title: Clinical profile and management outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine major risk factors and management outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in order to prevent amputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, from January 2005 to December 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred and sixteen consecutive diabetic patients, with foot ulcers of Wagner's grade 1 to 4 were assessed at baseline for demographic information, detailed history, neuropathy, peripheral pulses and frequency of diabetic complication. Glycemic control was determined on the basis of HbA1c levels. Appropriate medical and surgical treatments were carried out and patients were followed-up until healing or for 6 months as end point of study. Outcome was recorded as healed, incomplete healing and amputated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A majority of subjects had type 2 diabetes (95.7%) with male predominance (66%). The mean age was 54.29 +/- 7.71 years. Most of the patients were overweight, hyperglycemic and had diabetes > 10 years duration. Neuropathic ulcers were found in 91 (78.4%) patients, while rest of the 25 (22.6 %) had neuroischemic ulcers. Wound cultures revealed polymicrobial organisms. Foot ulcers of 89 (77.7%) patients healed without amputation and 17 (14.7%) patients had minor or major amputations. Long-duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control and type of foot ulcers had effect on prognosis (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective glycemic control, optimal wound care, aggressive medical management and timely surgical intervention may decrease disabling morbidity with better outcome of diabetic foot ulcer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Down University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mehmood
authors.forename: S Tehseen
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Abu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.forename: Abu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talib
authors.forename: Badar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.lastname: Siraj-ul-Salekeen
authors.forename: Iftikhar Haider
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Naqvi