title: Effects of glycemic index meal and CHO-electrolyte drink on cytokine response and run performance in endurance athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of the glycemic index (GI) of a pre-exercise (PRE-ex) meal on plasma cytokine responses and endurance performance when carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) drink was consumed during exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight endurance-trained male runners (age: 28.6+/-2.7 years; body mass: 61.9+/-1.71 kg; V O(2max): 58.5+/-1.6 ml kg(-1)min(-1)) completed three trials in a randomized order. The pre-exercise meal consisted of either high-GI (HGI) (GI=83), low-GI (LGI) foods (GI=36) or control (CON) (low energy sugar-free jelly) was given to the participant 2h before a 21-km performance run on a level treadmill. During each trial, 2 ml kg(-1) BM of 6.6% CHO-E solution was consumed immediately before exercise and every 2.5-km afterward. Blood samples were collected before (pre-meal), and 120 min after ingestion the meal (120 min), immediately (POST), and 60 min (POST-60 min) after exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference was found in time to complete the 21-km run between LGI and HGI. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) level increased by more than 100 times immediately after exercise in the three trials and returned to the basal level only on LGI at POST-60 min. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2) level showed a transitory decrease at POST on CON (p<0.001). Glucose concentrations did not recover to the pre-meal level by POST-60 min on HGI only. Cortisol concentrations increased throughout the exercise and were lower on LGI when compared with CON (p<0.05) at POST-60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HGI and LGI demonstrated similar performance when CHO-E solution was consumed during a 21-km run. However, pre-exercise LGI meal attenuated the increases in cortisol and quickened the recovery of the increased IL-6 value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stephen H S
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Cherry O W
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Parco M F
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004573:Electrolytes; C508594:IL2 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D006854:Hydrocortisone