Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transfection to human periosteal cells enhances osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
Periosteum has been demonstrated to contain mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiating to osteoblasts, and both bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may play important roles in cell-based approaches to bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of BMP-2 and/or VEGF on periosteal cell differentiation to osteoblasts in vitro and ectopic bone formation in vivo. Human periosteum-derived cells were transfected with BMP-2, VEGF, BMP-2 + VEGF, or vehicle as a control by non-viral gene transfer and then cultured and implanted to nude mice intramuscularly. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the culture revealed that transgenes for BMP-2 and BMP-2 + VEGF induced more mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, and osteocalcin than VEGF and vehicle treatments; additionally, alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly higher in the BMP-2 + VEGF transgene than in the other versions. After implantation, ectopic bone was observed at 4 weeks and greatly increased at 8 weeks in all groups. In particular, the combination of BMP-2 and VEGF formed significantly more bone at 4 weeks, and VEGF transfection resulted in more blood vessels relative to the conditions without VEGF. Thus, VEGF might enhance BMP2-induced bone formation through modulation of angiogenesis.
Samee
Mayurach
M
Section of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. mayu.irm@tmd.ac.jp
Kasugai
Shohei
S
Kondo
Hisatomo
H
Ohya
Keiichi
K
Shimokawa
Hitoyata
H
Kuroda
Shinji
S
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002469:Cell Separation; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004247:DNA; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase