title: Endoscopic fibrin sealing of gastrocutaneous fistulas after sleeve gastrectomy and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrocutaneous fistulas (GCF) are uncommon complications accounting for 0.5-3.9% of gastric operations. When their management is not effective, the mortality rate is high. This study reports the conservative treatment of GCF in morbidly obese patients who underwent biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six morbidly obese patients were treated in our department with biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (Marceau technique) and, in six of them, a high-output GCF developed. A general protocol was applied to all patients presenting a GCF. Everyone was treated by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and somatostatin for at least 7 days after the appearance of the leak. If the leak continued, then fibrin glue was used as a tissue adhesive. Endoscopic application of the sealant was accomplished under direct vision via a double-lumen catheter passed through a forward-viewing gastroscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were treated successfully with conservative treatment (either solely with TPN and somatostatin, or with endoscopic fibrin sealing sessions). No evidence of fistula was observed at gastroscopy 3 and 24 months after therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conservative treatment of GCF following biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch is highly effective. All patients should enter a protocol that includes TPN and somatostatin. When the GCF persist, endoscopic sealing glue should be considered before operation because it is simple, safe, effective and, in some cases, life-saving. Therefore, conservative treatment should be employed as a therapeutic option in GCF developing after bariatric surgery.
authors: Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. papavramidis@hotmail.com
authors: Theodossis S
authors: TS
authors: Papavramidis
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Kotzampassi
authors: Efstathios
authors: E
authors: Kotidis
authors: Efthymios E
authors: EE
authors: Eleftheriadis
authors: Spiros T
authors: ST
authors: Papavramidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005747:Gastric Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D020699:Gastroscopes; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D013004:Somatostatin