title: Prognostic relevance of lymph node ratio and number of resected nodes after curative resection of ampulla of Vater carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nodal metastasis is considered a major prognostic factor in patients with ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AVC). No study has investigated the significance of the ratio between metastatic and resected/examined lymph nodes (LNR) in patients with AVC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, operative, and pathology data, including number of resected/evaluated nodes and LNR, were collected from patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with radical intent for invasive AVC from 1990 to 2005. Survival rates and recurrence patterns were evaluated and predictors were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 90 evaluable patients (51 males, 39 females, median age 62.5 years), 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 61%. The median number of resected/evaluated nodes was 16 (range: 5-47); 50% of the patients had nodal metastases. The 5-year DSS according to LNR was 75%, 49%, 38%, and 0% for LNR = 0, LNR >0 and < or =0.2, LNR >0.2, and < or =0.4, and LNR >0.4 (P = 0.002), respectively. The 5-year DSS was 81% in patients with >16 resected/evaluated nodes compared with 45% in those with < or =16 resected/evaluated nodes (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis LNR and a number of resected/evaluated nodes >16 were significant predictors of survival; a number of resected/evaluated nodes >16 was also the only independent predictor of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After curative resection for AVC, LNR and a cutoff of 16 resected/evaluated nodes are powerful prognostic factors. LNR might represent a major parameter for patient stratification in adjuvant treatment trials.
authors: Chirurgia Generale B (Pancreas Unit), Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale LA Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy. massimo.falconi@univr.it
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Falconi
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Crippa
authors: Ismael
authors: I
authors: Domínguez
authors: Giuliano
authors: G
authors: Barugola
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Capelli
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Marcucci
authors: Stefania
authors: S
authors: Beghelli
authors: Aldo
authors: A
authors: Scarpa
authors: Claudio
authors: C
authors: Bassi
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Pederzoli
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate