title: Influence of cardiovascular disease risk factors on the relationship between low bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multiethnic US population of women and men: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Higher bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported among white women and men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with nondiabetic white individuals, but there is scant evidence for nonwhite persons. It is also not known whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may confound any association between BMD and type 2 DM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the relationship between low BMD and type 2 DM in a multiethnic population of women and men while controlling for the influence of osteoporosis and CVD risk factors including body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, total cholesterol and its components, blood pressure, and C-reactive protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collected from 4929 African American, Mexican American, and white women and men aged 50 to 79 years who participated in the household interview and clinical examinations during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. CVD risk factors associated with type 2 DM in this study population were included as covariates in gender-specific multiple logistic regression models assessing the relationship between type 2 DM and low BMD while controlling for osteoporosis risk factors. Gender- and race/ethnicity-specific mean BMD values at the total hip for young adults aged 20 to 29 years were used to establish race/ethnicity and gender-specific low BMD T-scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final study population included 2505 women and 2424 men. More women and men with type 2 DM than women and men without type 2 DM were nonwhite and had high BMI. Osteoporosis risk factors but not CVD risk factors were associated with low BMD in both women and men. Type 2 DM was not associated with low BMD among women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.08). Based on a statistically significant interaction between type 2 DM status and race/ethnicity, white men with type 2 DM were less likely to have low BMD than were white men without type 2 DM (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86; P = 0.01). There was no significant BMD difference between diabetic and nondiabetic nonwhite men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD risk factors did not appear to influence the relationship between low BMD and type 2 DM in this study.
authors: Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Danielle_Broussard@doh.state.fl.us
authors: Danielle L
authors: DL
authors: Broussard
authors: Jeanette H
authors: JH
authors: Magnus
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000208:ethnology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein