title: Changes in the internal structure of the human crystalline lens with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and type 2 on the internal structure of the lens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seven patients with DM type 1, 106 patients with DM type 2, and 75 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Scheimpflug photography was used to image the lens of the right eye of 213 patients with DM and 75 healthy control subjects. The densitogram of the Scheimpflug image was used to indicate the nucleus and the different layers of the cortex of the lens. Lenses with cataract were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  The size of the nucleus and the different layers of the cortex of the lens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nucleus and the different cortical layers of the DM type 1 lenses were significantly thicker compared with those of the control group (P<0.001). A significant association was found between the duration of DM type 1 and both the anterior and posterior cortex, its different layers, and the nucleus (P<0.001). The increase in the anterior and posterior cortex with the duration of DM was comparable with that of the nucleus. No important differences in the internal structure of the lens were found between the patients with DM type 2 and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus type 1 has a significant effect on the internal structure of the lens. The difference in effect of DM type 1 and type 2 on internal lens structure suggests an essential difference in pathogenesis. Furthermore, the results of the present study may indicate that the increase in the size of the lens with DM type 1 is the result of a generalized swelling of the lens, affecting all its different parts.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Nanouk G M
authors: NG
authors: Wiemer
authors: Michiel
authors: M
authors: Dubbelman
authors: Erik A
authors: EA
authors: Hermans
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Ringens
authors: Bettine C P
authors: BC
authors: Polak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007904:Lens Cortex, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology*; D007907:Lens Nucleus, Crystalline / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human