title: Methods for detection of GMOs in food and feed.
abstract: This paper reviews aspects relevant to detection and quantification of genetically modified (GM) material within the feed/food chain. The GM crop regulatory framework at the international level is evaluated with reference to traceability and labelling. Current analytical methods for the detection, identification, and quantification of transgenic DNA in food and feed are reviewed. These methods include quantitative real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and multiplex real-time PCR. Particular attention is paid to methods able to identify multiple GM events in a single reaction and to the development of microdevices and microsensors, though they have not been fully validated for application.
authors: Department of Environmental Sciences, Division of Genetics and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Parma, Viale G.P. Usberti 11A, 43100, Parma, Italy.
authors: Nelson
authors: N
authors: Marmiroli
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Maestri
authors: Mariolina
authors: M
authors: Gullì
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Malcevschi
authors: Clelia
authors: C
authors: Peano
authors: Roberta
authors: R
authors: Bordoni
authors: Gianluca
authors: G
authors: De Bellis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005504:Food Analysis; D020387:Food Chain; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D006801:Humans; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*