title: Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)-polymethacrylate nanoparticles for intramuscular delivery of plasmid encoding interleukin-10 to prevent autoimmune diabetes in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the efficiency of cationic nanoparticles prepared by blending poly (lactide-co-glycolide; PLGA) and methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit(R) E100) to deliver a therapeutic gene encoding mouse interleukin-10, in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nanoparticles prepared with PLGA and E100 were evaluated for delivery of plasmid DNA encoding mouse interleukin-10 in vitro and in vivo in mice upon intramuscular injection. Blood-glucose, serum interferon-gamma levels and histology of pancreas were studied to determine therapeutic efficacy. Histological evaluation of skeletal muscle from the injection site was performed to assess the biocompatibility of nanoparticles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLGA/E100 nanoparticles showed endosomal escape evidenced by confocal microscopy and buffering ability. Transfecting HEK293 cells with plasmid-loaded PLGA/E100 nanoparticles resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) greater expression of interleukin-10 compared to PLGA nanoparticles. Mice treated with PLGA/E100 nanoparticles displayed higher serum levels of interleukin-10 and lower blood glucose levels compared to those treated with interleukin-10 plasmid alone or PLGA nanoparticles. High expression of interleukin-10 facilitated suppression of interferon-gamma levels and reduced islet infiltration. Histology of muscle showed that nanoparticles were biocompatible and did not cause chronic inflammatory response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nanoparticles prepared by blending PLGA with methacrylate can efficiently and safely deliver plasmid DNA encoding mouse interleukin-10 leading to prevention of autoimmune diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
authors.forename: Ashwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basarkar
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002021:Buffers; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010957:Plasmids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002021:Buffers; D005079:Excipients; D016753:Interleukin-10; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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