title: Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms with aspirin intolerance in asthmatics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) refers to the development of bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals following the ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), a membrane-bound peptidase present in the lung, plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of the endogenous peptides involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened a Korean asthma cohort (581 asthmatics including 81 aspirin-intolerant asthmatics and 231 aspirin-tolerant asthmatics, and 181 normal controls) for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; -262 A>T and -115 T>C in the 5'-flanking region and +5467 T>C [Pro450Pro] and+11860 A>G [Thr776Thr] in the coding region) and one ins/del (+21288 CT) in the ACE gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the SNPs or haplotypes showed any association with the development of asthma, but they were significantly associated with the risk of AIA. Logistic regression indicated that the frequency of the rare alleles of -262 A>T and -115 T>C was higher in subjects with AIA than in subjects with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) (P=0.003-0.01, P( corr)=0.015-0.05). Subjects homozygous for the rare alleles of -262 A>T and -115 T>C showed a greater decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) after aspirin provocation than those homozygous for the common alleles (P<0.05). A luciferase reporter assay indicated that ACE promoters containing the rare -262 A>T allele possessed lower activity than did those containing the common allele (P=0.009). In addition, ACE promoters bearing the rare -115 T>C allele had no luciferase activity. DNA-protein binding assays revealed a band containing the ACE promoter region (including -262 A) and a protein complex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The -262 A>T polymorphism in the promoter of the ACE gene is associated with AIA, and the rare allele of -262 A>T may confer aspirin hypersensitivity via the down-regulation of ACE expression.
authors: Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Disease, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors: T-H
authors: TH
authors: Kim
authors: H-S
authors: HS
authors: Chang
authors: S-M
authors: SM
authors: Park
authors: B-Y
authors: BY
authors: Nam
authors: J-S
authors: JS
authors: Park
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Rhim
authors: H-S
authors: HS
authors: Park
authors: M-K
authors: MK
authors: Kim
authors: I S
authors: IS
authors: Choi
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Cho
authors: I Y
authors: IY
authors: Chung
authors: B-L
authors: BL
authors: Park
authors: C-S
authors: CS
authors: Park
authors: H-D
authors: HD
authors: Shin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D001241:Aspirin