title: Decreasing disparity in liver transplantation among white and Asian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma : California, 1998-2005.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A preliminary study using national cancer surveillance data from 1998 through 2002 suggested that there were significant differences between non-Hispanic whites ('whites') and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) in the use of liver transplantation as a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The objective of the current study was to examine whether differences in liver transplantation between whites and APIs with HCC were changing over time. By using a population-based, statewide cancer registry, data were obtained on all HCC cases diagnosed in California between 1998 and 2005, and the study was limited to white and API patients with nonmetastatic HCC who had tumors that measured < or = 5 cm in greatest dimension (n = 1728 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1998 through 2003 (n = 1051 patients), the odds of undergoing liver transplantation were 2.56 times greater for white patients than for API patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-3.80 times higher), even after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, year of diagnosis, TNM stage, and tumor grade. In contrast, during 2004 and 2005 (n = 677 patients), there were no significant differences in the odds of undergoing liver transplantation. Between 2002 and 2004, changes in liver transplantation policy assigned priority points to patients with HCC (initially to stage I and II, then to stage II only). After the policy changes, API patients with HCC experienced a significant increase in stage II diagnoses, whereas white patients did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In California, there was a large and significant disparity in the rate of liver transplantation among white and API patients with HCC from 1998 through 2003 but not during 2004 and 2005. Changes in liver transplantation policy from 2002 through 2004 may have played a role in decreasing this difference.
authors.affiliation: California Cancer Registry, Public Health Institute, Sacramento, California, USA. anthony.robbins@cancer.org
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Daily
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Moon S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Troppmann
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D001213:Asian; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D044465:White People
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