title: In vivo imaging of oskar mRNA transport reveals the mechanism of posterior localization.
abstract: oskar mRNA localization to the posterior of the Drosophila oocyte defines where the abdomen and germ cells form in the embryo. Although this localization requires microtubules and the plus end-directed motor, kinesin, its mechanism is controversial and has been proposed to involve active transport to the posterior, diffusion and trapping, or exclusion from the anterior and lateral cortex. By following oskar mRNA particles in living oocytes, we show that the mRNA is actively transported along microtubules in all directions, with a slight bias toward the posterior. This bias is sufficient to localize the mRNA and is reversed in mago, barentsz, and Tropomyosin II mutants, which mislocalize the mRNA anteriorly. Since almost all transport is mediated by kinesin, oskar mRNA localizes by a biased random walk along a weakly polarized cytoskeleton. We also show that each component of the oskar mRNA complex plays a distinct role in particle formation and transport.
authors.affiliation: The Gurdon Institute and the Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QN Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Vitaly L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Zimyanin
authors.forename: Katsiaryna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Belaya
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pecreaux
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: St Johnston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009865:Oocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D034443:RNA Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C107372:Mago protein, Drosophila; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D012261:Ribonucleoproteins; C490776:Tm1 protein, Drosophila; D014335:Tropomyosin; C433983:btz protein, Drosophila; C091675:osk protein, Drosophila; C069927:stau protein, Drosophila
references.citation: Development. 2006 Aug;133(15):2827-33
references.pmid: 16835436
references.citation: Genetics. 1996 Dec;144(4):1673-9
references.pmid: 8978054
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2007 Oct;13(4):539-53
references.pmid: 17925229
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2006 Jul 25;16(14):1447-52
references.pmid: 16860745
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2003 Mar;4(3):307-19
references.pmid: 12636913
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Sep 1;20(17):6385-93
references.pmid: 10964944
references.citation: EMBO J. 2000 Mar 15;19(6):1366-77
references.pmid: 10716936
references.citation: Cell. 1991 Jul 12;66(1):37-50
references.pmid: 2070417
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 29;274(44):31506-14
references.pmid: 10531353
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1998;67:335-94
references.pmid: 9759492
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1995 Jan;167(1):363-70
references.pmid: 7851657
references.citation: Development. 2007 May;134(10):1955-65
references.pmid: 17442699
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2002 Sep 3;12(17):1541-5
references.pmid: 12225672
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2004 Jul 13;14(13):R525-37
references.pmid: 15242636
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Apr 20;105(2):209-19
references.pmid: 11336671
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2003 Feb 4;13(3):199-207
references.pmid: 12573215
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Feb 19;427(6976):753-7
references.pmid: 14973490
references.citation: Nature. 1995 Oct 12;377(6549):524-7
references.pmid: 7566149
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2006 Feb 13;172(4):577-88
references.pmid: 16476777
references.citation: Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2120-2
references.pmid: 11000113
references.citation: Development. 2003 Sep;130(17):4201-15
references.pmid: 12874138
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;4(8):592-8
references.pmid: 12134163
references.citation: Development. 1995 Sep;121(9):3013-21
references.pmid: 7555727
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2003 Jan 21;13(2):161-167
references.pmid: 12546792
references.citation: Development. 2005 Aug;132(16):3743-52
references.pmid: 16077093
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2006 Aug;11(2):251-62
references.pmid: 16890164
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Jul 2;23(13):5778-88
references.pmid: 12843282
references.citation: Development. 1997 Jun;124(12):2409-19
references.pmid: 9199367
references.citation: Development. 1997 Jan;124(2):461-70
references.pmid: 9053322
references.citation: Cell. 1995 May 5;81(3):403-12
references.pmid: 7736592
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Jun;18(6):2254-63
references.pmid: 17429069
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1994 Apr 1;4(4):289-300
references.pmid: 7922338
references.citation: Development. 1994 May;120(5):1303-13
references.pmid: 8026338
references.citation: Development. 1996 Jul;122(7):2109-16
references.pmid: 8681792
references.citation: Cell. 1991 Jul 12;66(1):23-35
references.pmid: 2070416
references.citation: Development. 1991 Sep;113(1):373-84
references.pmid: 1765008
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Aug 19;43(4):513-25
references.pmid: 15312650
references.citation: Development. 2002 Dec;129(23):5473-85
references.pmid: 12403717
references.citation: Mol Cell. 1998 Oct;2(4):437-45
references.pmid: 9809065
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2004 May;6(5):625-35
references.pmid: 15130488
references.citation: Development. 1998 Sep;125(18):3655-66
references.pmid: 9716531
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2001 Nov 1;15(21):2886-99
references.pmid: 11691839
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2002 Dec 10;12(23):1971-81
references.pmid: 12477385
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1999 Jun 3;9(11):569-78
references.pmid: 10359695
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1997 May 1;7(5):326-37
references.pmid: 9115398
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2001 Aug 6;154(3):511-23
references.pmid: 11481346
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Dec 6;414(6864):611-6
references.pmid: 11740552
references.citation: Cell. 1991 Jul 12;66(1):51-63
references.pmid: 1712672
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Apr 29;428(6986):959-63
references.pmid: 15118729
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Jul 13;106(1):35-46
references.pmid: 11461700
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2003 Jul 15;13(14):1159-68
references.pmid: 12867026
references.citation: Development. 1995 Nov;121(11):3723-32
references.pmid: 8582284
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 May;6(5):363-75
references.pmid: 15852043
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2001 Oct 30;11(21):1666-74
references.pmid: 11696323