title: Altered frontostriatal coupling in pre-manifest Huntington's disease: effects of increasing cognitive load.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested a dysfunction of prefrontal regions in clinically pre-symptomatic individuals with the Huntington's disease (HD) gene mutation (pre-HD) during cognitive processing. The objective of this study was to test the impact of cognitive demand on prefrontal connectivity in pre-HD individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen healthy controls and sixteen pre-HD subjects were studied using functional MRI and a verbal working memory task with increasing cognitive load. Load-dependent functional connectivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was investigated by means of psychophysiological interactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pre-HD subjects, aberrant functional connectivity of the left DLPFC was found at high working memory load levels only. Compared with healthy controls, pre-HD individuals exhibited lower connectivity strength in the left putamen, the right anterior cingulate and the left medial prefrontal cortex. Pre-HD individuals close to the onset of motor symptoms additionally exhibited lower connectivity strength in the right putamen and the left superior frontal cortex. The connectivity strength in the left putamen was associated with several clinical measures including CAG repeat length, Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale motor score and predicted years to manifest symptom onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that early prefrontal connectivity abnormalities in pre-HD individuals are modulated by cognitive demand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. christian.wolf@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sambataro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schönfeldt-Lecuona
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Landwehrmeyer