title: Elevated expression of glutathione S-transferase pi and p53 confers poor prognosis in head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy but not radiotherapy alone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prognostic significance of expression of glutathione s-transferase pi (GST-pi) and p53 in patients treated with radiation alone for locally advanced head and neck cancer [Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), trial 9003] or radiation +/- concomitant chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant therapy (RTOG trial 9501).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for p53 and GST-pi was done on tissue samples from 393 patients in RTOG 9003 and 142 patients in RTOG 9501. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who had low expression of both markers had longer survival than patients who had high expression of both markers. In trial 9003, median survival was 2.4 years for patients with low expression of both markers versus 1.4 years for patients who had elevated expression of both markers (P = 0.07). These differences were highly significant in trial 9501 and were accounted for by the chemotherapy treated arm. In this group, patients with low expression of both markers had a median survival of 7.0 years compared with 1.4 years for patients with elevated expression of both markers (P = 0.006). In both trials, black patients had lower survival rates than did white patients and there was a trend toward higher expression of both markers in blacks compared with whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the poor outcome of chemoradiotherapy treatment patients with elevated expression of both p53 and GST-pi, these patients may not be appropriate candidates for chemoradiotherapy based on standard protocols. Some of the adverse outcome for black patients in both studies may be attributed to elevated expression of p53 and GST-pi.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schumaker
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikitakis
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goloubeva
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cullen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D044383:Black People; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi
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