Preoperative planning for DIEP breast reconstruction: early experience of the use of computerised tomography angiography with VoNavix 3D software for perforator navigation.
The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is normally the first choice in breast reconstruction; however, due to the considerable vascular anatomical variation and the learning curve for the procedure, muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flaps are still frequently performed to reduce the rate of complications. Accurate preoperative investigation of the perforators would allow better operative preparation and possibly shorten the learning curve. In an effort to increase accuracy of preoperative planning and to aid preoperative decision-making in free abdominal flap breast reconstruction, we have acquired the use of VoNavix, software that creates three dimensional images from computerised tomography angiography (CTA) data. The use of the VoNavix software for analysis of CTA provides superior imaging that can be viewed in theatre. It, together with CTA, enables decisions to be made preoperatively, including: which side to raise the flap; whether to aim for a medial or lateral row perforator; whether to take a segment of muscle and whether to expect an easy or difficult dissection. We have now performed over 60 free abdominal flap breast reconstructions aided with CTA, and 10 of these cases also used VoNavix technology. This paper presents our initial experience with the use of this software, illustrated with three patient examples. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Pacifico
M D
MD
Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, Holtye Road, East Grinstead, West Sussex RH19 3DZ, UK. marcpacifico@dial.pipex.com
See
M S
MS
Cavale
N
N
Collyer
J
J
Francis
I
I
Jones
M E
ME
Hazari
A
A
Boorman
J G
JG
Smith
R W
RW
D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D019074:Epigastric Arteries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012984:Software; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology