title: Promotion of articular cartilage matrix vesicle mineralization by type I collagen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals occur in up to 60% of osteoarthritic joints and predict an increased severity of arthritis. Articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) generate CPPD crystals in the presence of ATP and BCP crystals with added beta-glycerophosphate. While ACVs are present in normal articular cartilage, they mineralize primarily in cartilage from osteoarthritic joints. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that ACV mineralization is regulated by components of the surrounding extracellular matrix.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine ACVs were embedded in agarose gels containing type II and/or type I collagen and/or proteoglycans. Mineralization was measured as (45)Ca accumulation stimulated by ATP or beta-glycerophosphate and reflects both nucleation and growth. Synthetic CPPD and BCP crystals were embedded in similar gels to isolate the effect of matrix components on crystal growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After establishing baseline responsiveness of ACVs to ATP and beta-glycerophosphate in agarose gels, we examined the ability of ATP and beta-glycerophosphate to stimulate mineral formation in gels containing various matrix components. Type II collagen suppressed the ability of ATP to stimulate mineralization, while a combination of type II plus type I collagen increased the effect of ATP and beta-glycerophosphate on mineralization. Type I collagen affected ACV mineralization in a dose-responsive manner. Neither type of collagen significantly affected crystal growth or levels of mineralization-regulating enzymes. Proteoglycans suppressed mineral formation by ACVs in gels containing both type I and type II collagen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cartilage matrix changes that occur with osteoarthritis, such as increased quantities of type I collagen and reduced proteoglycan levels, may promote ACV mineralization.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, and the Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jubeck
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gohr
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahey
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Muth
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirschmugl
authors.forename: Ann K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rosenthal