title: Cortical and cerebellar activation induced by reflexive and voluntary saccades.
abstract: Reflexive saccades are driven by visual stimulation whereas voluntary saccades require volitional control. Behavioral and lesional studies suggest that there are two separate mechanisms involved in the generation of these two types of saccades. This study investigated differences in cerebral and cerebellar activation between reflexive and self-paced voluntary saccadic eye movements using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In two experiments (whole brain and cerebellum) using the same paradigm, differences in brain activations induced by reflexive and self-paced voluntary saccades were assessed. Direct comparison of the activation patterns showed that the frontal eye fields, parietal eye field, the motion-sensitive area (MT/V5), the precuneus (V6), and the angular and the cingulate gyri were more activated in reflexive saccades than in voluntary saccades. No significant difference in activation was found in the cerebellum. Our results suggest that the alleged separate mechanisms for saccadic control of reflexive and self-paced voluntary are mainly observed in cerebral rather than cerebellar areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline K L
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Schraa-Tam
authors.forename: Phillippus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Broekhoven
authors.forename: Josef N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: van der Geest
authors.forename: Maarten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Frens
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Aad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Lugt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
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