title: Comparison of biomaterial implants in the dental socket: histological analysis in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone graft procedures have been used commonly in buco-maxillo-facial surgery. For this reason, many researchers have evaluated the bone substitutes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated soft and hard tissue reactions to two different hydroxyapatites HAs (synthetic HA and natural HA) and bioactive glass implanted into the sockets immediately after extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  First and third upper and lower premolars, on both sides, were extracted from six female dogs. The alveolar sockets were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 - control (unfilled), Group 2 - filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite, Group 3 - filled with bovine bone mineral (natural HA), and Group 4 - filled with bioactive glass. The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks (n = 2), 8 weeks (n = 2), and 28 weeks (n = 2) after extraction. The mandible and maxilla of each animal were removed for histological analysis to determine soft tissue reactions, newly formed bone, bone characteristics, and presence or absence of implanted materials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most particles of synthetic hydroxyapatite had bone formation on their surface, although some particles showed a layer of fibrous connective tissue. The bovine bone mineral group exhibited particles partially replaced with bone formation. The bioactive glass group showed particles with a thin layer of calcified tissue, but was absent in some specimens, suggesting complete resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All biomaterials had similar behavior. Bovine bone mineral, compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass, showed a larger number of particles covered with osseous tissue. All biomaterials interfered with the socket repair process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, State University of Ponta Grossa, School of Dentistry, CEP - 84030-900, Uvaranas Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil. fasantos11@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fábio André
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Márcia Thaís
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Pochapski
authors.forename: Marilia Campagnoni
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Elton Gonçalves
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Zenóbio
authors.forename: Luís Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Spolidoro
authors.forename: Elcio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcantonio
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D003094:Collagen; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D005898:Glass; D006253:Haversian System / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C073544:Biogran; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite