Adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in children.
BACKGROUND
Low levels of adiponectin have been associated with metabolic risk factors (RF) and cardiac disease. Minimal data is available about the relationship between adiponectin and subclinical atherosclerosis.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship of adiponectin to cardiometabolic RF, C-reactive protein (CRP), anthropometric parameters of obesity, and subclinical atherosclerosis in children.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study in 103 children. We determined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting lipid profile, glycemia and insulinemia, and CRP. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD).


RESULTS
Mean age of the group was 12.4+/-1.9 years (47% girls; 20.4% prepubertal; 45 eutrophic, 23 overweight and 35 obese). Adiponectin levels were not statistically significantly different in eutrophic children versus obese+overweight: 17.7+/-5.6 and 15.9+/-5.3 microg/mL, respectively. Adiponectin levels in boys were no different from those in girls. Adiponectin correlated significantly with age, BMI, zBMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL, insulinemia, and HOMA index. No statistically significant association with adiponectin was found for CRP, FMD or IMT. After adjusting by sex, pubertal status, and degree of obesity, the adiponectin levels associated significantly with HDL cholesterol and the HOMA index (r(2)=0.34, p<0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with anthropometric parameters of obesity and insulin resistance and directly correlated with HDL levels. However, no relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis was demonstrated in this study.
Arnaiz
Pilar
P
Departamento de Pediatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Acevedo
Mónica
M
Barja
Salesa
S
Aglony
Marlene
M
Guzmán
Beatriz
B
Cassis
Berta
B
Carvajal
Jacqueline
J
Moreno
Manuel
M
Navarrete
Carlos
C
Berríos
Ximena
X
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055105:Waist Circumference
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein