title: CD4 memory T cells divide poorly in response to antigen because of their cytokine profile.
abstract: Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity, and understanding T cell memory will be central to the development of effective cell-mediated vaccines. The characteristics and functions of CD4 memory cells have not been well defined. Here we demonstrate that the increased size of the secondary response is solely a consequence of the increased antigen-specific precursor frequency within the memory pool. Memory cells proliferated less than primary responding cells, even within the same host. By analyzing the entry of primary and memory cells into the cell cycle, we found that the two populations proliferated similarly until day 5; after this time, fewer of the reactivated memory cells proliferated. At this time, fewer of the reactivated memory cells made IL-2 than primary responding cells, but more made IFNgamma. Both these factors affected the low proliferation of the memory cells, because either exogenous IL-2 or inhibition of IFNgamma increased the proliferation of the memory cells.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center and University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA. macleodm@njc.org
authors.forename: Megan K L
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marrack
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000276:immunology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D007376:Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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