title: Influence of food acidulants and antioxidant spices on the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from selected vegetables.
abstract: Four common food acidulants--amchur, lime, tamarind, and kokum--and two antioxidant spices--turmeric and onion--were examined for their influence on the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from two fleshy and two leafy vegetables. Amchur and lime generally enhanced the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from these test vegetables in many instances. Such an improved bioaccessibility was evident in both raw and heat-processed vegetables. The effect of lime juice was generally more pronounced than that of amchur. Turmeric significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from all of the vegetables tested, especially when heat-processed. Onion enhanced the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from pressure-cooked carrot and amaranth leaf and from open-pan-boiled pumpkin and fenugreek leaf. Lime juice and the antioxidant spices turmeric and onion minimized the loss of beta-carotene during heat processing of the vegetables. In the case of antioxidant spices, improved bioaccessibility of beta-carotene from heat-processed vegetables is attributable to their role in minimizing the loss of this provitamin. Lime juice, which enhanced the bioaccessibility of this provitamin from both raw and heat-processed vegetables, probably exerted this effect by some other mechanism in addition to minimizing the loss of beta-carotene. Thus, the presence of food acidulants (lime juice/amchur) and antioxidant spices (turmeric/onion) proved to be advantageous in the context of deriving maximum beta-carotene from the vegetable sources.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570 020, India.
authors: Supriya
authors: S
authors: Veda
authors: Kalpana
authors: K
authors: Platel
authors: Krishnapura
authors: K
authors: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005503:Food Additives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D017365:Spices / Q000032:analysis*; D029861:Tamarindus / Q000737:chemistry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D005503:Food Additives; C089523:Kokum Red; D010087:Oxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019207:beta Carotene; C016538:lime