Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation.
Evidence from epidemiological studies indicates an inverse correlation between the incidence of certain immune-mediated diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and exposure to helminths. Helminth parasites are the classic inducers of Th2 responses. The Th2-polarized T cell response driven by helminth infection has been linked to the attenuation of some damaging Th1 driven inflammatory responses, preventing some Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases in the host, including experimentally induced colitis. Helminth parasites (the porcine whipworm, Trichuris suis) have been tested for treating IBD patients, resulting in clinical amelioration of the disease. As a result, there is a great deal of interest in the research community in exploring the therapeutic use of helminth parasites for the control of immune-mediated diseases, including IBD. However, recent studies have provided evidence indicating the exacerbating effects of helminths on bacterial as well as non-infectious colitis in animal models. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms by which helminths modulate host immune responses in the gut may reveal novel, more effective and safer approaches to helminth-based therapy of IBD.
Wang
Li Jian
LJ
Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 114 16th Street, Room 3504, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States.
Cao
Yue
Y
Shi
Hai Ning
HN
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
AIDS. 2005 Nov 4;19(16):1849-55
16227793
Ann Med. 2007;39(6):428-39
17852030
Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Jan;3(1):23-35
12511873
Infect Immun. 2001 Nov;69(11):6651-9
11598034
Malar J. 2006 Nov 03;5:99
17083720
Nat Immunol. 2004 Jul;5(7):752-60
15184896
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003 Jan;68(1):70-80
12556152
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Mar;284(3):G385-91
12431903
Gastroenterology. 1994 Apr;106(4):1006-15
7511551
Parasite Immunol. 2006 Nov;28(11):597-603
17042931
Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):490-4
11964470
Immunol Today. 1999 Dec;20(12):561-7
10562707
Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 May;5(5):420-6
15864275
Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Aug;15(4):421-9
12900274
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Feb 1;90(3):948-52
8094248
J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Dec;82(6):1365-74
17711977
Int Immunol. 2000 May;12(5):623-30
10784608
Infect Immun. 2001 Jul;69(7):4417-23
11401981
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006 May;130(5):718-20
16683891
Gastroenterology. 2005 Apr;128(4):825-32
15825065
Immunity. 2002 Aug;17(2):211-20
12196292
J Immunol. 2005 Nov 1;175(9):6107-16
16237107
J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Dec;38(12):4343-50
11101562
Nat Med. 2000 May;6(5):536-42
10802709
J Exp Med. 2005 Nov 7;202(9):1199-212
16275759
Trends Parasitol. 2005 Aug;21(8):359-62
15967721
Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Sep;3(9):733-44
12949497
Nat Med. 2006 Aug;12(8):955-60
16892038
Gut. 2004 Jan;53(1):99-107
14684583
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Oct;34(10):2690-8
15368285
AIDS. 2006 Feb 28;20(4):593-600
16470124
J Immunol. 2005 Jan 1;174(1):284-93
15611251
Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):427-34
17653185
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Aug;1072:356-64
17057216
J Exp Med. 2006 Jun 12;203(6):1435-46
16702603
Nature. 2003 Jul 17;424(6946):324-8
12819664
Nature. 1996 Oct 31;383(6603):787-93
8893001
Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:35-59
12055337
Eur J Immunol. 2003 May;33(5):1439-49
12731071
Immunity. 2001 Dec;15(6):985-95
11754819
Parasite Immunol. 2006 Nov;28(11):605-12
17042932
N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 6;357(10):1018-27
17804846
Gut. 2006 Jan;55(1):136-7
16344586
Immunity. 1999 Feb;10(2):137-42
10072066
Immunol Rev. 2004 Oct;201:156-67
15361239
Infect Immun. 2007 Sep;75(9):4655-63
17606601
Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Nov;5(11):1184-91
15573869
J Immunol. 2017 Feb 1;198(3):981-985
28115586
Infect Immun. 2002 Apr;70(4):2070-81
11895973
Int Immunol. 1996 Jan;8(1):143-51
8671598
Vaccine. 2006 Jul 26;24(31-32):5787-99
16759763
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1994 Oct;88(5):501-9
7979640
Infect Immun. 2003 Sep;71(9):5077-86
12933850
Curr Opin Immunol. 2002 Jun;14(3):380-3
11973138
Infect Immun. 2008 Mar;76(3):1305-13
18195022
Nat Immunol. 2001 Dec;2(12):1144-50
11713464
J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 7;280(1):277-83
15519998
Nat Immunol. 2002 Feb;3(2):135-42
11812990
FASEB J. 2000 Sep;14(12):1848-55
10973934
J Immunol. 2002 Feb 15;168(4):1704-9
11823500
Parasite Immunol. 2008 Sep;30(9):491-5
18627506
Nat Immunol. 2005 Apr;6(4):353-60
15785761
J Immunol. 2006 Jan 1;176(1):472-83
16365440
Gastroenterology. 2007 Apr;132(4):1320-30
17408663
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Oct;15(4):595-612
12364371
J Immunol. 2007 Oct 1;179(7):4721-31
17878371
Immunol Rev. 2004 Oct;201:139-55
15361238
N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):417-29
12167685
Eur J Immunol. 2000 Apr;30(4):1127-35
10760802
Immunology. 2006 Apr;117(4):433-42
16556256
Lancet. 2004 Sep 11-17;364(9438):981-3
15364190
Parasite Immunol. 2006 Oct;28(10):535-43
16965289
J Immunol. 2004 Dec 15;173(12):7454-61
15585871
Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Mar;3(3):253-7
12658273
Infect Immun. 1999 Oct;67(10):5372-8
10496919
J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15;171(10):4984-9
14607893
J Immunol. 2006 Jan 15;176(2):726-9
16393954
J Med Virol. 1995 Apr;45(4):423-8
7545213
Eur J Immunol. 2006 Mar;36(3):631-47
16479545
J Immunol. 1993 Apr 15;150(8 Pt 1):3434-41
8468481
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Nov;34(11):3047-59
15468056
Infect Immun. 2005 Sep;73(9):5468-81
16113263
Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2006 Jun;27(4):391-408
16738952
J Exp Med. 2000 Jul 17;192(2):303-10
10899917
Can J Gastroenterol. 2002 Nov;16(11):771-8
12464970
J Immunol. 2003 Dec 1;171(11):5837-41
14634093
J Clin Invest. 2008 Apr;118(4):1311-21
18382743
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008 Feb;19(1):41-52
18258476
Microbes Infect. 2002 Nov;4(13):1291-300
12443893
Infect Immun. 2002 Nov;70(11):5931-7
12379667