title: Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells by AMP-activated protein kinase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proatherosclerotic adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium is attenuated by NO. As AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates endothelial NO synthesis, we investigated the modulation of adhesion to cultured human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by AMPK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAECs incubated with the AMPK activator, AICAR, or expressing constitutively active AMPK demonstrated reduced TNFalpha-stimulated adhesion of promonocytic U-937 cells. Rapid inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated U-937 cell adhesion by AICAR was NO-dependent, associated with unaltered cell surface adhesion molecule expression, and reduced MCP-1 secretion by HAECs. In contrast, inhibition of TNFalpha-stimulated U-937 cell adhesion by prolonged AMPK activation was NO-independent and associated with reduced cell surface adhesion molecule expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMPK activation in HAECs inhibits TNFalpha-stimulated leukocyte adhesion by a rapid NO-dependent mechanism associated with reduced MCP-1 secretion and a late NO-independent mechanism whereby adhesion molecule expression, in particular E-selectin, is suppressed.
authors.affiliation: Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Cell Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Marie-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ewart
authors.forename: Christine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kohlhaas
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Salt
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020298:U937 Cells; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester