title: Cytotoxicity and shear bond strength of four orthodontic adhesive systems.
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of four orthodontic bonding systems, Light Bond, Enlight, Concise, and Transbond, and to evaluate their shear bond strength (SBS). These orthodontic bonding materials were applied to metal brackets (Mini Diamond). Glass specimens were used as controls in all experiments. Only Concise was a chemically cured system, the other systems were light cured. The specimens were added to L-929 fibroblast cultures immediately after fabrication or after pre-incubation for 7 days. The incubation time was 72 hours and the cells were counted by flow cytometry. One hundred and fifty-seven freshly extracted human third molars were used for testing the SBS in a universal testing machine. Statistical significance was determined using analysis of variance followed by post hoc comparisons for multiple-level alpha control. Pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference only between Light Bond and Concise (P = 0.0126). The highest SBS was obtained with Light Bond (23.23 +/- 1.53 MPa) followed by Transbond (20.39 +/- 1.18 MPa) and Enlight, (20.32 +/- 1.06 MPa). Concise (17.87 +/- 1.04 MPa) showed the lowest SBS. The cytotoxicity of all light-cured systems for fresh specimens was comparable, whereas the chemically cured system, Concise, was significantly more cytotoxic. After 7 days of pre-incubation, all systems were significantly less cyotoxic than fresh specimens (P < 0.001). Brackets alone were not cytotoxic. All bonding systems showed a clinically satisfactory bond strength higher than 10 MPa, with the chemically cured system showing the lowest SBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Central Research Unit, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jonke
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Freudenthaler
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bantleon
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schedle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007739:L Cells; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000633:toxicity*; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements