title: Swallowing function in patients with base of tongue cancers treated with primary surgery and reconstructed with a modified radial forearm free flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report swallowing outcomes and biomechanical properties of the base of the tongue (BOT) and the posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) in patients who undergo surgical reconstruction with the beavertail modification of radial forearm free flap after primary resection of BOT cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study with a 1-year minimum follow-up performed between October 1, 2001, and August 31, 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed as having primary carcinoma of the BOT were treated with primary surgical resection and reconstruction followed by radiotherapy. Inclusion criteria were collection of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) data before and 1 year after surgery. Forty-one patients were treated during a 5-year period, and 20 were included in the final analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reconstruction of BOT defects with the beavertail modification of radial forearm free flap followed by postoperative radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aspiration score, pharyngeal residue score, and biomechanical analysis of BOT and PPW mobility were performed using images from VFSSs. Both the BOT and PPW positions were measured from 2 static bony landmarks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 patients in the final analysis, 19 (95%) were able to swallow safely at 1 year. Mobility of the BOT after surgery was reduced in all postoperative VFSS data. Anteroposterior dimension or bulk of the BOT was preserved. No significant difference was found in PPW mobility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beavertail modification of the radial forearm free flap is a good reconstructive option after BOT cancer extirpation. The procedure preserves the bulk of the BOT after cancer treatment and maintains adequate BOT-PPW apposition. This allows structures such as the pharyngeal, oral, and suprahyoid musculature to contract and generate the necessary force to propel the food bolus through the oropharynx, resulting in a safe swallow.
authors: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors: Daniel Ambrose
authors: DA
authors: O'Connell
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Rieger
authors: Jeffrey Richard
authors: JR
authors: Harris
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Dziegielewski
authors: Jana
authors: J
authors: Zalmanowitz
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Sytsanko
authors: Shirley
authors: S
authors: Li
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Wolfaardt
authors: Robert D
authors: RD
authors: Hart
authors: Hadi
authors: H
authors: Seikaly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000503:physiopathology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014059:Tongue / Q000503:physiopathology; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*