title: Antigen-specific antibody response in juvenile-onset SLE patients following routine immunization with tetanus toxoid.
abstract: Infection is now the most common cause of morbidity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). There is lack of information regarding the specific antibody formation in response to vaccines in young SLE patients.
  
  
  
  To determine the efficacy of anti-tetanus antibody response in young patients with SLE.
  
  
  
  Forty SLE patients with mean age of 14.1 years (range: 7-21) and 60 age and sex matched normal controls were enrolled in this study over a period of one year. Diagnosis was made according to the ACR criteria and disease activity was determined based on SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). All patients and controls had received the complete schedule of tetanus vaccinations consisting of three primary doses and two boosters by the age of six. Serum immunoglobulins and anti-tetanus antibody titers were determined by Nephelometry and ELISA. Anti-tetanus antibody levels greater than 0.1 IU/ml have been suggested as protective.
  
  
  
  In all of the patients and controls anti-tetanus antibody titer was > 0.1 IU/ml. IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were in the normal range for their age. Mean disease activity score was 4.9 (range: 0-16). There was no association between SLEDAI score and anti-tetanus antibody response.
  
  
  
  School age onset and immunosuppressive therapy does not seem to interfere with development of consistent immunity to tetanus vaccine in young SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. kashefs@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashef
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghazizadeh
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Derakhshan
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farjadian
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alyasin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid