title: Severe complications of bronchoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interventional bronchoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis and therapy of many lung and airway diseases. Concern has been raised about its complications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the severe complications associated with bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of clinical records of 23,862 patients who underwent bronchoscopic examination or therapy from December 1983 to December 2004 in our department. Severe complications associated with bronchoscopic examination or therapy were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, among 23,862 cases, 152 cases experienced severe complications; 3 cases died; the rate of severe complications was 0.637%; mortality rate was 0.013%. The complications included laryngeal, tracheal and bronchial spasm in 68 cases, hematorrhea in 37 cases, arrhythmia in 19 cases, airway obstruction in 8 cases, esophagotracheal fistula in 5 cases, pneumothorax in 4 cases, tracheal perforation in 3 cases, death in 3 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy is a safe procedure. The increased rate of severe complications and death associated with bronchoscopy may be ascribed to the increasingly wide use of bronchoscopy.
authors: Department of Respiratory Disease, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. jinfag@hotmail.com
authors: Faguang
authors: F
authors: Jin
authors: Deguang
authors: D
authors: Mu
authors: Dongling
authors: D
authors: Chu
authors: Enqing
authors: E
authors: Fu
authors: Yonghong
authors: Y
authors: Xie
authors: Tonggang
authors: T
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000209:etiology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000209:etiology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007826:Laryngismus / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000209:etiology; D014132:Trachea / Q000293:injuries; D014138:Tracheoesophageal Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult