title: The effect of lead on intracellular Ca(2+) in mouse lymphocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lead exposure is one of major public health problems. The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the effect of lead on lymphocyte intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lymphocytes were separated from mice spleen and treated with three doses of PbCl(2) (1, 10 and 100 micromol/L). [Ca(2+)]i was measured in a Thermo Labsystems Fluoroskan Ascent after loading the cells with Fura2-AM probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i in 10 and 100 micromol/L PbCl(2) groups increased to the highest level after 10 min of lead exposure (P<0.05). After 1h of lead exposure, however, lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i levels were not statistically different from that in control group cells (P>0.05). Removal of Ca(2+) from external solution did not significantly affect the PbCl(2)-induced lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i. PbCl(2) increased the [Ca(2+)]i under both normal Ca(2+) and Ca(2+)-free conditions. With pretreatment of calmodulin (CaM) antagonist W7, lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i levels were still high, but [Ca(2+)]i levels were not as high as those in the absence of W7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the lymphocytes were exposed to PbCl(2) ranging from 1 to 100 micromol/L, the lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i level was increased, but the increase appeared reversible(.) CaM may play a role in the process of the effect of lead on the lymphocyte [Ca(2+)]i.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 Zhejiang, PR China.
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhengyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xielai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Suhang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016257:Fura-2; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D007854:Lead; C029891:lead chloride; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2