title: A case of congenital bilateral absence of elbow flexor muscles: review of differential diagnosis and treatment.
abstract: A 1-year-old boy presented to us with congenital inability to flex his elbow. He had bilaterally absent biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, a rare condition. We performed pedicle latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps to the left and right volar upper arm at 21 and 24 months of age, respectively, to create elbow flexors. By 4 years of age, he had excellent elbow flexion bilaterally with strength grade in excess of 4.5. In addition to discussing our patient's treatment options, we discuss other potential causes of weak elbow flexion when faced with this clinical dilemma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. dnetscher@bcm.tmc.edu
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