title: Unhealthy drinking patterns and receipt of preventive medical services by older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preventive service use among older adults is suboptimal. Unhealthy drinking may constitute a risk factor for failure to receive these services.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between unhealthy drinking and receipt of recommended preventive services among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, applying the framework of current alcohol consumption guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data source is the nationally representative 2003 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The sample included community-dwelling, fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older (N = 10,523). Based on self-reported drinking, respondents were categorized as nondrinkers, within-guidelines drinkers, exceeding monthly but not daily limits, or heavy episodic drinkers. Using survey and claims data, influenza vaccination, pneumonia vaccination, glaucoma screening, and mammogram receipt were determined. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 70.3% received flu vaccination and 49% received glaucoma screening during the year, 66.8% received pneumonia vaccination, and 56.2% of women received a mammogram over 2 years. In logistic regression, heavy episodic drinking was associated with lower likelihood of service receipt compared to drinking within guidelines: flu vaccination (OR 0.75, CI 0.59-0.96), glaucoma screening (OR 0.74, CI 0.58-0.95), and pneumonia vaccination (OR 0.75, CI 0.59-0.96). Nondrinkers when compared with those reporting drinking within guidelines were less likely to receive a mammogram (OR 0.83, CI 0.69-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavy episodic drinking is associated with lower likelihood of receiving several preventive services. Practitioners should be encouraged to screen all elders regarding alcohol intake and in addition to appropriate intervention, consider elders reporting heavy episodic drinking at higher risk for non-receipt of preventive services.
authors: Institute for Behavioral Health, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA merrick@brandeis.edu
authors: Elizabeth L
authors: EL
authors: Merrick
authors: Dominic
authors: D
authors: Hodgkin
authors: Deborah W
authors: DW
authors: Garnick
authors: Constance M
authors: CM
authors: Horgan
authors: Lee
authors: L
authors: Panas
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Ryan
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Saitz
authors: Frederic C
authors: FC
authors: Blow
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines