title: Cardiovascular morbidity in psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence for cardiovascular mortality among patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has accumulated, together with evidence for increased prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe cardiovascular morbidity in PsA, determine its prevalence and identify risk factors for its development.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the University of Toronto, patients were followed up prospectively according to a standard protocol, including disease-related features and comorbidities. Patients with CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), angina, hypertension and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), were identified. The prevalence of CVD morbidities in these patients was compared with data from the Canadian Community Health Survey through standardised prevalence ratios (SPRs). Cox relative risk regression analysis was used to analyse risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of analysis, 648 patients were registered in the database. After clinic entry, 122 developed hypertension, 38 had an MI and 5, 21 and 11 had CVA, angina and congestive heart failure (CHF), respectively. 155 patients had at least one of these conditions. The SPRs for MI (2.57; 95% CI 1.73 to 3.80), angina (1.97; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.12) and hypertension (1.90; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.27) were statistically significant, whereas the SPRs for CHF (1.19; 95% CI 0.50 to 2.86) and CVA (0.91; 95% CI 0.34 to 2.43) were not. Factors associated with CVD included diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and high Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with PsA are at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidities compared with the general population. In addition to known risk factors for CVD, severe psoriasis is an important predictor in patients with PsA.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Prognosis Studies in The Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. dafna.gladman@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Gladman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: B D M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Schentag
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Farewell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000150:complications*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult