title: An intervention to improve postpartum outcomes in African-American mothers: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of an integrated multiple risk intervention, delivered mainly during pregnancy, in reducing such risks (cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression, and intimate partner violence) postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from this randomized controlled trial were collected prenatally and on average 10 weeks postpartum in six prenatal care sites in the District of Columbia. African Americans were screened, recruited, and randomly assigned to the behavioral intervention or usual care. Clinic-based, individually tailored counseling was delivered to intervention women. The outcome measures were number of risks reported postpartum and reduction of these risks between baseline and postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention was effective in significantly reducing the number of risks reported in the postpartum period. In bivariate analyses, the intervention group was more successful in resolving all risks (47% compared with 35%, P=.007, number needed to treat=9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5-31) and in resolving some risks (63% compared with 54%, P=.009, number needed to treat=11, 95% CI 7-43) as compared with the usual care group. In logistic regression analyses, women in the intervention group were more likely to resolve all risks (odds ratio 1.86, 95% CI 1.25-2.75, number needed to treat=7, 95% CI 4-19) and resolve at least one risk (odds ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.15-2.22, number needed to treat=9, 95% CI 6-29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An integrated multiple risk factor intervention addressing psychosocial and behavioral risks delivered mainly during pregnancy can have beneficial effects in risk reduction postpartum.
authors.affiliation: George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. sphaxe@gwumc.edu
authors.forename: Ayman A E
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El-Mohandes
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiely
authors.forename: Jill G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Siva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Allan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Marie G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gantz
authors.forename: M Nabil
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: El-Khorazaty