title: Optical radiation emissions from compact fluorescent lamps.
abstract: There is a drive to energy efficiency to mitigate climate change. To meet this challenge, the UK Government has proposed phasing out incandescent lamps by the end of 2011 and replacing them with energy efficient fluorescent lighting, including compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) with integrated ballasts. This paper presents a summary of an assessment conducted by the Health Protection Agency in March 2008 to evaluate the optical radiation emissions of CFLs currently available in the UK consumer market. The study concluded that the UV emissions from a significant percentage of the tested CFLs with single envelopes may result in foreseeable overexposure of the skin when these lamps are used in desk or task lighting applications. The optical output of all tested CFLs, in addition to high-frequency modulation, had a 100-Hz envelope with modulation in excess of 15%. This degree of modulation may be linked to a number of adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0RQ, UK. marina.khazova@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazova
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: O'Hagan