title: Lipid profiles of persons with paraplegia and tetraplegia: sex differences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the lipoprotein profiles of men and women with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Impairment of the sympathetic nervous system (dependent on the level of injury) and the extent of physical capacity and activity were correlated with the lipid profile in men with spinal cord injury (SCI). Sex-related differences of the lipoprotein profiles could be found in nondisabled and premenopausal women with SCI mainly because of the different effects of sexual hormones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipoprotein profiles of 112 participants with SCI (32 premenopausal women, 80 men) were analyzed and correlated to sex, lesion level, and physical performance capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with tetraplegia or paraplegia showed significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein and lower ratios of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with men with corresponding lesion levels, without a difference in peak oxygen consumption. Concentrations of very-low-density lipoproteins were lower in women with paraplegia than in men with paraplegia; no differences were found in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides. Sex-independent elevations in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were associated with paraplegia, and sex-independent elevations in triglyceride levels were associated with tetraplegia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persons with SCI showed sex-related differences in their lipoprotein profiles. Independent of physical fitness, the lipoprotein profile of premenopausal women with SCI did not exhibit the adverse lipoprotein characteristics observed in men with SCI, probably because of the influence of sexual hormones independent of lesion level.
authors.affiliation: AsuA Medical Consulting, Freiburg, Germany. dr.schmid.andreas@web.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knöebber
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deibert
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bültermann
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Manfred W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Baumstark
authors.forename: Aloys
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Max-Jürgen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Storch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008297:Male; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides
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