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: Elaine Christine Dantas
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Moisés
authors.forename: Luciana de Barros
authors.initials: Lde B
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Ricardo de Carvalho
authors.initials: Rde C
authors.lastname: Cavalli
authors.forename: Maria Paula
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Lanchote
authors.forename: Geraldo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Sérgio Pereira
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: da Cunha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; C001173:monoethylglycinexylidide; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human