title: An analysis of the effect of statin use on the efficacy of bacillus calmette-guerin treatment for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is an effective immunotherapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder and it reduces recurrence from resected papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Many patients receiving bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy are concurrently taking statin agents, which have known immunomodulatory properties and may alter the performance of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Some data have suggested that patients taking a statin while on bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy experience reduced clinical efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of 952 consecutive patients from 1978 through 2006. Time to recurrence and progression to surgery were compared between those taking and those not taking a statin by Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression controlling for stage and grade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 245 (26%) patients taking a statin before bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy and 707 not on statin therapy (74%). A total of 796 patients had recurrence overall with 214 in the statin group and 582 in the other group. Median time to recurrence was similar between those who did and those who did not use a statin. On multivariable analysis statin use was not significantly associated with recurrence (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 0.81, 1.34; p = 0.7) or progression to surgery (hazard ratio 0.77; 95% CI 0.52, 1.13; p = 0.17) after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study in a large cohort of patients showed no statistically significant association between statin use and recurrence or progression to open surgery in patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Based on these data patients should not be discouraged from taking statins while undergoing bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment.
authors: Division of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. berglunr@mskcc.org
authors: Ryan K
authors: RK
authors: Berglund
authors: Caroline J
authors: CJ
authors: Savage
authors: Kinjal C
authors: KC
authors: Vora
authors: Jordan M
authors: JM
authors: Kurta
authors: Angel M
authors: AM
authors: Cronin
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors