title: Cardiovascular training effects in fighter pilots induced by occupational high G exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A fundamental difference in the cardiovascular response to acceleration between a group of fighter pilots (FP) and a group of non-pilots (NP) has been demonstrated previously. This study investigated the longitudinal effects of repetitive occupational +Gz exposure on the cardiovascular response to acceleration.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 6 FP and 6 NP subjects who underwent rapid +75 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) on two separate occasions. The FP group were tested after a non-flying period of 5 wk (Test 1), and tested again after a period of repetitive exposure to high +Gz missions (Test 2). The NP group did not fly at all between Test 1 and Test 2. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were all determined non-invasively. SV was determined using impedance cardiography and calculated via the Kubicek equation. For each variable, resting values and the response to tilt for both HUT tests within and between each group were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the FP group, resting MAP was higher (86 mmHg) in Test 2 compared with Test 1 (78 mmHg). Between groups, FP resting MAP was only different from the NP resting MAP in Test 2. The FP HR response to HUT increased significantly between the two tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a +Gz-induced cardiovascular training effect in the FP group. Repetitive exposure to +Gz results in an increased resting MAP and an elevated HR response to tilt, which may provide benefits to operational fighter pilots.
authors: Flight Medicine Systems Pty Ltd., Altona Meadows, Victoria, Australia. dgnewman@flightmed.com.au
authors: David G
authors: DG
authors: Newman
authors: Robin
authors: R
authors: Callister
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D006112:Gravitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D018667:Tilt-Table Test