title: Actin filament assembly by myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate signaling is critical for dendrite branching.
abstract: Dendrites undergo extensive growth and branching at early stages, but relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Here, we show that increasing the level of myristoylated, alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a prominent substrate of protein kinase C and a phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] sequestration protein highly expressed in the brain, enhanced branching and growth of dendrites both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous MARCKS by RNA interference reduced dendritic arborization. Results from expression of different mutants indicated that membrane binding is essential for MARCKS-induced dendritic morphogenesis. Furthermore, MARCKS increased the number and length of filamentous actin-based filopodia along neurites, as well as the motility of filopodia, in a PI(4,5)P2-dependent manner. Time-lapse imaging showed that MARCKS increased frequency of filopodia initiation but did not affect filopodia longevity, suggesting that MARCKS may increase dendritic branching through its action on filopodia initiation. These findings demonstrate a critical role for MARCKS-PI(4,5)P2 signaling in regulating dendrite development.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shumin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000619710:MARCKS protein, human; C000619712:Marcks protein, rat; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000076250:Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
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