title: Screening rules for growth to detect celiac disease: a case-control simulation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is generally assumed that most patients with celiac disease (CD) have a slowed growth in terms of length (or height) and weight. However, the effectiveness of slowed growth as a tool for identifying children with CD is unknown. Our aim is to study the diagnostic efficiency of several growth criteria used to detect CD children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control simulation study was carried out. Longitudinal length and weight measurements from birth to 2.5 years of age were used from three groups of CD patients (n = 134) (one group diagnosed by screening, two groups with clinical manifestations), and a reference group obtained from the Social Medical Survey of Children Attending Child Health Clinics (SMOCC) cohort (n = 2,151) in The Netherlands. The main outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for each criterion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index (BMI) performed best for the groups with clinical manifestations. Thirty percent of the CD children with clinical manifestations and two percent of the reference children had a BMI Standard Deviation Score (SDS) less than -1.5 and a decrease in BMI SDS of at least -2.5 (PPV = 0.85%). The growth criteria did not discriminate between the screened CD group and the reference group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the CD children with clinical manifestations, the most sensitive growth parameter is a decrease in BMI SDS. BMI is a better predictor than weight, and much better than length or height. Toddlers with CD detected by screening grow normally at this stage of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Statistics, TNO Quality of life, Leiden, The Netherlands. paula.vandommelen@tno.nl
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Dommelen
authors.forename: Floor K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Wilma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oostdijk
authors.forename: Sabine M P F de Muinck
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Keizer-Schrama
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Damen
authors.forename: Cassandra G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Csizmadia
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Verkerk
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wit
authors.forename: Stef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Buuren
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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