title: Specific anion effects on enzymatic activity in nonaqueous media.
abstract: The present work shows that salt anions affect the activity of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase both in aqueous and in nonaqueous media (NAM) according to a Hofmeister series. The biocatalytic assay in water was the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate, whereas the esterification between 1-hexyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and palmitic acid was followed in an organic solvent. The solid lipase preparations to be used in NAM were obtained through lyophilization in the presence of concentrated solutions of Hofmeister salts (Na2SO4, NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, NaSCN). Salts affect enzyme activity in organic media through two mechanisms: (1) enzyme protection during lyophilization; (2) enzyme activation during the reaction. At least in our case, the latter seems to be more important than the former. The decrease of the activation energy caused by the stabilization of the transition state due to "kosmotropic" anions might be the driving force of enzyme activation. According to the most recent findings, dispersion forces may be responsible of specific anion enzyme activation/deactivation in NAM.
authors: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Cagliari-CSGI Cittadella Monserrato, S.S. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
authors: Dagmar
authors: D
authors: Bilanicová
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Salis
authors: Barry W
authors: BW
authors: Ninham
authors: Maura
authors: M
authors: Monduzzi
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016956:Burkholderia cepacia / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004951:Esterification; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D008049:Lipase; D005690:Galactose