title: Factors associated with weight loss after gastric bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric bypass (GBP) is the most common operation performed in the United States for morbid obesity. However, weight loss is poor in 10% to 15% of patients. We sought to determine the independent factors associated with poor weight loss after GBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study. We examined demographic, operative, and follow-up data by means of multivariate analysis. Variables investigated were age, sex, race, marital and insurance status, initial weight and body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, joint disease, sleep apnea, hyperlipidemia, and psychiatric disease), laparoscopic vs open surgery, gastric pouch area, gastrojejunostomy technique, and alimentary limb length.
  
  
  METHODS
  University tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients at our institution who underwent GBP from January 1, 2003, through July 30, 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weight loss at 12 months defined as poor (< or =40% excess weight loss) or good (>40% excess weight loss).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up data at 12 months were available for 310 of the 361 patients (85.9%) undergoing GBP during the study period. Mean preoperative BMI was 52 (range, 36-108). Mean BMI and excess weight loss at follow-up were 34 (range, 17-74) and 60% (range, 8%-117%), respectively. Thirty-eight patients (12.3%) had poor weight loss. Of the 4 variables associated with poor weight loss in the univariate analysis (greater initial weight, diabetes, open approach, and larger pouch size), only diabetes (odds ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-7.09 [P = .007]) and larger pouch size (odds ratio, 2.77;95% confidence interval, 1.81-4.22 [P <.001]) remained after the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gastric bypass results in substantial weight loss in most patients. Diabetes and larger pouch size are independently associated with poor weight loss after GBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Ave, Room C-341, San Francisco, CA 94143-0790, USA. camposg@surgery.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Guilherme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabl
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Posselt
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Westphalen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vittinghoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015431:Weight Loss
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