title: Parachuting cats and crushed eggs the controversy over the use of DDT to control malaria.
abstract: The use of DDT to control malaria has been a contentious practice for decades. This controversy centers on concerns over the ecological harm caused by DDT relative to the gains in public health from its use to prevent malaria. Given the World Health Organization's recent policy decisions concerning the use of DDT to control malaria, it is worth reviewing the historical context of DDT use. Ecological concerns focused on evidence that DDT ingestion by predatory birds resulted in eggs with shells so thin they were crushed by adult birds. In addition, DDT spraying to control malaria allegedly resulted in cats being poisoned in some areas, which led to increased rodent populations and, in turn, the parachuting of cats into the highlands of the island of Borneo to kill the rodents, a story that influenced the decision to ban DDT spraying. I focus on this story with the intention of grounding the current debate on lessons from the past.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. patrick-oshaughnessy@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Patrick T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: O'Shaughnessy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology; D001717:Birds; D001893:Borneo / Q000453:epidemiology; D002415:Cats; D003634:DDT / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000266:history* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000266:history*; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT; D004026:Dieldrin
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