title: RAN GTPase is an effector of the invasive/metastatic phenotype induced by osteopontin.
abstract: Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein that binds to alpha v-containing integrins and is important in malignant transformation and cancer. Previously, we have utilized suppressive subtractive hybridization between mRNAs isolated from the Rama 37 (R37) rat mammary cell line and a subclone rendered invasive and metastatic by stable transfection with an expression vector for OPN to identify RAN GTPase (RAN) as the most overexpressed gene, in addition to that of OPN. Here we show that transfection of noninvasive R37 cells with an expression vector for RAN resulted in increased anchorage-independent growth, cell attachment and invasion through Matrigel in vitro, and metastasis in syngeneic rats. This induction of a malignant phenotype was induced independently of the expression of OPN, and was reversed by specifically reducing the expression of RAN using small-interfering RNAs. By using a combination of mutant protein and inhibitors, it was found that RAN signal transduction occurred through the c-Met receptor and PI3 kinase. This study therefore identifies RAN as a novel effector of OPN-mediated malignant transformation and some of its downstream signaling events in a mammary epithelial model of cancer invasion/metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kurisetty
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fernig
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rudland
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: El-Tanani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015870:Gene Expression; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000096:biosynthesis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053495:Osteopontin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein