In vivo aortic valve thermal heterogeneity in patients with nonrheumatic aortic valve stenosis the: first in vivo experience in humans.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated in vivo in aortic valve stenosis (AVS) whether there is: 1) thermal heterogeneity within the valve leaflets; 2) temperature difference between the leaflets and the ascending aortic wall; and 3) a possible correlation between heat production, inflammation, and neoangiogenesis.


BACKGROUND
Histological studies have demonstrated a potential role of inflammation and neoangiogenesis in AVS.


METHODS
We examined 96 leaflets scheduled for aortic valve replacement. Twenty-five patients had AVS, and 7 had aortic valve insufficiency (AVI). Temperature measurements were performed right before hypothermic cardioplegia. Temperature difference (DeltaT) was assigned as the mean temperature of each leaflet minus the temperature of the aortic wall. Histological, immunohistological analysis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoreactivity was performed.


RESULTS
Significant thermal heterogeneity was recorded within the leaflets of AVS, compared with AVI (1.52 +/- 1.35 degrees C vs. 0.13 +/- 0.11 degrees C, p < 0.01). In AVS DeltaT was greater in all leaflets compared with the AVI group (p < 0.01). Leaflets of AVS had increased inflammatory cell infiltration, calcium deposit, and anti-VEGF expression compared with AVI (p < 0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Thermal heterogeneity is increased in AVS and correlates with inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltration, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neoangiogenic factors.
Toutouzas
Konstantinos
K
First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece. ktoutouz@otenet.gr
Drakopoulou
Maria
M
Synetos
Andreas
A
Tsiamis
Eleftherios
E
Agrogiannis
George
G
Kavantzas
Nikolaos
N
Patsouris
Eustratios
E
Iliopoulos
Dimitris
D
Theodoropoulos
Stergios
S
Yacoub
Magdi
M
Stefanadis
Christodoulos
C
D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001831:Body Temperature; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D013817:Thermography
D016207:Cytokines