title: Ophthalmic manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Cryptococcus neoformans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the ophthalmic manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) associated with Cryptococcus neoformans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four HIV-positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) presented with marked optic disk swelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three months after the episode of IRIS, 2 of the patients maintained 20/20 visual acuity whose elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) was successfully managed, while 2 patients visual acuities were worse than 20/400 whose ICP was persistently elevated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryptococcus is another opportunistic infectious organism associated with IRIS with ophthalmic manifestations. Ophthalmologists have the opportunity to play a key role in the early diagnosis and management to prevent serious visual loss.
authors: Uveitis & Ocular Pathology, Dohney Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors: Rahul N
authors: RN
authors: Khurana
authors: Micheal
authors: M
authors: Javaheri
authors: Narsing
authors: N
authors: Rao
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010211:Papilledema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D004232:Diuretics; D000086:Acetazolamide