title: Nona-D-arginine therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nona-D-arginine amide (D9R) was evaluated as treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis when administered alone and with ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse corneas were infected with P. aeruginosa. Immediately after infection and hourly for 5 hours, eyes received 5 microL of either Dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS), 10 microM D9R, or 100 microM D9R. At 16 hours postinfection (PI) and then hourly for 5 hours, eyes treated with D9R or D-PBS then received 5 microL ciprofloxacin (0.08%) or deionized water. On days 1, 7, and 14 PI, eyes were scored on a scale of 0 (normal eye) to +4 (corneal perforation). On day 1 PI, mice were euthanatized and eyes were harvested for histopathology or colony-forming unit (CFU) determination. At 6, 12, and 24 hours PI, corneas treated with 100 microM D9R or D-PBS alone were harvested for the determination of IL-1beta cytokine concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eyes treated with 10 or 100 microM D9R and ciprofloxacin had significantly less disease than eyes treated with D-PBS and ciprofloxacin. Fewer than 30 CFUs were recovered from any eye treated with ciprofloxacin. Eyes treated with D9R alone had significantly less disease and lower IL-1beta cytokine concentrations than D-PBS-treated eyes; however, there were no significant differences in CFU (> or = 4 log(10)) between these groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Administration of 10 or 100 microM D9R effectively reduced the abnormality associated with P. aeruginosa keratitis. Treatment with D9R and ciprofloxacin was superior to treatment with antibiotic alone by reducing ocular disease through suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and eradicating viable bacteria from the eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karicherla
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hobden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D045683:Furin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009842:Oligopeptides; C491427:nonaarginine; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D045683:Furin