title: Anterocollis: clinical features and treatment options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anterocollis (AC) is a form of cervical dystonia (CD) that produces patterned, repetitive muscle contractions that result in neck flexion. It has been mainly described in the context of parkinsonian movement disorders including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a review of consecutive AC patients seen in our Movement Disorders Clinic over a 15-year period. The diagnosis of AC was based on degree of abnormal neck anteroflexion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 399 CD patients 27 (6.8%) had features of AC. AC was more prevalent in women (67.3%). It was associated with neuroleptic exposure, PD and a family history of movement/neurological disorder. No definite cases with MSA and AC were described in our cohort. Botulinum toxin injections and tetrabenazine produced clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demographic and phenotypic features and treatment outcomes of AC in our cohort were somewhat different from other types of CD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. spapapetropoulos@med.miami.edu <spapapetropoulos@med.miami.edu>
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuchman
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sengun
authors.forename: Angella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitsi
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singer