title: Efficacy of an adverse drug reaction electronic reporting system integrated into a hospital information system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adverse drug reaction (ADR) spontaneous reporting is the primary method of postmarketing drug surveillance; although it is an important part of postmarketing drug surveillance, it is underused. Before 2004, almost no ADRs were reported in our 400-bed hospital. As an electronic hospital information system was available in our hospital, we developed a tool (ADR-RS-IHIS) for ADR reporting integrated into the hospital information system to facilitate reporting through easy use, automatic input of certain information, increased accessibility, real-time review, and intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the efficacy of the ADR-RS-IHIS in increasing ADR reporting to the national drug surveillance system, propose and implement improvements to increase ADR reporting, and evaluate the impact of these improvements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Every ADR reported through the ADR-RS-IHIS was evaluated retrospectively. Two study phases for evaluating ADR-RS-IHIS efficacy were identified. Phase I took place April 2004-August 2006; in April 2006, an interim analysis was performed to propose improvements. Phase II took place September 2006-April 2007 for evaluation of the impact made by the proposed improvements. Efficacy in the phase I and improvement impact on phase II were measured as the number of ADRs reported to the national drug surveillance system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of ADRs reported per month to the national system increased from 0 before 2004 to 0.91 in phase I and 1.62 in phase II (2.25 if delayed reporting was considered). Improvement measures included: allowing nurses to report ADRs in the same way as physicians and pharmacists, automatic form filling of certain information from the electronic hospital information system, easier ADR report analysis, and automatic notification to the allergy department regarding suspected allergies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ADR reporting system integrated into the electronic hospital information system is effective for increasing the number of ADRs reported to the national drug surveillance system. Allowing nurses to report ADRs in a manner similar to that of physicians and pharmacists, as well as automatic entry of certain data into the form, contributes to the improvement of the system.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Services, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. aortega@unav.es
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguinagalde
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacasa
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aquerreta
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Benítez
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D006751:Hospital Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D016304:Hospitals, Private; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses; D010595:Pharmacists; D010820:Physicians; D024382:Professional Role; D012189:Retrospective Studies