title: Effectiveness of fortification of corn flour-derived products with hydrogen-reduced elemental iron on iron-deficiency anaemia in children and adolescents in southern Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find the ideal combination of Fe fortifier and its food vehicle is an essential measure in developing countries. However, its cost also plays an important role. In the present study, the effect on blood parameter values of corn flour-derived products fortified with powdered elemental Fe in the form of H2-reduced Fe was investigated in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-two individuals (eighty-six boys and seventy-six girls) from public educational centres in Londrina, Paraná (southern Brazil) participated in the study. Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) was defined when Hb and serum ferritin values fell below 12 g/dl and 20 microg/l, respectively; Fe deficiency (ID) was considered when serum ferritin was below 20 microg/l.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of ID and IDA decreased from 18.0 % and 14.9 %, values found at the beginning of the study, to respectively 5.6 % and 1.2 % after 6 months. Changes from altered to normal values occurred more often than normal to altered values with transferrin saturation (14.2 % v. 6.8 %; P < 0.04) and ferritin (12.4 % v. 0 %; P < 0.001). Hb, transferrin saturation and ferritin showed differences between normal and altered parameters after 6 months (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pronounced reduction in the prevalence of ID and IDA was observed in children and adolescents following 6 months' ingestion of corn flour-derived products enriched with elemental Fe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. lucia@rantac.net
authors.forename: Lúcia H S
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Miglioranza
authors.forename: José Wander
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Breganó
authors.forename: Isaias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dichi
authors.forename: Tiemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Jane Bandeira
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dichi
authors.forename: Décio Sabbatini
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron