title: Role of surfactants in optimizing fluorene assimilation and intermediate formation by Rhodococcus rhodochrous VKM B-2469.
abstract: Biodegradation of fluorene by Rhodococcus rhodochrous VKM B-2469 was investigated and optimized by adding non-ionic surfactants to the liquid media. The utilization of 1-1.5% Tween 60 or 1% Triton X100 allowed to solubilize 1 mM fluorene over 150 times more than in water medium (from 9-11 microM to above 1.5 mM at 28 degrees C). We observed that Tween 60 was useful to enhance the fluorene biodegradation rates further supporting R. rhodochrous VKM B-2469 growth as an additional carbon source and to decrease fluorene toxicity for bacterial cells whereas Triton X100 resulted to be toxic for this strain. An additional enzyme induction step before starting the bioconversion process and the increase of incubation temperature during fluorene bioconversion led to further improvements in rates of fluorene utilization and formation of its intermediates. In the optimized conditions 1 mM fluorene was degraded completely within 24h of incubation. Some intermediates in fluorene degradation built up during the process reaching maxima of 31% for 9-hydroxyfluorene, 2.1% for 9-fluorenone and 1.9% for 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone (starting from 1 mM substrate). In the presence of Tween 60 the appearance and following conversion of 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone was observed for R. rhodochrous VKM B-2469 revealing the existence of a new pathway of 9-fluorenone bioconversion.
authors: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPM RAS), 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Prospect Nauki 5, Russian Federation.
authors: Marina P
authors: MP
authors: Kolomytseva
authors: Dimetrio
authors: D
authors: Randazzo
authors: Boris P
authors: BP
authors: Baskunov
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Scozzafava
authors: Fabrizio
authors: F
authors: Briganti
authors: Ludmila A
authors: LA
authors: Golovleva
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005449:Fluorenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C041509:fluorene