title: Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3) null-mutant phenotypes in embryonic gonadal development.
abstract: The role transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) isoforms TGFb1, TGFb2 and TGFb3 have in the regulation of embryonic gonadal development was investigated with the use of null-mutant (i.e. knockout) mice for each of the TGFb isoforms. Late embryonic gonadal development was investigated because homozygote TGFb null-mutant mice generally die around birth, with some embryonic loss as well. In the testis, the TGFb1 null-mutant mice had a decrease in the number of germ cells at birth, postnatal day 0 (P0). In the testis, the TGFb2 null-mutant mice had a decrease in the number of seminiferous cords at embryonic day 15 (E15). In the ovary, the TGFb2 null-mutant mice had an increase in the number of germ cells at P0. TGFb isoforms appear to have a role in gonadal development, but interactions between the isoforms is speculated to compensate in the different TGFb isoform null-mutant mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4234, USA.
authors.forename: Mushtaq A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Anway
authors.forename: Trevor R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Covert
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzumcu
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002452:Cell Count; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053781:Transforming Growth Factor beta2; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
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