title: Gene profiling analysis of ALVAC infected human monocyte derived dendritic cells.
abstract: The recombinant canarypox virus ALVAC is being extensively studied as vaccine vector for the development of new vaccine strategies against chronic infectious diseases and cancer. However, the mechanisms by which ALVAC initiates the immune response have not been completely elucidated. In order to determine the type of innate immunity triggered by ALVAC, we characterized the gene expression profile of human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) upon ALVAC infection. These cells are permissive to poxvirus infection and play a key role in the initiation of immune responses. The majority of the genes that were up-regulated by ALVAC belong to the type I interferon signaling pathway including IRF7, STAT1, RIG-1, and MDA-5. Genes involved in the NF-kappaB pathway were not up-regulated. The gene encoding for the chemokine CXCL10, a direct target of the transcription factor IRF3 was among those up-regulated and DC secretion of CXCL10 following exposure to ALVAC was confirmed by ELISA. Many downstream type I interferon activated genes with anti-viral activity (PKR, Mx, ISG15 and OAS among others) were also up-regulated in response to ALVAC. Among these, ISG15 expression in its unconjugated form by Western blot analysis was demonstrated. In view of these results we propose that ALVAC induces type I interferon anti-viral innate immunity via a cytosolic pattern-recognition-receptor (PRR) sensing double-stranded DNA, through activation of IRF3 and IRF7. These findings may aid in the design of more effective ALVAC-vectored vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Sanofi-Pasteur, Campus Mérieux, 1541 Avenue Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France. anke.harenberg2@sanofipasteur.com
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harenberg
authors.forename: Florine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burdin
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spada
mesh_terms: D028121:Canarypox virus / Q000276:immunology*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C078788:ALVAC vaccine; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D007370:Interferon Type I; D014452:Ubiquitins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C074034:ISG15 protein, human; D012313:RNA