title: Calcitriol blunts pro-atherosclerotic parameters through NFkappaB and p38 in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbances in vitamin D(3) metabolism are associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D3, on pro-atherosclerotic parameters in human umbilical vein cord endothelial cells (HUVEC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Calcitriol at 10(-10) and/or 10(-9) mol L(-1) was given to cultured HUVEC which were either non-stimulated or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated. Inter cellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, were determined by flow cytometry analysis. The receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expressions by RT-PCR and IL-6 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear p65 DNA-binding activity was measured by transcription factor assay kit and the inhibitor-kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha), phosphorylated-IkappaBalpha (P-IkappaBalpha) and phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein levels were determined by Western blot. Results Calcitriol decreased the adhesion molecules expression, as well as the LPS-induced mRNA expressions of RAGE and IL-6 and LPS induced IL-6 secretion. Furthermore, the LPS induced nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-p65 DNA-binding activity was also decreased by calcitriol. IkappaBalpha levels were increased and p-IkappaBalpha levels decreased after calcitriol treatment. The increased levels of activated p38 MAPK after LPS treatment were also decreased due to pre-incubation with calcitriol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased NFkappaB and p38 activities followed by calcitriol treatment may explain the anti-inflammatory/atherosclerotic properties of calcitriol that were observed previously and were emphasized in this study, demonstrating the inhibitory effect of calcitriol on the pro-inflammatory parameters: adhesion molecules, RAGE and IL-6.
authors: Renal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Centre, Kfar-Saba, Israel.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Talmor
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Bernheim
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Klein
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Green
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rashid
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002120:Calcium Channel Agonists; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D012313:RNA; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002117:Calcitriol