title: Diffuse esophageal spasm: CT findings in seven patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and appearance of esophageal wall thickening on CT scans in a series of patients with findings of diffuse esophageal spasm on barium studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT revealed marked esophageal wall thickening in seven (21%) of 33 patients who had findings of diffuse esophageal spasm on barium studies. CT showed significantly greater esophageal wall thickening in the lower thoracic esophagus 5 cm above the gastroesophageal junction than in the upper thoracic esophagus at the level of the aortic arch or in the midthoracic esophagus at the level of the carina (p < 0.01). This esophageal wall thickening corresponded to the presence of multiple strong nonperistaltic contractions in the lower thoracic esophagus on barium studies. Our findings suggest that diffuse esophageal spasm should be included in the differential diagnosis when CT shows smooth circumferential wall thickening in the lower half of the thoracic esophagus, particularly in elderly patients with dysphagia or chest pain.
authors: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Goldberg
authors: Marc S
authors: MS
authors: Levine
authors: Drew A
authors: DA
authors: Torigian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015155:Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D001466:Barium Sulfate