title: Reduced angiotensin II levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest that angiotensin II, a major substrate in the renin-angiotensin system, protects neurons through stimulation of its type 2 receptors. However, quite a few clinical studies of angiotensin II levels have shown their relation to disease severity in neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the significance of angiotensin II in ALS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assayed angiotensin II concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 23 patients with ALS, nine patients with spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD) and 24 control individuals. We evaluated the disability levels of patients with ALS using the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and calculated the disease progression rate (DPR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF angiotensin II levels were significantly lower in the ALS group compared with that in the control group (P = 0.00864), and showed a significant positive correlation with scores on the ALSFRS-R, and a significant negative correlation with the DPR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, we reveal for the first time that angiotensin II levels in the CSF from patients with ALS are significantly reduced and significantly associated with disease severity and progression rate. These findings suggest that reduced levels of intrathecal angiotensin II may play a role in ALS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Tohon, Ehime, Japan. mz1965kawajj@khc.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawajiri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohyagi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: J-I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000502:physiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II