title: Benefits of fish oil supplementation in hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fish oils have been widely reported as a useful supplement to reduce fasting blood triglyceride levels in individuals with hyperlipidemia. We performed an updated meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate all the randomized trials of fish oils in hyperlipidemic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic literature search using several electronic databases supplemented by manual searches of published reference lists, review articles and conference abstracts. We included all placebo-controlled randomized trials of parallel design that evaluated any of the main blood lipid outcomes: total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or triglycerides (TG). Data were pooled using DerSimonian-Laird's random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final analysis comprised of 47 studies in otherwise untreated subjects showed that taking fish oils (weighted average daily intake of 3.25 g of EPA and/or DHA) produced a clinically significant reduction of TG (-0.34 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.27), no change in total cholesterol (-0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.01) and very slight increases in HDL (0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (0.06 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.09). The reduction of TG correlated with both EPA+DHA intake and initial TG level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish oil supplementation produces a clinically significant dose-dependent reduction of fasting blood TG but not total, HDL or LDL cholesterol in hyperlipidemic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Complementary Medicine Research, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. eslickg@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Guy D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Eslick
authors.forename: Peter R C
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ros
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Priest
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensoussan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005395:Fish Oils; D014280:Triglycerides