title: An efficient soft tissue characterization algorithm from in vivo indentation experiments for medical simulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Realistic virtual reality surgical training simulators require an accurate biomechanical model of in vivo soft tissue behaviour. One of the challenges in modelling is to characterize soft tissue properties incorporating the experimental measurements of organ behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Organ measurements were collected from intra-abdominal organs of pigs, using a robotic indenter and a force transducer. The constitutive model was fitted to the in vivo data using the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm, combined with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element (FE) simulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This paper presents an integrated framework for measuring, modelling and calibrating organs' material properties and provides parameters for modelling pigs' intra-abdominal organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The calibrated mechanical models are suitable for computing accurate reaction forces on surgical instruments and for computing the deformations of organs. They also provide a useful benchmark for measuring the realism of real-time tissue models used in virtual reality-based surgical trainers.
authors: School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea. jungkim@kaist.ac.kr
authors: Jung
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Bummo
authors: B
authors: Ahn
authors: Suvranu
authors: S
authors: De
authors: Mandayam A
authors: MA
authors: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014781:Viscera / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*