title: Wrong diagnosis erysipelas: hypodermitis - case series and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with an advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) often show inflammatory changes of their legs. Often erysipelas is diagnosed and systemic antibiotic therapy initiated. Frequently this approach is not successful.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the last 6 months 5 patients with an outside diagnosis of erysipelas presented to our clinic. All had a painful erythema of the medial part of one or both calves and all failed numerous antibiotic regimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients a sharply demarcated, tender indurated erythema of the medial part of one or both calves was seen. Inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever and other systemic signs and symptoms were absent. In 4 of 5 patients normal laboratory inflammatory parameters were normal. We diagnosed hypodermitis in all. They were treated with compression therapy and topical corticosteroids. In addition, their underlying CVI was addressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dermatosclerosis is often seen in patients with advanced CVI. An acute inflammatory phase (hypodermitis) and a chronic phase of the disease can be differentiated. The acute hypodermitis can imitate erysipelas clinically, with systemic signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory evidence of inflammation generally being absent.
authors.affiliation: Vein Center of the Departments of Dermatology and Vascular Surgery of the Ruhr University Bochum, St. Maria-Hilf Hospital,Hiltroper Landwehr 11-13,Bochum D-44805, Germany. s.reich@elis-stiftung.de
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reich-Schupke
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreuter
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Altmeyer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stücker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004886:Erysipelas / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis