title: Persistence of imidacloprid on grape leaves, grape berries and soil.
abstract: Residues of imidacloprid were estimated in grape leaves, grape berries and soil following four applications of Confidor 200SL at 400 and 800 mL ha(-1) using 1,000 L water. The average initial deposits of imidacloprid on grape leaves were found to be 10.01 and 16.97 mg kg(-1) at single and double dosages, respectively. These residues of imidacloprid dissipated to be the extract of 98.8% and 97.0%, respectively, at single and double dosages in 15 days, with half-life period of 2.35 and 2.97 days. Residues of imidacloprid in grape berries at harvest time were observed to below determination limit of 0.05 mg kg(-1) at single dose and 0.06 mg kg(-1) at double dose. However, acceptable daily intake (ADI) of imidacloprid is 0.06 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), which means an adult of 60 kg and a child of 10 kg can safely tolerate intake of 3,600 and 600 microg imidacloprid, respectively, without any appreciable risk to their life. Assuming consumption of 200 g grape berries contaminated at 0.06 mg kg(-1), it will lead to an intake of only 12 microg of imidacloprid, which is quite safe for a child as well as for an adult. Hence, the use of imidacloprid on grape crop seems to be toxicologically acceptable.
authors.affiliation: P.A.U. Regional Research Station, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Parshotam Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jyot
authors.forename: Baljeet
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Raminderjit Singh
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Battu
authors.forename: Balwinder
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Pushpinder Singh
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Aulakh
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C082359:imidacloprid