title: Rectangle tongue template for reconstruction of the hemiglossectomy defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if a rectangular template free tissue transfer is effective for the reconstruction of the hemiglossectomy defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 13 patients (male to female ratio, 8:5; mean age, 55 years) presenting with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue from May 2000 to December 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 13 patients, 7 received postoperative radiotherapy and 2 received prior radiotherapy. The radial forearm was the donor site in 11 patients and the lateral arm and anterolateral thigh in 1 patient each. The mean flap area was 50 cm(2) (range, 24-80 cm(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Major and minor complications, speech and swallowing assessment, oral cavity obliteration, premaxillary contact, tongue elevation, and tongue protrusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no major complications, and 2 of the 13 patients experienced minor complications. Of the 13 patients, 12 achieved the goals of oral cavity obliteration and premaxillary contact and resumed solid oral intake. One patient remained G-tube dependent owing to toxic effects from previous chemoradiation treatment. The mean tongue tip protrusion was 0.7 cm (range, 0-1.7 cm), and the mean elevation was 1.7 cm (range, 1-3 cm). Patients with protrusion greater than 0.8 cm had better swallowing scores for "range of solids" (5.8 of 6 vs 3.9 of 6; P = .045) and "eating in public" (4.6 of 5 vs 3.5 of 5; P = .10). The average patient resumed a full range of liquid and solid intake with minimal restrictions and believed that their speech was mostly understandable with occasional repetition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The template-based rectangle tongue flap effectively restored speech and swallowing function in this group of patients. Tongue protrusion greater than 0.8 cm is associated with better swallowing results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, 1904 Taubman Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0312, USA. dchepeha@umich.edu
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Chepeha
authors.forename: Theodoros N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Teknos
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shargorodsky
authors.forename: Assuntina G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyden
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Carol R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003679:Deglutition; D005260:Female; D005927:Glossectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013060:Speech; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome