title: Wogonin inhibits microglial cell migration via suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activity.
abstract: Previously, we and others have demonstrated that wogonin, an active component from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemic insult. The neuroprotective effect of wogonin may at least in part be due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Microglial cells, well-known residential macrophages in the central nervous system, migrate to the ischemic lesion and play a pivotal role in the development of chronic inflammation. In the present study, we observed that wogonin potently inhibited microglial migration toward a chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). The anti-migratory effect of wogonin was provoked at nanomolar concentrations, at which wogonin did not significantly inhibit the production of cytokines and chemokines. NF-kappaB has previously shown to regulate microglial cell migration, and activation of cAMP-signaling pathway has also been associated with inhibition of microglial cell motility. In the present study, wogonin at low micromolar concentrations completely suppressed the activity of NF-kappaB in MCP-1-stimulated microglia, and NF-kappaB inhibitors such as N-acetyl cysteine and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate inhibited the MCP-1-induced migration of microglial cells. However, wogonin did not stimulate the production of cAMP in microglial cells. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of wogonin is exerted at least in part by suppressing microglial cell motility via inhibition of NF-kappaB activity.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
authors: Hua Zi
authors: HZ
authors: Piao
authors: In Young
authors: IY
authors: Choi
authors: Jin-Sun
authors: JS
authors: Park
authors: Hee-Sun
authors: HS
authors: Kim
authors: Jae Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Cheong
authors: Kun Ho
authors: KH
authors: Son
authors: Su Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Jeon
authors: Kwang Ho
authors: KH
authors: Ko
authors: Won-Ki
authors: WK
authors: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031363:Scutellaria / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D044950:Flavanones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000242:Cyclic AMP; C085514:wogonin