title: DTD, an anti-inflammatory ditriazine, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The ditriazine derivative DTD (4,10-dichloropyrido[5,6:4,5]thieno[3,2-d':3,2-d]-1,2,3-ditriazine) has been previously reported to reduce the degree of granulomatous inflammation and vascular density in a murine air pouch granuloma model. The aim of this study was to test whether DTD affects angiogenesis. Our results show that DTD inhibits in vivo angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay at doses equal or lower than 0.3 nmol/egg. Different in vitro assays were used to study the potential effects of this compound on key steps of angiogenesis, namely, a colorimetric assay of cell proliferation/viability, a morphogenesis on Matrigel assay, zymographic assays for gelatinases and nuclear morphology and cell cycle analysis for apoptosis induction. Our data indicate that DTD inhibits proliferation but does not induce apoptosis in endothelial cells in vitro. DTD suppresses the endothelial capillary-like chord formation at concentrations lower than those required to inhibit proliferation. DTD treatment inhibits the matrix metalloproteinase-2 production in endothelial and fibrosarcoma cells, but does not affect the cyclooxygenase-2 expression in endothelial cells, as assessed by western blot analysis. Taken together, results here presented indicate that DTD exhibits an anti-angiogenic activity that is independent of inflammatory processes and make it a promising drug for further evaluation in the treatment of angiogenesis-related pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martínez-Poveda
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Chápuli
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riguera
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Ana R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Quesada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C412523:4,10-dichloropyrido(5,6:4,5)thieno(3,2-d')-1,2,3-ditriazine; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D014227:Triazines; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D018093:Gelatinases
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