title: A 5-year longitudinal study of the relationships between stress, coping, and immune cell beta(2)-adrenergic receptor sensitivity.
abstract: Caring for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with overall health decline and impaired cardiovascular functioning. This morbidity may be related to the effects of caregiving stress and impaired coping on beta(2)-adrenergic receptors, which mediate hemodynamic and vascular responses and are important for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) trafficking and cytokine production. This study investigated the longitudinal relationship between stress, personal mastery, and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor sensitivity assessed in vitro on PBMC. Over a 5-year study, 115 spousal AD caregivers completed annual assessments of caregiving stress, mastery, and PBMC beta(2)-adrenergic receptor sensitivity, as assessed by in vitro isoproterenol stimulation. Heightened caregiving stress was associated with significantly decreased receptor sensitivity, whereas greater sense of personal mastery was associated with significantly increased receptor sensitivity. These results suggest that increased stress may be associated with a desensitization of beta(2)-receptors, which may contribute to the development of illness among caregivers. However, increased mastery is associated with increased receptor sensitivity, and may therefore serve as a resource factor for improved health in this population.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. bmausbach@ucsd.edu
authors: Brent T
authors: BT
authors: Mausbach
authors: Kirstin
authors: K
authors: Aschbacher
authors: Paul J
authors: PJ
authors: Mills
authors: Susan K
authors: SK
authors: Roepke
authors: Roland
authors: R
authors: von Känel
authors: Thomas L
authors: TL
authors: Patterson
authors: Joel E
authors: JE
authors: Dimsdale
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Ziegler
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Ancoli-Israel
authors: Igor
authors: I
authors: Grant
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000451:nursing*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D007545:Isoproterenol