title: The DAISY gene from Arabidopsis encodes a fatty acid elongase condensing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic suberin in roots and the chalaza-micropyle region of seeds.
abstract: Suberin is a hydrophobic polyester found in the cell walls of various plant-environment interfaces, including shoot and root peridermal tissue, and the root hypodermis and endodermis. Suberin deposits form apoplastic barriers that control water and nutrient transport, protect against pathogens and seal wounded tissue. Despite this physiological importance, and the detailed information on the suberin composition of many plants, there is a great gap in our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of suberin biosynthesis, caused in part by a lack of mutants in suberin formation. Here, we report the characterization of daisy, an Arabidopsis mutant that is defective in a fatty acid elongase condensing enzyme. The daisy mutant roots exhibit disturbed growth, and the suberin level is reduced in C(22) and C(24) very long chain fatty acid derivatives, whereas C(16), C(18) and C(20) derivatives accumulate, compared with wild-type suberin, indicating that DAISY functions as a docosanoic acid synthase. Consistent with a significantly increased level of suberin in the roots of NaCl-stressed plants, DAISY is transcriptionally activated by NaCl application, and also by polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress and wounding. Expression analysis using RT-PCR and promoter-GUS fusions demonstrated a distinct DAISY expression pattern in the root stele, senescing sepals, siliques abscission zones and the chalaza-micropyle region of seeds. Together, these results indicate that DAISY is involved in suberin biosynthesis and in the formation of protective layers in these tissues, and in the response to unfavourable environmental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, Germany. rochus.franke@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Rochus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Höfer
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Briesen
authors.forename: Mitja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emsermann
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Efremova
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yephremov
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schreiber
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D055864:Droughts; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011091:Polyesters / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008055:Lipids; D011091:Polyesters; D018749:RNA, Plant; C036483:T-DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C065875:suberin; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D000081031:Fatty Acid Elongases