title: Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: management priorities in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe neuropsychiatric condition with a substantial prevalence in childhood and adolescence. Our understanding of the etiopathogenesis of pediatric OCD continues to grow, along with diagnostic and treatment approaches. The present study attempts to provide a parsimonious review of important studies of pediatric OCD with particular emphasis on studies over the last year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with many other pediatric conditions, OCD in childhood and adolescence has distinct yet overlapping features with the adult-onset type. It appears that OCD is a multidimensional disorder with substantial comorbidity with other neuropsychiatric disorders that may affect its course and treatment. Although its pathophysiology remains to be fully elucidated, evidence suggests that OCD likely results from a complex interaction between multiple genetic variants and nongenetic factors. Meanwhile, evidence supporting the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, augmentation strategies affecting other neurotransmitter systems, and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of pediatric OCD continues to emerge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from the studies reviewed here reflect the heterogeneity of pediatric OCD. It is clear that clinicians need to consider specific symptoms, comorbid conditions, and the rapidly evolving clinical research when working with children and adolescents with OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. gilbertar@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Fadi T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Maalouf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors