title: Chromatin-modifying enzymes as therapeutic targets--Part 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease pathogenesis may result from genetic alterations and/or a more diverse group of epigenetic changes. While events such as DNA methylation are well established, there is significant interest in nucleosome remodeling, RNA interference and histone modifications, as mechanisms that underlie epigenetic effects. While genetic mutations are permanent, epigenetic changes can be transitory. The potential to reverse epigenetic changes has led to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting chromatin-modifying enzymes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the roles of chromatin-modifying enzymes in gene regulation and to highlight their potentials as therapeutic targets.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review is based on recently published literature and online resources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper focuses on enzymes responsible for histone acetylation, deacetylation, methylation and demethylation, and their potential as targets for epigenetic therapies. A subsequent paper will do the same for enzymes responsible for histone phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and poly-ADP-ribosylation as well as ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Keppler
authors.forename: Trevor K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004798:Enzymes; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
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