B- and T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis: novel approaches offer new insights.
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), several target antigens of encephalitogenic T- and B-cell responses have been identified. However, in human multiple sclerosis (MS) the target antigens of pathogenic T and B cells have remained conjectural. Here we discuss how recent methodological advances have offered new insights into the nature of B- and T-cell receptor repertoires expressed in MS tissues, and how novel approaches have helped to identify neurofascin as a target of anti-axonal autoantibodies in MS and EAE.
Hohlfeld
Reinhard
R
Department of Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. hohlfeld@neuro.mpg.de
Meinl
Edgar
E
Dornmair
Klaus
K
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C054305:NFASC protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D020543:Proteome