title: Analysis of cytokine secretion from human plasmacytoid dendritic cells infected with H5N1 or low-pathogenicity influenza viruses.
abstract: Mechanisms underlying the virulence of H5N1 influenza viruses in humans are poorly understood, though evidence of hyperinflammation and systemic viral replication has been reported. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), a major source of type I interferon, potentially affect host defense against influenza viruses. To analyze how influenza virus infection alters PDC function, we measured cytokine secretion from primary human PDCs infected with high- or low-pathogenicity influenza viruses. IFN-alpha responses induced by H5N1 viruses were several-fold higher than those induced by low-pathogenicity strains; differences in the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IP-10 were less pronounced, in contrast with findings from human macrophage studies. Reassortant viruses bearing H5N1-derived NS genes did not elicit enhanced IFN-alpha secretion by PDCs; thus, other H5N1 gene(s) are responsible for the heightened response. Their central role in the induction of an effective antiviral immune response and the finding that they respond differently to influenza viruses of different pathogenicities suggest that PDCs may play a role in the hypercytokinemia associated with H5N1 infection in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sandbulte
authors.forename: Adrianus C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Webby
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Riberdy
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000276:immunology; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000378:metabolism; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; D007370:Interferon Type I; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
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