title: Predictors of subjective and objective quality of life in outpatients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, greater attention has been given to quality of life (QOL) in schizophrenia and several studies reported that negative and depressive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are related to patient QOL. But because a variety of QOL measures have been used in the previous studies, there seems to be no unanimous predictors for subjective and objective QOL. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between clinical variables and subjective and objective QOL in outpatients with schizophrenia, using schizophrenia disease-specific QOL measures. Particular attention was paid to cognitive function as a predictor of QOL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schizophrenia symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were divided into five factors: positive factor, negative factor, cognitive factor, emotional discomfort, and hostility. The study sample consisted of 84 schizophrenia outpatients. Subjective and objective QOL were assessed with Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) and the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective QOL correlated significantly with emotional discomfort, positive factor, negative factor, extrapyramidal symptoms and cognitive factor, while objective QOL correlated with negative factor, cognitive factor, emotional discomfort, extrapyramidal symptoms, and dose of antipsychotics. Total score and three of four subscales in the QLS correlated significantly with cognitive factor, while cognitive factor had a significant correlation with only one of three scales of SQLS. Stepwise regression showed that subjective QOL was significantly predicted by emotional discomfort and extrapyramidal symptoms, while negative factor was the most important predictor of objective QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive dysfunction had a greater influence on objective QOL than subjective QOL. Treating depressive and negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms might contribute to enhanced subjective and objective QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan. kandy7371@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aki
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomotake
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iga
authors.forename: Syusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Motoki
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izaki
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tayoshi
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumitani
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tayoshi
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takikawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishimoto
authors.forename: Syu-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012917:Social Adjustment
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents