title: On the hierarchical structure of mood and anxiety disorders: confirmatory evidence and elaboration of a model of temperament markers.
abstract: The authors examined D. Watson's (2005) proposed reconceptualization of the diagnostic categories for mood and anxiety disorders for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and tested an elaboration of the 2-factor (positive and negative activation) model of underlying temperament markers that incorporates A. Tellegen, D. Watson, & L. A. Clark's (1999a, 1999b) higher-order dimension of happiness-unhappiness (or demoralization; see A. Tellegen et al., 2003). In Study 1, 502 undergraduate students completed several symptom measures of mood and anxiety disorders and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (J. N. Butcher et al., 2001). Using confirmatory factor analysis, the authors replicated Watson's distress and fear disorder model. Path analyses showed that demoralization was a primary marker of distress disorders, whereas dysfunctional negative emotions was a primary marker of fear disorders. Low positive emotions was a specific marker of depression and social phobia. This 3-factor path model was associated with better fit than was a 2-factor model excluding demoralization. In Study 2, the authors replicated the findings of Study 1 using data from an archival clinical sample of 636 Veterans Affairs hospital outpatients. The authors' findings provide evidence on the important role of demoralization in mood and anxiety disorders.
authors: Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. msellbom@kent.edu
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Sellbom
authors: Yossef S
authors: YS
authors: Ben-Porath
authors: R Michael
authors: RM
authors: Bagby
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament