The implications of stochastic synthesis for the conjugation of functional groups to nanoparticles.
Stochastic synthesis of a ligand coupled to a nanoparticle results in a distribution of populations with different numbers of ligands per nanoparticle. This distribution was resolved and quantified using HPLC and is in excellent agreement with the ligand/nanoparticle average measured by 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and potentiometric titration, and yet significantly more disperse than commonly held perceptions of monodispersity. Two statistical models were employed to confirm that the observed heterogeneity is consistent with theoretical expectations.
Mullen
Douglas G
DG
Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Desai
Ankur M
AM
Waddell
Jack N
JN
Cheng
Xue-Min
XM
Kelly
Christopher V
CV
McNerny
Daniel Q
DQ
Majoros
István J
IJ
Baker
James R
JR
Sander
Leonard M
LM
Orr
Bradford G
BG
Banaszak Holl
Mark M
MM
D000107:Acetylation; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011073:Polyamines / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013269:Stochastic Processes
D050091:Dendrimers; D008024:Ligands; D011073:Polyamines