title: Acute and overuse injuries correlated to hours of training in master running athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of the study was to determine the rate of running-associated tendinopathy in light of the amount of time training and other risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  291 elite runners (average age 42 +/- 9 years) who ran an average of 65.2 +/- 28.3 km/week were included with an overall distance of 9,980,852 km (34,416 km/athlete). Descriptive statistics with Chi2-Test, Fisher-Exact-Test and Mann-Whitney-Test were used to calculate relative risks (RR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall injury rate was 0.08/1000 km (2.93/athlete). Overuse injuries (0.07/1000 km) were more frequent than acute injuries (0.01/1000 km). Achilles tendinopathy was the predominant injury (0.02/1000 km) followed by anterior knee pain (0.01/1000 km), and shin splints (0.01/1000 km). Achilles tendon rupture was rarely encountered (0.001/1000 km). At some time, 56.6% of the athletes had an Achilles tendon overuse injury, 46.4% anterior knee pain, 35.7% shin splints, and 12.7% had plantar fasciitis. Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy was more common (0.01/1000 km) than insertional (0.005/1000 km). An asphalt running surface decreased mid-portion tendinopathy risk (RR 0.47, p = 0.02). In contrast, sand increased the relative risk for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy tenfold (RR 10, CI 1.12 to 92.8, p = 0.01). Runners with more than 10 years experience had an increased risk (RR 1.6, p = 0.04) for Achilles tendinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Achilles tendinopathy is the most common running-associated tendinopathy followed by runner's knee and shin splints.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Carl-Neuberg-Str. I, Hannover 30625, Germany. kknobi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Knobloch
authors.forename: Uzung
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vogt
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries*; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012420:Running / Q000293:injuries*; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries