title: Severity of obstructive sleep apnea in children with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize polysomnographic (PSG) findings of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) suspected of having sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Families of 100 consecutively referred children with SCD completed the Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire during a routine visit to identify concerns regarding sleep habits and sleep behavior. Of these, 48 children were identified as displaying behaviors suspicious of SDB. Nineteen agreed to an overnight PSG. The results from the PSGs of the SCD with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) group (SCD-OSAS; group 1) were compared with the results of 10 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched patients identified as OSAS with no medical comorbidities (uncomplicated OSAS; group 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDB was identified in 79% of the SCD group. As compared with the uncomplicated OSAS group, the SCD with OSAS group displayed nocturnal desaturation with lower nadir values, of longer duration, with a 4-fold increased risk for oxygen desaturation below 85%, higher percentage of total sleep time with end-tidal carbon dioxide (ET CO2) values >50 mm Hg, with a 3.7-fold increased risk for spending more than 25% of total sleep time with ET CO2 more than 50 mm Hg and higher peak ET CO2 with a 7-fold increase for peak ET CO2 above 53 mm Hg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with SCD suspicious of SDB may have not only a higher incidence of OSAS, but also more severe nocturnal desaturation and hypercapnia as compared with children with uncomplicated OSAS.
authors.affiliation: Sections of Neurology and Sleep Medicine, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaleyias
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mostofi
authors.forename: Mitzie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: Carlton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dampier
authors.forename: Sanjeev V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kothare
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen