title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of periadventitial vasa vasorum in human carotid arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial vasa vasorum (VV) are known to be involved in the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the present study was to explore whether ultrasound imaging with contrast agent is able to visualize adventitial VV in human carotid atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied with standard ultrasound 25 patients with carotid stenosis >50% (ATS group) and 15 patients without carotid artery plaques and an intima-media thickness (IMT) <1.0 mm (CTRL group). All patients underwent contrast ultrasound to evaluate periadventitial VV and B-flow imaging (BFI) modality was used to improve and measure periadventitial flow signal. On contrast-enhanced images, a fast microbubble flow and a homogeneous and linear periadventitial contrast signal using BFI were detectable in the adventitial area in all patients of both groups. Periadventitial signal thickness by BFI was higher in patients with atherosclerosis than in the control group (mean +/- SD: CTRL 0.80+/-0.06 mm; ATS 1.10+/-0.11 mm; P<0.001). Moreover, considering the whole study population, the adventitial signal thickness significantly correlated with IMT values (r=0.88, r(2)=0.77; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periadventitial contrast signal was detected in all patients and BFI thickness was higher in patient with carotid atherosclerosis and correlated with IMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Diseases, University Vita-Salute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. magnoni.marco@hsr.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnoni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coli
authors.forename: Massimiliano M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Marrocco-Trischitta
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melisurgo
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Dominicis
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cianflone
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Steve B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maseri