title: The myth of the normal, average human brain--the ICBM experience: (1) subject screening and eligibility.
abstract: In the course of developing an atlas and reference system for the normal human brain throughout the human age span from structural and functional brain imaging data, the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) developed a set of "normal" criteria for subject inclusion and the associated exclusion criteria. The approach was to minimize inclusion of subjects with any medical disorders that could affect brain structure or function. In the past two years, a group of 1685 potential subjects responded to solicitation advertisements at one of the consortium sites (UCLA). Subjects were screened by a detailed telephone interview and then had an in-person history and physical examination. Of those who responded to the advertisement and considered themselves to be normal, only 31.6% (532 subjects) passed the telephone screening process. Of the 348 individuals who submitted to in-person history and physical examinations, only 51.7% passed these screening procedures. Thus, only 10.7% of those individuals who responded to the original advertisement qualified for imaging. The most frequent cause for exclusion in the second phase of subject screening was high blood pressure followed by abnormal signs on neurological examination. It is concluded that the majority of individuals who consider themselves normal by self-report are found not to be so by detailed historical interviews about underlying medical conditions and by thorough medical and neurological examinations. Recommendations are made with regard to the inclusion of subjects in brain imaging studies and the criteria used to select them.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. mazz@loni.ucla.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mazziotta
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacoboni
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sicotte
authors.forename: Kami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yaden
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Toga
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018579:Patient Selection; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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