title: Measuring symptom relief in studies of vaginal and vulvar atrophy: the most bothersome symptom approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the importance and usefulness of self-reported symptom data, especially the most bothersome symptom, in the evaluation of treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Women rated symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy (vaginal dryness, vaginal/vulvar irritation/itching, vaginal/vulvar soreness, and dyspareunia) before and during treatment and selected one moderate to severe symptom as the most bothersome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 310 women (n = 156 placebo), vaginal dryness and dyspareunia were most commonly classified as moderate to severe and as most bothersome (44.4% and 30.2%, respectively). For both symptoms, the effect size favoring active treatment consistently increased as the cohort was more narrowly defined (all treated women, women who classified the symptom as moderate or severe, and those who classified the symptom as most bothersome). Compared with the standardized effect sizes for all women, those calculated from the most bothersome symptom were 49% and 62% greater for dyspareunia and dryness, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : The most bothersome symptom approach represents a meaningful new standard for measurement of self-assessed vulvovaginal atrophy symptom change, but evaluation of change in individual symptoms remains an important, unbiased primary analysis of efficacy in vulvovaginal atrophy studies.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ettinger
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hait
authors.forename: Kathleen Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Reape
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014844:Vulva / Q000473:pathology*; D016387:Women's Health