title: Innate immunity to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection.
abstract: Innate immunity is based in pre-existing elements of the immune system that directly interact with all types of microbes leading to their destruction or growth inhibition. Several elements of this early defense mechanism act in concert to control initial pathogen growth and have profound effect on the adaptative immune response that further develops. Although most studies in paracoccidioidomycosis have been dedicated to understand cellular and humoral immune responses, innate immunity remains poorly defined. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to present and discuss some mechanisms of innate immunity developed by resistant and susceptible mice to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection, trying to understand how this initial host-pathogen interface interferes with the protective or deleterious adaptative immune response that will dictate disease outcome. An analysis of some mechanisms and mediators of innate immunity such as the activation of complement proteins, the microbicidal activity of natural killer cells and phagocytes, the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, cytokines, and chemokines among others, is presented trying to show the important role played by innate immunity in the host response to P. brasiliensis infection.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, CEP 05508-900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. vlcalich@icb.usp.br
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia Garcia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Calich
authors.forename: Tânia Alves
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Maíra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felonato
authors.forename: Celina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardino
authors.forename: Flávio Vieira
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Loures
authors.forename: Laura Raquel Rios
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cássia Valente-Ferreira
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
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