title: Modified sham feeding of sweet solutions in women with and without bulimia nervosa.
abstract: Although it is possible that binge eating in humans is due to increased responsiveness of orosensory excitatory controls of eating, there is no direct evidence for this because food ingested during a test meal stimulates both orosensory excitatory and postingestive inhibitory controls. To overcome this problem, we adapted the modified sham feeding technique (MSF) to measure the orosensory excitatory control of intake of a series of sweetened solutions. Previously published data showed the feasibility of a "sip-and-spit" procedure in nine healthy control women using solutions flavored with cherry Kool Aid and sweetened with sucrose (0-20%). The current study extended this technique to measure the intake of artificially sweetened solutions in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and in women with no history of eating disorders. Ten healthy women and 11 women with BN were randomly presented with cherry Kool Aid solutions sweetened with five concentrations of aspartame (0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.08 and 0.28%) in a closed opaque container fitted with a straw. They were instructed to sip as much as they wanted of the solution during 1-minute trials and to spit the fluid out into another opaque container. Across all subjects, presence of sweetener increased intake (p<0.001). Women with BN sipped 40.5-53.1% more of all solutions than controls (p=0.03 for total intake across all solutions). Self-report ratings of liking, wanting and sweetness of solutions did not differ between groups. These results support the feasibility of a MSF procedure using artificially sweetened solutions, and the hypothesis that the orosensory stimulation of MSF provokes larger intake in women with BN than controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA. dk2127@columbia.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schebendach
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001218:Aspartame / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013549:Sweetening Agents; D001218:Aspartame
references.citation: Behav Neurosci. 2008 Feb;122(1):161-73
references.pmid: 18298259
references.citation: Appetite. 2000 Apr;34(2):206-13
references.pmid: 10744911
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 1988 Jun;83(6):640-2
references.pmid: 3376919
references.citation: Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2003 Feb;2(1):1-9
references.pmid: 12769807
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 1994 Nov;56(5):969-73
references.pmid: 7824599
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2006 Jul 29;361(1471):1137-48
references.pmid: 16815797
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1986 Feb;90(2):428-33
references.pmid: 3940915
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996;20(1):41-6
references.pmid: 8622828
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 Aug;199(3):313-29
references.pmid: 18317734
references.citation: Eat Behav. 2004 Jul;5(3):231-9
references.pmid: 15135335
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jan;286(1):R31-7
references.pmid: 12933362
references.citation: Int J Eat Disord. 2006 May;39(4):341-5
references.pmid: 16523474
references.citation: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996;20(1):1-25
references.pmid: 8622814
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2007 Oct 22;92(3):479-86
references.pmid: 17540414
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2006 Apr 15;87(4):773-80
references.pmid: 16540131
references.citation: Eat Behav. 2006 Nov;7(4):291-9
references.pmid: 17056404
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2006 Sep 30;89(2):281-6
references.pmid: 16875704
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):12-22
references.pmid: 18175732
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1977 Aug;60(2):435-41
references.pmid: 874101
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 1987;41(6):621-6
references.pmid: 3441532
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;62(7):916-22
references.pmid: 17622263
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2004 Apr;81(2):179-209
references.pmid: 15159167
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2006 Mar 30;87(3):602-6
references.pmid: 16434068
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Nov 30;855:816-9
references.pmid: 9929692