title: Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position: a new standard for percutaneous nephrolithotomy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the gold standard for the management of large and/or complex urolithiasis, is conventionally performed with the patient in the prone position, which has several drawbacks. Of the various changes in patient positioning proposed over the years, the Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia (GMSV) position seems the most beneficial. It allows simultaneous performance of PCNL and retrograde ureteroscopy (ECIRS, Endoscopic Combined Intra-Renal Surgery) and has unquestionable anaesthesiological advantages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively analyse the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) in GMSV position for the treatment of large and/or complex urolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2004 to December 2007, 127 consecutive patients who were followed in our department for large and/or complex urolithiasis were selected for surgery (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] score 1-3, no active urinary tract infection [UTI], any body mass index [BMI]).
  
  
  METHODS
  All the patients underwent ECIRS in GMSV position. Technical choices about percutaneous access, endoscopic instruments and accessories, and postoperative renal and ureteral drainage are detailed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' mean age plus or minus standard deviation (+/- SD) was 53.1 yr+/-14.2. Of the 127 patients, 5.5% had congenital renal abnormalities, 3.9% had solitary kidneys, and 60.6% were symptomatic for renal colics, haematuria, and recurrent UTI. Mean stone size+/-SD was 23.8mm+/-7.3 (range: 11-40); 33.8% of the calculi were calyceal, 33.1% were pelvic, 33.1% were multiple or staghorn, and 4.7% were also ureteral.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean operative time+/-SD was 70min+/-28, including patient positioning. Stone-free rate was 81.9% after the first treatment and was 87.4% after a second early treatment using the same percutaneous access during the same hospital stay (mean+/-SD: 5.1 d+/-2.9). We registered overall complications at 38.6% with no splanchnic injuries or deaths and no perioperative anaesthesiological problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECIRS performed in GMSV position seems to be a safe, effective, and versatile procedure with a high one-step stone-free rate, unquestionable anaesthesiological advantages, and no additional procedure-related complications.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Italy. scoof@libero.it
authors: Cesare M
authors: CM
authors: Scoffone
authors: Cecilia M
authors: CM
authors: Cracco
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Cossu
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Grande
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Poggio
authors: Roberto M
authors: RM
authors: Scarpa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016683:Supine Position; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D055815:Young Adult