title: Sponge OAS has a distinct genomic structure within the 2-5A synthetase family.
abstract: 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetases (2-5A synthetases, OAS) are enzymes that play an important role in the interferon-induced antiviral defense mechanisms in mammals. Sponges, the evolutionarily lowest multicellular animals, also possess OAS; however, their function is presently unclear. Low homology between primary structures of 2-5A synthetases from vertebrates and sponges renders their evolutionary relationship obscure. The genomic structure of vertebrate OASs has been thoroughly examined, making it possible to elucidate molecular evolution and expansion of this gene family. Until now, no OAS gene structure was available from sponges to compare it with the corresponding genes from higher organisms. In the present work, we determined the exon/intron structure of the OAS gene from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium and found it to be completely different from the strictly conserved exon/intron pattern of the OAS genes from vertebrates. This finding was corroborated by the analysis of OAS genes from another sponge, Amphimedon queenslandica, whose genome was recently sequenced. Our data suggest that vertebrate and sponge OAS genes have no direct common intron-containing ancestor and two (sub)types of OAS may be discriminated. This study opens new perspectives for understanding the phylogenesis and evolution of 2-5A synthetases as well as functional aspects of this multigene family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
authors.forename: Tõnu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reintamm
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuusksalu
authors.forename: Madis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metsis
authors.forename: Mailis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Päri
authors.forename: Kerli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vallmann
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopp
authors.forename: Just
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Justesen
authors.forename: Merike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelve
mesh_terms: D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011161:Porifera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase
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