title: Nitric oxide as a signaling factor to upregulate the death-specific protein in a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, during blockage of electron flow in photosynthesis.
abstract: To determine the physiological functions of a novel death-specific protein gene, Skeletonema costatum DSP-1 (ScDSP-1) in a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, the mRNA abundance of ScDSP-1 was measured in cultures subjected to light manipulation and treatments with various chemicals. When cells were transferred to a dim light intensity of 15 micromol m(-2) s(-1), ScDSP-1 mRNA levels showed a transient increase of 1 to 17.2 micromol (mol 18S rRNA)(-1) in 60 h. Furthermore, treatments with the photoinhibitors 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB) resulted in high ScDSP-1 mRNA levels, which reached 943 and 72 micromol (mol 18S rRNA)(-1), respectively. Treatment with the nitric oxide (NO) donor diethylamine nitric oxide also induced ScDSP-1 expression, and this inducible expression was inhibited by the NO scavenger hemoglobin. Additionally, the expression of ScDSP-1 mRNA elicited by DCMU and DBMIB was efficiently reduced when cultures were pretreated with the cell-penetrating NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. In contrast, treatment with another photoinhibitor, paraquat, had no effect on ScDSP-1 expression. Our results indicated that NO is the crucial secondary messenger which signals the expression of ScDSP-1 when electron flow between photosystem II and photosystem I is blocked in S. costatum cells. In addition, the discovery of a similar gene, ScDSP-2, is briefly described.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chih-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sheng-Ping L
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D017377:Diatoms / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010788:Photosynthesis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide
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