title: A novel mechanism by which silica defends grasses against herbivory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have shown that silica in grass leaves defends them against small herbivores, which avoid high-silica grasses and digest them less efficiently. This study tested the idea that silica can reduce digestibility by preventing the mechanical breakdown of chlorenchyma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both the percentage of total chlorophyll liberated from high- and low-silica grass leaves by mechanical grinding and the chlorophyll content of locust faeces were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-silica grasses released less chlorophyll after grinding and retained more after passing through the gut of locusts, showing that silica levels correlated with increased mechanical protection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that silica may defend grasses at least in part by reducing mechanical breakdown of the leaf, and that mechanical protection of resources in chlorenchyma cells is a novel and potentially important mechanism by which silica protects grasses.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Jackson's Mill, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ennos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D031751:Festuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000502:physiology*; D008129:Lolium / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002734:Chlorophyll; D012822:Silicon Dioxide