Localization and regulation of dopamine receptor D4 expression in the adult and developing rat retina.
Levels of dopamine and melatonin exhibit diurnal rhythms in the rat retina. Dopamine is high during daytime adapting the retina to light, whereas melatonin is high during nighttime participating in the adaptation of the retina to low light intensities. Dopamine inhibits the synthesis of melatonin in the photoreceptors via Drd4 receptors located on the cell membrane of these cells. In this study, we show by semiquantitative in situ hybridization a prominent day/night variation in Drd4 expression in the retina of the Sprague-Dawley rat with a peak during the nighttime. Drd4 expression is seen in all retinal layers but the nocturnal increase is confined to the photoreceptors. Retinal Drd4 expression is not affected by removal of the sympathetic input to the eye, but triiodothyronine treatment induces Drd4 expression in the photoreceptors. In a developmental series, we show that the expression of Drd4 is restricted to postnatal stages with a peak at postnatal day 12. The high Drd4 expression in the rat retinal photoreceptors during the night supports physiological and pharmacologic evidence that the Drd4 receptor is involved in the dopaminergic inhibition of melatonin synthesis upon light stimulation. The sharp increase of Drd4 expression at a specific postnatal time suggests that dopamine is involved in retinal development.
Klitten
Laura L
LL
Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rath
Martin F
MF
Coon
Steven L
SL
Kim
Jong-So
JS
Klein
David C
DC
Møller
Morten
M
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
C493601:Drd4 protein, rat; D005136:Eye Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
J Neurosci. 2006 Sep 6;26(36):9153-61
16957072
Neurosci Res. 2008 Feb;60(2):192-8
18067983
Science. 1996 Apr 19;272(5260):419-21
8602533
J Comp Neurol. 1990 Nov 15;301(3):461-89
1979792
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 Jun 27;252(1-2):40-5
16647807
Brain Res. 2008 Apr 8;1203:89-96
18321474
Mol Vis. 2006 Mar 30;12:215-23
16604054
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Jul;250(1):86-92
2568481
Vision Res. 1989;29(2):167-79
2800345
J Neurochem. 1996 Dec;67(6):2514-20
8931485
J Neurochem. 2006 Nov;99(4):1142-50
16981891
J Neuroendocrinol. 2003 Apr;15(4):364-9
12622835
Cell Tissue Res. 2002 Jul;309(1):139-50
12111544
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1997 Mar;355(3):365-75
9089668
Exp Eye Res. 2003 Sep;77(3):375-82
12907170
Vis Neurosci. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):573-80
17705893
Invest Ophthalmol. 1971 Jun;10(6):438-52
4325307
Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Dec;22(12):3129-36
16367779
Poult Sci. 2007 Jul;86(7):1397-405
17575188
Neuroscience. 2003;120(2):301-7
12890503
Invest Ophthalmol. 1969 Feb;8(1):60-9
5763846
Science. 1970 Sep 11;169(3950):1093-5
4915470
Vis Neurosci. 2000 Jan-Feb;17(1):63-70
10750827
Curr Biol. 2007 Sep 4;17(17):R746-51
17803920
Neurochem Int. 2006 Jan;48(1):17-23
16188347
J Neurochem. 2003 Feb;84(4):717-24
12562516
Neurochem Int. 1992 Feb;20(2):193-9
1304858
Annu Rev Neurosci. 1993;16:299-321
8460895
Brain Res. 1984 Jul 2;305(1):148-51
6744054
J Neuroendocrinol. 2002 Feb;14(2):101-8
11849369
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1991 Oct;11(5):529-60
1742771
Vis Neurosci. 1994 Sep-Oct;11(5):1013-8
7947394
Eur J Neurosci. 2008 May;27(10):2691-700
18547251
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2005 Jul;24(4):433-56
15845344
J Neurosci. 1991 Oct;11(10):2959-71
1682423
J Neurosci. 2002 Mar 15;22(6):2063-73
11896146
J Mol Neurosci. 2000 Aug;15(1):1-9
11211232
Mol Pharmacol. 1978 Nov;14(6):1212-9
32478
J Gen Physiol. 1985 Nov;86(5):671-89
2999294
Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1341-3
6828862
Cell Tissue Res. 2000 Mar;299(3):299-306
10772244
J Mol Neurosci. 2003;21(1):73-89
14500998
FASEB J. 2007 Dec;21(14):3866-71
17621597
Brain Res. 1989 Mar 13;482(1):164-8
2706474
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002 Mar;43(3):889-97
11867612
Doc Ophthalmol. 2004 Jan;108(1):17-40
15104164
J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 2):2179-85
7534345
Neurosci Lett. 1995 Oct 13;199(1):69-72
8584230
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):12093-7
1334557
Nature. 1983 Sep 8-14;305(5930):133-5
6888555
Recent Prog Horm Res. 1997;52:307-57; discussion 357-8
9238858
Brain Res. 1988 Jun 21;453(1-2):377-80
3401776
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000 Jul;279(1):R202-9
10896883
Vis Neurosci. 2004 Jul-Aug;21(4):627-35
15579225
Neurosci Lett. 2000 Jun 2;286(2):119-22
10825651
Neurochem Int. 1994 Mar;24(3):275-80
8025535
Cell Tissue Res. 1981;217(1):105-15
7018690