title: Growth hormone stimulates mechano growth factor expression and activates myoblast transformation in C2C12 cells.
abstract: Mechano growth factor (MGF) is an alternatively spliced variant of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Previous reports have revealed that the MGF in skeletal muscles is induced by mechanical overload or muscle injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of growth hormone (GH) on MGF expression in C2C12 mouse muscle cell lines since GH is the principal regulator of IGF-I. The MGF mRNA increased 1 h following GH stimulation whereas IGF-IEa mRNA, which encodes a systemic type of IGF-I, increased 4 h following GH stimulation. The diverse expression of MGF and IGF-IEa was also observed in the case of muscle injury by using bupivacaine in the same cell line. Furthermore, GH induced the increase of MyoD as well as M-cadherin expression, the peak of which was parallel to that of MGF. These results indicate that GH directly and preferentially increased MGF prior to the IGF-IEa expression in C2C12 cells, which may lead to the activation of muscle satellite cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imanaka
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murawaki
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeno
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okimura
authors.forename: Hidesuke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chihara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017570:MyoD Protein; C057363:MyoD1 myogenic differentiation protein; C527564:mechano-growth factor, mouse; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D002045:Bupivacaine