title: Assessment of the Chinese version of HIV and homosexuality related stigma scales.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and assess HIV and homosexuality related stigma scales in a developing world context.
  
  
  METHODS
  A respondent-driven sampling survey was conducted among 351 men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shenzhen, China. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine and determine the latent factors of stigma subscales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor analyses identified three subscales associated with homosexuality and HIV stigma: public homosexual stigma (10 items), self homosexual stigma (8 items) and public HIV stigma (7 items). There were no items with cross-loadings onto multiple factors, supporting the distinctness of the constructs that these scales were meant to measure. The fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis provide evidence for the hypothesised three-factor structure of associations (the chi2/degree ratio = 1.84, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.05 and SRMR = 0.05). Reliability of the three scales was excellent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.78-0.85) and stable across split samples and for the data as a whole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The selection of three latent factors was supported by both psychometric properties and theories of stigmatisation. The scales are brief and suitable for use in developing countries where less time-consuming measurement is preferable.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA. hliu@vcu.edu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult