title: Treatment of RO brine-towards sustainable water reclamation practice.
abstract: Treatment and disposal of RO brine is an important part in sustaining the water reclamation practice. RO brine generated from water reclamation contains high concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. Cost-effective technologies for treatment of RO brine are still relatively unexplored. Thus, this study aim to determine a feasible treatment process for removal of both organic and inorganic compounds in RO brine generated from NEWater production. The proposed treatment consists of biological activated carbon (BAC) column followed by capacitive deionization (CDI) process for organic and inorganic removals, respectively. Preliminary bench-scale study demonstrated about 20% TOC removal efficiency was achieved using BAC at 40 mins empty bed contact time (EBCT) while the CDI process was able to remove more than 90% conductivity reducing it from 2.19 mS/cm to only about 164 microS/cm. More than 90% cations and anions in the BAC effluent were removed using CDI process. In addition, TOC and TN removals of 78% and 91%, respectively were also attained through this process. About 90% water recovery was achieved. This process shows the potential of increased water recovery in the reclamation process while volume for disposal can be further minimized. Further studies on the sustainable operation and process optimization are ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore. esenghy@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viawanath
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kekre
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lay
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seah
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002244:Carbon