title: Use of a solution cathode glow discharge for cold vapor generation of mercury with determination by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry.
abstract: A novel vapor-generation technique is described for mercury determination in aqueous solutions. Without need for a chemical reducing agent, dissolved mercury species are converted to volatile Hg vapor in a solution cathode glow discharge. The generated Hg vapor is then transported to an inductively coupled plasma for determination by atomic emission spectrometry. Mercury vapor is readily generated from a background electrolyte containing 0.1 M HNO 3. Vapor generation efficiency was found to be higher by a factor of 2-3 in the presence of low molecular weight organic acids (formic or acetic acids) or alcohols (ethanol). Optimal conditions for discharge-induced vapor generation and reduced interference from concomitant inorganic ions were also identified. However, the presence of chloride ion reduces the efficiency of Hg-vapor generation. In the continuous sample introduction mode, the detection limit was found to be 0.7 microg L (-1), and repeatability was 1.2% RSD ( n = 11) for a 20 microg L (-1) standard. In comparison with other vapor generation methods, it offers several advantages: First, it is applicable to both inorganic and organic Hg determination; organic mercury (thiomersal) can be directly transformed into volatile Hg species without the need for prior oxidation. Second, the vapor-generation efficiency is high; the efficiency (with formic acid as a promoter) is superior to that of conventional SnCl 2-HCl reduction. Third, the vapor generation is extremely rapid and therefore is easy to couple with flow injection. The method is sensitive and simple in operation, requires no auxiliary reagents, and serves as a useful alternative to conventional vapor generation for ultratrace Hg determination.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences of Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors: Zhenli
authors: Z
authors: Zhu
authors: George C-Y
authors: GC
authors: Chan
authors: Steven J
authors: SJ
authors: Ray
authors: Xinrong
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Gary M
authors: GM
authors: Hieftje
mesh_terms: D003080:Cold Temperature; D004566:Electrodes; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*; D013849:Thimerosal / Q000737:chemistry; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D017971:Tin Compounds; C023599:stannous chloride; D013849:Thimerosal; D008628:Mercury; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid