title: Localization of general and regulatory proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis cells.
abstract: Protein degradation mediated by ATP-dependent proteases, such as Hsp100/Clp and related AAA+ proteins, plays an important role in cellular protein homeostasis, protein quality control and the regulation of, e.g. heat shock adaptation and other cellular differentiation processes. ClpCP with its adaptor proteins and other related proteases, such as ClpXP or ClpEP of Bacillus subtilis, are involved in general and regulatory proteolysis. To determine if proteolysis occurs at specific locations in B. subtilis cells, we analysed the subcellular distribution of the Clp system together with adaptor and general and regulatory substrate proteins, under different environmental conditions. We can demonstrate that the ATPase and the proteolytic subunit of the Clp proteases, as well as the adaptor or substrate proteins, form visible foci, representing active protease clusters localized to the polar and to the mid-cell region. These clusters could represent a compartmentalized place for protein degradation positioned at the pole close to where most of the cellular protein biosynthesis and also protein quality control are taking place, thereby spatially separating protein synthesis and degradation.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biologie - Mikrobiologie, FU Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirstein
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strahl
authors.forename: Noël
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molière
authors.forename: Leendert W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Hamoen
authors.forename: Kürşad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turgay
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049071:Endopeptidase Clp; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases
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