title: Duplex pyrosequencing of the TPMT*3C and TPMT*6 alleles in Korean and Vietnamese populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) genetic polymorphisms have been studied intensively in relation to thiopurine toxicity. In the present study, an improved pyrosequencing method was developed for TPMT genotyping and used to investigate the genotype frequency in Korean and Vietnamese populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-hundred Korean and 159 Vietnamese subjects were genotyped by pyrosequencing for TPMT 238G>C, 460G>A, 539A>T, and 719A>G variants, in order to determine the TPMT*2, *3A, *3B, *3C, and *6 alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPMT*3C was found to be the most frequent allele in both the Korean (0.88%) and Vietnamese (2.83%) populations. TPMT*2, *3A, and *3B were not found in either of the study populations. Two Korean subjects were genotyped as TPMT*1/*6 (0.25%), while none of the Vietnamese had this genotype. The direct comparison of the frequencies of functional TPMT1/3C genotype showed significant difference between Korean and Vietnamese populations (chi2 test, p=0.0124). Duplex pyrosequencing methods for the detection of TPMT3C and TPMT6 were developed and validated to show 100% concordance with the results obtained by direct sequencing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional TPMT alleles in Korean and Vietnamese populations are TPMT*3C and TPMT*6. Duplex pyrosequencing for these alleles appears to be an accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for genotyping TPMT in these Asian populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Seop
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yin-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jae-Gook
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase