title: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the alar ligaments in whiplash injuries: a case-control study.
abstract: METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing signal intensity areas in the alar ligaments.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Conflicting evidence exists whether areas of high signal intensity in the alar ligament on MRI are more frequent in whiplash patients than in noninjured control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control designed study of 173 subjects included one group with persistent whiplash associated disorder Grade I-II after a car accident (n = 59), one with chronic nontraumatic neck pain (n = 57) and one group without neck pain or previous neck trauma (n = 57). High-resolution proton-weighted MRI in 3 planes was used. The images were independently evaluated by two experienced neuroradiologists who were blinded to patient history and group allocation. The alar ligaments were evaluated according to a 4-point grading scale; 0 = low signal intensity throughout the entire cross section area, 1 = high signal intensity in one third or less, 2 = high signal intensity in one-third to two thirds, and 3 = high signal intensity in two thirds or more of the cross section area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alar ligament changes Grade 0 to 3 were seen in all 3 diagnostic groups. Areas of high signal intensity (Grade 2-3) were found in at least one alar ligament in 49% of the patients in the whiplash associated disorder Grade I-II group, in 33% of the chronic neck pain group and in 40% of the control group (chi, P = 0.22). CONCLUSION.: The previously reported assumption that these changes are due to a trauma itself is not supported by this study. The diagnostic value and the clinical relevance of magnetic resonance detectable areas of high intensity in the alar ligaments are questionable.
authors: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. rigmor.myran@ntnu.no
authors: Rigmor
authors: R
authors: Myran
authors: Kjell Arne
authors: KA
authors: Kvistad
authors: Oystein Petter
authors: OP
authors: Nygaard
authors: Hege
authors: H
authors: Andresen
authors: Mari
authors: M
authors: Folvik
authors: John-Anker
authors: JA
authors: Zwart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*