title: Etiology of short stature in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the causes of short stature in children with special emphasis on growth hormone deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Paediatrics, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Multan from September 2004 to January 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fourteen children (140 boys and 74 girls), ranging from 02 to 15 years presenting with short stature were studied. Height and weight were plotted on appropriate growth charts and centiles determined. Relevant hematological and biochemical investigations including thyroid profile were done. Bone age was determined in all cases. Growth hormone axis was investigated after excluding other causes. Karyotyping was done in selected cases. Data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0 by descriptive statistics. Mean values were compared using t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the five most common etiological factors in order of frequency were Constitutional Growth Delay (CGD), Familial Short Stature (FSS), malnutrition, coeliac disease and Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD). In 37.4% of patients, the study revealed normal variants of growth - CGD, FSS or combination of both, 46.7% cases had nonendocrinological and 15.9% had endocrinological etiology. CGD (22.1%) in males and FSS (27%) in females were the most common etiology. GHD was found in 6.1% children and it comprised 38.2% of all endocrinological causes. Children with height falling below 0.4th centile were more likely to have a pathological short stature (79.2%) compared to 39.3% whose height was below 3rd centile but above 0.4th centile (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CGD and FSS are most common causes of short stature in boys and girls respectively, whereas, GHD is a relatively uncommon etiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Combined Military Hospital, Multan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mehboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.forename: Shaukat Mahmood
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lutfullah
authors.forename: Shoaib Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mudassar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Syed Uzair
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Maqsood
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadiq
authors.forename: Naeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Farid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors