title: A scanning protocol for a sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interface.
abstract: The scanning protocol is a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) implementation that can be controlled with sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The user views a screen that shows four choices in a linear array with one marked as target. The four choices are successively highlighted for 2.5s each. When a target is highlighted, the user can select it by modulating the SMR. An advantage of this method is the capacity to choose among multiple choices with just one learned SMR modulation. Each of 10 naive users trained for ten 30 min sessions over 5 weeks. User performance improved significantly (p<0.001) over the sessions and ranged from 30 to 80% mean accuracy of the last three sessions (chance accuracy=25%). The incidence of correct selections depended on the target position. These results suggest that, with further improvements, a scanning protocol can be effective. The ultimate goal is to expand it to a large matrix of selections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nervous Systems Disorders, The Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Elisabeth V C
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuper
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wolpaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
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