title: Motor imagery to enhance recovery after subcortical stroke: who might benefit, daily dose, and potential effects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Motor imagery may enhance motor recovery after stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the proportion of patients able to perform motor imagery, the feasibility of delivery of motor imagery training (MIT), and the effects of MIT on motor recovery in an exploratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  An immediate pretreatment and posttreatment single-group design was used to study 10 patients after subcortical stroke with neuromuscular weakness in the upper limb. MIT that included upper limb activities reflecting everyday tasks was provided for 10 consecutive working days. Measures included assessment of chaotic motor imagery, patient report of tolerability of MIT, Motricity Index (MI), Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and quality of movement (MAL-QOM). MIT dose was changed in response to patient feedback. Graphed motor function scores were inspected visually for clinically important changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of the 10 patients were unable to perform motor imagery. Patient opinion was positive about the content and shaped daily dose of MIT given in two 20-minute periods separated by a 10-minute rest. Clinically important changes in motor scores were found. Four patients increased MI score (range 8-16), 3 patients increased 9HPT score (range 0.02-0.04 pegs/second), and 4 patients increased MAL-QOM score (range 0.63-1.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIT was received positively by patients, but 40% were unable to perform imagery and interindividual variations were found on motor function.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Valerie M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009048:Motor Skills; D018579:Patient Selection; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult