title: Effects of distinctive encoding on source-based false recognition: further examination of recall-to-reject processes in aging and Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the use of distinctive materials at encoding on recall-to-reject monitoring processes in aging and Alzheimer disease (AD).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  AD patients, and to a lesser extent older adults, have shown an impaired ability to use recollection-based monitoring processes (eg, recall-to-reject) to avoid various types of false memories, such as source-based false recognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Younger adults, healthy older adults, and AD patients engaged in an incidental learning task, in which critical category exemplars were either accompanied by a distinctive picture or were presented as only words. Later, participants studied a series of categorized lists in which several typical exemplars were omitted and were then given a source memory test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both older and younger adults made more accurate source attributions after picture encoding compared with word-only encoding, whereas AD patients did not exhibit this distinctiveness effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results extend those of previous studies showing that monitoring in older adults can be enhanced with distinctive encoding, and suggest that such monitoring processes in AD patients many be insensitive to distinctiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429-3011, USA. benton_pierce@tamu-commerce.edu
authors.forename: Benton H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Jill D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Waring
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schacter
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Budson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
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