title: Pathophysiology and treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
abstract: Diabetes is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy, and painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) affects approximately 30% of diabetic patients with neuropathy. It is extremely distressing for the patient and poses significant management difficulties because no treatment provides total relief, and side effects of therapy are a major limiting factor for titrating therapy. Understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy may lead to the development of new treatments to prevent nerve damage, and a better understanding of the mechanisms that modulate pain may lead to more effective relief of painful symptoms. We provide an update on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PDN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.forename: Moaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojaddidi
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fadavi
authors.forename: Rayaz A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans
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