title: Craniometric measurements of artificial cranial deformations in Eastern European skulls.
abstract: Standardized lateral cephalograms of eleven skulls with artificial cranial deformations from Eastern Europe and twenty normal skulls from the same population were made, digitized and imported into the AutoCAD 2005 computer program. The x- and y-coordinates of defined measuring points were determined and angle measurements were made. The form difference of the skulls was tested with the Euclidean Distance Matrix Analysis (EDMA) and the difference of the angle measurements were compared statistically using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. All deformed skulls belonged to the tabular fronto-occipital type of deformation. The results of the EDMA and the angle measurements indicated significant differences for the neurocranium and the facial cranium in height between the normal and the deformed skulls, but not in the cranial length. It can be concluded that in Eastern Europe one method of cranial molding was used. The deformation of the neurocranium also affected the development of the facial cranium regarding facial height. This may indicate a dependency of the developmental fields of the neurocranium and facial cranium.
authors: Department of Anatomy, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany. wolfa@uni-wh.de
authors: Wolfgang H
authors: WH
authors: Arnold
authors: Victoria A
authors: VA
authors: Fedorischeva
authors: Ella A
authors: EA
authors: Naumova
authors: Nikolay I
authors: NI
authors: Yabluchansky
mesh_terms: D046289:Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic / Q000266:history*; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010164:Paleopathology; D011859:Radiography; D012426:Russia; D012652:Self Mutilation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000266:history*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014455:Ukraine