title: The performance of elements of a 'level of response to alcohol'-based model of drinking behaviors in 13-year-olds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals of this paper are to evaluate whether drinking practices among peers mediates the relationship between a low level of response (LR) to alcohol and a person's heavier drinking and alcohol-related problems in 12-14-year-olds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlations and structural equation models (SEM) were used to test a hypothesized model of the relationships among key variables in adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a longitudinal birth cohort study in Bristol, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  These included 688 boys (40.4%) and girls who were offspring of the pregnant women who had been selected as ALSPAC participants in 1991 and 1992. The offspring were interviewed at about age 13 years, and those who had ever consumed a full drink completed the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire indicating the number of drinks required for up to four effects early in their drinking histories. A higher number of drinks required for effects indicated a low LR per drink consumed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SEM explained 58% of the variance of the alcohol pattern, and had good fit characteristics. A low LR was related to heavier drinking and more alcohol problems both directly and as mediated partially by drinking in peers. The model performed well across the narrow age range, and applied equally well in boys and girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The perceived drinking practices of peers is a potentially important mediator of how a low LR to alcohol relates to drinking practices during early adolescence. The findings may be useful in developing approaches to prevent heavier drinking in this young group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161-2002, USA. mschuckit@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schuckit
authors.forename: Tom L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horwood
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hibbeln
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010379:Peer Group; D011594:Psychometrics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Jan;66(1):121-9
references.pmid: 15830912
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Mar;32(3):472-80
references.pmid: 18302725
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2005 May;66(3):344-53
references.pmid: 16047523
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Sep;28(9):1388-95
references.pmid: 15365310
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;61(11):1146-52
references.pmid: 15520362
references.citation: Addiction. 1999 Sep;94(9):1361-70
references.pmid: 10615721
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Mar;66(2):275-83
references.pmid: 15957679
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Nov;67(6):841-50
references.pmid: 17061001
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2000 Jan-Feb;25(1):153-60
references.pmid: 10708331
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1991 Aug;15(4):700-4
references.pmid: 1928646
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1997 Jul;58(4):397-404
references.pmid: 9203121
references.citation: J Addict Dis. 1997;16(1):51-89
references.pmid: 9046445
references.citation: Psychol Assess. 2002 Mar;14(1):60-73
references.pmid: 11911050
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1999 Sep;29(5):1069-81
references.pmid: 10576299
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 1990 Mar;107(2):238-46
references.pmid: 2320703
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2000 Nov;61(6):827-35
references.pmid: 11188488
references.citation: Psychol Rev. 1977 Mar;84(2):191-215
references.pmid: 847061
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1993 Jul;54(4):465-78
references.pmid: 8341050
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2008 Jul;69(4):571-9
references.pmid: 18612573
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Jul;23(7):1136-44
references.pmid: 10443978
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007 May;68(3):371-8
references.pmid: 17446976
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Jul;63(4):469-75
references.pmid: 12160106
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2000 Nov-Dec;35(6):625-7
references.pmid: 11093971
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 Jul-Aug;42(4):362-9
references.pmid: 17537828
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Mar;25(3):323-9
references.pmid: 11290841
references.citation: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2003 Nov;6(4):223-4
references.pmid: 14628172
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2001 Mar;62(2):179-89
references.pmid: 11327184
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1996 Jan;57(1):8-18
references.pmid: 8747496
references.citation: Alcohol Alcohol. 2007 Jul-Aug;42(4):347-53
references.pmid: 17510103
references.citation: Child Dev. 2003 Mar-Apr;74(2):374-93
references.pmid: 12705561
references.citation: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001 Jan;15(1):74-87
references.pmid: 11237119
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Feb;30(2):194-202
references.pmid: 16441268
references.citation: Addiction. 1997 Aug;92(8):979-88
references.pmid: 9376780
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2003 Mar;64(2):292-300
references.pmid: 12713205
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 May;78(5):979-94
references.pmid: 10821203
references.citation: Psychol Methods. 2002 Mar;7(1):83-104
references.pmid: 11928892
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Dec;28(12):1881-9
references.pmid: 15608605
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Mar;53(3):258-63
references.pmid: 8611063
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 1994 Mar;55(2):149-58
references.pmid: 8189735
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002 Mar;(14):40-53
references.pmid: 12022729
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Mar;66(2):174-84
references.pmid: 15957668