title: The evaluation of a trial of syringe vending machines in Canberra, Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syringe vending machines (SVMs) have been trialled in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, as an intervention aiming to increase the availability of sterile injecting equipment for use by IDUs. This study evaluated the 12-month trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A utilisation-focused evaluation model, with both formative and summative components, was employed. Four SVMs were installed, each dispensing packs containing four 1 mL syringes and associated injecting paraphernalia. The trial participants were the clients of the SVMs and other key informants. The core measurements used were the number of syringes dispensed in Canberra by SVMs and other outlets, SVM clients' demographics and experiences of and attitudes towards SVMs, perceived impacts of SVMs on needle sharing, unsafe disposal of used syringes in the vicinity of SVMs, and community and stakeholder attitudes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial was implemented successfully, with no adverse consequences identified. The SVMs appear to be serving both the usual clients of the other outlets for sterile injecting equipment (community pharmacies and the Needle Syringe Program outlets) and others who are reluctant to use such outlets or find them inconvenient. The out-of-business-hours provision of syringes through the SVMs was particularly welcomed by both SVM clients and other stakeholders. The continuing operation of the initial four SVMs is widely supported, and additional machines are requested by clients and others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to the success of the trial in terms of feasibility and outcomes for both IDUs and for the broader community, it is desirable that providing sterile injecting equipment through SVMs continues and be expanded as an integral component of harm reduction strategies.
authors.affiliation: Social Research & Evaluation Pty Ltd, Canberra, ACT, Australia. mail@socialresearch.com.au
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001315:Australia; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018671:Needle-Exchange Programs / Q000379:methods*; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000517:prevention & control; D013594:Syringes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*