title: Contribution of energy restriction and macronutrient composition to changes in adipose tissue gene expression during dietary weight-loss programs in obese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoenergetic diets are used to reduce body fat mass and metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. The molecular changes in adipose tissue associated with weight loss and specifically related to the dietary composition are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated adipose tissue gene expression from human obese women according to energy deficit and the fat and carbohydrate content of the diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese subjects recruited among eight European clinical centers were followed up 10 wk of either a low-fat (high carbohydrate) or a moderate-fat (low carbohydrate) hypoenergetic diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two sets of 47 women in each dietary arm were selected among 648 subjects matched for anthropometric and biological parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured adipose tissue gene expression changes in one set using a candidate gene approach. The other set was used to survey 24,469 transcripts using DNA microarrays. Results were analyzed using dedicated statistical methods. Diet-sensitive regulations were confirmed on the other set of subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two diets induced similar weight loss and similar changes for most of the biological variables except for components of the blood lipid profile. One thousand genes were regulated by energy restriction. We validated an effect of the fat to carbohydrate ratio for five genes (FABP4, NR3C1, SIRT3, FNTA, and GABARAPL2) with increased expression during the moderate-fat diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Energy restriction had a more pronounced impact on variations in human adipose tissue gene expression than macronutrient composition. The macronutrient-sensitive regulation of a subset of genes may influence adipose tissue function and metabolic response.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Obésités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 858-I2MR, Equipe 4, IFR31, Institut Louis Bugnard, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capel
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viguerie
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dejean
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klimcakova
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000071190:Autophagy-Related Protein 8 Family; C493410:FABP4 protein, human; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; C498698:GABARAPL2 protein, human; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C497713:NR3C1 protein, human; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D012313:RNA; C466093:SIRT3 protein, human; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins