title: Abnormal vessel morphology in boys born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and perinatal morbidity which may predispose for diseases of the central nervous and vascular systems. Our aim was to investigate the ocular fundus morphology in children born after ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children born after ICSI (n = 82) had ocular fundus photographs taken at the age of 5 years and results were compared with those of a control group (n = 203). The ocular fundus morphology with the central retinal vessels was evaluated by digital image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children born after ICSI (n = 57) had abnormal retinal vascularization as evidenced by a lower number of vascular branching points compared with the control group (n = 181) (p = 0.0002). A gender difference was found whereby the ICSI boys (n = 35) had significantly fewer retinal branching points (median 24, range 19-29.5) compared with the control boys (median 27.5, range 20-37) (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed that ICSI boys have abnormal vessel morphology as demonstrated by a reduced number of central retinal branching points. The difference still remained after elimination of factors earlier shown to be associated with a low number of vascular branching points, i.e. low birth weight and preterm, suggesting other mechanisms responsible for the low number of vascular branching points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. margareta.hok-wikstrand@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Margareta Hök
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wikstrand
authors.forename: Aimon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niklasson
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strömland
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellström