Effect of exercise on cardiac tissue oxidative and inflammatory mediators in chronic kidney disease.
BACKGROUND
Chronic renal failure (CRF) results in diminished physical activity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD risk factors are raised by sedentary life style and ameliorated by physical fitness in the general population. Accordingly, exercise improves hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in high-risk populations. This study was designed to explore the effect of exercise on oxidative and inflammatory mediators in the left ventricle (LV) of CRF rats.


RESULTS
One week after 5/6 nephrectomy female rats were housed in either regular cages or cages equipped with running wheels for 4 weeks. Sham-operated rats housed in regular cages served as controls. Sedentary CRF rats exhibited azotemia, hypertension, anemia, oxidative stress, activation of NF-kappaB and upregulations of reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme, NAD(P)H oxidase, MCP-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PAI-1 in LV. The CRF rats assigned to the exercise group ran 6.8 +/- 0.7 km/day and 72 +/- 8 min/day. Voluntary exercise reversed NF-kappaB activation and lowered NAD(P)H oxidase, PAI-1, MCP-1 and COX-2 abundance, increased LV mass by raising myofibrillar proteins and ameliorated anemia without affecting renal function or arterial pressure.


CONCLUSIONS
CRF resulted in upregulation of prooxidant/proinflammatory pathways in LV. These changes were ameliorated by exercise, which indicates the potential cardiovascular benefit of exercise in renal insufficiency.
Bai
Y
Y
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA.
Sigala
W
W
Adams
G R
GR
Vaziri
N D
ND
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
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