title: Prognostic significance of BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical significance of BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) which is a pseudoreceptor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptors and acts as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling and expression aberrantly elevated in colorectal cancers (CRCs). We studied BAMBI expression in CRCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied BAMBI expression in 183 surgically resected CRCs by immunochemical and immunoblotting analyses using a generated monoclonal anti-BAMBI antibody. Commercially available anti-beta-catenin and anti-p53 antibodies were also applied for immunochemical analyses as a comparison control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that BAMBI expression was observed in 148 (80.8%), and strong BAMBI expression was observed in 46% of the CRCs. Strong BAMBI expression was positively correlated with histological type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastases, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05). Clear associations were found between BAMBI and beta-catenin (P = 0.035) and p53 (P = 0.049) expression. In curatively resected CRC, 5-year recurrence-free survival was 51.9% (P = 0.037) for strong BAMBI expression compared to 79.8% for weak BAMBI expression. In the Cox's multivariate analysis, lymph node metastases (RR 6.685; P < 0.001) and depth of invasion (RR 14.0; P = 0.013) were significant indicators for recurrence, and strong BAMBI expression (RR 2.26; P = 0.057) tended to be significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAMBI was linked to a potentially aggressive tumor phenotype and predicted tumor recurrence and cancer-related death in CRC. BAMBI expression might be applicable in the routine clinical setting of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toya
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muroya
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takeyoshi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamazumi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama