title: Patterns and prognostic implications of low high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The patterns and prognostic significance of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels have not been well characterized. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of low HDL cholesterol levels in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated HDL levels among NSTE ACS patients [ischaemic ECG (electrocardiogram) changes and/or positive cardiac markers] from the CRUSADE [Can Rapid Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC(American College of Cardiology)/AHA(American Heart Association) Guidelines] initiative treated at 555 US hospitals from January 2001 through June 2006. Clinical and angiographic characteristics, treatments, and in-hospital outcomes were analysed by categories of HDL levels measured during hospitalization. Among 93 263 NSTE ACS patients with HDL measurements, 16 854 (18.1%) had very low HDL levels (10-29 mg/dL), 32 185 (34.5%) had low HDL levels (30-39 mg/dL), 35 875 (38.5%) had normal HDL levels (40-59 mg/dL), and 8349 (9.0%) had high HDL levels (60-100 mg/dL). Patients with very low HDL levels were younger, more often male, and more commonly obese and diabetic. Patients with very low HDL levels had the greatest risk of multi-vessel coronary disease on angiography and in-hospital mortality compared with patients with normal and high HDL levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Almost one-fifth of patients with NSTE ACS have very low HDL levels--a finding that adds incrementally to a greater burden of atherosclerosis and a higher risk of mortality. Consequently, strategies for mitigating the adverse prognosis associated with very low HDL levels warrant further exploration in patients with ACS.
authors: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. matthew.roe@duke.edu
authors: Matthew T
authors: MT
authors: Roe
authors: Fang-Shu
authors: FS
authors: Ou
authors: Karen P
authors: KP
authors: Alexander
authors: Laura Kristin
authors: LK
authors: Newby
authors: Joanne M
authors: JM
authors: Foody
authors: W Brian
authors: WB
authors: Gibler
authors: William E
authors: WE
authors: Boden
authors: Erik Magnus
authors: EM
authors: Ohman
authors: Sidney C
authors: SC
authors: Smith
authors: Eric D
authors: ED
authors: Peterson
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL