title: [Clinical analysis of six cases of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was made of 6 patients with VAIN, who were hospitalized at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1980 to 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five cases had a history of hysterectomy, two of whom were because of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical cancer. Four cases had the infection of high-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses detected with hybrid capture II (HC-II), the other two had no record. In all patients the VAIN lesions were within the upper one third of the vagina. They were all diagnosed by colposcopic examination and directed biopsy after the abnormal cytology by thinprep cytology test (TCT). Six cases of VAIN II-III were treated by excisional surgery. One case had residual lesion and had another surgery 3 months after the first one. Two patients obtained remission at one-year follow-up, three had abnormal cytology by TCT 6 months after surgery, and one had abnormal cytology by TCT at six-month follow-up but normal at one-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of CIN is the main risk factor for VAIN, so routine vaginal cytology is needed for the patients after hysterectomy due to CIN. Cytology, colposcopic examination and directed biopsy are the mainstays of VAIN diagnosis. Excisional surgery is recommended for the patients with VAIN II-III. Long term follow-up is necessary after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Xia
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jing-He
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Keng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hui-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ling-Ya
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003127:Colposcopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*