title: The impact of drug samples on prescribing to the uninsured.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether drug samples are associated with physicians prescribing fewer generic, less costly medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study at a large university-affiliated internal medicine practice containing over 70 physicians. Using a pharmacy database, we identified all prescriptions written to uninsured or Medicaid patients that belonged to one of four classes of chronic medications. For the 9 months before and after the clinic closed its drug sample closet, we calculated the percentage of medications prescribed as generics and the mean cost of a 30-day supply of a prescription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 8911 prescriptions, 1973 met inclusion criteria. For uninsured patients, the percentage of medications prescribed as generics rose from 12% to 30% after the clinic closed its drug sample closet (P = 0.004). By consecutive three month periods, the percentage of prescribed generic medications rose steadily to a maximum of 40% (P < 0.001). For Medicaid patients, there was no significant change in generic prescribing (63% generic with samples versus 65% generic without samples, P = 0.42). Two factors were associated with generic prescribing in logistic regression: the absence of drug samples (OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.37-15.0) and the prescriber being an attending physician (OR 5.26, 95% CI 2.24-12.4). There was no statistically significant change in cost for either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians were three times more likely to prescribe generic medications to uninsured patients after drug samples were removed from the office. Drug samples may paradoxically lead to higher costs if physicians with access to samples prescribe more brand-name only drugs.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1051, USA. dmiller@wfubmc.edu
authors: David P
authors: DP
authors: Miller
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Mansfield
authors: Jonathan B
authors: JB
authors: Woods
authors: James L
authors: JL
authors: Wofford
authors: William P
authors: WP
authors: Moran
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016527:Drug Costs; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008389:Marketing of Health Services; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D009657:North Carolina; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic