title: Anti-HSV-1 and anti-HIV-1 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate.
abstract: The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid (GA), also known as gallates, especially propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. The inhibitory effects of GA and 15 gallates on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication were investigated here. After a preliminary screening of these compounds, GA and pentyl gallate (PG) seemed to be the most active compounds against HSV-1 replication and their mode of action was characterized through a set of assays, which attempted to localize the step of the viral multiplication cycle where impairment occurred. The detected anti-HSV-1 activity was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment to and penetration into cells, and by virucidal properties. Furthermore, an anti-HIV-1 activity was also found, to different degrees. In summary, our results suggest that both compounds could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HSV-1 agents, and further studies concerning the anti-HIV-1 activity of this group of molecules are merited.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Síntese e Estrutura-Atividade, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jadel Müller
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Carla Regina
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Andrighetti-Fröhner
authors.forename: Deise Juliana
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kolling
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Cláudio César
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cirne-Santos
authors.forename: Rosendo Augusto
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yunes
authors.forename: Ricardo José
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trybala
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Izabel C P P
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Frugulhetti
authors.forename: Célia Regina Monte
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Barardi
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; C114654:pentyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid