title: Transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma under real-time computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiofrequency ablation has been accepted as a safe treatment for unresectable malignant hepatic tumors. Tumors beneath the diaphragmatic dome may be difficult to visualize with ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to assess the use of transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation under real-time computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four radiofrequency ablation treatments by means of a transpulmonary approach were performed in 22 patients under computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance between December 2002 and April 2006. Every patient had a hepatocellular carcinoma less than 3cm in size beneath the diaphragmatic dome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation under real-time computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance was successfully performed in every procedure. There was no local tumor recurrence in 22 cases (92%) on follow-up dynamic computed tomography performed an average of 8 months after radiofrequency ablation. The major complication was pneumothorax after 9 procedures (38%): pneumothorax in 6 patients had completely resolved on follow-up chest radiographs, and was treated with manual aspiration immediately after radiofrequency ablation in 3 patients, and no patients required chest-tube placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transpulmonary radiofrequency ablation under computed tomography-fluoroscopic guidance is a useful method for the accurate and safe ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma that is not detectable with ultrasonography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. tkato@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011677:Punctures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome