title: Preconditioning with acute and chronic lithium administration reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury mediated by cyclooxygenase not nitric oxide synthase pathway in isolated rat heart.
abstract: Lithium is widely used for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in bipolar disorders. A variety of hypotheses have been invoked to explain the mechanism of action of lithium. To determine if lithium exerts direct cardiac protection, in the present study perfused rat heart model was used. The mechanism of lithium-mediated cardioprotection was explored by combined use of lithium and nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or indomethacin (a non-selective cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitor). Rat isolated hearts were used for Langendorff perfusion. Hearts were either non-preconditioned or preconditioned with acute lithium (3 mM) or chronic lithium (600 mg/l in tap water for 4 weeks, 0.265 +/- 0.023 mM in serum) before 30 min global ischemia followed by 90 min reperfusion. Within each of these protocols, hearts were divided into two groups; one group was exposed to L-NAME (0.1 mM) and another group was exposed to indomethacin (10 microM). Infarct size was measured by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride method. Left ventricular function was assessed by left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate and coronary flow (CF). In our experiment acute and/or chronic administration of lithium before prolonged ischemia offered significant myoprotective effects in terms of infarct size reduction and improved cardiac function against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The effects of lithium pretreatment were prevented by the administration of indomethacin but not L-NAME. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that preconditioning with acute and/or chronic lithium administration improves recovery of the ventricular function and reduces infarct size via cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in isolated rat heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. faghihim@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mahdieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faghihi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirershadi
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bazargan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010477:Perfusion; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D007213:Indomethacin