title: Influence of gender on psychomotor vigilance task performance by adolescents.
abstract: During adolescence, the sleep phase delay associated with early school times increases daytime sleepiness and reduces psychomotor performance. Some studies have shown an effect of gender on psychomotor performance in adults and children. Males present faster reaction times (RT) compared with females. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of gender on Palm psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance in adolescents. Thirty-four adolescents (19 girls, 13 to 16 years old) attending morning school classes of a public school in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, participated in the study. Sleep patterns were measured using actigraphy and sleepiness data were accessed with the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). KSS and PVT measurements were collected at two times in the morning (8:00 and 11:00 h). The data were compared using one-way ANOVA, considering gender as a factor. ANOVA indicated that gender did not affect sleep patterns and subjective somnolence; however, a statistically significant effect of gender was detected for PVT performance. Boys presented faster RT (RT-PVT1: 345.51 ms, F = 6.08, P < 0.05; RT-PVT2: 343.30 ms, F = 6.35, P < 0.05) and fewer lapses (lapses-PVT1: 8.71, F = 4.45, P < 0.05; lapses-PVT2: 7.82, F = 7.06, P < 0.05) compared with girls (RT-PVT1: 402.96; RT-PVT2: 415.70; lapses-PVT1: 16.33; lapses-PVT2: 17.80). These results showed that this effect of gender, already reported in adults and children, is also observed in adolescents. The influence of gender should be taken into account in studies that use Palm PVT to evaluate psychomotor performance in this age range.
authors.affiliation: Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Cronobiologia Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brasil. beijamini@gmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beijamini
authors.forename: A G T
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: C A T
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peixoto
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Louzada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology