title: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a novel long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, CJC-1131, in healthy and diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary pharmacodynamics of single rising doses of a novel GLP-1 analog, CJC-1131, was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  CJC-1131 was subcutaneously injected in 8 groups (1.5 - 20.5 microg/kg) of healthy subjects (each group of six subjects included 1 placebo per dose level). CJC-1131 was also injected subcutaneously in 6 groups (1.5 - 12 microg/kg) of Type 2 diabetic patients after a 9-day washout period from their own anti-diabetic medication. Each group of 8 patients included 2 placebo-treated patients. Seven blood glucose measurements were taken daily, and meal tolerance tests were performed on the day before dosing and on Day 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CJC-1131 was quickly absorbed from the subcutaneous space, and a less than dose-proportional increase was found in Cmax. The half-life of CJC-1131 varied from 8.9 - 14.7 days in healthy subjects and from 9.1 - 13.8 days in patients. The maximum tolerated dose in healthy subjects was established at 12 microg/kg with nausea and vomiting being the dose-limiting events. These events occurred generally in the morning after dosing. Blood glucose levels in patients decreased on Day 1 in proportion with dose, with a maximum average decrease of 4.1 mmol/l in the highest dose group. Higher doses appeared to be related to a slight weight loss in patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjugation to albumin led to a major prolongation of the half-life of GLP-1. The tolerability of this potential antidiabetic drug seems to be limited only by gastrointestinal complaints.
authors.affiliation: 1PRA International, Zuidlaren, The Netherlands. TiessenRenger@PRAIntl.com
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tiessen
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Castaigne
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dreyfus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemansky
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kruizinga
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Vliet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008301:Maleimides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C473712:CJC 1131; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008301:Maleimides; D010455:Peptides; D012709:Serum Albumin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1