title: A prospective study of ceftriaxone treatment in acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much controversy exists as to whether cephalosporin treatment is appropriate for infections caused by ESBL-producing organisms because no randomized controlled studies have been performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of ceftriaxone treatment in acute pyelonephritis caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a prospective study in female patients hospitalized with acute pyelonephritis caused by ESBL-producing or ESBL-nonproducing E. coli, K. pneumoniae, or P. mirabilis in four hospitals in Thailand from 2004 to 2006. The clinical and microbiological outcomes were evaluated at 72 hours after empirical ceftriaxone treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eleven patients with the mean age of 65.29 years participated in this study. There were no differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory data between the ESBL-producing and ESBL-nonproducing groups except the higher rates of previous antibiotic use and urinary tract infection; and the lower frequency of costovertebral angle tenderness in the ESBL-producing group. Both clinical (65% and 93%) and microbiological (67.5% and 100%) responses at 72 hours after ceftriaxone treatment were poorer in the ESBL-producing group than in the ESBL-nonproducing group (p < 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To the authors' knowledge, this is the first prospective study to evaluate the outcomes of ceftriaxone treatment in acute pyelonephritis caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The present study confirms that acute pyelonephritis in the female patients caused by ESBL-producing strains could not be treated with ceftriaxone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. chusana.s@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Chusana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suankratay
authors.forename: Kamonwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jutivorakool
authors.forename: Supunnee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jirajariyavej
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D001618:beta-Lactamases