title: Validity of 'post-traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features': a review of the evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence from empirical studies regarding the validity of 'post-traumatic stress disorder with secondary psychotic features' (PTSD-SP) as a separate diagnostic entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a review tracing publications between 1980 and January 2008.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four comparative studies were included. These studies indicate that PTSD-SP is a syndrome that comprises PTSD-symptoms followed in time by the additional appearance of psychotic features. The psychotic features are not confined to episodes of re-experiencing, but remain present continuously. PTSD-SP seems to have some biological features differentiating it from schizophrenia and PTSD, e.g. there are differences in smooth pursuit eye movement patterns, concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently not yet full support for PTSD-SP as a nosological entity. However, the delineation of PTSD-SP from other psychiatric syndromes is notable and biological studies seem to support the validity as a separate diagnostic entity.
authors.affiliation: De Gelderse Roos, Institute of Mental Health Care, Wolfheze, The Netherlands. m.braakman@degelderseroos.nl
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Braakman
authors.forename: F A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kortmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van den Brink