title: KIDCLOT: the importance of validated educational intervention for optimal long term warfarin management in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in medical and surgical therapy in children have resulted in increased survival in children with primary illnesses. However, thrombosis is a serious complication of this success and results in mortality and morbidity. Prevention or treatment of thrombosis using warfarin is challenging in children due to its narrow therapeutic index and the unique differences in children, including variable nutritional intake and the occurrence of common concomitant viral or bacterial illnesses which alter warfarin metabolism. The variable response to warfarin in children necessitates frequent International Normalized Ratio (INR) monitoring. Education may improve time in therapeutic range (TTR) a measure of warfarin effect, and a surrogate for patient adherence, safety and efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pediatric Anticoagulation program (Stollery Children's Hospital) developed a novel child-focused educational program KIDCLOT-POC about warfarin therapy and POC-INR meter use. A total of twenty eight children, and their caregivers, participated in KIDCLOT-POC. Questionnaire score comparisons and practical demonstrations assessed the learners' theoretical and practical knowledge of warfarin management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In caregivers, the median pre, post and knowledge retention questionnaire scores were 50 (IQR 27), 93 (IQR 6) (p<0.0001) and 96 (IQR 6) (p<0.0001), respectively. In the 18 children who were >or=6 years of age, post and knowledge retention questionnaire scores were 90 (IQR 16) and 92 (IQR 23) (p=0.44), respectively. The TTR for all children was 81.7% (SD 13.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of KIDCLOT-POC program appears to promote high knowledge development and retention in children and caregivers and high TTR with no adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada. mary.bauman@capitalhealth.ca
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuhle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Legge
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callen-Wicks
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bajzar
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Massicotte
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin