title: A pharmacokinetic study of two modified-release methylphenidate formulations under different food conditions in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary objective was to investigate bioequivalence of Ritalin LA(R); 40 mg compared to Medikinet retard 40 mg in healthy male volunteers under fasted and fed conditions. Secondary objectives included assessment of tolerability and determination of further pharmacokinetic parameters. The difference between the kinetic profiles of Ritalin LA(R) and Medikinet retard with respect to breakfast intake was additionally explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 subjects were randomized in this open-label, four-treatment, cross-over-design study. Pharmacokinetic evaluations included AUC(0-inf), Cmax, tmax, elimination half life (t1/2) and mean residence time MRT(0-inf)). The relative bioavailability of Ritalin LA(R) and Medikinet retard and the food effect were assessed using a 90% confidence interval (CI) based on the lower and upper endpoints of the CI for the ratios of the geometric means being within the 80 - 125% equivalence criterion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 volunteers completed all treatment arms. Frequency of adverse events were comparable for all treatments. Under fasted condition Ritalin LA(R) showed a consistent bimodal concentration time profile with two tmax peaks. Medikinet retard showed a steady absorption with a single tmax peak. The point estimators for AUC(0-inf) and Cmax were found to be 99.7% and 85.9%, respectively. Under fed condition both Ritalin LA(R) and Medikinet retard showed a bimodal concentration time profile with two tmax peaks. The point estimators for AUC(0-inf) and Cmax were estimated as 89.8% and 68.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both methylphenidate formulations were safe and well tolerated. Ritalin LA and Medikinet retard were bioequivalent in fasted state but not in fed state. Only Ritalin LA had a biphasic kinetic profile under both fasted and fed conditions. This difference in the kinetic profiles might be of clinical relevance and might offer a potential advantage of Ritalin LA.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Child Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haessler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tracik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stammer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klatt
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate