title: The surface properties of nanocrystalline diamond and nanoparticulate diamond powder and their suitability as cell growth support surfaces.
abstract: Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films and nanoparticulate diamond powder (DP) are the two main representatives of diamond at the nanoscale. This study was designed to investigate the suitability of these biomaterials as cell growth supports and to determine surface characteristic properties best suited to cell attachment and proliferation. Surface topography, chemical termination and wetting properties of NCD- and DP-coated borosilicate glass substrates were correlated to attachment, proliferation and differentially regulated gene expression of human renal epithelial cells (HK-2 cell line) cultured on these surfaces. Hydrogen-terminated NCD (NCD-H) surfaces were shown to inhibit cell attachment, which indicates that the lack of functional polar groups prevents adherent cells from settling on a surface, whether nanostructured or not. In contrast to NCD-H, oxygen-terminated NCD (NCD-O) as well as DP surfaces demonstrated improved cell attachment, as compared to borosilicate glass, which is a commonly used material for cell growth supports. NCD-O not only revealed an increased cell attachment, but also a markedly increased proliferation rate. Finally, none of the investigated surface modifications appeared to cause adverse cellular reactions or markedly alter cellular phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Department for Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Pregl Strasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. thomas.lechleitner@i-med.ac.at
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lechleitner
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppi
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perco
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinmüller-Nethl
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Preiner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hinterdorfer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Erminald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertel
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pfaller
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003460:Crystallization; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D011208:Powders; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D018130:Diamond