Histamine 2 receptor antagonists vs intravenous proton pump inhibitors in a pediatric intensive care unit: a comparison of gastric pH.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess gastric pH in critically ill pediatric patients receiving intravenous stress ulcer medication.


METHODS
A prospective study was done in 48 patients with a gastric tube in place who were receiving either ranitidine or a proton pump inhibitor and no enteral nutrition. Daily peak and trough gastric pHs were measured.


RESULTS
The median age was 7 years 5 months (range, 1 month to 19 years), the median weight was 31 kg (range, 3-130 kg), and the median pediatric risk of mortality 2 (PRISM2) score was 12.5 (range, 0-31). All patients were intubated and 8 received dialysis. The average trough pH was 4.4 +/- 1.6 in the ranitidine group, 4.9 +/- 1.8 in the once daily proton pump inhibitor group, and 5.0 +/- 1.2 in the twice daily proton pump inhibitor group (P = .16). The average peak pH was 5.3 +/- 1.8 in the ranitidine group, 5.9 +/- 1.6 in the once daily proton pump inhibitor group, and 6.0 +/- 1.0 in the twice daily proton pump inhibitor group (P = .06). Three (10%) of 28 trough pH measurements in the twice daily proton pump inhibitor group were more acidic than 4 vs 24 (40%) of 60 in the ranitidine group, and 22 (40%) of 56 in the once daily proton pump inhibitor group (P = .02). One (4%) of 27 peak pH measurements in the twice daily proton pump inhibitor group were more acidic than 4 vs 13 (20%) of 61 in the ranitidine group, and 9 (16%) of 56 in the once daily proton pump inhibitor group (P = .12). Three patients (6%; 95% confidence interval, 0.51%-16%) developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and 4 patients (8%; 95% confidence interval, 0%-13%) developed ventilator-acquired pneumonia.


CONCLUSIONS
Many critically ill pediatric patients receiving stress ulcer prophylaxis have a trough or peak gastric pH more acidic than 4.
Tofil
Nancy M
NM
Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al 35233, USA.
Benner
Kim W
KW
Fuller
M Paige
MP
Winkler
Margaret K
MK
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry*; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications
D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011899:Ranitidine