title: Elevated free IGF2 levels in localized, early-stage breast cancer in women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Epidemiological studies imply an association between circulating IGF1 and breast cancer, whereas the role of IGF2, which also acts on the IGF1 receptor, is less settled. This study investigates the association between IGF2 and breast cancer in patients with localized disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were women with well-characterized, early stage, localized breast cancer (n=43) and matched healthy women (n=38), from whom fasting serum levels of IGF-related peptides were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients, mean free IGF2 was increased (+57%, P<0.001), in spite of reduced total IGF2 levels (-12%, P=0.003) when compared with controls. Similar changes were seen in free IGF1 (+28%, P=0.004) and total IGF1 (-16% P=NS). Pro-IGF2 and IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) were unchanged. IGFBP2 was reduced by 22% in the patients (P=0.004). The patients showed reduced IGFBP3 protease activity and accordingly increased levels of intact IGFBP3, whereas total IGFBP3 was unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with localized, early-stage breast cancer show elevated circulating free IGF1 and IGF2, reduced total IGF2 and alterations in IGFBPs. The changes observed despite minimal cancer disease suggest a role for the circulating IGF system in the progression of breast cancer in women.
authors: Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute and Medical Department M (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors: Ulrick
authors: U
authors: Espelund
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Cold
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Frystyk
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Ørskov
authors: Allan
authors: A
authors: Flyvbjerg
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 / Q000097:blood; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: C035170:IGF2 protein, human; C032231:IGFBP1 protein, human; C515497:IGFBP3 protein, human; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018971:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II