title: Artificial gynogenesis and sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).
abstract: Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important cultured marine fish as well as a promising model fish for the study of sex determination mechanisms. In the present study, a protocol for artificial gynogenesis of half-smooth tongue sole was developed in order to identify the sex determination mechanism and to generate all-female stock. The optimal UV-irradiation dose for genetically inactivating sea perch spermatozoa was determined to be > or =30 mJ/cm(2). The optimal initiation time for cold shock of gynogenetic embryos was determined to be 5 min after fertilization, while the optimal temperature and treatment duration were determined to be 20-25 min at 5 degrees C. Chromosomes from common diploids, gynogenetic haploids, and diploids were analyzed. WW chromosomes were discovered in some of the gynogenetic diploids. The microsatellite marker was applied to analyze gynogenetic diploid fry. Among the 30 gynogenetic diploid fry, 11 fry contained only one allele, while 19 contained two alleles, which had the same genotype as their mother. The female-specific DNA marker was observed in four individuals out of ten gynogenetic diploid fry. Ploidy analysis of 20 putative gynogenetic fry showed them all to be diploid. Thus, a protocol for the induction of artificial gynogenesis has been developed for the first time in half smooth tongue sole, and the sex determination mechanism in the tongue sole was determined to be female heterogametic with the ZW chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Nanjing Road 106, 266071, Qingdao, China. chensl@ysfri.ac.cn
authors.forename: Song-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Jing-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chang-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Xiang-Shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jie-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Zhi-Meng
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Peng-Zhi
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jian-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhen-Xia
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002678:Chimera / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004171:Diploidy; D005306:Fertilization / Q000528:radiation effects; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006238:Haploidy; D010471:Perches / Q000502:physiology; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D012743:Sex Preselection / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
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