Transcriptional regulation of IL-2 in health and autoimmunity.
The regulation of IL-2 production is central to our understanding of the immune system. Key during T cell activation, it also plays an essential role in the regulation of the immune response. This review discusses the function of recently described factors that modulate transcription and chromatin remodeling at the IL2 promoter. Also, it addresses the role of FoxP3 as a transcriptional regulator in conventional T cells and regulatory T cells, and the mechanisms whereby CD28 stabilizes IL2 transcription and translation. Finally, the alterations that prevent T cells from SLE patients from producing normal amounts of IL-2 upon stimulation are described.
Crispín
José C
JC
Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tsokos
George C
GC
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000276:immunology; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D018106:CD28 Antigens; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007376:Interleukin-2; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1