title: Cutting edge: the mechanism of invariant NKT cell responses to viral danger signals.
abstract: Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells influence the response to viral infections, although the mechanisms are poorly defined. In this study we show that these innate-like lymphocytes secrete IFN-gamma upon culture with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) from mouse bone marrow. This requires TLR9 signaling and IL-12 secretion by the activated DCs, but it does not require CD1d expression. iNKT cells also produce IFN-gamma in response to mouse CMV infection. Their mechanism of mouse CMV detection is quite similar to that of CpG, requiring both TLR9 signaling and IL-12 secretion, while the need for CD1d expression is relatively minor. Consequently, iNKT cells have the ability to respond to a variety of microbes, including viruses, in an Ag-independent manner, suggesting they may play a broad role in antipathogen defenses despite their limited TCR repertoire.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tyznik
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tupin
authors.forename: Niranjana A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: Min J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Her
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kronenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018146:Muromegalovirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D055611:Natural Killer T-Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C495370:Tlr9 protein, mouse; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9
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