title: Angiogenic cytokines in induced sputum of patients  with sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology involving multiple organs and often associated with non-granulomatous microangiopathic lesions in various organs. Increased angiogenesis-inducing ability of activated alveolar macrophages was found in bronchoalveolar specimens from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and from patients with extrapulmonary involvement. In contrast, decreased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were found in BAL fluid recovered from sarcoid-associated pulmonary fibrosis. This study evaluated whether sarcoidosis is associated with abnormalities of VEGF and IL-8 in induced sputum (IS) samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three sarcoid patients and 13 controls performed IS. CD4/CD8 T-cell subsets were measured, as were pulmonary function tests and VEGF and IL-8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sarcoid patients showed significantly higher mean %lymphocytes (P = 0.04), significantly higher mean CD4/CD8 ratio (P = 0.0001) and significantly lower VEGF levels (P = 0.03) than controls. Patients with stages III-IV sarcoidosis showed a lower level of VEGF compared with those with stages I-II sarcoidosis (P = 0.048). IL-8 was detected in 10/35 samples and positively correlated with % neutrophils (P = 0.054) and eosinophils (P = 0.045). VEGF immunohistochemical staining showed a mixed pattern of expression in the same tissue samples and was low in fibrotic tissue areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF in IS samples may reflect impairment in angiogenesis associated with the extent of sarcoid fibrosis and functional disorders.
authors: Department of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. fireman@tasmc.health.gov.il
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Fireman
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Gilburd
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Marmor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A