title: Prostate-specific antigen testing and prostate biopsy: are self-reported lower urinary tract symptoms and health-related quality of life associated with the decision to undergo these investigations?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether men's self-reported health-related quality of life and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are associated with acceptance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and subsequent prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective questionnaire study of men aged 50-69 years, nested within the primary-care-based Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment study in nine UK areas, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and a self-reported LUTS measure (ICSmaleSF) were completed immediately before having a PSA test or prostate biopsy, or after not responding to an invitation for a PSA test or refusing a biopsy. Analyses compared 348 men accepting or 232 not responding to invitations for PSA testing and 318 accepting or 48 refusing a prostate biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men accepting or not responding to the invitation for a PSA test had similar HADS, SF-12 and LUTS scores. Men accepting a biopsy had similar HADS and SF-12 scores to those refusing biopsy, but significantly more LUTS (P < 0.01 for hesitancy, reduced stream, intermittency, incomplete emptying, frequency during the day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed or anxious mood, comorbidity and LUTS were not associated with the decision to respond to invitations for a PSA test. Men agreeing to a biopsy were more likely to have LUTS than those refusing, suggesting that men believe that LUTS are a symptom of prostate cancer. Men needing a prostate biopsy require more information about LUTS so that they can make informed choices about testing for prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors: Kerry N L
authors: KN
authors: Avery
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Metcalfe
authors: Jane M
authors: JM
authors: Blazeby
authors: J Athene
authors: JA
authors: Lane
authors: David E
authors: DE
authors: Neal
authors: Freddie C
authors: FC
authors: Hamdy
authors: Jenny L
authors: JL
authors: Donovan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen