title: Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux, by exposing the pharynx to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is a potential risk factor for laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Its possible association has been inconsistent. In this case-control study, we investigated the relationship between H. pylori seropositivity and laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma in Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  We had 105 healthy controls (group A), 70 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (group B), and 28 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma group (group C). Age, sex, smoking habit, alcohol use, and H. pylori serology were determined for all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups were matched in age and alcohol use. Smoking and H. pylori seropositivity were more common in groups B and C, and male sex was more common in group B (compared with group A). In multivariate regression, the effect of smoking (p <.01, odds ratio [OR] = 2.92) and H. pylori seropositivity (p <.01, OR = 11.49) remained highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  H. pylori is an independent risk factor for laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. jalalrezaii@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rezaii
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashegh
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasibi
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghanei
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khosh-Batn
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidi