title: Decreased immunostaining for macrophage scavenger receptor is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) in prostate needle biopsy specimens as a possible prognostic factor for prostate cancer. As MSR reportedly has a role in recognizing foreign pathogenic substances, MSR-positive inflammatory cells are often detected in solid tumours, and there is a correlation between the relative risk of prostate cancer and polymorphism of the MSR gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSR was evaluated by immunostaining in needle biopsies of the prostate from 135 patients who were confirmed to have prostate cancer. Among these men, 70 were treated by radical prostatectomy or by radiotherapy as definitive therapy; the other 65 were treated by hormonal therapy because of advanced disease or age. Needle-biopsy specimens were sectioned at 5 microm and immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against MSR. Six microscopic (x400) fields around the cancer foci were selected in each case for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of MSR-positive cells (MSR count) in each case was 24. There was an inverse correlation between the MSR count and Gleason score and clinical stage. The MSR count was lower in patients with biochemical (prostate-specific antigen, PSA) failure than that in those with no PSA failure (P < 0.001). In all patients, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was significantly higher in those with a high MSR count (> or =24) than that in those with low MSR count (<24, P < 0.001). Moreover, for patients treated by definitive or hormonal therapy, the RFS rates in those with a higher MSR count were higher than in those with a lower MSR count (P < 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the MSR count was a prognostic factor for prostate cancer in addition to extraprostatic extension and Gleason score (P = 0.002, 0.038 and 0.011, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of immunostaining of MSR in needle-biopsy specimens is a prognostic factor for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Daizo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aozasa
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen