title: Quality of life in head and neck cancer patients after surgical resection: translation into Cantonese and validation of the EORTC QLQ-H&N35.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  High convergent and discriminant validity between subscales was achieved after the translation of EORTC QLQ-H&N35 into Cantonese. Most subscales were assessing distinct components of quality of life (QoL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to translate the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 cancer module into Cantonese and to confirm validity and reliability for use in a Hong Kong head and neck (H&N) cancer population.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ethnocentric forward-backward translation of EORTC QLQ-H&N35 was conducted by bilingual head and neck health professionals. Discrepancies were identified and problematic wording and concepts revised. Further review preceded pilot testing in 119 postoperative H&N cancer patients. Internal consistency within each subscale, convergent and discriminant validity to check the item relevance and item representativeness within and between subscales were examined. Mean and standard deviations of each subscale and single item and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for subscales were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six of seven subscales achieved standard reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient >0.7). Correlation coefficients between an item and its own subscale were significantly higher than the coefficients with other subscales. Scaling success was found in all subscales. Pearson's correlation coefficient between subscales was <0.70, except between the subscales swallowing and trouble with social eating (r = 0.795), and speech problems and social contact (r = 0.754).
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, 4th Floor Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Vlantis
authors.forename: T M L
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S K C
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bjordal
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Hasselt