Endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter species.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate clinical settings, treatments, antibiotic sensitivities, and visual outcomes associated with endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter species.


METHODS
Data were collected for organisms, surgical intervention, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and final visual acuity.


RESULTS
Six eyes of 6 patients with culture-proven C. freundii (n = 4) or C. koseri(n = 2) endophthalmitis were identified. Clinical settings included cataract surgery (1 eye), cataract surgery combined with trabeculectomy (1), trauma (2), penetrating keratoplasty (1), and presumably endogenous source (1). Primary or secondary evisceration was performed in 3 eyes. Initial pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics was performed in 3 eyes. Final visual acuity was no light perception in 5 eyes, and 1 patient with traumatic C. koseri endophthalmitis achieved a final vision of 20/30.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite treatment with appropriate antibiotics, Citrobacter endophthalmitis can be associated with a poor visual outcome. Early detection and management may improve the final visual outcome and prevent the possibility of evisceration.
Chen
Kuan-Jen
KJ
Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. cgr999chiayi@yahoo.com.tw
Sun
Ming-Hui
MH
Hwang
Yih-Shiou
YS
Chen
Tun-Lu
TL
Lai
Chi-Chun
CC
Chen
Yen-Po
YP
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016971:Citrobacter freundii / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041041:Citrobacter koseri / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D017234:Eye Evisceration; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D014792:Visual Acuity
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents