title: Arabidopsis COP1/SPA1 complex and FHY1/FHY3 associate with distinct phosphorylated forms of phytochrome A in balancing light signaling.
abstract: Fine tuning of light signaling is crucial to plant development. Following light-triggered nuclear translocation, the photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) regulates gene expression under continuous far-red light and is rapidly destabilized upon red light irradiation by E3 ubiquitin ligases, including COP1. Here we provide evidence that the light signaling repressors SPA proteins contribute to COP1-mediated phyA degradation and that a COP1/SPA1 protein complex is tightly associated with phyA ubiquitination activity. Furthermore, a phosphorylated phyA form accumulates in the nucleus and preferentially associates with the COP1/SPA1 complex. In contrast, underphosphorylated phyA predominantly associates with the phyA-signaling intermediates FHY3 and FHY1. However, COP1 associates with underphosphorylated phyA in the absence of FHY3 or FHY1, suggesting that phyA associations with FHY3 and FHY1 protect underphosphorylated phyA from being recognized by the COP1/SPA complex. We propose that light-induced phyA phosphorylation acts as a switch controlling differential interactions of the photoreceptor with signal propagation or attenuation machineries.
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Saijo
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Peking-Yale Joint Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
authors: Danmeng
authors: D
authors: Zhu
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors: Jigang
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors: Vicente
authors: V
authors: Rubio
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors: Zhenzhen
authors: Z
authors: Zhou
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Peking-Yale Joint Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yunping
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany.
authors: Ute
authors: U
authors: Hoecker
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors: Haiyang
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: xingwang.deng@yale.edu.
authors: Xing Wang
authors: XW
authors: Deng
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D051942:Phytochrome A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000528:radiation effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C441269:FHY1 protein, Arabidopsis; C452847:FHY3 protein, Arabidopsis; D051942:Phytochrome A; C118571:SPA1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010834:Phytochrome; C471983:AT2G32950 protein, Arabidopsis; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases