title: Clinical significance of posttransplantation vesicoureteral reflux during short-term period after kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary tract infection (UTI) may occur in the form of asymptomatic bacteruria but severe cases may cause life-threatening pyelonephritis or sepsis in immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is one risk factor in the transplanted kidney. But controversy exists regarding the effect of VUR in terms of graft outcomes. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes among patients with posttransplantation VUR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2005 and June 2006, we examined 75 patients with functioning grafts for more than 1 year by voiding cystourethrography at 1 year for the grade of posttransplantation VUR: group A, absent (n = 28) including grade I (n = 6) and II (n = 22); group B, including grade III (n = 17) and IV (n = 2). Patient characteristics included etiology of end-stage renal disease, duration of dialysis before transplantation, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance at 1 and 12 months after transplantation, and postoperative complications. The presence/absence of UTI, acute rejection, and graft loss were compared for significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posttransplantation VUR present in 47/75 patients (61.3%) was over grade III in 19 patients. There was no difference in significant risk factors between the groups as well as between the reflux subgroups. VUR did not influence graft function with the only significant factor being acute cellular rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We failed to confirm a risk of developing posttransplantation VUR. Posttransplantation VUR did not negatively affect graft function; acute cellular rejection was the only factor that influenced it. Longer follow-up needs to be performed to clarify the long-term effects of posttransplantation VUR on graft function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: G-S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: C H D
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*