Identification of cis-acting sites for condensin loading onto budding yeast chromosomes.
Eukaryotic chromosomes reach their stable rod-shaped appearance in mitosis in a reaction dependent on the evolutionarily conserved condensin complex. Little is known about how and where condensin associates with chromosomes. Here, we analyze condensin binding to budding yeast chromosomes using high-resolution oligonucleotide tiling arrays. Condensin-binding sites coincide with those of the loading factor Scc2/4 of the related cohesin complex. The sites map to tRNA and other genes bound by the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIC, and ribosomal protein and SNR genes. An ectopic B-box element, recognized by TFIIIC, constitutes a minimal condensin-binding site, and TFIIIC and the Scc2/4 complex promote functional condensin association with chromosomes. A similar pattern of condensin binding is conserved along fission yeast chromosomes. This reveals that TFIIIC-binding sites, including tRNA genes, constitute a hitherto unknown chromosomal feature with important implications for chromosome architecture during both interphase and mitosis.
D'Ambrosio
Claudio
C
Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, UK.
Schmidt
Christine Katrin
CK
Katou
Yuki
Y
Kelly
Gavin
G
Itoh
Takehiko
T
Shirahige
Katsuhiko
K
Uhlmann
Frank
F
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008938:Mitosis; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000502:physiology*; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019474:Transcription Factors, TFIII / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000097722:Cohesins; D000098832:Transcription Factor TFIIIC
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D012320:RNA Polymerase III; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D019474:Transcription Factors, TFIII; D000097722:Cohesins; D000098832:Transcription Factor TFIIIC; C108312:condensin complexes