title: Flaxseed oil prevents trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid-induced insulin resistance in mice.
abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are found in 35 and 30 % of US adults, respectively. Trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been found to cause both these disorders in several animal models. We hypothesised that IR and NAFLD caused by CLA result from n-3 fatty acid deficiency. Pathogen-free C57BL/6N female mice (aged 8 weeks; n 10) were fed either a control diet or diets containing trans-10, cis-12-CLA (0.5 %) or CLA+flaxseed oil (FSO) (0.5 %+0.5 %) for 8 weeks. Weights of livers, concentration of circulating insulin, values of homeostatic model 1 (HOMA1) for IR and HOMA1 for beta cell function were higher by 160, 636, 985 and 968 % in the CLA group compared with those in the control group. FSO decreased fasting glucose by 20 % and liver weights by 37 % compared with those in the CLA group; it maintained circulating insulin, HOMA1-IR and HOMA1 for beta cell function at levels found in the control group. CLA supplementation decreased n-6 and n-3 wt% concentrations of liver lipids by 57 and 73 % and increased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 58 % compared with corresponding values in the control group. FSO increased n-6 and n-3 PUFA in liver lipids by 33 and 342 % and decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio by 70 % compared with corresponding values in the CLA group. The present results suggest that some adverse effects of CLA may be due to n-3 PUFA deficiency and that these can be corrected by a concomitant increase in the intake of alpha-linolenic acid, 18 : 3n-3.
authors: Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, 430 West Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA. darshan.kelley@ars.usda.gov
authors: Darshan S
authors: DS
authors: Kelley
authors: Madhuri
authors: M
authors: Vemuri
authors: Yuriko
authors: Y
authors: Adkins
authors: Sher Himmat S
authors: SH
authors: Gill
authors: Dawn
authors: D
authors: Fedor
authors: Bruce E
authors: BE
authors: Mackey
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000633:toxicity*; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; C496197:trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid; D008043:Linseed Oil