title: Formative study to develop the Eban treatment and comparison interventions for couples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe formative and pilot-testing research that generated themes and procedures, curricula, and critical measures for a randomized clinical trial testing a Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-serodiscordant African American couples (Project Eban).
  
  
  METHODS
  This article describes the themes that emerged from discussions with African American serodiscordant couples about HIV-related risks from focus groups with 11 couples and pilot study results with 32 couples across 4 sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  In step 1, focus groups examined the need for a Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-serodiscordant African American couples and confirmed 4 themes that formed the basis for the intervention curriculum and study format. In step 2, a pilot study refined the clinical trial procedures for this population and tested critical measures and selected portions of the curriculum for both the treatment and the comparison interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on these findings, stigma and psychological distress, barriers to condom use, insufficient support from community and service organizations, and the lack of skills that emphasize individual and relationship protection were ultimately integrated into the Risk Reduction Intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pilot study findings highlighted the importance of examining gender and ethnicity in HIV-impacted couples along with factors that heightened HIV-related risk behaviors that affect couples' skills and psychological adjustment. The goal was to ensure that a skill-based, culturally congruent, relationship-centered intervention could be understood and of interest to couples. Future analyses in the main trial will be discussed.
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001741:Black or African American; D017280:Condoms; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009315:National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); D010865:Pilot Projects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States