Perioperative echocardiography: two-dimensional and three-dimensional applications.
Perioperative echocardiography is an essential skill for today's cardiac anesthesiologist and a driving force for innovation and accomplishment for the future of the subspecialty. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3-D TEE) will dominate the future practice of perioperative echocardiography, but transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) will grow in application, as will contrast echocardiography. Hand-held ultrasonongraphs will rival current machines in capabilities and make it possible for TTE to become the stethoscope of the future for cardiac anesthesiologists.
Yeates
Tyler M
TM
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2304, USA.
Zimmerman
Joshua M
JM
Cahalan
Michael K
MK