Role of clay content in partitioning, uptake and toxicity of zinc in the earthworm Eisenia fetida.
We studied the effect of clay content on the bioavailability of zinc to pre-clitellate earthworm, Eisenia fetida in the laboratory using OECD artificial soil adjusted to 5%, 20%, and 40% clay. Batches of worms were exposed to a wide range of zinc concentrations. Mortality, growth, maturation (% clitellate), cocoon production, and body zinc concentrations were assessed over and after a period of 4 weeks. Total, DTPA, and CaCl(2) extractable zinc in the substrates were also determined. The results of the biological responses showed that interaction of clay and zinc had a significant influence on mortality but not on the other biological parameters. None of the three extraction methods showed consistent and significant effect of clay content on zinc partitioning. Although total, DTPA, and CaCl(2) extracts of zinc correlated strongly with one another and were in similar relation with the observed biological responses, only the CaCl(2) extract revealed a time dependent availability of this metal. It is concluded that clay content had no significant influence on sub-lethal toxicity of zinc to this earthworm over the range of exposure concentrations.
Owojori
O J
OJ
Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Electronic address: ojart@sun.ac.za.
Reinecke
A J
AJ
Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Rozanov
A B
AB
Department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D000077215:Clay; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007616:Kaolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity*
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D012987:Soil; D001546:Bentonite; D007616:Kaolin; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D015032:Zinc; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D000077215:Clay