title: Clinical course linkage among different priapism subtypes: Dilemma in the management strategies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Priapism is a rare condition whose management differs according to the etiology. We report the clinical course of three forms of priapism to assess the feasibility and safety of recent management strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included eight patients complaining of persistent erection for >/=4 h who were treated in our institution between January 1996 and July 2007.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, we categorized 12 cases of priapism in eight patients divided as follows: five cases of ischemic priapism (IP), three of stuttering priapism (SP), and four of non-ischemic priapism (NIP). Two of five IP patients needed a shunt procedure, which led to the subsequent erectile dysfunction. The other three were treated successfully with a corporal injection of sympathomimetic agents and subsequently suffered from SP. One of the three SP patients suffered from mimicked NIP with increased arterial blood flow during the initial treatment for IP. Four of the NIP patients including the mimicked one achieved complete detumescence, through arterial embolization in two and conservative management in two.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current management seems effective and safe in the short-term. However, the long-term outcome of the treatment for IP is still disappointing. Careful long-term observation is needed for an appropriate management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. hisasue@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hisasue
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masumori
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto