title: Role of the N- and C-lobes of calmodulin in the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
abstract: Understanding the principles of calmodulin (CaM) activation of target enzymes will help delineate how this seemingly simple molecule can play such a complex role in transducing Ca (2+)-signals to a variety of downstream pathways. In the work reported here, we use biochemical and biophysical tools and a panel of CaM constructs to examine the lobe specific interactions between CaM and CaMKII necessary for the activation and autophosphorylation of the enzyme. Interestingly, the N-terminal lobe of CaM by itself was able to partially activate and allow autophosphorylation of CaMKII while the C-terminal lobe was inactive. When used together, CaMN and CaMC produced maximal CaMKII activation and autophosphorylation. Moreover, CaMNN and CaMCC (chimeras of the two N- or C-terminal lobes) both activated the kinase but with greater K act than for wtCaM. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showed the same rank order of affinities of wtCaM > CaMNN > CaMCC as those determined in the activity assay and that the CaM to CaMKII subunit binding ratio was 1:1. Together, our results lead to a proposed sequential mechanism to describe the activation pathway of CaMKII led by binding of the N-lobe followed by the C-lobe. This mechanism contrasts the typical sequential binding mode of CaM with other CaM-dependent enzymes, where the C-lobe of CaM binds first. The consequence of such lobe specific binding mechanisms is discussed in relation to the differential rates of Ca (2+)-binding to each lobe of CaM during intracellular Ca (2+) oscillations.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, the University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Swulius
authors.forename: Joyce K Y
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaertner
authors.forename: M Neal
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Waxham
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002151:Calorimetry; D005470:Fluorometry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D009711:Nucleotides; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D002118:Calcium
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