title: Reproducibility of 3-dimensional ultrasound readings of volume of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-invasive 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) has emerged as the predominant approach for evaluating the progression of carotid atherosclerosis and its response to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of a central reading procedure concerning plaque volume (PV), measured by 3D US in a multinational US trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two data sets of 45 and 60 3D US patient images of plaques (mean PV, 71.8 and 39.8 mul, respectively) were used. PV was assessed by means of manual planimetry. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was applied to determine reader variabilities. The repeatability coefficient (RC) and the coefficient of variation (CV) were used to investigate the effect of number of slices (S) in manual planimetry and plaque size on measurement variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intra-reader variability was small as reflected by ICCs of 0.985, 0.967 and 0.969 for 3 appointed readers. The ICC value generated between the 3 readers was 0.964, indicating that inter-reader variability was small, too. Subgroup analyses showed that both intra- and inter-reader variabilities were lower for larger than for smaller plaques. Mean CVs were similar for the 5S- and 10S-methods with a RC of 4.7 microl. The RC between both methods as well as the CVs were comparatively lower for larger plaques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By implementing standardised central 3D US reading protocols and strict quality control procedures highly reliable ultrasonic re-readings of plaque images can be achieved in large multicentre trials.
authors: Centre for Vascular Disease, Krankenhaus Tutzing, D-82327 Tutzing, Bahnhofstrasse 5, Germany. malte.ludwig@t-online.de.
authors: Malte
authors: M
authors: Ludwig
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Zielinski
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Schremmer
authors: Klaus O
authors: KO
authors: Stumpe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography