title: Spiral ganglion neurones: an overview of morphology, firing behaviour, ionic channels and function.
abstract: The spiral ganglion cells provide the afferent innervation of the hair cells of the organ of Corti. Ninety-five percent of these cells (termed type I spiral ganglion neurones) are in synaptic contact with the inner hair cells, whereas about 5% of them are type II cells, which are responsible for the sensory innervation of the outer hair cells. To understand the function of the spiral ganglion neurones, it is important to explore their membrane properties, understand their activity patterns and describe the variety of ionic channels determining their behaviour. In this review, a brief description is given of the various experimental methods that allow the investigation of the spiral ganglion cells, followed by the discussion of their action potential firing patterns and ionic conductances. The presence, distribution and significance of the K(+) currents of the spiral ganglion cells are specifically addressed, along with the introduction of the putative subunit compositions of the relevant voltage-gated K(+) channels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P O Box 22, H-4012, Hungary. rz@phys.dote.hu
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rusznák
authors.forename: Géza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szucs
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000166:cytology; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D013136:Spiral Ganglion / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; C518911:neurotropin 3, mouse; C020273:dendrotoxin; D011188:Potassium
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2002 Jun 10;447(4):331-50
references.pmid: 11992520
references.citation: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1990 May;99(5 Pt 1):340-8
references.pmid: 2337313
references.citation: J Physiol. 1993 Jan;460:407-25
references.pmid: 8487202
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1972 Feb-Mar;73(2):235-48
references.pmid: 5015157
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2000 Sep 25;425(3):436-46
references.pmid: 10972943
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1979 Jan 15;34(2):389-93
references.pmid: 217706
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Oct;60(10):2189-99
references.pmid: 14618265
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 30;201(3):1263-9
references.pmid: 8024570
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 2002 Nov;16(10):1887-95
references.pmid: 12453052
references.citation: Nature. 1989 Aug 31;340(6236):715-8
references.pmid: 2475782
references.citation: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1979 Nov-Dec;88(6 Pt 3 Suppl 62):1-17
references.pmid: 118697
references.citation: Hear Res. 1985 Jan;17(1):1-12
references.pmid: 3997676
references.citation: Hear Res. 2005 Mar;201(1-2):132-44
references.pmid: 15721568
references.citation: Hear Res. 1989 Nov;42(2-3):167-73
references.pmid: 2481667
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 1993 Mar;14(3):245-54
references.pmid: 8500138
references.citation: Eur J Neurosci. 1997 Nov;9(11):2348-58
references.pmid: 9464929
references.citation: Brain Res. 1989 May 15;487(1):9-15
references.pmid: 2752290
references.citation: J Neurochem. 1992 Jul;59(1):93-8
references.pmid: 1351933
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1987;65(2):261-70
references.pmid: 3549347
references.citation: J Physiol. 1999 Aug 1;518 ( Pt 3):667-80
references.pmid: 10420005
references.citation: Hear Res. 1978 Oct;1(1):31-4
references.pmid: 230173
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 17;278(42):40890-8
references.pmid: 12923191
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 Feb;280(2):F214-22
references.pmid: 11208596
references.citation: Hear Res. 1991 Sep;55(1):81-91
references.pmid: 1752797
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1946 Apr;84:141-219
references.pmid: 20982804
references.citation: Hear Res. 1985;20(1):79-84
references.pmid: 2416731
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1988 Sep;60(3):853-68
references.pmid: 3171663
references.citation: Acta Physiol Hung. 2004;91(2):83-98
references.pmid: 15484709
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1996 Jul 15;16(14):4457-67
references.pmid: 8699256
references.citation: Hear Res. 2006 Dec;222(1-2):89-99
references.pmid: 17079103
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 Feb;5(2):147-54
references.pmid: 11802170
references.citation: Neurochem Res. 1998 Aug;23(8):1133-8
references.pmid: 9704604
references.citation: Hear Res. 1984 Aug;15(2):113-21
references.pmid: 6490538
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1984 Feb 20;223(2):163-76
references.pmid: 6200517
references.citation: Neuron. 1995 Jun;14(6):1153-64
references.pmid: 7605630
references.citation: J Physiol. 1984 Feb;347:685-96
references.pmid: 6707972
references.citation: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jun;285(3):1051-60
references.pmid: 9618407
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1998 May;79(5):2503-12
references.pmid: 9582223
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1975 Sep 15;163(2):129-58
references.pmid: 1100684
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1983 Mar-Apr;95(3-4):263-76
references.pmid: 6837281
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1987;438:1-18
references.pmid: 3479885
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1997 Apr;77(3):673-82
references.pmid: 9070744
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Jun;77(6):3145-56
references.pmid: 9212264
references.citation: Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 16;231(24):222-3
references.pmid: 4326045
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Dec;78(6):3019-27
references.pmid: 9405521
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1999 Dec;82(6):3307-15
references.pmid: 10601462
references.citation: Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2000 Feb 7;119(2):297-305
references.pmid: 10675781
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1999 Aug 20;10(12):2579-86
references.pmid: 10574373
references.citation: ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1995 Mar-Apr;57(2):68-77
references.pmid: 7537360
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2003 Jul;90(1):444-55
references.pmid: 12660354
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2004 Mar 1;15(3):437-41
references.pmid: 15094499
references.citation: J Electron Microsc Tech. 1990 Jun;15(2):144-54
references.pmid: 2355266
references.citation: Hear Res. 1999 Dec;138(1-2):73-80
references.pmid: 10575116
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2006 Feb 6;17(2):135-9
references.pmid: 16407759
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1987 Jul-Aug;104(1-2):29-39
references.pmid: 3661162
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 2003 Jan;51(1):1-4
references.pmid: 12502748
references.citation: J Physiol. 2003 Apr 1;548(Pt 1):1-20
references.pmid: 12611922
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1975 May 15;161(2):159-81
references.pmid: 47866
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2002;109(1):169-82
references.pmid: 11784708
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Feb 15;22(4):1385-96
references.pmid: 11850465
references.citation: Hear Res. 1993 Sep;69(1-2):215-20
references.pmid: 8226342
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Jan 21;24(3):733-42
references.pmid: 14736859
references.citation: Hear Res. 1997 Aug;110(1-2):179-90
references.pmid: 9282900
references.citation: Hear Res. 2003 Jan;175(1-2):165-70
references.pmid: 12527134
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2004 Nov 10;24(45):10167-75
references.pmid: 15537887
references.citation: J Physiol. 1972 Oct;226(1):263-87
references.pmid: 5083170
references.citation: Hear Res. 1999 Oct;136(1-2):151-8
references.pmid: 10511634
references.citation: Neuroscience. 2006;137(1):275-86
references.pmid: 16289350
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 2004 Apr;27(4):210-7
references.pmid: 15046880
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 2003 Aug;313(2):177-86
references.pmid: 12845523
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2001 Feb 12;12(2):275-9
references.pmid: 11209934
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6324-7
references.pmid: 1631126
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1997 Mar;77(3):1294-305
references.pmid: 9084597
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2001 Sep 1;21(17):6553-60
references.pmid: 11517244
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1996 Jul;116(4):552-60
references.pmid: 8831841
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1998 Dec 7;402(1):129-39
references.pmid: 9831050
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Aug 17;25(33):7558-66
references.pmid: 16107643
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Jul 20;25(29):6857-68
references.pmid: 16033895
references.citation: Hear Res. 1994 Nov;80(2):233-40
references.pmid: 7896581
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2000 Dec 15;104(1):77-86
references.pmid: 11163413
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1993 Aug;13(8):3599-611
references.pmid: 8393487
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2006 Apr 3;17(5):475-9
references.pmid: 16543810
references.citation: Hear Res. 1985 May;18(2):111-20
references.pmid: 4044415
references.citation: Toxicon. 2001 Jan;39(1):15-26
references.pmid: 10936620
references.citation: Brain Res. 1999 Nov 6;846(2):196-203
references.pmid: 10556636
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 Nov-Dec;90(5-6):391-7
references.pmid: 7211332
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1992 Oct;68(4):1384-400
references.pmid: 1331356
references.citation: Hear Res. 1983 Feb;9(2):173-84
references.pmid: 6833161
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1967;:Suppl 226:1-78
references.pmid: 4872926
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 23;95(13):7693-8
references.pmid: 9636212
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1979 Mar-Apr;87(3-4):381-7
references.pmid: 443019
references.citation: Hear Res. 1986;21(2):161-5
references.pmid: 3700254
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1982 Nov;72(5):1441-9
references.pmid: 7175031
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1998 Oct 26;400(3):299-309
references.pmid: 9779936
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Mar;76(3):1506-9
references.pmid: 312502
references.citation: J Physiol. 1990 Feb;421:263-91
references.pmid: 2348394
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Oct;277(4):C638-44
references.pmid: 10516093
references.citation: J Physiol. 2003 Oct 15;552(Pt 2):525-33
references.pmid: 14561834
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1992;91(1):1-11
references.pmid: 1363789
references.citation: Brain Res. 1985 Jul 8;338(1):1-11
references.pmid: 3896390
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2000 Oct 1;62(1):40-55
references.pmid: 11002286
references.citation: Nature. 2000 May 11;405(6783):149-55
references.pmid: 10821263
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 18;97(2):883-8
references.pmid: 10639174
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1988 Jan;24(1):29-38
references.pmid: 3285238
references.citation: J Physiol. 1990 Jan;420:185-206
references.pmid: 1691290
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1990 Nov;10(11):3664-84
references.pmid: 1700083
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1987;436:76-84
references.pmid: 3478961
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1987 Jun 22;260(4):591-604
references.pmid: 3611412
references.citation: Int J Dev Neurosci. 1993 Aug;11(4):507-12
references.pmid: 8237466
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1980 Jul 15;192(2):265-91
references.pmid: 7400399
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1992 Dec;51(3):631-9
references.pmid: 1283207
references.citation: Brain Res. 1976 Jun 18;109(3):487-96
references.pmid: 1276931
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2002 Jun;87(6):2734-40
references.pmid: 12037175
references.citation: Hear Res. 1997 Jun;108(1-2):157-79
references.pmid: 9213129
references.citation: Hear Res. 1998 Jul;121(1-2):112-24
references.pmid: 9682814
references.citation: Brain Res. 2008 May 19;1210:148-62
references.pmid: 18410910
references.citation: Laryngoscope. 1990 Feb;100(2 Pt 2 Suppl 50):19-24
references.pmid: 2299966
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1987 Jan 22;255(4):560-70
references.pmid: 3819031
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1992 Dec;3(12):1145-8
references.pmid: 1337286
references.citation: Hear Res. 1994 May;75(1-2):121-30
references.pmid: 8071139
references.citation: Hear Res. 1993 Sep;69(1-2):182-93
references.pmid: 7693641
references.citation: Neuroscience. 1992 Dec;51(3):621-30
references.pmid: 1336823
references.citation: Hear Res. 1999 Sep;135(1-2):124-34
references.pmid: 10491961
references.citation: Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):745-52
references.pmid: 2414845
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1990 Nov 15;301(3):443-60
references.pmid: 2262601
references.citation: J Physiol. 1990 Dec;431:291-318
references.pmid: 1712843
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 2007 Jan;127(1):8-12
references.pmid: 17364322
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Dec;15(12):8011-22
references.pmid: 8613738
references.citation: Int Tinnitus J. 2007;13(1):21-8
references.pmid: 17691659
references.citation: Brain Res. 1998 Sep 14;805(1-2):181-90
references.pmid: 9733963
references.citation: Hear Res. 2004 Jul;193(1-2):1-8
references.pmid: 15219314
references.citation: Hear Res. 1991 Jan;51(1):55-72
references.pmid: 2013546
references.citation: Hear Res. 2003 Mar;177(1-2):71-80
references.pmid: 12618319
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 2):2338-53
references.pmid: 7891171
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 1992 May 8;319(2):312-8
references.pmid: 1381729
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 Dec;271(6 Pt 1):C1817-27
references.pmid: 8997181
references.citation: Pflugers Arch. 1994 Oct;428(3-4):382-90
references.pmid: 7816560
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1991 Aug;1(2):215-20
references.pmid: 1821184
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2000 Jan 1;20(1):114-22
references.pmid: 10627587
references.citation: Hear Res. 1995 Nov;91(1-2):196-201
references.pmid: 8647721
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 1976 Feb;24(2):468-70
references.pmid: 1254943
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1997 Jul;117(4):545-52
references.pmid: 9288210
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1997 Feb 10;8(3):591-6
references.pmid: 9106729
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1978 Feb;63(2):442-55
references.pmid: 670542
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1998 Sep 1;201(1):90-100
references.pmid: 9733576
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2000 Apr 7;11(5):957-61
references.pmid: 10790863
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1981 May-Jun;91(5-6):451-6
references.pmid: 7023177
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2001 Jan 8;429(2):289-98
references.pmid: 11116221
references.citation: Hear Res. 1990 Jan;43(2-3):251-61
references.pmid: 2312416
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1969 Feb-Mar;67(2):239-54
references.pmid: 5374642
references.citation: Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Jun;45(6):1227-34
references.pmid: 7517498
references.citation: Hear Res. 1989 Apr;38(3):229-42
references.pmid: 2708165
references.citation: Arch Klin Exp Ohren Nasen Kehlkopfheilkd. 1971;200(4):275-91
references.pmid: 5159190
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1975 Jan-Feb;79(1-2):11-23
references.pmid: 1146528
references.citation: Hear Res. 1988 Nov;36(2-3):213-20
references.pmid: 2905359
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1991 Sep;11(9):2865-80
references.pmid: 1880553
references.citation: Glia. 1997 Jun;20(2):127-34
references.pmid: 9179597
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1998 Dec;80(6):2824-35
references.pmid: 9862887
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 2005 Sep;125(9):929-34
references.pmid: 16193584
references.citation: Am J Otolaryngol. 1985 Nov-Dec;6(6):453-67
references.pmid: 3909832
references.citation: Hear Res. 1985;20(3):199-205
references.pmid: 3878839
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 2003 Feb;10(3):139-47
references.pmid: 12565684
references.citation: Acta Otolaryngol. 1980 Jan-Feb;89(1-2):53-62
references.pmid: 7405577
references.citation: J Physiol. 2002 Aug 1;542(Pt 3):763-78
references.pmid: 12154177