Management of heart failure with renal artery ischemia.
With improved treatment, patients are surviving longer with impaired ventricular function. Hypertension results in ventricular remodeling in many patients. More than 5 million people have heart failure and are likely to have one or more co-existent diseases associated with aging, one of which is chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal artery stenosis is fraught with varying opinions. Nephrologists, cardiologists, and interventional radiologists all manage these diseases with different strategies. This article outlines renovascular disease as it relates to CKD, the pathophysiology of development of renovascular disease and effects leading to congestive heart failure, treatment modalities, and outcomes of treatment regimens.
Rao
Madhav V
MV
Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. madhav.rao@uchospitals.edu
Murray
Patrick
P
Yancy
Clyde W
CW