title: Retrospective study of 116 patients with non-organic voice disorders: efficacy of mental imagery and laryngeal shaking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the short- and long-term results of two techniques (mental imagery and manual shaking of the larynx) in patients with non-organic dysphonia or aphonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of patient records, plus follow-up survey (questionnaire).
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixteen patients with moderate to severe non-organic dysphonia or aphonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cure (i.e. normal voice) and improved voice quality, judged by clinicians and patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred (86 per cent) of the 116 patients were cured. Ninety-four (81 per cent) patients regained their normal voice within one therapy session. The follow-up survey revealed that 43 of the 87 (49 per cent) patients who responded had not had a relapse since therapy ended. Of those patients suffering relapse, 15 successfully applied mental imagery in order to retrieve their voice, compared with three patients who applied shaking of the larynx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental imagery, combined if necessary with manual therapy, is an effective therapeutic technique in patients with non-organic voice disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Voerman
authors.forename: A P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Langeveld
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Rossum