title: NF-kappaB activation in renal tubular epithelial cells by oxalate stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is involved in inflammatory and immune responses through the induction of various cytokines and growth factors. Recently, the coordinated action of NF-kappaB and activator protein-1 was reported in osteopontin (OPN) expression. In the present study, we demonstrated that oxalate induces OPN expression by activating NF-kappaB in renal tubular cells. Furthermore, we investigated the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on NF-kappaB activation in the human renal tubular cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the experiments were carried out using human kidney-2 cells, which are human proximal tubular epithelial cells immortalized by transduction with the human papillomavirus 16E6/E7 gene. The time-dependent extraction of total protein was performed after the uptake of 0.5 mM oxalate by the cells. The NF-kappaB activation and OPN expression were examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As a result of oxalate stimulation, the amount of p65 subunit in the nucleus increased significantly (P < 0.05), and NAC significantly inhibited the translocation of p65 into the nucleus (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations indicate that NAC can be used as a drug to prevent stone formation.
authors: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. toza@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors: Keiichi
authors: K
authors: Tozawa
authors: Takahiro
authors: T
authors: Yasui
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Okada
authors: Masahito
authors: M
authors: Hirose
authors: Shuzo
authors: S
authors: Hamamoto
authors: Yasunori
authors: Y
authors: Itoh
authors: Kenjiro
authors: K
authors: Kohri
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010070:Oxalates / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010070:Oxalates; D053495:Osteopontin; D000111:Acetylcysteine