title: Psychological issues in oral and maxillofacial reconstructive surgery.
abstract: Many psychological problems affect patients who have oral and maxillofacial operations. This article reviews these problems among patients with craniofacial conditions, facial injuries, facial cancer, and those having orthognathic surgery. Facial cosmetic surgery is not addressed. Problems such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, poor social relationships, and changes in body image are considered. The roles of mental health professionals is emphasised to enhance postoperative satisfaction and to provide a better quality of life for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Carmel, 18, St. Francis Avenue, Willingdon Colony, Off S.V. Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai 400054, India. avinashdes999@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Sousa
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001828:Body Image; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000523:psychology; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept