To flip or not to flip: lipid-protein charge interactions are a determinant of final membrane protein topology.
The molecular details of how lipids influence final topological organization of membrane proteins are not well understood. Here, we present evidence that final topology is influenced by lipid-protein interactions most likely outside of the translocon. The N-terminal half of Escherichia coli lactose permease (LacY) is inverted with respect to the C-terminal half and the membrane bilayer when assembled in mutants lacking phosphatidylethanolamine and containing only negatively charged phospholipids. We demonstrate that inversion is dependent on interactions between the net charge of the cytoplasmic surface of the N-terminal bundle and the negative charge density of the membrane bilayer surface. A transmembrane domain, acting as a molecular hinge between the two halves of the protein, must also exit from the membrane for inversion to occur. Phosphatidylethanolamine dampens the translocation potential of negative residues in favor of the cytoplasmic retention potential of positive residues, thus explaining the dominance of positive over negative amino acids as co- or post-translational topological determinants.
Bogdanov
Mikhail
M
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
Xie
Jun
J
Heacock
Phil
P
Dowhan
William
W
D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D027981:Symporters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C050221:LacY protein, E coli; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D027981:Symporters; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine
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