title: Perioperative echocardiography: two-dimensional and three-dimensional applications.
abstract: Perioperative echocardiography is an essential skill for today's cardiac anesthesiologist and a driving force for innovation and accomplishment for the future of the subspecialty. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3-D TEE) will dominate the future practice of perioperative echocardiography, but transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) will grow in application, as will contrast echocardiography. Hand-held ultrasonongraphs will rival current machines in capabilities and make it possible for TTE to become the stethoscope of the future for cardiac anesthesiologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2304, USA.
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Cahalan