title: Biodegradation of 4-nitrophenol in a two-phase sequencing batch reactor: concept demonstration, kinetics and modelling.
abstract: The objectives of this work were to demonstrate the potential of a two-phase sequencing batch reactor in degrading xenobiotics and to evaluate the kinetic parameters leading to a mathematical model of the system. 4-Nitrophenol (4NP), a typical representative of substituted phenols, was selected as the target xenobiotic; this compound has never been remediated in a two-phase bioreactor before. Partition tests were conducted to determine the most appropriate partitioning solvent, and among the three investigated solvents (1-undecanol, 2-undecanone and oleyl alcohol), 2-undecanone was chosen because of its favourable partition coefficient and its negligible emulsion-forming tendencies. Moreover, the selected solvent showed satisfactory biocompatibility characteristics with respect to the biomass, with only minor effects on the intrinsic microbial kinetics. Kinetic tests were then performed in a sequencing batch reactor (2-l volume) operated in both conventional one- and two-phase configurations, with the two-phase system showing a significant improvement in the process kinetics in terms of reduced inhibition and increased maximum removal rate. The obtained kinetic parameters suggest that the two-phase sequencing batch system may find full-scale application, as the maximum removal rate k(max) (approximately 3 mg 4NP mgVSS(-1) day(-1)) is of the same order of magnitude of heterotrophic bacteria operating in wastewater treatment plants.
authors.affiliation: Water Research Institute, CNR, Via Reno 1, 00198 Rome, Italy. tomei@irsa.cnr.it
authors.forename: M Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tomei
authors.forename: M Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Annesini
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rita
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Daugulis
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D001711:Biotransformation; D007700:Kinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009596:Nitrophenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009596:Nitrophenols; D012997:Solvents; C024836:4-nitrophenol