title: Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are uncommon and rarely symptomatic. The diagnosis of primary hepatic etiology requires rigorous workup and continued surveillance to exclude a missed primary.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 62-year-old female with a primary hepatic carcinoid tumor successfully resected, now with three years of disease-free follow-up. We present a review of the current literature regarding the diagnosis, pathology, management, and natural history of this disease entity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver are rare, therefore classifying their nature as primary hepatic in nature requires extensive workup and prolonged follow-up. All neuroendocrine tumors have an inherent malignant potential that must be recognized. Management remains surgical resection, with several alternative options available for non-resectable tumors and severe symptoms. The risk of recurrence of primary hepatic carcinoid tumors after resection remains unknown.
authors: Department of Surgery, 1000 10th Avenue, Suite 2B, New York, NY 10019, USA. gsschwartz@gmail.com
authors: Gary
authors: G
authors: Schwartz
authors: Agnes
authors: A
authors: Colanta
authors: Harold
authors: H
authors: Gaetz
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Olichney
authors: Fadi
authors: F
authors: Attiyeh
mesh_terms: D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged