Spinal opioids in postoperative pain relief. 2: Adverse effects.
This is a two-part unit on using spinal opioids to manage postoperative pain. Part 1 outlined the pharmacology of spinal opioids. Part 2 discusses the selection of patients and their nursing care. It also focuses on the incidence of and response to adverse effects. For further information on contraindications, nursing care and patients' clinical requirements, see Portfolio Pages on nursingtimes.net.
Bowrey
Sarah
S
Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.
Thompson
Jonathan
J
D000698:Analgesia / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid