title: Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes.
abstract: Stroke has a greater effect on women than men because women have more events and are less likely to recover. Age-specific stroke rates are higher in men, but, because of their longer life expectancy and much higher incidence at older ages, women have more stroke events than men. With the exception of subarachnoid haemorrhage, there is little evidence of sex differences in stroke subtype or severity. Although several reports found that women are less likely to receive some in-hospital interventions, most differences disappear after age and comorbidities are accounted for. However, sex disparities persist in the use of thrombolytic treatment (with alteplase) and lipid testing. Functional outcomes and quality of life after stroke are consistently poorer in women, despite adjustment for baseline differences in age, prestroke function, and comorbidities. Here, we comprehensively review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes of stroke in women.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. reevesm@msu.edu
authors: Mathew J
authors: MJ
authors: Reeves
authors: Cheryl D
authors: CD
authors: Bushnell
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Howard
authors: Julia Warner
authors: JW
authors: Gargano
authors: Pamela W
authors: PW
authors: Duncan
authors: Gwen
authors: G
authors: Lynch
authors: Arya
authors: A
authors: Khatiwoda
authors: Lynda
authors: L
authors: Lisabeth
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*