title: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Modified Procedures for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Instability.
abstract: Techniques and procedures of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) are well accepted for therapeutic exercise in rehabilitation of orthopaedic problems. Specific application for the treatment of knee ligament instabilities has not been documented in the literature. Spiral and diagonal PNF patterns emphasize rotatory components of joint function and can provide emphasis in selected musculotendinous structures of the knee. This article describes the application of therapeutic exercise techniques and procedures for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and resultant instabilities. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;11(6):230-236.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Canner