title: Negation in the brain: modulating action representations.
abstract: Sentential negation is a universal syntactic feature of human languages that reverses the truth value expressed by a sentence. An intriguing question concerns what brain mechanisms underlie our ability to represent and understand the meaning of negative sentences. We approach this issue by investigating action-related language processing and the associated neural representations. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we measured brain activity in 18 healthy subjects during passive listening of sentences characterized by a factorial combination of polarity (affirmative vs. negative) and concreteness (action-related vs. abstract). Negation deactivated cortical areas and the left pallidum. Compared to abstract sentences, action-related sentences activated the left-hemispheric action-representation system. Crucially, the polarity by concreteness interactions showed that the activity within the action-representation system was specifically reduced for negative action-related vs. affirmative action-related sentences (compared to abstract sentences). Accordingly, functional integration within this system as measured by Dynamic Causal Modeling was specifically weaker for negative action-related than for affirmative action-related sentences. This modulation of action representations indicates that sentential negation transiently reduces the access to mental representations of the negated information.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy. tettamanti.marco@hsr.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tettamanti
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manenti
authors.forename: Pasquale A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Della Rosa
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falini
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perani
authors.forename: Stefano F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male