title: Transrectal ultrasound- and fluoroscopic-assisted transurethral incision of ejaculatory ducts: a problem-solving approach to nonmalignant hematospermia due to ejaculatory duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ejaculatory duct obstruction (EJDO) has traditionally been managed with transurethral resection of ejaculatory ducts (TURED). However, wide resection has potential complications and risk of postoperative morbidity. We demonstrate a technique using transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and fluoroscopy to assist with transurethral incision of the ejaculatory duct (TUIED) to treat hematospermia due to obstruction by either a stone or a prostatic cyst.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with ejaculatory disorders including hematospermia underwent TUIED between 1997 and 2005. Diagnosis, the cause of hematospermia, and the level of EJDO was confirmed by semen analysis, semen culture, and TRUS. All patients were subjected to TRUS-guided seminal vesicle aspiration followed by seminal vesiculography using methylene blue mixed with contrast under biplanar TRUS guidance and fluoroscopic monitoring. After confirming the cause and level of obstruction, the ejaculatory duct was opened using endoscissors until the obstruction was relieved as confirmed by free flow of methylene blue. Stones were removed if any were present. A Foley catheter was kept in place for 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement of symptoms was noted in 96% of patients with ejaculatory disorders. All patients with painful ejaculation and hematospermia had complete remission of symptoms at 3 months postoperatively; three patients had transient epididymo-orchitis, and none had retrograde ejaculation or incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TUIED is a viable and minimally-invasive option for treating EJDO causing ejaculatory disorders including hematospermia with minimal morbidity and early recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manohar
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganpule
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D004543:Ejaculatory Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D051516:Hemospermia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen; D014463:Ultrasonography; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media