title: Exposure to dioxin-like pollutants via different food commodities in Swedish children and young adults.
abstract: The dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in terms of toxic equivalents (TEQs) was investigated in Swedish children and young adults. Exposure was estimated from concentration data of six groups of individual food commodities (meat, fish, dairy products, egg, edible fats and other foodstuff) combined with food intake data from a 7-day record book obtained from 670 individuals aged 1-24 years. The results showed that Swedish boys and girls, up to the age of ten, had a median TEQ intake that exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 pg TEQ/kg body weight. Children exceeding the TDI varied from almost all individuals among the youngest children to about 20% among young men and women. Dairy and fish products were the main sources of exposure for the average child, accounting for 59% of the total TEQ intake. The individuals most highly exposed were, on the other hand, characterized by a high consumption of fish. Since children constitute a vulnerable group, results obtained from the present study show that it is essential to perform age specific dietary intake assessments of pollutants and more carefully consider sensitive and/or highly exposed groups in the population in the risk management processes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergkvist
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Appelgren
authors.forename: Wulf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aune
authors.forename: Emma Halldin
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ankarberg
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Håkansson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis; D001822:Body Burden; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003611:Dairy Products; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004147:Dioxins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D017747:Seafood; D013548:Sweden; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C020887:dibenzo(1,4)dioxin