title: High-efficiency transfer and expression of AdCMV-p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by low-dose carbon-ion radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the irradiation with C-beam could enhance adenovirus-mediated transfer and expression of p53 in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  HepG2 cells were exposed to C-beam or gamma-ray and then infected with replication-deficient adenovirus recombinant vectors containing human wild-type p53 or green fluorescent protein, respectively. The transfer efficiency and expression level of the exogenous gene were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Cell survival fraction was detected by clonogenic assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The transfer frequency in C-beam or gamma-irradiated groups increased by 50-83% and 5.7-38.0% compared with the control, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with C-beam alone, p53 alone, and gamma-ray with p53, the percentages of p53 positive cells for 1 Gy C-beam with p53 increased by 56.0-72.0%, 63.5-82.0%, and 31.3-72.5% on first and third day after the treatments, respectively (P<0.05). The survival fractions for the 2 Gy C-beam and AdCMV-p53 infection groups decreased to approximately 2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C-beam irradiation could significantly promote AdCMV-green fluorescent protein transfer and expression of p53.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jifang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D002244:Carbon; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D016158:Genes, p53; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020450:Heavy Ions; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D002244:Carbon