title: The treatment of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: improved survival in a developing country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and outcome of children with Hodgkin lymphoma in a developing country over a period of 34 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper retrospectively evaluates the treatment and prognosis of 614 children with Hodgkin lymphoma disease between 1971 and 2005. All patients were treated with chemotherapy, and also received radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 452 males and 162 females with a median age of 8 years (2 to 21); 183 patients had B symptoms. There were 165, 185, 145, and 119 patients in stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Histopathologic subtypes were mixed cellularity (344 patients), nodular sclerosis (90), lymphocytic predominance (62), lymphocytic depletion (46), unclassified types (69), and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (3). Overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 83 and 60%, though OS rates varied according to chemotherapy protocol; age; presence of B symptoms, leukocytosis, anemia, and extranodal involvement; and stage at diagnosis. Over the years, the median age of patients increased, as did the frequency of the nodular sclerosing type of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the largest series in a single center. The increase in the median age and in the frequency of the nodular-sclerosing type are thought to be related to the development status of Turkey. The ABVD protocol yielded the best survival rates and should be used for treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Institute of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Münevver
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Büyükpamukçu
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varan
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akyüz
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atahan
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozyar
authors.forename: Gülsev
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Köksal
authors.forename: Tezer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kutluk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult