title: Polyphosphate polymers during early embryogenesis of Periplaneta americana.
abstract: Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are linear polymers of phosphate (Pi) residues linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. Despite a wide distribution, their role during insect embryogenesis has not been examined so far. In this study, we show the mobilization of PolyP polymers during the embryogenesis of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. PolyP was detected by enzymatic and fluorimetric assays and found to accumulate in two main sizes by agarose gel electrophoresis. Confocal microscopy showed their presence in small vesicles. In addition, X-ray microanalysis of small vesicles showed considerable amounts of calcium, sodium and magnesium, suggesting an association of PolyP with these elements. Variations of the free Ca+2, Pi and PolyP levels were observed during the first days of embryogenesis. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphate ions modulate PolyP variation and that PolyP hydrolysis result in increasing free Ca+2 levels. This is the first investigation of PolyP metabolism during embryogenesis of an insect and might shed light on the mechanisms involving Pi storage and homeostasis during this period. We suggest that PolyP, mainly stored in small vesicles, might be involved in the functional control of Ca+2 and Pi homeostasis during early embryogenesis of P. Americana.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Programa de Parasitologia e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária. Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D010058:Oviposition; D010526:Periplaneta / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D011122:Polyphosphates; D002118:Calcium