title: Increased superoxide contributes to enhancement of vascular contraction in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice, an autosomal dominant mutant model.
abstract: Superoxide has been reported to be involved in vascular dysfunction in diabetes. The Ins2(Akita) mouse is an autosomal dominant mutant diabetic model that can serve as an excellent substitute for the Type 1 diabetic mouse model induced by chemical diabetogens. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of superoxide on vascular dysfunction using this new diabetic model. Compared with age-matched normal C57BL/6 mice, in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice arterial superoxide, lipid peroxidation production (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs 17.4 +/- 1.9 mmol/mg tissue, respectively; P < 0.01) and plasma lipid peroxidation production (0.08 +/- 0.02 vs 0.40 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01) were increased. Meanwhile, expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in the aorta and/or plasma was elevated. The contraction of carotid arteries to U46619 in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice was significantly enhanced compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Tempol (a scavenger of superoxide), apocynin (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) all not only decreased superoxide in carotid arteries, but also suppressed arterial contractions to U46619 in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, and chelerythrine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, also suppressed the enhanced vascular contraction. These results suggest that increased arterial superoxide generated from diverse sources may potentiate the contractions of carotid arteries in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1317, USA.
authors.forename: Xiang-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alex F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011498:Protein Precursors; D013481:Superoxides; C013737:preproinsulin