title: Effect of dietary flaxseed on serum levels of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal women.
abstract: Flaxseed is a rich source of dietary lignans. Experimental studies suggest lignans may exert breast cancer preventive effects through hormonal mechanisms. Our aim was to study the effects of flaxseed on serum sex hormones implicated in the development of breast cancer. Forty-eight postmenopausal women participated in a 12-wk preintervention-postintervention study. Participants consumed 7.5 g/day of ground flaxseed for the first 6 wk and 15.0 grams/day for an additional 6 wk. Nonsignificant declines were noted over the 12 wk (95% confidence intervals) for estradiol (pg/ml), estrone (pg/ml), and testosterone (pg/ml): -4.4 (-12.6 to 3.9), -3.3 (-7.7 to 1.2), -4.7 (-17.8 to 8.5), respectively. Changes tended to be more pronounced in overweight/obese women, particularly for estrone (-6.5, -11.9 to -1.2; P = .02). Our results suggest that dietary flaxseed may modestly lower serum levels of sex steroid hormones, especially in overweight/obese women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9304, USA. ssturgeon@schoolph.umass.edu
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sturgeon
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Heersink
authors.forename: Stella L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bertone-Johnson
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabelawski
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wahala
authors.forename: Mindy S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kurzer
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bigelow
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D019597:Flax; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens