title: Cerebral and autonomic responses to emotional facial expressions in depersonalisation disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depersonalisation disorder is characterised by emotion suppression, but the cerebral mechanisms of this symptom are not yet fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare brain activation and autonomic responses of individuals with the disorder and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Happy and sad emotion expressions in increasing intensities (neutral to intense) were presented in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design with simultaneous measurement of autonomic responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with depersonalisation disorder showed fMRI signal decreases, whereas the control group showed signal increases in response to emotion intensity increases in both happy and sad expressions. The analysis of evoked haemodynamic responses from regions exhibiting functional connectivity between central and autonomic nervous systems indicated that in depersonalisation disorder initial modulations of haemodynamic response occurred significantly earlier (2 s post-stimulus) than in the control group (4-6 s post-stimulus).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that fMRI signal decreases are possible correlates of emotion suppression in depersonalisation disorder.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. e.lemche@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemche
authors.forename: Ananthapadmanabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Giampietro
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brammer
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Surguladze
authors.forename: Natalia S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gasston
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chitnis
authors.forename: Steven C R
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joraschky
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Phillips