title: SUMOylation regulates nuclear localization of Krüppel-like factor 5.
abstract: SUMOylation is a form of post-translational modification shown to control nuclear transport. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is an important mediator of cell proliferation and is primarily localized to the nucleus. Here we show that mouse KLF5 is SUMOylated at lysine residues 151 and 202. Mutation of these two lysines or two conserved nearby glutamates results in the loss of SUMOylation and increased cytoplasmic distribution of KLF5, suggesting that SUMOylation enhances nuclear localization of KLF5. Lysine 151 is adjacent to a nuclear export signal (NES) that resembles a consensus NES. The NES in KLF5 directs a fused green fluorescence protein to the cytoplasm, binds the nuclear export receptor CRM1, and is inhibited by leptomycin and site-directed mutagenesis. SUMOylation facilitates nuclear localization of KLF5 by inhibiting this NES activity, and enhances the ability of KLF5 to stimulate anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells. A survey of proteins whose nuclear localization is regulated by SUMOylation reveals that SUMOylation sites are frequently located in close proximity to NESs. A relatively common mechanism for SUMOylation to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport may lie in the interplay between neighboring NES and SUMOylation motifs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: James X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Agnieszka B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bialkowska
authors.forename: Beth B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Vincent W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: C492214:KLF5 protein, human; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein
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