title: Extraction and recovery of methylene blue from industrial wastewater using benzoic acid as an extractant.
abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater using benzoic acid (extractant) in xylene has been studied at 27 degrees C. The extraction of the dye increased with increasing extractant concentration. The extraction abilities have been studied on benzoic acid concentration in the range of 0.36-5.8x10(-2) M. The distribution ratio of the dye is reasonably high (D=49.5) even in the presence of inorganic salts. Irrespective of the concentration of dye, extraction under optimal conditions was 90-99% after 15 min of phase separation. The extracted dye in the organic phase can be back extracted into sulphuric acid solution. The resultant recovered organic phase can be reused in succeeding extraction of dye with the yield ranging from 99 to 87% after 15 times reused, depending on the concentration of the initial feed solution. Experimental parameters examined were benzoic acid concentration, effect of diluent, effect of pH, effect of initial dye concentration, effect of equilibration time, various stripping agents, aqueous to organic phase ratio in extraction, organic to aqueous phase ratio in stripping and reusability of solvent.
authors.affiliation: School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muthuraman
authors.forename: Tjoon Tow
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Cheu Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Leh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Norli
mesh_terms: D019817:Benzoic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013783:Textile Industry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019817:Benzoic Acid; D008751:Methylene Blue