Foxp3 and Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immuno-pathogenesis.
FoxP3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are implicated in a number of pathologic processes including elevated levels in cancers and infectious diseases, and reduced levels in autoimmune diseases. Treg cells are activated to modulate immune responses to avoid over-reactive immunity. However, conflicting findings are reported regarding relative levels of Treg cells during HIV-1 infection and disease progression. The role of Treg cells in HIV-1 diseases (aberrant immune activation) is poorly understood due to lack of a robust model. We summarize here the regulation and function of Foxp3 in Treg cells and in modulating HIV-1 replication. Based on recent findings from SIV/monkey and HIV/humanized mouse models, a model of the dual role of Treg cells in HIV-1 infection and immuno-pathogenesis is discussed.
Holmes
Derek
D
Department of Microbiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.
Jiang
Qi
Q
Zhang
Liguo
L
Su
Lishan
L
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors