title: Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen content.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the estrogenic and androgenic activity of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and its effect on the hormonal profile and symptoms in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen postmenopausal women completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. They received 3.5 g/day of powered Maca for 6 weeks and matching placebo for 6 weeks, in either order, over a total of 12 weeks. At baseline and weeks 6 and 12 blood samples were collected for the measurement of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin, and the women completed the Greene Climacteric Scale to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. In addition, aqueous and methanolic Maca extracts were tested for androgenic and estrogenic activity using a yeast-based hormone-dependent reporter assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were seen in serum concentrations of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin between baseline, Maca treatment, and placebo (P > 0.05). The Greene Climacteric Scale revealed a significant reduction in scores in the areas of psychological symptoms, including the subscales for anxiety and depression and sexual dysfunction after Maca consumption compared with both baseline and placebo (P < 0.05). These findings did not correlate with androgenic or alpha-estrogenic activity present in the Maca as no physiologically significant activity was observed in yeast-based assays employing up to 4 mg/mL Maca extract (equivalent to 200 mg/mL Maca).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary findings show that Lepidium meyenii (Maca) (3.5 g/d) reduces psychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression, and lowers measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women independent of estrogenic and androgenic activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: Karen Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: Marc B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stojanovska
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D029686:Lepidium; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000523:psychology; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations