title: Levodopa-related motor complications--phenomenology.
abstract: Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) results in a range of problems. These include fluctuations in FD symptoms termed motor fluctuations, as well as non-motor symptoms, termed non-motor fluctuations. Here we review the phenomenology and methods of assessing these levodopa-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Movement Disorders Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sfox@uhnresearch.ca
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000209:etiology; D005221:Fatigue; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa