title: Activation of somatostatin receptors in the globus pallidus increases rat locomotor activity and dopamine release in the striatum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatostatin and its receptors have been localized in brain nuclei implicated in motor control, such as the striatum, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and globus pallidus (GP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate the role of somatostatin receptors (sst(1,2,4)) in the GP on dopamine (DA)-mediated behaviors, such as locomotor activity, and to examine the GP-striatum circuitry by correlating the effect of somatostatin in the GP with the release of DA in the striatum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals received saline, somatostatin (60, 120, 240 ng/0.5 microl per side) or the following selective ligands: L-797,591 (sst(1) analog, 60, 120, 240 ng/0.5 microl per side), L-779,976 (sst(2) analog, 120, 240, 480 ng/0.5 microl per side), L-803,087 (sst(4) analog; 120, 240, 480 ng/0.5 microl per side), L-796,778 (sst(3) analog, 240 ng/0.5 microl per side), SRA-880 (sst(1) selective antagonist + somatostatin, 120 ng/0.5 microl per side), CYN154806 (sst(2) selective antagonist + somatostatin, 120 ng/0.5 microl per side) bilaterally in the GP of the rat. Locomotor activity was measured for 60 min. The effect of somatostatin, administered intrapallidally, on the extracellular concentrations of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid in the striatum was also studied in the behaving rat using in vivo microdialysis methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatostatin increased the locomotor activity of the rat in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was mediated by activation of the sst(1), sst(2), and sst(4) receptors. Selective sst agonists increased locomotor activity in a statistical significant manner, while selective sst(1) and sst(2) antagonists reversed the somatostatin-mediated locomotor activity to control levels. DA levels increased in the striatum after intrapallidal infusion of somatostatin (240 ng/side).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide behavioral and neurochemical evidence of the functional role of somatostatin receptors in the GP-striatum circuitry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marazioti
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pitychoutis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou-Daifoti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spyraki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thermos