title: Sperm membrane lipid liposomes can evoke an effective immune response against encapsulated antigen in BALB/c mice.
abstract: In an earlier study, we provided strong evidence that liposomes made of sperm membrane lipids (spermatosomes) can deliver entrapped molecules to the cytosol of target cells. Now we have evaluated the immunological behavior of spermatosome-encapsulated soluble antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in BALB/c mice. Spermatosome-mediated antigen delivery can affect both cytosolic and endosomal antigen-processing pathways, simultaneously, leading to the generation of CD4+ T-helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses. Isotype studies revealed that immunization with spermatosome-encapsulated OVA elicits mainly IgG2a and IgG1 subclasses of antibodies. A potential vaccine candidate should impart long-lasting protection against infection; to this end, immunization with spermatosome-encapsulated OVA resulted in expression of CD44 and CD62L cell-surface markers on T cells, suggestive of a desirable memory response. We conclude that spermatosome encapsulation is a useful strategy for vaccine production, because it enhances the immunological activity of the encapsulated antigen.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Atif
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudhanshu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owais
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008081:Liposomes; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin