title: The diagnosis of two cases of cutaneous ulcer caused by infection with Mycobacterium haemophilum: direct identification in a clinical sample by polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium haemophilum was first recovered from subcutaneous lesions of a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Because of its special growth requirements (it grows at 30-32 degrees C and requires iron-supplemented medium), the organism cannot be isolated using routine culture techniques for other mycobacteria. Only a few developed countries have reported infection with this mycobacterium. We report the first two cases diagnosed in Venezuela.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnosis of the first case was established using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction endonuclease analysis of the gene encoding the 65-kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) for the direct identification of M. haemophilum in a clinical specimen in which bacilli were observed on acid-fast smear, but growth was not detected by standard culture procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After recognizing this bacterium as a possible cause of infection in our setting, clinical samples of cutaneous lesions were routinely cultured on blood agar at 30 degrees C for at least 6 weeks, which resulted in the diagnosis of the second case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dermatologists should consider this bacterium in immunocompromised patients with cutaneous ulcerating lesions. Material from the lesions can be screened for mycobacteria using an acid-fast stain and, if acid-fast bacilli are seen, PCR analysis of mycobacterial hsp65 can be an effective tool for early diagnosis. Appropriate culture methods are required for bacteriologic confirmation of infection with M. haemophilum.
authors: Laboratorio de Tuberculosis and Centro Clínico de Dermatología y Enfermedades Tropicales, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas.
authors: Omaira
authors: O
authors: Da Mata
authors: Ricardo
authors: R
authors: Pérez Alfonzo
authors: Ivelisse
authors: I
authors: Natera
authors: Rosibel del Carmen
authors: Rdel C
authors: Sucre
authors: Teresita
authors: T
authors: Bello
authors: Jacobus H
authors: JH
authors: de Waard
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018393:Mycobacterium haemophilum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015183:Restriction Mapping / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004262:DNA Restriction Enzymes