title: Monozygotic female twins discordant for Silver-Russell syndrome and hypomethylation of the H19-DMR.
abstract: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by growth failure and dysmorphic features, and is frequently caused by hypomethylation of the paternally derived H19-DMR (epimutation). We observed 5 8/12-year-old female twins discordant for SRS. One twin exhibited SRS-compatible features, such as pre- and postnatal growth failure, relative macrocephaly, triangular face, left hemihypotrophy, and bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly, whereas the other twin showed apparently normal phenotype. Microsatellite analysis for 26 loci on multiple chromosomes showed monozygosity. Methylation analysis for the H19-DMR indicated epimutation in roughly half of cells in the affected twin and normal patterns in the unaffected twin and the parents. X-inactivation analysis revealed random X-inactivation with a nearly identical pattern between the twins. The discordant methylation pattern of the H19-DMR may primarily be due to a failure to maintain the DNA methyltransferase-1-dependent methylation imprint around the pre-implantation S phase, because such failure would result in the production of two different cell clones, one with normally methylated DMR and the other with demethylated DMR, leading to the separation of cells with different characters and resultant twinning.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. kyamazawa@nch.go.jp.|Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. kyamazawa@nch.go.jp.
authors: Kazuki
authors: K
authors: Yamazawa
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors: Masayo
authors: M
authors: Kagami
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors: Maki
authors: M
authors: Fukami
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Matsubara
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
authors: Tsutomu
authors: T
authors: Ogata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C094335:H19 long non-coding RNA; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated