title: Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, tracheo-esophageal fistula presenting with endotracheal intubation in post-cesarean period: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The non-malignant, acquired tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF), resulting from tracheal intubation are usually iatrogenic lesions. Tracheal lesions resulting from intubation may occur and pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax or subcutaneous emphysema may develop due to the stream of air.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a-39-year old, Caucasian patient, developing severe hypoxia fallowing cesarean section under general anesthesia. The findings of the patient were diffuse subcutaneous emphysema; together with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum TEF was diagnosed in the patient by bronchoscopy and eusophagoscopy performed due to cough and difficulty in swallowing developing after extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to the clinicians to be aware of the TEF can be accompanied to the traumatic intubation and urgent endoscopy or water-soluble contrast radiography may be prudent.
authors.affiliation: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kahramanmaras, Turkey. drhoksuz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksuz
authors.forename: Nimet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senoglu
authors.forename: Beyazýt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zencirci
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezberci
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yuzbasioglu