title: Postrenal transplantation urologic complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to explore the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management options, and outcomes of post renal transplant urologic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1993 and December 2005, we performed 646 renal transplantation procedures in 373 males and 273 females, of whom 81 were children. Kidney grafts were obtained from 461 living and 185 cadaveric donors. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed for urologic complications. Affected patients presented clinically with impaired kidney function: the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound scanning, isotope renal scanning, magnetic resonance urography, and/or antegrade urography. Ureteric stricture was managed by percutaneous antegrade ureteric dilatation and stenting, or by surgical reconstruction. Urine leak was treated by prolonged bladder drainage or surgical reconstruction. Renal stones were treated with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urologic complications were detected in 31 recipients (4.8%), including 21 males and 10 females, among whom 4 were children. They had received kidney grafts from 19 living and 12 cadaveric donors. Urologic complications were ureteric strictures in 15 (2.58%), urine leaks in 15 (2.58%), and ureteric stone in 1 (0.17%) recipients. There was no graft loss to urologic complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of post-kidney transplant urologic complications was 4.8%. They were more common among male recipients and after cadaveric kidney transplantation. Although ureteric stricture presented late posttransplantation and was more common among children (4.23%), urine leak presented early and was more common in the elderly (4.69%). All urologic complications were successfully managed, with no graft loss.
authors.affiliation: Hammed Al-Essa Organ Transplantation Centre, Kuwait. dr_salwa_buresley@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buresley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samhan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moniri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Codaj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mousawi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*