title: Breast cancer and psychosocial factors: early stressful life events, social support, and well-being.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The allostasis theory postulates that stress causes the body to activate physiologic systems in order to maintain stability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to examine the relationship between earlier stress and later development of breast cancer (BC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Authors correlated discrete and interactive relationships of stressful life events, social support, and well-being during childhood and adolescence with the occurrence of BC in adulthood among 300 women with primary BC and 305 matched control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BC patients and control subjects reported similar childhood experiences. Yet, although childhood stressful life events were associated with reports of less family support and well being among the controls, those in the BC group who experienced high stress in early childhood actually expressed higher levels of family support and well-being than did those who had experienced lower levels of stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may reflect a tendency toward a repressive coping style among the BC group, which may be either a risk factor for the disease or a result of having it.
authors.affiliation: Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. karnig@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Karni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ginzburg
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wrensch
authors.forename: Terri
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Georgianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Farren
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012094:Repression, Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires