Development of feedforward control in a dynamic manual tracking task.
To examine the development of feedforward control during manual tracking, 117 participants in 5 age groups (6 to 7, 8 to 9, 10 to 11, 12 to 14, and 15 to 17 years) tracked an accelerating dot presented on a monitor by moving an electronic pen on a digitizer. To remain successful at higher target velocities, they had to create a predictive model of the target's motion. The ability to track the target at higher velocities increased, and the application of a feedback-based step-and-hold strategy decreased with age, as shown by increases in maximum target velocity and decreases in number of stops between ages 6-7 and 8-9 and between ages 8-9 and 10-11. The ability to exploit feedforward control in a dynamic tracking task improves significantly with age.
van Roon
Dominique
D
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
Caeyenberghs
Karen
K
Swinnen
Stephan P
SP
Smits-Engelsman
Bouwien C M
BC
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004777:Environment; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014796:Visual Perception