title: Acute cold exposure and rewarming enhanced spatial memory and activated the MAPK cascades in the rat brain.
abstract: Cold is a common stressor that is likely to occur in everyday occupational or leisure time activities. Although there is substantial literature on the effects of stress on memory from behavioral and pharmacologic perspectives, the effects of cold stress on learning and memory were little addressed. The aims of the present work were to investigate the effects of acute cold exposure on Y-maze learning and the activation of cerebral MAPK cascades of rats. We found that the 2-hour cold exposure (-15 degrees C) and a subsequent 30-min rewarming significantly increased the performance of the rats in the Y-maze test. Serum corticosterone (CORT) level was increased after the cold exposure. After a transient reduction following the cold exposure, the P-ERK levels in the hippocampus and PFC drastically increased 30 min later. The levels of P-JNK increased gradually after the cold exposure in all the three brain regions we investigated, but the level of P-p38 only increased in the PFC. The levels of GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit remained unchanged after the cold exposure. Furthermore, the performance of rats treated with cold plus muscimol or bicuculline in the Y-maze test was similar to that of the rats treated with those GABAergic agents alone. These results demonstrated that acute cold exposure and the subsequent rewarming could result in enhanced performance of spatial learning and memory, and the activation of MAPKs in the brain. However, GABAA receptor may not be involved in the acute cold exposure-induced enhancement of memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changlexi Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yaoming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tongjian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Mingchao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003345:Corticosterone