Comparative mycotoxin profiles of Gibberella zeae populations from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets.
Gibberella zeae is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley and wheat in the United States. The fungus also infects noncereal crops, such as potatoes and sugar beets, and the genetic relationships among barley, wheat, potato, and sugar beet isolates indicate high levels of similarity. However, little is known about the toxigenic potential of G. zeae isolates from potatoes and sugar beets. A total of 336 isolates of G. zeae from barley, wheat, potatoes, and sugar beets were collected and analyzed by TRI (trichothecene biosynthesis gene)-based PCR assays. To verify the TRI-based PCR detection of genetic markers by chemical analysis, 45 representative isolates were grown in rice cultures for 28 days and 15 trichothecenes and 2 zearalenone (ZEA) analogs were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TRI-based PCR assays revealed that all isolates had the deoxynivalenol (DON) marker. The frequencies of isolates with the 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) marker were higher than those of isolates with the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) marker among isolates from all four crops. Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant wheat cultivars had little or no influence on the diversity of isolates associated with the 3-ADON and 15-ADON markers. However, the frequency of isolates with the 3-ADON marker among isolates from the Langdon, ND, sampling site was higher than those among isolates from the Carrington and Minot, ND, sites. In chemical analyses, DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON, b-ZEA, and ZEA were detected. All isolates produced DON (1 to 782 microg/g) and ZEA (1 to 623 microg/g). These findings may be useful for monitoring mycotoxin contamination and for formulating FHB management strategies for these crops.
Burlakoti
Rishi R
RR
Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
Ali
Shaukat
S
Secor
Gary A
GA
Neate
Stephen M
SM
McMullen
Marcia P
MP
Adhikari
Tika B
TB
D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000382:microbiology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005874:Gibberella / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States
D009183:Mycotoxins
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Oct;58(10):3233-9
1444361
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Sep;46(3):625-9
6227284
FEBS Lett. 2003 Mar 27;539(1-3):105-10
12650935
Fungal Genet Biol. 2008 Apr;45(4):473-84
18035565
Phytopathology. 2008 Sep;98(9):969-76
18943734
Plant Dis. 1997 Dec;81(12):1340-1348
30861784
Phytopathology. 2007 Nov;97(11):1434-9
18943513
Phytopathology. 2003 Apr;93(4):428-35
18944357
J Appl Bacteriol. 1996 Nov;81(5):518-24
8939030
Fungal Genet Biol. 2001 Mar;32(2):121-33
11352533
Plant Dis. 2008 May;92(5):756-762
30769598
Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 Nov;44(11):1191-204
17451976
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 9;99(14):9278-83
12080147
Phytopathology. 2007 Jul;97(7):835-41
18943932
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14512-7
11734650
Plant Dis. 2006 May;90(5):686
30781166
Food Addit Contam. 2005 Apr;22(4):369-78
16019807
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 May;55(5):1315-6
16347922
Int J Food Microbiol. 2006 Feb 15;106(3):297-306
16246443
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):7905-10
10869425
Plant Dis. 2005 Jan;89(1):105
30795292
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1992 May-Jun;5(3):249-56
1421511
Phytopathology. 2000 Jan;90(1):17-21
18944567
Mycotoxin Res. 1995 Sep;11(2):85-92
23606115
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2148-54
11976083