title: Glucocorticoids antagonize estrogens by glucocorticoid receptor-mediated activation of estrogen sulfotransferase.
abstract: Glucocorticoids and estrogens are two classes of steroid hormones that have essential but distinct physiologic functions. Estrogens also represent a risk factor for breast cancer. It has been suggested that glucocorticoids can attenuate estrogen responses, but the mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit estrogenic activity is unknown. In this study, we show that activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by dexamethasone (DEX) induced the expression and activity of estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1 or EST), an enzyme important for the metabolic deactivation of estrogens, because sulfonated estrogens fail to activate the estrogen receptor. Treatment with DEX lowered circulating estrogens, compromised uterine estrogen responses, and inhibited estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth in vitro and in a xenograft model. We further showed that the mouse and human SULT1E1 genes are transcriptional targets of GR and deletion of Sult1e1/Est in mice abolished the DEX effect on estrogen responses. These findings have revealed a novel nuclear receptor-mediated and metabolism-based mechanism of estrogen deprivation, which may have implications in therapeutic development for breast cancers. Because glucocorticoids and estrogens are widely prescribed drugs, our results also urge caution in avoiding glucocorticoid-estrogen interactions in patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Haibiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jarzynka
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Wen-Chao
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: DeFranco
authors.forename: Shi-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D004958:Estradiol; D003907:Dexamethasone; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C020122:estrone sulfotransferase
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