title: Chemical and physicochemical characterization of agrowaste fibrous materials and residues.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical, physicochemical, and functional properties of agrowastes derived from okara ( Glycine max), corn cob ( Zea mays sp.), wheat straw ( Triticum sp.), and rice husk ( Oryza sativa) for potential applications in foods. The fibrous materials (FM) were treated with alkali to yield fibrous residues (FR). Rice husk contained the highest ash content (FM, 8.56%; FR, 9.04%) and lowest lightness in color (FM, 67.63; FR, 63.46), possibly due to the abundance of mineral constituents. Corn cob contained the highest amount of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), whereas okara had the highest total dietary fiber (TDF). The high dietary fiber fractions of corn cob and okara also contributed to the highest water- and oil-holding capacities, emulsifying activities, and emulsion stabilities for both FM and FR samples. These results indicate that these agrowastes could be utilized as functional ingredients in foods.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia. mintze.liong@usm.my
authors.forename: Yau-Hoong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: Min-Tze
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Liong
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003116:Color; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D045730:Soy Foods; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C412882:okara, Glycine max