title: The effect of testosterone alone and testosterone + estradiol therapy on bladder functions and smooth muscle/collagen content in surgically menopause induced rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of testosterone alone and testosterone+estradiol therapy on bladder functions and smooth muscle/collagen content in surgically menopause induced rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 34 female Sprague-Dawley rats, and the rats were divided into four groups. After bilateral oophorectomy, during a 60 days period, six rats received IM saline injection for one time, as a control group, and nine rats received testosterone undecanoate 100mg/kg IM for one time, and nine rats received testosterone undecanoate 100mg/kg IM for one time + daily 0.50mg nasal spray of 17beta estradiol. Ten rats were taken as sham group. Urodynamic studies were performed in all groups before and after the study. The rats were sacrificed after 60 days, and cystometric findings and smooth muscle/collagen ratio of the bladders were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in maximal bladder capacity and compliance were significantly higher in the testosterone treatment group and testosterone + estradiol treatment group than in the control group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively for bladder capacity; p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively for bladder compliance). Smooth muscle/collagen ratio of the bladders was significantly higher in the testosterone and testosterone + estradiol treatment groups than in the control group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.008, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that bladder functions may deteriorate in postmenopausal period. In addition to estrogen replacement therapy, testosterone has a significant role to increase bladder smooth muscle, leading to improvement in bladder functions in postmenopausal women with urogenital system dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cayan
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tek
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balli
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oztuna
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karazindiyanoğlu
authors.forename: Selahittin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000517:prevention & control; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D003094:Collagen; C010792:testosterone undecanoate