title: [Stereology as a tool to estimate brain volume and cortical atrophy in elders with dementia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  stereology is a body of methods that allow unbiased and efficient estimation of geometric quantities defined in arbitrary physical structures. In particular, stereology is a valuable tool to assist neuroimaging in the estimation of morphometric parameters in the brain. Therefore, stereology may confer objectivity in the complementary and diagnostic evaluation of dementia by adding disease by adding quantitative data to clinical evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  our purpose was to illustrate estimation of brain volume and pial surface area by means of quantitative, computer-assisted stereological methods. Both parameters were estimated by means of a vertical design with a single series of parallel Cavalieri sections at a random orientation and perpendicular to a fixed horizontal plane. The sections were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Suitable test systems (of test points for volume, and of cycloids for surface area) were superimposed on these sections with the aid of special software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  to explore the statistical error of the volume estimator due to stereological sampling, 5 or 10 systematic sections were used in combination with two test point densities in a ratio of 1:4, so that the workload varied in the proportions 1:2:4:8. The four resulting estimators varied between 986 and 1120 cm(3). The surface area estimators varied between 1947 and 2096 cm(2), with workloads varying in the proportions of 1:2:2.3:4.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  stereology is a simple and efficient tool to obtain objective brain volume and surface area estimators that are unbiased by design and accurate at a modest cost. Thus the corresponding methods can effectively assist in diagnostic and follow-up evaluation of elders with dementia.
authors.affiliation: Residencia de Mayores de Santander, Consejería de Sanidad, Gobierno de Cantabria, Santander, España. cfdezviadero@ono.com
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Viadero
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Mandly
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Verduga
authors.forename: Dámaso
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Luis Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cruz-Orive
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size