title: Independent and combined effect of nutrition and exercise on bone mass development.
abstract: Food intake provides the necessary components for adequate metabolic functions in bone. Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, magnesium, proteins, and fluoride are some of the most important nutrients in this regard. These have different effects on bone mass. Additionally, exercise has been shown to elicit osteogenic responses in bone development; indeed, it seems to potentiate, for example, the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mass. However, the nutrition-exercise-bone mass relationship is complex and needs further in-depth investigation. As a first step, therefore, we reviewed current knowledge about the role of nutrition on the development of bone tissue and how physical activity affects the nutrient-bone relationship.
authors.affiliation: University School of Health Science and Pediatrics Department, HELENA Study Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Corona de Aragón 42, Zaragoza, Spain. gervicen@unizar.es
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ezquerra
authors.forename: María Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mesana
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alvira
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rey-López
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casajus
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno