title: Superoxide dismutase activity in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei and Nodipecten subnodosus exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima.
abstract: The toxic effect of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima on juvenile American whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and giant lion-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus was evaluated. Organisms were exposed to three densities (500, 2000, or 5000 cells mL(-1)), superoxide dismutase activity and soluble protein in the hepatopancreas and muscle were determined at 1, 6, 24 and 48 h after challenge. Shrimp exposed at 5000 cells mL(-1) significantly increased SOD activity in the hepatopancreas at 1 h post-challenge, whereas enzymatic activity in muscle significantly increased at 24 h at all densities. Scallops exposed to 500 and 2000 cells mL(-1) showed significant SOD activity increase in hepatopancreas at 24 and 12 h, respectively. Mortality at 48 h was 100% in scallops exposed to 5000 cells mL(-1). Shrimp showed higher levels of SOD activity than scallops. Soluble protein content in the shrimp hepatopancreas was significantly higher at densities of 500 and 2000 cells mL(-1) at 6 and 1 h, respectively. Soluble protein content in the scallop hepatopancreas was higher than control values at 1 h after challenge. In this study, 500 cells mL(-1) was enough to trigger SOD activity in two benthic species exposed to the toxic dinoflagellate P. lima.
authors.affiliation: Marine Pathology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz BCS 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Angel I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Campa-Córdova
authors.forename: Erick J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Núñez-Vázquez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luna-González
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Romero-Geraldo
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ascencio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000469:parasitology; D001681:Biological Assay; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology; D049897:Pectinidae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000469:parasitology; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase