title: Integrating systematic chronic care for diabetes into an academic general internal medicine resident-faculty practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quality of care for diabetes continues to fall short of recommended guidelines and results. Models for improving the care of chronic illnesses advocate a multidisciplinary team approach. Yet little is known about the effectiveness of such models in an academic setting with a diverse patient population and resident physicians participating in clinical care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To implement a chronic illness management (CIM) practice within an academic setting with part-time providers, and evaluate its impact on the completion of diabetes-specific care processes and on the achievement of recommended outcomes for patients with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who receive their primary care in an academic general internal medicine resident-faculty practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Process and outcomes measures in patients exposed to the CIM practice were compared with non-exposed patients receiving usual care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and sixty-five patients met inclusion criteria. Patients in the CIM practice experienced a significant increase in completion of care processes compared to control patients for measurement of annual low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.7-5.7), urine microalbumin (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.1-5.5), blood pressure (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), retinal examination (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-2.7), foot monofilament examination (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.0-6.1) and administration of pneumococcal vaccination (OR 5.2, 95% CI 3.0-9.3). CIM-exposed patients were also more likely to achieve improvements in clinical outcomes of glycemic and blood pressure control reflected by hemoglobin A1c less than 7.0% (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.02-3) and blood pressure less than 130/80 (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-4.5) compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A systematic chronic care model can be successfully integrated into an academic general internal medicine practice and may result in improved processes of care and some clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. This study provides a model for further hypothesis generation and more rigorous testing of the quality benefits of structured chronic illness care in diverse outpatient practices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239-0398, USA. dipieroa@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DiPiero
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dorr
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kelso
authors.forename: Judith L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bowen