title: Effects of rosiglitazone (a peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist) on the blood pressure and aortic structure in metabolically programmed (perinatal low protein) rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of rosiglitazone on nutritionally programmed chronic disease, with a focus on blood pressure (BP) and aortic wall structural remodeling. Wistar pregnant rats were fed one of two diets: a normal protein diet (19% protein; NP rats) or low-protein diet (5% protein; LP rats). Male offspring at 3 months of age were randomly divided into four groups: NP offspring treated with rosiglitazone (NPR); untreated NP offspring (NP); LP offspring treated with rosiglitazone (LPR); untreated LP offspring (LP). Rosiglitazone was administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg/d until 6 months of age. BP was elevated in LP offspring. Rosiglitazone reduced BP beginning in the first week of treatment in the LPR offspring. The insulin sensitivity was increased in LP offspring, and was not altered by rosiglitazone. LP offspring exhibited a 40% reduction in the amount of elastic fibers in the aorta wall compared with NP offspring (p < 0.01), and the quantity of elastic fibers was not altered by rosiglitazone. The smooth muscle cells, elastic lamellae, circumferential wall tension (CWT) and tensile stress (TS) were increased in LP offspring, indicating increased blood flow in the aorta. Rosiglitazone reduced both CWT and TS by 30% compared to the levels in untreated LP offspring (p < 0.01 for both). Rosiglitazone restored the expressions of angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase nearly to the levels in the NP offspring. ANOVA disclosed a significant two-factor interaction between protein content in the diet and rosiglitazone treatment (p < 0.001 for CWT and p < 0.00001 for TS, two-way ANOVA). We conclude that rosiglitazone has beneficial effects in reducing the BP and the aortic tunica media hypertrophy with consequent balance of the wall stress in metabolically programmed offspring.
authors: Laboratory of Morphometry and Cardiovascular Morphology, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Thiago da Silva
authors: TS
authors: Torres
authors: Geraldo
authors: G
authors: D'Oliveira Silva
authors: Márcia Barbosa
authors: MB
authors: Aguila
authors: Jorge José
authors: JJ
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Mandarim-De-Lacerda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III