title: Effect of smoking habits on sleep.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of smoking habits on sleep, data from 1492 adults referred to the Sleep Institute were accessed and divided into 3 categories of smoking status: current, former and non-smokers. Categories of pack-years (<15 and > or =15) defined smoking severity. The association of smoking status and smoking severity with sleep was analyzed for sleep parameters, especially apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) > or =5, more than 5% of total sleep time (TST) spent with oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) <90%, and arousal index. The arousal index was higher among current (21 +/- 17) and former smokers (20 +/- 17) than non-smokers (17 +/- 15; P < 0.04). Former smokers had a higher percent of TST at SaO2 <90% than non-smokers (9 +/- 18 vs 6 +/- 13; P < 0.04). Former smokers with pack-years > or =15 compared to <15 exhibited higher AHI (22 +/- 24 vs 16 +/- 21; P < 0.05) and arousal index (22 +/- 19 vs 18 +/- 15; P < 0.05). Current smokers with pack-years > or =15 compared to <15 exhibited higher arousal index (23 +/- 18 vs 18 +/- 16; P < 0.05) and percent of TST at SaO2 <90% (11 +/- 17 vs 6 +/- 13; P < 0.05). Smoking status and pack-years were not associated with AHI > or =5 on logistic regression analysis, but current smokers with pack-years > or =15 were 1.9 times more likely to spend more than 5% of TST at SaO2 <90% than non-smokers (95%CI = 1.21-2.97; P = 0.005). The variability of arousal index was influenced by gender, AHI and current smokers with pack-years > or =15 (all P < 0.01). Smoking habits seem to be associated with arousal and oxyhemoglobin desaturation during sleep, but not with AHI. The effect was more pronounced in current than former smokers.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Sono-Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. silvia@psicobio.epm.br
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Roizenblatt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palombini
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: L R A
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D017286:Polysomnography; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010108:Oxyhemoglobins