title: Carbon nanotubes as photoacoustic molecular imaging agents in living mice.
abstract: Photoacoustic imaging of living subjects offers higher spatial resolution and allows deeper tissues to be imaged compared with most optical imaging techniques. As many diseases do not exhibit a natural photoacoustic contrast, especially in their early stages, it is necessary to administer a photoacoustic contrast agent. A number of contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging have been suggested previously, but most were not shown to target a diseased site in living subjects. Here we show that single-walled carbon nanotubes conjugated with cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides can be used as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging of tumours. Intravenous administration of these targeted nanotubes to mice bearing tumours showed eight times greater photoacoustic signal in the tumour than mice injected with non-targeted nanotubes. These results were verified ex vivo using Raman microscopy. Photoacoustic imaging of targeted single-walled carbon nanotubes may contribute to non-invasive cancer imaging and monitoring of nanotherapeutics in living subjects.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De la Zerda
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keren
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaithilingam
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodapati
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Bryan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Te-Jen
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oralkan
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Butrus T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Khuri-Yakub
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gambhir
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
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