title: Constitutively activated barley ROPs modulate epidermal cell size, defense reactions and interactions with fungal leaf pathogens.
abstract: RHO-like monomeric G-proteins of plants (ROPs, also called RACs), are involved in plant development and interaction with the environment. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) ROP protein HvRACB has been shown to be required for entry of the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh) into living host cells. To get a deeper insight into evolutionarily conserved functions of ROPs in cell polarity and pathogen responses, we stably expressed constitutively activated (CA) mutant variants of different barley ROPs (HvRACB, HvRAC1, HvRAC3) in barley. CA HvROPs induced epidermal cell expansion and/or abolished polarity in tip growing root hairs. All three CA HvROPs enhanced susceptibility of barley to penetration by Bgh whereas only CA HvRAC1 supported whole cell H(2)O(2) production in non-penetrated cells. Despite increasing penetration by Bgh, CA HvRAC1 promoted callose deposition at sites of fungal attack and resistance to penetration by Magnaporthe oryzae. The data show an involvement of ROPs in polar growth processes of the monocot barley and in responses to fungal pathogens with different life style.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Phytopathologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Indira Priyadarshini
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Pathuri
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zellerhoff
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schaffrath
authors.forename: Götz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumlehn
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kogel
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eichmann
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hückelhoven
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001483:Base Sequence; D048429:Cell Size; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins
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