title: Formative evaluation of standardized training for CT colonographic image interpretation by novice readers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce an educational intervention-specifically, a specialized training course-and perform a formative evaluation of the effect of the intervention on novice reader interpretation of computed tomography (CT) colonographic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was institutional review board approved. Ten normal and 50 abnormal cases, those of 60 patients with 93 polyps-61 polyps 6-9 mm in diameter and 32 polyps 10 mm or larger-were selected from a previously published trial. Seven novice readers underwent initial training that consisted of a 1-day course, reading assignments, a self-study computer module (with 61 limited data sets), observation of an expert interpreting three cases, and full interpretation of 10 cases with unblinding after each case. After training, the observers independently interpreted 60 cases by means of primary two-dimensional reading with unblinding after each case. For each case, the reading time and the location and maximal diameter of the polyp(s) were recorded. A t test was used to evaluate the observers' improvements, and empirical receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By-patient sensitivities and specificities were determined for each observer. The lowest by-patient sensitivity at the 6 mm or larger polyp threshold was 86%, with 90% specificity. Four observers had 100% by-patient sensitivity at the 10 mm or larger polyp threshold, with 82%-97% specificity. For polyps 10 mm or larger, mean sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 92%, respectively. For the last 20 cases, the average interpretation time per case was 25 minutes. The range of areas under the ROC curve across observers was low: 0.86-0.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the described polyp-enriched cohort, novice CT colonographic data readers achieved high sensitivity and good specificity at formative evaluation of a comprehensive training program. Use of a similar comprehensive training method might reduce interreader variability in interpretation accuracy and be useful for reader certification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, MC 2026, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ahdachma@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Abraham H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dachman
authors.forename: Katherine B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zintsmaster
authors.forename: Rich
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khankari
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: Arif N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qalbani
authors.forename: Joel G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods