title: Primary care treatment for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions in remote rural Punjab, Pakistan - a cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pakistan is one of the most populous regions of the world. Previous work has demonstrated that there is reliance on traditional healthcare systems when seeking psychiatric care; however, there is a lack of information on help seeking for child and adolescent population. The aim of this study was to describe types of treatments and families' perceptions of the effectiveness of those treatments for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders in remote rural Punjab.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of consecutive attendees at an advertised mental health consultation day in a remote rural area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effectiveness of these treatments, as rated by patients and their families, was variable, with highest reported effectiveness for general practitioner treatments. In families with a past history of care from a general practitioner, those who had epilepsy reported treatments to be more effective than those with mental retardation. Carers and users described consulting five different types of primary healthcare practitioners that used both physical and psychotherapeutic treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is considerable variation in treatments available for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders in remote rural areas of Punjab, a large proportion of which are considered ineffective by the users and carers. This highlights the need to develop effective interventions for child and adolescent neuropsychiatric conditions that can be administered by primary health workers. Our data suggest that the need for this is greatest for mental retardation.
authors.affiliation: Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tareen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mujtaba
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000592:standards; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D029221:Faith Healing; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D010154:Pakistan; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012423:Rural Health; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires