title: A sequence motif within chromatin entry sites directs MSL establishment on the Drosophila X chromosome.
abstract: The Drosophila MSL complex associates with active genes specifically on the male X chromosome to acetylate histone H4 at lysine 16 and increase expression approximately 2-fold. To date, no DNA sequence has been discovered to explain the specificity of MSL binding. We hypothesized that sequence-specific targeting occurs at "chromatin entry sites," but the majority of sites are sequence independent. Here we characterize 150 potential entry sites by ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq and discover a GA-rich MSL recognition element (MRE). The motif is only slightly enriched on the X chromosome ( approximately 2-fold), but this is doubled when considering its preferential location within or 3' to active genes (>4-fold enrichment). When inserted on an autosome, a newly identified site can direct local MSL spreading to flanking active genes. These results provide strong evidence for both sequence-dependent and -independent steps in MSL targeting of dosage compensation to the male X chromosome.
authors: Harvard-Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors: Artyom A
authors: AA
authors: Alekseyenko
authors: Shouyong
authors: S
authors: Peng
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: Larschan
authors: Andrey A
authors: AA
authors: Gorchakov
authors: Ok-Kyung
authors: OK
authors: Lee
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Kharchenko
authors: Sean D
authors: SD
authors: McGrath
authors: Charlotte I
authors: CI
authors: Wang
authors: Elaine R
authors: ER
authors: Mardis
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Park
authors: Mitzi I
authors: MI
authors: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C094166:msl-2 protein, Drosophila; C093904:msl-3 protein, Drosophila