title: Age-dependent increase in oxidative stress in gastrocnemius muscle with unloading.
abstract: Oxidative stress increases during unloading in muscle from young adult rats. The present study examined the markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme gene and protein expressions in medial gastrocnemius muscles of aged and young adult (30 and 6 mo of age) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats after 14 days of hindlimb suspension. Medial gastrocnemius muscle weight was decreased by approximately 30% in young adult and aged rats following suspension. When muscle weight was normalized to animal body weight, it was reduced by 12% and 22% in young adult and aged rats, respectively, after suspension. Comparisons between young adult and aged control animals demonstrated a 25% and 51% decline in muscle mass when expressed as absolute muscle weight and muscle weight normalized to the animal body weight, respectively. H(2)O(2) content was elevated by 43% while Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein content was reduced by 28% in suspended muscles compared with control muscles exclusively in the aged animals. Suspended muscles had greater content of malondialdehyde (MDA)/4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HAE) (29% and 58% increase in young adult and aged rats, respectively), nitrotyrosine (76% and 65% increase in young adult and aged rats, respectively), and catalase activity (69% and 43% increase in young adult and aged rats, respectively) relative to control muscles. Changes in oxidative stress markers MDA/4-HAE, H(2)O(2), and MnSOD protein contents in response to hindlimb unloading occurred in an age-dependent manner. These findings are consistent with the hypotheses that oxidative stress has a role in mediating disuse-induced and sarcopenia-associated muscle losses. Our data suggest that aging may predispose skeletal muscle to increased levels of oxidative stress both at rest and during unloading.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ., Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. htpsiu@inet.polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Parco M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Emidio E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Pistilli
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Alway
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension / Q000502:physiology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75
references.pmid: 14907713
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004 Nov;59(11):1099-110
references.pmid: 15602055
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Feb;288(2):R337-44
references.pmid: 15637170
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Feb;288(2):C338-49
references.pmid: 15483226
references.citation: Front Biosci. 2005;10:1881-96
references.pmid: 15769673
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 May;288(5):C1058-73
references.pmid: 15601750
references.citation: J Physiol. 2005 May 15;565(Pt 1):309-23
references.pmid: 15774533
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):R1015-26
references.pmid: 15919734
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Nov;99(5):1897-904
references.pmid: 16002773
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Sep 1;41(5):797-809
references.pmid: 16895800
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Mar 1;42(5):627-35
references.pmid: 17291986
references.citation: Mech Ageing Dev. 2007 Mar;128(3):267-75
references.pmid: 17224177
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Mar;102(3):956-64
references.pmid: 17110517
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Apr;292(4):C1298-304
references.pmid: 17135303
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2007 Jul;42(7):582-93
references.pmid: 17467943
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Jun;102(6):2389-97
references.pmid: 17289908
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 May;63(5):461-6
references.pmid: 18511748
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999 Nov;54(11):B492-501
references.pmid: 10619312
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 24;275(12):8719-25
references.pmid: 10722714
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Aug;89(2):606-12
references.pmid: 10926644
references.citation: Mech Ageing Dev. 2000 Jul 10;116(1):33-45
references.pmid: 10936506
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 2000 Sep;33(3):287-93
references.pmid: 10993482
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Feb;90(2):724-31
references.pmid: 11160074
references.citation: Muscle Nerve. 2001 Feb;24(2):211-22
references.pmid: 11180204
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Mar;280(3):C621-7
references.pmid: 11171582
references.citation: Apoptosis. 2000 Nov;5(5):415-8
references.pmid: 11256882
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 2001 Apr;34(4):325-36
references.pmid: 11328670
references.citation: Microsc Res Tech. 2001 Nov 15;55(4):236-48
references.pmid: 11748862
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2002 Jan;82(1):47-95
references.pmid: 11773609
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2002 Apr;37(4):477-89
references.pmid: 11830351
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Apr;92(4):1367-77
references.pmid: 11895999
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Apr;959:108-16
references.pmid: 11976190
references.citation: Biol Chem. 2002 Mar-Apr;383(3-4):715-21
references.pmid: 12033461
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2002 Jul;192(1):1-15
references.pmid: 12115731
references.citation: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Sep;5(5):561-8
references.pmid: 12172481
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Dec;93(6):1959-65
references.pmid: 12391085
references.citation: Adv Space Res. 2002;30(4):777-81
references.pmid: 12530363
references.citation: Clin Biochem. 2003 Feb;36(1):51-5
references.pmid: 12554060
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2002 Dec;37(12):1423-30
references.pmid: 12559411
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Jul 1;35(1):9-16
references.pmid: 12826251
references.citation: J Physiol. 2003 Aug 15;551(Pt 1):33-48
references.pmid: 12844509
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Dec 15;420(2):217-21
references.pmid: 14654060
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2004 Jan;39(1):17-24
references.pmid: 14724060
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 May;24(5):816-23
references.pmid: 14976002
references.citation: Curr Med Chem. 2004 May;11(9):1163-82
references.pmid: 15134513
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2004;10(14):1611-26
references.pmid: 15134560
references.citation: FASEB J. 2004 Jul;18(10):1150-2
references.pmid: 15132982
references.citation: Exp Gerontol. 2004 Sep;39(9):1391-400
references.pmid: 15489062
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1985 Oct;150(1):76-85
references.pmid: 3843705
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1990 Apr;258(4 Pt 2):R918-23
references.pmid: 2331035
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;11(1):81-128
references.pmid: 1937131
references.citation: Acta Physiol Scand. 1991 Aug;142(4):527-8
references.pmid: 1950601
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1992 May;262(5 Pt 1):E583-90
references.pmid: 1590370
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 1993 Jan;422(4):404-6
references.pmid: 8437891
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1993 Dec;265(6 Pt 1):E839-44
references.pmid: 8279538
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1994 Aug 1;349(2):169-72
references.pmid: 8050561
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1994 Aug;267(2 Pt 2):R439-45
references.pmid: 8067452
references.citation: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1996 Mar;51(2):B117-23
references.pmid: 8612095
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1997 Mar 28;202(2):133-41
references.pmid: 9107302
references.citation: Int J Sports Med. 1997 Apr;18(3):157-60
references.pmid: 9187967
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1997 Nov 15;253(2):162-8
references.pmid: 9367498
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 1998 Feb;19 Suppl B:B2-11
references.pmid: 9519346
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 20;854:102-17
references.pmid: 9928424
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jul;87(1):465-70
references.pmid: 10409609
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Sep;27(5-6):617-22
references.pmid: 10490283