Application of mass spectrometry to the characterization and quantification of food-derived bioactive peptides.
Biologically active peptides are of particular interest in food science and nutrition because they have been shown to play different physiological roles, including antihypertensive, opioid, antimicrobial, and immunostimulating activities. Because these peptides are generated by protein hydrolysis or fermentation, they can represent only minor constituents in a highly complex matrix and therefore, identification of biologically active peptides in food matrixes is a challenging task in food technology. In this context, mass spectrometry (MS) has developed into a necessary tool to assess quality and safety of food and, more recently, to determine the presence and behavior of functional components such as these bioactive peptides. This review highlights the existing methods based on MS to identify, characterize, and quantify food-derived biologically active peptides, taking into account the different ionization sources used for the analysis of these high-value food components. The quantitative determination of bioactive peptides in food products or biological fluids is also discussed.
Contreras
María del Mar
Mdel M
Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
López-Expósito
Iván
I
Hernández-Ledesma
Blanca
B
Ramos
Mercedes
M
Recio
Isidra
I
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010455:Peptides