title: Parent modeling: perceptions of parents' physical activity predict girls' activity throughout adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether parent modeling of physical activity (PA) has a differential impact on girls' PA by race, whether the association declines with time, and to assess the contribution of parent modeling to girls' activity relative to other potential predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal examination of parent modeling's impact on future log transformed metabolic equivalents (log METs) of leisure-time PA in 1213 African-American and 1166 Caucasian girls in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, from age 9 to 10 years through 18 to 19 years, using linear regression. Race interaction terms and time trends were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Girls' perceptions of parent modeling significantly predicted future log METs in each study year; associations remained stable with time and were similar by race. Girls' perception of parent PA better predicted girl log METs than did parent self-report. On average, girls reporting that their parents exercised > or =3x/week were about 50% more active than girls with sedentary parents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls' perception of parent activity predicts PA for girls throughout adolescence, despite age-associated decreases in PA. We did not find differences in this association by race. Interventions designed to increase parental activity may improve parent health, positively influence daughters' activity, and begin to address disparities in cardiovascular health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. madsenk@peds.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Kristine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Patricia B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D044383:Black People; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents; D010465:Perception; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 May;32(5):963-75
references.pmid: 10795788
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Sep;32(9 Suppl):S498-504
references.pmid: 10993420
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1992 Dec;82(12):1613-20
references.pmid: 1456335
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2007 Feb;33(1):80-9
references.pmid: 17291173
references.citation: Am J Hum Biol. 2001 Mar-Apr;13(2):190-6
references.pmid: 11460863
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 5;347(10):709-15
references.pmid: 12213941
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;75(4):705-13
references.pmid: 11916757
references.citation: Res Q Exerc Sport. 2001 Sep;72(3):202-9
references.pmid: 11561385
references.citation: J Sch Health. 2007 Apr;77(4):164-70
references.pmid: 17425518
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2006 Jan;95(1):93-8
references.pmid: 16373303
references.citation: J Sch Health. 2002 Oct;72(8):313-28
references.pmid: 12389372
references.citation: J Behav Med. 1988 Feb;11(1):31-41
references.pmid: 3367370
references.citation: Health Psychol. 1999 Jul;18(4):410-5
references.pmid: 10431943
references.citation: Res Q. 1976 May;47(2):238-45
references.pmid: 1067640
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121(4):833-4
references.pmid: 18381548
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Aug;32(8):1445-54
references.pmid: 10949011
references.citation: Prev Med. 1997 Mar-Apr;26(2):257-63
references.pmid: 9085396
references.citation: Prev Med. 1994 May;23(3):314-21
references.pmid: 8078852
references.citation: J Pediatr Psychol. 2007 Apr;32(3):250-9
references.pmid: 16896193
references.citation: Ethn Dis. 2006 Winter;16(1):172-9
references.pmid: 16599367
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Sep;27(9):987-1005
references.pmid: 12917703
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Nov;31(11 Suppl):S646-62
references.pmid: 10593541
references.citation: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007 Feb 02;4:3
references.pmid: 17274822
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Feb;105(2):262-5
references.pmid: 15668686
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 1999 Aug;17(2):120-6
references.pmid: 10490054
references.citation: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Sep;35(9):1589-95
references.pmid: 12972881
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Feb 6;115(5):e69-171
references.pmid: 17194875
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 2003 Nov;25(4):277-82
references.pmid: 14580627
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Nov 23;56(46):1209-12
references.pmid: 18030281
references.citation: Diabetes Metab. 2004 Sep;30(4):359-66
references.pmid: 15525880