title: The metabolic syndrome and mortality in an ethnically diverse heart failure population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the general population, 27% of adults have the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is associated with increased mortality. Similar data are not available for a heart failure (HF) population. This study sought to determine the prevalence of the MetS and its effect on mortality in a HF population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (n = 886) discharged from the hospital with a primary diagnosis of HF were retrospectively identified. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted by chart review. The MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel criteria with a body mass index >or=30 kg/m(2) substituted for increased waist circumference. Mortality data were acquired by query of the National Death Index, with a median follow-up of 856 days. Data were available to evaluate for the presence or absence of MetS in 71% (n = 625). The prevalence of MetS in this cohort was 68%. MetS was most common in Hispanics (79%) compared with whites (70%) and blacks (61%, P = .003). Mortality was lower in those with MetS (44%) compared with those without (58%, unadjusted HR 0.67 [95% CI, 0.53-0.85]). In a fully adjusted model, there was still a significantly lower risk of mortality in those with MetS (adjusted HR 0.73 [95% CI, 0.56-0.94]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a cohort hospitalized with HF, the prevalence of MetS exceeds that of the general population, and unlike the general population, MetS is associated with a lower mortality.
authors: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors: Saamir A
authors: SA
authors: Hassan
authors: Anita
authors: A
authors: Deswal
authors: Biykem
authors: B
authors: Bozkurt
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Aguilar
authors: Douglas L
authors: DL
authors: Mann
authors: Allison M
authors: AM
authors: Pritchett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data