title: Adhesive luting of all-ceramic restorations--the impact of cementation variables and short-term water storage on the strength of a feldspathic dental ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of resin cement luting variables and short-term water storage on the strength of an adhesively luted all-ceramic restorative material. An understanding of the strengthening mechanisms will result in optimisation of operative techniques and materials selection criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The "fit" surfaces of 480 disk-shaped feldspathic porcelain specimens were alumina air abraded to introduce a clinically relevant surface texture and consistent surface defect population. Thirty specimens randomly allocated to each of 16 groups were coated with silane, unfilled resin or filled resin cement, or a combination. Eight groups were stored either dry or wet for 24 h prior to bi-axial flexure testing (ball-on-ring). Statistical analysis of the flexure strength data involved a three-factor general linear model (p < 0.05) prior to a Weibull analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resin coating the porcelain surface resulted in a significant increase in the characteristic stress (sigma(o)), and strengthening was dependent on coating type (p < 0.001). Silane priming resulted in additional strengthening when preceding filled resin cement coating. Water immersion for 24 h resulted in a strength degradation of both the uncoated control and coated specimens, whereby the magnitude of strength degradation was dependent on coating type (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resin luting of dental ceramics results in significant strengthening likely to impact on clinical performance. The strengthening is dependent on the creation of a resin-ceramic hybrid layer sensitive to cementation variables and clinical placement technique. Short-term water immersion results in a significant degradation of strengthening sensitive to the characteristics of the resin-ceramic hybrid layer.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Unit, University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK. addisono@adf.bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.forename: Garry J P
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing; D018583:Pliability; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D014867:Water; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar