title: Caudate nucleus volumes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: differential atrophy in subtypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Frontostriatal circuits involving the caudate nucleus have been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We assessed caudate nucleus volumetrics in FTLD and subtypes: frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 12), semantic dementia (SD, n = 13), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA, n = 9) in comparison with healthy controls (n = 27) and subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 19).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnoses were based on accepted clinical criteria. Manual volume measurement of the head and body of the caudate, excluding the tail, was conducted on T1-weighted brain MR imaging scans, using a published protocol, by a single analyst blinded to the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired t tests (P < .05) showed that the right caudate nucleus volume was significantly larger than the left in controls and PNFA. No hemispheric asymmetry was found in AD, FTD, and SD. Across the groups, there was a positive partial correlation between the left caudate nucleus volume and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = 0.393, n = 76, P = .001) with higher left caudate volumes associated with higher MMSE scores. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess the statistical significance between the subject groups (AD, FTD, SD, PNFA, and controls) as independent variables and raw right/left caudate volumes at the within-subject level (covariates: age and intracranial volume; P < .05). Control volume was largest, followed by AD (93% of control volume), SD (92%), PNFA (79%), and FTD (75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volume of the head and body of the caudate nucleus differs in subtypes of FTLD, due to differential frontostriatal dysfunction in subtypes being reflected in structural change in the caudate, and is correlated with cognition.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Psychological Medicine, Research Centre for Neurosciences of Ageing, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia. Jeffrey.looi@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: J C L
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Zandbelt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ostberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Botes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: L-O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Wahlund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
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