title: [Arsenic trioxide combined with buthionine sulfoximine enhances apoptosis in multidrug-resistant human leukemia K562/ADM cells in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the apoptosis-inhancing effect of the combination of arsenic trioxide (As2O3 ) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on multidrug-resistant human leukemic K562/ADM cells, to compare the effect of As2O3 alone and As2O3 combined with BSO and As2O3 alone, and to determine the effect of intracellular GSH content on this treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  As2O3 was used in a dose of 0.5 micromol/L, 2.0 micromol/L and 5.0 micromol/L, respectively, and BSO was used in a dose of 100 micromol/L in the culture of multidrug-resistant human leukenic K562/ADM cells. The cell proliferation activity was assessed with MTT assay. The cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Intracellular GSH content was measured using glutathione assay kit by spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the GSH contents were reduced by the combination of arsenic in clinic dose (0.5, 2 micromol/L) and BSO (100 micromol/L), respectively, the K562/ADM cell proliferation activity was obviously inhibited and the cell apoptosis-inducing effect was advanced in 24 hours. In 48 and 72 hours, the effect of the combination group (clinic dose arsenic group) was significantly stronger than that of clinic dose arsenic alone group and the high dose arsenic alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cell apoptosis-inducing effect of arsenic in combination of BSO on multidrug resistant human leukemia K562/ADM cells is significantly enhanced in comparison with that of arsenic alone. The reduction of intracellular glutathione content is closely correlated with this apoptosis-enhancing effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hua-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhen-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Qiao