title: Intra-orifice versus hydrodistention implantation technique in dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection for vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Original implantation procedures used dextranomer/hyaluronic acid to create a volcano-like mound at the orifice. Subsequently the hydrodistention implantation technique was described to coapt the intramural ureteral wall with less emphasis on achieving a mound at the orifice and it was reported to be associated with improved outcomes. We compared the results of intra-orifice injection to establish a mound vs the hydrodistention implantation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare results in 96 ureters undergoing intra-orifice injection vs 52 undergoing the hydrodistention implantation technique. We evaluated patient gender and age, reflux grade, injection technique, injected volume and the number of injection sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful reflux resolution was achieved in 124 ureters (84%) with a single implantation, including 83 (86.5%) with intra-orifice injection and 41 (79%) with HIT (p = 0.23). Mean injected volume was significantly increased for the hydrodistention implantation technique vs intra-orifice injection (0.68 vs 0.51 cc, p = 0.002). Univariate analysis showed that female gender, older age, reflux grade and number of injection sites were associated with success. On multivariate analysis only reflux grade remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite using an increased volume of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid to coapt the intramural ureter and orifice, the hydrodistention implantation technique did not improve results over those of intra-orifice injection with a lesser implant volume.
authors: Pediatric Urology Section, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9142, USA.
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Gupta
authors: Warren
authors: W
authors: Snodgrass
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003911:Dextrans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C487487:dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid