title: Type-specific human papillomavirus-DNA load in anal infection in HIV-positive men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in terms of genotype prevalence and type-specific DNA load in HIV-positive men.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-positive men attending the colo-proctological clinic of a University Hospital in Rome were recruited prospectively from November 2004 to July 2007. HIV-negative outpatients attending the same clinic over the same period were used as a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anal brushings were tested for HPV-DNA using polymerase chain reactions and direct sequencing; type-specific HPV-DNA copies were measured in most positive samples. HPV data were correlated with patient HIV status and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV-DNA infection was detected in 81% of HIV-positive men. Almost all homosexual men were HPV-infected. The infection rate in low-risk HPV types was higher than in high-risk types. The spectrum of HPV genotypes was comparable between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. Numbers of HPV-DNA copies varied greatly between samples but did not differ significantly between HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. In many samples, low-risk (HPV 6, 61, 70, and 74) viral loads were comparable with those of high-risk HPVs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type-specific HPV-DNA copies at baseline appear to be independent of patient immune status and of HPV genotype. HPV genotype risk and viral load should be further evaluated for their potential predictive role in persistence and progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Virology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. guido.antonelli@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierangeli
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scagnolari
authors.forename: Anna Marta
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Degener
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciardi
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Marileda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Indinnimeo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Ettorre
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral