title: Long-term survival after combined modality treatment in metastatic bladder cancer patients presenting with supra-regional tumor positive lymph nodes only.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if combined treatment should be offered to bladder cancer patients presenting with supra-regional lymph node metastases only and a clinical complete or partial response after chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 14 patients with supra-regional lymph node metastases out of 394 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) treated in our institute with cystectomy and regional and supra-regional lymph node dissection between 1987 and 2007. Prior to cystectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy had been given. The patients received a total of four cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients had a CR, nine patients had a PR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathological proof of complete response in the bladder was confirmed in all five cases. One of these five patients had a CR in the bladder but pelvic lymph nodes still contained vital tumor. Five patients had no tumor in the lymph nodes, whereas four had tumor in the lymph nodes. Eleven patients died due to bladder cancer, seven of them within 1 year after cystectomy. The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 36% (95% CI: 10-60%) and 24% (95% CI: 0-49%). Mean follow-up was 2.5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy consisting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery in selected patients with tumor positive supra-regional lymph nodes only can result in durable long-term survival rates (24% 5-year survival). Response evaluation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy might play a decisive role in the selection of patients undergoing subsequent surgical removal of all known tumor sites.
authors: Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: R R
authors: RR
authors: de Vries
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Nieuwenhuijzen
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Meinhardt
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Bais
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Horenblas
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin; D008727:Methotrexate