Diversity in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The PbGP43 gene as a genetic marker.
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a temperature-dependent dimorphic fungus and the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is prevalent in rural workers of Latin American countries. Until a decade ago, most of the studies involving P. brasiliensis used clinical isolates, since environmental samples from soil are difficult to obtain. More recently, P. brasiliensis has been isolated from infected wild and domestic animals, especially from the nine-banded armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus in Brazil. Over the years, diversity within the species has been observed at several phenotypic levels. The present review will discuss the reports focusing on genetic polymorphism, which culminated with the detection of P. brasiliensis phylogenetic species as a result of a multilocus study. Polymorphism in the PbGP43 gene is detailed. This gene encodes fungal glycoprotein gp43, a dominant P. brasiliensis antigen largely studied in the last two decades for its importance in diagnosis, immune protection, and adhesive properties to extracellular matrix-associated proteins. Fungal traits associated with genetic groups are discussed.
Puccia
Rosana
R
Cell Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Botucatu, 862, oitavo andar, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil. rpuccia@unifesp.br
McEwen
Juan G
JG
Cisalpino
Patrícia S
PS
D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
C103180:43 kDa protein, Paracoccidioides; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006023:Glycoproteins
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Aug;50(8):2814-9
16870776
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 May 13;94(10):5478-82
9144263
Microbiology (Reading). 1994 May;140 ( Pt 5):1189-94
8025684
Mol Biol Evol. 2006 Jan;23(1):65-73
16151188
J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Oct;32(10):2377-81
7814469
J Med Vet Mycol. 1997 May-Jun;35(3):205-11
9229337
J Med Vet Mycol. 1996 Jun-Jul;34(3):181-6
8803798
Clin Exp Immunol. 1994 Jul;97(1):113-9
8033408
J Med Vet Mycol. 1995 Nov-Dec;33(6):379-83
8683406
Mycopathologia. 1990 Jan;109(1):13-7
2139178
Science. 1972 Jul 28;177(4046):368-9
5035491
Mol Ecol. 2003 Dec;12(12):3383-401
14629354
Mol Med. 2003 Sep-Dec;9(9-12):209-19
15208742
Med Mycol. 2003 Apr;41(2):89-96
12964840
Glycobiology. 1996 Jul;6(5):507-15
8877371
Microbiology (Reading). 1997 Jan;143 ( Pt 1):197-202
9025294
Med Mycol. 2000 Jun;38(3):185-91
10892985
Vaccine. 2000 Jul 1;18(26):3050-8
10825609
Med Mycol. 1999 Jun;37(3):219-22
10421855
J Med Vet Mycol. 1986 Dec;24(6):445-54
3572679
Microbes Infect. 2005 Jan;7(1):55-65
15716071
J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;41(12):5735-7
14662970
Genome Res. 2000 Dec;10(12):1865-77
11116083
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2005 Sep-Oct;47(5):257-62
16302108
Infect Genet Evol. 2006 Sep;6(5):344-51
16473563
Hybridoma. 1996 Dec;15(6):415-22
8985752
Yeast. 2001 Jul;18(10):981-8
11447604
Mycopathologia. 1985 Dec;92(3):173-8
4088290
Infect Immun. 1986 Jul;53(1):199-206
2424841
J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Feb;33(2):505-7
7714219
Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 May;44(5):347-56
17166750
J Biol Chem. 1996 Feb 23;271(8):4553-60
8626811
Fungal Genet Biol. 2003 Jun;39(1):60-9
12742064
Mycopathologia. 1987 Aug;99(2):119-28
3657902
Mycopathologia. 1990 Sep;111(3):173-80
2233986
J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Mar;36(3):742-7
9508305
J Gen Microbiol. 1980 Mar;117(1):147-54
7391815
Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 May;44(5):357-67
17331762
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006 May;101(3):331-4
16862332
J Med Vet Mycol. 1991;29(4):243-53
1719178
J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jun;36(6):1733-6
9620409
Genetics. 2004 Nov;168(3):1231-48
15579682
J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Jul;41(7):2849-54
12843011
Mycopathologia. 1997;140(1):19-27
9608721
J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 7;272(6):3161-7
9013549
Trends Microbiol. 1993 Dec;1(9):338-42
8162423
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990 Aug;43(2):200-6
2389824
J Med Vet Mycol. 1987 Jun;25(3):165-75
3612432
Fungal Genet Biol. 2006 Jun;43(6):401-9
16631397
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1992 Nov-Dec;34(6):511-6
1342119
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2002 Jul 12;33(3):151-7
12110476
Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 Dec;44(12):1387-98
17512227
J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Jul;39(7):2683-6
11427596
J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jun;44(6):2153-7
16757613
J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):24706-14
15849188
J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Nov;42(11):5007-14
15528688
Fungal Genet Biol. 1997 Apr;21(2):223-7
9228790
J Med Vet Mycol. 1997 Jan-Feb;35(1):13-8
9061580
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1999 Sep-Oct;41(5):279-83
10602541
Infect Immun. 1998 Feb;66(2):786-93
9453642
Sabouraudia. 1984;22(3):255-7
6463809
Nat Rev Genet. 2004 Jun;5(6):435-45
15153996
Mycopathologia. 1998-1999;143(3):165-9
10353214
J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Nov;38(11):3960-6
11060052
Microbes Infect. 2006 May;8(6):1550-9
16698299
J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Aug;29(8):1610-5
1722220
Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Feb;2(1):34-48
12582121
Med Mycol. 1999 Aug;37(4):269-76
10421862
J Mol Biol. 1999 Dec 3;294(3):771-83
10610795
Med Mycol. 2000 Dec;38(6):437-41
11204881
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007 Mar;31(2):168-92
17313520
Mycopathologia. 1998-1999;144(2):61-5
10481285
J Med Vet Mycol. 1995 Jul-Aug;33(4):223-7
8531019
Med Mycol. 2000 Aug;38(4):317-22
10975700
Science. 1967 Apr 28;156(3774):528-9
6021679
Fungal Genet Biol. 2007 Jan;44(1):25-31
16879998
Yeast. 2003 Feb;20(3):263-71
12557278
J Med Vet Mycol. 1995 Sep-Oct;33(5):281-5
8544079
Mutat Res. 2006 Nov-Dec;613(2-3):76-102
16979375