title: Utility of portable electromyography for quantifying muscle activity during daily use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mobility has been studied using performance, questionnaire, pedometer and accelerometer measures, but these tools do not provide information about muscle activity. To better understand mechanisms associated with movement impairment as they relate to function, it is valuable to quantify muscle activity during everyday activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This report presents electromyography (EMG) during daily activities from the affected and unaffected limbs of a 74-year-old man who survived a stroke 12 years ago, compared to 7 older healthy men who had not experienced a stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biceps brachii, triceps brachii, quadriceps and hamstring muscles were recorded continuously for one 8-hour session in the unaffected limbs of the stroke survivor and control subjects. On a second day, EMG from these same muscles of the affected side was recorded for 4 h. Bursts (amplitude >2% maximum effort, duration >0.1 s) and gaps (amplitude <1% maximum effort, duration >0.1 s) of EMG were quantified for the number of times they occurred, mean event duration (seconds), mean peak amplitude (percent maximum voluntary efforts) and rate of activity (event activity/second).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Burst and gap patterns of the unaffected limb muscles were similar between the stroke survivor and controls. Increased numbers of bursts (approx. 40%) and gaps (approx. 44%) were seen in the subject's lower limb muscles of his affected versus unaffected side. Biceps brachii burst activity of the affected limb was increased, whereas triceps brachii burst activity was decreased. These muscle activity changes in the affected limb suggest that the triceps brachii was relatively inactive and the biceps brachii and lower limb muscles were active in an 'on' and 'off' pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscle activity in the unaffected limb of the stroke survivor was similar compared to control subjects, but the affected limb differed from the unaffected after stroke. Portable EMG to monitor muscle activity for prolonged periods was not reported to be an impediment by the case or control subjects. Using this technology, EMG bursts and gaps can be recorded and used to describe muscle activity. Future work may consider the feasibility of this technique to monitor rehabilitation progression or long-term plasticity of muscle activity.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. jennifer.jakobi@ubc.ca
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jakobi
authors.forename: Darl L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Connelly
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005121:Extremities / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*