title: Global and temporal cortical folding in patients with early-onset schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult-onset schizophrenia has repeatedly been associated with disturbances in the temporal lobes and alterations in cortical folding, which are thought to reflect neurodevelopmental impairment. Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS; onset before 18 years) is considered to involve even more pronounced neurodevelopmental deviance across a wide range of brain structural measures. We hypothesized that overall alteration of cortical folding also applies to EOS, and EOS involves prominent structural aberrations in superior temporal and collateral sulci.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance T1 images of 51 patients with EOS and 59 healthy participants were investigated. A fully automated method was applied to the images to extract, label, and measure the sulcus area in the whole cortex. Cortical folding was assessed by computing global sulcal indices (the ratio between total sulcal area and total outer cortex area) for each hemisphere and local sulcal indices (the ratio between the area of labeled sulcus and total outer cortex area in the corresponding hemisphere) for superior temporal and collateral sulci.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to healthy individuals, patients with EOS had significantly lower global sulcal indices in both hemispheres and a lower local sulcal index in the left collateral sulcus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced hemispheric sulcation appears to be a feature of schizophrenia, irrespective of age at onset. Structural aberration involving the left collateral sulcus may contribute to neurobiological substrate of EOS.
authors: Research Unit Neuroimaging & Psychiatry U797, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, IFR49, Orsay, France.
authors: Jani
authors: J
authors: Penttilä
authors: Marie-Laure
authors: ML
authors: Paillére-Martinot
authors: Jean-Luc
authors: JL
authors: Martinot
authors: Jean-François
authors: JF
authors: Mangin
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Burke
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Corrigall
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Frangou
authors: Arnaud
authors: A
authors: Cachia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D054082:Lissencephaly / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents