title: Cleaved forms of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in plasma have diagnostic potential and predict postoperative survival in patients with ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the plasma level of different forms of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as discriminators between malignant, borderline, and benign ovarian tumors and as prognostic markers in patients with ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The different suPAR forms were measured in preoperative plasma samples obtained from 335 patients with adnexal lesions using three different time-resolved fluoresence assays (TR-FIA): TR-FIA 1 measuring intact suPAR, suPAR(I-III), TR-FIA 2 measuring the total amount of suPAR(I-III) and the cleaved form, suPAR(II-III), and TR-FIA 3 measuring the liberated uPAR(I). Tumors were classified as benign (n = 211), borderline (possibly malignant; n = 30), and well (n = 19), moderately (n = 15), and poorly (n = 60) differentiated malignant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All uPAR forms as well as CA125 were statistically significant in univariate analysis discriminating between benign, borderline, and invasive tumors. Restricting the analysis of invasive tumors to early stage (I and II) showed similar results. A combination of CA125 and suPAR(I-III) + suPAR(II-III) discriminated between malignant (all stages) and benign tumors [AUC, 0.94; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.90-0.98] as well as borderline and benign tumors (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.89). All suPAR forms were markers for poor prognosis in univariate analyses, and high preoperative plasma level of uPAR(I) is an independent predictor of poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15-2.95; P = 0.011) in multivariate analyses including age and CA125.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High concentration of plasma uPAR(I) is an independent preoperative marker of poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. The combination of plasma suPAR(I-III) + suPAR(II-III) and CA125 discriminates between malignant and benign tumors with an AUC of 0.94.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Emir
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Henic
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borgfeldt
authors.forename: Ib Jarle
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casslén
authors.forename: Gunilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Høyer-Hansen
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator