title: Development and validation of a highly efficient protocol of porcine somatic cloning using preovulatory embryo transfer in peripubertal gilts.
abstract: The efficiency of porcine somatic nuclear transfer (born piglets/transferred embryos) is low. Here, we report a highly efficient protocol using peripubertal gilts as recipients synchronized to ovulate approximately 24 h after transfer of cloned embryos. Retrospectively, we compared the efficiency of two different synchronization protocols: In group 1, recipient animals were synchronized to ovulate approximately 6 h prior to surgical embryo transfer while in group 2 the animals were treated to ovulate 24 h after embryo transfer. In total, 1562 cloned embryos were transferred to 12 recipients in group 1; two of them became pregnant (16.7%). One pregnancy was lost on day 32, the second pregnancy went to term, and led to the birth of one healthy piglet after Cesarean section. In group 2, 1531 cloned embryos were transferred to 12 recipients. Nine recipients (75.0%) became pregnant as determined by ultrasound scanning on day 25. All pregnancies went to term and delivered a total of 47 live-born piglets. The cloning efficiency of both groups differed significantly (group 1: 0.1%, group 2: 3.1%, p < 0.05). This modified protocol was then applied in subsequent experiments using different types of transgenic and nontransgenic donor cells with similar success rates. Results show that this protocol is robust and highly reproducible, and can thus be employed for routine production of cloned pigs.
authors: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics (FLI), Department of Biotechnology, Hoeltystrasse 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany.
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Petersen
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Lucas-Hahn
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: Oropeza
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Hornen
authors: Erika
authors: E
authors: Lemme
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Hassel
authors: Anna-Lisa
authors: AL
authors: Queisser
authors: Heiner
authors: H
authors: Niemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D010060:Ovulation; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine