title: New risk markers may change the HeartScore risk classification significantly in one-fifth of the population.
abstract: The study aim was to determine whether urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) added to risk prediction based on HeartScore and history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease. A Danish population sample of 2460 individuals was divided in three groups: 472 subjects receiving cardiovascular medication or having history of diabetes, prior myocardial infarction or stroke, 559 high-risk subjects with a 10-year risk of cardiovascular death above 5% as estimated by HeartScore, and 1429 low-moderate risk subjects with estimated risk below 5%. During the following 9.5 years the composite end point of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke (CEP) occurred in 204 subjects. CEP was predicted in all three groups by UACR (HRs: 2.1, 2.1 and 2.3 per 10-fold increase, all P<0.001) or by hsCRP (HRs: 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 per 10-fold increase, all P<0.05), but not by Nt-proBNP (HRs: 1.1, 2.6 and 3.7 per 10-fold increase, last two P<0.001) (P<0.05 for interaction). In the low-moderate risk group, pre-specified gender adjusted (men/women) cutoff values of UACR> or =0.73/1.06 mg mmol(-1) or hsCRP> or =6.0/7.3 mg l(-1) identified a subgroup of 16% who experienced one-third of the CEPs. In the patient group, combined absence of high UACR and high Nt-proBNP> or =110/164 pg ml(-1) (men/women) identified a subgroup of 52% who experienced only 15% of the CEPs. Additional use of UACR and hsCRP in subjects with low-moderate risk and UACR and Nt-proBNP in subjects with known diabetes of cardiovascular disease changed HeartScore risk classification significantly in 19% of the population.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup, Denmark. mho@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003401:Creatine