title: Personality disorders and the five-factor model among French speakers in Africa and Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the relation between personality disorders (PDs) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM)--a dimensional model describing normal personality traits known for its invariance across cultures--in 2 different cultural settings. Several authors have suggested that PDs may be more accurately described using a dimensional model instead of a categorical one.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects from 9 French-speaking African countries (n = 2014) and from Switzerland (n = 697) completed both the French version of the International Personality Disorder Examination screening questionnaire, assessing the 10 DSM-IV PDs, and the French version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, assessing the 5 domains and 30 facets of the FFM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between PDs and the 5 domains of the FFM were similar in both samples. For example, neuroticism was highly correlated with borderline, avoidant, and dependent PDs in both Africa and Switzerland. The total rank-order correlation (rho) between the 2 correlation matrices was very high (rho = 0.93) and significant (P < 0.001), as were the rhos for all domains of the FFM and all PDs, except paranoid and dependent PDs. However, the rhos for PDs across facet scales were all highly significant (P < 0.001). Moreover, 80% of Widiger and colleagues' predictions and 70% of Lynam and Widiger's prototypes, concerning the relation between PDs and the FFM, were confirmed in both samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relation between PDs and the FFM was stable in 2 samples separated by a great cultural distance. These results suggest that a dimensional approach and in particular the FFM may be useful for describing PDs in various cultural settings.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. jerome.rossier@unil.ch
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossier
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rigozzi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires