title: Patients with Epstein Barr virus-positive lymphomas have decreased CD4(+) T-cell responses to the viral nuclear antigen 1.
abstract: Epstein Barr virus (EBV) causes lymphomas in immune competent and, at increased frequencies, in immune compromised patients. In the presence of an intact immune system, EBV-associated lymphomas express in most cases only 3 or fewer EBV antigens at the protein level, always including the nuclear antigen 1 of EBV (EBNA1). EBNA1 is a prominent target for EBV-specific CD4(+) T cell and humoral immune responses in healthy EBV carriers. Here we demonstrate that patients with EBV-associated lymphomas, primarily Hodgkin's lymphoma, lack detectable EBNA1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses and have slightly altered EBNA1-specific antibody titers at diagnosis. In contrast, the majority of EBV-negative lymphoma patients had detectable IFN-gamma expression and proliferation by CD4(+) T cells in response to EBNA1, and carry EBNA1-specific immunoglobulins at levels similar to healthy virus carriers. Other EBV antigens, which were not present in the tumors, were recognized in less EBV positive, than negative lymphoma patients, but detectable responses reached similar CD8(+) T cell frequencies in both cohorts. Patients with EBV-positive and -negative lymphomas did not differ in T-cell responses in influenza-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and in antibody titers against tetanus toxoid. These data suggest a selective loss of EBNA1-specific immune control in EBV-associated lymphoma patients, which should be targeted for immunotherapy of these malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology, Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arrey
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steinherz
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Portlock
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chadburn
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Münz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C432687:EBNA1BP2 protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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