title: Rate-responsive pacing in patients with heart failure: long-term results of a randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronotropic incompetence (CI) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) develops frequently under beta-blocker and amiodarone therapy. It can be corrected by pacing. We performed a randomized study to test whether pacing is beneficial in CHF patients with CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Congestive heart failure patients under combined beta-blocker and amiodarone therapy (n = 77) were randomly assigned to inhibited pacing (INH; basal rate 40 bpm/hysteresis 30 bpm; n = 38) or to DDDR pacing with optimized atrioventricular delay (OPT; stimulation rate 65-120 bpm, n = 39). Groups showed similar baseline values in NYHA class, heart rate, and ejection fraction (EF) and were followed up to 10 years. The resting and mean 24 h heart rate after 1 year decreased by -2.6/-5 bpm in INH, but increased by +3.6/+6.0 bpm in the OPT group (P < 0.001). The QRS interval after 1 year increased by 12 +/- 23 ms in the INH group, but +32 +/- 36 ms in the OPT group (P < 0.01). Patients with INH developed a greater left ventricular EF (LVEF) when compared with OPT patients (+10.6 +/- 8 vs. +2 +/- 10%, respectively; P = 0.04). Changes in LVEF were negatively correlated with heart rate, but not with QRS width changes. Prognosis and the event rate were better in the INH group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the long-term follow-up, single-site ventricular pacing in patients with CHF and low LVEF is associated with significant clinical events and a poor prognosis.
authors: Medical Department, Hamburger Str. 41, St Adolfstift, Reinbek D-21465, Germany. herbert.naegele@krankenhaus-reinbek.de
authors: Herbert
authors: H
authors: Nägele
authors: Wilfried
authors: W
authors: Rödiger
authors: Maria Angeles
authors: MA
authors: Castel
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome