title: The impact of allogenic red cell transfusion and coated bypass circuit on the inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study is designed to determine and compare the effects of transfusion and coated circuits on the inflammatory response during cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were randomized into two groups according to the type of extracorporeal circuit used and later prospectively enrolled into two subgroups according to the need for red cell transfusion during CPB (leading to 4 groups--10 patients per group; group 1: with no transfusion and standard oxygenator, group 2: with transfusion and standard oxygenator, group 3: with no transfusion and coated oxygenator, group 4: with transfusion and coated oxygenator). Serum lactate, interleukin 6, human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), D-dimer and CRP levels were measured at three time points (T1: start of CPB, T2: before removal of aortic cross-clamp, T3: 45 min after the completion of proximal anastomoses). Protein adsorption of oxygenator fibers was measured. Outcome parameters were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin 6, TNF-alpha, D-dimer and lactate levels increased at T2 and T3 in all groups (P<0.05 within groups). The increase in interleukin 6 was significant at T2 in group 2 when compared to group 1 (8.0+/-3.9 vs. 4.4+/-1.8, P=0.03). The increase in TNF-alpha was higher at T2 in group 1 when compared to group 3 (16.0+/-4.2 vs. 11.7+/-2.8, P=0.05) and in group 2 when compared to group 3 at T2 and T3 (15.3+/-4.6 vs. 11.7+/-2.8, P=0.06; 17.6+/-5.0 vs. 13.7+/-3.9, P=0.06). Protein adsorption was higher in group 1 and group 2 (group 1 vs. group 3, 2.2+/-0.8 vs. 1.4+/-0.3, P=0.01; group 2 vs. group 3, 2.4+/-0.7 vs. 1.4+/-0.3, P=0.02; group 2 vs. group 4, 2.4+/-0.7 vs. 1.8+/-0.3, P=0.04), it was also higher at group 4 when compared to group 3 (1.8+/-0.3 vs. 1.4+/-0.3, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allogenic red cell transfusion enhances inflammatory response during CPB; coated circuit systems have a limiting effect on this inflammatory reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Acibadem Kadikoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. sahinsenay@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senay
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toraman
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunaydin
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilercik
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alhan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein