title: Changes of conjunctivochalasis with age in a hospital-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between age and the incidence and severity of conjunctivochalasis by using the grading system for conjunctivochalasis proposed by Meller and Tseng.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,416 patients aged one to 94 years were enrolled. The age, gender, medical history, ocular history, and grade and parameters of conjunctivochalasis at three locations (nasal, middle, and temporal) were determined in all subject.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of conjunctivochalasis increased dramatically with age (one to 10 years, 6.8%; 11 to 20 years, 36.2%; 21 to 30 years, 61.5%; 31 to 40 years, 71.4%; 41 to 50 years, 90.2%; 51 to 60 years, 94.2%; 61 to 70 years, 98.0%; 71 to 80 years, 99.0%; 81 to 90 years, 98.5%; and 91 to 100 years, 100.0%). The mean grade of conjunctivochalasis was higher in female patients than in male patients (nasal area, P = .0229; temporal area, P = .0078) and was higher for the temporal conjunctiva than the nasal conjunctiva (P < .0000001). Parameters such as the downward gaze- or digital pressure-dependent changes of conjunctivochalasis and the presence of superficial punctate keratitis all increased with age. These conjunctivochalasis-related parameters were correlated with the severity of conjunctivochalasis (P < .00001), especially of the middle bulbar conjunctiva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the grade of conjunctivochalasis in a large series of consecutive patients. Our results strongly suggest that conjunctivochalasis is an age-dependent eye disease that occurs in young adulthood and thereafter. The present grading system should be useful for future clinical studies of conjunctivochalasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. mimurat-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Hideharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funatsu
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult