title: Metabolic syndrome and coronary artery calcification in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and metabolic syndrome (MS) have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The study objective was to examine the association of MS with CAC presence and progression in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the CAC progression in asymptomatic recipients who had no prior history of coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS was common (55.4%). Median CAC scores were 0, 33.1, 98, and 261.9 for patients with one, two, three, and four or more positive components of the MS, respectively. Severe CAC scores were more common in recipients with MS (P=0.04). Although recipients with MS had higher mean CAC scores at baseline and significant CAC progression (483 [590.6] vs. 619 [813.8], P=0.01), MS was not an independent predictor of annualized rate of CAC change in a multivariate model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies to evaluate if MS treatment improves cardiovascular outcomes are imperative.
authors.affiliation: Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Gbemisola A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Adeseun
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Subhashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thota
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Sylvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Rosas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421
references.pmid: 12485966
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2006 Aug;70(4):757-64
references.pmid: 16788687
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Sep 7;110(10):1245-50
references.pmid: 15326067
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001 May;16(5):1047-52
references.pmid: 11328915
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Mar 21;47(6):1093-100
references.pmid: 16545636
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2001 Apr;24(4):683-9
references.pmid: 11315831
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 Mar;74(3):243-52
references.pmid: 10089993
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Dec;21(12):2051-8
references.pmid: 11742884
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 Sep;19(9):2307-12
references.pmid: 15213315
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2004 Jul;66(1):441-7
references.pmid: 15200454
references.citation: Hypertension. 2001 Oct;38(4):938-42
references.pmid: 11641313
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2005 Aug;5(8):1942-7
references.pmid: 15996243
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2005 May 15;95(10):1180-6
references.pmid: 15877990
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006 Jul;21 Suppl 3:iii3-8
references.pmid: 16815854
references.citation: Transplant Proc. 2003 Aug;35(5):1722-4
references.pmid: 12962771
references.citation: Transplant Proc. 2007 Jul-Aug;39(6):1843-6
references.pmid: 17692629
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 Feb;43(2):313-9
references.pmid: 14750097
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2005 Oct 17;96(8A):20J-27J
references.pmid: 16246650
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2002 Nov;62(5):1839-47
references.pmid: 12371987
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2004 Oct;4(10):1675-83
references.pmid: 15367224
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Aug;48(2):307-13
references.pmid: 16860198
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jun;28(6):1445-50
references.pmid: 15920066
references.citation: Am J Nephrol. 2007;27(3):247-52
references.pmid: 17389785
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Jan;12(1):21-4
references.pmid: 9027767
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2007 Sep;7(9):2158-64
references.pmid: 17640315
references.citation: Transplant Proc. 2006 Mar;38(2):506-8
references.pmid: 16549161
references.citation: Transplantation. 2006 Sep 15;82(5):603-11
references.pmid: 16969281
references.citation: Am J Kidney Dis. 2006 Jul;48(1):134-42
references.pmid: 16797396
references.citation: Clin Exp Nephrol. 2004 Mar;8(1):54-8
references.pmid: 15067517
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2007 Mar;71(5):438-41
references.pmid: 17200680
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 May 7;41(9):1547-53
references.pmid: 12742296
references.citation: Transplantation. 2007 Jun 27;83(12):1577-81
references.pmid: 17589340
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2000 Jan;57(1):307-13
references.pmid: 10620213
references.citation: Am J Transplant. 2005 Nov;5(11):2710-8
references.pmid: 16212631
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Feb;16(2):496-506
references.pmid: 15615820