title: Phase II study of vicriviroc versus efavirenz (both with zidovudine/lamivudine) in treatment-naive subjects with HIV-1 infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vicriviroc (VCV) is a CCR5 antagonist with nanomolar activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro and in vivo. We report the results of a phase II dose-finding study of VCV plus dual nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in the treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that began with a 14-day comparison of 3 dosages of VCV with placebo in treatment-naive subjects infected with CCR5-using HIV-1. After 14 days of monotherapy, lamivudine/zidovudine was added to the VCV arms; subjects receiving placebo were treated with efavirenz and lamivudine/zidovudine; the planned treatment duration was 48 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two subjects enrolled. After 14 days of once-daily monotherapy, the mean viral loads decreased from baseline values by 0.07 log(10) copies/mL in the placebo arm, 0.93 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 25 mg arm, 1.18 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 50 mg arm, and 1.34 log(10) copies/mL in the VCV 75 mg arm (P < .001 for each VCV arm vs. the placebo arm). The combination-therapy portion of the study was stopped because of increased rates of virologic failure in the VCV 25 mg/day arm (relative hazard [RH], 21.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-168.9) and the VCV 50 mg/day arm (RH, 11.7; 95% CI, 1.5-92.9), compared with that in the control arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VCV administered with dual NRTIs in treatment-naive subjects with HIV-1 infection had increased rates of virologic failure, compared with efavirenz plus dual NRTIs. No treatment-limiting toxicity was observed. Study of higher doses of VCV as part of combination therapy is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA. rlandovitz@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Raphael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Landovitz
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horst
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opravil
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fätkenheuer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D065100:CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; C098320:efavirenz; C486781:vicriviroc