Renal and vascular mechanisms of thiazolidinedione-induced fluid retention.
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtype gamma (PPARgamma) activators that are clinically used as an insulin sensitizer for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, TZDs exhibit novel anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, indicating therapeutic potential for a wide variety of diseases associated with diabetes and other conditions. The clinical applications of TZDs are limited by the common major side effect of fluid retention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of TZD-induced fluid retention is essential for the development of novel therapies with improved safety profiles. An important breakthrough in the field is the finding that the renal collecting duct is a major site for increased fluid reabsorption in response to rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. New evidence also indicates that increased vascular permeability in adipose tissues may contribute to edema formation and body weight gain. Future research should therefore be directed at achieving a better understanding of the detailed mechanisms of TZD-induced increases in renal sodium transport and in vascular permeability.
Yang
Tianxin
T
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2412, USA.
Soodvilai
Sunhapas
S
J Cell Physiol. 2006 Aug;208(2):407-17
16688762
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007 Jul;9(4):447-54
17587386
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Dec;21(4):573-86
18054736
J Cell Sci. 2000 Sep;113 ( Pt 18):3187-96
10954417
Circulation. 2003 Dec 9;108(23):2941-8
14662691
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Aug;283(2):F221-35
12110505
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 28;102(26):9406-11
15956187
Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6):F966-73
10600944
Circ Res. 2008 Feb 15;102(3):283-94
18276926
Pharmacotherapy. 2002 Jul;22(7):924-9
12126225
Pflugers Arch. 2005 Dec;451(3):445-53
16170524
Kidney Int. 1983 May;23(5):711-6
6876566
Angiogenesis. 2005;8(4):373-9
16400517
Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 May 15;67(10):1997-2004
15130775
Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Jan;35(1):123-4
11197573
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Sep;25(9):1810-6
16020752
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2000 Jun 30;41(3):283-301
10854687
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Mar;89(3):1140-5
15001599
Am J Med. 2003 Dec 8;115 Suppl 8A:111S-115S
14678876
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Apr;278(4):F530-9
10751213
Nature. 1998 Jun 25;393(6687):790-3
9655393
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2007 Sep;16(5):397-402
17693752
Nat Med. 2005 Aug;11(8):861-6
16007095
J Cell Physiol. 1992 Oct;153(1):62-75
1522136
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2000;108(3):151-63
10926309
Kidney Int. 1996 Jun;49(6):1712-7
8743483
Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6):F1013-22
9435691
Hypertension. 2004 Mar;43(3):661-6
14744930
J Biol Chem. 1998 Oct 2;273(40):25573-80
9748221
JAMA. 2005 Nov 23;294(20):2581-6
16239637
FASEB J. 2003 Oct;17(13):1966-8
12923071
Endothelium. 2006 May-Jun;13(3):181-90
16840174
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Aug;1771(8):1065-81
17428730
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1999;237:97-132
9893348
Nature. 1998 Jan 1;391(6662):79-82
9422508
Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;129(5):823-34
10696077
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jan 27;254(3):757-63
9920814
Diabetes. 2007 Jan;56(1):248-55
17192489
J Clin Invest. 1999 Oct;104(7):R19-23
10510339
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):F1036-46
11704554
Life Sci. 2006 Feb 23;78(13):1520-8
16297938
Semin Thromb Hemost. 1992 Jan;18(1):117-25
1574713
Am J Physiol. 1987 Sep;253(3 Pt 2):F546-54
3631283
Kidney Int Suppl. 1998 Apr;65:S29-35
9551429
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Dec;17(12):3482-90
17093067
Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 Oct;44(4):575-90
15384008
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):426-33
14593089
Diabetes. 2002 Apr;51(4):1083-7
11916929
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Nov;16(11):3167-74
16192418
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 May 19;246(2):370-4
9610365
Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Mar;15(3):243-50
16503761
Ann Intern Med. 2000 Jun 6;132(11):880-4
10836914
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Feb;312(2):718-25
15475592
Diabetes Technol Ther. 2002;4(4):505-14
12396745
Arch Intern Med. 1999 Aug 9-23;159(15):1811
10448787
FASEB J. 2006 Jun;20(8):1203-5
16672634
J Clin Invest. 2003 Aug;112(4):554-65
12925696
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2000 Aug;279(2):F252-8
10919843
Am J Physiol. 1995 Jan;268(1 Pt 2):F89-98
7840252
Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;150(4):480-7
17211457
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;42(3):436-41
12960690