title: Cutting edge: programmed death-1 up-regulation is involved in the attrition of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute self-limited hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: Attrition of heterologous virus-specific CD8(+) T cells has been demonstrated in murine viral infection; however, little is known regarding this phenomenon in human viral infections. In this study, we observed that CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells displayed numerical decline and functional impairment in the early phase of acute infection, whereas programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression was significantly up-regulated by these CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. This early PD-1 up-regulation was found to be closely associated with the increased apoptotic sensitivity of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. The in vitro addition of anti-PD-1 further enhanced the spontaneous apoptosis of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells; however, blockade of the PD-1-mediated pathway with anti-PD-L1 significantly restored the CMV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Thus, PD-1 plays a crucial role in the attrition of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells in acute hepatitis B virus infection, which in turn, influences the preexisting homeostatic virus-specific CD8(+) T cell pool.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shu-Ye
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chun-Bao
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jun-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Fu-Sheng
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Wang