Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
Insulin resistance characterizes type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, disorders associated with an increased risk of death due to macrovascular disease. In the past few decades, research from both the basic science and clinical arenas has enabled evidence-based use of therapeutic modalities such as statins and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to reduce cardiovascular (CV) mortality in insulin-resistant patients. Recently, promising drugs such as the thiazolidinediones have come under scrutiny for possible deleterious CV effects. Ongoing research has broadened our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, implicating detrimental effects of inflammation and the cellular stress response on the vasculature. In this review, we address current thinking that is shaping our molecular understanding of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis.
Razani
Babak
B
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Chakravarthy
Manu V
MV
Semenkovich
Clay F
CF
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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