title: Current strategy of repair of tetralogy of Fallot in children and adults: emphasis on a new technique to create a monocusp-patch for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In older children (>four years) and adults the strategy of repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) should have a low rate of transannular patch to avoid pulmonary insufficiency (PI), and in addition, we developed a new method of reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) to reduce PI.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2001 through 2005, 74 patients (50 male, 24 female; mean age of 13.6 +/- 0.8 years, ranging from four to 34 years) with TOF (67) or double outlet RV (DORV)-type-TOF (seven) underwent complete repair. The resection of RVOT stenosis +/- pulmonary valvotomy was principally through RA. A new two-patch technique to create a folded mono-cusp valve by using autologous pericardium was applied since August 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The repair was through RA in 52 patients and through RA + RVOT/PA in 22 patients (18/4). TAPR was performed in 17 patients (23%, eight non-valved and nine valved). The aortic cross-clamp time was 130.1 +/- 6.8 min in TAPR group and 85.8 +/- 4.6 min in non-TAPR group (p < 0.0001). The operative mortality was 4.0% (3/74) in all and 2.9% (2/67) in TOF patients (due to low output, uncontrollable bleeding, and repeated bleeding from the pulmonary collateral vessels late) and was similar in TAPR or non-TAPR. The valved patch-repaired patients had mild PI and good RV function postoperatively up to eight to 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repair of TOF in older children/adults should include low rate of TAPR of RVOT. If indicated, the new folded monocusp-patch technique is recommended. It is an effective and simple way to markedly reduce postoperative PI with no additional cost.
authors.affiliation: Medical College, Nankai University & TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. gwhe@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Guo-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011666:Pulmonary Valve Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult