title: Expression profile analysis of genes involved in cell wall regeneration during protoplast culture in cotton by suppression subtractive hybridization and macroarray.
abstract: The molecular mechanisms underlying cell wall biosynthesis are poorly understood. In this study, microscopic analysis showed that protoplasts generated a new cell wall within 48 h after transfer to a wall-regeneration medium. To identify genes related to cell wall biosynthesis in cotton, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to visualize differential gene expression at seven time points within the first 48 h. In total, 412 differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs; >3-fold) were identified, and 210 unigenes were sequenced successfully. As confirmed by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis, the selected genes displayed complex expression patterns during cell wall regeneration from protoplasts and included most previously published cell-wall-associated genes. ESTs similar to cell-wall-protein genes, such as proline-rich protein (PRPL), glycine-rich protein (GRP), extension (EPR1), fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein (FLA2), and expensing-like protein (EXLA and EXLB), which might participate in primary cell wall or secondary cell wall construction and modification, were up-regulated during cell wall regeneration from protoplasts. Sucrose synthase, an important enzyme in the sugar signalling pathway, played important roles in cellulose biosynthesis. Our findings also highlighted the function of some transcription factors during cell wall regeneration from protoplasts, including the squamosa promoter binding protein-like 14 (SPL14), NAC, Gbiaa-re, MYB, WRKY, swellmap 1 (SMP1), RAD5, and zinc finger family protein, as well as the enrichment of Ca(2+)-calmodulin signal molecules. On the basis of the gene expression profiles, a model of cell wall regeneration from protoplasts derived from cotton suspension cultures is proposed.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Longfu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000502:physiology*; D012038:Regeneration; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2003 Sep;15(9):2076-92
references.pmid: 12953112
references.citation: Planta. 1984 Jul;161(5):465-9
references.pmid: 24253848
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2005 Sep;139(1):341-52
references.pmid: 16126865
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2005 May;58(2):177-92
references.pmid: 16027973
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2004 May;55(3):311-4
references.pmid: 15604683
references.citation: Plant J. 2004 Oct;40(2):260-75
references.pmid: 15447652
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Mar;86(5):1529-33
references.pmid: 16578841
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Sep;58(10):1361-2
references.pmid: 11693519
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2000 Sep;12(9):1751-68
references.pmid: 11006345
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1998 Apr;116(4):1539-49
references.pmid: 9536073
references.citation: Planta. 1989 Oct;179(3):293-308
references.pmid: 24201658
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2001 Sep;58(10):1430-41
references.pmid: 11693524
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Sep 21;407(6802):321-6
references.pmid: 11014181
references.citation: Mol Biol (Mosk). 2006 Sep-Oct;40(5):825-34
references.pmid: 17086983
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 26;99(24):15794-9
references.pmid: 12438691
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Jan;60(2):167-83
references.pmid: 16429258
references.citation: Planta. 2004 May;219(1):185-9
references.pmid: 15045588
references.citation: Development. 2000 Aug;127(15):3395-405
references.pmid: 10887094
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 27;278(26):23545-52
references.pmid: 12697758
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Jun;46(6):843-57
references.pmid: 15769804
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2001 Jan;125(1):131-4
references.pmid: 11154315
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2002 Jun;14(6):1359-75
references.pmid: 12084832
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;47(1-2):209-19
references.pmid: 11554473
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2004 May;9(5):244-52
references.pmid: 15130550
references.citation: Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2002 Nov;69(3):179-88
references.pmid: 12204446
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1984 Jun;75(2):382-6
references.pmid: 16663631
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2000 Oct;21(16):3396-410
references.pmid: 11079560
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2004 Apr;54(6):911-29
references.pmid: 15604659
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2006 Mar;47(3):309-18
references.pmid: 16415066
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2002;3(1):RESEARCH0001
references.pmid: 11806824
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 1997 May;34(1):111-8
references.pmid: 9177317
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2003 Dec;133(4):1911-25
references.pmid: 14645732
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1997 Dec;9(12):2159-70
references.pmid: 9437861
references.citation: Org Biomol Chem. 2004 Oct 7;2(19):2714-5
references.pmid: 15455138
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1998 Oct;118(2):399-406
references.pmid: 9765525
references.citation: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1997;13:171-201
references.pmid: 9442872
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;47(1-2):29-51
references.pmid: 11554477
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1998 May;66(5):2052-9
references.pmid: 9573088
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;47(1-2):179-95
references.pmid: 11554471
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2006 Mar;18(3):651-64
references.pmid: 16461577
references.citation: Planta. 1990 Mar;180(4):502-9
references.pmid: 24202094
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2004 Oct;136(2):3003-8; discussion 3001
references.pmid: 15489283
references.citation: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2000 Aug;75(3):437-75
references.pmid: 11034018
references.citation: J Plant Res. 2006 May;119(3):189-94
references.pmid: 16552477
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1989 Oct;3(10):1639-46
references.pmid: 2612909
references.citation: Plant J. 1991 Sep;1(2):175-83
references.pmid: 1844883
references.citation: Gene. 1999 Sep 3;237(1):91-104
references.pmid: 10524240
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2004 May;135(1):507-15
references.pmid: 15133151
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6574-8
references.pmid: 11607483
references.citation: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;47:127-158
references.pmid: 15012285
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jun 15;405(6788):837-46
references.pmid: 10866210
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14732-7
references.pmid: 11724959
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2002 Jun;23(11):1754-65
references.pmid: 12179997
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Sep;47(1-2):221-38
references.pmid: 11554474
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2002 Apr;30(2):298-301
references.pmid: 12023868
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 26;92(20):9353-7
references.pmid: 7568131
references.citation: Planta. 2002 Jan;214(3):345-55
references.pmid: 11855639
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2001 Apr;13(4):769-79
references.pmid: 11283335