Spinal opioids in postoperative pain relief 1: pharmacology.
This is a two-part unit on using spinal opioids to manage postoperative pain. Part 1 outlines the pharmacology and adverse effects. For details on spinal anatomy and dose levels, plus a table that outlines the differences between spinal anaesthesia and analgesia, and epidural analgesia, see Portfolio Pages at nursingtimes.net.
Bowrey
Sarah
S
Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.
Thompson
Jonathan
J