title: Regulation of the endosomal SNARE protein syntaxin 7 by colony-stimulating factor 1 in macrophages.
abstract: Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is the main growth factor controlling the development of macrophages from myeloid progenitor cells. However, CSF-1 also regulates some of the key effector functions of macrophages (e.g., phagocytosis and cytokine secretion). The endosomal SNARE protein syntaxin 7 (Stx7) regulates vesicle trafficking events involved in phagocytosis and cytokine secretion. Therefore, we investigated the ability of CSF-1 to regulate Stx7. CSF-1 upregulated Stx7 expression in primary mouse macrophages; it also upregulated expression of its SNARE partners Vti1b and VAMP8 but not Stx8. Additionally, CSF-1 induced the rapid serine phosphorylation of Stx7 and enhanced its binding to Vti1b, Stx8, and VAMP8. Bioinformatics analysis and results from experiments with kinase inhibitors suggested the CSF-1-induced phosphorylation of Stx7 was mediated by protein kinase C and Akt in response to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation. Based on mutagenesis studies, CSF-1 appeared to increase the binding of Stx7 to its SNARE partners by inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in the Habc domain and/or "linker" region of Stx7. Thus, CSF-1 is a key regulator of Stx7 expression and function in macrophages. Furthermore, the effects of CSF-1 on Stx7 may provide a mechanism for the regulation of macrophage effector functions by CSF-1.
authors: Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Achuthan
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Masendycz
authors: Jamie A
authors: JA
authors: Lopez
authors: Thao
authors: T
authors: Nguyen
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: James
authors: Matthew J
authors: MJ
authors: Sweet
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Hamilton
authors: Glen M
authors: GM
authors: Scholz
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010768:Phosphoserine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins