title: Garlic powder ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.
abstract: cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent successfully used in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. Nevertheless, nephrotoxicity has restricted its clinical use. The use of more than a few antioxidants has shown that reactive oxygen species are involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. In the present work the effect of garlic powder, a recognized antioxidant, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative and nitrosative stress was studied. Rats were fed with a 2% garlic powder diet for 4 weeks. A single injection of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) induced tubular damage and an increase in the following markers of renal injury 3 days later: blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. The cisplatin injection also increased 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunostaining in renal cortex and medulla. It was found that the garlic powder feeding was able to prevent by 40-59% the alterations in the markers of renal injury studied, by 33% the histological damage, and by 38-75% the increase in markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress. It is concluded that the ability of garlic powder to ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal injury is associated with its antioxidant properties. Our data support the use of garlic powder as a renoprotective agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, México, DF, México.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Razo-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Yolanda I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Chirino
authors.forename: Dolores Javier
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez-González
authors.forename: Claudia María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.forename: Cristino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza-Chaverri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011208:Powders; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D011208:Powders; D002945:Cisplatin