Renal hemodynamic changes in heart failure.
This article describes the complex relationship between the clinical syndrome of heart failure and its effect on renal hemodynamics and function. An overview of the neurohumoral reflexes that are activated in patients with heart failure and the effect of these mechanisms on renal hemodynamics is presented. Understanding these mechanisms will aid clinicians and scientists in optimizing therapies for patients with heart failure.
Blankstein
Ron
R
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Bakris
George L
GL