title: Adaptation and validation of the Italian MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom in patients with head and neck tumours. The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) is a questionnaire currently used in North America for the assessment of dysphagia-related disability in patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of the study is to analyze reliability and clinical validity of the Italian MDADI.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 persons with no history of dysphagia and 50 head and neck cancer patients with a chronic and stable dysphagia have been included in the study. Each subject completed alone the Italian MDADI twice with a week interval between the two questionnaire completion. Intra-subject reliability was analyzed through Pearson test in both groups of subjects. Clinical validity was calculated through the non parametric Mann Whitney test of the first MDADI assessment in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high for each MDADI subscale in subjects without dysphagia as well as in those with dysphagia. The difference between MDADI values in subjects with and without dysphagia was significant for each subscale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian MDADI is reliable and clinically valid. The application of the MDADI is recommended in clinical practice as well as in descriptive, outcome and efficacy research.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy. antonio.schindler@unimi.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borghi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiddia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ginocchio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felisati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ottaviani