title: Multi-kinase inhibitor E7080 suppresses lymph node and lung metastases of human mammary breast tumor MDA-MB-231 via inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-receptor (VEGF-R) 2 and VEGF-R3 kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/VEGF-receptor 3 (VEGF-R3) signal plays a significant role in lymphangiogenesis and tumor metastasis based on its effects on lymphatic vessels. However, little is known about the effect of inhibiting VEGF-R3 on lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastases using a small-molecule kinase inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effect of E7080, a potent inhibitor of both VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3 kinase, and bevacizumab on lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in a mammary fat pad xenograft model of human breast cancer using MDA-MB-231 cells that express excessive amounts of VEGF-C. Lymphangiogenesis was determined by lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and angiogenesis by microvessel density (MVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In contrast to MDA-MB-435 cells, which expressed a similar amount of VEGF to MDA-MB-231 cells with an undetectable amount of VEGF-C, only MDA-MB-231 exhibited lymphangiogenesis in the primary tumor. E7080 but not bevacizumab significantly decreased LVD within the MDA-MB-231 tumor. E7080 and bevacizumab decreased MVD in both the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 models. E7080 significantly suppressed regional lymph nodes and distant lung metastases of MDA-MB-231, whereas bevacizumab significantly inhibited only lung metastases. E7080 also decreased both MVD and LVD within the metastatic nodules at lymph nodes after resection of the primary tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of VEGF-R3 kinase with E7080 effectively decreased LVD within MDA-MB-231 tumors, which express VEGF-C. Simultaneous inhibition of both VEGF-R2 and VEGF-R3 kinases by E7080 may be a promising new strategy to control regional lymph node and distant lung metastases.
authors.affiliation: Discovery Research Laboratories II, Eisai Co. Ltd., Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan. j2-matsui@hhc.esai.co.jp
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uenaka
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asada