title: Defective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in central control of cardiovascular effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
abstract: Recently we have shown functional involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-nitric oxide synthase (NOS) signaling pathway in central control of cardiovascular effects in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In this study we determined whether PI3K/Akt signaling was defective in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). WKY rats and SHR were anesthetized with urethane. Mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored intra-arterially. Unilateral microinjection (60 nL) of insulin (100 IU/mL) into the NTS produced prominent depressor and bradycardic effects in 8- and 16-week-old normotensive WKY and 8-week-old SHR. However, no significant cardiovascular effects were found in 16-week-old SHR after insulin injection. Furthermore, pretreatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and NOS inhibitor L-NAME into the NTS attenuated the cardiovascular response evoked by insulin in WKY and 8-week-old SHR but not in 16-week-old SHR. Unilateral microinjection of 1 mmol/L of PI(3,4,5)P(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate), a phospholipids second messenger produced by PI3K, into the NTS produced prominent depressor and bradycardic effects in 8- or 16-week-old WKY rats as well as 8-week-old SHR but not in 16-week-old SHR. Western blot analysis showed no significant increase in Akt phosphorylation in 8-week-old pre-hypertensive SHR after insulin injection. Similar results were also found in hypertensive 16-week-old SHR. Our results indicate that the Akt-independent signaling pathway is involved in NOS activation to regulate cardiovascular effects in the NTS of 8-week-old pre-hypertensive SHR. Both Akt-dependent and Akt-independent signaling pathways are defective in hypertensive 16-week-old SHR.
authors: Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Hsiao
authors: Pei-Jung
authors: PJ
authors: Lu
authors: Hsiao-Ning
authors: HN
authors: Huang
authors: Wan-Chen
authors: WC
authors: Lo
authors: Wen-Yu
authors: WY
authors: Ho
authors: Tsung-Ching
authors: TC
authors: Lai
authors: Hung-Ting
authors: HT
authors: Chiang
authors: Ching-Jiunn
authors: CJ
authors: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D007328:Insulin; D009025:Morpholines; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester