title: Bone mineral density changes in relation to environmental PCB exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone toxicity has been linked to organochlorine exposure following a few notable poisoning incidents, but epidemiologic studies in populations with environmental organochlorine exposure have yielded inconsistent results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether organochlorine exposure was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a population 60-81 years of age (154 males, 167 females) living near the Baltic coast, close to a river contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured forearm BMD in participants using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; and we assessed low BMD using age- and sex-standardized Z-scores. We analyzed blood samples for five dioxin-like PCBs, the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs, and p,p'-dichloro-phenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In males, dioxin-like chlorobiphenyl (CB)-118 was negatively associated with BMD; the odds ratio for low BMD (Z-score less than -1) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.12) per 10 pg/mL CB-118. The sum of the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs was positively associated with BMD, but not with a decreased risk of low BMD. In females, CB-118 was positively associated with BMD, but this congener did not influence the risk of low BMD in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Environmental organochlorine exposures experienced by this population sample since the 1930s in Sweden may have been sufficient to result in sex-specific changes in BMD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. susan.hodgson@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fattore
authors.forename: P Monica
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alfven
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carubelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jarup
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
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