title: Estrogen receptor related beta is expressed in human endometrium throughout the normal menstrual cycle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Estrogen receptor related beta (ERRbeta, ESRRB/NR3B2) is an orphan receptor that shares significant sequence homology with estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta. ERR family members are reported to exhibit constitutive transcriptional activity; however, little is known about the biological function of ERRbeta. In an attempt to delineate its role, we examined expression of ERRbeta in normal human endometrium, a tissue that undergoes cyclic remodelling under the influence of estrogen and progesterone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Well-characterized endometrial tissue (n = 31), including full-thickness biopsies, was obtained from women with regular menstrual cycles. RT-PCR was used to measure mRNA encoding ERRbeta, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivators (PGC)-1alpha and beta and to determine whether ERRbeta splice variant mRNAs were expressed. ERRbeta was immunolocalized using both single and double antibody immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total ERRbeta mRNA appeared higher in proliferative phase samples but results did not reach significance. Transcripts corresponding to the long- and short-splice variants of ERRbeta as well as PGC1alpha and beta were detected but ERRbetaDelta10 was absent. ERRbeta protein was localized to cell nuclei within multiple endometrial cell types including the glands, stroma, endothelium and immune cells, including uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and macrophages. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry revealed that some cells co-expressed ERRbeta and ERalpha or ERbeta, for example, endothelial and uNK cells were ERRbeta+/ERbeta+.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERRbeta mRNA and protein are expressed in healthy human endometrium. Further studies are warranted to characterize the functional impact of ERRbeta on endometrial biology.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bombail
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Hilary O D
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Critchley
authors.forename: Philippa T K
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Saunders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; C455622:PPARGC1B protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014157:Transcription Factors; C107914:estrogen receptor-related receptor beta
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