title: Anticancer steroid sulfatase inhibitors: synthesis of a potent fluorinated second-generation agent, in vitro and in vivo activities, molecular modeling, and protein crystallography.
abstract: An improved steroid sulfatase inhibitor was prepared by replacing the N-propyl group of the second-generation steroid-like inhibitor (2) with a N-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group to give (10). This compound is 5-fold more potent in vitro, completely inhibits rat liver steroid sulfatase activity after a single oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg, and exhibits a significantly longer duration of inhibition over (2). These biological properties are attributed to the increased lipophilicity and metabolic stability of (10) rendered by its trifluoropropyl group and also the potential H-bonding between its fluorine atom(s) and Arg(98) in the active site of human steroid sulfatase. Like other sulfamates, (10) is expected to be sequestered, and transported by, erythrocytes in vivo because it inhibits human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) potently (IC(50), 3 nmol/L). A congener (4), which possesses a N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) substituent, is even more active (IC(50), 0.1 nmol/L). To rationalize this, the hCAII-(4) adduct, obtained by cocrystallization, reveals not only the sulfamate group and the backbone of (4) interacting with the catalytic site and the associated hydrophobic pocket, respectively, but also the potential H-bonding between the N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) group and Nepsilon(2) of Gln(136). Like (2), both (10) and its phenolic precursor (9) are non-estrogenic using a uterine weight gain assay. In summary, a highly potent, long-acting, and nonestrogenic steroid sulfatase inhibitor was designed with hCAII inhibitory properties that should positively influence in vivo behavior. Compound (10) and other related inhibitors of this structural class further expand the armory of steroid sulfatase inhibitors against hormone-dependent breast cancer.
authors: Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom.
authors: L W Lawrence
authors: LW
authors: Woo
authors: Delphine S
authors: DS
authors: Fischer
authors: Christopher M
authors: CM
authors: Sharland
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Trusselle
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Foster
authors: Surinder K
authors: SK
authors: Chander
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Di Fiore
authors: Claudiu T
authors: CT
authors: Supuran
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: De Simone
authors: Atul
authors: A
authors: Purohit
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Reed
authors: Barry V L
authors: BV
authors: Potter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005461:Fluorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D043266:Steryl-Sulfatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005461:Fluorine; D043266:Steryl-Sulfatase