title: Risk factors for posterior cystoid retinal degeneration in central serous chorioretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors associated with the development of posterior cystoid retinal degeneration (PCRD) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively studied 51 eyes of 51 patients with chronic CSC and subretinal or intraretinal exudation documented by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and evaluated the association of hypertension, systemic use of corticosteroids, duration of symptoms, subretinal fibrosis, and large laser scars with the development of PCRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four eyes (47%) had PCRD and 27 eyes (53%) had serous macular detachment without cystoid retinal changes. Multivariate analysis showed that a duration of symptoms exceeding 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 25.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-233.2; P = 0.004) and subretinal fibrosis (OR, 19.1; 95% CI, 1.8-205.1; P = 0.015) were significantly associated with PCRD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease duration longer than 5 years and subretinal fibrosis are associated with the development of PCRD in CSC. Prospective evaluations could substantiate the associations found in this study and further clarify their significance.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione per la Macula Onlus, Genova. felice.cardillopiccolino@unito.it
authors.forename: Felice Cardillo
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Piccolino
authors.forename: Roberta Rigault
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: De La Longrais
authors.forename: Marilisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manea
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cicinelli
authors.forename: Giambattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ravera
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones