title: Population genomics and speciation.
abstract: The process of speciation begins with genomically-localised barriers to gene exchange associated with loci for local adaptation, intrinsic incompatibility or assortative mating. The barrier then spreads until reproductive isolation influences the whole genome. The population genomics approach can be used to identify regions of reduced gene flow by detecting loci with greater differentiation than expected from the average across many loci. Recently, this approach has been used in several systems. I review these studies, concentrating on the robustness of the approach and the methods available to go beyond the simple identification of differentiated markers. Population genomics has already contributed significantly to understanding the balance between gene flow and selection during the evolution of reproductive isolation and has great future potential both in genome species and in non-model organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK, r.k.butlin@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Roger K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Butlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049810:Genetic Speciation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
references.citation: Genetics. 2007 Apr;175(4):1883-93
references.pmid: 17277373
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2005 Sep;3(9):e285
references.pmid: 16076241
references.citation: Genome Res. 2006 Oct;16(10):1191-2
references.pmid: 17018517
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Oct;17(19):4334-45
references.pmid: 18986504
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2004 Apr;13(4):969-80
references.pmid: 15012769
references.citation: Genetics. 2007 Oct;177(2):1011-22
references.pmid: 17720934
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Jun;24(6):1423-38
references.pmid: 17404398
references.citation: Evolution. 2008 May;62(5):1162-81
references.pmid: 18298645
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Dec;4(12):981-94
references.pmid: 14631358
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2005 Nov;6(11):847-59
references.pmid: 16304600
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Nov 11;23(21):4407-14
references.pmid: 7501463
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2007 Jul;16(14):2910-21
references.pmid: 17614906
references.citation: Genome Res. 2002 Dec;12(12):1805-14
references.pmid: 12466284
references.citation: Genetics. 1999 Dec;153(4):1863-71
references.pmid: 10581291
references.citation: Genetics. 2003 Mar;163(3):939-53
references.pmid: 12663534
references.citation: Evolution. 2008 Feb;62(2):316-36
references.pmid: 17999721
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2004 May;21(5):945-56
references.pmid: 15014172
references.citation: Genome Res. 2006 Oct;16(10):1193-4
references.pmid: 17018518
references.citation: Genetics. 2006 Feb;172(2):1093-105
references.pmid: 16322515
references.citation: Genetica. 2002 Nov;116(2-3):167-78
references.pmid: 12555775
references.citation: J Hered. 2003 Sep-Oct;94(5):429-31
references.pmid: 14557398
references.citation: Genetics. 2008 May;179(1):539-54
references.pmid: 18493070
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 2008 Feb;100(2):158-70
references.pmid: 17314923
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2005 Apr;22(4):1067-76
references.pmid: 15689532
references.citation: Science. 1998 Nov 20;282(5393):1501-4
references.pmid: 9822383
references.citation: Evolution. 2005 Apr;59(4):705-19
references.pmid: 15926683
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Oct;17(19):4177-80
references.pmid: 19378398
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2006 Nov;15(13):4229-42
references.pmid: 17054515
references.citation: Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):392-4
references.pmid: 16368896
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2006 Apr;23(4):773-83
references.pmid: 16396915
references.citation: Genet Res. 1997 Oct;70(2):155-74
references.pmid: 9449192
references.citation: Annu Rev Genet. 2005;39:197-218
references.pmid: 16285858
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Mar;17(6):1552-63
references.pmid: 18321255
references.citation: Evolution. 2006 Feb;60(2):268-78
references.pmid: 16610319
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7585-9
references.pmid: 16593886
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Aug;17(15):3565-82
references.pmid: 18312551
references.citation: Genetics. 2006 Mar;172(3):1607-19
references.pmid: 16299396
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 1999 Jun;8(6):907-13
references.pmid: 10434412
references.citation: Genome Res. 2006 Jun;16(6):702-12
references.pmid: 16687733
references.citation: Genome Res. 2006 Aug;16(8):980-9
references.pmid: 16825663
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Aug;20(8):435-40
references.pmid: 16701414
references.citation: Genet Sel Evol. 2006 Jan-Feb;38(1):3-23
references.pmid: 16451789
references.citation: Genome Res. 2006 Jun;16(6):730-7
references.pmid: 16687734
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Jan 7;271(1534):97-105
references.pmid: 15002777
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2002 Jan;11(1):139-51
references.pmid: 11903911
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Feb;25(2):417-37
references.pmid: 18065486
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2005 Feb;14(2):351-61
references.pmid: 15660930
references.citation: Genetics. 1973 May;74(1):175-95
references.pmid: 4711903
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2005 Mar;14(3):671-88
references.pmid: 15723660
references.citation: Genetics. 2003 Mar;163(3):955-72
references.pmid: 12663535
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Jul;17(13):3123-35
references.pmid: 18510587
references.citation: Nature. 2006 May 11;441(7090):210-3
references.pmid: 16467788
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Sep;24(9):2132-8
references.pmid: 17636041