title: Inhibitory effect of synthetic cannabinoids on cytokine production in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify whether synthetic cannabinoids (CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2) are able to exert an anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by down-regulating cytokine production, and determine whether this effect could be mediated by CB1/CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were assayed in the supernatant from cultured FLS by ELISA method before and after 3 hours of incubation with CP55,940 (10 microM) and WIN55,212-2 (10 microM). Co-stimulation of cells with the cannabinoid receptor antagonists was performed to evaluate receptor involvement in cytokine modulation. All the experiments were conducted in basal conditions and after 1 hour pre-incubation with 0.1 ng/ml IL-1beta. FLS expression of CB1 and CB2 receptor was studied by Western Blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2 induced a potent and significant reduction in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion from IL-1beta. stimulated FLS. Although FLS express CB1 and CB2 receptor, cannabinoid receptor antagonists did not significantly modify the inhibition of cytokines secretion induced by CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2 exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid FLS via a non-CB1/CB2 receptor mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, Italy. enrico.selvi@gmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garcia-Gonzalez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lazzerini
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Capecchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balistreri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niccolini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pompella
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guideri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laghi Pasini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcolongo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone; C054649:3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol