title: Singlet oxygen production in photosystem II and related protection mechanism.
abstract: High-light illumination of photosynthetic organisms stimulates the production of singlet oxygen by photosystem II (PSII) and causes photo-oxidative stress. In the PSII reaction centre, singlet oxygen is generated by the interaction of molecular oxygen with the excited triplet state of chlorophyll (Chl). The triplet Chl is formed via charge recombination of the light-induced charge pair. Changes in the midpoint potential of the primary electron donor P(680) of the primary acceptor pheophytin or of the quinone acceptor Q(A), modulate the pathway of charge recombination in PSII and influence the yield of singlet oxygen formation. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the process of photoinhibition is discussed. Singlet oxygen is efficiently quenched by beta-carotene, tocopherol or plastoquinone. If not quenched, it can trigger the up-regulation of genes, which are involved in the molecular defence response of photosynthetic organisms against photo-oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: CEA, Institut de Biologie et Technologies de Saclay, CNRS URA 2096, Service de Bioénergétique Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. anja.krieger-liszkay@cea.fr
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krieger-Liszkay
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fufezan
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trebst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008027:Light; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D010971:Plastoquinone / Q000378:metabolism; D011809:Quinones / Q000378:metabolism*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003067:Coenzymes; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D011809:Quinones; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D010971:Plastoquinone; D024505:Tocopherols
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