title: Release of cardiac biochemical and inflammatory markers in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determination of cardiac markers can assess cardiac injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the markers and their release pattern are not well defined. This study was aimed at assessing the release and timing of cardiac biochemical and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing elective CABG with CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing elective CABG were included in this study. Blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements at the following time points: immediately prior to the induction of anesthesia, one, six, 12, and 24 hours after initiation of CPB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased release of cardiac troponin I was observed one hour after initiation of CPB (p < 0.05) and reached the maximum at 12 hours after CPB (p < 0.01). Serum CK-MB enzyme activity and CK-MB mass both were highly elevated starting at one hour after initiation of CPB, peaked at six hours, and remained elevated until 24 hours after CPB. Both lactate and lactate dehydrogenase were highly elevated six hours after CPB and peaked at 12 hours after CPB (p < 0.01). Serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased significantly one hour after initiation of CPB and peaked at six hours (p < 0.01), while serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels started to elevate 12 hours after CPB (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring of these markers could help to determine implementation of protective interventions during CABG with CPB to prevent myocardial deterioration and to predict the risk and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. mail: qing.meng@usask.ca
authors.forename: Qing H
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Namseok
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Taras
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mycyk
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalshaug
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019210:Troponin I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form