title: A review of high-risk prostate cancer and the role of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant therapies.
abstract: High-risk, localized prostate cancer represents a complex and diverse disease with many available treatment modalities. Patients are often deemed high risk because they are at increased risk for biochemical failure after primary intervention. However, these "high-risk" men may not be at significant risk of dying from their cancer. In this review, an attempt will be made to better define high-risk patients and help identify men at increased risk for mortality, not simply biochemical failure, after a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer. A review of available monotherapies as well as previously successful multimodality treatments will also be presented. Finally, this review will provide a glimpse into the future direction of high-risk prostate cancer multimodal therapy by providing a synopsis several current randomized clinical trials using effective systemic adjuvant therapies following local treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, 11th floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Laudano
authors.forename: Tara R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McKiernan
authors.forename: Mitchell C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Benson