title: Missing pelvic inflammatory disease? Substantial differences in the rate at which doctors diagnose PID.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is subjective. Our aim was to determine if the pattern of diagnosis of PID among experienced clinicians varied compared with the diagnosis of genital warts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of 325 PID diagnoses made by experienced clinicians at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia (2002-2006), where doctors saw 21 785 unselected female patients in a walk-in service. We compared the proportion of female patients diagnosed as having PID and genital warts between doctors and then compared doctors above (high diagnosing) and below (low diagnosing) the mean rate of PID diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant and clinically important differences in the proportion of women diagnosed with having PID (0-5.7%) across 23 doctors investigated. Estimated standard deviation in the frequency of PID diagnosis (logit scale) was 1.26 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.95)--approximately four times greater than for warts. Patients seen by high (n = 4673) and low (n = 16 787) diagnosing doctors had similar epidemiological risk profiles suggesting true distribution of PID cases across doctors was similar (p>0.13). Women diagnosed with having PID by high diagnosing doctors compared with low diagnosing doctors were younger (odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8, p = 0.013) but otherwise had similar epidemiological and clinical features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in diagnostic rates for PID between doctors are substantial and may be because of PID cases being missed by some doctors.
authors: Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Doxanakis
authors: R D
authors: RD
authors: Hayes
authors: M Y
authors: MY
authors: Chen
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Gurrin
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Hocking
authors: C S
authors: CS
authors: Bradshaw
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Williams
authors: C K
authors: CK
authors: Fairley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology