title: Bioactive lipopeptides of ice-nucleating snow bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain 31R1.
abstract: The production of secondary metabolite lipopeptides by ice-nucleating Pseudomonas syringae strain 31R1 was investigated. Pseudomonas syringae strain 31R1 is a rifampicin-resistant derivative of P. syringae no. 31 used for the commercial production of snow. It is shown that P. syringae strain 31R1 produces antifungal lipodepsipeptides, syringomycins E and G, and, in addition, a novel and unique lipopeptide, peptin31. Spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses revealed that peptin31 is a linear undecalipopeptide with sequence identities to N- and C-terminal portions but lacking 11 amino acids of known lipodepsipeptide syringopeptin SPPhv. Peptin31 displayed antifungal activities against Rhodotorula pilimanae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Trichoderma harzianum and also hemolytic and antibacterial activities. Extracts of P. syringae strain 31R1 grown in medium with chloride were fungicidal, but not when grown without chloride. The latter extracts lacked peptin 31 and contained des-chloro forms of syringomycins E and G with low antifungal activities. Thus, the three lipopeptides account for the fungicidal properties of P. syringae 31R1 extracts. The occurrence of these bioactive metabolites should be considered when P. syringae no. 31 and its derivatives are used in products for making artificial snow.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Università di Napoli, Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mannina
authors.forename: Anatoli P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sobolev
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scaloni
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grgurina
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fullone
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swasey
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
authors.forename: Jon Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Takemoto
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006461:Hemolysis; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects*; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000187:drug effects*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins