Clinical effect and future considerations for molecularly-targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway activation leads to the angiogenic phenotype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several different strategies targeting various aspects of this pathway have emerged as standard therapy in metastatic RCC. Bevacizumab, a VEGF ligand-binding antibody, sunitinib and sorafenib, small molecule inhibitors of the VEGF receptor, as well as temsirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have all shown substantial clinical activity in metastatic RCC. Several relevant clinical aspects have also emerged with use of these agents such as defining resistance, measurement of response, and combination therapy.
Rini
Brian I
BI
Department of Solid Tumor Oncology and Urology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. rinib2@ccf.org
Flaherty
Keith
K
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents