title: Dosing time-dependent effect of raloxifene on plasma fibrinogen concentration in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: The chronopharmacological effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, was evaluated by repeated dosing of ovariectomized rats. Bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation was performed at age 12 wks, and animals were kept in rooms with a 12 h light-12 h dark cycle. Raloxifene (3 mg/kg, once daily for 10 wks) or vehicle was given repeatedly at either 2 h after lights-on (2 HALO) or 14 h after lights-on (14 HALO). Plasma fibrinogen concentration at the end of the study was reduced by the drug, and the reduction was significantly prominent in rats in whom the drug was dosed at 2 HALO rather than 14 HALO. Femur bone density decreased, and urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline, an index of bone resorption capacity of osteoclasts, increased in ovariectomized animals at the end of the study. Treatment with raloxifene ameliorated these changes in a dosing time-independent manner. Serum calcium, ALT, and total protein concentrations at the end of the study also did not differ according to treatment regime, which indicates that protein synthesis and liver function may not contribute to the effects. This is the first study to determine dosing time-dependent changes in the efficacy of raloxifene in an animal model of osteoporosis. Because fibrinogen concentration is reported to be a marker of cardiovascular events, consideration of dosing time of raloxifene may be important to obtain a better cardioprotective effect of this medication when it is prescribed to postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan. tsuru@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.forename: Gohki
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Akimitsu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008027:Light; D010052:Ovariectomy; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002118:Calcium