title: Peroxynitrite augments fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling via myofibroblast differentiation.
abstract: Irreversible airflow limitation in asthma is associated with airway remodeling in which the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts plays a pivotal role. In asthmatic airways, excessive production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has been observed. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether peroxynitrite, one of the RNS, can affect the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Human fetal lung fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of authentic peroxynitrite or a peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), and the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and desmin, markers of myofibroblast differentiation, were evaluated. The releases of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and ECM proteins including fibronectin and collagen I were assessed. To clarify the mechanism in this differentiation, the effect of anti-TGF-beta antibody or NF-kappaB inhibitors on the alpha-SMA expression and ECM production was assessed. Peroxynitrite and SIN-1 significantly augmented the alpha-SMA expression compared with control in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Peroxynitrite significantly increased desmin and TGF-beta(1) production (P < 0.01). Peroxynitrite enhanced the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus confirmed by immunocytostaining and immunoblotting. Peroxynitrite-augmented alpha-SMA expression was blocked by NF-kappaB inhibitors, MG132 and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and anti-TGF-beta antibody. CAPE completely inhibited the peroxynitrite-augmented TGF-beta(1) release. The production of fibronectin and collagen I was significantly increased by peroxynitrite (P < 0.01) and inhibited by anti-TGF-beta antibody. These results suggest that RNS can affect the differentiation to myofibroblasts and excessive ECM production via a NF-kappaB-TGF-beta(1)-dependent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hisatoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koarai
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hayata
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Tsunahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichinose
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology*; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000906:Antibodies; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003893:Desmin; D005353:Fibronectins; D007976:Leupeptins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C002385:linsidomine; D008981:Molsidomine; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde