title: Prenatal alcohol exposure as a risk factor for dysfunctional behaviors: the role of the pediatrician.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the classic features of fetal alcohol syndrome have been recognized since 1968, research on alcohol teratogenesis has only recently demonstrated that the brain is the organ in the body most vulnerable to the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In this present article, we reviewed the literature focusing mainly on behavioral disturbances related to prenatal ethanol exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a PubMed search on the literature published between 1968 and 2006 using the terms ethanol, pregnancy and behavior. We limited our search to studies on humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data presented in this review suggested that youths with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are at risk of disruptive social behavior, among other neurobehavioral abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although it is still impossible to completely separate brain teratogenesis secondary to alcohol exposure from environmental postnatal influences as the definite cause for these outcomes, the pediatrician should be encouraged to early diagnose children affected by fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. This provides proper management and care and avoids long-term consequences on their behavior, besides ensuring better and productive school and social adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wakana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Momino
authors.forename: Maria Teresa V
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sanseverino
authors.forename: Lavínia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schüler-Faccini