title: Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis.
abstract: This review is the introduction to a special issue concerning, glutathione (GSH), the most abundant low molecular weight thiol compound synthesized in cells. GSH plays critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage and the toxicity of xenobiotic electrophiles, and maintaining redox homeostasis. Here, the functions and GSH and the sources of oxidants and electrophiles, the elimination of oxidants by reduction and electrophiles by conjugation with GSH are briefly described. Methods of assessing GSH status in the cells are also described. GSH synthesis and its regulation are addressed along with therapeutic approaches for manipulating GSH content that have been proposed. The purpose here is to provide a brief overview of some of the important aspects of glutathione metabolism as part of this special issue that will provide a more comprehensive review of the state of knowledge regarding this essential molecule.
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, P.O. Box 2039, Merced, CA 95344, USA. hjforman@gmail.com
authors.forename: Henry Jay
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: Hongqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione
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