title: Ethnic disparities in stroke recognition in individuals with prior stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies of stroke awareness suggest that knowledge of early warning signs of stroke is low in high-risk groups. However, little is known about stroke knowledge among individuals with a history of prior stroke who are at significant risk for recurrent stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 2,970 adults with a history of prior stroke from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were examined. Recognition of the five warning signs of stroke and appropriate action to call 911 was compared across three racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic/other. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to: (1) determine the association between race/ethnicity and recognition of multiple stroke signs and appropriate first action and (2) identify independent correlates of recognition of multiple stroke signs and taking appropriate action to seek treatment among individuals with prior stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recognition of all five signs of stroke and taking appropriate action to call 911 was lowest among the non-Hispanic black group (22.3%) and Hispanic/other group (16.7%). In multivariate models, Hispanic/other (odds ratio [OR] 0.42 [0.25, 0.71]), age 50-64 (OR 0.64 [0.43, 0.97]), age > or =65 (OR 0.36 [0.23, 0.55]), and >high school education (OR 1.79 [1.22, 2.63]) emerged as independent correlates of recognition of all five signs of stroke and first action to call 911.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than 35% of people with prior stroke can distinguish the complex symptom profile of a stroke and take appropriate action to call 911. Targeted educational activities that are sensitive to differences in race/ethnicity age, and education levels are needed for individuals with prior stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Leonard E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Egede