title: Piracetam in severe breath holding spells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breath holding spells (BHS) are apparently frightening events occurring in otherwise healthy children. Generally, no medical treatment is recommended and parental reassurance is believed to be enough, however, severe BHS can be very stressful for the parents and a pharmacological agent may be desired in some of these children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this prospective study aim was to determine the usefulness of piracetam as prophylactic treatment for severe BHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were recruited from Neurology Clinic in Children's Hospital, Islamabad between January 2002 to December 2004. Diagnosis of BHS was based on characteristic history and normal physical examination. Piracetam was prescribed to those children who were diagnosed as severe BHS in a dose ranging from 50-100 mg/kg/day. Iron supplements were added if hemoglobin was less than 10 gm%. Patients were seen at 2-4 weeks interval and follow-up was continued until 3 months after the cessation of drug therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two children were enrolled in the study, 34 boys and 18 girls. Ages ranged from 4 weeks to 5 years with mean age of 17 months. In 81% of children, spells disappeared completely and in 9% frequency was reduced to less than one per month and of much lesser intensity. Prophylaxis was given for 3-6 months (mean 5) duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Piracetam is an effective prophylactic treatment for severe BHS.
authors: The Children's Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. morriston85@hotmail.com
authors: Matloob
authors: M
authors: Azam
authors: Nasera
authors: N
authors: Bhatti
authors: Naheed
authors: N
authors: Shahab
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001049:Apnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003448:Crying; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010154:Pakistan; D010889:Piracetam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D058085:Iron Compounds; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010889:Piracetam