title: Preoperative CYFRA 21-1 and CEA as prognostic factors in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer: external validation of a prognostic score.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the prognostic value of preoperative levels of CYFRA 21-1, CEA and the corresponding tumor marker index (TMI) in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty stage I NSCLC patients (80 in pT1 and 160 in pT2; 100 squamous cell carcinomas, 91 adenocarcinomas, 32 large-cell carcinomas, 17 with other histologies; 171 males and 69 females) who had complete resection (R0) between 1986 and 2004 were included in the analysis. CYFRA 21-1 and CEA were measured using the Elecsys system (Roche) and AxSym-System (Abbott), respectively. Univariate analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method to identify potential associations between survival and age, gender, CYFRA 21-1, CEA and TMI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 74 and 64%, respectively. Male gender (p = 0.0009) and age >70 years (p = 0.0041) were associated with a worse prognosis; there were no differences between pT1 and pT2 nor between histological subtypes. Three-year survival was 72% for CYFRA 21-1 levels >3.3 ng/ml versus 75% for levels <or=3.3 ng/ml, 71% for CEA > 6.7 ng/ml versus 75% for CEA <or=6.7 ng/ml (both p values >0.05). Corresponding 5-year survival rates were near 64% both for patients with CYFRA 21-1 values above and below the cutoff (3.3 ng/ml), and 49 and 66% for patients with values above and below the CEA cutoff (6.7 ng/ml), respectively (both p values >0.05). Overall survival did not vary in the different TMI risk groups (p = 0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort of early-stage NSCLC patients, male gender and age >70 years were associated with a worse outcome, but elevated levels of CEA and CYFRA 21-1, and TMI risk were not.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Munich-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blankenburg
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatz
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ankerst
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reinmiedl
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stieber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19; D007633:Keratins / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053539:Keratin-19; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1; D007633:Keratins