title: Hospital mortality among adults admitted to and discharged from intensive care on weekends and evenings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient care may be inconsistent during off hours. We sought to determine whether adults admitted to or discharged from intensive care units (ICUs) on evenings and weekends have increased mortality rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adults admitted to ICUs in the Calgary Health Region, Alberta, Canada, during 2000 to 2006 were included. The in-hospital mortality risk was assessed with admissions or discharges on weekdays (Monday to Friday) and daytime (8:00 am to 5:59 pm) as compared with weekends (Saturday and Sunday) and nights (6:00 pm to 7:59 am).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intensive care unit admissions (n = 20466) occurred during weekends in 18%, nights in 41%, and nights and/or weekends in 49%. Among the 17864 survivors to ICU discharge, 26% were discharged on weekends, 21% at night, and 41% on nights and/or weekends. Increased crude mortality rates were associated with both admission (24% vs 14%, P < .0001) and discharge (12% vs 5%, P < .0001) during nights as compared with days. Admission to (26% vs 16%, P < .0001) but not discharge from (6% vs 7%, P = .42) ICU during weekends as compared with weekdays was associated with increased mortality. After controlling for confounding variables using logistic regression analyses, neither weekend admission nor discharge was associated with death. However, both night admission and discharge were independently associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations of excess risk associated with admission to or discharge from ICU at night merits further exploration as to whether it may reflect inconsistencies in care after hours.
authors: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Calgary Health Region, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Kevin B
authors: KB
authors: Laupland
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Shahpori
authors: Andrew W
authors: AW
authors: Kirkpatrick
authors: H Thomas
authors: HT
authors: Stelfox
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D039602:After-Hours Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009551:Night Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors