title: The LLA23 protein translocates into nuclei shortly before desiccation in developing pollen grains and regulates gene expression in Arabidopsis.
abstract: We have isolated the LLA23 gene in the pollen of Lilium longiflorum. The LLA23 gene encodes an ASR (named after abscisic acid, stress and ripening) protein that has a nuclear localization sequence at the C terminus. The gene is interrupted by one single intron and possesses a long 5'-untranslated region. Southern blots of lily genomic DNA indicated that LLA23 is a member of a small gene family. We examined the link between LLA23 location and the desiccation that naturally occurs in developing anthers using immunogold labeling. When pollen reached maturity, a significant increase in LLA23 labeling was observed in the nuclei of both vegetative and generative cells from 10- to 12-cm buds and thereafter. This clearly demonstrates that a marked increase in LLA23 translocation from the cytoplasm to both nuclei of pollen grains occurs in 12-cm buds, a stage shortly before the commencement of desiccation during anther development. In addition, microarray analysis showed that 410 (206 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated) genes have altered expression in LLA23-overexpressing plants. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the changes in mRNA levels observed in our microarray analysis. This genome-wide overview of gene expression supports the theory that LLA23 acts as a regulator.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chin-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chih-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guang Yuh
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jauh
authors.forename: Jong-Chin
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Co-Shine
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D027762:Lilium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011058:Pollen / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C413484:LLA23 protein, Lilium longiflorum; D010940:Plant Proteins
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2004 Feb;9(2):57-9
references.pmid: 15106586
references.citation: Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Feb;5(2):277-92
references.pmid: 16467469
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1988 Nov;88(3):626-32
references.pmid: 16666359
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 1998 Dec;39(12):1307-14
references.pmid: 10050314
references.citation: Planta. 2007 Jul;226(2):311-22
references.pmid: 17394013
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jul 1;34(Web Server issue):W571-7
references.pmid: 16845073
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jan 26;352(4):831-5
references.pmid: 17157822
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2003 Sep;15(9):2165-80
references.pmid: 12953118
references.citation: Biochimie. 2002 Nov;84(11):1127-35
references.pmid: 12595141
references.citation: Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Apr;30(4):363-4
references.pmid: 11901087
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1997 Feb;113(2):335-45
references.pmid: 9046587
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1998 Aug;117(4):1253-63
references.pmid: 9701581
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;63(5):719-30
references.pmid: 17211513
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1993 Dec;5(12):1739-1748
references.pmid: 12271054
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2005 Oct;139(2):836-46
references.pmid: 16169963
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2000 Apr;41(4):477-85
references.pmid: 10845461
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 1995 Feb;27(3):587-95
references.pmid: 7894021
references.citation: Biochem J. 2004 Jul 15;381(Pt 2):373-8
references.pmid: 15101820
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1993 Aug;102(4):1353-4
references.pmid: 8278555
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2007 Feb;143(2):617-28
references.pmid: 17189335
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2003 Jan 22;19(2):185-93
references.pmid: 12538238
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;99(1 Pt 1):20-8
references.pmid: 6203917
references.citation: Genomics. 1995 Feb 10;25(3):674-81
references.pmid: 7759102