title: Cotylenin A, a new differentiation inducer, and rapamycin cooperatively inhibit growth of cancer cells through induction of cyclin G2.
abstract: Cotylenin A, a plant growth regulator, and rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), are potent inducers of differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Recently, we found that cotylenin A and rapamycin effectively inhibited the proliferation of several human breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7. Herein, we demonstrate that cotylenin A and rapamycin rapidly and markedly induced the cyclin G2 gene expression in several cancer cells including MCF-7 cells. The growth arrest of the MCF-7 cells at the G1 phase, induced by the treatment with cotylenin A and rapamycin or the culture in low serum medium, markedly induced the cyclin G2 gene expression. Anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, etoposide and 5-fluorouracil also induced cyclin G2 expression during induction of growth arrest of the MCF-7 cell at the G1 phase or G2/M phase. Ectopically inducible cyclin G2 expression potently inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, cyclin G2 knockdown induced by cyclin G2 small interfering RNA markedly reduced the potency of cotylenin A plus rapamycin to induce growth inhibition. Taken together, our results suggest that cotylenin A and rapamycin induce inhibition of cancer cell growth through the induction of cyclin G2.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan. kasukabe@cancer-c.pref.saitama.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasukabe
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okabe-Kado
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honma