title: Very long chain N4, N9 -diacyl spermines: non-viral lipopolyamine vectors for efficient plasmid DNA and siRNA delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of increasing the chain length over C-18 and varying the oxidation level in synthesized N4, N9-diacyl spermines on DNA and siRNA formulation, and then to compare their transfection efficiency in cell lines
  
  
  METHODS
  The five novel very long chain N4, N9-diacyl polyamines: N4, N9-[diarachidoyl, diarachidonoyl, dieicosenoyl, dierucoyl and dinervonoyl]-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane were synthesized. The abilities of these novel compounds to condense DNA and to form nanoparticles were studied using ethidium bromide fluorescence quenching and nanoparticle characterization techniques. Transfection efficiency was studied in FEK4 primary skin cells and in an immortalized cancer cell line (HtTA), and compared with the non-liposomal transfection formulation Lipogen, N4, N9-dioleoyl-1,12-diamino-4,9-diazadodecane. Also, the abilities of these compounds to condense siRNA and to form nanoparticles were studied using a RiboGreen intercalation assay and their abilities to deliver siRNA into cells were studied in FEK4 and HtTA cells using fluorescein-labelled Label IT(R) RNAi Delivery Control, a sequenced 21-mer from Mirus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show efficient pEGFP and siRNA formulation and delivery to primary skin and cancer cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adding two C20 or C22 chains, both mono-cis-unsaturated, N4, N9-dieicosenoyl spermine and N4, N9-dierucoyl spermine, gave efficient siRNA delivery vectors, even in the presence of serum, comparable to TransIT-TKO and with excellent cell viability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Hassan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ghonaim
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Blagbrough
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004996:Ethidium; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005784:Gene Amplification; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008081:Liposomes; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics*; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008081:Liposomes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013096:Spermine; D004247:DNA; D004996:Ethidium; C022616:thiazolyl blue
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