title: Development and validation of a preference based measure derived from the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for use in cost utility analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary Hypertension is a severe and incurable disease with poor prognosis. A suite of new disease-specific measures--the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) - was recently developed for use in this condition. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a preference based measure from the CAMPHOR that could be used in cost-utility analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Items were selected that covered major issues covered by the CAMPHOR QoL scale (activities, travelling, dependence and communication). These were used to create 36 health states that were valued by 249 people representative of the UK adult population, using the time trade-off (TTO) technique. Data from the TTO interviews were analysed using both aggregate and individual level modelling. Finally, the original CAMPHOR validation data were used to validate the new preference based model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predicted health state values ranged from 0.962 to 0.136. The mean level model selected for analyzing the data had good explanatory power (0.936), did not systematically over- or underestimate the observed mean health state values and showed no evidence of auto correlation in the prediction errors. The value of less than 1 reflects a background level of ill health in state 1111, as judged by the respondents. Scores derived from the new measure had excellent test-retest reliability (0.85) and construct validity. The CAMPHOR utility score appears better able to distinguish between WHO functional classes (II and III) than the EQ-5D and SF-6D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tariff derived in this study can be used to classify an individual into a health state based on their responses to the CAMPHOR. The results of this study widen the evidence base for conducting economic evaluations of interventions designed to improve QoL for patients with PH.
authors: Galen Research Ltd, Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK. smckenna@galen-research.com
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: McKenna
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Ratcliffe
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Meads
authors: John E
authors: JE
authors: Brazier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D006113:United Kingdom