title: Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The empirical therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed, of which 676 were culture-positive. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to our results, Escherichia coli was the most common etiological agent of UTI (74.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Analysis of the frequency of isolated bacteria according to the age of the patients revealed that Klebsiella infections are more prevalent in the older age groups (>10 years) and Pseudomonas infections are more prevalent in children and the elderly (<9 years and >60 years). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli, as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: amikacin (97.8%), gentamicin (97%), ciprofloxacin (94%), nitrofurantoin (87.1%), nalidixic acid (93.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (48.2%), cephalexin (76%), and ampicillin (6.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly variable and continuous surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens is important.
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Safar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farajnia
authors.forename: Mohammad Yousef
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Alikhani
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghotaslou
authors.forename: Behrooz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Naghili
authors.forename: Ailar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakhlband
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006095:Gram-Positive Cocci / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents