title: The impact of long-term lithium treatment on renal function in an outpatient population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to compare younger and older populations of lithium-treated patients and to examine the impact of long-term lithium treatment on renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cross-sectional survey of all patients attending a specialist clinic was carried out. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data from the two groups were compared, and stepwise regression was used to investigate an association between duration of lithium treatment and renal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings reveal a positive association between duration of lithium use and mean serum creatinine levels (t=3.369, p=0.001), and so prolonged lithium treatment may be a risk factor for progressive renal impairment. However, under appropriate supervision this may not be of clinical relevance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that lithium can be safely prescribed over a protracted period of time, even in elderly populations, but should be monitored closely under specialist supervision, to ensure early identification and management of adverse effects.
authors: Windsor House, Belfast City Hospital Trust Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK.
authors: Sarah M
authors: SM
authors: McCann
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Daly
authors: Christopher B
authors: CB
authors: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine