title: Hepatoprotective activity of purified fractions from Garcinia kola seeds in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride.
abstract: The hepatoprotective activity of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid complex from Garcinia kola seeds, and its purified fractions was investigated in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). The ability of vitamin E to attenuate the toxicity was also examined. KV was extracted from powdered seeds of G. kola and then separated by thin-layer chromatography into three fractions--Fraction I (FI), Fraction II (FII), and Fraction III (FIII), with ratio of fronts values of 0.48, 0.71, and 0.76, respectively. Pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks and then challenge with CCl(4) at a dose of 1.2 g/kg of body weight, three times a week for 2 consecutive weeks, decreased the CCl(4)-induced increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 31%, 30%, and 31% and 41%, 55%, and 42%, respectively. CCl(4) intoxication also caused a significant (P < .05) accumulation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products as revealed by the formation of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances: CCl(4) induced LPO levels in serum and microsomes by 112% and 89%, respectively. However, pretreatment with KV, FI, and FII decreased LPO levels in serum by 31%, 41%, and 40% and in microsomes by 48%, 39%, and 35%, respectively. Vitamin E was protective in reducing the CCl(4)-induced increase in levels of AST, ALT, and gamma-glutamyl transferase as well as LPO. Furthermore, CCl(4) intoxication significantly (P < .05) decreased the activities of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase, aniline hydroxylase, and cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While pretreatments with KV, FI, and FII were able to ameliorate the levels of glucose-6-phosphatase and GST, there were no significant (P > .05) effects on the levels of aniline hydroxylase and DT-diaphorase. This study confirms that FI and FII from KV enhanced recovery from CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing the extent of LPO and also inducing the levels of phase II enzyme (GST). These fractions are responsible for the observed antihepatotoxic effect of KV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. aoadaramoye@yahoo.com
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adaramoye
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Farombi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nssien
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Idowu
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ademowo
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029763:Garcinia kola; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002784:Cholesterol; D005978:Glutathione; C045492:kolaviron