title: Long-term results of laryngeal suspension and upper esophageal sphincter myotomy as treatment for life-threatening aspiration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the long-term results of laryngeal suspension and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) myotomy in patients with life-threatening aspiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the period 1995 to 2004, 17 patients with severe aspiration caused by insufficient laryngeal elevation and absent or negligible pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity during deglutition resulting in aspiration pneumonia were surgically treated with a laryngeal suspension procedure and UES myotomy. Preoperative and postoperative videofluoroscopy was performed to assess swallowing and aspiration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 of the 17 patients, long-term (more than 1 year) full oral intake without aspiration was achieved. Three other patients demonstrated improvement of deglutition with partial restoration of oral intake with adjusted food consistency, but remained partly dependent on gastrostomy feeding for adequate nutrition. Two patients no longer had cases of aspiration pneumonia, but were unable to achieve even modified oral intake. Three patients finally underwent total laryngectomy--2 of them after initial successful full oral intake without aspiration but with recurrent aspiration as a result of progression of neuromuscular disease. None of the patients succumbed to aspiration pneumonia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most of our patients, life-threatening aspiration was successfully treated by UES myotomy and laryngeal suspension with restoration of oral intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Free University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kos
authors.forename: Eric F L
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Ijke J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Aalders
authors.forename: C Frits
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Hans F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mahieu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002933:Cineradiography; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019990:Perioperative Care; D053120:Respiratory Aspiration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors