title: Chitosan ascorbate: a chitosan salt with improved penetration enhancement properties.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to investigate if chitosan salification with ascorbic acid could produce an increase in chitosan penetration enhancement properties towards buccal mucosa and intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer. Three different chitosan grades were considered. Chitosan hydrochloride and lactate were used as references. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4), a hydrophilic high MW molecule, was employed as model penetrant. Chitosan ascorbate showed better penetration enhancement properties towards both buccal porcine mucosa and Caco-2 cell monolayer with respect to hydrochloride and lactate salts. Cytotoxicity of chitosan ascorbate assessed on Caco-2 cells was comparable with those of chitosan hydrochloride and lactate.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Rossi
authors: Marzia
authors: M
authors: Marciello
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Sandri
authors: Maria Cristina
authors: MC
authors: Bonferoni
authors: Franca
authors: F
authors: Ferrari
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: Caramella
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004548:Elasticity; D017097:Electric Impedance; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D003911:Dextrans; C015219:fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid