title: Transient congenital hypothyroidism caused by biallelic mutations of the dual oxidase 2 gene in Japanese patients detected by a neonatal screening program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in dual oxidase (DUOX2) have been proposed as a cause of congenital hypothyroidism. Previous reports suggest that biallelic mutations of DUOX2 cause permanent congenital hypothyroidism and that monoallelic mutations cause transient congenital hypothyroidism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the inheritance of hypothyroidism, we looked at the DUOX2 gene in patients with transient congenital hypothyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  DUOX2, thyroid peroxidase, Na+/I- symporter and dual oxidase maturation factor 2 genes were analyzed in eight patients with transient congenital hypothyroidism, using the PCR-amplified direct sequencing method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The eight patients were found by a neonatal screening program. Six of these patients belonged to two independent families; the other two were unrelated. Their serum TSH values varied from 24.8-233.0 mU/liter. Six of the eight patients had a low serum freeT4 level (0.19-0.84 ng/dl). Seven of the eight patients were treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, which ceased to be necessary by 9 yr of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight novel mutations were detected in the DUOX2 gene. Four patients in one family were compound heterozygous for p.L479SfsX2 and p.K628RfsX10. Two patients in a second family were compound heterozygous for p.K530X and p.[E876K;L1067S]. The two remaining unrelated patients were also compound heterozygous, for p.H678R/p.L1067S and p.A649E/p.R885Q, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All eight patients had biallelic mutations in the DUOX2 gene. We find that loss of DUOX2 activity results in transient congenital hypothyroidism and that transient congenital hypothyroidism caused by DUOX2 mutations is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan. maruo@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruo
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ikumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soeda
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikura
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Asami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi