title: Endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical settings, treatments, antibiotic sensitivities, and visual outcomes associated with endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter species.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected for organisms, surgical intervention, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and final visual acuity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six eyes of 6 patients with culture-proven C. freundii (n = 4) or C. koseri(n = 2) endophthalmitis were identified. Clinical settings included cataract surgery (1 eye), cataract surgery combined with trabeculectomy (1), trauma (2), penetrating keratoplasty (1), and presumably endogenous source (1). Primary or secondary evisceration was performed in 3 eyes. Initial pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics was performed in 3 eyes. Final visual acuity was no light perception in 5 eyes, and 1 patient with traumatic C. koseri endophthalmitis achieved a final vision of 20/30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite treatment with appropriate antibiotics, Citrobacter endophthalmitis can be associated with a poor visual outcome. Early detection and management may improve the final visual outcome and prevent the possibility of evisceration.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. cgr999chiayi@yahoo.com.tw
authors: Kuan-Jen
authors: KJ
authors: Chen
authors: Ming-Hui
authors: MH
authors: Sun
authors: Yih-Shiou
authors: YS
authors: Hwang
authors: Tun-Lu
authors: TL
authors: Chen
authors: Chi-Chun
authors: CC
authors: Lai
authors: Yen-Po
authors: YP
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016971:Citrobacter freundii / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041041:Citrobacter koseri / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D017234:Eye Evisceration; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology; D014130:Trabeculectomy; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents