title: Characteristic sequence motifs located at the genomic breakpoints of the translocation t(12;16) and t(12;22) in myxoid liposarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the characteristic sequence motifs around genomic breakpoints of translocations, t(12;16) and t(12;22), and to study the mechanisms underlying these chromosomal translocations in myxoid liposarcomas (MLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA sequences derived from t(12;16) and t(12;22) were amplified by long-distance polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in six cases of MLS, and the DNA sequences around the breakpoints were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genomic sequences of the FUS-CHOP or EWS-CHOP fusion gene were amplified in five and one MLS, respectively. Our sequence analysis revealed that the gene fusions were generated between intron 1 of the CHOP and either intron 5 (type II) or 7 (type I), or 8 (type III) of the FUS, or intron 7 of the EWS. The breakpoints in intron 1 of the CHOP were located near or within Alu repetitive sequences in the six cases. Sequences homologous to consensus recognition motifs of Translin were present adjacent to the breakpoints in the FUS, EWS, and CHOP genes. Sequences homologous to the topoisomerase II consensus site and palindromic oligomer sequences were also frequently found around the breakpoints in these genes. Moreover, Chi or Chi-like sequences were found in three cases, alternating purine-pyrimidine tracts and polyadenine/polythymine sequences were each found in one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that characteristic sequence motifs located at the FUS, EWS and CHOP breakpoint regions, including Alu and palindromic oligomer sequences, are involved in the mechanisms creating chromosomal translocations in MLS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou. xianghua820@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hisaoka
authors.forename: Xiongzeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu