title: Hippocampal structural changes across the menstrual cycle.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in association with Jacobian-modulated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to test for regional variation in gray matter over the menstrual cycle. T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired using a spoiled gradient recalled acquisition sequence in 21 women. Each subject was scanned twice: once during the postmenstrual late-follicular phase (Days 10-12 after onset of menses), and once during the premenstrual late-luteal phase (1-5 days before the onset of menses). Gray matter was relatively increased in the right anterior hippocampus and relatively decreased in the right dorsal basal ganglia (globus pallidus/putamen) in the postmenstrual phase. Verbal declarative memory was increased in the postmenstrual vs. premenstrual phase. This first report of human brain structural plasticity associated with the endogenous menstrual cycle extends well-established animal findings of hormone-mediated hippocampal plasticity to humans, and has implications for understanding alterations in cognition and behavior across the menstrual cycle.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA. xoprotop@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Xenia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Protopopescu
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Root
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altemus
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polanecsky
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McEwen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silbersweig
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stern