title: Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.
abstract: As invertebrates lack the molecular machinery employed by the vertebrate adaptive immune system, it was thought that they consequently lack the ability to produce lasting and specific immunity. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that the immune defence of invertebrates is by far more complicated and specific than previously envisioned. Lasting immunity following an initial exposure that proves protection on a secondary exposure has been shown in several species of invertebrates. This phenomenon has become known as immune priming. In the cases where it is explicitly tested, this priming can also be highly specific. In this study, we used survival assays to test for specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, using bacteria of different degrees of relatedness. Our results suggest an unexpected degree of specificity that even allows for differentiation between different strains of the same bacterium. However, our findings also demonstrate that specific priming of resistance in insects may not be ubiquitous across all bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Integrative Biology, Experimental Ecology, Universitätsstrasse 16, ETH-Zentrum, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland. olivia.roth@env.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Ben M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sadd
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid-Hempel
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurtz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D014231:Tribolium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology
references.citation: J Evol Biol. 2008 Nov;21(6):1703-10
references.pmid: 18713243
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2006 Jun 20;16(12):1206-10
references.pmid: 16782011
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2002 Feb;5(1):102-10
references.pmid: 11834378
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2003 Mar 18;13(6):489-92
references.pmid: 12646131
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2007 Apr 19;1(2):91-3
references.pmid: 18005687
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Feb;19(2):58-60
references.pmid: 16701227
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Dec 1;179(11):7209-14
references.pmid: 18025161
references.citation: Biol Lett. 2005 Dec 22;1(4):386-8
references.pmid: 17148213
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Sep 4;425(6953):37-8
references.pmid: 12955131
references.citation: Curr Opin Immunol. 2007 Oct;19(5):526-34
references.pmid: 17703932
references.citation: J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 2008 Mar 15;310(2):148-59
references.pmid: 17358014
references.citation: Bioessays. 2005 Oct;27(10):1026-34
references.pmid: 16163710
references.citation: Physiol Genomics. 2006 Jul 12;26(2):134-44
references.pmid: 16837652
references.citation: J Evol Biol. 2001 Jan 8;14(1):186-193
references.pmid: 29280574
references.citation: Parasitol Today. 1991 Aug;7(8):217-20
references.pmid: 15463501
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Jul;25(7):1429-39
references.pmid: 18403399
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2006 Jul;4(7):e229
references.pmid: 16774454
references.citation: Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):273-5
references.pmid: 11951023
references.citation: BMC Mol Biol. 2007 Aug 15;8:68
references.pmid: 17697382
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):949-55
references.pmid: 18362917
references.citation: Biol Lett. 2005 Jun 22;1(2):193-5
references.pmid: 17148164
references.citation: Scand J Immunol. 1989 May;29(5):499-505
references.pmid: 2658012
references.citation: Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1874-8
references.pmid: 16109846
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2005 Jul;6(7):651-4
references.pmid: 15970937
references.citation: Evolution. 2007 Mar;61(3):694-9
references.pmid: 17348932
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2005 Apr;26(4):186-92
references.pmid: 15797508
references.citation: J Hered. 2004 Jan-Feb;95(1):53-61
references.pmid: 14757730
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2007 Dec 18;17(24):R1046-7
references.pmid: 18088585
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2007 Mar;3(3):e26
references.pmid: 17352533
references.citation: J Invertebr Pathol. 2005 Jul;89(3):251-7
references.pmid: 15963529
references.citation: J Parasitol. 1960 Dec;46:747-53
references.pmid: 13784572
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2006 Nov;27(11):493-6
references.pmid: 16979938
references.citation: Genetics. 2005 Jun;170(2):741-7
references.pmid: 15834150
references.citation: Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):251-4
references.pmid: 15247481
references.citation: J Parasitol. 2003 Jun;89(3):516-21
references.pmid: 12880251