Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: roles of fatty acid metabolism and exercise.
The purpose of this review is to provide information about the role of exercise in the prevention of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, that is, the inability of insulin to properly cause glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance is associated with high levels of stored lipids in skeletal muscle cells. Aerobic exercise training decreases the amounts of these lipid products and increases the lipid oxidative capacity of muscle cells. Thus, aerobic exercise training may prevent insulin resistance by correcting a mismatch between fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Additionally, a single session of aerobic exercise increases glucose uptake by muscle during exercise, increases the ability of insulin to promote glucose uptake, and increases glycogen accumulation after exercise, all of which are important to blood glucose control. There also is some indication that resistance exercise may be effective in preventing insulin resistance. The information provided is intended to help clinicians understand and explain the roles of exercise in reducing insulin resistance.
Turcotte
Lorraine P
LP
Department of Kinesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Fisher
Jonathan S
JS
D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
D018955:CD36 Antigens; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose
J Clin Invest. 2005 Jul;115(7):1934-41
16007256
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Sep;279(3):E554-60
10950822
J Physiol. 1993 Sep;469:459-78
8271208
FASEB J. 2004 Jul;18(10):1144-6
15132977
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Jan;292(1):C564-72
16870829
Diabetes Care. 2007 Jan;30 Suppl 1:S4-S41
17192377
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5444-51
14602787
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Jul;93(1):384-92
12070228
Exp Physiol. 2004 Jan;89(1):119-27
15109217
Diabetologia. 2004 Jan;47(1):23-30
14673522
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Nov;287(5):E857-62
15226098
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;292(4):E1231-7
17179390
J Clin Invest. 1971 Dec;50(12):2715-25
5129319
Diabetes. 2002 Jun;51(6):1722-8
12031958
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Jul;89(1):176-81
10904050
Cellscience. 2006 Jan 28;2(3):68-81
18049717
Diabetes. 2000 Apr;49(4):527-31
10871188
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Oct;97(4):1209-18
15155715
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;92(4):1467-73
17244782
Biochem J. 2004 Sep 1;382(Pt 2):619-29
15193147
Diabetes. 1997 Jun;46(6):983-8
9166669
Diabetes. 2007 Aug;56(8):2142-7
17536063
Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;88(11):1297-321
18801852
Diabetes. 2007 Aug;56(8):2078-84
17513706
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Jul;31(7):998-1004
10416561
Metabolism. 2004 Mar;53(3):284-9
15015138
Diabetologia. 2006 Sep;49(9):2144-52
16868746
Diabetes. 1999 May;48(5):1192-7
10331428
Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 1):E791-9
1319676
Biochem J. 1996 Aug 1;317 ( Pt 3):791-5
8760364
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;291(3):E675-82
16684853
Nature. 1966 Apr 16;210(5033):309-10
5954569
Diabetologia. 2007 Nov;50(11):2366-73
17724577
Diabetes. 2007 Feb;56(2):414-23
17259386
N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 22;341(4):240-6
10413736
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;288(4):E782-8
15585585
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006 May;61(5):480-7
16720745
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Aug;39(8):1423-34
17762377
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Oct;35(10):1703-9
14523308
J Clin Invest. 2000 Jul;106(2):165-9
10903329
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;290(3):E509-15
16219667
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Feb;294(2):E401-7
18042670
Am J Physiol. 1981 May;240(5):E458-64
7015876
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;282(1):E18-23
11739078
Horm Metab Res. 1998 Jan;30(1):37-41
9503037
Metabolism. 2005 Sep;54(9):1218-24
16125533
Diabetes. 1998 Aug;47(8):1369-73
9703344
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;291(2):E254-60
16670153
Diabetes. 2005 Nov;54(11):3148-53
16249438
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1999 Jul;87(1):285-93
10409586
Pflugers Arch. 2006 Feb;451(5):606-16
16155759
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Sep;101(3):934-7
16763099
Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;88(11):1355-64
18801854
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 May;90(5):1663-70
11299253
J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 13;279(33):34380-7
15187085
J Physiol. 2006 Feb 15;571(Pt 1):201-10
16357012
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;291(1):E99-E107
16464906
J Clin Invest. 2007 Jun;117(6):1690-8
17510709
Diabetologia. 2007 Jan;50(1):113-20
17093944
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Apr;102(4):1439-47
17170203
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 Jul;69(1):299-304
2203726
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan;288(1):E133-42
15383373
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007 Aug;100(6):711-7
17624545
Diabetes. 2005 Jan;54(1):8-14
15616005
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92(11):4230-5
17698905
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;288(4):E818-25
15585590
Am J Physiol. 1988 Mar;254(3 Pt 1):E248-59
3126668
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91(12):5107-12
16968804
Diabetes Care. 1998 Aug;21(8):1353-5
9702447
Acta Physiol Scand. 2005 Jun;184(2):131-9
15916673
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Jul;93(1):369-83
12070227
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;88(4):1785-91
12679474
Am J Physiol. 1998 Nov;275(5 Pt 1):E853-63
9815006
Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;88(11):1345-54
18801851
Am J Physiol. 1997 Jul;273(1 Pt 1):E149-55
9252491
Physiol Genomics. 2004 Mar 12;17(1):31-7
14694205
J Clin Invest. 1996 Nov 15;98(10):2244-50
8941640
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(12):4489-91
2734301
Mol Cell. 2001 May;7(5):1085-94
11389854
J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1070-9
14573616
J Clin Invest. 1981 Dec;68(6):1468-74
7033285
Arch Physiol Biochem. 2007 Feb;113(1):13-24
17522981
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2005 Jul;33(3):150-4
16006823
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;279(5):E1039-44
11052958
Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;88(11):1265-78
18801855
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 2;100(18):10207-12
12920182
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;287(6):E1076-81
15280153
J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37099-111
12842871
J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 15;277(11):8854-60
11729182
Am J Physiol. 1998 Jan;274(1 Pt 1):E155-61
9458761
Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1608-14
17369524
Diabetologia. 2007 May;50(5):913-21
17342472
Diabetes. 1997 Apr;46(4):541-7
9075792
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Apr;284(4):E741-7
12626325
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Jun;72(6):2197-202
1629073
Nature. 2001 Dec 13;414(6865):799-806
11742412
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Sep 20;827:221-30
9329757
J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 25;280(47):39033-41
16186119
Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Feb;121(2):101-7
14740222
Diabetes. 2007 May;56(5):1376-81
17287462
Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1592-9
17351150
N Engl J Med. 1996 Oct 31;335(18):1357-62
8857019
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1989 Feb;66(2):876-85
2496078
Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2613-6
11283375
Diabetologia. 2007 Nov;50(11):2245-53
17763840
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Apr;3(4):340-51
15060529
Diabetes. 2002 Oct;51(10):2959-63
12351433
Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep;265(3 Pt 1):E380-91
8214047
Biochem J. 1983 Jul 15;214(1):21-8
6615466
J Biol Chem. 2000 May 12;275(19):14501-8
10799533
J Clin Invest. 1975 Jun;55(6):1303-14
1133176
J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 2;276(44):40567-73
11504711
J Physiol. 2001 Oct 1;536(Pt 1):295-304
11579177
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;292(6):E1740-9
17264223
J Clin Invest. 2002 Dec;110(11):1687-93
12464674
Diabetes. 2001 Jan;50(1):123-30
11147777
J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3587-93
16284649
Diabetes. 2002 Oct;51(10):2944-50
12351431
Am J Physiol. 1989 Apr;256(4 Pt 1):E494-9
2650561
Diabetes. 1987 Apr;36(4):434-9
3102297
Diabetes. 2001 Nov;50(11):2548-54
11679433
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2008 Jan;192(1):127-35
18171435
J Clin Invest. 1983 Nov;72(5):1605-10
6415114
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2002 Jun;967:196-207
12079848
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Mar;92(3):1300-9
11842071
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Nov;85(5):1909-14
9804598
Diabetologia. 2004 Aug;47(8):1452-61
15309295
Endocrinology. 2000 Jun;141(6):1917-21
10830270
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005 May;94(1-2):180-7
15761746
Diabetologia. 2007 Feb;50(2):404-13
17149589
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001 Mar;90(3):1007-12
11181612
Am J Physiol. 1999 Mar;276(3 Pt 1):E427-34
10070006
N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 25;322(4):223-8
2403659
Diabetes. 2002 Jul;51(7):2005-11
12086926
J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 27;279(35):36235-41
15161924
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Nov 15;419(2):101-9
14592453
J Clin Invest. 1982 Apr;69(4):785-93
6804492
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;441:193-205
9781326
Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun;7(3):123-7
2942497
Diabetes. 2003 May;52(5):1066-72
12716734
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;291(1):E90-8
16449296
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;291(6):E1258-63
16835397
Am J Physiol. 1992 Dec;263(6 Pt 1):E1134-43
1476187
Eur J Biochem. 1995 Apr 15;229(2):558-65
7744080
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;283(1):E66-72
12067844
N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403
11832527
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Aug;279(2):E348-55
10913035
Metabolism. 2000 Jan;49(1):122-8
10647075
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;290(6):E1296-303
16434556
J Clin Invest. 2000 Feb;105(3):311-20
10675357
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Mar;292(3):R1271-8
17095651
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 May;84(5):1788-94
9572831
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jun;292(6):E1782-9
17311893
Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):987-94
18252894
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Feb 13;231(2):463-5
9070301
Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2004 Jul;32(3):90-4
15243203
Diabetes. 2000 Mar;49(3):325-31
10868952
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Dec;86(12):5755-61
11739435
Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 1):E106-17
9886956
Diabetes. 2005 Jan;54(1):41-50
15616009
Am J Physiol. 1995 Sep;269(3 Pt 1):E583-90
7573437
J Physiol. 1996 Aug 1;494 ( Pt 3):891-8
8865083
J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 20;281(42):31478-85
16935857
Front Biosci. 1998 Sep 15;3:D1011-27
9740552
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1990 May;68(5):2067-74
2193907
J Physiol. 2001 Sep 1;535(Pt 2):313-22
11533125
Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Aug;178(4):373-83
12864742
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Jan;100(1):142-9
16141382
Diabetes. 2000 May;49(5):677-83
10905472
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Jul;83(1):166-71
9216960
Phys Ther. 2008 Nov;88(11):1336-44
18801853
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;282(2):E491-5
11788383
Am J Physiol. 1997 Dec;273(6 Pt 1):E1107-12
9435525
Diabetes. 2000 Dec;49(12):2102-7
11118013
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 16;296(2):395-400
12163031
J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32523-9
10913136
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Sep;99(3):877-83
15860681
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Jul;99(1):338-43
16036907
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Jul;287(1):R218-27
15001432
Diabetes. 2001 Jun;50(6):1389-96
11375340