title: Immunomodulatory effect of Antrodia camphorata mycelia and culture filtrate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antrodia camphorata, a precious folkloric medicinal mushroom, has been used to treat tumorigenic diseases in Taiwan. This study was to investigate the innate immunity augmentation effects of different fractions prepared from hot water extracts of submerged cultured Antrodia camphorata (AC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytokine induction potency of AC fraction in diluted peripheral blood culture was measured by ELISA. The effects of AC fraction on phagocytic activity and CD11b expression were measured by the ingestion of FITC-labeled Escherichia coli and by labeling with PE-labeled CD11b monoclonal antibody, respectively, using flow cytometry. The molecular mass of hot water-soluble polysaccharides and content of adenosine in AC fraction were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and HPLC, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mycelia fraction, Fr. M II, and culture filtrate fractions, Fr. E II and Fr. E III, showed the strongest TNF-alpha and IL-6 induction effect as a function of their concentration. These fractions (20mug/ml) also showed marked activity in enhancing phagocytosis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes. In parallel, the expression of CD11b, an early marker of PMN activation, was also up-regulated dose-dependently. Composition analysis suggested that immunomodulatory effect of mycelia is mainly attributed to the 10-20kDa polysaccharides and adenosine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidences that Antrodia camphorata can modulate innate immunity and may serve as an adjuvant for tumor treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Chun
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tso-Lin
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ming-Jiuan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000328:Adult; D055491:Antrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013624:Taiwan; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D003470:Culture Media; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000241:Adenosine