title: Optimal arterial phase imaging for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma determined by continuous image capture on 16-MDCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal time delay before the initiation of arterial phase scanning for detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on 16-MDCT when a rapid bolus injection of contrast medium is administered.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 25 patients (19 men and six women; mean age, 63.5 years; age range, 50-81 years) with pathologically confirmed HCC were included. Dynamic 16-MDCT imaging was performed in cine mode using 70 mL of nonionic iodinated contrast medium (300 mg I/mL) at an injection rate of 7 mL/s. Four consecutive 5-mm-thick slices at the maximum diameter of the HCC were selected as the region of interest. Time-attenuation curves were generated by region of interest drawn on the aorta, tumor, and liver. Qualitative assessments of conspicuity for contrast medium wash-in, peak, and wash-out of aorta and tumor were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 108 arterial phase enhancing lesions (mean [+/-SD], 4.9 +/- 2.4 cm; range, 0.7-12.9 cm) in the 25 patients. The maximum Hounsfield value of aorta, tumor, and background liver parenchyma were 463.8 +/- 98 HU, 106.5 +/- 19 HU, and 98.3 +/- 14 HU, respectively. At the time of onset of peak tumor enhancement, the difference between tumor density and background liver density was 38.2 +/- 19 HU. The time-attenuation curve showed that the mean times of contrast enhancement start, peak, and end were 9.2 +/- 2.7 seconds, 19.4 +/- 2.1 seconds, and 38 +/- 13.5 seconds, respectively, for the aorta, and 15.5 +/- 2.6 seconds, 26.3 +/- 2.9 seconds, and 57.7 +/- 14.4 seconds, respectively, for 25 pathologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinomas. Qualitatively, the mean times of contrast enhancement wash-in, peak, and washout were 10.2 +/- 2.8 seconds, 19.9 +/- 3 seconds, and 39.9 +/- 9.2 seconds, respectively for the aorta, and 18 +/- 4.2 seconds, 27 +/- 3 seconds, and 55.7 +/- 21 seconds, respectively, for tumor. There were no differences between quantitative and qualitative measurements of wash-in and peak time for the aorta (p = 0.00017, p = 0.00016) and tumor (p = 0.00163, p = 0.00040).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using 70 mL of 300 mg I/mL of contrast medium with an injection rate of 7 mL/s in 16-MDCT scanning, the optimal time to initiate scanning for HCC is 26.3 +/- 2.9 seconds (range, 24.0-34.5 seconds) after contrast medium administration.
authors: Department of Abdominal Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, WHT 2-270, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Xiaozhou
authors: X
authors: Ma
authors: Anthony E
authors: AE
authors: Samir
authors: Nagaraj-Setty
authors: NS
authors: Holalkere
authors: Dushyant V
authors: DV
authors: Sahani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007455:Iodine