title: Repair of bone segment defects with surface porous fiber-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite prosthesis: histomorphometric incorporation model and characterization by SEM.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymer technology has provided solutions for filling of bone defects in situations where there may be technical or biological complications with autografts, allografts, and metal prostheses. We present an experimental study on segmental bone defect reconstruction using a polymethylmethacrylate-(PMMA-) based bulk polymer implant prosthesis. We concentrated on osteoconductivity and surface characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A critical size segment defect of the rabbit tibia in 19 animals aged 18-24 weeks was reconstructed with a surface porous glass fiber-reinforced (SPF) prosthesis made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The biomechanical properties of SPF implant material were previously adjusted technically to mimic the properties of normal cortical bone. A plain PMMA implant with no porosity or fiber reinforcement was used as a control. Radiology, histomorphometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for analysis of bone growth into the prosthesis during incorporation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The radiographic and histological incorporation model showed good host bone contact, and strong formation of new bone as double cortex. Histomorphometric evaluation showed that the bone contact index (BCI) at the posterior surface interface was higher with the SPF implant than for the control. The total appositional bone growth over the posterior surface (area %) was also stronger for the SPF implant than for controls. Both bone growth into the porous surface and the BCI results were related to the quality, coverage, and regularity of the microstructure of the porous surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Porous surface structure enhanced appositional bone growth onto the SPF implant. Under load-bearing conditions the implant appears to function like an osteoconductive prosthesis, which enables direct mobilization and rapid return to full weight bearing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland. mikko.hautamaki@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Mikko P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hautamäki
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alander
authors.forename: Jami
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rekola
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gunn
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu