title: Metabolism of reactive nitrogen species in pea plants under abiotic stress conditions.
abstract: Nitric oxide (*NO) is a key signaling molecule in different physiological processes of animals and plants. However, little is known about the metabolism of endogenous *NO and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under abiotic stress conditions. Using pea plants exposed to six different abiotic stress conditions (high light intensity, low and high temperature, continuous light, continuous dark and mechanical wounding), several key components of the metabolism of RNS including the content of *NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) and nitrite plus nitrate, the enzyme activities of l-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and S-nitrosogluthathione reductase (GSNOR), and the profile of protein tyrosine nitration (NO(2)-Tyr) were analyzed in leaves. Low temperature was the stress that produced the highest increase of NOS and GSNOR activities, and this was accompanied by an increase in the content of total *NO and S-nitrosothiols, and an intensification of the immunoreactivity with an antibody against NO(2)-Tyr. Mechanical wounding, high temperature and light also had a clear activating effect on the different indicators of RNS metabolism in pea plants. However, the total content of nitrite and nitrate in leaves was not affected by any of these stresses. Considering that protein tyrosine nitration is a potential marker of nitrosative stress, the results obtained suggest that low and high temperature, continuous light and high light intensity are abiotic stress conditions that can induce nitrosative stress in pea plants.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18080 Granada, Spain. javier.corpas@eez.csic.es
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Corpas
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaki
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Ocaña
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valderrama
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Begara-Morales
authors.forename: Morad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Airaki
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: del Río
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008027:Light; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C087006:formaldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione-independent