title: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether two proinflammatory cytokines, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are involved in the development of Kawasaki disease (KD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients with KD were included in this study. Eleven patients with sepsis and 28 healthy children served as controls. Serum levels of HMGB1 and MIF were measured by corresponding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to quantify the expression levels of genes encoding receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), an HMGB1 receptor, and CD74, an MIF receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of HMGB1 and MIF in KD patients were the highest in the early acute phase and gradually decreased after defervescence. Serum HMGB1 and MIF levels in KD patients were significantly higher than those in controls (HMGB1, p<0.001; MIF, p<0.01). The expression levels of the RAGE gene and CD74 gene in KD patients were significantly higher than those in controls (RAGE, p<0.001; CD74, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that HMGB1 and MIF play an important role in immune responses in KD patients.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. hoshina@pediatr.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hoshina
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kusuhara
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ikeda
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Mizuno
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Saito
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hara
mesh_terms: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C045084:invariant chain