title: Endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119 differ in signalling pathways and their effects on insulin secretion in MIN6c4 insulinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  GPR119 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is preferentially expressed in islet cells and mediates insulin secretion. Oleoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) act as endogenous ligands for this receptor, whereas PSN375963 and PSN632408 are two recently reported synthetic agonists. In this study, we explored mechanisms underlying GPR119-induced insulin secretion. In addition, we assessed the potential utility of the synthetic agonists as tools for exploring GPR119 biology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined natural and synthetic GPR119 agonist activity at GPR119 in MIN6c4 and RINm5f insulinoma cells. We evaluated insulin secretion, intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i), ion channel involvement and levels of cAMP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that increases in insulin secretion induced by OEA were associated with increased cAMP and a potentiation of glucose-stimulated increases in [Ca(2+)](i). We also demonstrate that ATP-sensitive K(+) and voltage-dependent calcium channels were required for GPR119-mediated increases in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In contrast to OEA, the synthetic GPR119 agonist PSN375963 and PSN632408 have divergent effects on insulin secretion, cAMP and intracellular calcium in MIN6c4 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endogenous ligand OEA signals through GPR119 in a manner similar to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor with respect to insulin secretion, [Ca(2+)](i) and cAMP. In addition, PSN375963 and PSN632408 substantially differ from OEA and from one another. These studies suggest that the commercially available synthetic agonists, although they do activate GPR119, may also activate GPR119-independent pathways and are thus unsuitable as GPR119-specific pharmacological tools.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ning
authors: K
authors: K
authors: O'Neill
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Lan
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Pang
authors: L X
authors: LX
authors: Shan
authors: B E
authors: BE
authors: Hawes
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D000147:Acids, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011728:Pyridones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000819:agonists*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000147:Acids, Heterocyclic; D015220:Calcium Channels; D063388:Endocannabinoids; C532423:GPR119 protein, rat; C516207:Gpr119 protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D054086:KATP Channels; D008244:Lysophosphatidylcholines; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010069:Oxadiazoles; C534145:PSN 375963; C534146:PSN 632408; D011728:Pyridones; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C488250:oleoylethanolamide; C082823:1-oleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium