title: A transcriptional network coordinately determines transmitter and peptidergic fate in the dorsal spinal cord.
abstract: Dorsal horn neurons express many different neuropeptides that modulate sensory perception like the sensation of pain. Inhibitory neurons of the dorsal horn derive from postmitotic neurons that express Pax2, Lbx1 and Lhx1/5, and diversify during maturation. In particular, fractions of maturing inhibitory neurons express various neuropeptides. We demonstrate here that a coordinate molecular mechanism determines inhibitory and peptidergic fate in the developing dorsal horn. A bHLH factor complex that contains Ptf1a acts as upstream regulator and initiates the expression of several downstream transcription factors in the future inhibitory neurons, of which Pax2 is known to determine the neurotransmitter phenotype. We demonstrate here that dynorphin, galanin, NPY, nociceptin and enkephalin expression depends on Ptf1a, indicating that these neuropeptides are expressed in inhibitory neurons. Furthermore, we show that Neurod1/2/6 and Lhx1/5, which act downstream of Ptf1a, control distinct aspects of peptidergic differentiation. In particular, the Neurod1/2/6 factors are essential for dynorphin and galanin expression, whereas the Lhx1/5 factors are essential for NPY expression. We conclude that a transcriptional network operates in maturing dorsal horn neurons that coordinately determines transmitter and peptidergic fate.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Bröhl
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Strehle
authors: Hagen
authors: H
authors: Wende
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Hori
authors: Ingo
authors: I
authors: Bormuth
authors: Klaus-Armin
authors: KA
authors: Nave
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Müller
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Birchmeier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D014157:Transcription Factors; C499523:Lhx1 protein, mouse; C102995:Lhx5 protein, mouse; C501008:Neurod1 protein, mouse; C098995:Neurod2 protein, mouse; C110701:Neurod6 protein, mouse; C062602:transcription factor PTF1