Use of antiemetic agents in acute gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether taking antiemetic drugs reduces vomiting and decreases the need for further intervention in children with gastroenteritis without causing significant adverse effects.


METHODS
Computerized databases, reference lists, and expert recommendations.


METHODS
Prospective controlled trials evaluating medication use in children with vomiting from gastroenteritis.


METHODS
Antiemetic drug therapy.


METHODS
Emesis cessation, use of intravenous fluid for rehydration, hospital admission, return to care, and medication adverse effects.


RESULTS
The 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria evaluated various antiemetic agents: ondansetron (n = 6), domperidone (n = 2), trimethobenzamide (n = 2), pyrilamine-pentobarbital (n = 2), metoclopramide (n = 2), dexamethasone (n = 1), and promethazine (n = 1). Meta-analysis of 6 randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trials of ondansetron demonstrated decreased risk of further vomiting (5 studies; relative risk [RR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.62; number needed to treat [NNT] = 5), reduced need for intravenous fluid (4 studies; RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28-0.62; NNT = 5), and decreased risk of immediate hospital admission (5 studies; RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95; NNT = 14). Diarrheal episodes increased in ondansetron-treated patients in 3 studies. Ondansetron use did not significantly affect return to care (5 studies; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.77-2.35).


CONCLUSIONS
Ondansetron therapy decreases the risk of persistent vomiting, the use of intravenous fluid, and hospital admissions in children with vomiting due to gastroenteritis. Future treatment guidelines should incorporate ondansetron therapy for select children with gastroenteritis.
DeCamp
Lisa Ross
LR
Pediatric Education Office, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Campus Box 7593, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. lcr7n@alumni.virginia.edu
Byerley
Julie S
JS
Doshi
Nipa
N
Steiner
Michael J
MJ