title: Participation in clinical trials as viewed by the patient: understanding cultural and emotional aspects which influence choice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients invited to take part in a clinical trial may evoke an archetype on which they may base their decision of adherence to participation, instead of on the study itself.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 17-item, multiple choice questionnaire was developed, tested and then administered to 102 Italian-speaking patients with advanced lung or breast cancers who had never been exposed to participation in a trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was answered by all patients. Eighty-five percent were positive about trial participation. Demographic factors did not influence patients' willingness to participate. Trust in the investigator (76%) or in the institute (64%) and hope of receiving a new chance for cure (78%) were cited as reasons to accept participation. A minority was concerned by potential conflicts of interest (31%) or the thought of being 'guinea pigs' (36%), and feared that doctors were interested in advancing their own research, even though there were more efficient drugs available (28%). Fifty percent feared receiving a little-known medicine, and 76% considered that a thorough explanation of toxicity/safety of the proposed treatment helped them decide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several prejudices, fears and some hopes have been captured by the questionnaire. Understanding such specifics will improve patient information leading patients to a more conscious motivation in deciding whether to participate in a clinical trial.
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. chiara.catania@ieo.it
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Catania
authors: Tommaso
authors: T
authors: De Pas
authors: Aron
authors: A
authors: Goldhirsch
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Radice
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Adamoli
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Medici
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Verri
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Marenghi
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: de Braud
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Nolè
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002755:Choice Behavior; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D003469:Culture; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires