title: Diabetes mellitus and pelvic girdle syndrome in pregnancy--is there an association?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased levels of relaxin, a hormone structurally belonging to the insulin-like growth factor family, has been associated with both pelvic girdle pain and type 1 diabetes in pregnancy. However, an association between pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy and diabetes has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not an association exists between diabetes and pelvic girdle syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional questionnaire study.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women 18-40 years old, in two municipalities in Norway during 1998-1999 were eligible for the study. Sample. A total of 1,816 women with at least one prior delivery constituted the study sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pelvic girdle syndrome during last pregnancy was the outcome variable, defined as pain in the anterior pelvis and bilateral posterior pelvis. The impact of diabetes on developing pelvic girdle syndrome was estimated as odds ratios in logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes increased the risk of pelvic girdle syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 7.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-28.5). In addition, age > or =25 years at delivery and obesity (body mass index > or =35) were associated with pelvic girdle syndrome. Parity and time since delivery were not significantly associated with pelvic girdle syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in multivariate analyses indicate an association between pelvic girdle syndrome and diabetes. The causes of pelvic girdle pain are not known. However, our results encourage further exploration of hormonal factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. megr@fhi.no
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberhard-Gran
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eskild