title: The SRA domain of UHRF1 flips 5-methylcytosine out of the DNA helix.
abstract: Maintenance methylation of hemimethylated CpG dinucleotides at DNA replication forks is the key to faithful mitotic inheritance of genomic methylation patterns. UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) is required for maintenance methylation by interacting with DNA nucleotide methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the maintenance methyltransferase, and with hemimethylated CpG, the substrate for DNMT1 (refs 1 and 2). Here we present the crystal structure of the SET and RING-associated (SRA) domain of mouse UHRF1 in complex with DNA containing a hemimethylated CpG site. The DNA is contacted in both the major and minor grooves by two loops that penetrate into the middle of the DNA helix. The 5-methylcytosine has flipped completely out of the DNA helix and is positioned in a binding pocket with planar stacking contacts, Watson-Crick polar hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions specific for 5-methylcytosine. Hence, UHRF1 contains a previously unknown DNA-binding module and is the first example of a non-enzymatic, sequence-specific DNA-binding protein domain to use the base flipping mechanism to interact with DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Magnolia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bostick
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D044503:5-Methylcytosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D044503:5-Methylcytosine; D004247:DNA; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C117054:Uhrf1 protein, mouse
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