title: Spinal opioids in postoperative pain relief 1: pharmacology.
abstract: This is a two-part unit on using spinal opioids to manage postoperative pain. Part 1 outlines the pharmacology and adverse effects. For details on spinal anatomy and dose levels, plus a table that outlines the differences between spinal anaesthesia and analgesia, and epidural analgesia, see Portfolio Pages at nursingtimes.net.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowrey
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson