title: Assembly of the protoplasm of Codium fragile (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) into new protoplasts.
abstract: The cell organelles of the coenocytic alga Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot aggregated rapidly and protoplasts were formed when its protoplasm was extruded out in seawater. Continuous observation showed that there were long and gelatinous threads connecting the cell organelles. The threads contracted, and thus the cell organelles aggregated into protoplasmic masses. The enzyme digestion experiments and Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Anthrone stainings showed that the long and gelatinous threads involved in the formation of the protoplasts might include protein and saccharides as structure components. Nile Red staining indicated that the protoplast primary envelope was non-lipid at first, and then lipid materials integrated into its surface gradually. The fluorescent brightener staining indicated that the cell wall did not regenerate in the newly formed protoplasts and they all disintegrated within 72 h after formation. Transmission electron microscopy of the cell wall of wild C. fragile showed electron-dense material embedded in the whole cell wall at regular intervals. The experiments indicated that C. fragile would be a suitable model alga for studying the formation of protoplasts.
authors: Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors: Demao
authors: D
authors: Li
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Lü
authors: Guangce
authors: G
authors: Wang
authors: Baicheng
authors: B
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010078:Oxazines; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010078:Oxazines; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C044808:nile red