title: Undernutrition during suckling in rats elevates plasma adiponectin and its receptor in skeletal muscle regardless of diet composition: a protective effect?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nutrition during critical periods in early life may increase the subsequent risk of obesity, hypertension and metabolic diseases in adulthood. Few studies have focused on the long-term consequences of poor nutrition during the suckling period on the susceptibility to developing obesity when exposed to a palatable cafeteria-style high-fat diet (CD) after weaning.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined the impact of early undernutrition, followed by CD exposure, on blood pressure, hormones and genes important for insulin sensitivity and metabolism and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (CPT-1), cytochrome c oxidase 4 (COX4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Following normal gestation, Sprague-Dawley rat litters were adjusted to 18 (undernourished) or 12 (control) pups. Rats were weaned (day 21) onto either palatable CD or standard chow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early undernourished rats were significantly lighter than control by 17 days, persisting into adulthood only when animals were fed chow after weaning. Regardless of litter size, rats fed CD had doubled fat mass at 15 weeks of age, and significant elevations in plasma leptin, insulin and adiponectin. Importantly, undernutrition confined to the suckling period, elevated circulating adiponectin regardless of post-weaning diet. Blood pressure was reduced in early undernourished rats fed chow, and increased by CD. Early undernutrition was associated with long-term elevations in the expression of AdipoR1, CPT-1, COX4 and PPARalpha in skeletal muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the important role of early nutrition on body weight and metabolism, suggesting early undernourishment enhances insulin sensitivity and fatty-acid oxidation. The long-term potential benefit of limiting nutrition in the early postnatal period warrants further investigation.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Prior
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Velkoska
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Watts
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Cameron-Smith
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Morris
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D047493:PPAR alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054419:Receptors, Adiponectin; C504339:adiponectin receptor 1, rat; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase