title: Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide-related outcomes in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suicide is a major public health concern in Japan but little is known about the prevalence of and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. The aim of the present study was to clarify the prevalence of and risk factors for important suicide-related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Important suicide-related outcomes and risk factors were assessed in face-to-face interviews with 2436 adult respondents in seven areas as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Mental disorders were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lifetime prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 10.9%, 2.1%, and 1.9%, respectively. Risk of suicide plans and attempts was highest when suicidal ideation occurred at an early age and within the first year of ideation. In middle-aged individuals, the period after first employment and the presence of mental disorders were risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk of suicide plans and attempts is highest when suicidal ideation occurred at an earlier age and within the first year of ideation. Mental disorders are as predictive of the suicide-related outcomes examined here, and comorbidity is an important predictor.
authors.affiliation: Health Center, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. yutakaon@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Norito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yoshibumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: Yosikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hisateru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachimori
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uda
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naganuma
authors.forename: Toshiaki A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014944:World Health Organization; D055815:Young Adult