title: Cognitive impairment and white matter damage in hypertension: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension has been associated with impaired cognition. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to assess white matter abnormalities in treated vs untreated hypertension and if these correlated with neuropsychological performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 40 patients with medically treated hypertension (mean age 69.3 years), 10 patients with untreated hypertension (mean age 57.6 years) and 30 normotensive controls (mean age 68.2 years). Hypertension was defined as a previous diagnosis and taking hypertensive medication, or a resting blood pressure of >140/90 mmHg on the day of assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with treated hypertension performed worse on immediate (P = 0.037) as well as delayed memory tasks (P = 0.024) compared with normotensive controls. Cognitive performance was worse in untreated compared with treated hypertension on executive functions (P = 0.041) and psychomotor speed (P = 0.003). There was no significant correlation between cognition and any of the imaging parameters in treated hypertension. However, in untreated hypertension the results revealed a positive correlation between an executive functioning and attention composite score and DTI mean diffusivity values (P = 0.016) and between psychomotor speed and spectroscopy NAA/tCr levels (P = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest there is cognitive impairment in hypertension. Treated hypertension was associated with deficits in memory while untreated hypertension revealed a more 'subcortical' pattern of cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, St Georges University of London, UK. khannesd@landspitali.is
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hannesdottir
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitkunan
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Barrick
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: MacGregor
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Markus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology