title: Indulgent feeding style and children's weight status in preschool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to examine whether parent affect and child temperament characteristics differ across feeding styles in low-income families, given suggestive evidence. The secondary aim was to examine whether feeding styles were still related to children's body mass index independent of parent affect, child temperament, and known correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in this study were 718 parents of children attending Head Start programs across two sites (Texas and Alabama). Parents were categorized into feeding styles of authoritative (n = 118), authoritarian (n = 219), indulgent (n = 240) and uninvolved (n = 141) using a parent-report questionnaire characterizing feeding in a general parenting paradigm. Parents completed questionnaires and measured height and weight was obtained from parents and children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences were found across feeding styles on parent affect and child temperament characteristics. Indulgent parents reported lower Negative Affect for themselves and lower Negative Affectivity for their children. The indulgent feeding style was significantly associated with higher child body mass index after controlling for parent affect, child temperament, and correlates (ethnicity, child age, parent body mass index).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study not only show a robust association between the indulgent feeding style and weight status of low-income preschool children, but also suggest how congruence between parent emotional affect and child temperament characteristics may contribute to excess consumption among children of indulgent parents.
authors: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. shughes@bcm.tmc.edu
authors: Sheryl O
authors: SO
authors: Hughes
authors: Richard M
authors: RM
authors: Shewchuk
authors: Monica L
authors: ML
authors: Baskin
authors: Theresa A
authors: TA
authors: Nicklas
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Qu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001318:Authoritarianism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010541:Permissiveness; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*