title: Targeting the stromal androgen receptor in primary prostate tumors at earlier stages.
abstract: To differentiate roles of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate stromal and epithelial cells, we have generated inducible-(ind)ARKO-TRAMP and prostate epithelial-specific ARKO TRAMP (pes-ARKO-TRAMP) mouse models, in which the AR was knocked down in both prostate epithelium and stroma or was knocked out in the prostate epithelium, respectively. We found that loss of AR in both mouse models resulted in poorly differentiated primary tumors with expanded intermediate cell populations. Interestingly, knockdown of both epithelial and stromal AR in ind-ARKO-TRAMP mice at earlier stages resulted in smaller primary prostate tumors with lower proliferation rates, and knockout of AR in pes-ARKO-TRAMP mice resulted in larger primary prostate tumors with higher proliferation rates. The differential proliferation rates, yet with similarly expanded intermediate cell populations, indicated that the prostate stromal AR might play a more dominant role than the epithelial AR to promote primary tumor proliferation at an early stage of tumor. Tissue recombination of human prostate stromal cell lines (WPMY1-v or WPMY1-ARsi) with human prostate cancer epithelial cell lines (PC3-v or PC3-AR9) further demonstrated that the AR might function as a suppressor in epithelial cells and a proliferator in stromal cells in the primary prostate tumors. The dual roles of the AR in prostate epithelium and stroma may require us to reevaluate the target and timing of androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients and may suggest a need to develop new drugs to selectively target stromal AR in the primary prostate tumors at earlier stages.
authors: George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
authors: Yuanjie
authors: Y
authors: Niu
authors: Saleh
authors: S
authors: Altuwaijri
authors: Shuyuan
authors: S
authors: Yeh
authors: Kuo-Pao
authors: KP
authors: Lai
authors: Shengqiang
authors: S
authors: Yu
authors: Kuang-Hsiang
authors: KH
authors: Chuang
authors: Shu-Pin
authors: SP
authors: Huang
authors: Henry
authors: H
authors: Lardy
authors: Chawnshang
authors: C
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen