title: [Evaluation of the triflumuron and the mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis plus Bacillus sphaericus for control of the immature stages of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in catch basins].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Cali, Colombia, catch basins (streetside storm drains) are one of the main larval habitats of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Since 1999, these mosquitoes have been controlled by the Secretaría de Salud Municipal (Secretary of Municipal Public Health) using the larvicide triflumuron. Because of high densities of these mosquitoes that remain in the city, treatment failure was suspected -possibly insecticide resistance of the target species.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of triflumuron and VectoMax (biorational mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis plus Bacillus sphaericus) were evaluated in the control of A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus in catch basins. The residual effect of a single application of the biorational formulation was determined in catch basins during periods of high and low rainfall.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of the products was measured in 60 catch basins located in a residential neighborhood of Cali for a period of 90 days. The mean number of immature instars (A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae and pupae of both species) was determined biweekly from 40 catch basins with insecticide intervention (20 treated with triflumuron, 20 with VectoMax) and 20 untreated (control group). The residual effect of the biorational larvicide was evaluated biweekly in 10 catch basins during each of the 2 climatic periods. Results. The catch basins treated with VectoMax presented a significantly lower mean number of immature instars of both species compared with the control ( p<0.01). In contrast, the triflumuron treatment significantly reduced only immature instars of A. aegypti compared with the control ( p<0.001). The residual effect of VectoMax was higher during low rainfall compared to the control ( p<0.001). Conclusion. The biorational formulation was the more effective treatment for the control of both species during the period of evaluation (15 days).
authors: Unidad de Entomología Médica, Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Médicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia.
authors: Gloria I
authors: GI
authors: Giraldo-Calderón
authors: Mauricio
authors: M
authors: Pérez
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Morales
authors: Clara B
authors: CB
authors: Ocampo
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001549:Benzamides; D003105:Colombia; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D014867:Water; C023957:triflumuron