title: Effects of personal characteristics on serum CA125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in healthy postmenopausal women at high-risk for ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate if serum levels of candidate ovarian cancer biomarkers vary with individual characteristics of healthy women who are likely candidates for an ovarian cancer screening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed serum CA125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in a sample of 155 healthy postmenopausal women at increased risk for developing ovarian cancer based on personal and family cancer history. Information on reproductive, family and medical histories, lifestyle factors, and anthropometry was collected by self-report. Twenty-two factors were examined using univariate and multiple linear regression models for the three biomarker levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate models, CA125 levels were significantly higher in women who had used talcum powder (P = 0.02) and were lower in women who were parous (P = 0.05). Mesothelin levels were significantly higher in older women (P = 0.01) and lower in heavier women (P = 0.03). HE4 levels were higher in older women (P = 0.001) and in women who began menstruating at an older age (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA125, mesothelin, and HE4 levels in healthy, postmenopausal women at increased risk for ovarian cancer are significantly associated with a few ovarian cancer risk factors. Since the effects of these personal characteristics on these serum markers are not large, their incorporation in screening algorithms may be unnecessary. This is true especially if a longitudinal algorithm is used because the marker level at the previous screen reflects personal characteristics such as age, body mass index, and age of menarche. Understanding the influence of personal factors on levels of novel early detection markers in healthy, unaffected women may have clinical utility in interpreting biomarker levels.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. kalowe@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Garnet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: M Robyn
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scholler
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergan
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Charles W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Drescher