title: Nasal obstruction in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal obstruction secondary to pathological enlargement of inferior nasal turbinates contributes to sleep-disordered breathing (SBD) in prepubertal children, but treatments designed to address turbinate enlargement are often not performed. The aims of these studies are: (1) to appreciate the contribution to SDB of untreated enlarged nasal turbinates in prepubertal children; and (2) to report our experience with treatment of enlarged nasal turbinates in young children with SDB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with enlarged nasal turbinates who underwent adenotonsillectomy (T&A) had significantly less improvement in postoperative apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) compared to those treated with concomitant turbinate reduction. Children in the untreated turbinate hypertrophy group subsequently underwent radiofrequency ablation of the inferior nasal turbinates; following this procedure, AHI was no different than AHI of those without hypertrophy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an analysis of safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency treatment of the nasal turbinates, we found the procedure to be a well-tolerated component of SDB treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that radiofrequency (RF) treatment of inferior nasal turbinates is a safe and effective treatment in young prepubertal children with SDB. When indicated, it should be included in the treatment plan for prepubertal children with SDB. However, the duration of effectiveness is variable and therapy may need to be repeated if turbinate hypertrophy recurs.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Sleep Medicine Program, Stanford CA, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Kasey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guilleminault
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000293:Adolescent; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000209:etiology*; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D014420:Turbinates / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery