title: Biomarkers of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in glucose intolerance (GI) compared to overt diabetes (DM2).
  
  
  METHODS
  140 volunteers including 96 with DM2, 32 with GI and 12 controls (C) were studied. (*)NO metabolites, (*)NO synthase inhibitors, thiols and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity were analyzed by chemiluminescence, capillary electrophoresis, ELISA and colorimetric assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (*)NO metabolites were higher in GI (NOx: p=0.03; S-nitrosothiols: p=0.001) and DM2 (p=0.006; p=0.0006) groups in relation to group C, while nitrotyrosine was higher only in the DM2 group in comparison to the other groups. NAGase activity was elevated in GI (p=0.003) and DM2 (p=0.0004) groups in relation to group C, as well as, ADMA (p=0.01; p=0.003) and GSSG (p=0.01; p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (*)NO metabolites, (*)NO synthase inhibitors, thiols and NAGase are biomarkers suitable to indicate endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the early stages of impaired response to insulin.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edimar Cristiano
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferderbar
authors.forename: Marcelo Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bertolami
authors.forename: André Arpad
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Faludi
authors.forename: Osmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: Hermes Toros
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Tiago Veiga
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Dulcineia Saes Parra
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004727:Endothelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; C487735:dimethylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D006596:Hexosaminidases; D005978:Glutathione