title: An idiopathic epilepsy syndrome linked to 3q13.3-q21 and missense mutations in the extracellular calcium sensing receptor gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the disease locus in a three-generation south Indian family having several of its members affected with idiopathic epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genome-wide parametric linkage analysis was performed with 382 autosomal markers. Mutational analysis of the positional candidate genes in linked interval was performed by direct sequencing of genomic DNA from the proband in the family. Expression analysis in human adult brain was performed by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel epilepsy genetic locus on chromosome 3q13.3-q21 was identified by linkage analysis. This locus comprises about 12 megabases of the genomic interval, with its proximal and distal genetic boundaries defined by microsatellite markers, D3S3675 and D3S1551, respectively. In this interval, we found a novel, patient-specific, missense variant, Arg898Gln, at the extracellular calcium sensing receptor (CASR), a gene belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. CASR expression was detected in the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Four additional, potentially pathogenic, missense CASR variants, Glu354Ala, Ile686Val, Ala988Val, and Ala988Gly, were observed in five individuals affected with idiopathic generalized epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel idiopathic epilepsy locus has been mapped on chromosome 3q13.3-q21, as evident by presence of significant genetic linkage. Identification of novel, rare missense CASR variants at evolutionary-conserved residues in epilepsy patients and CASR expression in various subregions of human brain raises an interesting possibility of involvement of CASR in pathophysiology of epileptic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Parthasarathy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satishchandra
authors.forename: Rinki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ratnapriya
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Jayaram
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kadandale
authors.forename: Susarla K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Anuranjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anand