title: A dual-projection respiratory self-gating technique for whole-heart coronary MRA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the accuracy of a dual-projection respiratory self-gating (DP-RSG) technique in dynamic heart position measurement and its feasibility for free-breathing whole-heart coronary MR angiography (MRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A DP-RSG method is proposed to enable accurate direct measurement of heart position by acquiring two whole-heart projections. On 14 volunteers we quantitatively evaluated the efficacy of DP-RSG by comparison with diaphragmatic navigator (NAV) and single-projection-based respiratory self-gating (SP-RSG) methods. For DP-RSG we also compared center-of-mass and two profile-matching algorithms in deriving heart motion. Coronary imaging was conducted on eight volunteers based on retrospective gating to preliminarily validate the effectiveness of DP-RSG for whole-heart coronary MRA. Comparison of vessel delineation was performed between images reconstructed using different gating methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quantitative evaluation shows that DP-RSG more accurately tracks heart motion than NAV with all gating window (GW) values and SP-RSG approaches with GW>or=2.5 mm and profile-matching algorithms are more reliable for motion derivation than center-of-mass calculations with GW>or=1.0 mm. Whole-heart coronary MRA studies demonstrate the feasibility of using DP-RSG to improve overall delineation of the coronary arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DP-RSG is a promising approach to better resolve respiratory motion for whole-heart coronary MRA compared to conventional NAV and SP-RSG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jerecic
authors.forename: Debiao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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