title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis of biapenem in adult patients: a dosing strategy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment analysis to build a dosing strategy for biapenem in adult patients has not been conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 321 plasma concentration samples from 68 adult patients (1-6 samples per patient) were assayed biologically and chromatographically, and used for a population PK modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the probability of attaining the PK-PD target (40% of the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The population PK model was based on the standard two-compartment model, and creatinine clearance (Cl(cr)) was the most significant covariate that affected the drug clearance. The Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated that the dosages up to 600 mg Q12H (0.5-h infusions) achieved a PK-PD target attainment probability of > or =90%, which varied with Cl(cr) of the patient and susceptibility of the tested bacterium; however, higher dosage with prolonged infusion time (600 mg Q8H, 3 h infusion) was required for a high probability against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae isolates in the case of Cl(cr) = 90 ml/min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide guidance for constructing a PK-PD-based strategy for tailoring biapenem regimens in adult patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. ikawak@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikawa
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohge
authors.forename: Taijiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sueda
authors.forename: Hidemichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwabara