title: Stress in mothers of preterm infants in Bangladesh: associations with family, child and maternal factors and children's neuro-development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this paper was to ascertain stress experienced by mothers of prospectively followed up preterm infants, and associations with family, child and maternal factors and children's neuro-development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a follow-up study of preterm infants<33 weeks gestational age at a Child Development Center in Dhaka Shishu Hospital, mothers were interviewed with the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ) at each visit. Association between SRQ scores and child, family and maternal variables at first and final visit and children's neuro-developmental outcomes was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low income mothers were more compliant (54%) compared with the defaulters (31%) (P=0.0001) among the 159 mothers enrolled. Of the 88 mothers who were followed up until a mean age of 22 months of their child, 29.3% were at high risk for psychiatric morbidity at first visit compared with 23.9% on their last visit. Use of abortifacients (P=0.026) and higher maternal age (P=0.040) were significantly associated with maternal stress at first visit; while at last follow-up, total number of visits had the most significant association (P=0.041). Twenty-five per cent and 19% of mothers were at risk for psychiatric morbidity in children developing normally and those with neuro-developmental impairments respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers at risk for psychiatric morbidity can be helped through follow-up support within public hospitals close to their homes, which is most availed by low income families. Neuro-developmental monitoring of high-risk infants closer to homes may be more feasible in resource poor countries than reliance on hospital visits, which increase stress. Biological markers of stress and coping strategies need further research.
authors.affiliation: Child Development and Neurology Unit, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. akhan@bangla.net
authors.forename: N Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muslima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parvin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: A S M N U
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Darmstadt
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001459:Bangladesh; D002657:Child Development; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological