title: Recombinant cardiac myosin fragment induces experimental autoimmune myocarditis via activation of Th1 and Th17 immunity.
abstract: The specificity and function of T helper (Th) immune responses underlying the induction, progression, and resolution of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in A/J mice are unclear. Published data suggest involvement of both Th1 and Th2 responses in EAM; however, the previous inability to assess antigen-specific in vivo and in vitro T-cell responses in cardiac myosin-immunized animals has confounded our understanding of this important model of autoimmune myocarditis. The goal of our study was to develop an alternative model of EAM based on a recombinant fragment of cardiac myosin, in hopes that the recombinant protein will permit measurement of functional T-cell responses that is not possible with purified native protein. A/J mice immunized with a recombinant fragment of cardiac myosin spanning amino acids 1074-1646, termed Myo4, developed severe myocarditis characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, massive mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis, three weeks post-immunization. The mice also developed an IgG1 dominant humoral immune response specific for both Myo4 and purified cardiac myosin. The in vitro stimulation of splenocytes harvested from Myo4-immunized animals with Myo4 resulted in cellular proliferation with preferential production of the Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-6, respectively. Production of IL-4 was negligible by comparison. This study describes a new model of EAM, inducible by immunization with a specific fragment of cardiac myosin, from which antigen-specific analyses reveal an importance for both Th1 and Th17 immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Melvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Kenneth V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: Kegiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Engman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024722:Cardiac Myosins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020381:Interleukin-17; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D024722:Cardiac Myosins
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