title: Interferon-gamma conditioning ex vivo generates CD25+CD62L+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells that prevent allograft rejection: potential avenues for cellular therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Regulatory T cells (Treg) play important roles in preventing autoimmunity, graft-versus host disease and transplant rejection. In rodent transplant models, tolerance induction strategies can induce graft protective CD25CD4 Treg in vivo but therapeutic exploitation of active regulation will more likely depend on protocols that allow generation or selection of regulatory cells ex vivo for use as a cellular therapy. We have used adoptive transfer skin and islet allograft models to identify, develop and evaluate ex vivo protocols that generate donor-reactive, adaptive Treg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naïve CDA CD4 T cells were stimulated with allogeneic antigen-presenting cell under neutral conditions or with cytokine modification, restimulated under identical conditions and subsequently analyzed for cytokine profile, phenotypic markers characteristic of Treg and in vivo regulatory function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without modification, CD4 T cells default to a Th2 phenotype characterized by a dominant interleukin-4 response which is profoundly detrimental to allograft survival. However, addition of exogenous interferon-gamma suppresses interleukin-4 production without priming for effector function, induces suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 and results in up-regulation of Foxp3 and CD62L. The generation of these populations is enhanced by, but is independent of, the presence of naturally occurring endogenous Treg. Most importantly, when tested for regulatory function in vivo, these cells prevent rejection of both skin and islet allografts mediated by effector T cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data reveal an unexpected role for interferon-gamma in the generation of Treg ex vivo and suggest a possible route for the generation of regulatory cells for therapeutic use.
authors: Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors: Gang
authors: G
authors: Feng
authors: Kathryn J
authors: KJ
authors: Wood
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Bushell
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D019041:L-Selectin; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma