title: Ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors among methadone-maintained women receiving contingency management for cocaine use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify ethnic differences in HIV risk behaviors among cocaine using women receiving methadone maintenance for opioid dependence, and to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management (CM) for cocaine use disorders in reducing HIV risk behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  African American (N=47), Hispanic (N=47), and White women (N=29) were randomized to standard methadone treatment or standard methadone treatment plus a CM intervention. They completed the HIV Risk Behavior Scale (HRBS) indicating frequency of drug use and sexual behaviors across the lifetime, in the month before baseline, and in the 3 months following clinical trial participation. Ethnic group differences and the effect of CM on change in HIV risk behaviors between baseline and follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White women reported significantly higher lifetime rates of risky drug use and sexual behaviors on the HRBS than African American women; neither group differed significantly from Hispanic women. No ethnic group differences in HIV risk behaviors were identified in the month prior to baseline. At follow-up, African American women reported fewer high-risk drug use behaviors than White or Hispanic women, and Hispanic women reported more high-risk sexual behaviors than White or African American women. CM was associated with reduction in high-risk drug use behaviors regardless of ethnicity, but did not affect high-risk sexual behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  White women receiving methadone maintenance engage in more lifetime HIV risk behaviors than African American women. CM for cocaine use reduces risky drug use behaviors, but certain ethnic groups may benefit from additional targeted HIV prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States. barry@psychiatry.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Jeremiah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weinstock
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Petry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D044383:Black People; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014040:Token Economy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000208:ethnology*; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone