title: Neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties of a novel demethylated curcuminoid.
abstract: A demethylated derivative of curcumin (DC; 67.8% bisdemethylcurcumin, 20.7% demethylmonodemethoxycurcumin, 5.86% bisdemethoxycurcumin, 2.58% demethylcurcumin) was prepared by using a 95% extract of curcumin (C(95); 72.2% curcumin, 18.8% monodemethoxycurcumin, 4.5% bisdemethoxycurcumin). DC increased glutathione and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HT4 neuronal cells. In a model of glutamate-induced death of HT4, DC was more effective than C(95) in neuroprotection. The protective effects of DC were retained even when DC was withdrawn from culture media after pretreatment. DC treatment, unlike an equal dose of C(95), completely spared glutamate-induced loss of cellular GSH. Both DC and C(95) prevented glutamate-induced elevation of cellular ROS but failed to attenuate glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular calcium. In human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) challenged with TNF-alpha, GeneChip analysis revealed that only a subcluster of 23 TNF-alpha-inducible genes were uniquely sensitive to C(95). In sharp contrast, 1,065 TNF-alpha-inducible genes were sensitive to DC but not to C(95), suggesting that DC was more effective in antagonizing the effects of TNF-alpha on HMECs. Functional analysis identified that the genes uniquely sensitive to DC belonged in four functional categories: cytokine-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Real-time PCR as well as ELISA studies demonstrated that TNF-alpha-inducible CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression was sensitive to DC but not to C(95). Flow-cytometry studies recognized ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as TNF-alpha-inducible adhesion molecules that were uniquely sensitive to DC. Taken together, DC exhibited promising neuroprotective and antiinflammatory properties that must be characterized in vivo.
authors: Departments of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors: Savita
authors: S
authors: Khanna
authors: Han-A
authors: HA
authors: Park
authors: Chandan K
authors: CK
authors: Sen
authors: Trimurtulu
authors: T
authors: Golakoti
authors: Krishanu
authors: K
authors: Sengupta
authors: Somepalli
authors: S
authors: Venkateswarlu
authors: Sashwati
authors: S
authors: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003474:Curcumin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005978:Glutathione; D003474:Curcumin; D002118:Calcium