title: Endoscopic insertion of cystostomy button for bladder drainage in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to describe a safe and simple minimally invasive technique for insertion of cystostomy buttons for bladder drainage and cycling in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is part of an ongoing prospective study since 2002 looking at our experience with insertion of cystostomy buttons in children. We recently published the results of the use of cystostomy buttons in 17 children inserted by an open technique reporting minor complications of urinary leakage and wound infection. We have modified our practice in the last 2 years to a percutaneous endoscopic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve children (four girls, eight boys) with a mean age of 7.1 years underwent endoscopic insertion of a cystostomy button. Mean follow up was 11 months (3-24 months). There were no complications such as leakage in the endoscopically inserted buttons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Button cystostomy is a safe and effective form of bladder drainage and gives children a less restricted quality of life. Endoscopic technique allows insertion of buttons under vision with good snug fit and no leakage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, St. James University Hospital, Level 4 Gledhow wing, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Ramnath
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subramaniam