Roles of galectins in inflammatory bowel disease.
Protein/carbohydrate interactions through specific protein families termed lectin control essential biological processes. Galectins, a family of animal lectins defined by shared amino acid sequence with affinity for beta-galactosides, appear to be functionally polyvalent in a wide range of biological activity. Recent studies have identified immunoregulatory roles of galectins in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Galectin-1 and galectin-2 contribute to the suppression of intestinal inflammation by the induction of apoptosis of activated T cells, whereas galectin-4 is involved in the exacerbation of this inflammation by specifically stimulating intestinal CD4+ T cells to produce IL-6. We review how different members of the galectins provide inhibitory or stimulatory signals to control intestinal immune response under intestinal inflammation.
Hokama
Akira
A
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan. hokama-a@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Mizoguchi
Emiko
E
Mizoguchi
Atsushi
A
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D037161:Galectins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology
D037161:Galectins
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