title: Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry.
abstract: A review about the application of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of analytical methods is presented. The theoretical principles of RSM and steps for its application are described to introduce readers to this multivariate statistical technique. Symmetrical experimental designs (three-level factorial, Box-Behnken, central composite, and Doehlert designs) are compared in terms of characteristics and efficiency. Furthermore, recent references of their uses in analytical chemistry are presented. Multiple response optimization applying desirability functions in RSM and the use of artificial neural networks for modeling are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista s/n, Centro, Niterói/RJ, 24020-150, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Almeida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Ricardo Erthal
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Santelli
authors.forename: Eliane Padua
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Leonardo Silveira
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Luciane Amélia
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Escaleira