title: Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current knowledge about the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of premenstrual syndromes in adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large epidemiologic studies addressing adolescent premenstrual disorders, clinical presentation, and comorbidity with other disorders have yet to be performed. Randomized controlled treatment trials for teens with moderate-to-severe premenstrual syndrome or the more severe affective predominant, premenstrual dysphoric disorder still are sorely lacking. This review will present an updated review of the published studies with respect to premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in adolescents in the context of the large body of literature regarding presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in adult women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premenstrual disorders likely start in the teen years. At least 20% of adolescents may experience moderate-to-severe premenstrual symptoms associated with functional impairment. Current treatment includes lifestyle recommendations and pharmacologic agents that suppress the rise and fall of ovarian steroids or augment serotonin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1740, USA. arapkin@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Andrea J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rapkin
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mikacich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008598:Menstruation; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids; D012701:Serotonin