title: Gender-related differences in cataract surgery outcome: a 5-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study was performed to analyse gender-related differences in subjective and objective visual function 5 years after cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (n = 810) who underwent cataract surgery during a 1-year period (1997-98) at Norrlands University Hospital in Umeå, Sweden, were studied with visual acuity (VA) data and questionnaires (VF-14) before and after surgery, as well as 5 years later. Five hundred and thirty patients (177 men, 353 women) answered the questionnaire, constituting 90% (530/590) of the survivors. Four hundred and sixty-seven (156 men, 311 women) also underwent an eye examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women were significantly older (P = 0.009) and were more often operated on both eyes (P = 0.005). Before surgery and postoperatively, the women had a significantly lower age- and VA-adjusted VF-14 score (P = 0.000 and P = 0.036, respectively). This difference was not significant 5 years after surgery (P = 0.16). Five years after surgery, a significantly larger proportion of women had a decline of more than 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution of the better-seeing eye (P = 0.013). There were no significant gender-related differences in the operated eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female cataract surgery patients assess their visual function worse than males after adjustment for age and VA preoperatively and postoperatively. These differences were not significant 5 years after surgery although the men had better best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of their better eye. It is important to be aware of gender-related differences in perception when performing questionnaire-based outcome studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology, Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. britta.lundqvist@vll.se
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mönestam