title: Control pattern of vocal center for vocalization in ruddy bunting (Emberiza rutila).
abstract: High vocal center (HVC) can produce single sound with one or two syllables by the single-type vocal control pattern in songbirds ruddy bunting (Emberiza rutila). It obviously shows left-side dominance in controlling double syllables, principal frequency (PF) and increasing sound intensity of the evoked calls. Meanwhile, the complex-type control pattern can produce complex calls with multisyllable, and also shows significant left-side dominance in controlling the number of syllables, tone changing and sound intensity. These indicate that left-side HVC controls higher frequency and complicated sentence structure. The basic vocal center, dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular complex (DM), controls the monosyllable sound in songbirds, and shows left-side dominance in controlling both the number of syllable and sound intensity. These results not only provide some direct evidence for left-side dominance in high vocal center, but also indicate that there is some internal connection between the high and basic vocal centers in songbirds.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jinchang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li