title: Sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy: results of the first randomized treat-to-target study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of a device that combines an insulin pump with real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), compared to using an insulin pump with standard blood glucose monitoring systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 6-month, randomized, multicenter, treat-to-target study enrolled 146 subjects treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion between the ages of 12 and 72 years with type 1 diabetes and initial A1C levels of >or=7.5%. Subjects were randomized to pump therapy with real-time CGM (sensor group [SG]) or to pump therapy and self-monitoring of blood glucose only (control group [CG]). Clinical effectiveness and safety were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A1C levels decreased (P<0.001) from baseline (8.44+/-0.70%) in both groups (SG, -0.71+/-0.71%; CG, -0.56+/-0.072%); however, between-group differences did not achieve significance. SG subjects showed no change in mean hypoglycemia area under the curve (AUC), whereas CG subjects showed an increase (P=0.001) in hypoglycemia AUC during the blinded periods of the study. The between-group difference in hypoglycemia AUC was significant (P<0.0002). Greater than 60% sensor utilization was associated with A1C reduction (P=0.0456). Fourteen severe hypoglycemic events occurred (11 in the SG group and three in the CG group, P=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A1C reduction was no different between the two groups. Subjects in the CG group had increased hypoglycemia AUC and number of events during blinded CGM use; however, there was no increase in hypoglycemia AUC or number of events in the SG group. Subjects with greater sensor utilization showed a greater improvement in A1C levels.
authors: University of Washington Medical Center-Roosevelt, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. ihirsch@u.washington.edu
authors: Irl B
authors: IB
authors: Hirsch
authors: Jill
authors: J
authors: Abelseth
authors: Bruce W
authors: BW
authors: Bode
authors: Jerome S
authors: JS
authors: Fischer
authors: Francine R
authors: FR
authors: Kaufman
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Mastrototaro
authors: Christopher G
authors: CG
authors: Parkin
authors: Howard A
authors: HA
authors: Wolpert
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin