title: Vaccination as a novel approach for treating depressive behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depressive behavior in animals is often associated with reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Recent studies showed that T cells recognizing central nervous system (CNS)-specific antigens can regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of BDNF. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that controlling CNS specific immune activity by immunization with a myelin-related peptide may have an antidepressant effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the impact of immunization with a CNS related peptide, on the behavioral and cellular outcomes of chronic mild stress (CMS; an animal model for depression) in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunization with a weak agonist of a myelin-derived peptide ameliorated depressive behavior such as anhedonia (measured by sucrose preference), induced by CMS in rats. The behavioral outcome was accompanied by restoration of hippocampal BDNF levels and neurogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study introduce a novel approach of immunization with CNS-related antigens as a therapeutic means for fighting depression. Vaccination, as an antidepressant therapy, may invoke several molecular and cellular pathways that are known to be regulated by antidepressant drugs. Therefore, we suggest that immune-based therapies should be considered for treatment of depression.
authors: Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors: Gil M
authors: GM
authors: Lewitus
authors: Adi
authors: A
authors: Wilf-Yarkoni
authors: Yaniv
authors: Y
authors: Ziv
authors: Maytal
authors: M
authors: Shabat-Simon
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Gersner
authors: Abraham
authors: A
authors: Zangen
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005518:Food Preferences; D007114:Immunization; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000276:immunology; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine