title: Metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the era of imatinib: improved survival and elimination of socioeconomic survival disparities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imatinib was approved in 2002 for unresectable and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Our objective was to determine if the introduction of imatinib coincided with improved survival from metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the U.S. population and in specific socioeconomic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Query of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry identified 552 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor between 1995 and 2004. Year of diagnosis was categorized into two periods, 1995 to 2000 and 2001 to 2004, to account for the effect of imatinib. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to examine differences in survival between periods and among socioeconomic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival increased from 12 to 33 months from 1995 to 2000 to 2001 to 2004 (P < 0.001); survival at 47 months increased from 21% to 41%, respectively (P < 0.001). Median survival times for White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian or Pacific Islander, and for low-, middle-, and high-income groups increased significantly in the era of imatinib (all P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, Black race [hazard ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.15-3.32; P = 0.013], Hispanic race (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.14-3.88; P = 0.017), and low income (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.13-2.89; P = 0.014) were associated with the poorest survival during the 1995 to 2000 period. During 2001 to 2004, these disparities in survival were no longer statistically apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival from metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor has improved significantly in the era of imatinib. This improvement has been uniform across all socioeconomic groups, with concomitant elimination of socioeconomic survival disparities potentially due to an assistance program intended to provide universal access to imatinib therapy.
authors: Department of General & Oncology Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
authors: Avo
authors: A
authors: Artinyan
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Perry
authors: P
authors: Soriano
authors: Warren
authors: W
authors: Chow
authors: Smita
authors: S
authors: Bhatia
authors: Joshua D I
authors: JD
authors: Ellenhorn
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018426:SEER Program; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate