title: Simplified technique of human ovarian tissue freezing: quick cooling from -36 degree C.
abstract: Standard protocol of freezing of human ovarian tissue presupposes the very slow cooling (-0.3 C/min) from auto-seeding to -40 C, then slow cooling (-10 C/min) to -140 C and then direct plunging into liquid nitrogen. The aim of this investigation was to compare the -10 C/min cooling rate of human ovarian tissue from -40 C to -140 C with the -220 C/min cooling rate (direct plunging into liquid nitrogen) from -36 degree C. After post-thawing in vitro culture of tissue, hormonal activity as well as follicle viability was evaluated. After culture of fresh tissue pieces (Group 1), pieces after freezing and thawing with slow cooling (-10 C/min) from -40 C (Group 2) and pieces after freezing and thawing with direct plunging into liquid nitrogen (-220 C/min) from -36 C (Group 3), the supernatants showed estradiol 17-ss concentrations of 481, 441 and 459 pg per ml, respectively, and progesterone concentrations of 9.05, 5.06, 4.87 ng per ml, respectively. It is concluded that 94, 96, and 98 percent follicles for Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively, were normal. Technique of human ovarian tissue cryopreservation with very slow cooling to -36 C and then direct plunging into liquid nitrogen with -220 C/min cooling rate is tolerated without apparent detriment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. v.isachenko@yahoo.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isachenko
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isachenko
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reinsberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montag
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van der Ven