title: Effects of butter naturally enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid on blood lipids and LDL particle size in growing pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cow milk is a natural source of the cis 9, trans 11 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) and trans vaccenic acid (VA). These fatty acids may be considered as functional foods, and the concentration in milk can be increased by e.g. sunflower oil supplementation to the dairy cow feed. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of regular butter with a special butter naturally enriched in c9,t11-CLA and VA on plasma lipids in female growing pigs. The experimental period lasted for three weeks and the two diets provided daily either 5.0 g c9,t11-CLA plus 15.1 g VA or 1.3 g c9,t11-CLA plus 3.6 g VA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum concentrations of c9,t11-CLA, VA and alpha-linolenic acid were increased and myristic (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) were reduced in the pigs fed the CLA+VA-rich butter-diet compared to regular butter, but no differences in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL particle size distribution or total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol were observed among the two dietary treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growing pigs fed diets containing butter naturally enriched in about 20 g c9,t11-CLA plus VA daily for three weeks, had increased serum concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid and decreased myristic and palmitic acid compared to pigs fed regular butter, implying a potential benefit of the CLA+VA butter on serum fatty acid composition. Butter enriched in CLA+VA does not appear to have significant effect on the plasma lipoprotein profile in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway. anna.haug@umb.no
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sjøgren
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hølland
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Nils P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kjos
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taugbøl
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fjerdingby
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Biong
authors.forename: Eirik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selmer-Olsen
authors.forename: Odd M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Harstad