title: Association between antibiotic usage and subsequent colonization or infection of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: a matched case-control study in intensive care units.
abstract: Nosocomial spreading of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (EDRAB) is an emerging problem. To clarify the association between prior antibiotic usage and subsequent EDRAB acquisition, we conducted a one-to-one matched case-control study among patients in all intensive care units (ICUs) at the National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, during a 1-year period. A total of 113 pairs of patients were identified. We measured prior antibiotics exposure in 4 perspectives: usage, overall treatment duration, accumulated dosage, and treatment potency. We found positive associations between EDRAB acquisition and prior usage of imipenem and meropenem across 4 measures, especially in usage and average treatment potency (usage, odds ratio [OR](imipenem) = 3.7 with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-11.0, OR(meropenem) = 5.4 with 95% CI = 1.2-20.0; average treatment potency, OR(imipenem) = 5.3 with 95% CI = 1.3-22.0, OR(meropenem) = 3.4 with 95% CI = 1.0-12.0). Ceftazidime use with stronger treatment potency was also strongly associated with subsequent nosocomial EDRAB acquisition (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 1.5-21.0). The OR of EDRAB acquisition greatly increased in patients who had previously been exposed to any 1 (OR = 5.5, 95% CI = 2.3-13.2) or to any 2 or 3 (OR = 11.1, 95% CI = 2.7-46.4) of the abovementioned antibiotics. Based on these findings, we conclude that usage of imipenem, meropenem, and/or ceftazidime is associated with subsequent acquisition of EDRAB in critically ill patients in ICUs.
authors: Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
authors: Huei-Ting
authors: HT
authors: Tsai
authors: Jann-Tay
authors: JT
authors: Wang
authors: Chien-Jen
authors: CJ
authors: Chen
authors: Shan-Chwen
authors: SC
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D000077731:Meropenem; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013845:Thienamycins; D015378:Imipenem; D002442:Ceftazidime; D000077731:Meropenem