title: Three-dimensional computer-assisted study model analysis of long-term oral-appliance wear. Part 2. Side effects of oral appliances in obstructive sleep apnea patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral appliances (OAs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The occlusal changes that occur after long term OA treatment have not been well described based on detailed computerized three-dimensional (3D) assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients with OSA (mean age, 50.0 years) who had been treated with an OA were identified for this study. A MicroScribe-3DX dental study model analysis system was used to make 3D measurements on baseline and follow-up (88.4 +/- 26.7 months) study models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following dental measurements showed significant changes (P <0.05) with long-term use of an OA: mandibular arch width increased more than maxillary arch width, crowding decreased in both arches, the curve of Spee became flat in the premolar area, the mandibular canine to second molar segment moved forward in relation to the maxillary arch, the bite opened and the overjet decreased except in some molar areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of occlusal changes occur with long-term OA treatment for OSA. The changes could be regarded as either adverse or beneficial depending upon the baseline characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. huichen@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Fernanda Riberiro
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fleetham
authors.forename: Bangkang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003481:Cuspid / Q000503:physiopathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D017090:Occlusal Splints / Q000009:adverse effects*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000209:etiology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D014716:Vertical Dimension