title: Prospective observational study of levosimendan and weaning of difficult-to-wean ventilator dependent intensive care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of levosimendan in improving cardiac performance and the success rate of weaning from mechanical ventilation in ventilatordependent, difficult-to-wean patients with impaired cardiac function in the intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study in the ICU of Westmead Hospital, a university-affiliated tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, NSW, between January 2003 and October 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  47 ICU patients who were ventilator-dependent for > or =10 days and had failed a weaning or extubation attempt due to respiratory insufficiency were identified as difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation. All were assessed by transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiography. Twelve who had impaired left ventricular performance (demonstrated by left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <40%) and were already established on diuretic and vasodilator treatment were given a 24-hour infusion of levosimendan. LVEF was measured again within 24 hours after infusion, and weaning from mechanical ventilation and extubation were re-attempted, when clinically deemed feasible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levosimendan administration was associated with significantly improved LVEF (28.3% before v 34.6% after, P=0.04) and PaO2/FIO2 ratio (179mmHg v 197mmHg, P=0.002) and reduced FIO2 (0.45 v 0.39, P=0.01). These changes were associated with significant improvement in the success rate in weaning from mechanical ventilation (P=0.02), with seven of the 12 patients successfully weaned after levosimendan therapy, and six surviving to hospital discharge. There was no significant difference in any other important parameter between pre- and post-levosimendan weaning attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan may provide significant benefit to ventilator-dependent patients with impaired left ventricular function. Randomised controlled trials appear justified.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia. martinsterba@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sterba
authors.forename: Ashoke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Yugan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mudaliar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077464:Simendan; D015300:Ventilator Weaning; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan