title: Recovery of urinary continence after radical prostatectomy: association with urethral length and urethral fibrosis measured by preoperative and postoperative endorectal magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited data on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and urinary continence after radical prostatectomy (RP) are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether recovery of urinary continence after RP is associated with endorectal MRI findings regarding preoperative and postoperative membranous urethral length (MUL), percent change in MUL, and postoperative urethral and periurethral fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four patients who received an MRI scan before and after RP for localized prostate cancer were evaluated in a retrospective study at a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients underwent RP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The postoperative scan was performed to detect local recurrence in patients with rising levels of prostate-specific antigen. Urinary continence was graded on a five-point scale. MUL was measured on T2-weighted images. Urethral and periurethral fibrosis was graded from 0 to III based on axial T2-weighted images. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess variables associated with continence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-eight patients regained continence following surgery. The median follow-up for patient who were incontinent at their last assessment was 7 mo. The median interval from RP to postoperative endorectal MRI was 10 mo. A longer preoperative or postoperative MUL was associated with superior continence (both p<0.01). The MUL loss ratio was significantly associated with postoperative continence (p=0.02). Patients with a high grade of postoperative periurethral fibrosis tended to have worse postoperative continence; nevertheless a statistical correlation was not reached (hazard ratio: 0.64, p=0.16). This is a retrospective study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative and postoperative MUL and the MUL loss ratio are related to the recovery time and level of urinary continence after RP. Therefore, preservation of urethral length during surgery is recommended. Periurethral fibrosis might impede the recovery of continence after RP by altering the elasticity of the external sphincter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paparel
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Jaspreet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sandhu
authors.forename: Javier Romero
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Angel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Serio
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scardino
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guillonneau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012007:Rectum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*