title: Serum lipid responses to psyllium fiber: differences between pre- and post-menopausal, hypercholesterolemic women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men. Psyllium, a soluble fiber has been known to reduce serum lipids. In this pilot study, we evaluated whether menopausal status would affect the serum lipid responses to psyllium fiber in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven post-menopausal and eight pre-menopausal women with serum total cholesterol >200 mg/dL were included in the study. Subjects consumed their habitual diet and 15 g psyllium/d for 6 weeks. Psyllium was incorporated into cookies. Each cookie contained approximately 5 g of psyllium fiber. Subjects ate one cookie in each meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With psyllium fiber, total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower ( approximately 5.2%, P < 0.05) in post-menopausal women but not in pre-menopausal women ( approximately 1.3%). Also, there was a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol in post-menopausal women ( approximately 10.2%, P < 0.05). There were no significant changes observed in concentrations of LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B in both pre- and post-menopausal women with psyllium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, post- and pre-menopausal, hypercholesterolemic women responded differently to psyllium fiber supplementation. Post-menopausal women would benefit from addition of psyllium to their diets in reducing the risk for heart diseases. The results of this study should be used with caution because the study was based on a small sample size.
authors: Division of Nutrition, School of Health Professions, College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA. vganji@gsu.edu
authors: Vijay
authors: V
authors: Ganji
authors: Jennifer
authors: J
authors: Kuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D011620:Psyllium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014280:Triglycerides; D011620:Psyllium; D002784:Cholesterol