title: Clinical outcomes with bioactive agents alone or in combination with grafting or guided tissue regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present review was to determine the clinical effect of the use of bioactive agents (BAs) for the treatment of intra-osseous and furcation defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effectiveness of the BAs was evaluated when used in addition to open flap debridement either alone or in association with grafts and/or guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Among the included agents, recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), commercially available enamel matrix derivative (cEMD) and peptide P-15 (P-15) have been clinically tested for treating periodontal defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present review indicate that: (1) cEMD either alone or in combination with grafts can be effectively used to treat intra-osseous defects and the clinical results appear to be stable long term; (2) the additional use of a graft seems to enhance the clinical outcome of cEMD; (3) the combined use of rhPDGF-BB and P-15 with a graft biomaterial has shown beneficial effects in intra-osseous defects; (4) contrasting results were reported for PRP and graft combinations; and (5) limited evidence supports the use of BAs either alone or in association with graft/GTR for the treatment of furcation defects.
authors: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. leonardo.trombelli@unife.it
authors: Leonardo
authors: L
authors: Trombelli
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Farina
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017823:Furcation Defects / Q000601:surgery; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001685:Biological Factors; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C407062:cell-binding peptide P-15; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D000077214:Becaplermin; D003094:Collagen