Effect of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ubiquitination and chromatin structure on the dynamic properties of the Y-family DNA polymerases.
Y-family DNA polymerases carry out translesion synthesis past damaged DNA. DNA polymerases (pol) eta and iota are usually uniformly distributed through the nucleus but accumulate in replication foci during S phase. DNA-damaging treatments result in an increase in S phase cells containing polymerase foci. Using photobleaching techniques, we show that poleta is highly mobile in human fibroblasts. Even when localized in replication foci, it is only transiently immobilized. Although ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is not required for the localization of poleta in foci, it results in an increased residence time in foci. poliota is even more mobile than poleta, both when uniformly distributed and when localized in foci. Kinetic modeling suggests that both poleta and poliota diffuse through the cell but that they are transiently immobilized for approximately 150 ms, with a larger proportion of poleta than poliota immobilized at any time. Treatment of cells with DRAQ5, which results in temporary opening of the chromatin structure, causes a dramatic immobilization of poleta but not poliota. Our data are consistent with a model in which the polymerases are transiently probing the DNA/chromatin. When DNA is exposed at replication forks, the polymerase residence times increase, and this is further facilitated by the ubiquitination of PCNA.
Sabbioneda
Simone
S
Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom.
Gourdin
Audrey M
AM
Green
Catherine M
CM
Zotter
Angelika
A
Giglia-Mari
Giuseppina
G
Houtsmuller
Adriaan
A
Vermeulen
Wim
W
Lehmann
Alan R
AR
D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination; D000094769:DNA Polymerase iota; D000099270:Y-Family DNA Polymerases
D000880:Anthraquinones; D002843:Chromatin; D004247:DNA; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000094769:DNA Polymerase iota; C520537:1,5-bis((2-(methylamino)ethyl)amino)-4,8-dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione; C112338:Rad30 protein; D000099270:Y-Family DNA Polymerases; C000722070:POLI protein, human
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