Minimally invasive management of upper tract malignancies: renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma.
This article focuses on the laparoscopic approaches to radical and partial nephrectomy for the managment of renal cell carcinoma and on the laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches for treating upper tract urothelial carcimoma. An in-depth discussion of treatment for transitional cell carcinoma is also presented.
Box
Geoffrey N
GN
Department of Urology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 2100, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
Lehman
Daniel S
DS
Landman
Jaime
J
Clayman
Ralph V
RV