Ptosis repair options and algorithm.
OBJECTIVE
The treatment options for ptosis are strictly surgical. Each patient needs to be individually assessed and treated. A surgeon needs to be familiar with all types of surgical repair to choose the best possible option for his/her particular patient.


RESULTS
There are certain established surgeries in ptosis repair; however, there is no ideal surgical technique to treat every patient without any drawbacks. Several modifications of known techniques have been described to address the weaknesses of original applications. Also, new techniques such as orbicularis plication, levator readaptation, and new approaches in frontalis suspension surgery were presented. An algorithm showing the appropriate/most preferred ptosis surgery techniques is prepared based on the traditional knowledge and the latest publications.


CONCLUSIONS
There have been many modifications and new proposals in the management of ptosis. The surgeon needs to be familiar with an algorithm for the appropriate surgical method.
Cetinkaya
Altug
A
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. altugcetinkaya@mac.com
Brannan
Paul A
PA
D000465:Algorithms; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery