title: SAF values for internal photon emitters calculated for the RPI-P pregnant-female models using Monte Carlo methods.
abstract: Estimates of radiation absorbed doses from radionuclides internally deposited in a pregnant woman and her fetus are very important due to elevated fetal radiosensitivity. This paper reports a set of specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) for use with the dosimetry schema developed by the Society of Nuclear Medicine's Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee. The calculations were based on three newly constructed pregnant female anatomic models, called RPI-P3, RPI-P6, and RPI-P9, that represent adult females at 3-, 6-, and 9-month gestational periods, respectively. Advanced Boundary REPresentation (BREP) surface-geometry modeling methods were used to create anatomically realistic geometries and organ volumes that were carefully adjusted to agree with the latest ICRP reference values. A Monte Carlo user code, EGS4-VLSI, was used to simulate internal photon emitters ranging from 10 keV to 4 MeV. SAF values were calculated and compared with previous data derived from stylized models of simplified geometries and with a model of a 7.5-month pregnant female developed previously from partial-body CT images. The results show considerable differences between these models for low energy photons, but generally good agreement at higher energies. These differences are caused mainly by different organ shapes and positions. Other factors, such as the organ mass, the source-to-target-organ centroid distance, and the Monte Carlo code used in each study, played lesser roles in the observed differences in these. Since the SAF values reported in this study are based on models that are anatomically more realistic than previous models, these data are recommended for future applications as standard reference values in internal dosimetry involving pregnant females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: X George
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Stabin
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation