title: High level of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 expression is associated with cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of several solid tumors including osteosarcoma (OS). Despite aggressive treatment, 25% of patients with OS continue to die from their disease. Since cisplatin based regimens have been uniformly used in OS therapy, treatment failure is likely due, at least in part, to cisplatin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between MKP-1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity of OS cell lines and to explore the mechanism underlying this relationship. Three OS cell lines were examined for their MKP-1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity. JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis induction was also measured. Western and Northern blot, flow cytometry, siRNA, and MTT assays were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  U2OS cells, which express high level of MKP-1, are less sensitive to cisplatin-induced cell death. Inhibition of MKP-1 by siRNA silencing sensitizes U2OS cells to cisplatin-induced cell death. Furthermore, delayed apoptosis induction following cisplatin treatment was observed in U2OS, in parallel to decreased JNK activation, increased MKP-1 expression and relatively increased cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, triptolide, an MKP-1 inhibitor, blocks MKP-1 expression and enhances cisplatin-induced cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High MKP-1 expression is associated with decreased sensitivity or increased resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death in OS cell lines, and MKP-1 could potentially be used as a marker of cisplatin resistance and a therapeutic target for molecular therapies.
authors: Carman & Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors: Zhihong
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Jun-Ying
authors: JY
authors: Zhou
authors: Deepa
authors: D
authors: Kanakapalli
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Buck
authors: Gen Sheng
authors: GS
authors: Wu
authors: Yaddanapudi
authors: Y
authors: Ravindranath
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054639:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C120407:DUSP10 protein, human; D054639:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D054637:Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; D002945:Cisplatin