title: Effects of an electrolyte additive on hydration and drinking behavior during wildfire suppression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a water + electrolyte solution versus plain water on changes in drinking behaviors, hydration status, and body temperatures during wildfire suppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight participants consumed plain water, and eight participants consumed water plus an electrolyte additive during 15 hours of wildfire suppression. Participants wore a specially outfitted backpack hydration system equipped with a digital flow meter system affixed inline to measure drinking characteristics (drinking frequency and volume). Body weight and urine-specific gravity were collected pre- and postshift. Ambient, core, and skin temperatures were measured continuously using a wireless system. Work output was monitored using accelerometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between groups for body weight, drinking frequency, temperature data, activity, or urine-specific gravity (1.019 +/- 0.007 to 1.023 +/- 0.010 vs. 1.019 +/- 0.005 to 1.024 +/- 0.009 for water and water + electrolyte groups pre- and postshift, respectively; P < .05). There was a main effect for time for body weight, demonstrating an overall decrease (78.1 +/- 13.3 and 77.3 +/- 13.3 kg pre- and postshift, respectively; P < .05) across the work shift. The water group consumed more total fluid (main effect for treatment) than the water + electrolyte group (504 +/- 472 vs. 285 +/- 279 mL.h(-1) for the water and water + electrolyte groups, respectively; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of an electrolyte mixture to plain water decreased the overall fluid consumption of the water + electrolyte group by 220 mL.h(-1) (3.3 L.d(-1)). Supplementing water with electrolytes can reduce the amount of fluid necessary to consume and transport during extended activity. This can minimize carrying excessive weight, possibly reducing fatigue during extended exercise.
authors: Human Performance Laboratory, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Cuddy
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Ham
authors: Stephanie G
authors: SG
authors: Harger
authors: Dustin R
authors: DR
authors: Slivka
authors: Brent C
authors: BC
authors: Ruby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003681:Dehydration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013046:Specific Gravity; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016482:Urinalysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D015532:Rehydration Solutions