title: Human papillomavirus type 16 entry: retrograde cell surface transport along actin-rich protrusions.
abstract: The lateral mobility of individual, incoming human papillomavirus type 16 pseudoviruses (PsV) bound to live HeLa cells was studied by single particle tracking using fluorescence video microscopy. The trajectories were computationally analyzed in terms of diffusion rate and mode of motion as described by the moment scaling spectrum. Four distinct modes of mobility were seen: confined movement in small zones (30-60 nm in diameter), confined movement with a slow drift, fast random motion with transient confinement, and linear, directed movement for long distances. The directed movement was most prominent on actin-rich cell protrusions such as filopodia or retraction fibres, where the rate was similar to that measured for actin retrograde flow. It was, moreover, sensitive to perturbants of actin retrograde flow such as cytochalasin D, jasplakinolide, and blebbistatin. We found that transport along actin protrusions significantly enhanced HPV-16 infection in sparse tissue culture, cells suggesting a role for in vivo infection of basal keratinocytes during wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schelhaas
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.forename: Minna-Liisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rajamäki
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helenius
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins; D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000821:virology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009068:Movement; D053586:Virus Internalization
chemical_list: D000199:Actins
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