[Study of 30 years on the change in the frequency of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric union].
Esophageal cancer mortality is high and the incidence of this neoplasm is increasing.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to compare the frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma cases (EA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases in two study periods (1977-1988 vs. 1989-2006).


METHODS
Patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction (AGEJ) referred to the Nation al Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán" during 1989-2006 were included. The frequency of EA, SCC was compared with the previously reported series of our institute during 1977-1988. Risk factors for esophageal cancer and AGEJ were investigated.


RESULTS
From 1989 to 2006 82 patients were studied, 23 with SCC, 29 with EA and 29 with AGEJ. There was a significant association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and EA (OR = 9.5; CI 95% 1.9-48.5, P = 0.0025), and also between GERD and AGEJ (OR 5.6; CI 95% 1.07-28.8, P = 0.03). The association between Barrett's esophagus and EA (OR 14; CI 95% 1.65-119.2, P = 0.0035) and for GEJC (RM 13.6; IC 95% 1.6-116, P = 0.004) was significant. There was an increase in the frequency of AE from 11% (6/57) in the first period to 56% (29/52) in the second period (P < 0.001). The rela tion SCC/EA change from 7:1 in the first period to 0.8:1 in the second.


CONCLUSIONS
There has been an increase in EA, being now the predominant hystologic type of esophageal cancer.
Loaeza-del Castillo
A
A
Dirección de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", DF México. auroraloaeza@yahoo.com
Villalobos-Pérez
J J
JJ
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors