title: The short term effect of cyclic passive stretching on plantarflexor resistive torque after acquired brain injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased calf muscle stiffness is a common impairment following acquired brain injury. This study examined the immediate effects of cyclic ankle stretching at two stretch velocities on calf stiffness in individuals with hemiparesis (n=17) and control subjects (n=10).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cyclic ankle stretching was applied for 3min at velocities of 5 degrees s(-1) and 25 degrees s(-1) using a purpose-built dynamometer. Surface electromyography was employed to ensure stretches were passive. Peak plantarflexor resistive torque was derived from torque-angle curves. Comparisons were made between groups, velocities, and between limbs for hemiparetic subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, mean peak plantarflexor resistive torque was greater in the affected limbs of hemiparetic subjects than their contralateral limbs (P<0.001), however there was no significant difference between groups. Plantarflexor resistive torque was reduced in all limbs following cyclic stretching regardless of stretch velocity (P<0.005). Two distinct patterns of response were observed in hemiparetic subjects. In nine cases the affected limb responses did not differ from the contralateral limb or control data. In the remaining eight cases mean peak plantarflexor resistive torque in the affected limb was greater than the contralateral limb and control values. In this subgroup, peak plantarflexor resistive torque was significantly affected by stretch velocity and showed the greatest reduction following cyclic stretching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclic stretching has been shown to produce a short term reduction in calf stiffness in a subgroup of individuals with hemiplegia. Further investigation is required to elaborate the characteristics of those most likely to respond optimally to this intervention.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Musculoskeletal Studies, The University of Western Australia, Medical Research Foundation Building, Level 2, Royal Perth Hospital, Rear 50 Murray Street, WA 6000, Perth, Australia. bjs@cms.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Singer