title: Incidence of glucose metabolic abnormalities in Indian living renal allograft recipients on tacrolimus-based triple drug immunosuppression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of glucose metabolic abnormalities (GMA) and overt diabetes in the Indian population is higher than the Western population. Tacrolimus (generic form), which is known to cause GMA, was recently introduced in India and data on its use in India are scarce. Herein we have presented our experience of the use of tacrolimus in renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 122 consecutive patients receiving tacrolimus-based triple drug immunosuppression at a single center. Target levels were 10 to 15 ng/mL in the first month, 8 to 10 ng/mL in the second to third months, and 5 to 8 ng/mL thereafter. GMA was defined as fasting blood sugar >110 mg% or postprandial blood sugar >140 on more than one occasion. All episodes of graft dysfunction were evaluated by graft biopsy. In addition, all consenting patients underwent protocol biopsy at 1, 3, and 6 months. Overall mean age of recipients was 34.5 +/- 10.1 years; male to female ratio 108:14; mean donor age 40.1 +/- 10.1 years; and mean follow-up 16.8 +/- 5.9 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient and graft survivals at 18 months were 96.7% and 94.8%, respectively. Incidence of clinical biopsy-proven acute rejection was 5.7%. In addition, 8.13% patients had subclinical rejection. The mean serum creatinine at last follow-up was 1.3 +/- 0.6 mg%. Of the nondiabetic recipients, 54.5% developed GMA and 32.7% required drug therapy for glycemic control, of which only 5.5% were insulin dependent. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was 20.0% in the cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of tacrolimus results in a low incidence of clinical acute rejection but a high incidence of GMA in Indian transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. ashish_chd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007194:India; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D005947:Glucose; D016559:Tacrolimus