title: A surface lipid may control the permeability slump associated with entry into anhydrobiosis in the plant parasitic nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci.
abstract: The anhydrobiotic plant-parasitic nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci undergoes a decrease in permeability (the permeability slump) during the early stages of desiccation and this produces the slow rate of water loss necessary for its survival. There were no changes in annulation spacing, followed in individual nematodes by confocal microscopy, that would account for the permeability slump. Nile Red staining reveals that the surface of the nematode is coated with an extracuticular layer of lipid. This material can be seen in unstained desiccated nematodes where it forms an oil that adheres to the coverslip and to adjacent nematodes. The oily material leaves impressions on the coverslip (cuticle prints) after the nematode has detached upon rehydration. The presence of the surface lipid was confirmed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. This material was shown to be a triglyceride and the proportion of fatty acids determined, using thin layer and gas chromatography. The production of the surface lipid material may be responsible for the permeability slump observed during the early phases of desiccation and its removal upon immersion in water may explain the paradox that cuticular permeability decreases during the permeability slump and yet desiccated nematodes are more permeable than are fully hydrated nematodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. david.wharton@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McQuillan
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003681:Dehydration; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010539:Permeability; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water