Contribution of energy restriction and macronutrient composition to changes in adipose tissue gene expression during dietary weight-loss programs in obese women.
BACKGROUND
Hypoenergetic diets are used to reduce body fat mass and metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. The molecular changes in adipose tissue associated with weight loss and specifically related to the dietary composition are poorly understood.


OBJECTIVE
We investigated adipose tissue gene expression from human obese women according to energy deficit and the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet.


METHODS
Obese subjects recruited among eight European clinical centers were followed up 10 wk of either a low-fat (high carbohydrate) or a moderate-fat (low carbohydrate) hypoenergetic diet.


METHODS
Two sets of 47 women in each dietary arm were selected among 648 subjects matched for anthropometric and biological parameters.


METHODS
We measured adipose tissue gene expression changes in one set using a candidate gene approach. The other set was used to survey 24,469 transcripts using DNA microarrays. Results were analyzed using dedicated statistical methods. Diet-sensitive regulations were confirmed on the other set of subjects.


RESULTS
The two diets induced similar weight loss and similar changes for most of the biological variables except for components of the blood lipid profile. One thousand genes were regulated by energy restriction. We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.


CONCLUSIONS
Energy restriction had a more pronounced impact on variations in human adipose tissue gene expression than macronutrient composition. The macronutrient-sensitive regulation of a subset of genes may influence adipose tissue function and metabolic response.
Capel
Frédéric
F
Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Obésités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 858-I2MR, Equipe 4, IFR31, Institut Louis Bugnard, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
Viguerie
Nathalie
N
Vega
Nathalie
N
Dejean
Sébastien
S
Arner
Peter
P
Klimcakova
Eva
E
Martinez
J Alfredo
JA
Saris
Wim H M
WH
Holst
Claus
C
Taylor
Moira
M
Oppert
Jean M
JM
Sørensen
Thorkild I A
TI
Clément
Karine
K
Vidal
Hubert
H
Langin
Dominique
D
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; C498698:GABARAPL2 protein, human; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D012313:RNA; C466093:SIRT3 protein, human; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins