Laparoscopy in women with unexplained infertility: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cost effectiveness of laparoscopy for unexplained infertility.


METHODS
We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a computer-generated decision analysis tree. Data used to construct the mathematical model were extracted from the literature or obtained from our practice. We compared outcomes following four treatment strategies: [1] no treatment, [2] standard infertility treatment algorithm (SITA), [3] laparoscopy with expectant management (LSC/EM), and [4] laparoscopy with infertility therapy (LSC/IT). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated, and one-way sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of varying base-case estimates.


METHODS
Academic in vitro fertilization practice.


METHODS
Computer-simulated patients assigned to one of four treatments.


METHODS
Fertility treatment or laparoscopy.


METHODS
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.


RESULTS
Using base-case assumptions, LSC/EM was preferred (ICER =$128,400 per live-birth in U.S. dollars). Changing the following did not alter results: rates and costs of multiple gestations, penalty for high-order multiples, infertility treatment costs, and endometriosis prevalence. Outcomes were most affected by patient dropout from infertility treatments-SITA was preferred when dropout was less than 9% per cycle. Less important factors included surgical costs, acceptability of twins, and the effects of untreated endometriosis on fecundity.


CONCLUSIONS
Laparoscopy is cost effective in the initial management of young women with infertility, particularly when infertility treatment dropout rates exceed 9% per cycle.
Moayeri
Sharon E
SE
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. smoayeri@yahoo.com
Lee
Henry C
HC
Lathi
Ruth B
RB
Westphal
Lynn M
LM
Milki
Amin A
AA
Garber
Alan M
AM
D015897:Comorbidity; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology