title: Chronic pain assessment: a seven-factor model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are many measures assessing related dimensions of the chronic pain experience (eg, pain severity, pain coping, depression, activity level), but the relationships among them have not been systematically established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study set out to determine the core dimensions requiring assessment in individuals with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with chronic pain (n=126) completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Chronic Pain Coping Index, Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, McGill Pain Questionnaire--Short Form, Pain Disability Index and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the nine chronic pain measures, EFAs were conducted on each of the individual measures, and the derived factors (subscales) from each measure were submitted together for a single EFA. A seven-factor model best fit the data, representing the core factors of pain and disability, pain description, affective distress, support, positive coping strategies, negative coping strategies and activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seven meaningful dimensions of the pain experience were reliably and systematically extracted. Implications and future directions for this work are discussed.
authors: Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. 9md9@queensu.ca
authors: Megan A
authors: MA
authors: Davidson
authors: Dean A
authors: DA
authors: Tripp
authors: Leandre R
authors: LR
authors: Fabrigar
authors: Paul R
authors: PR
authors: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*