title: Abnormal endothelium-dependent microvascular dilator reactivity in pregnancies complicated by normotensive intrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Normotensive intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia share a similar placenta pathophysiology, whereas maternal clinical manifestations differ. Clinical symptoms of preeclampsia are partly attributed to vascular endothelial dysfunction, but it is unclear whether this phenomenon plays a role in intrauterine growth restriction. Therefore, we investigated microvascular endothelial function in women with intrauterine growth restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser Doppler fluxmetry was used combined with iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, namely, endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators. We studied 12 women with intrauterine growth restriction and 16 controls in the third trimester of pregnancy. All women had prepregnancy body mass indexes < 26.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetylcholine-mediated vasodilatation was significantly increased in women with intrauterine growth restriction compared with controls (743% +/- 120% vs 390% +/- 67%, P = .01); sodium nitroprusside-mediated vasodilatation was not different (360% +/- 55% vs 363% +/- 65%, P > .99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonobese women with normotensive intrauterine growth restriction show abnormal endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilatation, suggesting endothelial dysfunction as in preeclampsia. Obviously, for the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia additional factors are required, and a role of metabolic syndrome and obesity has been suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blaauw
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: van Pampus
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rakhorst
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Aarnoudse
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000109:Acetylcholine