Lifestyle and testicular dysfunction: a brief update.
The incidence of testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and defective spermatogenesis is increasing probably due to environmental and lifestyle-related factors. The aim of this review is to briefly describe and comment on the principal lifestyle factors. The recent findings that the electromagnetic waves following the use of the cell phone and the prolonged exposure to the noise stress cause relevant testicular dysfunction in man or animals reinforce the hypothesis of the importance of lifestyle-related factors.
Agarwal
Ashok
A
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute and Obst/Gyne and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
Desai
Nisarg R
NR
Ruffoli
Riccardo
R
Carpi
Angelo
A
D000818:Animals; D040421:Cell Phone; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000528:radiation effects; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants