Sedation in endoscopy: when and how.
Sedation for endoscopy provides comfort for the patient and better examination conditions for the endoscopist. The high costs of providing anaesthesia by specialists and the relative lack of specialist personnel in many countries have led to the wider introduction of sedation delivered by non-anaesthesiologists. Such sedation should be targeted for moderate levels of sedation; however, personnel should be able to avoid - and rescue patients from - deeper sedation levels. Several conditions have to be fulfilled to provide proper and safe non-anaesthesiologist sedation for endoscopy, especially when propofol is to be used. These conditions include formal training, supervision by anaesthesiology staff, and definition of standard operating procedures on the national as well as local levels.
Regula
Jaroslaw
J
Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education and the Maria-Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland. jregula@coi.waw.pl
Sokol-Kobielska
Elzbieta
E
D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007258:Informed Consent; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D009626:Terminology as Topic
D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000931:Antidotes; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009609:Nitrous Oxide