title: Oversulfated chondroitin sulfate-E binds to BMP-4 and enhances osteoblast differentiation.
abstract: Small leucine-rich proteoglycans, such as biglycan, and their side chain sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), have been suggested to be involved in bone formation and mineralization processes. The present study was designed to investigate whether chondroitin sulfate (CS), one of the GAG, and its oversulfated structures coupled with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) alter the differentiation and subsequent mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. CS-E, one of the oversulfated CS structure, enhanced cell growth, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen deposition, and mineralization whereas heparin enhanced only ALP activity and mineralization. As well as CS-E, CS-H, and CPS also enhanced the mineralization of the cells. CS-E enhanced the mineralization of the cells by interacting with protein in the conditioned medium. CS-E induced mineralization was significantly inhibited by an antibody against BMP-4. The addition of exogenous BMP-4 further increased the capacity of CS-E to enhance mineralization. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy method using fluoresceinamine-labeled GAG revealed that the oversulfated GAGs have a high affinity for BMP-4. The disaccharide analysis of the cells indicated that MC3T3-E1 cells are capable of producing oversulfated structures of CS by themselves. The lack of CS from the cells after chondroitinase treatment resulted in the inhibition of mineralization. These results in the present study indicate that oversulfated CS, which possesses 4,6-disulfates in N-acetyl-galactosamine, binds to BMP-4 and promotes osteoblast differentiation and subsequent mineralization.
authors: Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Miyauchi
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Tawada
authors: Takahisa
authors: T
authors: Anada
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Matsuzaka
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004187:Disaccharides; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D003094:Collagen; D002810:Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases