title: Anti-HBc screening in Indian blood donors: still an unresolved issue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the seroprevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in healthy blood donors negative for HBsAg and to evaluate whether anti-HBc detection could be adopted in India as a screening assay for HBV in addition to HBsAg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1700 serum samples collected from HBsAg-negative healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of anti-HBc antibody (IgM + IgG). All samples reactive for anti-HBc antibody were then investigated for presence of anti-HBs and for liver function tests (LFTs). One hundred serum samples reactive for anti-HBc were tested for HBV DNA by PCR method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 1700 samples tested, 142 (8.4%) blood samples were found to be reactive for anti-HBc. It was significantly lower in voluntary (6.9%) as compared to replacement donors (10.4%, P = 0.011). Seventy-two (50.7%) anti-HBc reactive samples were also reactive for anti-HBs with levels > 10 mIU/mL and 70 (49.3%) samples were non-reactive for anti-HBs, these units were labeled as anti-HBc-only. These 142 anti-HBc reactive units were also tested for liver function test. HBV DNA was detected in only 1 of 100 samples tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Keeping in view that 8%-18% of donor population in India is anti-HBc reactive, inclusion of anti-HBc testing will lead to high discard rate. Anti-HBs as proposed previously does not seem to predict clearance of the virus. Cost effectiveness of introducing universal anti-HBc screening and discarding large number of blood units versus considering ID NAT (Individual donor nucleic acid testing) needs to be assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India. hkdpgimer@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hari-Krishan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marwaha
authors.forename: Ratti-Ram
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Beenu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thakral
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saluja
authors.forename: Sanjeev-Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Manish-K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Thakur
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001782:Blood Donors; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008403:Mass Screening; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens
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