title: Active support: a critical review and commentary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Active Support (AS) is an approach for promoting increased engagement in activities by people with intellectual disability (ID).
  
  
  METHODS
  We critically reviewed the available research on AS, and added a commentary to help guide future research and practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite weaknesses in the research design of some studies, there is consistent evidence that AS results in increased engagement in activities. There is also some limited evidence of other beneficial outcomes. All published research to date has involved people with ID in community group homes with 24-hour staffing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established efficacy of AS for increasing engagement means that research attention can now be given to: (a) developing AS to enhance its positive impact on outcomes such as choice and relationships; (b) exploring the wider implementation of AS beyond community group homes and people with ID; and (c) examining the effectiveness of wide-scale implementation of AS, with careful attention to issues such as management, organisational and staffing factors, and cost.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. r.stancliffe@usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stancliffe
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lowe