title: Comparative study of dose distribution between carbon ion radiotherapy and photon radiotherapy for head and neck tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comparative treatment planning study has been performed between carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and photon radiotherapy [three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)] to assess the potential improvements and limitations that could result for locally advanced, nonresectable head and neck tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients, originally treated with CIRT, were randomly selected for the comparative study. The evaluations analyzed using dose-volume histogram parameters, conformity index, inhomogeneity coefficient, and dose to the organs at risk (OARs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean conformity index was 1.46, 1.43, and 1.22 for 3D-CRT, IMRT, and CIRT, respectively. The mean inhomogeneity coefficient was 0.05, 0.07, and 0.02 for 3D-CRT, IMRT, and CIRT respectively. Photon plans resulted in greater volumes of normal tissues at 10% to 95% isodose levels compared with the corresponding carbon ion plans where the volumes increased by a factor of 1.2 to 2.7 for 3D-CRT and 1.2 to 2.0 for IMRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIRT has the potential to improve the target dose conformity, inhomogeneity coefficient, and OAR sparing when compared with 3D-CRT and IMRT. Compared with 3D-CRT, normal tissue exposure was reduced mainly in the mid-to low-isodose levels using IMRT. Additional improvement was obtained using CIRT.
authors.affiliation: RNPD, INST, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh. liton80m@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amirul Islam
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.forename: Jun-Etsu
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mizoe
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii