title: Association of elevated transcript levels of interferon-inducible chemokines with disease activity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous course and varying degrees of severity and organ damage; thus, there is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers for SLE. In this study we correlated the combined expression level of multiple interferon-inducible chemokines with disease activity, degree of organ damage and clinical features in SLE, and we investigated their roles as biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood cells obtained from 67 patients with SLE patients, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 23 healthy donors were subjected to real-time PCR in order to measure the transcriptional levels of seven interferon-inducible chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, CCL19, MIG, IP-10, CXCL11, and IL-8). The data were used to calculate a chemokine score for each participant, after which comparisons were performed between various groups of SLE patients and control individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemokine scores were significantly elevated in SLE patients versus RA patients and healthy donors (P = 0.012 and P = 0.002, respectively). Chemokine scores were correlated positively with SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 scores (P = 0.005) and negatively with C3 levels (P < 0.001). Compared with patients without lupus nephritis and those with inactive lupus nephritis, chemokine scores were elevated in patients with active lupus nephritis, especially when their daily prednisone dosage was under 30 mg (P = 0.002 and P = 0.014, respectively). Elevated chemokine scores were also associated with the presence of cumulative organ damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American Society of Rheumatology Damage Index >or= 1; P = 0.010) and the occurrence of anti-Sm or anti-RNP autoantibodies (both P = 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined transcription level of interferon-inducible chemokines in peripheral blood leucocytes is closely associated with disease activity, degree of organ damage, and specific autoantibody patterns in SLE. The chemokine score may serve as a new biomarker for active and severe disease in SLE.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shan Dong Middle Road, Shanghai 200001, PR China. derafu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Chunde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D007962:Leukocytes; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018925:Chemokines; D007372:Interferons
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