title: Laparoscopic nephrectomy with laparoscopically assisted transvaginal extraction of intact kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the first laparoscopic transperitoneal nephroureterectomy followed by laparoscopically assisted transvaginal extraction of the intact kidney performed in Puerto Rico.
  A 39 year-old female patient consulted her urologist regarding chronic urinary tract infection. A diagnosis of a non-functioning left kidney was made, secondary to long standing obstruction due to a distal ureteral stone. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy procedure was performed and the intact specimen was removed through a transverse posterior colpotomy. Patient was discharged home the next day without intraoperative or post-operative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic nephrec-tomy with transvaginal extraction of the intact specimen provides a surgical option as a minimally invasive technique with very few functional and cosmetic compromises and with low post-operative morbidity when performed in appropriate female patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Interamericano de Medicina Avanzada, Caguas, Puerto Rico. aserrano@pol.net
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano-Ysern
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Freddie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Lianette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acosta