title: Radiofrequency thermal ablation of breast cancer local recurrence: a phase II clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of radiofrequency (RF) ablation to treat local recurrence of breast cancer is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a two-stage phase II clinical trial. Eligible patients had a histologically confirmed noninflammatory and < or =3 cm ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. The tumor site was identified by intraoperative sonography. A LeVeen needle electrode (RadioTherapeutics Corp, Mountain View, Calif) was inserted into a single site within the tumor and radiofrequency ablation was performed using a RF-2000 generator (RadioTherapeutics Corp). After completion of radiofrequency, a mastectomy was performed. Conventional staining and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase (NADH-diaphorase) cell viability staining were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first stage, procedures were uneventful. Conventional, cytokeratin, and NADH-diaphorase staining identified persistent viable tumor cells in the RF-ablated region in three patients. This phase II trial was stopped after completion of the first stage because of insufficient efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate in this study that RF ablation is a potential technique to destroy local recurrence of breast tumors but the technique we tested in this phase II clinical trial had insufficient efficacy to recommend its use in routine.
authors: Department of Surgery, Pathology and Radiology, and Breast Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors: Jean-Rémi
authors: JR
authors: Garbay
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Mathieu
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Lamuraglia
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Lassau
authors: Corrine
authors: C
authors: Balleyguier
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Rouzier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D015413:Mastectomy, Simple; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary