title: Pediatric voiding dysfunction: current evaluation and management.
abstract: Voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence in children is common. Both are associated with significant effects on quality of life and comorbidities, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and constipation. A thorough history, physical examination, and non-invasive evaluation are essential in determining the etiology. Interventions, such as behavioral therapy/biofeedback and pharmacologic therapies, are primary treatments. Prevalence rates, current evaluation, and management techniques are discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Urological Association, Inc., Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ellsworth
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caldamone
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009017:Morbidity; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D010808:Physical Examination; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D014039:Toilet Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014567:Urography; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A