title: WAVE1 is associated with invasiveness and growth of prostate cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  WAVE1 belongs to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family of proteins, which have an integral part in cell motility, a crucial step in cancer metastasis. We investigated the expression pattern and the effects of manipulating endogenous WAVE1 expression in prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  WAVE1 protein expression in normal and cancer specimens, and in prostate cell lines was assessed using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Hammerhead ribozyme transgenes were synthesized and cloned into the mammalian expression vector pEF6/V5-His TOPO TA, and transfected by electroporation into PC-3(DeltaW1R1/2) and DU-145(DeltaW1R1/2) cell lines. In vitro invasion, adhesion and growth assays were used to assess the impact of WAVE1 knockdown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry of prostate tissue specimens showed that the cytoplasm of cancer cells had stronger staining than normal epithelium. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for WAVE1 showed strong expression in the PC-3 (European Collection of Cell Cultures, Salisbury, United Kingdom) and DU-145 (ATCC(R)) cell lines. WAVE1 knockdown was associated with a significant decrease in invasion but not in adhesion. The mean +/- SEM number of invading PC-3(DeltaW1R1) and PC-3(DeltaW1R2) cells was 7.27 +/- 0.38 and 6 +/- 0.29, respectively, compared to 12.27 +/- 0.42 PC-3(WT) cells (p <0.001). Similarly the mean number of invading DU-145(DeltaW1R1) and DU-145(DeltaW1R2) cells was 9.20 +/- 0.70 and 11.60 +/- 0.84 compared to 14.80 +/- 0.24 DU-145(WT) cells (p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is the first report of the expression pattern of WAVE1 in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues, and the functional impact of WAVE1 knockdown. Further investigations to assess WAVE1 as a potential target for anti-metastasis therapy must be explored.
authors: Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, University Department of Surgery, Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
authors: Herman S
authors: HS
authors: Fernando
authors: Andrew J
authors: AJ
authors: Sanders
authors: Howard G
authors: HG
authors: Kynaston
authors: Wen G
authors: WG
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016337:RNA, Catalytic / Q000494:pharmacology; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000235:genetics; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016337:RNA, Catalytic; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family; C427204:hammerhead ribozyme