title: Hospital characteristics associated with highly automated and usable clinical information systems in Texas, United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A hospital's clinical information system may require a specific environment in which to flourish. This environment is not yet well defined. We examined whether specific hospital characteristics are associated with highly automated and usable clinical information systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional survey of 125 urban hospitals in Texas, United States using the Clinical Information Technology Assessment Tool (CITAT), which measures a hospital's level of automation based on physician interactions with the information system. Physician responses were used to calculate a series of CITAT scores: automation and usability scores, four automation sub-domain scores, and an overall clinical information technology (CIT) score. A multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the relation between hospital characteristics and CITAT scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We received a sufficient number of physician responses at 69 hospitals (55% response rate). Teaching hospitals, hospitals with higher IT operating expenses (>$1 million annually), IT capital expenses (>$75,000 annually) and hospitals with larger IT staff (> or = 10 full-time staff) had higher automation scores than hospitals that did not meet these criteria (p < 0.05 in all cases). These findings held after adjustment for bed size, total margin, and ownership (p < 0.05 in all cases). There were few significant associations between the hospital characteristics tested in this study and usability scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Academic affiliation and larger IT operating, capital, and staff budgets are associated with more highly automated clinical information systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, USA. ramara@parknet.pmh.org
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amarasingham
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diener-West
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plantinga
authors.forename: Aaron C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Darrell J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gaskin
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006751:Hospital Information Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D013781:Texas
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