title: Pain relief by continuous intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery--a randomized study and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine on pain relief during and after gynecologic laparoscopic procedures including a review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blinded, randomized, controlled, clinical trial (Canadian Task Force classification I).
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital ambulatory gynecoendoscopic department.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (20 patients in each arm) undergoing elective gynecologic same-day outpatient laparoscopic surgery including unilateral/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or unilateral/bilateral ovarian cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group received 10 mL of 1% ropivacaine and the control group received 10 mL of sterile water by intraperitoneal nebulization. During surgery, vital signs were recorded and summarized. Postoperatively patients were followed up for 24 hours including visual analog scale scores and analgesic use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences existed between the groups during surgery and at the recovery department in terms of arterial blood pressure (p=.42) or heart rate (p=.60). Regarding postoperative analgesia, no difference existed between the groups in terms of morphine consumption (p=.52) or other analgesics (p=.53). No significant difference existed between the groups in postoperative visual analog scale scores including visceral, abdominal wall, and shoulder pain during rest and during cough at the different time frames (30, 60, and 120 minutes and 6 and 24 hours after surgery).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first to examine the effects of intraperitoneal nebulization of ropivacaine throughout laparoscopic gynecologic procedures on patients undergoing general anesthesia. Nebulization of 100 mg of ropivacaine under our specific regimen of anesthesia does not improve patients' outcome in terms of intraoperative and postoperative pain along with consumption of analgesics. Further research with other regimens is required.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center affiliated to the Technion Institute of Technology Medical School, Haifa, Israel. mdykaufman@gmail.com
authors: Yuval
authors: Y
authors: Kaufman
authors: Irena
authors: I
authors: Hirsch
authors: Ludmila
authors: L
authors: Ostrovsky
authors: Orly
authors: O
authors: Klein
authors: Ilya
authors: I
authors: Shnaider
authors: Elias
authors: E
authors: Khoury
authors: Reuven
authors: R
authors: Pizov
authors: Arie
authors: A
authors: Lissak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine