title: Postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis with combined glucose and fructose ingestion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of using combined glucose and fructose (GF) ingestion as a means to stimulate short-term (4 h) postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis compared to glucose only (G).
  
  
  METHODS
  On two separate occasions, six endurance-trained men performed an exhaustive glycogen-depleting exercise bout followed by a 4-h recovery period. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle at 0, 1, and 4 h after exercise. Subjects ingested carbohydrate solutions containing G (90 g x h(-1)) or GF (G = 60 g x h(-1); F = 30 g x h(-1)) commencing immediately after exercise and every 30 min thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate postexercise muscle glycogen concentrations were similar in both trials (G = 128 +/- 25 mmol x kg(-1) dry muscle (dm) vs GF = 112 +/- 16 mmol x kg(-1) dm; P > 0.05). Total glycogen storage during the 4-h recovery period was 176 +/- 33 and 155 +/- 31 mmol x kg(-1) dm for G and GF, respectively (G vs GF, P > 0.05). Hence, mean muscle glycogen synthesis rates during the 4-h recovery period did not differ between the two conditions (G = 44 +/- 8 mmol x kg(-1) dm x h(-1) vs GF = 39 +/- 8 mmol x kg(-1) dm x h(-1), P > 0.05). Plasma glucose and serum insulin responses during the recovery period were similar in both conditions, although plasma lactate concentrations were significantly elevated during GF compared to G (by approximately 0.8 mmol x L(-1), P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose and glucose/fructose (2:1 ratio) solutions, ingested at a rate of 90 g x h(-1), are equally effective at restoring muscle glycogen in exercised muscles during the recovery from exhaustive exercise.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hulston
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Helen P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Tipton
authors.forename: Asker E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jeukendrup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007773:Lactates; D005632:Fructose; D006003:Glycogen; D005947:Glucose