title: Effect of spinal transcutaneous direct current stimulation on somatosensory evoked potentials in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Invasive stimulation of the spinal cord is used to treat a number of pathological conditions. Aiming to modulate human spinal cord function non-invasively, we evaluated whether transcutaneous direct current (DC) stimulation induces long-lasting changes in conduction along the sensory spinal pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) by posterior tibial nerve and by median nerve stimulation were recorded, before, at current offset and at 20 min after transcutaneous anodal or cathodal DC stimulation over the thoracic spinal cord (2.5 mA, 15 min) in a group of 12 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas both polarities left the spinal (N22) and the cortical potentials (P39) unchanged, anodal transcutaneous spinal DC stimulation decreased significantly by about 25% the amplitude of the cervico-medullary component of posterior tibial nerve SEPs (P30) for at least 20 min. Thoracic transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation left median nerve SEPs unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcutaneous DC stimulation over the thoracic spinal cord induces changes in conduction along human lemniscal pathway that persist after stimulation ends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the use of transcutaneous DC stimulation as a novel tool for non-invasive spinal neuromodulation. Because the method is non-expensive and simple, it can be tested in patients with disorders presently treated with invasive procedures.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Padiglione Ponti, Via F. Sforza 35, Milano 20122, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cogiamanian
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vergari
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pulecchi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marceglia
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D055815:Young Adult