title: Wood smoke-associated lung disease: a clinical, functional, radiological and pathological description.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately half of the world's population, and up to 90% of households in rural areas of developing countries, depend on biomass for cooking and heating.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, México City.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe wood smoke-associated lung disease (WSLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Description of the clinical, functional and radiological manifestations of patients with WSLD, and a comparison of pathological findings of patients who died of WSLD and smokers who died of chronic bronchitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with WSLD were non-smoking women with chronic bronchitis, in whom asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, congestive heart failure, extreme obesity and alfa-1 antitrypsin deficiency had been excluded. All patients used wood for cooking and had been exposed to wood smoke for a median of 45 years. Dyspnoea, airway obstruction, air trapping, increased airway resistance, pathological evidence of anthracosis, chronic bronchitis, centrilobular emphysema and pulmonary hypertension were present in most patients with WSLD. Bronchial squamous metaplasia was a common finding. There were no significant differences in the histopathological findings between patients with WSLD and smokers. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was absent in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with WSLD have obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pulmonary hypertension comparable to smokers.
authors: Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. morano@queensu.ca
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Moran-Mendoza
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Pérez-Padilla
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Salazar-Flores
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Vazquez-Alfaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015208:Smoke Inhalation Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012906:Smoke