title: Effects of the AMPA receptor modulator S 18986 on measures of cognition and oxidative stress in aged rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of cognitive-enhancing drugs that delay or halt mild cognitive impairment progression to Alzheimer's disease would be of great benefit.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the ability of (S)-2,3-dihydro-[3,4]-cyclopentano-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (S 18986), a positive allosteric modulator of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, to improve behavioral performance and alleviate age-related deficits in oxidative stress status in the prelimbic cortex and hippocampus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily administration of S 18986 (0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle was given to separate groups of male rats starting at 12 months of age. Additionally, daily vehicle administration was given to a group of rats starting at 3 months of age. Four months after initiation of drug administration, rats were trained and tested in an operant-delayed alternation task and a reinforcer devaluation task. Upon completion of testing, oxidative stress status was assessed in the prelimbic cortex and hippocampus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S 18986 dose-dependently altered responses in the reinforcer devaluation task such that aged rats came to resemble young rats. There were no age or drug effects in the operant-delayed alternation task. Levels of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) were increased, and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were decreased in prelimbic cortex in aged rats, changes that were reversed by S 18986. Similarly, age-related increases in hippocampal HNE levels were prevented by S 18986.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive modulation of AMPA receptor activity may be a therapeutic approach to halt or slow progression of mild cognitive impairment via improvement in oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and prelimbic cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Piroli
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Reagan