title: Clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in familial Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Depression is one of the most common nonmotor complications of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has a major impact on quality of life. Although several clinical factors have been associated with depression in PD, the relationship between depression and stage of illness as well as between depression and degree of disability remains controversial. We have collected clinical data on 1,378 PD cases from 632 families, using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Parts II (activities of daily living) & III (motor), the Mini-Mental State Exam, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Blessed Functional Activity Scale (Blessed). Analyses were performed using the 840 individuals with verified PD and without evidence of cognitive decline. Logistic regression was used to identify study variables that individually and collectively best predicted the presence of depressive symptoms (GDS >or= 10). After correcting for multiple tests, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and other clinical measures but not with any genetic variant (parkin, LRRK2, APOE). The Blessed score, education, presence of a first degree relative with signs of depression, and UPDRS Part II were found to best predict depressive symptomatology (R(2) = 0.33; P = 4 x 10(-48)). Contrary to several reports, the results from this large study indicate that stage of illness, motor impairment, and functional disability are strongly correlated with depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. npankrat@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Halter
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Cliff W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Shults
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C104647:PRKRA protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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