title: Detection of protein biomarkers using high-throughput immunoblotting following focal ischemic or penetrating ballistic-like brain injuries in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent efforts have been aimed at developing a panel of protein biomarkers for the diagnosis/prognosis of the neurological damage associated with acute brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study utilized high-throughput immunoblotting (HTPI) technology to compare changes between two animal models of acute brain injury: penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) which mimics the injury created by a gunshot wound and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) which is a model of stroke. Brain and blood were collected at 24-hours post-injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study identified the changes in 18 proteins following PBBI and 17 proteins following MCAo out of a total of 998 screened proteins. Distinct differences were observed between the two models: five proteins were up- or down-regulated in both models, 23 proteins changed in only one model and one protein was differentially expressed. Western blots were used to verify HTPI results for selected proteins with measurable changes observed in both blood and brain for the proteins STAT3, Tau, PKA RII beta, 14-3-3 epsilon and p43/EMAPII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest distinct post-injury protein profiles between brain injury types (traumatic vs. ischemic) that will facilitate strategies aimed at the differential diagnosis and prognosis of acute brain injury.
authors: Department of Applied Neurobiology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
authors: Changping
authors: C
authors: Yao
authors: Anthony J
authors: AJ
authors: Williams
authors: Andrew K
authors: AK
authors: Ottens
authors: X-C
authors: XC
authors: May Lu
authors: Renwu
authors: R
authors: Chen
authors: Kevin K
authors: KK
authors: Wang
authors: Ronald L
authors: RL
authors: Hayes
authors: Frank C
authors: FC
authors: Tortella
authors: Jitendra R
authors: JR
authors: Dave
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D020202:Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008565:Membrane Proteins