title: Association between blood pressure responses to the cold pressor test and dietary sodium intervention in a Chinese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure (BP) responses to the cold pressor test (CPT) and to dietary sodium intake might be related to the risk of hypertension. We examined the association between BP responses to the CPT and to dietary sodium and potassium interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CPT and dietary intervention were conducted among 1906 study participants in rural China. The dietary intervention included three 7-day periods of low sodium intake (3 g/d of salt [sodium chloride] [51.3 mmol/d of sodium]), high sodium intake (18 g/d of salt [307.8 mmol/d of sodium]), and high sodium intake plus potassium chloride supplementation (60 mmol/d). A total of 9 BP measurements were obtained during the 3-day baseline observation and the last 3 days of each intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure response to the CPT was significantly associated with BP changes during the sodium and potassium interventions (all P < .001). Compared with the lowest quartile of BP response to the CPT (quartile 1), systolic BP changes (95% confidence intervals) for the quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were -2.02 (-2.87 to -1.16) mm Hg, -3.17 (-4.05 to -2.28) mm Hg, and -5.98 (-6.89 to -5.08) mm Hg, respectively, during the low-sodium intervention. Corresponding systolic BP changes during the high-sodium intervention were 0.40 (-0.36 to 1.16) mm Hg, 0.44 (-0.35 to 1.22) mm Hg, and 2.30 (1.50 to 3.10) mm Hg, respectively, and during the high-sodium plus potassium supplementation intervention were -0.26 (-0.99 to 0.46) mm Hg, -0.95 (-1.70 to -0.20) mm Hg, and -1.59 (-2.36 to -0.83) mm Hg, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that BP response to the CPT was associated with salt sensitivity and potassium sensitivity. Furthermore, a low-sodium or high-potassium diet might be more effective to lower BP among individuals with high responses to the CPT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1443 Tulane Ave SL45, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. jchen@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dongfeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Cashell E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jaquish
authors.forename: Chung-Shiuan
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Depei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hixson
authors.forename: L Lee
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: C Charles
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Whelton
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002681:China; D003080:Cold Temperature; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019722:Sphygmomanometers; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D011188:Potassium
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