title: Variation in target and rectum dose due to prostate deformation: an assessment by repeated MR imaging and treatment planning.
abstract: In daily clinical practice, implanted fiducial markers are used to correct for prostate motion, but not for prostate deformation. The aim of this study is to investigate the variation in target and rectum dose due to the deformation of the prostate gland (without seminal vesicles). Therefore, we performed five to six MRI scans of eight healthy volunteers that exhibited large variation in rectal volume and thus prostate deformation. Prostate motion was corrected by a mask-based rigid registration which uses the delineation as well as the internal structures of the prostate gland. Per MRI scan, one IMRT plan with a PTV margin of 4 mm was created, resulting in 41 IMRT plans. The dose distribution of the IMRT plan based on the MRI scan with the minimum rectal volume was applied to the other rigidly registered MRI scans to evaluate the impact of prostate deformation. In conclusion, pre-treatment planning on the minimum rectal volume can cause a fraction dose increase (up to 15%) to the rectum due to prostate deformation. The impact on the total dose increase to the rectum depends on the intrapatient rectum variation during treatment, but is negligible with the currently used PTV margins in a fractionated treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. E.Kerkhof@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kerkhof
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: van der Put
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Raaymakers
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vulpen
authors.forename: J J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lagendijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness