title: Intraobserver reliability of angular and linear measurements of scapular position in subjects with and without symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess intraobserver reliability of angular and linear clinical measurements of scapular position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient department in National Health Service teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n=45) without symptoms (21 men, 24 women; age range, 23-56y) and 45 subjects (22 men, 23 women; age range, 19-84y) with shoulder symptoms (defined as pain in the C5-6 dermatome reproduced by shoulder movement and not reproduced with cervical movement).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) models 2,1 and 2,3, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and SE of measurements for 68% confidence and 2 SEs of measurement (for the 95% CI) for the bilateral angular measurements of scapular rotation and tilt, and the bilateral linear measurements of lateral scapular displacement (protraction) and vertical displacement (elevation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For subjects without symptoms, ICC(2,3) results ranged from .75 to .98. The 2 SE results for the angular movements ranged from 1.8 degrees to 2.4 degrees and from 0.4 to 1.0 cm for the direct linear measurements. Subjects with symptoms: ICC(2,3) results ranged from .61 to .98. The 2 SE results for the angular movements ranged from 1.4 degrees to 2 degrees and from 0.6 to 1 cm for the direct linear measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated-measure (ICC(2,3)) results were more reliable than single-measure (ICC(2,1)) results. Very good to excellent intraobserver reliability was demonstrated for the angular and linear measurements of interest in both shoulders of subjects with and without symptoms. The 2 SE results provide guidance about the error associated with the individual measurements and will assist the clinician determining whether a change in the static position of the scapula has occurred as a result of intervention or over time. (National Research Register identifier N0060148286.).
authors.affiliation: Therapy Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK. jeremy.lewis@chelwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Valentine