title: Interexaminer agreement of Friedman tongue positions for staging of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if strong interexaminer agreement exists in identifying Friedman tongue positions (FTPs) for staging of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six digital video clips of oropharyngeal examinations were prepared to demonstrate FTPs I through IV. Specific parameters for each FTP were provided to 126 examiners (otolaryngology residents, attendings, and fellows). The video clips were then presented to the examiners to determine the FTP. Kappa statistical analysis was used to evaluate the degree of intergrader agreement or disagreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A generalized kappa statistic of 0.8 is considered the upper limits of substantial agreement. Thus, the overall kappa value (0.82) as well as all the subgroup kappa values for attendings (0.84), fellows (0.87), and residents (0.84) represented "very good" agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strong interexaminer correlation of FTP demonstrated by this study indicates that FTP may be a useful adjunct in describing hypopharyngeal anatomy in patients with OSAHS.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. headnnek@aol.com
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Friedman
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Soans
authors: Berk
authors: B
authors: Gurpinar
authors: Hsin-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Lin
authors: Ninos J
authors: NJ
authors: Joseph
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D021362:Palate, Hard / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D014609:Uvula / Q000033:anatomy & histology