title: CD4+ T cell count recovery in HIV type 1-infected patients is independent of class of antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent years, treatment options for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have changed from nonboosted protease inhibitors (PIs) to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and boosted PI-based antiretroviral drug regimens, but the impact on immunological recovery remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  During January 1996 through December 2004 [corrected] all patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort were included if they received the first combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and had known baseline CD4(+) T cell counts and HIV-1 RNA values (n = 3293). For follow-up, we used the Swiss HIV Cohort Study database update of May 2007 [corrected] The mean (+/-SD) duration of follow-up was 26.8 +/- 20.5 months. The follow-up time was limited to the duration of the first cART. CD4(+) T cell recovery was analyzed in 3 different treatment groups: nonboosted PI, NNRTI, or boosted PI. The end point was the absolute increase of CD4(+) T cell count in the 3 treatment groups after the initiation of cART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand five hundred ninety individuals (78.7%) initiated a nonboosted-PI regimen, 452 (13.7%) initiated an NNRTI regimen, and 251 (7.6%) initiated a boosted-PI regimen. Absolute CD4(+) T cell count increases at 48 months were as follows: in the nonboosted-PI group, from 210 to 520 cells/muL; in the NNRTI group, from 220 to 475 cells/muL; and in the boosted-PI group, from 168 to 511 cells/muL. In a multivariate analysis, the treatment group did not affect the response of CD4(+) T cells; however, increased age, pretreatment with nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, serological tests positive for hepatitis C virus, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C infection, lower baseline CD4(+) T cell count, and lower baseline HIV-1 RNA level were risk factors for smaller increases in CD4(+) T cell count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4(+) T cell recovery was similar in patients receiving nonboosted PI-, NNRTI-, and boosted PI-based cART.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Milos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opravil
authors.forename: Hansjakob
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furrer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavassini
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vernazza
authors.forename: Enos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hirschel
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battegay
authors.forename: Gilbert R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D013557:Switzerland; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral