title: Demographic and health surveillance: longitudinal ethical considerations.
abstract: Longitudinal data gathered from health surveillance, when combined with detailed demographic information, can provide invaluable insight into disease outcomes. Many such surveillance sites exist in the developing world, particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, and focus on diseases such as HIV/AIDS, cholera, malaria and tuberculosis. The indistinct positions of such surveillance systems, often inhabiting an area between research, treatment and population health monitoring, means that the necessity of and responsibility for ethical oversight is unclear. This regulatory vacuum is further compounded by a lack of attention to longitudinal surveillance systems in ethics literature. In this paper, we explore some key ethical questions that arise during demographic and health surveillance in relation to ethical principles of beneficence, respect for persons and justice: health-care provision, informed consent and study sustainability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America. mcarrel@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrel
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rennie
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D003710:Demography; D003906:Developing Countries; D032984:Ethics, Research; D014943:Global Health; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D028681:Moral Obligations; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000941:ethics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012935:Social Justice; D012941:Social Responsibility
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