title: Idiopathic Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: four additional cases.
abstract: Idiopathic Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (ITHS) is a very rare cause of painful ophthalmoplegia characterized by unilateral orbital pain, ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis and prompt response to steroids. In this paper we report 4 additional cases of ITHS. This rare cause of painful ophthalmoplegia effects the cranial nerves due to a granulomatous lesion of unknown etiology in the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure. The International Headache Society redefined the diagnostic criteria for ITHS but it is still mostly a diagnosis of exclusion. Careful evaluation and follow-up is essential for diagnosis. Optimal therapy duration and dosage and prophylactic treatment in recurrent cases needs further research.
authors.affiliation: Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul. btopcular@gmail.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kirbas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Topcular
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Sakalli N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Karagoz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: Aslan I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kalyoncu