title: Contrast-enhanced power and color Doppler ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy and diseased cats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of feline pancreatic disease is difficult, because clinical abnormalities and routine noninvasive diagnostic tests are unreliable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate by Doppler ultrasonography if vascularity and blood volume differs in the otherwise ultrasonographically normal and diseased feline pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six client owned cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pancreas was examined with B-mode and contrast-enhanced color and power Doppler ultrasonography. Doppler images were analyzed with a computer program: parameter fractional area represents a vascularity index and color-weighted fractional area assesses blood volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the B-mode findings, the pancreas was considered normal in 11 clinically healthy cats and diseased in 25 cats of which 4 were clinically healthy and 21 had clinical signs consistent with pancreatic disease. Histologic or cytologic samples were taken in all diseased pancreata. Fifteen samples were of diagnostic quality: purulent or mixed cellular inflammation (8), nodular hyperplasia (4), and neoplasia (3) were identified. Vascularity and blood volume for all Doppler methods was significantly higher in cats with pancreatic disease. Significantly higher Doppler values were detected with power Doppler than with color Doppler, and with postcontrast color and power Doppler than with precontrast Doppler technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced Doppler ultrasonography appears feasible in the feline pancreas. Significant differences were found between normal cats and those with evidence of pancreatic pathology. Further studies are needed to evaluate its use for the differentiation of pancreatic disorders and in cats suspected to have pancreatic disease but without B-mode ultrasonographic changes of the pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Section of Diagnostic Imaging and Radio-Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. nrademacher@vetmed.lsu.edu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rademacher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohlerth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laluhova
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sieber-Ruckstuhl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grest
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaser-Hotz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002415:Cats; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C072098:aginactin protein, Dictyostelium