title: Oxidative stress induced by lead in chloroplast of spinach.
abstract: Seedlings of spinach were grown in Hoagland's medium containing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 microM PbCl2, respectively, for 4 weeks. Chloroplasts were assayed for overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals (O2(*-)) and hydrogen peoxide (H2O2) and of lipid peroxide (malonyldialdehyde) and for activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione content, oxygen-evolving rate, and chlorophyll content. Increase in both ROS and lipid peroxide content and reduction in photosynthesis and activities of the antioxidant defense system indicated that spinach chloroplast underwent a stress condition due to an oxidative attack. Seedling growth cultivated in containing Pb2+ media was significantly inhibited. The results imply that spinach chloroplast was not able to tolerate the oxidative stress induced by Pb2+ due to having no effective antioxidant defense mechanism.
authors: Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
authors: Xiao
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Wu
authors: W
authors: Xiao
authors: Hao
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Huang
authors: H
authors: Hao
authors: Xiaoqing
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: Xiaoqing
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Chen
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Liang
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Liu
authors: Liu
authors: L
authors: Chao
authors: Mingyu
authors: M
authors: Su
authors: Su
authors: S
authors: Mingyu
authors: Fashui
authors: F
authors: Hong
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Fashui
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007854:Lead; D010544:Peroxidases; C121048:guaiacol peroxidase; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase