title: Fractionated 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy vs. surgical excision in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: results of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin cancer incidence rates have been increasing for decades and this increase is expected to continue. Surgical excision (SE) is the treatment of first choice for nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven to be an effective treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma. Its long-term efficacy in nBCC has not yet been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Prospectively compare the efficacy of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT and SE in terms of failure rates with long-term follow-up. Determinants of failure in the study population, such as the effect of tumour depth, were analysed retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial in 173 primary nBCCs in 149 patients. Primary nBCCs were randomly assigned either to PDT (n = 85) or to SE (n = 88). Tumours treated with PDT were illuminated twice on the same day, 4 h after application of ALA cream, 3 weeks after debulking. SE was performed under local anaesthesia with a 3-mm margin, followed by histological examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 171 primary nBCCs in 149 patients were treated. A 3-year interim analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of failure was 2.3% for SE and 30.3% for PDT (P < 0.001). Tumour depth and other analysed determinants of failure were not significantly related to treatment failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SE proved to be significantly more effective than treatment with fractionated illumination ALA-PDT. Therefore, in the treatment of primary nBCC, SE is preferred over PDT following this treatment regimen.
authors: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Maastricht, PO BOX 5800, 6202 AZ Masstricht, The Netherlands. k.mosterd@mumc.nl
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mosterd
authors: M R T M
authors: MR
authors: Thissen
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Nelemans
authors: N W J
authors: NW
authors: Kelleners-Smeets
authors: R L L T
authors: RL
authors: Janssen
authors: K G M E
authors: KG
authors: Broekhof
authors: H A M
authors: HA
authors: Neumann
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Steijlen
authors: D I M
authors: DI
authors: Kuijpers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid