title: [Results of stage I and II tongue squamous cell carcinomas treated with different modalities].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the results of stage I and II tongue squamous cell carcinomas treated with different treatment modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical data of 103 patients with stage I and II primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery or radiotherapy alone or combined modality therapy were reviewed retrospectively. The treatment results were compared by Log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier and Chi square test among three groups: surgery alone (S), radiotherapy alone (R) and combined modality therapy (surgery plus preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy, R + S/S + R), and the prognostic factors were also analyzed using Cox regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 5-year survival rate (OS) was 82.4% for stage I and 80.0% for stage II disease (P = 0.361). The 5-year survival rates of S, R and R + S/S + R groups were 90.3%, 68.4%, and 84.0%, respectively (P = 0.104). The local recurrence rates of those three groups were 2.5%, 35.7% and 5.7%, respectively (P < 0.001). Occult lymph node metastasis rate was 23.8%, frequently metastasized to level II lymph nodes. The patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma were found to have the highest regional recurrence rate. Local and regional recurrence was revealed as an independent prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery alone can achieve good treatment result for stage I and II tongue squamous cell carcinomas, and lymph node dissection of level I to IV in the neck is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chang-Ming
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bin
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhen-Gang
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ping-Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005927:Glossectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D015996:Survival Rate; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult