title: The adaptive response of adult rat Leydig cells to repeated immobilization stress: the role of protein kinase A and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.
abstract: The ability of immobilization stress (IMO) to decrease Leydig cell steroidogenesis and serum androgen concentration has been previously observed, but the possible mechanism(s) involved in the adaptation to prolonged or repeated stress have not been identified. In this study, we investigated whether the Leydig cells obtained from adult rats subjected to acute (15 min, 30 min or 2 h) and repeated (2 or 10 days, 2 h daily) IMO show adaptive mechanism(s) in response to stress-impaired steroidogenesis. The results showed that basal and human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated cAMP production by Leydig cells isolated from rats exposed to both acute and repeated IMO was significantly reduced. Despite the reduced cAMP production, immunoblot analysis revealed increased immunoreactivity for both protein kinase A (PKA) and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in Leydig cells obtained from rats repeatedly exposed to IMO. Also, the phosphorylation and production of mature StAR protein was evident during exposure of rats to repeated IMO treatment. Treatment with cholesterol, the steroid substrate transported into mitochondria by StAR, significantly increased androgen and progesterone production by Leydig cells isolated from rats exposed to repeated IMO. In contrast, when other steroid substrates (22(R)-OH-cholesterol, pregnenolone, progesterone, Delta4-androstenedione) were present in the culture media, Leydig cell steroidogenesis was still reduced by IMO. Thus, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of StAR protein is an important mechanism in the adaptive response of Leydig cells to repeated IMO.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kostic
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Stojkov
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Janjic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maric
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Andric
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases