title: The role of high-mobility group box-1 in renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and the effect of ethyl pyruvate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High mobility group box-1(HMGB1) was identified as a DNA-binding protein that functions as a cofactor for proper transcriptional regulation in somatic cells. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a potent proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse inflammatory and infectious disorders. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a stable aliphatic ester derived from pyruvic acid, was first described as a pharmacological inhibitor of HMGB1 secretion. We designed this study to identify changes in HMGB1 expression in rat kidney tissues after ischemia reperfusion injury and effects of EP on the expression of HMGB1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g) were subjected to 40 minutes of renal warm ischemia. The animals were divided into 3 groups: sham group without warm ischemia, EP group (EP given before ischemia), and ischemic control group. Kidneys were harvested and serum creatinine and TNF-alpha measured at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after reperfusion. We performed immunohistochemical staining of HMGB1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum creatinine and TNF-alpha level were elevated in the ischemic control group and the EP injection group. In the EP injection group, serum creatinine and TNF-alpha levels were lower than the ischemic control group. In the 40-minute ischemia-reperfusion model, HMGB1 expression increased at 6 hours after reperfusion and decreased gradually at 1, 3, and 5 days after reperfusion. HMGB1 expression was more distinct at the outer medullary area. intraperitoneal EP injection had no effect on HMGB1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From these results, we deduced that the preventive effect of EP on rat kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury was not due to the decreased expression of HMGB1 but the prevention of HMGB1 release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea. kuyong@ewha.ac.kr
authors.forename: K-Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J-J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D011773:Pyruvates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C046522:ethyl pyruvate; D003404:Creatinine