title: Influence of spontaneous pursed lips breathing on walking endurance and oxygen saturation in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how spontaneously used pursed lips breathing influences walking endurance, oxygen saturation and dyspnoea in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized open-label, cross-over study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients participating in a rehabilitation programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation centre at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients performed two endurance shuttle walking tests in random order. During endurance shuttle walking test I a mouthpiece was used in order to prevent spontaneous pursed lips breathing. During endurance shuttle walking test II spontaneous pursed lips breathing was used freely. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and the patients' estimated dyspnoea and leg fatigue on a Borg Category Ratio 10 scale were recorded before, directly after, and 5 and 10 minutes after the tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When spontaneous pursed lips breathing was used the patients walked on an average for 37 seconds (16%) longer (P<0.01) than when pursed lips breathing was prevented. The patients desaturated considerably during both walking tests but the average drop in oxygen saturation was 1.2% less when spontaneous pursed lips breathing was employed. There were no significant differences in rated degree of dyspnoea or leg fatigue with or without pursed lips breathing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Spontaneous pursed lips breathing can be a useful technique to increase walking endurance and reduce oxygen desaturation during walking in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. gun.faager@karolinska.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faager
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stâhle
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*