Cross-sectional growth changes in skeletal and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks of children.
In order to provide standard values for craniofacial growth of normal children, we evaluated the growth changes of skeletal and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks from lateral cephalograms of 180 Japanese children. They were divided into three groups: primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Specific skeletal angles and distances showed significant gender differences with increasing age. The only significant soft tissue gender difference was nose height in the oldest group. Upper pharynx dimension and nose height differed significantly among the groups in both genders. Positions of both the upper and lower lip changed significantly between the intermediate and oldest groups of both genders. Nasolabial angle did not change significantly with growth. The results of this study should be useful for predicting craniofacial growth and development or determining the effect of orthodontic treatment.
Inada
Emi
E
Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. inada@denta.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Saitoh
Issei
I
Hayasaki
Haruaki
H
Yamada
Chiaki
C
Iwase
Yoko
Y
Takemoto
Yoshihiko
Y
Matsumoto
Yuko
Y
Yamasaki
Youichi
Y
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D010614:Pharynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D012737:Sex Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous