title: Hypoxia, angiogenesis, and lung cancer.
abstract: Lung cancer is responsible for more deaths than any other cancer in America. As a result, novel ways to treat it are needed to improve patient outcomes. A tumor must form new blood vessels to grow and metastasize to distant sites; this angiogenesis is mediated by factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Because it increases VEGF levels, hypoxia has been thought to be a primary trigger of angiogenesis. Tumor hypoxia and higher levels of serum markers of angiogenesis have been associated with poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, antiangiogenic compounds have been developed and tested in various solid malignancies, including NSCLC, for which bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGF, was recently approved. Combinations of antiangiogenic drugs and conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy are currently under development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3841, Durham, NC 27710, USA. rkg2@duke.edu
authors.forename: Ranjit K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Goudar
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlahovic
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2006 Feb;51(2):143-58
references.pmid: 16360975
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 14;355(24):2542-50
references.pmid: 17167137
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;13(7):1961-70
references.pmid: 17404076
references.citation: Ann Surg Oncol. 2004 Oct;11(10):928-33
references.pmid: 15383417
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2007 Dec;98(12):1825-30
references.pmid: 17892508
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep 20;25(27):4270-7
references.pmid: 17878479
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jun 1;22(11):2184-91
references.pmid: 15169807
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 May;62(2):93-104
references.pmid: 17306557
references.citation: Blood. 1999 Dec 15;94(12):4177-85
references.pmid: 10590062
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6459-65
references.pmid: 16166420
references.citation: Nat Med. 1995 Jan;1(1):27-31
references.pmid: 7584949
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 1;59(23):5863-70
references.pmid: 10606224
references.citation: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Jun;26(2):241-8
references.pmid: 17440683
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2005 Aug 22;93(4):453-7
references.pmid: 16091764
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;10(12 Pt 2):4266s-4269s
references.pmid: 15217972
references.citation: Clin Lung Cancer. 2007 May;8(6):396-8
references.pmid: 17562243
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2006 Oct;60(1):76-86
references.pmid: 16843002
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 20;25(30):4743-50
references.pmid: 17909199
references.citation: Oncologist. 2007 Oct;12(10):1183-93
references.pmid: 17962612
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 10;23(11):2544-55
references.pmid: 15753462
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2001 Feb 19;152(4):777-84
references.pmid: 11266468
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2005 Dec;41(18):2828-35
references.pmid: 16298124
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2645-50
references.pmid: 12860939
references.citation: Oncologist. 2007 Feb;12(2):191-200
references.pmid: 17296815
references.citation: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007 Aug;9(8):1237-94
references.pmid: 17571959
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 1999 Jan-Feb;19(1B):651-5
references.pmid: 10216471
references.citation: Oncogene. 2007 May 28;26(25):3691-8
references.pmid: 17530022
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2004 May 17;90(10):1877-81
references.pmid: 15138464
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1955 Dec;9(4):539-49
references.pmid: 13304213
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2002 Jan 21;86(2):244-9
references.pmid: 11870514
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 1;12(5):1507-14
references.pmid: 16533775
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Nov 20;24(33):5291-7
references.pmid: 17114663
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2007 Sep;57(3):373-80
references.pmid: 17513004
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2005 Sep;49(3):325-35
references.pmid: 15935515
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 20;24(30):4825-32
references.pmid: 17050867
references.citation: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2007 Feb;8(1):15-27
references.pmid: 17634832
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 May 10;23(14):3243-56
references.pmid: 15886312