title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and risk of spontaneous deep intracranial hemorrhage in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage (SDICH) in Taiwan using a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 217 SDICH patients and 283 controls were recruited. Associations of ACE A-240T and ACE I/D polymorphisms with SDICH were examined under the additive model and adjusted for gender, age, body mass index, total cholesterol level, smoking history, alcohol use, hypertension, and use of ACE inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), and low cholesterol level increase risk of female SDICH, whereas hypertension, alcohol use, smoking history, family history of SICH, and low cholesterol level are an important risk factor for male SDICH. After adjusting for covariates, only haplotype ACE T-D (OR = 2.7, 95% CI, 1.1-6.5, P = 0.02) was associated with female SDICH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that environmental risk factors play a major role and ACE polymorphisms play a minor role in contributing risk of SDICH in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Y-R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: R-K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lyu
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L-S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Ro
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: S-T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G-J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lee-Chen