title: Effect of intravenous pentoxifylline on oxidative stress in patients undergoing nephrolithotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pentoxifylline attenuate the oxidative stress signaling in patients undergoing nephrolithotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty two patients who considered for selective nephrolithotomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups of 16 each; a single dose of IV PTX 500 mg bolus followed by IV infusion of PTX 700 mg for two hours or normal saline as placebo. Blood samples were obtained on the day before and the day after surgery and of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and catecholamines. Cortisol concentrations were also measured in 24-h urine samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 h after surgery, CRP, epinephrine, norepinephrine, CPK, urine cortisol and TAS were significantly increased (P<0.001) in both groups. The serum epinephrine at 6 and 24 hour (P<0.001), norepinephrine at 24 hour (P=0.004) and CPK at 24 hour (P<0.001) was significantly lower in PTX group compared with placebo-receivers. At 24 hour, TAS was significantly lower in PTX group in comparing with control group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in surgery time, length of hospital stay and fever after operation during in-hospital follow-up. However, 5 (31.2%) of treatment patients developed nausea and vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single dose of intravenous pentoxifylline which is administered pre-incisionally could be applied to reduce surgical stress changes (i.e., catecholamines and CPK) in patients undergoing nephrolithotomy; and, it cause no serious side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Clinical Pharmacy, Sina Hospital, Medical Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Izadpanah
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kazem Aghamir
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atharikia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reza Nikoobahkt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abbasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010431:Pentoxifylline