Immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed. Diabetic patients manage their hyperglycemia by daily insulin injections. However, insulin therapy is by no means a cure. Accordingly, a significant effort has been ongoing to develop immunotherapies that effectively prevent and/or treat T1D in the clinic. This review focuses on antigen- and antibody-based immunotherapies and discusses the respective strengths and weaknesses of these approaches.
Li
Li
L
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
Yi
Zuoan
Z
Tisch
Roland
R
Wang
Bo
B
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines; D007328:Insulin