title: [Adult cardiopulmonary bypass in the twentieth century: science, art or empiricism?].
abstract: The aim of the present review is to highlight some less discussed aspects of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), taking into consideration the physiology, physiopathology, and some new technologies of perfusion. Thus, some points, to a certain extent philosophical, have motivated this revision: a) To preserve and update the surgeon knowledge regarding CPB, even to keep his/her pedagogical leadership on his/her surgical team; b) To question if elderly and diabetic patients, as a result of their individual characteristics deserve more appropriate protocols similar to those adopted for children; c) One third aspect would be the questioning of the systemic inflammatory reaction caused by the blood exposure to CPB non-endothelized circuit surface, in face of the increasing importance of blood contact with the surgical wound; d) In relation to the treatment of the vasoplegic syndrome, methylene blue continues being the best therapeutical option, even so, many times are not efficient on account of a highly probable existence of a "therapeutical window" based on the guanylate cyclase dynamics of action (saturation and synthesis "de novo") and; finally, e) The reason of the title, highlighting that based on its current patterns, would the CPB be an outcome of empiricism, art, or science? The bottom line of this article carries the certainty of that as much as the empiricism, art, and science are highly related to CPB.
authors: Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors: André Lupp
authors: AL
authors: Mota
authors: Alfredo José
authors: AJ
authors: Rodrigues
authors: Paulo Roberto Barbosa
authors: PR
authors: Evora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D019348:Empiricism; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue