title: Characterizing responses from auditory cortex in young people with several years of cochlear implant experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if cortical responses evoked by a cochlear implant in children who are deaf differ from normal and to characterize these differences in children who achieve good versus fair speech perception outcomes post-implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Late latency-evoked potential responses were recorded at 28 scalp locations in 16 children who were deaf from infancy and experienced cochlear implant users. Speech perception measures indicated that 8 had good scores and 8 had fair scores. In each child, responses were evoked by 36ms electrical pulse trains delivered from a single-implant electrode at the apical and basal ends of the array and by 36ms tone bursts (0.5, 2, and 6kHz). Responses to the tone bursts were also recorded in 14 age-matched children with normal hearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found (1) a dominant positive wave in all implant users and (2) a larger than normal negative amplitude peak in users with fair speech perception scores which had similar scalp topography to N1 but did not show the expected changes in amplitude with stimulus frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late latency-evoked potential responses in children using cochlear implants reflect abnormal and/or immature patterns of cortical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitations in auditory skills with a cochlear implant in children may be due to developmental processes in the cortex which are either slow to mature or which mature abnormally.
authors.affiliation: The Cochlear Implant Program, The Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Room 6D08, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X8. karen.gordon@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: D D E
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Papsin