Collection and analysis of urine from racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica).
Urine from racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) was collected by a method using cloacal cannulation. Reference values for 12 chemical and physical variables in urine of racing pigeons were determined for use in clinical practice.
Halsema
W B
WB
Department of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Small Animal Clinical, State University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Alberts
H
H
de Bruijne
J J
JJ
Lumeij
J T
JT