title: Differential expression of potassium ion channels in human renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ether-a-go-go (EAG) or EAG-related (ERG) voltage-gated potassium ion channels are involved in tumor generation and progression. Their over- and/or misexpression has been demonstrated in various tumors, and inhibition of these channels has suppressed proliferation of various cancer cells. We investigate and compare the pattern of expression of EAG and human ERG (HERG) channels in renal cell carcinoma and "normal" renal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples, obtained at the time of radical nephrectomy from the tumor-bearing areas, and uninvolved renal tissue were preserved in 4% paraformaldehyde and cryosectioned at 20 mum. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis was performed on the tumor and uninvolved kidney parenchyma by incubating with polyclonal anti-HERG 1b (Alomone Lab, Israel), anti-EAG1, and anti-EAG2. Pattern of expression of EAG/HERG channels in normal renal tissue and carcinoma were noted and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was performed on 16 radical and four partial nephrectomy specimens (n = 20). All tumors in the cohort were clear cell renal carcinoma. Normal renal tissue was found to exhibit heterogeneous cytoplasmic positivity for EAG1 and focal HERG immunoreactivity (IR) in the proximal (PCT) and distal convoluted tubules (DCT). EAG2 IR was absent in the normal renal tissue. Clear cell RCC demonstrated a loss of HERG expression while diffuse overexpression of EAG1 and EAG2 was noted. Western blot analysis corroborated the immunohistochemical observations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study both EAG1 and EAG2 potassium channels were overexpressed in clear cell renal cancer. In contrast to other adenocarcinomas, there is loss of HERG expression in clear cell RCC, which may possibly explain its chemoresistance. These ion channels may provide a potential for targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Surbhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
authors.forename: Amit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.forename: Narmada P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy
chemical_list: D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C496884:KCNH1 protein, human; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C092509:KCNH6 protein, human
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