title: Probing force-induced unfolding intermediates of a single staphylococcal nuclease molecule and the effect of ligand binding.
abstract: Single-molecule manipulation techniques have given experimental access to unfolding intermediates of proteins that are inaccessible in conventional experiments. A detailed characterization of the intermediates is a challenging problem that provides new possibilities for directly probing the energy landscape of proteins. We investigated single-molecule mechanical unfolding of a small globular protein, staphylococcal nuclease (SNase), using atomic force microscopy. The unfolding trajectories of the protein displayed sub-molecular and stochastic behavior with typical lengths corresponding to the size of the unfolded substructures. Our results support the view that the single protein unfolds along multiple pathways as suggested in recent theoretical studies. Moreover, we found the drastic change, caused by the ligand and inhibitor bindings, in the mechanical unfolding dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. takaaki@daisy.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: Atsuto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katano
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuwajima
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sano