title: Treatment of the anophthalmic socket.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of porous orbital implants has modified the surgical approach towards the rehabilitation of the anophthalmic socket. Since then, many steps forward have been taken. The present study highlights the most recent advances in the treatment of anophthalmic socket on the basis of a review of the most relevant studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current studies analysing the treatment of anophthalmic socket focus on the follow-up of a large series of orbital implants, the mechanism of extrusion of implants, the management of implant extrusion, and the treatment of contracted socket. Orbital volume augmentation with self-inflating expanders has been suggested as a useful technique to treat congenital anophthalmia, though custom-made conformers may produce similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implant materials and wrapping, surgical technique and treatment of lid malpositions associated with postenucleation socket syndrome are all factors affecting the rehabilitation of patients with anophthalmia. Current clinical evidence does not support porous implants with respect to nonporous implants. The treatment of congenital anophthalmia is directed through a simultaneous stimulation of both soft tissue and bony orbital growth. Further studies with extensive follow-ups are necessary as adverse effects may develop many years after socket surgery.
authors.affiliation: Orbital and Adnexal Service, Villa Tiberia Hospital, Rome, Italy. frquar@tin.it
authors.forename: Francesco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Quaranta-Leoni
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000853:Anophthalmos / Q000601:surgery*; D005137:Eye, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D020273:Orbital Implants; D015625:Tissue Expansion Devices