title: Propofol sedation for endoscopic procedures in patients 90 years of age and older.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are only a few studies on propofol sedation for very elderly patients. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of propofol sedation in patients 90 years of age and older undergoing endoscopic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively assessed endoscopic procedures for patients 90 years of age and older using propofol sedation. Endoscopic procedures, dosage used, respiratory depression, complications and 30-day mortality were evaluated. In a subset of the enrolled patients, the blood concentrations of propofol were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 241 patients completed endoscopic procedures. For esophagogastroduodenoscopy, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, colonoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, the mean propofol doses used were 22, 24, 46 and 42 mg, respectively. Four patients required oxygen and 1 patient was treated by short periods of mask ventilation. There was no perforation, bleeding, pancreatitis or 30-day mortality. In diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, the level of sedation and propofol blood concentrations after administration of propofol (24 +/- 6.8 mg) in patients 90 years of age and older corresponded to those of propofol (61 +/- 13 mg) in middle-aged patients (control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose propofol sedation is safe and may be enough for patients 90 years of age and older undergoing endoscopic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Showa Inan General Hospital, Komagane, Japan. horiuchi.akira@sihp.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichise
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuyama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohmori