title: Large ventral lateral neurons modulate arousal and sleep in Drosophila.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large ventral lateral clock neurons (lLNvs) exhibit higher daytime-light-driven spontaneous action-potential firing rates in Drosophila, coinciding with wakefulness and locomotor-activity behavior. To determine whether the lLNvs are involved in arousal and sleep/wake behavior, we examined the effects of altered electrical excitation of the LNvs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LNv-hyperexcited flies reverse the normal day-night firing pattern, showing higher lLNv firing rates at night and pigment-dispersing-factor-mediated enhancement of nocturnal locomotor-activity behavior and reduced quantity and quality of sleep. lLNv hyperexcitation impairs sensory arousal, as shown by physiological and behavioral assays. lLNv-hyperexcited flies lacking sLNvs exhibit robust hyperexcitation-induced increases in nocturnal behavior, suggesting that the sLNvs are not essential for mediation of arousal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Light-activated lLNvs modulate behavioral arousal and sleep in Drosophila.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Vasu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sheeba
authors.forename: Keri J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fogle
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Todd C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000502:physiology*; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness
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