title: Primary hyperparathyroidism in pregnancy: a case series and review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical significance of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy including the maternal, fetal, and neonatal sequelae. Additionally, to discuss treatment options and describe three cases where surgical parathyroidectomy was successful for treatment of hyperparathyroidism refractory to medical management during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed three cases of hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy and reviewed the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three women underwent surgical parathyroidectomy during their second and third trimester of pregnancy without any maternal, fetal, or neonatal complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy may be safely treated with surgical parathyroidectomy if refractory to medical management with low operative risk when performed during the second trimester. This surgical option should be considered in light of the known maternal, fetal, and neonatal risks because of the hypercalcemic state in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California, USA. mttruong@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Mai Thy
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: M Lauren
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lalakea
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friduss