title: Increasing process understanding by analyzing complex interactions in experimental data.
abstract: There is a recognized need for new approaches to understand unit operations with pharmaceutical relevance. A method for analyzing complex interactions in experimental data is introduced. Higher-order interactions do exist between process parameters, which complicate the interpretation of experimental results. In this study, experiments based on mixed factorial design of coating process were performed. Drug release was analyzed by traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized multiplicative ANOVA (GEMANOVA). GEMANOVA modeling is introduced in this study as a new tool for increased understanding of a coating process. It was possible to model the response, that is, the amount of drug released, using both mentioned techniques. However, the ANOVA model was difficult to interpret as several interactions between process parameters existed. In contrast to ANOVA, GEMANOVA is especially suited for modeling complex interactions and making easily understandable models of these. GEMANOVA modeling allowed a simple visualization of the entire experimental space. Furthermore, information was obtained on how relative changes in the settings of process parameters influence the film quality and thereby drug release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. kn@farma.ku.dk
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naelapää
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allesø
authors.forename: Henning G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: Rasmus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bro
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rantanen
authors.forename: Poul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertelsen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003460:Crystallization; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004339:Drug Compounding; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007700:Kinetics; D012107:Research Design; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents