title: Characteristics of patients presenting with ocular pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of neuroimaging in patients with normal neuro-ophthalmic examinations referred to a neuro-ophthalmology clinic for complaints of chronic isolated eye pain. We were also interested in the prevalence of primary headache syndromes in these patients, particularly medication overuse headache (MOH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 125 consecutive patients referred to a neuro-ophthalmology clinic with some form of head or facial pain were reviewed to find patients meeting the criteria of having complaints of chronic eye with normal neuro-ophthalmic examinations. Excluded were patients with primary complaint other than eye pain. A single examiner performed all examinations in a standardized fashion. Each patient was queried about the use of prescription and over-the-counter analgesics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three percent of patients had some form of primary headache syndrome, and 21% of patients had some component of probable MOH. Another 4.5% had a presumed component of medication overuse. None of those who received imaging had any results explaining the ocular pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary headache is present in most patients with chronic, isolated ocular pain. MOH is common and probably underrecognized in this population. It needs to be addressed if the patient is ever to be pain free. Neuroimaging has very low yield in this group of subspecialty referral patients.
authors: Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA. swolfe@med.wayne.edu
authors: Skyler
authors: S
authors: Wolfe
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Van Stavern
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000188:drug therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics