title: Double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminases enhance expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins.
abstract: ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on double-stranded RNA) are RNA editing enzymes that catalyze a change from adenosine to inosine, which is then recognized as guanosine by translational machinery. We demonstrate here that overexpression of ADARs but not of an ADAR mutant lacking editing activity could upregulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) structural protein expression and viral production. Knockdown of ADAR1 by RNA silencing inhibited HIV-1 production. Viral RNA harvested from transfected ADAR1-knocked-down cells showed a decrease in the level of unspliced RNA transcripts. Overexpression of ADAR1 induced editing at a specific site in the env gene, and a mutant with the edited sequence was expressed more efficiently than the wild-type viral genome. These data suggested the role of ADAR in modulation of HIV-1 replication. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism in which HIV-1 employs host RNA modification machinery for posttranscriptional regulation of viral protein expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Angsana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phuphuakrat
authors.forename: Romchat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kraiwong
authors.forename: Chompunuch
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boonarkart
authors.forename: Darat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lauhakirti
authors.forename: Tun-Hou
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auewarakul