title: Sample preparation for gas chromatographic determination of halogenated volatile organic compounds in environmental and biological samples.
abstract: In this review, the wide spectrum of the techniques of isolation and/or preconcentration and final determination of halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) in water, air, soil, sediment and biological fluids are presented and discussed. The techniques discussed are solvent microextraction, solid phase extraction, gas extraction (static and dynamic techniques), membrane processes and passive sampling. Also, direct techniques, such as direct aqueous injection into gas chromatography (GC) column and membrane inlet mass spectrometry, are presented. Main attention is paid to the practical application of these techniques during all HVOCs determination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland. nataliajakubowska6@wp.pl
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jakubowska
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zygmunt
authors.forename: Zaneta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Polkowska
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zabiegała
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D054879:Halogenation; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds