Enamel formation genes are associated with high caries experience in Turkish children.
There is evidence for a genetic component in caries susceptibility, and studies in humans have suggested that variation in enamel formation genes and their interaction with Streptococcus mutans levels may contribute to caries. For the present study, we used DNA samples collected from 173 unrelated children from Istanbul: 91 children with 4 or more affected tooth surfaces and 82 caries-free children. Six single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected candidate genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin 1 and tuftelin interacting protein 11) that influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups with distinct caries experience. Regression analysis was used for the evaluation of individual gene effects, environmental effects and gene-environment interactions. Overrepresentation of the C allele of the amelogenin marker was seen in cases with dmft scores higher than 8 (p = 0.01) when compared to controls. Also, overrepresentation of the T allele of the ameloblastin marker was seen in cases with dmfs scores higher than 10 (p = 0.05) when compared to controls. In addition, the CT genotype of the tuftelin rs3790506 marker was overrepresented in cases with dmft scores higher than 5 (p = 0.05) and dmfs scores higher than 6 (p = 0.05) compared to controls. The best-fitting model showed that dmfs is increased when the following factors are present: (1) females and both the anterior and posterior teeth are affected simultaneously, (2) when the T allele of the tuftelin rs3790506 is involved, and (3) the C allele of the amelogenin rs17878486 is involved. Our study provides support that genes involved in enamel formation modify caries susceptibility in humans.
Patir
A
A
Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Seymen
F
F
Yildirim
M
M
Deeley
K
K
Cooper
M E
ME
Marazita
M L
ML
Vieira
A R
AR
D000566:Amelogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D053523:Amelogenin / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003596:Cytosine; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000235:genetics; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013941:Thymine; D014421:Turkey
C490889:AMBN protein, human; D053523:Amelogenin; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; C485860:TFIP11 protein, human; C038456:tuftelin; D003596:Cytosine; D013941:Thymine
J Dent Res. 2000 Apr;79(4):976-82
10831101
Nat Genet. 2001 Nov;29(3):306-9
11600885
Am J Hum Biol. 2006 Jul-Aug;18(4):540-55
16788889
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;36(2):168-78
18333881
Genet Epidemiol. 1986;3(3):147-52
3721193
J Dent Res. 2008 May;87(5):435-9
18434572
Arch Oral Biol. 1961 Nov;5:92-7
13974858
Cells Tissues Organs. 2007;186(1):78-85
17627121
J Dent Educ. 2001 Sep;65(9):896-905
11569606
Genome Res. 2001 Jul;11(7):1262-8
11435409
Caries Res. 2008;42(1):8-13
18042988
J Dent Educ. 2001 Oct;65(10):1038-45
11699975
J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 23;271(8):4431-5
8626794
Genomics. 1991 Feb;9(2):264-9
2004775
Hum Genet. 1997 Nov;101(1):1-5
9385359
J Am Dent Assoc. 1946 Jun;33:735-43
20996005
J Dent Res. 2005 Aug;84(8):711-4
16040727
Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Feb;50(2):303-16
1734713
J Dent Res. 2007 Dec;86(12):1176-80
18037651
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Nov 19;217(1):23-30
12445641