title: Gene sequences for cytochromes p450 1A1 and 1A2: the need for biomarker development in sea otters (Enhydra lutris).
abstract: There has been recent public concern regarding the impacts of environmental pollution on populations of otters. Population level impacts have been seen with otter (Lutra lutra) populations in Europe due to polychlorinated biphenyls, and with some segments of the Prince William Sound, AK, sea otter (Enhydra lutris) population following the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Despite public interest in these animals and their ecological significance, there are few tools that allow for the study of otter's response to contaminant exposure. Cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A) performs the first step in metabolizing many xenobiotics, including many polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CYP1A induction is a frequently used biomarker of exposure to these compounds. Despite the potential importance of this gene in ecological risk assessment, the complete coding sequence has not been published for any otter species. This study's objective was to isolate the gene for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in sea otters using a series of PCR-based approaches. The coding sequences from CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 from sea otters were identified and published in GenBank. Both CYP1A sequences are homologous to those obtained from marine mammals and other carnivores. These sequences will be useful as tools for researchers assessing contaminant exposure in mustelid populations.
authors.affiliation: Battelle, Marine Science Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA. Sharon.Hook@pnl.gov
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hook
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Oris
authors.forename: Jack W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Anderson