title: Vibrio cholerae O139 multiple-drug resistance mediated by Yersinia pestis pIP1202-like conjugative plasmids.
abstract: A conjugative plasmid, pMRV150, which mediated multiple-drug resistance (MDR) to at least six antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was identified in a Vibrio cholerae O139 isolate from Hangzhou, eastern China, in 2004. According to partial pMRV150 DNA sequences covering 15 backbone regions, the plasmid is most similar to pIP1202, an IncA/C plasmid in an MDR Yersinia pestis isolate from a Madagascar bubonic plague patient, at an identity of 99.99% (22,180/22,183 nucleotides). pMRV150-like plasmids were found in only 7.69% (1/13) of the O139 isolates tested during the early period of the O139 epidemic in Hangzhou (1994, 1996, and 1997); then the frequency increased gradually from 60.00% (3/5) during 1998 and 1999 to 92.16% (47/51) during 2000 to 2006. Most (42/51) of the O139 isolates bearing pMRV150-like plasmids were resistant to five to six antibiotics, whereas the plasmid-negative isolates were resistant only to one to three antibiotics. In 12 plasmid-bearing O139 isolates tested, the pMRV150-like plasmids ranged from approximately 140 kb to 170 kb and remained at approximately 1 or 2 copies per cell. High (4.50 x 10(-2) and 3.08 x 10(-2)) and low (0.88 x 10(-8) to 3.29 x 10(-5)) plasmid transfer frequencies, as well as no plasmid transfer (under the detection limit), from these O139 isolates to the Escherichia coli recipient were observed. The emergence of pMRV150-like or pIP1202-like plasmids in many bacterial pathogens and nonpathogens occupying diverse niches with global geographical distribution indicates an increasing risk to public health worldwide. Careful tracking of these plasmids in the microbial ecosystem is warranted.
authors: Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. jingcaopan@sina.com
authors: Jing-Cao
authors: JC
authors: Pan
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Ye
authors: Hao-Qiu
authors: HQ
authors: Wang
authors: Hai-Qing
authors: HQ
authors: Xiang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Xin-Fen
authors: XF
authors: Yu
authors: Dong-Mei
authors: DM
authors: Meng
authors: Zhe-Sheng
authors: ZS
authors: He
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002771:Cholera / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010930:Plague / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011815:R Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041242:Vibrio cholerae O139 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial