title: Stimulus properties of venlafaxine in a conditioned taste aversion procedure.
abstract: Conditioned stimulus properties of venlafaxine are still unknown. In the present study, the discriminative stimulus properties of venlafaxine by using a conditioned taste aversion procedure were investigated. Swiss Webster mice were allowed to reach water from 2 pipettes for 20 min (09:00-11:30 h), plus 30 min (15:30-16:00 h), daily. During the 4 days, the test drugs [fluoxetine, escitalopram, tianeptine, reboxetine, and Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] were injected to mice at least 1 h after they had first water session. On day 5, they consumed glucose solution (5% w/v) and immediately injected with conditioning drug (venlafaxine 32 mg/kg). On day 8, mice were allowed to make a choice between water and glucose solution. The amount of glucose consumption as a percentage of total fluid intakes was calculated for each animal. Significant reduction in glucose choice was defined as conditioned taste aversion. Venlafaxine (32 mg/kg) induced a robust conditioned taste aversion in mice. Pre-exposure to tianeptine (2.5-10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), escitalopram (32 mg/kg), and reboxetine (5 mg/kg) substituted for venlafaxine by preventing the conditioned taste aversion induced by venlafaxine. L-NAME did not substitute for venlafaxine. Substitution of venlafaxine by fluoxetine, tianeptine, escitalopram, and reboxetine provides further evidence that both 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition may play an important role in the stimulus effect of venlafaxine.
authors.affiliation: Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayir
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alici
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Göktalay
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Gökhan K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceyhan
authors.forename: Turgay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Tayfun I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Uzbay
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013649:Taste; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride