title: A simple method for calibrating force plates and force treadmills using an instrumented pole.
abstract: We propose a new method for calibrating force plates to reduce errors in center of pressure locations, forces, and moments. These errors may be caused by imperfect mounting of force plates to the ground or by installation of a treadmill atop a force plate, which may introduce distorting loads. The method, termed the Post-Installation Least-Squares (PILS) calibration, combines features of several previous methods into a simple procedure. It requires a motion capture system and an instrumented pole for applying reference loads. Reference loads may be manually applied to the force plate in arbitrary locations and directions. The instrumented pole measures applied load magnitudes through a single-axis load cell, and load directions through motion capture markers. Reference data and imperfect force plate signals are then combined to form a linear calibration matrix that simultaneously minimizes mean square errors in all forces and moments. We applied the procedure to standard laboratory force plates, as well as a custom-built, split-belt force treadmill. We also collected an independent set of verification data for testing. The proposed calibration procedure was found to reduce force errors by over 20%, and moment errors by over 60%. Center of pressure errors were also reduced by 63% for standard force plates and 91% for the force treadmill. The instrumented pole is advantageous because it allows for fast and arbitrary load application without needing a precise fixture for aligning loads. The linear calibration matrix is simpler than nonlinear correction equations and more compatible with standard data acquisition software, yet it yields error reductions comparable to more complex methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. shc@umich.edu
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kuo