Neonatal hair nicotine levels and fetal exposure to paternal smoking at home.
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major risk to human health, and the home is the greatest single source of ETS for children. The authors investigated fetal exposure to paternal smoking at home during pregnancy. Korean families were included as trios of fathers, mothers, and neonates identified in 2005-2007. Sixty-three trios were finally enrolled in this study after exclusion of those in which the mother was a smoker or was regularly exposed to ETS at places other than the home. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in hair were measured by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine long-term exposure to ETS. The difference between neonatal nicotine concentrations in the smoker and nonsmoker groups was not statistically significant. However, in the indoor-smoker group, neonatal nicotine concentrations were significantly higher than in the outdoor and nonsmoker groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, neonatal nicotine concentrations in the outdoor-smoker group were not different from those in the nonsmoker group. These findings indicate that paternal smoking inside the home leads to significant fetal and maternal exposure to ETS and may subsequently affect fetal health. Conversely, findings show that paternal smoking outside the home prevents the mother and her fetus from being exposed to ETS.
Seong
Moon-Woo
MW
Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Hwang
Jong Hee
JH
Moon
Jin Soo
JS
Ryu
Hye-Jung
HJ
Kong
Sun-Young
SY
Um
Tae Hyun
TH
Park
Jae-Gahb
JG
Lee
Do-Hoon
DH
D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor; D015415:Biomarkers; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009538:Nicotine / Q000032:analysis*; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D009538:Nicotine; D003367:Cotinine
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Jan;56(1):66-71
11801622
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 May;301(2):594-8
11961061
Biomed Chromatogr. 2004 Nov;18(9):655-61
15386502
BJOG. 2002 Aug;109(8):909-11
12197371
Rev Environ Health. 2004 Jul-Dec;19(3-4):291-309
15742675
Forensic Sci Int. 2004 Oct 29;145(2-3):191-4
15451092
JAMA. 1994 Feb 23;271(8):621-3
8301796
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003 Jul;71(1):1-5
12945833
Clin Chem. 1999 Dec;45(12):2164-72
10585349
Tob Control. 2006 Jun;15 Suppl 2:ii4-19
16731523
Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun;109(6):557-61
11445507
Future Child. 1994 Winter;4(3):94-114
7859045
Am J Public Health. 1998 Jan;88(1):120-4
9584018
Bull World Health Organ. 1987;65(5):663-737
3322602
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1994 Sep-Oct;75(3-4):143-9
7800654
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105(2):202-6
9105795
Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Apr;115(4):623-9
17450234
Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(3):323-8
12022307
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2000 Jul-Aug;10(4):378-84
10981731
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20(18):2781-2
16921558
Clin Chim Acta. 2007 Aug;383(1-2):180-1
17573058
Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Sep 1;142(5):531-7
7677132
Am J Public Health. 1995 Mar;85(3):395-8
7892926
Clin Invest Med. 1990 Feb;13(1):17-42; discussion 43-6
2138069