title: In vivo laser confocal microscopy findings of cryopreserved and fresh human amniotic membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the cornea-specific in vivo laser confocal microscope has become available. The objective of the current study was to obtain laser confocal images of fresh and cryopreserved human amniotic membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh and cryopreserved amniotic membranes from different donors were examined using the in vivo laser scanning confocal microscope (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II Rostock Cornea Module [HRT II-RCM]; Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Dossenheim, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all samples of both fresh and cryopreserved amniotic membranes, the HRT II-RCM resolved four distinct layers: the epithelium, a basement membrane, a cell-rich stromal layer (fibroblast layer), and a spongy stromal layer. In a posterior aspect of the basement membrane layer (facing the fibroblast layer), microfolds were more prominent in fresh amniotic membranes than in cryopreserved amniotic membranes. For the cell-rich stromal layer, mesenchymal cells were observed more distinctively in fresh amniotic membranes than in cryopreserved amniotic membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These baseline laser confocal images can be used for future investigation of in vivo remodeling after amniotic membrane transplantation.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Kazuhisa
authors: K
authors: Sugiyama
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Scheffer C G
authors: SC
authors: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000166:cytology*; D001684:Biological Dressings; D015925:Cryopreservation; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D014021:Tissue Preservation