title: Topical application of Escherichia coli particles over-producing pathogen-derived antigens as a simple vaccination modality in compliance with evolutionary medicine.
abstract: The development of a new generation of vaccines that can be produced rapidly at low costs and mass-administered noninvasively by non-medical personnel is crucial for boosting vaccine coverage in response to an escalation in demand. The demonstration that topical application of bioengineered nonreplicating Escherichia coli particles overproducing pathogen-derived antigens can mobilize the immune repertoire toward beneficial immune protection against relevant pathogens holds promise for enabling mass-immunization without pain, fear and perceivable tissue damage. Moreover, this noninvasive regimen using E. coli epitopes as a natural adjuvant is in compliance with evolutionary medicine.
authors.affiliation: Vaxin Inc., 1500 First Avenue North, Birmingham, Alabama 35203, USA. zhang@vaxin.com
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: De-chu C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D022361:Escherichia coli Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D022361:Escherichia coli Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic