title: Modeling glucose and water dynamics in human skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose is heterogeneously distributed in the different physiological compartments in the human skin. Therefore, for the development of a noninvasive measurement method, both a good quantification of the different compartments of human skin and an understanding of glucose transport processes are important.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composition of human skin was quantified by histology research. Based on this information a mathematical model was developed to simulate glucose dynamics in human skin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model predicts dynamically glucose concentrations in the different layers of the skin as a result of changes in blood glucose concentration. The model was validated with published time course data of blood and interstitial fluid glucose during a clamp study with three different set points for blood glucose, and model outcomes were compared to measurements for the lag time and gradient. According to the model, glucose in the interstitial fluid of the dermis best matches the amplitude and dynamics of blood glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new data obtained from quantitative histology appeared crucial for the model. The proposed model was successfully validated. This result was obtained without tuning or fitting of any parameter. It was shown how the model can be used to set standards for measurements and to define the best measurement depth for noninvasive glucose monitoring.
authors: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. w.groenendaal@tue.nl
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Groenendaal
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Schmidt
authors: G
authors: G
authors: von Basum
authors: N A W
authors: NA
authors: van Riel
authors: P A J
authors: PA
authors: Hilbers
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D020405:Dermis / Q000737:chemistry; D004817:Epidermis / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D005947:Glucose