title: [Prevalence and cervical human papilloma virus associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nevertheless its association with cervicouterine cancer, there is no information about cervical human papillomavirus infection prevalence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate human papillomavirus infection prevalence through molecular biology tests, and to analyze this infection related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytic, transversal study to 250 patients: 61 women with rheumatoid arthritis selected from a rheumatologic external consult of a second level hospital, and 189 healthy women, with cervical cytology, of a first level hospital. They were polled to find infection risk factors. They were exfoliated to get cervix cells to extract its DNA and detect human papillomavirus (chain reaction of polymerase with specific consensus markers), and identification of restriction enzyme in high and low risks viruses. Prevalence was calculated, and adjusted factors analysis was performed through logistic regression with odds ratio and confidence intervals of 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of papillomavirus infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 30%, and in control group was 24%, with an odds ratio of 0.8 (CI 95% 0.42-1.6, p = 0.5). Ninety-four percent of the most frequent viral types in women with rheumatoid arthritis were high risk (mainly types 16, 58, and 18). Factors associated with higher human papillomavirus adjusted to rheumatoid arthritis were: more than one sexual partner (OR = 5.8 CI 95% 1.1-31.1, p = 0.04), more than one sexual intercourse weekly (OR = 6.7, CI 95% 0.9-51.6, p = 0.06), circumcised sexual partner (OR = 9.0, CI 95% 1.2-64.4, p = 0.02). Patients and controls had same values of marital status. Seventy-four percent of controls worked, compared to 44% of women with rheumatoid arthritis (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One out of three women with rheumatoid arthritis has human papillomavirus infection and 94% has the high-risk viral type. Infection associated factors mainly includes sexual partner ones; due to high risk of cervical dysplasia, it is necessary the early detection of the infection and surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. dra_wendolinerojo@yahoo.com.mx
authors.forename: Wendoline
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rojo Contreras
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Montoya Fuentes
authors.forename: Jorge I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gámez Nava
authors.forename: Angel E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Suárez Rincón
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez Salcedo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Padilla Rosas
authors.forename: Luz M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Baltazar Rodríguez
authors.forename: Xochitl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez Flores
authors.forename: Benjamín
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trujillo Hernández
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*