title: Achieving organizational change in pediatric pain management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain in hospitalized children is often undertreated. Little information exists to guide the process of organizational change with a view to improving pain management practices.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the process and results of a hospital-wide review of pain management practices designed to identify deficiencies in service provision and recommend directions for change in a pediatric hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective consultation of the clinical staff of a specialist pediatric hospital, using qualitative research methodology involving semistructured individual and group interviews. Recommendations based on the interview findings were made by a hospital-appointed working party.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 454 staff (27% of all clinical staff) from a variety of professional backgrounds, representing almost every hospital unit or department, were interviewed. Procedural and persistent (chronic) pain was identified as the area needing the most improvement. Barriers to improving pain management included variability in practice, outmoded beliefs and inadequate knowledge, factors which were seen to contribute to a culture of slow or no change. Recommendations of the working party and changes achieved after the review are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The review process identified deficiencies in the management of pain in children, and barriers to its effective management. With institutional support, the present review has guided improvement.
authors: Children's Pain Management Service, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Children's Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. stephanie.dowden@health.wa.gov.au
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Dowden
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: McCarthy
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Chalkiadis
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D059408:Pain Management; D016730:Program Development