title: Immunomodulatory properties of frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from the North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa.
abstract: Frondoside A, a major triterpene glycoside from North Atlantic commercially harvested sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa, possesses strong immunomodulatory properties in subtoxic doses. Frondoside A stimulates lysosomal activity of mouse macrophages in vivo at a maximal effective stimulatory dose of 0.2 microg per mouse and is maintained over 10 days. This glycoside also shows a 30% stimulation of lysosomal activity in mouse macrophages in vitro at concentrations of 0.1-0.38 microg/mL. Frondoside A enhances macrophage phagocytosis of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates reactive oxygen species formation in macrophages in vitro at a maximal effective concentration of 0.001 microg/mL. Frondoside A stimulates an increase in the number of antibody plaque-forming cells (normally B-cells in spleen) in vivo with a maximal stimulatory effect at a concentration of 0.2 microg per mouse (stimulatory index, 1.86). Frondoside A has a weak effect upon immunoglobulin (Ig) M production after immunization with sheep erythrocytes in mice. Frondoside A does not stimulate Ig production in mice and does not significantly enhance the ovalbumin-stimulated IgM and IgG antibody levels in ovalbumin-immunized mice. Hence frondoside A is an immunostimulant of cell-based immunity including phagocytosis without a significant effect on amplification of humoral immune activity or adjuvant properties. Therefore, frondoside A may provide curative and/or preventive treatment options against diseases wherein a depleted immune status contributes to the pathological processes.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Aminin
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Agafonova
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Silchenko
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Avilov
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stonik
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Collin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000187:drug effects; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000737:chemistry*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000906:Antibodies; D006027:Glycosides; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014315:Triterpenes; C534797:frondoside A; D010047:Ovalbumin