title: Nicotine combined with okadaic acid or taxol adversely affects bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of nicotine in combination with okadaic acid (OA) or taxol on bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine ovaries, oocytes, and embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo development in the presence of nicotine in combination with okadaic acid and taxol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Haploid composition, cleavage rate, IVF and parthenogenetic embryo development, blastocyst cell number.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that nicotine and OA or nicotine and taxol significantly decreased oocyte maturation rates. Combinations of nicotine (10 or 50 micromol/L) and OA (0.01 or 0.05 micromol/L) did not affect oocyte haploid composition; however, taxol alone or combined with nicotine caused a decrease in haploid composition compared with control. Parthenogenetic activation of oocytes that were matured in nicotine, OA, or taxol resulted in blastocyst development rates of 12%-17%, which were not different from the control. Various combinations of nicotine and OA or nicotine and taxol significantly lowered (3%-8%) blastocyst development compared with control. The average cell number of blastocysts derived from nicotine + OA- and nicotine + taxol-treated oocytes was lower than all other treatment groups and control. For oocytes fertilized in vitro, oocytes matured in OA, taxol, or combinations of nicotine and OA or taxol-containing media resulted in significantly lower cleavage rates and blastocyst development compared with the control group and the 10 micromol/L nicotine treatment group. The IVF embryos cultured in nicotine + OA-containing medium had a significantly lower blastocyst development rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combinations of nicotine with OA or taxol adversely affect oocyte maturation and subsequently result in poor blastocyst development.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China. guangpengli@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guang-Peng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sessions
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Bunch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D019319:Okadaic Acid; D009538:Nicotine; D017239:Paclitaxel