title: Genetic interaction between the homeobox transcription factors HESX1 and SIX3 is required for normal pituitary development.
abstract: Hesx1 has been shown to be essential for normal pituitary development. The homeobox gene Six3 is expressed in the developing pituitary gland during mouse development but its function in this tissue has been precluded by the fact that in the Six3-deficient embryos the pituitary gland is not induced. To gain insights into the function of Six3 during pituitary development we have generated Six3+/- ;Hesx1Cre/+ double heterozygous mice. Strikingly, these mice show marked dwarfism, which is first detectable around weaning, and die by the 5th-6th week of age. Thyroid and gonad development is also impaired in these animals. Analysis of Six3+/- ;Hesx1Cre/+ compound embryos indicates that hypopituitarism is the likely cause of these defects since pituitary development is severely impaired in these mutants. Similar to the Hesx1-deficient embryos, Rathke's pouch is initially expanded in Six3+/- ;Hesx1Cre/+ compound embryos due to an increase in cell proliferation. Subsequently, the anterior pituitary gland appears bifurcated, dysmorphic and occasionally ectopically misplaced in the nasopharyngeal cavity, but cell differentiation is unaffected. Our research has revealed a role for Six3 in normal pituitary development, which has likely been conserved during evolution as SIX3 is also expressed in the pituitary gland of the human embryo.
authors.affiliation: Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaston-Massuet
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Andoniadou
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Signore
authors.forename: Ezat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sajedi
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: James M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Juan Pedro
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Martinez-Barbera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000235:genetics; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D005838:Genotype; D006066:Gonads / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000166:cytology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000166:cytology; D000097607:Homeobox Protein SIX3
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000097607:Homeobox Protein SIX3; C489733:Hesx1 protein, mouse
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