title: Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on nasal breathing and some naso-respiratory and breathing problems in growing children: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a dentofacial orthopedic treatment procedure which has been routinely used in young patients. Main goal of RME is to correct the existing posterior crossbite and to widen the maxilla and maxillary dental arch. However, a concomitant and contributing benefit of this procedure is an improvement on nasal airway which facilitates nasal respiration. RME brings about not only an increase in nasopharyngeal airway dimensions and an improvement in nasal respiration but also a decrease in naso-respiratory problems of the patients having maxillary constriction and mouth breathing. The purpose of this article is to review the effects of RME on naso-respiratory and breathing problems caused by maxillary constriction and mouth breathing in growing children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although orthodontic treatment is carried out to correct dental and skeletal discrepancies, some authors showed that treatment outcomes of RME could also effective on naso-respiratory and sleep-disordered breathing problems of the growing children. However, it must be kept in mind that this respect of RME was evaluated in a little number of studies and had a low-level of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. drnkilic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiliç
authors.forename: Hüsamettin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oktay
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D012119:Respiration; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000628:therapy*