title: Decreased expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2A, the binding site for levetiracetam, during epileptogenesis and chronic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously showed that gene expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam, is reduced during epileptogenesis in the rat. Since absence of SV2A has been associated with increased epileptogenicity, changes in expression of SV2A could have consequences for the progression of epilepsy. Therefore we investigated hippocampal SV2A protein expression of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and in rats during epileptogenesis and in the chronic epileptic phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  SV2A immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed on the hippocampus of autopsy controls, patients that died from status epilepticus (SE), and pharmacoresistant TLE patients. In addition, in epileptic rats, SV2A expression was determined after SE during the acute, latent, and chronic epileptic phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control tissue, presynaptic SV2A was expressed in all hippocampal subfields, with strongest expression in mossy fiber terminals. SV2A positive puncta were distributed in a patchy pattern over the somata and dendrites of neurons. SV2A decreased throughout the hippocampus of TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), compared to autopsy control, SE, and non-HS tissue. In most rats, SV2A was already decreased in the latent period especially in the inner molecular layer and stratum lucidum. Similarly as in humans, SV2A was also decreased throughout the hippocampus of chronic epileptic rats, specifically in rats with a progressive form of epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support previous findings that reduced expression of SV2A could contribute to the increased epileptogenicity. Whether this affects the effectiveness of levetiracetam needs to be further investigated.
authors: Epilepsy Institute in The Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands.
authors: Erwin A
authors: EA
authors: van Vliet
authors: Eleonora
authors: E
authors: Aronica
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Redeker
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Boer
authors: Jan A
authors: JA
authors: Gorter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002648:Child; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D012598:Sclerosis; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C489618:Sv2a protein, rat; C076414:SV2A protein, human; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam