title: Adiponectin levels, cardiometabolic risk factors and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low levels of adiponectin have been associated with metabolic risk factors (RF) and cardiac disease. Minimal data is available about the relationship between adiponectin and subclinical atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship of adiponectin to cardiometabolic RF, C-reactive protein (CRP), anthropometric parameters of obesity, and subclinical atherosclerosis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study in 103 children. We determined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting lipid profile, glycemia and insulinemia, and CRP. Subclinical atherosclerosis was determined by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the group was 12.4+/-1.9 years (47% girls; 20.4% prepubertal; 45 eutrophic, 23 overweight and 35 obese). Adiponectin levels were not statistically significantly different in eutrophic children versus obese+overweight: 17.7+/-5.6 and 15.9+/-5.3 microg/mL, respectively. Adiponectin levels in boys were no different from those in girls. Adiponectin correlated significantly with age, BMI, zBMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL, insulinemia, and HOMA index. No statistically significant association with adiponectin was found for CRP, FMD or IMT. After adjusting by sex, pubertal status, and degree of obesity, the adiponectin levels associated significantly with HDL cholesterol and the HOMA index (r(2)=0.34, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with anthropometric parameters of obesity and insulin resistance and directly correlated with HDL levels. However, no relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis was demonstrated in this study.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnaiz
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.forename: Salesa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barja
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aglony
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Berta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cassis
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Ximena
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Berríos
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein