title: The effect of a quantitative resuscitation strategy on mortality in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative resuscitation consists of structured cardiovascular intervention targeting predefined hemodynamic end points. We sought to measure the treatment effect of quantitative resuscitation on mortality from sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, conference proceedings, clinical practice guidelines, and other sources using a comprehensive strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified randomized control trials comparing quantitative resuscitation with standard resuscitation in adult patients who were diagnosed with sepsis using standard criteria. The primary outcome variable was mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality using standardized instruments; consensus was reached by conference. Preplanned subgroup analysis required studies to be categorized based on early (at the time of diagnosis) vs. late resuscitation implementation. We used the chi-square test and I to assess for statistical heterogeneity (p < 0.10, I > 25%). The primary analysis was based on the random effects model to produce pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded 29 potential publications; nine studies were included in the final analysis, providing a sample of 1001 patients. The combined results demonstrate a decrease in mortality (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.43-0.96); however, there was statistically significant heterogeneity (p = 0.07, I = 45%). Among the early quantitative resuscitation studies (n = 6) there was minimal heterogeneity (p = 0.40, I = 2.4%) and a significant decrease in mortality (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.37-0.69). The late quantitative resuscitation studies (n = 3) demonstrated no significant effect on mortality (odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.60-2.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis found that applying an early quantitative resuscitation strategy to patients with sepsis imparts a significant reduction in mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA. alan.jones@carolinas.org
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trzeciak
authors.forename: Nathan I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kline