title: Lower respiratory capacity in extraocular muscle mitochondria: evidence for intrinsic differences in mitochondrial composition and function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The constant activity of the extraocular muscles is supported by abundant mitochondria. These organelles may enhance energy production by increasing the content of respiratory complexes. The authors tested the hypothesis that extraocular muscle mitochondria respire faster than do mitochondria from limb muscles because of the higher content of respiratory complexes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inner mitochondrial membrane density was determined by stereological analysis of triceps surae (a limb muscle) and extraocular muscles of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The authors measured respiration rates of isolated mitochondria using a Clark-type electrode. The activity of respiratory complexes I, II, and IV was determined by spectrophotometry. The content of respiratory complexes was estimated by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  States 3, 4, and 5 respiration rates in extraocular muscle mitochondria were 40% to 60% lower than in limb muscle mitochondria. Extraocular muscle inner mitochondrial membrane density was similar to that of other skeletal muscles. Activity of complexes I and IV was lower in extraocular muscle mitochondria (approximately 50% the activity in triceps), but their content was approximately 15% to 30% higher. There was no difference in complex II content or activity or complex III content. Finally, complex V was less abundant in extraocular muscle mitochondria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that extraocular muscle mitochondria respire at slower rates than mitochondria from limb muscles, despite similar mitochondrial ultrastructure. Instead, differences were found in the activity (I, IV) and content (I, IV, V) of electron transport chain complexes. The discrepancy between activity and content of some complexes is suggestive of alternative subunit isoform expression in the extraocular muscles compared with limb muscles.
authors.affiliation: Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Samir P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gamboa
authors.forename: Colleen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabchevsky
authors.forename: Francisco H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000502:physiology; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D042963:Electron Transport Complex II / Q000378:metabolism; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D042963:Electron Transport Complex II; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III
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