title: The efficacy of intravitreal vancomycin and dexamethasone in the treatment of experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacillus cereus causes the most virulent and refractory form of endophthalmitis. The authors analyzed effectiveness of intravitreal vancomycin with or without dexamethasone for experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with 1x10(6) colony-forming units of Bacillus cereus organisms. At 24 hours after injection, eyes were injected intravitreally with 0.1 ml of balanced salt solution (group 1, n=10), 1 mg vancomycin (group 2, n=10), and antibiotic plus 0.4 mg dexamethasone (group 3, n=10). Inflammatory scores were assessed 7 days and 14 days after treatment. Furthermore, histologic grading was carried out at the conclusion of the clinical observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eyes treated with vancomycin, with or without dexamethasone at 7 days and 14 days expressed significant less inflammation over iris and vitreous than the control group (p<0.05). Moreover, eyes treated with vancomycin with dexamethasone showed less inflammation over the conjunctiva and vitreous at 7 days and over the iris and vitreous at 14 days, compared to antibiotic treatment alone (p<0.05). Additionally, at 14 days, the histopathological changes of eyes treated with vancomycin with dexamethasone had less conjunctival inflammation, mild iridocyclitis, less vitreous cells, and less choroidal vasculitis and retinitis compared to control group and antibiotic treatment alone, respectively (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal injection of vancomycin improved the therapeutic outcome of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. The addition of dexamethasone to antibiotic treatment provided a therapeutic benefit over antibiotic alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Retina and Vitreous, Suzhou Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, P. R. China. fangliu_2004@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Alvin K H
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Bernard M Y
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000502:physiology*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007267:Injections; D015863:Iridocyclitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014640:Vancomycin; D003907:Dexamethasone