title: Treatment of severe agitation with olanzapine in 166 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, or bipolar I disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agitation is a common phenomenon in schizophrenia or acute mania. Because of the inability of patients to give informed consent in such situations, data from consenting studies are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational prospective 5-day study evaluated the effectiveness of olanzapine in a sample of highly agitated patients with aggression. Primary endpoint was mean change of the PANSS-Excited Component (PANSS-EC) score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PANSS-EC score at baseline was 25.5 points, 60.2% were severely agitated and 41.6% severely aggressive. A significant decrease in PANSS-EC total score (-13.3 points) was observed with rapid dose escalation and an average daily dose of 21.2 mg/day of olanzapine. 40 patients (24.1%) required treatment with another antipsychotic and 21 patients (12.7%) were not treated with olanzapine at day 5. At endpoint, 64.2% of patients were in remission of agitation. PANSS-EC reduction was not significantly different in patients with or without concurrent benzodiazepine use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe agitation with aggression may be well controlled with olanzapine in many cases, possibly by higher initial and overall doses of olanzapine. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Early Detection and Intervention Centre (PEDIC), Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. lambert@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hundemer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karow
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Schimmelmann