title: Pre-Irradiation of blood by gallium aluminum arsenide (830 nm) low-level laser enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to relieve pain, free of side effects. However, the mechanisms underlying LLLT are not well understood. Recent studies have also demonstrated that opioid-containing immune cells migrate to inflamed sites and release beta-endorphins to inhibit pain as a mode of peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia. We investigated whether pre-irradiation of blood by LLLT enhances peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of LLLT pretreatment of blood on peripheral endogenous opioid analgesia was evaluated in a rat model of inflammation. Additionally, the effect of LLLT on opioid production was also investigated in vitro in rat blood cells. The expression of the beta-endorphin precursors, proopiomelanocortin and corticotrophin releasing factor, were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LLLT pretreatment produced an analgesic effect in inflamed peripheral tissue, which was transiently antagonized by naloxone. Correspondingly, beta-endorphin precursor mRNA expression increased with LLLT, both in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that that LLLT pretreatment of blood induces analgesia in rats by enhancing peripheral endogenous opioid production, in addition to previously reported mechanisms.
authors: Department of Brain and Nerve Science, Anesthesiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka-Hasamamachi-Yufu City-Oita 879-5593, Japan. saku@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Hagiwara
authors: Hideo
authors: H
authors: Iwasaka
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Hasegawa
authors: Takayuki
authors: T
authors: Noguchi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005708:Gallium / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D001152:Arsenicals; C043055:gallium arsenide; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum