title: Dietary energy density predicts women's weight change over 6 y.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary energy density (ED) is positively associated with energy intake, but little is known about long-term effects on weight change.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether dietary ED predicts weight change over 6 y among a sample of non-Hispanic, white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were part of a 6-y longitudinal study (n = 186), assessed at baseline and biennially. ED (in kcal/g) was calculated from the energy content of all foods (excluding beverages) with the use of three 24-h recalls. Height and weight were measured in triplicate to calculate body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). Repeated measures (PROC MIXED) were used to examine the influence of ED on weight change, before and after adjusting for initial weight status. Food choices were examined among subjects consuming low-, medium-, and high-ED diets at study entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ED did not change across time for a subject. ED was positively associated with weight gain and higher BMI over time; this association did not vary by BMI classification. Food group data showed that, compared with women consuming higher-ED diets, women consuming lower-ED diets reported significantly lower total energy intakes and consumed fewer servings of baked desserts, refined grains, and fried vegetables and more servings of vegetables, fruit, and cereal. Women consuming lower-ED diets ate more meals at the table and fewer meals in front of the television.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that consumption of a lower-ED diet moderates weight gain, which may promote weight maintenance. Consuming lower ED diets can be achieved by consuming more servings of fruit and vegetables and limiting intake of high-fat foods.
authors.affiliation: Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Leann L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Birch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D044465:White People; D014930:Women
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1212-21
references.pmid: 17490955
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2003;916:i-viii, 1-149, backcover
references.pmid: 12768890
references.citation: Appetite. 2003 Oct;41(2):175-80
references.pmid: 14550315
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2006 Jul 30;88(4-5):597-604
references.pmid: 16822530
references.citation: Obes Res. 2005 Jun;13(6):1052-60
references.pmid: 15976148
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1362-8
references.pmid: 16762948
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Sep;36(3):546-53
references.pmid: 6180624
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;71(3):829-34
references.pmid: 10702180
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Aug;106(8):1172-80
references.pmid: 16863711
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 May;105(5 Suppl 1):S98-103
references.pmid: 15867904
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):863-71
references.pmid: 10232624
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Mar;133 Suppl 3:895S-920S
references.pmid: 12612176
references.citation: Ethn Health. 1996 Dec;1(4):327-35
references.pmid: 9395577
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Mar;27(3):369-76
references.pmid: 12629565
references.citation: Adv Data. 2004 Oct 27;(347):1-17
references.pmid: 15544194
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):962-8
references.pmid: 15159224
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Aug;29(8):950-6
references.pmid: 15917854
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jun;85(6):1465-77
references.pmid: 17556681
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Jan;14(1):106-14
references.pmid: 16493128
references.citation: Obes Res. 2005 Aug;13(8):1431-41
references.pmid: 16129726
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 Apr;107(4):666-71
references.pmid: 17383273
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Mar;67(3):412-20
references.pmid: 9497184
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Feb;28(2):278-81
references.pmid: 14647183
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Sep;30(9):1397-407
references.pmid: 16534519
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Feb 27;115(8):1004-11
references.pmid: 17283263
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2001 Aug;59(8 Pt 1):247-58
references.pmid: 11518179
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2007 Jun;31(6):978-86
references.pmid: 17264847
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Apr;24(4):395-403
references.pmid: 10805494
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):900-6
references.pmid: 14523184
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Dec;67(6):967-74
references.pmid: 10596518
references.citation: J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):273-8
references.pmid: 15671225
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2004 Aug;82(1):131-8
references.pmid: 15234601
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2004 Aug;92 Suppl 1:S15-8
references.pmid: 15384316
references.citation: Lipids. 2003 Feb;38(2):109-15
references.pmid: 12733741
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2007 Apr;30(4):974-9
references.pmid: 17229942
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2004 Nov;27(11):2707-15
references.pmid: 15505009
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Apr;65(4 Suppl):1254S-1263S
references.pmid: 9094930
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253
references.pmid: 11234459