title: The method of mouse embryoid body establishment affects structure and developmental gene expression.
abstract: To investigate formation of the three primary germ layers in mouse embryoid bodies (EBs), we observed changes in structure and gene expression over a 7-day culture period. We compared these changes using two methods for EB formation: hanging drop (HD) and static suspension culture (SSC). Light microscopy showed that a stratified columnar epithelial layer developed on the surface of EBs formed using the HD method. From Day 3 in culture, ultrastructural changes occurred in the aligned cellular membranes. Condensation of actin filaments was followed by formation of complicated adherent junctions and dilatation of intercellular canaliculi containing well-developed microvilli. These changes were more marked in EBs formed by the HD method than the SSC method. On Day 5 of culture, Brachyury gene expression, a marker for mesoderm formation, was detected only with the HD method. Nestin, an ectoderm marker, and Foxa2, an endoderm marker, were expressed with both methods. These results suggest that in EBs formed with the HD method, actin formation and Brachyury gene expression mark the transition from two to three primary germ layers. Additionally, the HD method promotes more rapid and complete development of mouse EBs than does the SSC method. While the SSC method is simple and easy to use, it needs improvement to form more complete EBs.
authors: Department of Anatomy and Organ Technology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan. mogi@sch.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mogi
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Ichikawa
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Matsumoto
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Hieda
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Tomotsune
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sakaki
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yamada
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002460:Cell Line; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers