title: A prospective multicenter study of written action plans among emergency department patients with acute asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of written "action plans" (APs) among emergency department (ED) patients with acute asthma is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of APs among ED patients, to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with and without APs, and to examine the appropriateness of response to an asthma exacerbation scenario.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a standard protocol, 49 North American EDs performed a prospective cohort study involving interviews of 1,756 patients, ages 2-54, with acute asthma. Among children only, a random sample was contacted two years after the index ED visit to assess current AP status and parents' self-management knowledge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of APs was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%-34%), and was higher among children than adults (34% vs. 26%, respectively; p = 0.001). Patients with APs had worse measures of chronic asthma severity (p < 0.05) and were more likely to be hospitalized (multivariate odds ratio, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.1-2.1). After 2 years, most children with an AP at the index ED visit still had one but only 20% of those without an AP had obtained one; moreover, many of the APs appeared inadequate. Parents of children with a current AP performed slightly better on the asthma scenario, but both groups overestimated their asthma knowledge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of APs among ED patients with acute asthma is unacceptably low, and many of these APs appear inadequate. "Confounding by severity" will complicate any non-randomized analysis of the potential impact of APs on asthma outcomes in ED patients.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ccamargo@partners.org
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Caitlin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Adit A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ginde
authors.forename: Sunday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Emond
authors.forename: Mike S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Radeos
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D012648:Self Care
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