title: Vaginal delivery compared with elective caesarean section: the views of pregnant women and clinicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the risk of morbidity from vaginal delivery (VD) that pregnant women would be prepared to accept before requesting an elective caesarean section and to compare these views with those of clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major teaching hospital (nulliparas and midwives) and national samples of medical specialists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nulliparas (n = 122), midwives (n = 84), obstetricians (n = 166), urogynaecologists (n = 12) and colorectal surgeons (n = 79).
  
  
  METHODS
  Face-to-face interviews (nulliparas) and mailed questionnaire (clinicians).
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum level of risk participants would be prepared to accept before opting for an elective caesarean section for each of 17 potential complications of VD. Utility scores for each complication were calculated with higher scores (closer to 1) indicating a greater acceptance of risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant women were willing to accept higher risks than clinicians for all 17 potential complications. They were least accepting of the risks of severe anal incontinence (mean utility score 0.32), emergency caesarean section (0.51), moderate anal incontinence (0.56), severe urinary incontinence (0.56), fourth-degree tears (0.59) and third-degree tears (0.72). The views of midwives were closest to those of pregnant women. Urogynaecologists and colorectal surgeons were the most risk averse, with 42 and 41%, respectively, stating that they would request an elective caesarean for themselves or their partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women were willing to accept significantly higher risks of potential complications of VD than clinicians involved in their care. Pregnant women's views were more closely aligned to midwives than to medical specialists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benness
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Phipps