title: Apically extruded debris with three contemporary Ni-Ti instrumentation systems: an ex vivo comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comparatively evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris when ProTaper hand, ProTaper rotary and ProFile systems were used for the instrumentation of root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty minimally curved, mature, human mandibular premolars with single canals were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each. Each group was instrumented using one of the three instrumentation systems: ProTaper hand, ProTaper rotary and ProFile. Five milliliters of sterile water were used as an irrigant. Debris extruded was collected in preweighed polyethylene vials and the extruded irrigant was evaporated. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by comparing the pre- and postinstrumentation weight of polyethylene vials for each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to determine if significant differences existed among the groups ( P< 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All instruments tested produced a measurable amount of debris. No statistically significant difference was observed between ProTaper hand and ProFile system ( P > 0.05). Although ProTaper rotary extruded a relatively higher amount of debris, no statistically significant difference was observed between this type and the ProTaper hand instruments ( P > 0.05). The ProTaper rotary extruded significantly more amount of debris compared to the ProFile system ( P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that all instruments tested produced apical extrusion of debris. The ProTaper rotary extruded a significantly higher amount of debris than the ProFile.
authors.affiliation: Division of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Center for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India. apexlogani@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Logani
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology*; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D014867:Water; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium