title: Combined effects of heat, nisin and acidification on the inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes spores in carrot-alginate particles: from kinetics to process validation.
abstract: Combined effects of mild temperatures, acidification and nisin on the thermal resistance of Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 11437 spores were assessed. Inoculated carrot-alginate particles were used as a solid-food model for the validation of the spore inactivation during the flow of a solid-liquid food system through the holding tube of an aseptic processing unit. Inactivation kinetics was studied in a water bath with the spores inoculated into carrot-alginate particles and in Sorensen's phosphate buffer. For temperatures of 70-90 degrees C, D-values in the buffer were 24.9-5.7 min, much lower than those evaluated for the particles (115.1-22.2 min). Statistical analyses showed significant synergistic effects of temperature and pH on spore inactivation for both media. Acidification reduced the heat resistance of the spores by reducing the D-values. Nisin was not significantly effective at the lower concentrations (up to 750 IU/g). The combination of 90 degrees C, pH: 4.5 and 500IU/g nisin resulted in a ten-fold decrease of the D-value for spores inoculated in the particles (from 111.1 to 10.6 min). Microbial validation tests were conducted using a pilot-scale aseptic processing unit with a mixture of carrot cubes (10%) and carrier liquid of 2%-carboxymethylcellulose solution (90%). Spore-inoculated carrot-alginate particles (initial counts of 106 CFU/g, obtained after come-up-time pre-heat) with pH 3.5 and 2000 IU/g nisin were processed at 90 degrees C in the aseptic processing unit. Microbial analysis showed no spore survivors in the particles after passing through the holding tube (5.2-6.0 min of residence time). The proposed combination of these hurdles significantly enhanced the spore inactivation rate (D(90)=1.17 min) as compared to that for thermal treatment only (D(90)=19.6 min).
authors: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant Blvd. West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 8E3.
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Naim
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Zareifard
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zhu
authors: R H
authors: RH
authors: Huizing
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Grabowski
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Marcotte
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008954:Models, Biological; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D009561:Nisin; D020723:Glucuronic Acid