title: Constraint-induced movement therapy in the adult rat after unilateral corticospinal tract injury.
abstract: Smaller spinal cord injuries often allow some degree of spontaneous behavioral improvements because of structural rearrangements within different descending fiber tracts or intraspinal circuits. In this study, we investigate whether rehabilitative training of the forelimb (forced limb use) influences behavioral recovery and plastic events after injury to a defined spinal tract, the corticospinal tract (CST). Female adult Lewis rats received a unilateral CST injury at the brainstem level. Use of the contralateral impaired forelimb was either restricted, by a cast, or forced, by casting the unimpaired forelimb immediately after injury for either 1 or 3 weeks. Forced use of the impaired forelimb was followed by full behavioral recovery on the irregular horizontal ladder, whereas animals that could not use their affected side remained impaired. BDA (biotinylated dextran amine) labeling of the intact CST showed lesion-induced growth across the midline where CST collaterals increased their innervation density and extended fibers toward the ventral and the dorsal horn in response to forced limb use. Gene chip analysis of the denervated ventral horn revealed changes in particular for growth factors, adhesion and guidance molecules, as well as components of synapse formation suggesting an important role for these factors in activity-dependent intraspinal reorganization after unilateral CST injury.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, and Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. imaier@hifo.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Irin C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thallmair
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Weinmann
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scholl
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001710:Biotin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003714:Denervation; D003911:Dextrans; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; C076397:biotinylated dextran amine; D001710:Biotin
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