title: Improved biodegradation of Congored by using Bacillus sp.
abstract: The biodegradation of Congored, a toxic azo dye, was studied by using a hybrid technique involving sonolysis as pretreatment followed by biological treatment. The experiments were carried out with and without pretreatment using dye solution as a sole source of nutrition with an isolated and acclimatized strain of Bacillus sp. obtained from tannery industry effluent. The pretreatment time was varied as 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min and then the pretreated dye solution was subjected to biological treatment. The effectiveness of pretreatment was compared with the results of biological degradation of non pretreated Congored and the results showed that the pretreatment improved the efficiency of the biodegradation of Congored. During the biological degradation, the increase in initial dye concentration decreased the decolorization rate and at high concentrations (1500 and 2000 mg/l), the inhibition was observed. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The data obtained through biodegradation experiments were fitted with five different kinetic models and the results were analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai 600 025, India.
authors.forename: Kannappan Panchamoorthy
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.forename: Hajamohideen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asan Meera Sahib
authors.forename: Karuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muthukumar
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velan
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D003116:Color; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003224:Congo Red / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003224:Congo Red