Influence of Asian and Western United states agricultural areas and fires on the atmospheric transport of pesticides in the Western United States.
Historic and current use pesticides (HUPs and CUPs), with respect to use in the United States and Canada, were identified in trans-Pacific and regional air masses at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), a remote high elevation mountain in Oregon's Cascade Range located in the United States, during the sampling period of April 2004 to May 2006 (n = 69), including NASA's INTEX-B campaign (spring 2006). Elevated hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) concentrations were measured during trans-Pacific atmospheric transport events at MBO, suggesting that Asia is an important source region for these HUPs. Regional atmospheric transport events at MBO resulted in elevated dacthal, endosulfan, metribuzin, triallate, trifluralin, and chlorpyrifos concentrations, with episodic increases in concentration during some spring application periods, suggesting that the Western U.S. is a significant source region for these CUPs. Endosulfan I, gamma-HCH, and dacthal concentrations were significantly positively correlated (p-value < 0.05) with increased air mass time in Western U.S. agricultural areas. Elevated gamma-HCH concentrations were measured at MBO during both trans-Pacific and regional atmospheric transport events, including regional fire events. In addition to gamma-HCH, elevated sigmachlordane, alpha-HCH, HCB, and trifluralin concentrations were associated with fires in Western North America due to revolatilization of these pesticides from soils and vegetation. Trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane and alpha-HCH/gamma-HCH ratios were calculated and may be used to distinguish between free tropospheric and regional and/or Asian air masses.
Primbs
Toby
T
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Wilson
Glenn
G
Schmedding
David
D
Higginbotham
Carol
C
Simonich
Staci Massey
SM
D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D001208:Asia; D005390:Fires; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014481:United States
D000393:Air Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Dec 15;41(24):8248-55
18200847
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Feb 1;41(3):688-94
17328171
Sci Total Environ. 2000 Apr 5;248(2-3):213-26
10805241
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Apr 15;39(8):2494-9
15884340
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Feb 15;38(4):965-75
14998006
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Mar 1;38(5):1368-74
15046337
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 May 15;40(10):3174-80
16749678
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Feb 1;39(3):724-31
15757332
Environ Sci Technol. 2008 Sep 1;42(17):6519-25
18800524
Chemosphere. 2001 Apr;43(2):167-82
11297396
Sci Total Environ. 2005 Apr 15;342(1-3):119-44
15866271
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 May 15;41(10):3551-8
17547177
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Nov;35(4):688-97
9776788
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993 Feb;50(2):226-31
8422525
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jan 15;39(2):385-98
15707037
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106(6):299-301
9618343
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Aug 15;40(16):4867-73
16955879
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Aug 15;39(16):6006-15
16173557