The osteogenic-angiogenic interface: novel insights into the biology of bone formation and fracture repair.
Bone never forms without vascular interactions. Although this is a very simple and obvious statement, the biological, clinical, and pharmacologic implications are incompletely appreciated. The vasculature is not only the conduit for nutrient-metabolite exchange and the rate-limiting "point-of-reference" for Haversian bone formation, but also provides the sustentacular niche for the self-renewing osteoprogenitor. This past year, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the osteogenic-angiogenic interface that are immediately germane to osteoporosis disease biology and fracture management. The critical contributions of the osteoblast oxygen-sensing machinery, paracrine vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor signaling, fracture-mobilized circulating osteoprogenitors, and the osteogenic CD146(+) marrow sinusoid stem cell have been recently discovered. This brief review recounts these revelations, highlighting the potential impact to human bone health and fracture repair.
Towler
Dwight A
DA
Washington University School of Medicine, Internal Medicine-BMD, Barnes-Jewish North Campus Box 8301, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. dtowler@im.wustl.edu
D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000098:blood supply; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
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