Growing up with epilepsy: a two-year investigation of cognitive development in children with new onset epilepsy.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize patterns and determinants of normal and abnormal cognitive development in children with new onset epilepsy compared to healthy controls.


METHODS
Longitudinal (2-year) cognitive growth was examined in 100 children, age 8-18 years, including healthy controls (n = 48) and children with new onset epilepsy (n = 52). Cognitive maturation was examined as a function of the presence/absence of two neurobehavioral comorbitiies (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or academic problems) identified at the time of epilepsy diagnosis. Groups were compared across a comprehensive neuropsychological battery assessing intelligence, academic achievement, language, memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed.


RESULTS
Children with new onset epilepsy without neurobehavioral comorbidities were comparable to healthy controls at baseline, rate of cognitive development, and follow-up assessment across all neuropsychological domains. In contrast, the presence of neurobehavioral comorbidities was associated with significantly worse baseline and prospective cognitive trajectories across all cognitive domains, especially executive functions.


CONCLUSIONS
The presence of neurobehavioral comorbidities at the time of epilepsy onset is a major marker of abnormal cognitive development both prior to and after the onset of epilepsy.
Hermann
Bruce P
BP
Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. hermann@neurology.wisc.edu
Jones
Jana E
JE
Sheth
Raj
R
Koehn
Monica
M
Becker
Tara
T
Fine
Jason
J
Allen
Chase A
CA
Seidenberg
Michael
M
D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
J Neurosci. 2004 Sep 22;24(38):8223-31
15385605
Epilepsia. 2002 Jun;43(6):631-7
12060023
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;39(1):49-58
10638067
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Jul;49(7):493-7
17593119
Brain. 2005 Jul;128(Pt 7):1546-55
15817514
Epilepsy Behav. 2007 May;10(3):384-8
17368109
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1979 Jun;21(3):285-98
157304
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997 Feb;151(2):152-8
9041870
Ann Neurol. 1983 Oct;14(4):438-44
6416142
Seizure. 1998 Jun;7(3):223-8
9700836
J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;65(10):1301-13
15491232
Epilepsy Res. 2005 Mar-Apr;64(1-2):49-62
15847849
Clin EEG Neurosci. 2006 Jul;37(3):193-7
16929703
Epilepsy Res. 2007 Jul;75(2-3):220-3
17572070
Epilepsy Behav. 2006 Jun;8(4):693-702
16678492
Ann Neurol. 2006 Jan;59(1):35-41
16217743
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Nov;47(11):749-53
16225738
Epilepsia. 2004 Jan;45(1):54-63
14692908
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;61(7):731-6
15237085
Epilepsia. 2001 Jun;42(6):796-803
11422340
Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Sep;17(3):213-33
17786559
Epilepsia. 1998 Oct;39(10):1064-9
9776326
Epileptic Disord. 2000 Mar;2(1):3-13
10937165
Seizure. 2006 Jun;15(4):227-34
16563807
Adv Neurol. 2006;97:293-304
16383138
Epilepsia. 2006 Nov;47(11):1936-42
17116035
Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Dec;17(4):445-54
17990122
J Child Neurol. 2006 Jun;21(6):491-5
16948933
Epilepsia. 1997;38 Suppl 1:S52-5
9092961
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2005 Dec;12(4):222-8
16780293
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19649-54
18024590
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 25;101(21):8174-9
15148381
J Pediatr. 1993 Jun;122(6):869-73
8501561
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1979 Aug;21(4):433-40
520692
Epilepsy Res. 1990 Nov;7(2):165-72
2289474
N Engl J Med. 1998 Jun 11;338(24):1715-22
9624191
Brain. 2007 Dec;130(Pt 12):3135-48
17947336
Epilepsy Res. 2003 Feb;53(1-2):139-50
12576175
Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Dec;17(4):427-44
17963043
Epilepsia. 1999 Nov;40(11):1543-50
10565581
Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Aug;26(4):466-85
16473440
Epilepsy Behav. 2007 Mar;10(2):311-8
17293164
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Jun;49(6):412-6
17518924
Epilepsia. 2005 Oct;46(10):1661-7
16190940
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003 Jan;45(1):50-4
12549755
Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Feb;5 Suppl 1:S21-4
14725843
Brain Dev. 2001 Mar;23(2):88-96
11248457
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Jun;931:84-96
11462758
Epilepsia. 2007 Jun;48(6):1067-74
17442004
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;62(3):265-8
9069482
Epilepsia. 1997 Jun;38(6):708-15
9186254
Epilepsia. 2004 Oct;45(10):1261-72
15461681
Neurol Clin. 2003 Nov;21(4):933-40
14743657
Lancet Neurol. 2004 Nov;3(11):663-72
15488459
Nat Neurosci. 2003 Mar;6(3):309-15
12548289
Epilepsy Res. 2001 Jan;43(1):75-84
11137389
Epilepsia. 1998 Sep;39(9):913-21
9738670
Ambul Pediatr. 2007 Jan-Feb;7(1 Suppl):73-81
17261486
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1979 Oct;21(5):630-6
510818
Neurology. 2003 Jul 8;61(1):64-70
12847158
J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67 Suppl 8:21-6
16961426
Epilepsia. 2006;47 Suppl 2:119-25
17105481
Brain. 2006 Oct;129(Pt 10):2609-19
16928696
Pediatrics. 2003 Dec;112(6 Pt 1):1338-44
14654607
Epilepsia. 2007 May;48(5):907-12
17430406
Arch Dis Child. 1992 Nov;67(11):1330-7
1471883
Epilepsy Res. 1995 Oct;22(2):65-95
8777903
Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Oct;5 Suppl 3:S33-41
15351344
Nature. 2000 Mar 9;404(6774):190-3
10724172
Neuropsychol Rev. 2007 Dec;17(4):413-25
17943448
Pediatrics. 2001 Jan;107(1):115-22
11134444
Epilepsia. 1997 Apr;38(4):424-9
9118847
Epilepsy Behav. 2004 Feb;5 Suppl 1:S25-34
14725844
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2006;30(1):85-96
16120462
Epilepsia. 2006;47 Suppl 2:14-8
17105453