title: Detection of antibody in transparent fluid of semen and in serum after inoculation of Newcastle disease vaccines by different routes.
abstract: Cocks were immunized with live and inactivated Newcastle disease virus (ND) vaccines by different routes. Haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody activity could be detected in transparent fluid of semen (TF) of these birds except after intracloacal application of an inactivated ND vaccine. Although a comparative study of the HI antibody course in both serum and TF showed similarities after primary and secondary vaccinations, morphological studies of the TF-producing organ suggest the development of local immunity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Berlin 33, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gassmann
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: von Rautenfeld