Myeloid sarcoma presenting as a recurrent, multifocal nerve root entrapment syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary manifestation of haematologic malignancy, most commonly acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which can cause neurological symptoms.


METHODS
A 45-year-old male with a history of AML presented with a lumbosacral nerve root entrapment syndrome followed by cauda equina compression, but without systemic signs of AML recurrence. MRI showed a mass compressing the spinal cord at level L5-S2. After surgically removing the tumour pathologic examination yielded a myeloid sarcoma. Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed. Five months later the patient developed a thoracal (Th10-Th11) radiculopathy due to a relapse of the myeloid sarcoma, followed by C8-Th1-radiculopathy caused by leptomeningeal spread.


CONCLUSIONS
This case forms the first description of recurrent, multifocal and progressive radiculopathy due to myeloid sarcoma. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with radiculopathy with previous haematological malignancy and/or signs or symptoms of such disease; the absence of systemic disease activity does not rule out myeloid sarcoma.
Verra
Wiebe C
WC
Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience (Internal Address C03.236), University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Snijders
Tom J
TJ
Seute
Tatjana
T
Han
K Sen
KS
Nieuwenhuis
H Karel
HK
Rutten
Geert Jan
GJ
D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D023981:Sarcoma, Myeloid / Q000150:complications*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications