title: Covalent modification of proteins by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate through autoxidation.
abstract: Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has various beneficial properties including chemopreventive, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant actions. The interaction with proteins known as EGCG-binding targets may be related to the anticancer effects. However, the binding mechanisms for this activity remain poorly understood. Using mass spectrometry and chemical detection methods, we found that EGCG forms covalent adducts with cysteinyl thiol residues in proteins through autoxidation. To investigate the functional modulation caused by binding of EGCG, we examined the interaction between EGCG and a thiol enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Concentration-dependent covalent binding of EGCG to GAPDH was found to be coupled to the irreversible inhibition of GAPDH activity. Mutation experiments revealed that EGCG is primarily bound to the cysteinyl thiol group of the active center, indicating that the irreversible inhibition of GAPDH is due to the covalent attachment of EGCG to the active-center cysteine. Moreover, using EGCG-treated cancer cells, we identified GAPDH as a target of EGCG covalent binding through specific interactions between catechols and aminophenyl boronate agarose resin. Based on these findings, we propose that the covalent modification of proteins by EGCG may be a novel pathway related to the biological activity of EGCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Global COE Program, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akagawa
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D003545:Cysteine