title: Multicenter clinical study on the efficacy and safety of inhalable insulin aerosol in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new inhalable insulin aerosol (Inh-Ins) was developed in China. The aim of this multicenter clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new Inh-Ins as a treatment of type 2 diabetes. Regular porcine insulin (RI) was used as a control.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group multicenter clinical trial in which 253 qualified patients with type 2 diabetes received the insulin Glargine daily at bedtime plus either a pre-meal Inh-Ins or a pre-meal subcutaneous RI for 12 weeks. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the 1-hour-postprandial blood glucose (1hPBG) and the 2-hour-postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) were measured. Events were monitored for adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks, the HbA1c decreased significantly from baseline in both treatment groups, with no significant difference between the two regimens. In the Inh-Ins group, FPG, both 1hPBG and 2hPBG significantly declined from baseline after the 8th- and 12th-weeks of treatment. The reduced values of FPG or 1hPBG between the two groups showed a more significant hypoglycemic effect with the Inh-Ins than the RI. After 12 weeks, the pulmonary carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLco) was significantly lower in Inh-Ins group than in the RI. The main side effects of Inh-Ins were coughing, excessive sputum, and hypoglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inh-Ins was effective in decreasing HbA1c like the RI. It was better in lowering the FPG and the 1hPBG than the RI. Its main side effects were coughing, excessive sputum, and hypoglycemia. Also, Inh-Ins slightly impaired DLco.
authors: Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors: Zhi-hong
authors: ZH
authors: Liao
authors: Ying-li
authors: YL
authors: Chen
authors: Fang-ping
authors: FP
authors: Li
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Hai
authors: H
authors: Lu
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Yan
authors: Zhi-guang
authors: ZG
authors: Zhou
authors: Da-long
authors: DL
authors: Zhu
authors: Li-nong
authors: LN
authors: Ji
authors: Jian-ping
authors: JP
authors: Weng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000336:Aerosols; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human