title: Significance of cigarette smoking among youths with bipolar disorder.
abstract: Cigarette smoking among adults with bipolar disorder (BP) correlates with psychosis, substance use disorders (SUD), and suicidality. Little is known regarding smoking among youths with BP. Youths with BP (n = 441) were divided into three smoking groups: Never, Ever, and Daily. Twenty-five percent reported any smoking (11% daily, 14% ever). Ever and Daily subjects had significantly greater lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts, physical abuse, conduct disorder, and SUD compared to Never subjects. Daily heavy smokers had greater prevalence of SUD and suicide attempts, and worse depression versus daily light smokers. Smoking among youths with BP is independently associated with suicide attempts and SUD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. goldsteinbi@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Axelson
authors.forename: Tina R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Christianne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Esposito-Smythers
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Strober
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Mary Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyengar
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Neal D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Keller