Will all Americans become overweight or obese? estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic.
We projected future prevalence and BMI distribution based on national survey data (National Health and Nutrition Examination Study) collected between 1970s and 2004. Future obesity-related health-care costs for adults were estimated using projected prevalence, Census population projections, and published national estimates of per capita excess health-care costs of obesity/overweight. The objective was to illustrate potential burden of obesity prevalence and health-care costs of obesity and overweight in the United States that would occur if current trends continue. Overweight and obesity prevalence have increased steadily among all US population groups, but with notable differences between groups in annual increase rates. The increase (percentage points) in obesity and overweight in adults was faster than in children (0.77 vs. 0.46-0.49), and in women than in men (0.91 vs. 0.65). If these trends continue, by 2030, 86.3% adults will be overweight or obese; and 51.1%, obese. Black women (96.9%) and Mexican-American men (91.1%) would be the most affected. By 2048, all American adults would become overweight or obese, while black women will reach that state by 2034. In children, the prevalence of overweight (BMI >/= 95th percentile, 30%) will nearly double by 2030. Total health-care costs attributable to obesity/overweight would double every decade to 860.7-956.9 billion US dollars by 2030, accounting for 16-18% of total US health-care costs. We continue to move away from the Healthy People 2010 objectives. Timely, dramatic, and effective development and implementation of corrective programs/policies are needed to avoid the otherwise inevitable health and societal consequences implied by our projections .
Wang
Youfa
Y
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. ywang@jsph.edu
Beydoun
May A
MA
Liang
Lan
L
Caballero
Benjamin
B
Kumanyika
Shiriki K
SK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006291:Health Policy; D006306:Health Surveys; D040361:Healthy People Programs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data