title: Syngeneic immune-dependent abortions in mice suggest paternal alloantigen-independent mechanisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recurrent immune-associated miscarriages in humans are thought to result from maternal immune responses to paternal alloantigens. We investigated the role of paternal alloantigens in a mouse model of immune-dependent abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sib-crosses of C57Bl/6J (haplotype b/b) mice heterozygous for a targeted hypomorphic allele of the tbp gene (tbp(deltaN/+)) resulted in selective mid-gestational abortion of 88% of the tbp(deltaN/deltaN) fetuses. In dams lacking mature lymphocytes (rag1-/-), nearly all tbp(deltaN/deltaN) fetuses survived to birth, indicating abortions were immune-dependent. Allogeneic pregnancies bearing tbp(deltaN/deltaN) fetuses were established by either hybridizing the paternal lineage to BALB/cJ (haplotype d/d) and mating hybrid tbp(deltaN/+) sires to haplotype b/b tbp(deltaN/+) C57Bl/6J dams, or by transfer of haplotype b/b zygotes from tbp(deltaN/+)x tbp(deltaN/+) matings into pseudopregnant wild-type CByD2F1/J dams (haplotype d/d).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither hemizygous paternal allogeneic loci nor homozygous allogeneic loci, including a haplotype-mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC), increased abortion frequencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that mechanisms for maternal tolerance of paternal alloantigens, including mismatched MHC antigens, were intact in these pregnancies, yet maternal immune-dependent paternal antigen-independent abortion of mutants occurred. These data indicate that, in some cases of immune-mediated abortions, the presence of paternal alloantigens can be coincidental and superfluous to the compromising rejection response.
authors.affiliation: Animal Resources Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
authors.forename: Jean A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kundert
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sealey
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mario R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Capecchi
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Schmidt