title: Off-label psychopharmacologic prescribing for children: history supports close clinical monitoring.
abstract: The review presents pediatric adverse drug events from a historical perspective and focuses on selected safety issues associated with off-label use of medications for the psychiatric treatment of youth. Clinical monitoring procedures for major psychotropic drug classes are reviewed. Prior studies suggest that systematic treatment monitoring is warranted so as to both minimize risk of unexpected adverse events and exposures to ineffective treatments. Clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of drugs currently being used off-label in the pediatric population are needed. In the meantime, clinicians should consider the existing evidence-base for these drugs and institute close clinical monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. jzito@rx.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Albert T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Derivan
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kratochvil
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Safer
authors.forename: Joerg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fegert
authors.forename: Laurence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Greenhill
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