title: Combined effects of p53 gene therapy and leptomycin B in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  p53 gene therapy has been examined in several clinical trials, however, the results of those trials have mostly been unsatisfactory due to the low efficacy of this therapy. Leptomycin B (LMB) is an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces that has the ability to inhibit the export of proteins containing a nuclear export signal from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Currently, it has been shown that p53 protein has a nuclear export signal. In this study, we assessed whether LMB augments the transduced p53 gene effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antiproliferative effect of LMB was assessed in human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines. Accumulation of p53 protein into the nucleus by LMB was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The combined effect of p53 and LMB was evaluated in in vitro experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LMB induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and p53 drastically accumulated in the nucleus after LMB treatment. The combinatory treatment of p53 gene and LMB significantly increases the efficiency compared to either agent alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that LMB has a potent ability to augment the effect of the tumor suppressor p53 in esophageal squamous cancer cell lines and that it is a promising component in p53 gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Hisahiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akutsu
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Haruhito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yukimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016158:Genes, p53; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; C038753:leptomycin B