title: Degenerative change in the adjacent segments to the fusion site after posterolateral lumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation--a minimum 4-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy remains regarding the subsequent degeneration of adjacent segments, and little reliable information could be found in the literature regarding long-term clinical results and adjacent segment degeneration. The objective of this study is to investigate the degenerative change of adjacent segments to the fusion site and clinical outcome after posterolateral lumbar fusion with pedicle screw instrumentation and identify the risk factors in degenerative change at adjacent segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients who underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion and were able to be followed over four years were evaluated in this study. The intervertebral disc height, percent of slip, lumbosacral joint angle, lumbar lordosis and disc angle were all examined. The postoperative progression of degeneration at adjacent segments were defined as more than a 50 % narrowing in the adjacent disc height or more than a 5 % slip in adjacent segments in comparison to the preoperative neutral lateral radiographs. The clinical results were assessed using an evaluation scores for lumbar lesions proposed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen (46.8%) of the 32 patients had adjacent segment degeneration including slip or narrowing. No significant correlation was found between the adjacent segment degeneration and the recovery rate at the final follow-up. In addition, no significant correlation was observed between the adjacent segment degeneration at the lastest follow-up and postoperative radiographic measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of radiographic degeneration at the adjacent segments was 46.8%. No significant correlation was found between degenerative change in the adjacent segments and the clinical results. We could not identify any preoperative radiographic factors which might have influenced the segments adjacent to the fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. tetsuo884hayashi@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arizono
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moro-oka
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Sachio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013169:Spondylolysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors