title: Risk analysis of deep sternal wound infections and their impact on long-term survival: a propensity analysis.
abstract: The objectives of this study are to determine risk factors associated with deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs) following cardiac surgery, and to describe their impact on long-term survival. Data was obtained from a departmental database. Analysis included 7,978 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 1997 and 2003. To identify risk factors for DSWI, regression analysis was performed. The probability scores obtained from logistic regression were used for propensity analysis of 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were then used in survival analysis. DSWI developed in 123 of 7,978 patients (1.5%). Preoperative predictors of DSWI were body mass index >30 kg/m(2) (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.4; P < 0.05), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.4; P < 0.001), urgent operation (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.6; P < 0.05), smoking history within past year (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.9; P < 0.001), smoking history within past 2 weeks (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5 to 4.5; P < 0.001), and a history of stroke (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1; P < 0.005). In addition, total length of hospital stay (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.02; P < 0.05) and sepsis and/or endocarditis following surgery (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.9 to 9.0; P < 0.001) were also predictive of DSWI. Patients with DSWI had a prolonged total length of hospital stay (40.3 days versus 16.1 days; P < 0.001), and higher 30-day mortality (1.6% versus 7.3% in DSWI group, P < 0.05). There were no differences between groups in 4-year and 8-year survival rates, with 77.2% and 61.8%, respectively, in patients with DSWI compared with 78.0% and 67.5% in patients without DSWI (P = 0.16). After adjustments for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors, the adjusted hazard ratio of long-term mortality for patients with DSWI was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2, P = 0.39). Though DSWIs are associated with increased early mortality, patients undergoing cardiac surgery complicated by DSWI do not experience worse long-term survival.
authors: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors: Cenk
authors: C
authors: Cayci
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Russo
authors: Faisal H
authors: FH
authors: Cheema
authors: Faisal
authors: F
authors: Cheema
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Martens
authors: Vefa
authors: V
authors: Ozcan
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Argenziano
authors: Mehmet C
authors: MC
authors: Oz
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Ascherman
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010000:Osteitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016019:Survival Analysis