Cost-effectiveness of hearing aids in the hearing-impaired elderly: a probabilistic approach.
OBJECTIVE
Hearing aids are the principal tool for rehabilitation of hearing loss, one of the most prevalent impairments among elderly adults, but cost-utility ratings for hearing aid use are limited.


METHODS
Cost-effectiveness analysis.


METHODS
A multistate Markov model was constructed to model 50- to 80-year-old patients moving between states, including normal hearing, mild, moderate, or severe hearing loss. Parameters assigned in the model are partly derived from the Medline source (1966-2005) and partly from data on hearing-impaired elders (n = 96) in a tertiary care center in Taiwan. To address uncertainty, most of the parameters were specified by distributions, rather than base-case values. A probabilistic approach with Monte Carlo simulations was performed to produce an acceptability curve, showing the probabilities of being cost-effective given threshold values of willingness to pay (WTP).


METHODS
Hearing-related quality-adjusted life-years and cost in US dollars and Euros.


RESULTS
The incremental costs for gaining an additional hearing-related quality-adjusted life-years in women and men were US $13,615 (Euro 10,826) and 9,702 (Euro 7,715), respectively. The probability of being cost-effective increased to 53% in women and 65% in men given a WTP of US $12,000 (Euro 9,542). The probabilities of being cost-effective to reach plateau were 67% for women and 78% for men given a WTP of US $20,000 (Euro 15,904).


CONCLUSIONS
By modeling different degrees of hearing loss with a multistate model, hearing aid use was demonstrated to be a cost-effective strategy to rehabilitate the hearing-impaired elderly. These results can assist policy makers in allocating health resources appropriately and effectively.
Chao
Ting-Kuang
TK
Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chen
Tony Hsiu-Hsi
TH
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006310:Hearing Aids; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011050:Policy Making; D011336:Probability; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D014195:Travel / Q000191:economics