title: Risk of stroke, heart attack, and diabetes complications among veterans with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the rates of diabetes and macrovascular conditions in veterans with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine variations by patient-level demographic, socioeconomic, access, and health status factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis. Diabetes status was classified by merging with diabetes epidemiology cohort using a validated algorithm. Chi-square tests and logistic regressions used to compare rates in macro- and microvascular conditions in veterans with and without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Veteran Health Administration clinic users in fiscal year (FY) 1999 to FY 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  SCI patients (N=8769) with diabetes (n=1333), in FY 2000, identified through the SCI registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macrovascular and microvascular conditions in the next year (February 2001). Derived from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification, codes in the patient treatment files.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 15% of SCI veterans were identified with diabetes but this was an underestimate due to high mortality (8%). Among SCI veterans with diabetes, 49% had at least one macrovascular condition and 54% had microvascular conditions compared with 24% and 25% of those without diabetes (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study highlights the highly significant relationship between diabetes and macro- and microvascular conditions in veterans with SCI. Neurologic deficit combined with increased insulin resistance has a greater macrovascular impact on SCI veterans than on those who do not have diabetes. Increasing age and physical comorbidities compound the problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veteran Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Service Center for Health Care Knowledge and Management, East Orange, NJ 07018, USA. Ranjana.Banerjea@va.gov
authors.forename: Ranjana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banerjea
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sambamoorthi
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weaver
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maney
authors.forename: Leonard M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pogach
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Findley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*