title: Differential effects of class I isoform histone deacetylase depletion and enzymatic inhibition by belinostat or valproic acid in HeLa cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification involved in the regulation of gene expression, balanced by histone acetyl transferases and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induce growth arrest and cell death in transformed cells, and are currently in many clinical cancer trials. The transcriptional response to HDACi is complex, as is the response to HDAC isoform knockdown (KD). Here, we describe for the first time in a human cancer cell line, a transcriptional comparison of treatment by two structurally unrelated HDACi; belinostat and valproic acid with the KD of HDAC1, 2 and 3 isoforms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HDAC KD showed anti-proliferative effects, although to a lesser extent than HDACi treatment. Moreover, we found a 2-fold increased resistance of HDAC1 knockdown cells to belinostat, suggesting this isoenzyme as a selective target. While both HDACi treatment and individual class I HDAC KD produce significant transcriptional effects, three-times higher for HDACi, the gene-expression profiles of class I HDAC KD compared with that obtained by HDACi treatment exhibited less than 4% of altered genes in common between the two modes of inhibition. Further, cell-specific effects of HDAC KD are evident by comparison with a recent study in a different cell line.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased resistance to belinostat in response to HDAC1 depletion indicates the possibility of using this isoform as a predictive biomarker of response to HDACi treatment. Further, the transcriptional response to chemical inhibition of HDACs is very different from that of KD of individual class I HDAC isoforms. These data suggest that the anti-tumor effect of HDACi is indeed linked to class I inhibition, but may be more complex than simply targeting individual HDAC enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Pathology Unit, National University Hospital, Biocentre, Copenhagen, Denmark. mdejligbjerg@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dejligbjerg
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grauslund
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Litman
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Xiaozhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lichenstein
authors.forename: Peter Buhl
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Maxwell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sehested
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C110550:HDAC1 protein, human; C487081:belinostat
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