title: Perceived control moderated the self-efficacy-enhancing effects of a chronic illness self-management intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identifying moderators of the effects of self-efficacy-enhancing interventions could improve their efficiency. We examined the effects of a home-based variant of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program on self-efficacy, and explored the moderating effects of perceived control over self-management (PCSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled trial, patients (N= 415) aged>40 years with various chronic conditions plus basic activity impairment and/or significant depressive symptoms were randomized to one of three groups: intervention provided in homes or by telephone, v. usual care control. We used mixed effects linear models for repeated measures to examine effects on self-management self-efficacy at 6-month follow-up and explore moderation by PCSM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only the home intervention had a significant self-efficacy-enhancing effect (Wald test, chi( 2) = 13.8, p = 0.008; effect size = 0.3). The effect was moderated by PCSM, considered as a continuous [effective in subjects with lower PCSM (Wald test, chi(2) = 13.4, p = 0.009)] or categorical (effective only for subjects in the lowest tercile) variable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with lower PCSM appear more likely to experience enhanced self-efficacy from chronic illness self-management training than those with higher PCSM. These findings, although preliminary, suggest that office-based measurement of PCSM might identify those chronically ill patients likely to benefit most from self-management training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. afjerant@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerant
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorig
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006699:Home Care Services; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome