title: Inhibitory effects of electrical stimulation on delivery in pregnant rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy of uterine electrical stimulation (ES) with various parameters in delaying delivery in term- and preterm-laboring animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Catheters and electrodes, as well as ES electrodes, were sutured onto the uterine horn in day-15 pregnant rats. ES with various durations/frequencies (five sets of parameters) was tested from gestation day 21 to determine its effects on uterine contractility. The best set of ES parameters was applied in term (day 21) and preterm (day 18-labor induced) animals to determine the effects of ES on delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Significant reduction in uterine contractions (0.54+/-0.11 vs. 0.86+/-0.08 contractions per minute, P<0.001) was noted with ES of only one of the five sets of parameters (set #5 with pulse train of 10s on and 10s off, 28ms pulse width, frequency of 30Hz and amplitude of 4mA); (2) ES with parameter set 5 delayed delivery by 12.5h (P=0.01) and reduced area under the curve of intrauterine pressure in mmHgs (311+/-147.21 vs. 848.75+/-350.38, P<0.05) and AUC-electromyographic activity is area under rectified (i.e. absolute value) uterine EMG trace in mVs (145.25+/-93.1 vs. 410+/-182.46, P<0.05) in the term rats; and (3) similar effects were noted with ES in preterm rats with a delay in delivery by 28h (P<0.001), and a decrease in IUP-AUC (intrauterine pressure-area under curve) (101.5+/-55.45 vs. 551+/-269.06, P=0.017) and EMG-AUC (64.25+/-43.63 vs. 172.5+/-62.91, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ES of the uterus with appropriate parameters inhibits uterine contractions and delays delivery in both term and preterm rats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
authors.forename: Truptesh H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kothari
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Maner
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Garfield
authors.forename: J D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen