title: Effect of obesity on the plasma lipoprotein subclass profile in normoglycemic and normolipidemic men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of obesity without the confounding effect of metabolic complications on the lipoprotein subclass profile in men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 lean (body mass index (BMI): 18.5-25 kg/m(2)) and 40 obese (BMI: 30-45 kg/m(2)) subjects, with blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, fasting plasma glucose concentration <100 mg per 100 ml and total triglyceride concentration <150 mg per 100 ml; all obese subjects had normal oral glucose tolerance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting concentrations of very low-, intermediate-, low- and high-density lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively) and average VLDL, LDL and HDL particle sizes were evaluated by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese compared with lean individuals of both sexes had increased plasma concentrations of VLDL (by approximately 50%), IDL (by approximately 100%), LDL (by approximately 50%), and to some extent HDL (by approximately 10%) particles (P<0.05). The contribution of large VLDL to total VLDL concentration, small LDL to total LDL concentration, and small HDL to total HDL concentration was greater in obese than lean subjects (P<0.05), resulting in larger average VLDL size but smaller average LDL and HDL sizes (P<0.05). Women, compared with men, had reduced concentrations of total VLDL particles (by approximately 10%) due to lower concentrations of large and medium VLDL and a shift toward large at the expense of small HDL particles (P<0.05), with no difference in total HDL particle concentration. IDL and total LDL concentrations and LDL subclass distribution were not different between men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is associated with pro-atherogenic alterations in the lipoprotein subclass profile, which may increase cardiovascular disease risk even in the absence of classical metabolic risk factors. On the other hand, the female cardiovascular disease risk advantage is probably largely related to differences in traditional lipid risk factors (plasma triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol concentrations) because sex differences in the plasma lipoprotein subclass profile are minimal.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magkos
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittendorfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010316:Particle Size; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides
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