title: Nephrotoxic effects of iodixanol and iopromide in patients with abnormal renal function receiving N-acetylcysteine and hydration before coronary angiography and intervention: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of contrast agents during coronary intervention can result in nephropathy, particularly in patients with renal dysfunction. We aimed to determine whether the use of iso-osmolar iodixanol is less nephrotoxic than that of low-osmolar iopromide when patients are adequately prehydrated and have received N-acetylcysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study of patients with impaired renal function undergoing a coronary interventional procedure. Primary end-point was the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) on day 2, defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration of > or =44 micromol/L (0.5 mg/dL) or by a relative increase of > or =25% from baseline. Secondary end-points included peak increase in serum creatinine between baseline and day 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 191 patients recruited, 15% (95% CI: 8-22) of the patients receiving iopromide and 12% (95% CI: 5-19) of the patients receiving iodixanol developed CIN (95% CI of the difference: 13 to -7, P = 0.56). When including peak serum creatinine on day 7, CIN developed in 23% of patients receiving iopromide and in 27% of patients receiving iodixanol (95% CI of the difference: 8 to -16, P = 0.48). The peak increase in serum creatinine concentration at day 7 was similar in both groups (patients receiving iopromide, 18.4 +/- 24.4 micromol/L, vs patients receiving iodixanol, 21.9 +/- 24.2 micromol/L; P = 0.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There remains a high incidence of CIN despite prehydration and routine use of N-acetylcysteine in patients with pre-existing renal dysfunction undergoing coronary interventional procedures. Although our study is underpowered, iodixanol was not associated with a statistically significant lower incidence of CIN when compared with iopromide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool BC, NSW 1871, Australia. c.juergens@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Juergens
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Do
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hallani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: D Y C
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007472:Iohexol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D007472:Iohexol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C038192:iopromide; D003404:Creatinine; C044834:iodixanol; D000111:Acetylcysteine