title: The human ERG1 channel polymorphism, K897T, creates a phosphorylation site that inhibits channel activity.
abstract: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human ether-a-go-go-related gene 1, hERG1, are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. The Kv11.1 channels encoded by hERG1 are also essential for rhythmic excitability of the pituitary, where they are regulated by thyroid hormone through a signal transduction cascade involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the Ser/Thr-directed protein phosphatase, PP5. Here, we show that the hERG1 polymorphism at codon 897, which is read as a Thr instead of a Lys, creates a phosphorylation site for the Akt protein kinase on the Kv11.1 channel protein. Consequently, hormonal signaling through the PI3K signaling cascade, which normally stimulates K897 channels through PP5-mediated dephosphorylation, inhibits T897 channels through Akt-mediated phosphorylation. Thus, hormonal regulation of Kv11.1 in humans with the T897 polymorphism is predicted to prolong the QT interval of cardiac myocytes. A systematic bioinformatics search for SNPs in human ion channel genes identified 15 additional candidates for such "phosphorylopathies," which are predicted to create or destroy putative phosphorylation sites. Changes in protein phosphorylation might represent a general mechanism for the interaction of genetic variation and environment on human health.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scappini
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erxleben
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014284:Triiodothyronine; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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