title: K-ras cancer gene mutations in lung tumors from female Swiss (CD-1) mice exposed transplacentally to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
abstract: A transplacental carcinogenicity study was conducted by exposing pregnant Swiss (CD-1) mice to 0, 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)/kg body weight (BW) daily for the duration of gestation (18-19 days) [National Toxicology Program,2006]. The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas in the 200 and 300 mg/kg groups was significantly higher (P = 0.027 and 0.007, respectively) in male offspring, but not in females (P = 0.338 and 0.315, respectively). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate K-ras mutation status in lung tumors from the female offspring in AZT exposed groups and to determine whether at the molecular level there were signature K-ras mutations in lung tumors that were different from spontaneous tumors. K-ras mutation was detected by cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA, isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tumors. K-ras mutations were detected in 17 of 28 (61%) lung tumors from the female offspring in AZT exposed groups. No K-ras mutations were detected in the 8 tumors examined from the female control group. The predominant mutations were Codon 12 G-->T transversions in the 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg groups, and Codon 12 G-->C transversions in the 200 and 300 mg/kg groups. K-ras Codon 12 G-->T transversions (TGT mutations) may be induced by oxidative DNA damage and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), while K-ras Codon 12 G-->C transversions (CGT mutations) may be due to further oxidative lesions of guanine and 8-oxoG.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koujitani
authors.forename: Tai-Vu T
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Ton
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lahousse
authors.forename: Hue-Hua L
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sills
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine