title: Effects of estradiol on the cognitive function of postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of estrogen on the cognitive function of postmenopausal women through psychometric tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: (G1) estrogen group (n = 34), treated with 2 mg 17 beta-estradiol; (G2) placebo group (n = 31), treated with inactive substance. All the participants were submitted, before and after treatment, to psychometric tests, Greene's Scale of Climacteric Symptoms and the Hamilton Scale for depression. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and Student's t-test. In order to evaluate the degree of improvement of symptoms or depression after estrogen treatment, Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A few psychometric tests (immediate and late recall of story, Trailmaking A and B, FAS, Stroop, Bells tests) showed post-intervention improvement, but these were not significant when compared to the placebo group's data. The estrogen group's climacteric symptoms were mitigated in comparison to placebo's, but there was no significant difference between the two groups on the Hamilton Scale. Reduction in climacteric symptoms was associated with improvement in executive function performance as evaluated by the Stroop test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest estrogen improves the cognitive function, possibly due to a decrease in vasomotor symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Sâo Paulo and Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ricardo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Carla C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Maganhin
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Ana Marcia
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Miranda Cota
authors.forename: Edmund C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
mesh_terms: D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol