title: Estimating the impact of vaccination on acute simian-human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus infections.
abstract: The dynamics of HIV infection have been studied in humans and in a variety of animal models. The standard model of infection has been used to estimate the basic reproductive ratio of the virus, calculated from the growth rate of virus in acute infection. This method has not been useful in studying the effects of vaccination, since, for the vaccines developed so far, early growth rates of virus do not differ between control and vaccinated animals. Here, we use the standard model of viral dynamics to derive the reproductive ratio from the peak viral load and nadir of target cell numbers in acute infection. We apply this method to data from studies of vaccination in SHIV and SIV infection and demonstrate that vaccination can reduce the reproductive ratio by 2.3- and 2-fold, respectively. This method allows the comparison of vaccination efficacies among different viral strains and animal models in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Complex Systems in Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales 2052, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Janka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petravic
authors.forename: Ruy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Danilo R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Casimiro
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mattapallil
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roederer
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shiver
authors.forename: Miles P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D006678:HIV / Q000276:immunology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000502:physiology; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines
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