title: Long-term economic benefits attributed to IVF-conceived children: a lifetime tax calculation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether lifetime future net tax revenues from an in vitro fertilization (IVF)-conceived child are substantial enough to warrant public subsidy relative to the mean IVF treatment costs required to obtain 1 live birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mathematical generational accounting model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model estimates direct financial interactions between the IVF-conceived child and the government during the child's projected lifetime. In the model, we accrue IVF costs required to conceive the child to the government, and then we estimate future net tax revenue to the federal and state governments from this individual, offset by direct financial transfers from the government (eg, child allowances, education, Medicare, and Social Security). We discount lifetime costs and gross tax payments at Treasury Department rates to establish the present value of investing in IVF. We applied US Congressional Budget Office projected changes in tax rates over the course of the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An IVF-conceived child, average in every respect (eg, future earnings, healthcare consumption, and life expectancy), represents a net positive return to the government. Based on an average employed individual born in 2005, the projected net lifetime tax contribution is US $606,200. Taking into consideration IVF costs and all direct financial interactions, the net present value is US $155,870.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifetime net taxes paid from a child relative to the child's initial IVF investment represent a 700% net return to the government in discounted US dollars from fully employed individuals. This suggests that removing barriers to IVF would have positive tax benefits for the government, notwithstanding its beneficial effect on overall economic growth.
authors.affiliation: Ferring International Center, St Prex, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: Stijn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoorens
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Selwyn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Oskowitz
authors.forename: Sherman J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Silber
mesh_terms: D000066:Accounting; D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004651:Employment / Q000639:trends; D035082:Federal Government; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000191:economics*; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D017059:Models, Econometric; D013660:Taxes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D026712:Value of Life / Q000191:economics*