title: Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Telomeres are protective DNA-protein complexes at the end of linear chromosomes that promote chromosomal stability. Telomere shortness in human beings is emerging as a prognostic marker of disease risk, progression, and premature mortality in many types of cancer, including breast, prostate, colorectal, bladder, head and neck, lung, and renal cell. Telomere shortening is counteracted by the cellular enzyme telomerase. Lifestyle factors known to promote cancer and cardiovascular disease might also adversely affect telomerase function. However, previous studies have not addressed whether improvements in nutrition and lifestyle are associated with increases in telomerase activity. We aimed to assess whether 3 months of intensive lifestyle changes increased telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  30 men with biopsy-diagnosed low-risk prostate cancer were asked to make comprehensive lifestyle changes. The primary endpoint was telomerase enzymatic activity per viable cell, measured at baseline and after 3 months. 24 patients had sufficient PBMCs needed for longitudinal analysis. This study is registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website, number NCT00739791.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBMC telomerase activity expressed as natural logarithms increased from 2.00 (SD 0.44) to 2.22 (SD 0.49; p=0.031). Raw values of telomerase increased from 8.05 (SD 3.50) standard arbitrary units to 10.38 (SD 6.01) standard arbitrary units. The increases in telomerase activity were significantly associated with decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (r=-0.36, p=0.041) and decreases in psychological distress (r=-0.35, p=0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive lifestyle changes significantly increase telomerase activity and consequently telomere maintenance capacity in human immune-system cells. Given this finding and the pilot nature of this study, we report these increases in telomerase activity as a significant association rather than inferring causation. Larger randomised controlled trials are warranted to confirm the findings of this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ornish
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daubenmier
authors.forename: Gerdi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: Elissa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Epel
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Mark Jesus M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Magbanua
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yglecias
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackburn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D019098:Telomerase / Q000097:blood*; D016615:Telomere / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019098:Telomerase