Soil-skin adherence from carpet: use of a mechanical chamber to control contact parameters.
A computer-controlled mechanical chamber was used to control the contact between carpet samples laden with soil, and human cadaver skin and cotton sheet samples for the measurement of mass soil transfer. Mass soil transfers were converted to adherence factors (mg/cm2) for use in models that estimate dermal exposure to contaminants found in soil media. The contact parameters of pressure (10 to 50 kPa) and time (10 to 50 sec) were varied for 369 experiments of mass soil transfer, where two soil types (play sand and lawn soil) and two soil sizes (< 139.7 microm and > or = 139.7 < 381) were used. Chamber probes were used to record temperature and humidity. Log transformation of the sand/soil transfers was performed to normalize the distribution. Estimated adjusted means for experimental conditions were exponentiated in order to express them in the original units. Mean soil mass transfer to cadaver skin (0.74 mg/cm2) was higher than to cotton sheets (0.21 mg/cm2). Higher pressure (p < 0.0001), and larger particle size (p < 0.0001) were also all associated with larger amounts of soil transfer. The original model was simplified into two by adherence material type (i.e., cadaver skin and cotton sheets) in order to investigate the differential effects of pressure, time, soil size, and soil type on transfer. This research can be used to improve estimates of dermal exposure to contaminants found in home carpets.
Ferguson
Alesia C
AC
College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. aferguson@uams.edu
Bursac
Zoran
Z
Biddle
Deborah
D
Coleman
Sheire
S
Johnson
Wayne
W
D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants