title: Resveratrol inhibits nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high. NAFLD is linked to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertriglyceridemia. Approximately 20% of patients with NAFLD will eventually develop cirrhosis. Our purpose was to investigate whether resveratrol decreased hepatic steatosis in an animal model of steatosis, and whether this therapeutic approach resulted in a decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar CRL: Wi (Han) (225 g) rats were randomized into three groups. A control group (n = 12) was given free access to regular dry rat chow for 4 weeks. The steatosis (n = 12) and resveratrol (n = 12) groups were given free access to feed (a high carbohydrate-fat free modified diet) and water 4 days per week, and fasted for the remaining 3 days for 4 weeks. Rats in the resveratrol group were given resveratrol 10 mg daily by the oral route. All rats were killed at 4 weeks and assessed for fatty infiltration and bacterial translocation. Levels of TNF-alpha in serum, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and nitric oxide synthase) and biochemical parameters were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fat deposition was decreased in the resveratrol group as compared to the steatosis group (Grade 1 vs Grade 3, P < 0.05). TNF-alpha and MDA levels were significantly increased in the steatosis group (TNF-alpha; 33.4 +/- 5.2 vs 26.24 +/- 3.47 pg/ml and MDA; 9.08 +/- 0.8 vs 3.17 +/- 1.45 muM respectively, P < 0.05). This was accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase and decreased nitric oxide synthase in the liver of resveratrol group significantly (P < 0.05 vs steatosis group). Bacterial translocation was not found in any of the groups. Glucose levels were decreased in the group of rats given resveratrol (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resveratrol decreased NAFLD severity in rats. This effect was mediated, at least in part, by TNF-alpha inhibition and antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University of Country Basque, Donostia Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, San Sebastián, Spain. medik@telefonica.net
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bujanda
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hijona
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larzabal
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beraza
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aldazabal
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: García-Urkia
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarasqueta
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cosme
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Irastorza
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Juan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Arenas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013267:Stilbenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005947:Glucose; D000077185:Resveratrol
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