title: The relationship between erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms and the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) and the potential interplay of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-I) have clinical implications for both patient screening and treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the current literature assessing the LUTS-ED relationship and the role of PDE5-I from both a basic science and clinical intervention perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  We focused on data recently published (1990-2008) describing epidemiologic and mechanistic manuscripts of the LUTS-ED relationship with emphasis on papers involving PDE5-I-particularly those using level 1 evidence clinical trials. Base key words used included BPH, LUTS, ED, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in combination with such secondary key words as nitric oxide, autonomic hyperactivity, Rho-kinase, atherosclerosis, and mechanism. We abstracted >200 articles and reviewed >100.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The large overlap of elderly men with both LUTS and ED likely stems from a cause-and-effect relationship. Thus far, four proposed mechanisms attempt to explain the relationship between LUTS and ED. Multiple studies showing that PDE5-I improved LUTS have been performed. Understanding the role of PDE5-I in the LUTS and ED relationship affects patient screening and treatment but also raises further research questions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The future use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors as either prophylaxis or as a primary treatment for LUTS looms as a possibility and may not be limited to men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: McVary
mesh_terms: D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D009569:Nitric Oxide