Neonatal nicotine exposure impairs development of auditory temporal processing.
Accurate temporal processing of sound is essential for detecting word structures in speech. Maternal smoking affects speech processing in newborns and may influence child language development; however, it is unclear how neonatal exposure to nicotine, present in cigarettes, affects the normal development of temporal processing. The present study used the gap-induced prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI) of the acoustic startle response to investigate the effects of neonatal nicotine exposure on the normal development of gap detection, a behavioral testing procedure of auditory temporal resolution. Neonatal rats were injected twice per day with saline (control), 1mg/kg nicotine (N-1 mg) or 5 mg/kg nicotine (N-5 mg) from postnatal day 8-12 (P8-P12). During the first month after birth, rats showed poor gap-PPI in all three groups. At P45 and P60, gap-PPI in control rats improved significantly, whereas rats exposed to nicotine exhibited less improvement. At P60, the gap-detection threshold in the N-5 mg group was significantly higher than in the control group, suggesting that neonatal nicotine exposure affects the normal development of gap-detection acuity. Additionally, 1h after receiving an acute nicotine injection (1 mg/kg), gap-PPI recorded in adult rats from the N-5 mg group showed a temporary significant improvement. These results suggest that neonatal nicotine exposure reduces gap-PPI implying an impairment of the normal development of auditory temporal processing by inducing changes in cholinergic systems.
Sun
Wei
W
Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. weisun@buffalo.edu
Hansen
Anna
A
Zhang
Liyan
L
Lu
Jianzhong
J
Stolzberg
Daniel
D
Kraus
Kari Suzanne
KS
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine
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