title: Repeated anaesthesia with isoflurane and xylazine/levomethadone/fenpipramide premedication in female Beagle dogs: influence on general health and wellbeing.
abstract: Beagle dogs continue to be used in experimental studies and preclinical and clinical trials, many of which address the usage of anaesthesia. In order to reduce the number of animals, researchers tend to conduct several experiments on a single animal. The question arises, however, as to whether or not this frequent usage involves more than simply additional stress and discomfort for the individual animal. Within the framework of an existing study involving six female Beagle dogs, we investigated the effects of repeated (5) isoflurane anaesthesia with xylazine/levomethadone/fenpipramide premedication carried out at short intervals (2 weeks) and compared these with the effects of two treatments intermitted by a longer resting period (8 weeks). To verify our hypothesis that frequent anaesthesia affects the dog's wellbeing more than the occasional anaesthesia, the following parameters were measured at regular intervals: body weight, body temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, reflexes and heart rate, both at rest and during a treadmill exercise. In addition, recovery behaviour subsequent to anaesthesia was monitored for one hour. Our observations indicate that the anaesthetic effects are most prominent 24 h after the anaesthetic treatment. However, crossover analysis of our data cannot show that there is no statistical difference of whether dogs were anaesthetized occasionally or frequently. In our study, it appears that frequent anaesthesia within a two-week period did not affect the wellbeing and general health of Beagle dogs in a super-additive manner and that a minimum of two-week testing-free period is sufficient to ensure complete recovery from the unwanted effects induced by anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School for Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany. bert.bettina@vetmed.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bert
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hartje
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arndt
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Ulbrich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauff
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004158:Diphenylacetic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000662:veterinary*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D004158:Diphenylacetic Acids; D014991:Xylazine; C003148:fenpipramide; D007530:Isoflurane; D008691:Methadone