title: Calcium phosphate formation in gelatin matrix using free ion precursors of Ca2+ and phosphate ions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/gelatin (GEL) nanocomposite has been developed as a bone substitute. The nanocomposite formation in the GEL matrix is greatly affected by the reaction between Ca(2+) and phosphate ions. The mineralization of GEL macromolecules was investigated through a co-precipitation of calcium phosphates (Ca-P) by using free ions of Ca(2+) and phosphate ions, Pi. The purpose of this study was to prepare a dense HAp/GEL nanocomposite through a free ion production process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Free ionic calcium, Ca(2+), was produced through electrodialysis process using a cation membrane (CMV). Triprotic acid ions were diffused through an anion membrane (AMV) from an aqueous solution of H(3)PO(4). The HAp/GEL nanocomposite was prepared by the co-precipitation process. As a reference material for comparison, Ca(OH)(2) and H(3)PO(4) were used for the preparation of a HAp/GEL nanocomposite.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dense compact body of dried Ca-P/GEL nanocomposite was obtained through the fine chemical reaction of Ca(2+) and Pi. The free calcium ion Ca(2+), diffused from the CMV of the cation reactor greatly affected the formation of Ca-P phase. Phosphate ion species diffused through the AMV in the anion reactor definitely influenced the reaction with Ca(2+). For the formation of the Ca-P phase in the GEL matrix, the organic-inorganic interaction was analyzed using FT-IR. The crystal growth of HAp in the GEL matrix increased with the increase of GEL from XRD, FT-IR and TEM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mineralization reaction in GEL macromolecules was critically influenced by the free ions of Ca(2+) and inorganic phosphate ions, Pi. The interaction between Ca(2+) and Pi in the GEL matrix was very fine compared to the HAp/GEL nanocomposite prepared from Ca(OH)(2) and H(3)PO(4) with the GEL. The dense compact body of HAp/GEL nanocomposite was obtained for an artificial bone application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Science, MDRCBB, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, MN 55455-0329, United States. chang083@umn.edu
authors.forename: Myung Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeLong