title: The effect of artificial antigen-presenting cells with preclustered anti-CD28/-CD3/-LFA-1 monoclonal antibodies on the induction of ex vivo expansion of functional human antitumor T cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adoptive cell therapy with ex vivo expanded autologous antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes represents an important therapeutic option as an anticancer strategy. In order to identify a reliable method for producing adequate amounts of functional antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes with a potentially long in vivo lifespan, we tested the T-cell expansion efficiency of a new artificial antigen-presenting cell-based system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our artificial antigen-presenting cells were generated with activating (anti-CD3), co-stimulating (anti-CD28) and adhesion (anti-LFA-1) biotinylated monoclonal antibodies preclustered in microdomains held on a liposome scaffold by neutravidin rafts. The co-localization of T-cell ligands in microdomains and the targeting of an adhesion protein, increasing the efficiency of immunological synapse formation, represent the novelties of our system. The activity of our artificial antigen-presenting cells was compared with that of anti-CD3/-CD28 coated immunomagnetic microbeads and immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3 clone), the only two commercially available artificial systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our artificial antigen-presenting cells expanded both polyclonal T cells and MART-1-specific CD8(+) T cells in a more efficient manner than the other systems. Stimulation with artificial antigen-presenting cells allows for the generation of viable T cells displaying an immunophenotype consistent with in vivo potential for persistence, without increasing the frequency of regulatory T cells. The starting specificity of anti MART-1 CD8(+) T cells was preserved after stimulation with artificial antigen-presenting cells and it was statistically greater when compared to the activity of the same cells expanded with the other systems. Finally, our artificial antigen-presenting cells proved to be suitable for large-scale application, minimizing the volume and the costs of T-cell expansion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our artificial antigen-presenting cells might represent an efficient tool to rapidly obtain a sufficient number of functional T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
authors: C. Gandini Medical Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Zappasodi
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Di Nicola
authors: Carmelo
authors: C
authors: Carlo-Stella
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Mortarini
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Molla
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Vegetti
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Albani
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Anichini
authors: Alessandro M
authors: AM
authors: Gianni
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins