title: Adult respiratory distress syndrome due to fat embolism in the postoperative period following liposuction and fat grafting.
abstract: Fat embolism is defined as mechanical blockage of the vascular lumen by circulating fat globules. Although it primarily affects the lungs, it can also affect the central nervous system, retina, and skin. Fat embolism syndrome is a dysfunction of these organs caused by fat emboli. The most common causes of fat embolism and fat embolism syndrome are long bone fractures, although there are reports of its occurrence after cosmetic procedures. The diagnosis is made clinically, and treatment is still restricted to support measures. We report the case of a female patient who developed adult respiratory distress syndrome due to fat embolism in the postoperative period following liposuction and fat grafting. In this case, the patient responded well to alveolar recruitment maneuvers and protective mechanical ventilation. In addition, we present an epidemiological and pathophysiological analysis of fat embolism syndrome after cosmetic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. nathan.andre@gmail.com
authors.forename: André Nathan
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Daniel Melo
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toufen
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arrunátegui
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
mesh_terms: D004620:Embolism, Fat / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015187:Lipectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome