title: Therapeutic equivalence and mg:mg switch ability of a generic cyclosporine microemulsion formulation (Sigmasporin Microral) in stable renal transplant patients maintained on Sandimmun Neoral.
abstract: We tested a hypothesized pharmacokinetic difference between the reference (Sandimmun Neoral) and test (Sigmasporin Microral) products to prove therapeutic equivalence in an open, multiple fixed dose, one-way crossover, multicenter, and multinational study over a period of 29 days. Forty two stable renal transplant recipients maintained on Sandimmun Neoral were enrolled. Whole blood was collected at day 14 of the study at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after reference dosing and the same schedule was repeated at day 29 after switching on an mg:mg basis to the test product at day 15 of the study. Analysis of variance was performed for the pharmacokinetic parameters (area under the curve [AUC]0-12, maximum concentration [Cmax]) of cyclosporine using log-transformed values. Tolerability was assessed by vital signs, adverse events, and laboratory investigations. The 90% confidence interval (CI) test for the Ln-transformed, pharmacokinetic parameters was all within the US Food and Drug Administration acceptable range of 80% to 125%, as Ln area under the steady-state curve (AUCss) was within the range of 92.56 to 103.55 and Ln Cmax was within the range of 85.73 to 103.58; the same also applied for AUC0-4, which may be considered the area of greatest inter- and intra-patient variability. Furthermore, in line with the newly adopted recommendations of the Expert Advisory Committee on Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of Health Canada, the 90% CI for AUCss was within the narrow range of 90% to 112%. No significant difference in tolerability was recorded between the two products. Sigmasporin Microral (Julphar) was found to be bioequivalent and clinically interchangeable on an mg:mg basis with Sandimmun Neoral (Novartis).
authors.affiliation: King Khalid University Hospital, KSA. jwakeel@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Al Wakeel
authors.forename: F A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abouzeinab
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Alfi
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tarif
authors.forename: M S A
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al Mousawi
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alorrayed
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Fagir
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Dham
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic; D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine