title: Epidural haloperidol enhances epidural morphine analgesia: three case reports.
abstract: Epidural opioids provide significant postoperative analgesia; however, their use is often limited by side effects such as nausea and pruritus, or they require the addition of epidural local anesthetics with possible side effects of motor block and hypotension. Adjuncts to epidural opioid analgesia would benefit pain management. There is evidence that epidural butyrophenones may enhance opioid analgesics and reduce side effects. The authors present the first reported use of epidural haloperidol to enhance epidural morphine analgesia in three individuals. Pharmacodynamic interactions of haloperidol, which may explain its analgesic efficacy, are summarized.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors: George
authors: G
authors: Colclough
authors: John T
authors: JT
authors: McLarney
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Sloan
authors: K Todd
authors: KT
authors: McCoun
authors: Gregory L
authors: GL
authors: Rose
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Grider
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Steyn
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000601:surgery; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D009020:Morphine; D006220:Haloperidol