title: Gel spinning of silk tubes for tissue engineering.
abstract: Tubular vessels for tissue engineering are typically fabricated using a molding, dipping, or electrospinning technique. While these techniques provide some control over inner and outer diameters of the tube, they lack the ability to align the polymers or fibers of interest throughout the tube. This is an important aspect of biomaterial composite structure and function for mechanical and biological impact of tissue outcomes. We present a novel aqueous process system to spin tubes from biopolymers and proteins such as silk fibroin. Using silk as an example, this method of winding an aqueous solution around a reciprocating rotating mandrel offers substantial improvement in the control of the tube properties, specifically with regard to winding pattern, tube porosity, and composite features. Silk tube properties are further controlled via different post-spinning processing mechanisms such as methanol treatment, air-drying, and lyophilization. This approach to tubular scaffold manufacture offers numerous tissue engineering applications such as complex composite biomaterial matrices, blood vessel grafts and nerve guides, among others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lovett
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cannizzaro
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vunjak-Novakovic
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002460:Cell Line; D005349:Fibroins; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D047011:Silk; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D047011:Silk; D005349:Fibroins
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2004 May-Jun;5(3):786-92
references.pmid: 15132662
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2004 May-Jun;5(3):718-26
references.pmid: 15132652
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2005 May-Jun;6(3):1722-31
references.pmid: 15877399
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Jun;25(6):1128-34
references.pmid: 15705929
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jul;23(7):821-3
references.pmid: 16003365
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2005 Jul;36(1-2):66-70
references.pmid: 15916801
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2005 Jul-Aug;11(7-8):1054-64
references.pmid: 16144441
references.citation: Langmuir. 2005 Nov 22;21(24):11335-41
references.pmid: 16285808
references.citation: Micron. 2005;36(7-8):602-8
references.pmid: 16169238
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2006 Jun;27(16):3115-24
references.pmid: 16458961
references.citation: Br J Surg. 2006 Mar;93(3):282-90
references.pmid: 16498591
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2006 May 30;38(3-5):284-8
references.pmid: 16678253
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2006 Sep;27(26):4618-26
references.pmid: 16707157
references.citation: Acta Biomater. 2006 Jul;2(4):387-402
references.pmid: 16765879
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2006 Jun;34(6):971-85
references.pmid: 16783653
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2007 Jan;8(1):175-81
references.pmid: 17206804
references.citation: J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2006;17(12):1359-74
references.pmid: 17260508
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2007 Feb;6(2):162-7
references.pmid: 17237789
references.citation: J Control Release. 2007 Aug 28;121(3):190-9
references.pmid: 17628161
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Dec;28(35):5271-9
references.pmid: 17727944
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Dec;28(36):5526-35
references.pmid: 17884161
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2008 May;29(14):2217-27
references.pmid: 18279952
references.citation: J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2008;19(5):653-64
references.pmid: 18419943
references.citation: Cell Tissue Bank. 2007;8(1):43-57
references.pmid: 16826454
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2004 May-Jun;10(5-6):699-710
references.pmid: 15265287
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 1990 Nov;12(5):531-7
references.pmid: 2231964
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2005 May;26(15):2775-85
references.pmid: 15585282
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2005 Jan-Feb;11(1-2):302-9
references.pmid: 15738683
references.citation: J Biomed Mater Res. 2001 Jan;54(1):139-48
references.pmid: 11077413
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 2001 Mar;33(3):628-38
references.pmid: 11241137
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2003 Feb;24(3):401-16
references.pmid: 12423595
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Aug 28;424(6952):1057-61
references.pmid: 12944968
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2005 Apr;4(4):277-88
references.pmid: 15875305