title: Multiple muscular anomalies of upper extremity: a cadaveric study.
abstract: During routine cadaveric dissection, we encountered multiple muscular anomalies in a 58-year-old embalmed male cadaver. All the variations were encountered on the flexor compartment of right upper limb. The anomalies include an axillary arch (Aa) in the axilla, a third head of biceps brachii (Thb) in the arm, a reverse palmaris longus (Rpl) and a Gantzer's muscle (Gm) in the forearm and an unusually large palmaris brevis muscle (Pbm) in the palm. Anatomical description is achieved by measuring the length, width and attachments of the above-mentioned variants. The morphological and clinical significance of the anomalous muscles are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Centre for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Bejai, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. ranjanbhatana@gmail.com
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Lakshmi A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: Latha V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: C Ganesh
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Dinit K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joy