title: Antiatherosclerotic effects of a novel synthetic tissue-selective steroidal liver X receptor agonist in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice.
abstract: Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists have the potential to treat atherosclerosis based on their ability to enhance reverse cholesterol transport. However, their side effects, such as induction of liver lipogenesis and triglyceridemia, may limit their pharmaceutical development. In contrast to the nonsteroidal LXR agonist N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-N-[4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-benzenesulfonamide (T0901317), 3alpha, 6alpha, 24-trihydroxy-24, 24-di(trifluoromethyl)-5beta-cholane (ATI-829), a novel potent synthetic steroidal LXR agonist, was a poor inducer of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c expression in hepatoma HepG2 cells, whereas both compounds increased ABCA1 expression in macrophage THP-1 cells. In male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, ATI-829 selectively activated LXR target gene expression in mouse intestines and macrophages but not in the liver. A significant increase in liver triglyceride and plasma triglyceriderich small very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was observed in T0901317 but not ATI-829-treated mice. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, atherosclerosis development was significantly inhibited in the innominate artery after treatment with either compound. However, in the aortic root, inhibition of atherosclerosis was only observed in the right (right coronary artery-associated sinus) but not the left coronary-related sinus (left coronary artery-associated sinus; LC) of mice treated with either compound. Lesions in the innominate artery were less complex after treatment with either compound and contained mostly macrophage foam cells. In contrast, LC lesions were more complex and had a large collagen-positive fibrous cap and less macrophage foam cell area after treatment with either compound. The T0901317-induced hypertriglyceridemia was accompanied by an increase in small triglyceride-rich VLDL that may influence LXR agonist-mediated antiatherosclerotic effects at certain vascular sites. ATI-829, by selectively activating LXR in certain tissues without inducing hypertriglyceridemia, is a good candidate for drug development.
authors: Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, W334, 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors: Dacheng
authors: D
authors: Peng
authors: Richard A
authors: RA
authors: Hiipakka
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Dai
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Guo
authors: Catherine A
authors: CA
authors: Reardon
authors: Godfrey S
authors: GS
authors: Getz
authors: Shutsung
authors: S
authors: Liao
mesh_terms: D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000819:agonists*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006914:Hydroxysteroids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009928:Organ Specificity; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C532886:3,6,24-trihydroxy-24,24-bis(trifluoromethyl)cholane; C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006914:Hydroxysteroids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C032607:low density lipoprotein triglyceride