[PTSD and chronic pain: development, maintenance and comorbidity--a review].
In addition to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) many traumatized individuals also suffer from chronic pain. Understanding the development and maintenance of these two disorders and how they interact is of crucial importance for treatment. This article provides an overview of the current literature on mechanisms of development, maintenance and comorbidity of PTSD and chronic pain. Moreover the perpetual avoidance model and its implications for practical application are presented.
Liedl
A
A
Behandlungszentrum für Folteropfer Berlin, Turmstr. 21, 10559 Berlin, Deutschland. a.liedl@bzfo.de
Knaevelsrud
C
C
D001362:Avoidance Learning; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology