title: PPAR-alpha L162V and PGC-1 G482S gene polymorphisms, but not PPAR-gamma P12A, are associated with alcohol consumption in a Spanish Mediterranean population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and its co-activators are regulatory elements of the cellular lipid homeostasis and have been associated with feeding behavior modulation. Animal models suggest that these genes may be involved in alcohol consumption regulation. However, no studies in humans exist. Our aim is to estimate the possible association between polymorphisms in the PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma and PPAR-gamma co-activator 1A (PGC-1A) genes and alcohol consumption in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have conducted a cross-sectional study between the PPAR-alpha L162V, PPAR-gamma P12A and PGC-1A G482S polymorphisms, and alcohol consumption in a general Mediterranean Spanish population (303 men and 443 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have found an association between the L162V polymorphism and alcohol consumption in which, carriers of the V allele were more prevalent among alcohol consumers (19.4% vs. 9.8%; OR 2.69; 95% CI: 1.31-5.54, p=0.007). The G482S polymorphism showed a significantly higher frequency in the group of high alcohol drinkers than in non-high alcohol drinkers (33.4% vs. 20.6%; OR 2.28; 95% CI: 1.07-4.88, p=0.034). Mean alcohol consumption was higher as the number of G alleles increased (GG 8.6+/-12.8 g/day, GS 6.6+/-9.2 g/day, SS 5.6+/-7.8 g/day, p=0.003). These results remained statistically significant after covariate adjustment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-alpha L162V and PGC-1A G482S polymorphisms are associated with alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. francesc.frances@uv.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Francès
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdú
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Portolés
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castelló
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sorlí
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guillen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000483:Alleles; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region; D008875:Middle Aged; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA