title: Novel textile chitosan scaffolds promote spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts.
abstract: Two novel scaffold models made of chitosan fibers were designed, fabricated, and investigated. Raw chitosan fibers were either tightened between plastic rings or were processed into stand-alone scaffolds. Chitosan fiber scaffolds were further modified by coating with a thin layer of fibrillar collagen type I to biologize the surface. Cell culture experiments were carried out using murine osteoblast-like cells (7F2). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed fast attachment and morphological adaptation of the cells on both the raw chitosan fibers and the collagen-coated scaffolds. Cells were cultivated for up to 4 weeks on the materials and proliferation as well as osteogenic differentiation was quantitatively analyzed in terms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. We found a 14-16-fold increase of cell number and the typical pattern of ALP activity, whereas the collagen coating does not remarkably influence these parameters. The maintenance of osteogenic phenotype on the novel materials was furthermore confirmed by immunostaining of osteocalcin and study of matrix mineralization. The feature of the collagen-coated but also the raw chitosan fiber scaffolds to support the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells suggest a potential application of chitosan fibers and textile chitosan scaffolds for the tissue engineering of bone.
authors.affiliation: Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. christiane.heinemann@tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Worch
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium