title: Comparative analysis of immediate functional loading and immediate nonfunctional loading to traditional healing periods: a 5-year follow-up of 550 dental implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical, radiographical, and histological findings have shown that immediately loaded implants show the presence of mineralized tissues at the interface.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare an immediate loading protocol with a two-staged one using an implant with a square thread design.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-five consecutive patients (71 men, 84 women), aged between 18 and 78 years (mean: 54 years) participated in this study. A total of 550 implants (Maestro; BioHorizons, Birmingham, AL, USA) were inserted. In group A, 264 implants were inserted in 82 patients with immediate functional loading with occlusal contact if the patients were completely edentulous, or with immediate nonfunctional loading without occlusal contact if the patients were partially edentulous. In group B, 286 implants were inserted in 73 patients with a one-stage or two-stage surgical procedure. All patients were followed for at least 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the immediately loaded implants group, three implants failed, all in posterior mandibular sites, with an overall 98.8% 5-year survival rate. In the control group, no implant failed, with a 100% 5-year survival rate. No statistically significant differences were found in the survival rates of the implants in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A very high implant survival rate was also present in our series for the immediately loaded implants. All the three failed implants were retrieved from the same patient, who had poor oral hygiene, after a loading period of 5 years. These data can suggest that, from a clinical point of view, an abbreviated healing period is compatible with the development and maintenance over a longer time period (5 years) of mineralized tissues at the interface with dental implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can then conclude that shorter healing periods can be highly satisfactory from a clinical point of view.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degidi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001732:Bite Force; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D011859:Radiography; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants