title: Increases in spinal cerebrospinal fluid potassium concentration do not increase isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies demonstrated that MAC for isoflurane directly correlates with the concentration of Na(+) in cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord, the primary site for mediation of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics. If this correlation resulted from increased irritability of the cord, then infusion of increased concentrations of potassium (K(+)) might be predicted to act similarly. However, an absence of effect of K(+) might be interpreted to indicate that K(+) channels do not mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics whereas Na(+) channels remain as potential mediators. Accordingly, in the present study, we examined the effect of altering intrathecal concentrations of K(+) on MAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  In rats prepared with chronic indwelling intrathecal catheters, we infused solutions deficient in K(+) and with an excess of K(+) into the lumbar space and measured MAC for isoflurane 24 h before, during, and 24 h after infusion. Rats similarly prepared were tested for the effect of altered osmolarity on MAC (accomplished by infusion of mannitol) and for the penetration of Na(+) into the cord.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAC of isoflurane never significantly increased with increasing concentrations of K(+) infused intrathecally. At infused concentrations exceeding 12 times the normal concentration of KCl, i.e., 29 mEq/L, rats moved spontaneously at isoflurane concentrations just below, and sometimes at MAC, but the average MAC in these rats did not exceed their control MAC. At the largest infused concentration (58.1 mEq/L), MAC significantly decreased and did not subsequently return to normal (i.e., such large concentrations produced injury). Infusions of lower concentrations of K(+) had no effect on MAC. Infusion of osmotically equivalent solutions of mannitol did not affect MAC. Na(+) infused intrathecally measurably penetrated the spinal cord.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results do not support a mediation or modulation of MAC by K(+) channels.
authors: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA.
authors: Dimitry
authors: D
authors: Shnayderman
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Laster
authors: Edmond I
authors: EI
authors: Eger
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Oh
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Steven L
authors: SL
authors: Jinks
authors: Joseph F
authors: JF
authors: Antognini
authors: Douglas E
authors: DE
authors: Raines
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011188:Potassium / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D007530:Isoflurane; D011188:Potassium