title: Urethrectomy following cystectomy for bladder cancer in men: practice patterns and impact on survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The benefit of urethrectomy in patients with bladder cancer who are undergoing cystectomy is controversial. We describe the frequency of urethrectomy by bladder cancer stage and identify clinical characteristics that predict urethrectomy. We also investigated whether urethrectomy offers any additional independent survival benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,401 men who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy between 1991 and 2002 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors driving urethrectomy. We then analyzed the records of 195 men who underwent urethrectomy to find predictors of that procedure as salvage for urethral recurrence vs concurrently with cystoprostatectomy or as a staged procedure. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis we analyzed whether urethrectomy had an independent effect on disease specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The only significant predictor of urethrectomy was stage. Patients at a teaching hospital were more likely to undergo salvage urethrectomy for recurrence vs immediate urethrectomy compared to those at urban nonteaching hospitals. Patient age, race, number of comorbidities and tumor stage were significant independent predictors of survival. Survival in men who underwent urethrectomy concurrently with cystoprostatectomy was higher than in those who did not undergo urethrectomy but not statistically significant (HR = 0.775, 95% CI 0.592-1.014, p = 0.0632).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease stage is related to urethrectomy performance. Age, race, stage and comorbidities were independent predictors of overall survival in patients with bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy. Urethrectomy did not confer a significant independent survival benefit.
authors.affiliation: University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nelles
authors.forename: Badrinath R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Konety
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saigal
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000379:methods; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
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