title: The complete mitochondrial genome of Symphylella sp. (Myriapoda: Symphyla): Extensive gene order rearrangement and evidence in favor of Progoneata.
abstract: We determined the complete 14,667bp mitochondrial DNA sequence of Symphylella sp., the first representative of the Scolopendrellidae (Arthropoda: Myriapoda: Symphyla). With respect to the ancestral arthropod mitochondrial gene order, two protein-coding genes, the rRNAs and 10 of the tRNAs appear to be rearranged. This rearrangement is novel in the arthropods and genes with identical transcriptional polarity are clustered except for trnE, trnN and putative control region (CR), resembling two previously reported diplopod genomes. A duplication/loss (random and non-random)-recombination model was proposed to account for the generation of the gene order in Symphylella sp. All phylogenetic analysis yielded strong support for a clade of Symphyla plus Diplopoda, i.e., Progoneata. However, the phylogenetic position of Myriapoda within Arthropoda remains unclear. The amino acid dataset gives strong support for an affinity to Pancrustacea, while the nucleotide dataset weakly supports Myriapoda grouped with Chelicerata.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: Daxiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hongying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kaiya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002681:China; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D023061:Gene Order; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D017344:Genes, Insect; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D006737:Horseshoe Crabs / Q000235:genetics; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012343:RNA, Transfer