title: Changes in plasma lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease in army veterans suffering from chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the differences in serum lipid concentrations between veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and veterans without PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined plasma lipid parameters and calculated risk factors for 50 veterans in the PTSD group and 50 veterans in the non-PTSD group. Trauma exposure, coping strategies, and quality of life were assessed with Life Stressor List, Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life Scale, and Folkman-Lazarus Coping Strategies Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the groups in the exposure to combat trauma. PTSD group had significantly lover education than non-PTSD group (10.6+/-1.8 vs 12.4+/-2.6 years, P=0.007) and lower monthly income per family member (euro67.8+/-51.3 vs euro281.9+/-208.2, P<0.001). PTSD group had significantly higher levels of all plasma lipid parameters (cholesterol: 6.54+/-1.24 vs 5.40+/-1.09 mmol/L, P<0.001; triglycerides: 2.55+/-0.68 vs 1.73+/-0.77 mmol/L, P<0.001; very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol: 1.14+/-0.32 vs 0.78+/-0.35 mmol/L, P<0.001; low density lipoprotein-cholesterol: 4.49+/-1.06 vs 3.46+/-0.93 mmol/L, P<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in PTSD group (0.96+/-0.18 vs 1.15+/-0.24 mmol/L, P<0.001). Established risk factor for arteriosclerosis (6.96+/-1.19 vs 4.71+/-0.88, P<0.001) and Adult Treatment Panel III ten years risk for coronary disease (19.44+/-7.27% vs 9.74+/-4.10%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the PTSD group. Secondary traumatization was significantly more frequent in the PTSD group (3.8+/-5.7 vs 1.3+/-4.7 events; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic PTSD is associated with dyslipidemia, leading to an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Environmental factors and coping strategies should be considered as important factors for the occurrence and persistence of PTSD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Bolnicka 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. almadz@epn.ba
authors: Alma
authors: A
authors: Dzubur Kulenović
authors: Abdulah
authors: A
authors: Kucukalić
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Malec
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017522:Bosnia and Herzegovina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine; D008889:Military Personnel; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids