Comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis.
BACKGROUND
Whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a change in the diversity of genital microbiota in women was investigated.


METHODS
Amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction (LH-PCR) analysis and pyrosequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene were used to analyze the diversity of the microbiota in HIV-positive (HIV(+)) and HIV-negative (HIV(-)) women with or without bacterial vaginosis (BV).


RESULTS
LH-PCR analysis revealed significantly more microbiota diversity in BV-positive (BV(+)) women than in BV-negative (BV(-)) women, but no significant difference was noted between HIV(+) women and HIV(-) women. Pyrosequencing revealed that Lactobacillus organisms constituted a median of 96% of the bacteria in BV(-) women. BV(+) women had a significantly higher number of taxa found at > or =1% of the total genital microbiota (median, 11 taxa). Common taxa in BV(+) women were Prevotella, Megasphaera, Gardnerella, Coriobacterineae, Lachnospira, and Sneathia. There was a trend (P = .07) toward the presence of a higher number of taxa in HIV(+)BV(+) women than in HIV(-)BV(+) women. Propionibacterineae, Citrobacter, and Anaerococcus were the taxa found only in HIV(+) women (P < .05).


CONCLUSIONS
The present study demonstrated that both LH-PCR analysis and pyrosequencing differentiated microbiota in BV(+) women from that in BV(-) women and that pyrosequencing indicated a trend toward increased diversity in BV(+)HIV(+) women, suggesting that HIV infection is associated with changes in the diversity of genital microbiota.
Spear
Gregory T
GT
Department of Immunology/Microbiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA. gspear@rush.edu
Sikaroodi
Masoumeh
M
Zariffard
M Reza
MR
Landay
Alan L
AL
French
Audrey L
AL
Gillevet
Patrick M
PM
D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S