title: A method to estimate dispersion in sampling catheters and to calculate dispersion-free blood time-activity curves.
abstract: The authors developed a transmission-dispersion model to estimate dispersion in blood sampling systems and to calculate dispersion-free input functions needed for kinetic analysis. Transport of molecules through catheters was considered in two parts: a central part with convective transmission of molecules and a stagnant layer that molecules may enter and leave. The authors measured dispersion caused by automatic and manual blood sampling using three PET tracers that distribute differently in blood (C15O, H2(15)O, and 11C-methylglucose). For manual sampling, dispersion was negligible. For the automated sampling procedure, characteristic parameters were calibrated for each tracer, and subsequently used in calculating dispersion-free input functions following real bolus injections. This led to shapes of dispersion-free input functions C(i)(t) that had sharper peaks than the measured C(o)(t), and the authors quantified the effect of correcting for dispersion before kinetic modeling. The transmission-dispersion model quantitatively takes apart effects of transmission and dispersion, it has transparent noise properties associated with each component, and it does not require deconvolution to calculate dispersion-free input functions. Once characteristic parameters are estimated, input functions can be corrected before applying kinetic models. This allows bias-free estimation of kinetic parameters such as blood flow.
authors.affiliation: PET Center Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. olmunk@pet.auh.dk
authors.forename: Ole Lajord
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Munk
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keiding
authors.forename: Ludvik
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bass
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008757:Methylglucosides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D008757:Methylglucosides; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1992 Sep;37(9):1741-58
references.pmid: 1409870
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med. 2001 Jan;28(1):81-9
references.pmid: 11202456
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 1998 Mar;39(3):509-15
references.pmid: 9529301
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1987 Dec;32(12):1569-79
references.pmid: 3501592
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1985 Jun;5(2):163-78
references.pmid: 3872872
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1987 Apr;7(2):143-53
references.pmid: 3558497
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1988 Apr;8(2):285-8
references.pmid: 3257762
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1990 Sep;10(5):740-7
references.pmid: 2384545
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 Sep;16(5):765-80
references.pmid: 8784222
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1984 Jun;4(2):224-34
references.pmid: 6427237
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1988 Jan;33(1):61-74
references.pmid: 3258428
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2007 May;48(5):802-10
references.pmid: 17475970
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med. 2000 Apr;27(4):407-12
references.pmid: 10805113
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 1993 Aug;34(8):1357-60
references.pmid: 8326399
references.citation: J Theor Biol. 2003 Nov 7;225(1):127-41
references.pmid: 14559065
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1983 Mar;3(1):1-7
references.pmid: 6822610
references.citation: Brain Res. 1982 Jun;257(2):237-74
references.pmid: 7104768
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2007 Jun;48(6):932-45
references.pmid: 17504879
references.citation: J Pharm Sci. 1993 Apr;82(4):421-8
references.pmid: 8468688
references.citation: J Hepatol. 1998 Sep;29(3):476-81
references.pmid: 9764997
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 1989 Jun;30(6):1069-78
references.pmid: 2786948
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1986 Oct;6(5):536-45
references.pmid: 3489723
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2001 Nov;42(11):1622-9
references.pmid: 11696630
references.citation: Phys Med Biol. 1991 Sep;36(9):1183-200
references.pmid: 1946602
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2001 May;42(5):795-801
references.pmid: 11337579
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2003 Nov;44(11):1862-70
references.pmid: 14602871
references.citation: J Theor Biol. 2002 Jan 21;214(2):263-73
references.pmid: 11812177