title: Toothache pain: a comparison of visits to physicians, emergency departments and dentists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Researchers' understanding of the use of emergency departments (EDs) and physicians' offices for the treatment of toothaches is limited. The authors conducted a study to explore their use by low-income and minority adults in comparison with the use of traditional dental services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included low-income white, African-American and Hispanic adults who had experienced a toothache during the previous 12 months. A stratified random sample of 4,200 households in Maryland participated in a cross-sectional telephone survey. Trained survey staff completed interviews with someone in 272 (68.3 percent) of 398 eligible households.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 8.7 percent of respondents contacted an ED for toothache pain relief, while 20.1 percent contacted physicians. The majority of respondents who contacted an ED (80.5 percent) or a physician (82.6 percent) also contacted a dentist. Contacts with a dentist were reported by 58.6 percent of respondents. The authors conducted tabular analyses using chi(2) tests of statistical significance (P < .05) and SUDAAN's multivariable logistic regression procedure (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, N.C.) (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respondents experiencing toothache pain ultimately sought definitive resolution of their pain from dentists while visiting EDs and physicians for temporary relief. Access to dentists' services was particularly problematic for Hispanics and was exacerbated by health literacy issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elimination of oral health disparities must involve consideration of cultural influences on minority populations, as well as the responsibilities of the dental profession.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. lacohen@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bonito
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Manski
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Macek
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Llewellyn J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cornelius