title: Histomorphometric evaluation of a nanothickness bioceramic deposition on endosseous implants: a study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone response to a nanothickness bioceramic ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) on endosteal implants in a canine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alumina-blasted/acid-etched (control) and IBAD-modified (test) implants were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy + ion beam milling, thin-film mode X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscope. The implants were surgically placed in four dogs' proximal tibiae and remained for 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. Oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg) was administered for bone labeling 48 hours prior to euthanization. Following euthanization, nondecalcified thin sections were prepared for UV and transmitted light microscopy. The amount of bone labeling was evaluated along the length and away from the implant surface by means of a computer software. The % bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was determined for each specimen. One-way analysis of variance at 95% level of significance along with Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons were utilized for statistical evaluation. The characterization showed Ca- and P-based amorphous coatings with a 20- to 50-nm thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo results showed a significant increase in general and site-specific (to 0.5 mm from the implant surface) bone activity for the 4-week test implants compared with the control implants. Bone activity levels decreased as a function of distance from the implant surface for all groups. No significant differences in BIC were observed between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that both surfaces were biocompatible and osteoconductive and that a time-dependent increase in osteoactivity occurred around the test implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University, New York, NY, USA. pgcoelho@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardaropoli
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Jack E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lemons
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004285:Dogs; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010118:Oxytetracycline; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D010758:Phosphorus; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D002118:Calcium; D010118:Oxytetracycline