title: Bone mineral density of young boy soccer players at different pubertal stages: relationships with hormonal concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of soccer in relation with the hormonal concentration, on the bone mass of young Tunisian players at different pubertal stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of 152 young boys (age: 13.3+/-0.9 years) participated in this study: (1) 91 soccer players, and (2) 61 non-athletic boys used as control subjects. The bone mineral density (BMD) and the bone mineral content (BMC) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Pubertal stages were assessed, and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), growth hormone (GH) and the total testosterone were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BMD and BMC for whole body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, pelvis and lower limbs were higher in soccer players than in controls (p<0.001). In early puberty, the soccer players also exhibited significantly greater BMD and BMC in the whole body and in weight-bearing bones compared with the controls (p<0.001). However, there was no intersubject variability due to puberty in either BMD or BMC. The pubescent soccer players had significantly higher hormonal concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 than their counterpart controls (p<0.05). Moreover, the whole body BMD was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with GH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 but not with the testosterone concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The soccer participation of boys is generally associated with the improvement of their bone mass which is mainly marked at early and late puberty. The relationships between somatotropic axis hormones and BMD of the players may be linked to the parallel development of these two parameters during puberty.
authors: Laboratoire de Physiologie et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine Ibn Eljazzar, Avenue Mohamed El Karoui, Sousse 4002, Tunisia. ammarnebigh@yahoo.fr
authors: Ammar
authors: A
authors: Nebigh
authors: Haithem
authors: H
authors: Rebai
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Elloumi
authors: Afef
authors: A
authors: Bahlous
authors: Mohamed
authors: M
authors: Zouch
authors: Monia
authors: M
authors: Zaouali
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Alexandre
authors: Slahedine
authors: S
authors: Sellami
authors: Zouhair
authors: Z
authors: Tabka
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I