title: Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This review addressed the focused question of what is the predictability of vertical ridge augmentation techniques for patients, who were diagnosed with insufficient alveolar bone volume for the placement of dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic online review of three main databases was performed between 1966 and 1 November 2007. Four groups of vertical bone augmentation techniques have been identified and evaluated: (1) guided bone regeneration, (2) distraction osteogenesis, (3) onlay bone grafting, and (4) an array of different techniques. Data extraction was based on the following outcomes: (a) success and failure rate of the procedure (vertical bone gain/loss), (b) complication rate of the procedure, and (c) implant survival, success and failure rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial search identified 189 papers from the electronic database. The review produced seven papers for GBR, 13 reporting distraction osteogenesis, five for onlay bone grafting and three describing different techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the concept of vertical ridge augmentation to enable dental implant placement, there are clinical and histological data supporting its potential use. Given the confined number of investigators using these techniques and the low number of patient treatments reported in the literature, the generalizability of this approach is limited at this time.
authors: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. isabella.rocchietta@gmail.com
authors: Isabella
authors: I
authors: Rocchietta
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Fontana
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Simion
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants