title: Passenger distractions among adolescent drivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescents who drive with peers are known to have a higher risk of crashes. While passengers may distract drivers, little is known about the circumstances of these distractions among teen drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used survey data on driving among 2,144 California high school seniors to examine distractions caused by passengers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 38.4% of youths who drove reported having been distracted by a passenger. Distractions were more commonly reported among girls and students attending moderate- to high-income schools. Talking or yelling was the most commonly reported type of distraction. About 7.5% of distractions reported were deliberate, such as hitting or tickling the driver or attempting to use the vehicle's controls. Driving after alcohol use and having had a crash as a driver were both significant predictors of reporting passenger-related distraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents often experience distractions related to passengers, and in some cases these distractions are intentional.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide information about teenage drivers who are distracted by passenger behaviors. In some cases, passengers attempted to use vehicle controls; however, it seems unlikely that this behavior is common enough to warrant redesign of controls to make them less accessible to passengers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Community Development, 4-H Center for Youth Development, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA. keheck@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: Ramona M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Carlos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012919:Social Behavior