title: Hallucinogen use disorders among adult users of MDMA and other hallucinogens.
abstract: We investigated the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of past-year DSM-IV hallucinogen use disorders (HUDs) among past-year users of MDMA and other hallucinogens from a sample of Americans 18 or older (n = 37,227). Users were categorized as MDMA users and other hallucinogen users. Overall, one in five (20%) MDMA users and about one in six (16%) other hallucinogen users reported at least one clinical feature of HUDs. Among MDMA users, prevalence of hallucinogen abuse, subthreshold dependence, and dependence was 4.9%, 11.9%, and 3.6%, respectively. The majority with hallucinogen abuse displayed subthreshold dependence. Most with hallucinogen dependence exhibited abuse. Subthreshold hallucinogen dependence is relatively prevalent and represents a clinically important subgroup that warrants future research and consideration in a major diagnostic classification system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. litzy.wu@duke.edu
authors.forename: Li-Tzy
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ringwalt
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mannelli
authors.forename: Ashwin A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Patkar