title: Patterns of motivations and ways of quitting smoking among Polish smokers: a questionnaire study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of Polish smokers declare their will to quit smoking and many of them attempt to quit. Although morbidity and mortality from tobacco-related diseases are among the highest in the world, there is a lack of comprehensive cessation support for smokers. We aimed to investigate how Poles, including the medically ill, cope with quitting cigarettes and what their motivations to quit are.
  
  
  METHODS
  Convenience sampling was used for the purpose of the study. Individuals attending several health care units were screened for a history of quit attempts. Ex-smokers were defined as smoking previously at least one cigarette/day but who have no longer been smoking for at least one month. Attempts at quitting were defined as abstaining from cigarettes for at least one day. Data on socio-demographics, tobacco use, quitting behaviors and reasons to quit from 618 subjects (385 ex- and 233 current smokers) who fulfilled these criteria were collected with the use of a questionnaire. For the comparison of proportions, a chi-square test was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the entire study population, 77% of smokers attempted to quit smoking on their own and a similar proportion of smokers (76%) used the cold turkey method when quitting. Current smokers were more likely than former smokers to use some form of aid (p = 0.0001), mainly nicotine replacement therapy (68%). The most important reasons for quitting smoking were: general health concern (57%), personal health problems (32%) and social reasons (32%). However, 41% of smokers prompted to quitting by personal health problems related to tobacco smoking did not see the link between the two. A small proportion of ex-smokers (3%) abstaining from cigarettes for longer than a year were not confident about their self-efficacy to sustain abstinence further.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of Polish smokers, including patients with tobacco-related diseases, attempt to quit without smoking cessation assistance, thus there is a need for a broader professional help for them. There is also a lack of general information on hazards related to tobacco and further anti-tobacco campaigns in media are needed. Finally, former smokers should be given more attention and periodic inquiries regarding the smoking habit are worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul, Debinki 7, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland. asieminska@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieminska
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buczkowski
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jassem
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.forename: Romana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ucinska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chelminska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires