title: Spaced education improves the feedback that surgical residents give to medical students: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery residents teach medical students; feedback is one critical teaching skill. We investigated whether feedback given by surgery residents to students could be improved through an online spaced education program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery residents were randomized to receive either a weekly spaced education e-mail during a 9-month period containing teaching bullets on how to provide effective feedback, or no intervention. Medical students rated the frequency and quality of feedback they received from the residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Students reported 45% (67 of 149) of the spaced education residents gave frequent feedback, compared with 31% (55 of 175) of control residents (relative risk [RR], 1.43; P = .016). Students reported resident feedback was "helpful in their learning" in 92% (132 of 143) of their evaluations of spaced education residents, compared with 82% (132 of 161) of their evaluations of control residents (RR, 1.13; P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Educational programs using feedback bullets e-mailed weekly can significantly improve the frequency and quality of feedback that surgical residents provide medical students.
authors: Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Kimberly A
authors: KA
authors: Matzie
authors: B Price
authors: BP
authors: Kerfoot
authors: Janet P
authors: JP
authors: Hafler
authors: Elizabeth M
authors: EM
authors: Breen
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D034742:Electronic Mail; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D013663:Teaching; D013997:Time Factors