title: Current use of antiretroviral treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection has transformed it from a terminal illness to a chronic manageable condition. This review summarizes the history of the treatment and explains the current practice in the field, including uses in prevention strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  National and international guidelines, important publications in peer reviewed literature and recent important conference abstracts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a broad agreement on the choice of drug regimens and on the need to treat patients with symptomatic HIV infection and with CD4 cell counts less than 350 cells/mm(3). The need to adapt therapy to individual circumstances is also well accepted, e.g. hepatitis co-infection and pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment of acute HIV infection and the optimum time to commence therapy in asymptomatic chronic infection remain controversial. Use of antiretrovirals for prevention, e.g. pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis, is still developing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article summarizes the current use of anti-HIV medication and the evidence behind it for the non-specialist.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New strategies for using current drugs, the best use of newly available drugs and new uses of antiretroviral drugs, such as in prevention of HIV transmission, are key areas for research. Further research addressing the question of when to start antiretrovirals and assessing their long-term effects is also needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Health and HIV, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, UK. angebailey@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher