title: [Effects of mitoxantrone on the activity of human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Protein kinase CK2, a highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinase that is ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotes, has a close relationship with human leukemia. Mitoxantrone is an effective drug used for acute leukemias. This study was to observe the effects of mitoxantrone on the activity of recombinant holoenzyme of human protein kinase CK2 and proliferation in human leukemia cell line HL-60.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CK2 holoenzyme composed of alphao and beta subunits was recombined in vitro. Subsequently, CK2 was treated with mitoxantrone at various concentrations, followed by addition of reacting liquid containing [gamma-32P] ATP. CK2 activity was measured by detecting the radioactivity of 32P transferred onto the substrates of CK2. The effect of mitoxantrone on the proliferation of HL-60 cells was detected by the trypan blue dye exclusion assay; the changes in the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM); apoptosis was analyzed by FCM and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis; effects of the drugs on the intrinsic CK2 activity were measured by a specific CK2 peptide substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mitoxantrone strongly inhibited the holoenzyme activity of recombinant human protein kinase CK2 (IC50=0.66 micromol/L). The inhibition of CKZ by mitoxantrone was competitive with respect to ATP (Ki 0.25 micromol/L) and mostly non-competitive with respect to casein (Ki 0.66 micromol/L). Mitoxantrone exerted strong cytotoxicity to HL-60 cells. When treated with 0.1 micromol/L mitoxantrone for 12 h, the apoptotic rate of HL-60 cells was 9.3%. Mitoxantrone did not affect intracellular CK2 activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitoxantrone is a strong inhibitor of recombinant human protein kinase CK2 in vitro. Apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone in HL-60 cells has no correlation to intracellular CK2 activity.
authors: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
authors: Chun-Mei
authors: CM
authors: Li
authors: Xin-Guang
authors: XG
authors: Liu
authors: Xiao-Cong
authors: XC
authors: Lin
authors: Xiao-Wen
authors: XW
authors: Chen
authors: Nian-Ci
authors: NC
authors: Liang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D020035:Holoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020035:Holoenzymes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008942:Mitoxantrone; D047390:Casein Kinase II