title: Perineal trauma and postpartum perineal morbidity in Asian and non-Asian primiparous women giving birth in Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the postpartum perineal morbidity of primiparous women who had a vaginal birth and compare outcomes between Asian and non-Asian women in the first 2 days following the birth and at 6 and 12 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a randomized clinical trial of a perineal management technique (perineal warm packs) were used to address the study objective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two maternity hospitals in Sydney, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primiparous women who had a vaginal birth in the trial were included (n=697). One third of the women were identified as "Asian."
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-Asian women, Asian women were significantly more likely to have an episiotomy; require perineal suturing; sustain a third- or fourth-degree perineal tear; and report their perineal pain as being moderate to severe on day 1 following the birth. Asian women were less likely to give birth in an upright position or to resume sexual intercourse by 6 or 12 weeks following the birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research is needed into methods that could reduce the high rates of perineal trauma experienced by Asian women, and midwives need to be able to offer appropriate support for Asian women.
authors.affiliation: Royal Hospital for Women and University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. hannahdahlen@optusnet.com.au
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dahlen
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Homer