title: Viewing membrane-bound molecular umbrellas by parallax analyses.
abstract: Fluorescence quenching measurements have been made for a series of di-walled and tetra-walled molecular umbrellas having moderate (i.e., hydroxyl-) and strong (i.e., sulfate-) facial hydrophilicity, using Cascade Blue as the fluorophore. Through the use of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphotempocholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-(5-DOXYL)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-(12-DOXYL)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as fluorescence quenchers, evidence has been obtained for a membrane-bound state in which the umbrella molecules lie on the surface of the lipid bilayer. In the case of the sulfated molecular umbrellas, evidence has also been obtained for a subpopulation in which the fluorophore lies deeper within the membrane. Probable structures for the shallow-lying and deep-lying molecular umbrellas are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mehiri
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Regen
mesh_terms: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010743:Phospholipids; D014867:Water; D009569:Nitric Oxide
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 5;42(30):9185-94
references.pmid: 12885253
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Aug 11;126(31):9506-7
references.pmid: 15291531
references.citation: Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 Mar;1(5):347-55
references.pmid: 12489851
references.citation: J Med Chem. 1995 Feb 17;38(4):590-4
references.pmid: 7861406
references.citation: J Med Chem. 2002 Aug 15;45(17):3612-8
references.pmid: 12166934
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Mar 1;46(1-3):3-26
references.pmid: 11259830
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1993 Oct 12;32(40):10826-31
references.pmid: 8399232
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 25;277(4):2437-43
references.pmid: 11711547
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Jan 12;127(1):22-3
references.pmid: 15631429
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Nov 16;127(45):15862-70
references.pmid: 16277529
references.citation: Chembiochem. 2005 Jan;6(1):114-22
references.pmid: 15549725
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1987 Jan 13;26(1):39-45
references.pmid: 3030403
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2002 Nov 13;124(45):13382-3
references.pmid: 12418880
references.citation: Soft Matter. 2006 Jul 20;2(8):636-641
references.pmid: 32680221
references.citation: Pharm Res. 1999 Apr;16(4):494-502
references.pmid: 10227702
references.citation: Biophys J. 2003 Aug;85(2):982-95
references.pmid: 12885645
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 2;42(47):13787-99
references.pmid: 14636045
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1992 Jul 21;31(28):6608-16
references.pmid: 1378757
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Oct 15;1375(1-2):13-22
references.pmid: 9767081
references.citation: ACS Chem Biol. 2006 Jun 20;1(5):299-303
references.pmid: 17163758
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Dec 15;126(49):15930-1
references.pmid: 15584704
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Sep 23;1374(1-2):63-76
references.pmid: 9814853
references.citation: J Pept Res. 2003 Jun;61(6):287-97
references.pmid: 12753376
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Oct 10;123(40):9926-7
references.pmid: 11583569
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2004 Mar 9;43(9):2438-44
references.pmid: 14992581
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1998 Mar 31;37(13):4603-11
references.pmid: 9521780
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Jun 13;123(23):5401-6
references.pmid: 11389618
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):50188-94
references.pmid: 14517218