The correlation of serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels and selected biological markers in multiple myeloma.
OBJECTIVE
the presented study is aimed at the evaluation of correlation of free light chains serum levels - kappa, lambda and their relation (K/L ratio) and serum levels of selected biological markers in a group of patients with multiple myeloma examined at the time of the diagnosis.


METHODS
102 patients with multiple myeloma were included in this prospective study. Free light chains serum levels were determined by Freelite Binding Site system, for determination of serum levels of selected parameters the following methods were used: REA thymidinekinase (TK), RIA (beta(2)microglobulin (beta(2)m), ICTP, PINP), enzymoimmunoassay (sIL-6R, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, sOPG) and quantitative enzymatic immunoassay (sHGF, sVEGF, sSyndecan-1 (sSyn-1) a sFas).


RESULTS
There was found a correlation in the kappa-group of the dominant kappa chain and serum readings of beta(2)m (r = 0.344, p = 0.005), TK (r = 0.263, p = 0.035), ICTP (r = 0.402, p = 0.001), PINP (r = 0.264, p = 0.039), sOPG (r = 0.328, p = 0.028), sSyn-1 (r = 0.255, p = 0.046) and sFas (r = 0.418, p = 0.001). In case of K/L ratio there was found a statistically significant association of levels of beta(2)m (r = 0.316, p = 0.01), TK (r = 0.274, p = 0.027), ICTP (r = 0.346, p = 0.006), PINP (r = 0.261, p = 0.042), sSyn-1 (r = 0.283, p = 0.026) and sFas (r = 0.377, p = 0.002). In the lambda-group the analysis confirmed mutual dependence of the dominant lambda chain levels on beta(2)m (r = 0.476, p = 0.003), ICTP (r = 0.375, p = 0.022), sVCAM-1 (r = 0.383, p = 0.019), sHGF (r = 0.441, p = 0.006) and sFas (r = 0.334, p = 0.040). In addition we ascertained a correlation of L/K ratio and levels of beta(2)m (r = -0.473, p = 0.003), TK (r = -0.412, p = 0.011), ICTP (r = -0.331, p = 0.045), PINP (r = -0.409, p = 0.012), sHGF (r = -0.357, p = 0.028), sSyn-1 (r = -0.449, p = 0.005) a sFas (r = - 0.371, p = 0.022).


CONCLUSIONS
The study confirmed mutual correlation of FLC serum levels and the levels of several selected biological markers, in particular beta(2)m, TK, ICTP, PINP, sSyn-1 a sFas at time of the diagnosis. It referred to the mutual relation of bone marrow microenvironment, biological qualities of clonal plasmocytes and the intensity of the free light chains production by the tumour cell population.
Pika
Tomas
T
3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic. tomas.pika@fnol.cz
Minarik
Jiri
J
Schneiderka
Petr
P
Budikova
Marie
M
Langova
Katerina
K
Lochman
Pavel
P
Bacovsky
Jaroslav
J
Farbiakova
Vera
V
Scudla
Vlastimil
V
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000091402:Prohibitins
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains; C000717331:PHB2 protein, human; D000091402:Prohibitins