title: Second trimester maternal serum ADAM12 levels in Down's syndrome pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the utility of maternal serum ADAM12 as a Down's syndrome marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from 71 Down's syndrome affected pregnancies were retrieved from - 20 degrees C storage together with 710 controls matched for gestation and storage time. ADAM12 was measured prior to identification of the affected pregnancies, and expressed in multiples of the gestation-specific median (MoM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median ADAM12 level in the affected pregnancies was 1.36 MoM with a 10th-90th centile range of 0.90-1.94 MoM compared with 1.01 and 0.65-1.52 MoM in the unaffected control pregnancies (P = < 0.0001, two-side Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test). The Mahalanobis distance between the medians was 0.96 compared with 0.92, 1.18, 1.07 and 1.24 for alpha-fetoprotein, intact human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), unconjugated estriol and inhibin-A respectively in the same samples. In unaffected pregnancies there were highly statistically significant correlations between ADAM12 and each of the other markers; in the affected pregnancies the only significant correlations were with hCG (P< or =0.0001) and inhibin-A (P< or =0.05). Statistical modelling predicted that ADAM12 as a fifth marker could increase the detection rate by 2-3% or reduce the false-positive rate by 0.9-1.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADAM12 is a second trimester marker of Down's syndrome, with discriminatory power similar to existing markers. It could be considered in multi-marker combinations.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donalson
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wastell
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cuckle
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second / Q000097:blood*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C422362:inhibin A; D007265:Inhibins; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000072199:ADAM12 Protein; C000606480:ADAM12 protein, human; D004964:Estriol