title: Accounting for the effects of moderately increased pressure on the energetics of melting and solubility in metered dose inhalers.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to account for thermodynamic variations due to changes in the physical environment of propellant-based systems, particularly metered dose inhalers (MDIs). Twenty organic compounds were measured via differential scanning calorimetry under ambient pressure, 60 psi, and 90 psi. The increase in pressure did not affect the melting point of any of the compounds. A modest increase (approximately 8%) in enthalpy of fusion was noted. This correlates to a modest increase in entropy of fusion, and thus ideal crystalline solubility, though the magnitude of this change depends primarily on the melting point of the given compound. Because the relationship between melting point and solubility is logarithmic, compounds with higher melting points are affected more by this increased energy of melting. Based on the findings, modest changes can be made to predictive models to estimate solubility in propellant systems to account for changes in the physical environment of MDIs.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mogalian@pharmacy.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mogalian
authors.forename: Kia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sepassi
authors.forename: Paul Brian
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Myrdal
mesh_terms: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D011312:Pressure; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D005617:Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; C094049:apaflurane; D005466:Fluorocarbons