title: Patient acceptance and issues of education of two durable insulin pen devices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin pen devices offer patients a more convenient, accurate, and discreet mode of insulin delivery than traditional syringes and vials. This open-label, randomized, comparative crossover study assessed patient preference for two reusable pens: NovoPen 4 (Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark) and OptiClik (Sanofi-Aventis, Bridgewater NJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five diabetes patients with no previous experience of pen devices (mean age 56.7 years; range 17-80 years; 57% male) used both pens to deliver a 10 unit saline dose into an injection cushion. Half received guidance according to official instruction manuals, and half were given no instructions. Learning times were also measured. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire to determine their preferences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 32 of 35 participants preferred NovoPen 4 compared with two of 35 for OptiClik (91.4% vs. 5.7% respectively, P<0.001), and one had no preference. NovoPen 4 was significantly favored over OptiClik in almost all questionnaire criteria, including safety (P<0.001), size of pen (P<0.001), appearance (P<0.001), and ease of use (P<0.001). The majority of patients were able to use NovoPen 4 without guidance (94.4%) compared with just over half for for OptiClik (55.6%, P<0.01). Learning time was also significantly faster for NovoPen 4 (62.6 s) than for OptiClik (95.8 s) (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients learned how to use both pens quickly (under 2 min), but NovoPen 4 was preferred by participants over OptiClik. Patient acceptance of a pen device may support insulin initiation, particularly in type 2 diabetes.
authors: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata City, Japan. asa-mac@m7.dion.ne.jp
authors: Toshinari
authors: T
authors: Asakura
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Seino
authors: Klaus H
authors: KH
authors: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin