title: Genital and cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types in relation to conjunctival squamous cell neoplasia: a case-control study in Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the role of infection with genital and cutaneous human papillomavirus types (HPV) in the aetiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (which includes both conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and carcinoma) using data and biological material collected as part of a case-control study in Uganda.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 81 cases, the prevalence of genital and cutaneous HPV types in tumour tissue did not differ significantly by histological grade of the lesion. The prevalence of genital HPV types did not differ significantly between cases and controls (both 38%; Odds ratio [OR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4-2.7, p = 1.0). The prevalence of cutaneous HPV types was 22% (18/81) among cases and 3% (1/29) among controls (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.0-169, p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We find no evidence of an association between genital HPV types and ocular surface squamous neoplasia. The prevalence of cutaneous HPV was significantly higher among cases as compared to controls. Although consistent with results from two other case-control studies, the relatively low prevalence of cutaneous HPV types among cases (which does not differ by histological grade of tumour) indicates that there remains considerable uncertainty about a role for cutaneous HPV in the aetiology of this tumour.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magyezi
authors.forename: Karin
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authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: Charlotte
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authors.forename: Catherine
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authors.lastname: Lucas
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authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: Wim Gv
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Quint
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newton
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