title: Resistin gene variation is associated with systemic inflammation but not plasma adipokine levels, metabolic syndrome or coronary atherosclerosis in nondiabetic Caucasians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistin causes insulin resistance and diabetes in mice whereas in humans it is linked to inflammation and atherosclerosis. Few human genetic studies of resistin in inflammation and atherosclerosis have been performed. We hypothesized that the -420C>G putative gain-of-function resistin variant would be associated with inflammatory markers and atherosclerosis but not with metabolic syndrome or adipokines in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association of three resistin polymorphisms, -852A>G, -420C>G and +157C>T, and related haplotypes with plasma resistin, cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), adipokines, plasma lipoproteins, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in nondiabetic Caucasians (n = 851).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistin levels were higher, dose-dependently, with the -420G allele (CC 5.9 +/- 2.7 ng/ml, GC 6.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml and GG 7.2 +/- 4.8 ng/ml, trend P = 0.04) after age and gender adjustment [fold higher for GC + GG vs. CC; 1.07 (1.00-1.15), P < 0.05)]. The -852A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with higher soluble tumour necrosis factor-receptor 2 (sol-TNFR2) levels in fully adjusted models [1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11), P = 0.01)]. The estimated resistin haplotype (GGT) was associated with sol-TNFR2 (P = 0.04) and the AGT haplotype was related to CRP (P = 0.04) in the fully adjusted models. Resistin SNPs and haplotypes were not associated with body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, adipokines or CAC scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite modest associations with plasma resistin and inflammatory biomarkers, resistin 5' variants were not associated with metabolic parameters or coronary calcification. This suggests that resistin is an inflammatory cytokine in humans but has little influence on adiposity, metabolic syndrome or atherosclerosis.
authors: Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
authors: Atif N
authors: AN
authors: Qasim
authors: Thomas S
authors: TS
authors: Metkus
authors: Mahlet
authors: M
authors: Tadesse
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Lehrke
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Restine
authors: Megan L
authors: ML
authors: Wolfe
authors: Sridhar
authors: S
authors: Hannenhalli
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Cappola
authors: Daniel J
authors: DJ
authors: Rader
authors: Muredach P
authors: MP
authors: Reilly
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C499624:RETN protein, human; D052243:Resistin