title: Oral nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and vertebral fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertebral fractures are the most common osteoporotic fracture. They are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and also predict future vertebral and non-vertebral fracture risk. Bisphosphonates are the current mainstay for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Health authority guidelines request that assessment of vertebral fracture risk reduction is part of the evaluation of bisphosphonate efficacy. In this review, we compare the published evidence for the efficacy of the nitrogen-containing oral bisphosphonates in reducing the risk of vertebral fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of publications in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the most frequently prescribed oral bisphosphonate therapies (alendronate, ibandronate and risedronate) was carried out using the Dialog (Embase and Medline) and Cochrane online scientific citation databases. Eligible publications were those reporting randomized, placebo-controlled trials that included vertebral fracture as the primary or secondary endpoint (any time-point).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 159 publications identified, six studies assessing alendronate, ibandronate and risedronate met the pre-defined eligibility criteria. In total, 14,083 women were included in the studies, with 8182 patients receiving active treatment. Most studies were 3 years in duration. Discontinuation rates varied from 11 to 45%, being highest in those studies that specified one or more vertebral fracture as part of the inclusion criteria. Across these studies, the reduction in the risk of vertebral fractures ranged from 41 to 62% (44-48% for alendronate; 41-49% for risedronate; 62% for ibandronate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nitrogen-containing oral bisphosphonates effectively reduce the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fracture, with the magnitude of effect ranging from 41 to 62%.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Sanitaria Genovese, Genoa, Italy. gerolamo_bianchi@tin.it
authors.forename: Gerolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sambrook
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D017698:Postmenopause; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D009584:Nitrogen