title: Contrast-enhanced gray-scale transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in men with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced gray-scale transrectal ultrasound (CETRUS)-guided prostate biopsy in patients with elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 115 men (mean age, 70 years; range, 47-85) with serum PSA levels of greater than 4.0 ng/ml were assessed using gray-scale transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), power Doppler ultrasound (PDU), and CETRUS. Subsequently, these patients underwent systematic sextant transrectal biopsy and additional biopsies for positive sites on gray-scale TRUS, PDU, and CETRUS. The cancer detection rates of the three techniques were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer was detected in 63 of the 115 patients (55%). CETRUS was positive in 50 patients, 35 of whom (70%) had prostate cancer; CETRUS had a higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 65% (41/63), 83% (43/52), and 73% (84/115), respectively. CETRUS could have saved a significant number of patients from undergoing unnecessary biopsies, compared to TRUS and PDU. However, no significant correlation was found between the Gleason score and CETRUS grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of CETRUS in detecting prostate cancer might reduce the number of unnecessary needle biopsies of the prostate in patients with abnormally high serum PSA levels and increase the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Junlai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yanmi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Huaiyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen