title: Cloning and characterisation of a maize carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (ZmCCD1) and its involvement in the biosynthesis of apocarotenoids with various roles in mutualistic and parasitic interactions.
abstract: Colonisation of maize roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi leads to the accumulation of apocarotenoids (cyclohexenone and mycorradicin derivatives). Other root apocarotenoids (strigolactones) are involved in signalling during early steps of the AM symbiosis but also in stimulation of germination of parasitic plant seeds. Both apocarotenoid classes are predicted to originate from cleavage of a carotenoid substrate by a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), but the precursors and cleavage enzymes are unknown. A Zea mays CCD (ZmCCD1) was cloned by RT-PCR and characterised by expression in carotenoid accumulating E. coli strains and analysis of cleavage products using GC-MS. ZmCCD1 efficiently cleaves carotenoids at the 9, 10 position and displays 78% amino acid identity to Arabidopsis thaliana CCD1 having similar properties. ZmCCD1 transcript levels were shown to be elevated upon root colonisation by AM fungi. Mycorrhization led to a decrease in seed germination of the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica as examined in a bioassay. ZmCCD1 is proposed to be involved in cyclohexenone and mycorradicin formation in mycorrhizal maize roots but not in strigolactone formation.
authors: Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Zhongkui
authors: Z
authors: Sun
authors: Joachim
authors: J
authors: Hans
authors: Michael H
authors: MH
authors: Walter
authors: Radoslava
authors: R
authors: Matusova
authors: Jules
authors: J
authors: Beekwilder
authors: Francel W A
authors: FW
authors: Verstappen
authors: Zhao
authors: Z
authors: Ming
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: van Echtelt
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Strack
authors: Ton
authors: T
authors: Bisseling
authors: Harro J
authors: HJ
authors: Bouwmeester
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011090:Polyenes / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D034362:Striga / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011090:Polyenes; C458517:mycorradicin; D002338:Carotenoids; D049308:Dioxygenases; C431939:carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1