title: A survey of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. on poultry and pig farms in Great Britain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the proportions of farms on which broilers, turkeys and pigs were shedding fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Escherichia coli or Campylobacter spp. near to slaughter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Freshly voided faeces were collected on 89 poultry and 108 pig farms and cultured with media containing 1.0 mg l(-1) ciprofloxacin. Studies demonstrated the specificity of this sensitive method, and both poultry and pig sampling yielded FQ-resistant E. coli on 60% of farms. FQ-resistant Campylobacter spp. were found on around 22% of poultry and 75% of pig farms. The majority of resistant isolates of Campylobacter (89%) and E. coli (96%) tested had minimum inhibitory concentrations for ciprofloxacin of > or =8 mg l(-1). The proportion of resistant E. coli and Campylobacter organisms within samples varied widely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FQ resistance is commonly present among two enteric bacterial genera prevalent on pig and poultry farms, although the low proportion of resistant organisms in many cases requires a sensitive detection technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FQ-resistant bacteria with zoonotic potential appear to be present on a high proportion of UK pig and poultry farms. The risk this poses to consumers relative to other causes of FQ-resistant human infections remains to be clarified.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics Research Unit, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK. n.m.taylor@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ridley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clouting
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wales
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Clifton-Hadley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014422:Turkeys; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin