title: Aging and hypertension are independent risk factors for reduced number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have revealed the existence of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The number of circulating EPCs might reflect the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of EPCs and cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry analysis was used to quantify the number of EPCs (CD34(+)AC133(+)CD45(low)) in 135 consecutive hospitalized patients with CVD and 25 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of EPCs was less in the patients than in the healthy subjects (1,047.4 +/- 521.1 vs. 612.8 +/- 461.6/ml, P < 0.0001). The number of EPCs significantly correlated with the number of risk factors (r = 0.424, P < 0.0001). The numbers of EPCs in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus were less than those in patients without those diseases (762.6 +/- 579.5 vs. 495.2 +/- 297.7/ml, P < 0.01 and 666.8 +/- 505.5 vs. 477.0 +/- 290.4/ml, P < 0.05, respectively). In healthy subjects a reduced number of EPCs was found in smokers compared with nonsmokers (833.3 +/- 347.5 vs. 1,274.6 +/- 560.9/ml, P < 0.05), whereas smoking did not alter the number of EPCs in the patients group. In multivariate analysis, hypertension and age were independent predictors of reduced number of EPCs. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors increased the number of EPCs (464.7 +/- 252.1/ml vs. 617.5 +/- 343.5/ml, P < 0.05), while calcium antagonists, diuretics, and beta-blockers did not alter the number of EPCs in patients with hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that both aging and hypertension are risk factors for reduced number of EPCs and that RAS inhibitors increase the number of EPCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemoto
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jitsuiki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Chikara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teragawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizumi
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
authors.forename: Yukihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers