title: Transarterial ductal occlusion with the Amplatzer vascular plug in 31 dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transarterial ductal occlusion with the Amplatzer vascular plug was first reported in dogs by Hogan et al in 2005.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Use of the Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe, efficacious method of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one client-owned dogs with PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 31 dogs in which transarterial occlusion of PDA with an Amplatzer vascular plug was attempted were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dogs had a type II PDA, with 27 dogs having type IIA morphology and 4 dogs having type IIB morphology. Appropriate device deployment was achieved in 29 of 31 dogs. Postdeployment angiography in 21 dogs documented complete occlusion in 10 dogs, trivial residual flow in 5 dogs, mild residual flow in 2 dogs, moderate residual flow in 3 dogs, and severe residual flow in 1 dog. Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography documented complete occlusion in 22 dogs, whereas 2 dogs had trivial residual flow, 2 dogs had mild residual flow, 2 dogs had mild to moderate residual flow, and 1 dog had severe residual flow. Of the 7 dogs with residual flow, 2 had complete occlusion 2-4 months postoperatively, 1 had moderate residual flow 1 month postoperatively, and 4 were lost to follow-up. One dog required a larger device than was able to be deployed through the largest sheath placed in the femoral artery. Pulmonary embolization of the device occurred in 1 dog.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that ductal occlusion with an Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe and efficacious therapy for PDA in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, the Michael E. DeBakey Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77834-4474, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Achen
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Roland
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Drourr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000662:veterinary*