title: Sources of hepatic glucose production by 2H2O ingestion and Bayesian analysis of 2H glucuronide enrichment.
abstract: The contribution of gluconeogenesis to hepatic glucose production (GP) was quantified after (2)H(2)O ingestion by Bayesian analysis of the position 2 and 5 (2)H-NMR signals (H2 and H5) of monoacetone glucose (MAG) derived from urinary acetaminophen glucuronide. Six controls and 10 kidney transplant (KTx) patients with cyclosporine A (CsA) immunosuppressant therapy were studied. Seven KTx patients were lean and euglycemic (BMI = 24.3 +/- 1.0 kg/m(2); fasting glucose = 4.7 +/- 0.1 mM) while three were obese and hyperglycemic (BMI = 30.5 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2); fasting glucose = 7.1 +/- 0.5 mM). For the 16 spectra analyzed, the mean coefficient of variation for the gluconeogenesis contribution was 10% +/- 5%. This uncertainty was associated with a mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 79:1 and 45:1 for the MAG H2 and H5 signals, respectively. For control subjects, gluconeogenesis contributed 54% +/- 7% of GP as determined by the mean and standard deviation (SD) of individual Bayesian analyses. For the lean/normoglycemic KTx subjects, the gluconeogenic contribution to GP was 62% +/- 7% (P = 0.06 vs. controls), while hyperglycemic/obese KTx patients had a gluconeogenic contribution of 68% +/- 3% (P < 0.005 vs. controls). These data suggest that in KTx patients, an increased gluconeogenic contribution to GP is strongly associated with obesity and hyperglycemia.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, NMR Research Unit, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Delgado
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Barosa
authors: M M C A
authors: MM
authors: Castro
authors: C F G C
authors: CF
authors: Geraldes
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bastos
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Baptista
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Fagulha
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Barros
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mota
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Carvalheiro
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Jones
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Merritt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis*; D017666:Deuterium Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012015:Reference Standards; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020719:Glucuronides; D008112:Liver Glycogen; D003903:Deuterium; D017666:Deuterium Oxide