title: Sinomenine ameliorates arthritis via MMPs, TIMPs, and cytokines in rats.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that results in progressive joint destruction and substantial morbidity. The stem of the Chinese medicinal plant, Sinomenium acutum Rehder & Wilson (Family Menispermaceae), has been used to treat various rheumatic and arthritic diseases, of which the major bioactive component is sinomenine. We investigated the nature and molecular mechanisms of the anti-arthritic effect of sinomenine on collagen-induced arthritis in female Wistar rats. The results showed that sinomenine markedly suppressed the incidence and disease progression of established CIA, showing as dramatic reduction of paw swelling, ESR, and arthritic scores. Sinomenine suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 in serum, inhibited the protein expressions and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and elevated the protein expressions and activities of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 in rat paw tissues.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuen Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009019:Morphinans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009019:Morphinans; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C009271:sinomenine; C522363:Mmp2 protein, rat