title: Existing technologies to reduce specific toxicant emissions in cigarette smoke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The World Health Organization Tobacco Product Regulation (TobReg) study group has proposed emissions level performance standards for nine toxicants (NNN, NNK, acetaldehyde, acrolein, 1,3-butadiene, CO, BaP, benzene and formaldehyde, all expressed as micrograms per milligram nicotine as measured under the Canadian intensive method) in cigarette smoke for parties to the FCTC in conjunction with regular monitoring of emissions of nine other toxicants of interest, nicotine and nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM, or "tar").
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the published literature and publicly available tobacco industry documents to determine the extent to which existing available technologies can be applied to reduce the emissions of the specified toxicants in cigarette smoke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agricultural practices (for example, fertilisers, curing), plant characteristics (for example, protein content, nicotine content), tobacco blending (for example, American blend vs Virginia blend) and cigarette design (for example, additives, filters, paper) issues all have roles in the generation and reduction of specific smoke toxicants. The tobacco industry has explored a number of technologies, including selective filtration, changes to curing practices and rod additives to reduce specific toxicants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technologies exist to reduce the toxicants identified by TobReg. The extent to which the industry is able to simultaneously reduce toxicants, however, is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. Richard.Oconnor@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hurley