title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype are rarely observed in tuberculosis patients in South America.
abstract: The frequency of the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of tuberculosis (TB) in South America was determined by analyzing genotypes of strains isolated from patients that had been diagnosed with the disease between 1997 and 2003 in seven countries of the subcontinent. In total, 19 of the 1,202 (1.6%) TB cases carried Beijing isolates, including 11 of the 185 patients from Peru (5.9%), five of the 512 patients from Argentina (1.0%), two of the 252 Brazilian cases (0.8%), one of the 166 patients from Paraguay (0.6%) and none of the samples obtained from Chile (35), Colombia (36) and Ecuador (16). Except for two patients that were East Asian immigrants, all cases with Beijing strains were native South Americans. No association was found between carrying a strain with the Beijing genotype and having drug or multi-drug resistant disease. Our data show that presently transmission of M. tuberculosis strains of the Beijing genotype is not frequent in Latin America. In addition, the lack of association of drug resistant TB and infection with M. tuberculosis of the Beijing genotype observed presently demands efforts to define better the contribution of the virulence and lack of response to treatment to the growing spread of Beijing strains observed in other parts of the world.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas ANLIS Carlos Malbrá, Buenos Aires, Argentina. vritacco@anlis.gov.ar
authors.forename: Viviana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ritacco
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Patricia I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Cafrune
authors.forename: Lucilaine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrazoli
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Suffys
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Candia
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vásquez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Realpe
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Karla V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jeannete
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zurita
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robledo
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Afranio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kritski
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Palomino
authors.forename: Herre
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heersma
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Soolingen
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barrera
mesh_terms: D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*