title: Voice characteristics in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder resulting in lack of cortisol and often aldosterone and overproduction of androgens. Raised levels of androgens can lead to increased mass in the laryngeal tissues, which may lower the fundamental frequency (F0) of the voice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A follow-up study of voice characteristics in 38 women with CAH and 24 age-matched controls between 18 and 63 years of age using subjective self-ratings of voice symptoms and acoustic and perceptual analyses. The results were correlated to mutation and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects rated degree of hoarseness, dark voice, voice problems and vocal fatigue on visual analogue scales. Audio recordings were made of a standard reading passage in a sound treated booth. Acoustic analyses were made of the subjects' mean, minimum and maximum F0 in the habitual speech range. Three voice clinicians made perceptual evaluations of dark voice in terms of timbre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with CAH rated higher values than controls with regard to the statement 'my voice is a problem in my daily life'. They spoke with significantly lower mean, lower minimum and lower maximum F0, as well as darker voice quality as compared with the controls. Affected voice symptoms were associated with a late diagnosis or problems with medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The voices in women with CAH can be virilized because of late diagnosis or suboptimal treatment with glucocorticoids. These voice problems may need referral for voice assessment and should be considered when treating CAH.
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors: Ulrika
authors: U
authors: Nygren
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Södersten
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Falhammar
authors: Marja
authors: M
authors: Thorén
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Hagenfeldt
authors: Agneta
authors: A
authors: Nordenskjöld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000187:drug effects; D014833:Voice Quality
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase