title: Cyclic-AMP-dependent proliferation of a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells) induced by hydroxyapatite: effect of exogenous nitric oxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE WORK: Nitric oxide (NO) has been reported to enhance the production of cAMP by hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced a human osteoblast cell line (HOS cells). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exogenous NO may up-regulate the proliferation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-induced HOS cells via the cyclic-AMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  HOS cells were pre-incubated with ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator), IBMX [phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor], siguazodan (PDE3 inhibitor), rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor), or KT5720 (PKA inhibitor), and then, cultured on the surface of HA with or without the presence of SNAP (NO donor). The HOS cell cultures on the HA surface were added with br-cGMP (cGMP analogue), db-cAMP (cAMP analogue) with or without SNAP. The cell proliferation was assessed by a colorimetric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The up-regulatory effect of SNAP on HA-induced HOS cell proliferation was suppressed by SQ22536 and KT5720, but enhanced by db-cAMP, IBMX, and rolipram. The HA-induced HOS cell proliferation with or without the presence of SNAP was unaltered by ODQ br-cGMP and siguazodan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest, therefore, that HA-induced HOS cell proliferation may be mediated by the cAMP-PKA pathway regulated by PDE4 and that exogenous NO may amplify this cyclic nucleotide pathway, thereby augmenting HA-induced HOS cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong 08100, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia. wsosroseno@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Wihaskoro
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sosroseno
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugiatno
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000494:pharmacology; D001119:Arginase; D002450:Cell Communication; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003124:Colorimetry; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004004:Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; D005576:Colforsin; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; C016276:8-bromocyclic GMP; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004004:Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D017886:Durapatite; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D001119:Arginase; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D010396:Penicillamine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D020889:Rolipram; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine