title: Calf implants.
abstract: There are several articles on the positioning of calf implants that emphasize the anatomic planes in which they should be placed. However, in none of them are the anatomical characteristics that make calves look attractive specified, and neither are the region's anatomic characteristics that guide us to acquire some criteria about the type, design, size, and anatomic plane in which calf implants are to be placed. Therefore, we decided to differentiate the characteristics that make calves look attractive, and also to catalog the defects to systematize the surgical techniques for correction and detail the points that distinguish one attractive calf from another with projection and volume but without harmony. A total of 2600 photographs of females standing in several positions were observed; we included those pictures that showed the total length of the legs. Calf measurements were taken in 168 women who were between 15 and 61 years of age and 150-170 cm in height (average height = 161 cm). We found that there are some characteristics that consistently make legs look attractive; in addition, the anatomic proportion with respect to the ideal anteroposterior and laterolateral projection of calves was discovered. We grouped these calf defects into five types and in each group defined the surgical recommendations to obtain harmonic and beautiful calves with adequate volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, 20 de Noviembre National Medical Center, ISSSTE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. cirplast@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cuenca-Guerra
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Daza-Flores
authors.forename: Ale Jalil
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saade-Saade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001504:Beauty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D055815:Young Adult