title: Confirmation that cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) plays a minor role in (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-ibuprofen hydroxylation in vitro.
abstract: Various groups have sought to determine the impact of CYP2C8 genotype (and CYP2C8 inhibition) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ibuprofen (IBU) enantiomers. However, the contribution of cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) in human liver microsomes (HLMs) has not been reported. Therefore, in vitro cytochrome P450 (P450) reaction phenotyping was conducted with selective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP2C8. In the presence of HLMs, sulfaphenazole (CYP2C9 inhibitor), and anti-CYP2C9 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibited (73-100%) the 2- and 3-hydroxylation of both IBU enantiomers (1 and 20 microM). At a higher IBU concentration (500 microM), the same inhibitors were less able to inhibit the 2-hydroxylation of (S)-(+)-IBU (32-52%) and (R)-(-)-IBU (30-64%), whereas the 3-hydroxylation of (S)-(+)-IBU and (R)-(-)-IBU was inhibited 66 to 83 and 70 to 89%, respectively. In contrast, less inhibition was observed with montelukast (CYP2C8 inhibitor, < or =35%) and anti-CYP2C8 mAbs (< or =24%) at all concentrations of IBU. When (S)-(+)-IBU and (R)-(-)-IBU (1 microM) were incubated with a panel of recombinant human P450s, only CYP2C9 formed appreciable amounts of the hydroxy metabolites. At a higher IBU enantiomer concentration (500 microM), additional P450s catalyzed 2-hydroxylation (CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP2B6) and 3-hydroxylation (CYP2C19). When the P450 reaction phenotype and additional clearance pathways are considered (e.g., direct glucuronidation and chiral inversion), it is concluded that CYP2C8 plays a minor role in (R)-(-)-IBU (<10%) and (S)-(+)-IBU ( approximately 13%) clearance. By extension, one would not expect CYP2C8 inhibition (and genotype) to greatly affect the pharmacokinetic profile of either enantiomer. On the other hand, CYP2C9 inhibition and genotype are expected to have an impact on the PK of (S)-(+)-IBU.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Rd., Princeton, NJ 08534, USA. shu.chang@bms.com
authors.forename: Shu-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Traeger
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Donghui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008617:Mephenytoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013426:Sulfaphenazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D013440:Sulfides; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C454675:N-3-benzylnirvanol; D011804:Quinolines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013440:Sulfides; D013426:Sulfaphenazole; D004008:Diclofenac; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; C093875:montelukast; D008617:Mephenytoin; D007654:Ketoconazole; D007052:Ibuprofen