title: Effects of bradykinin on venous capacitance in health and treated chronic heart failure.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the effects of basal and intra-arterial infusion of bradykinin on unstressed forearm vascular volume (a measure of venous tone) and blood flow in healthy volunteers (n=20) and in chronic heart failure patients treated with ACEIs [ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors] (n=16) and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) (n=14). We used radionuclide plethysmography to examine the effects of bradykinin and of the bradykinin antagonists B9340 [B1 (type 1)/B2 (type 2) receptor antagonist] and HOE140 (B2 antagonist). Bradykinin infusion increased unstressed forearm vascular volume in a similar dose-dependent manner in healthy volunteers and ARB-treated CHF patients (healthy volunteers maximum 12.3+/-2.1%, P<0.001 compared with baseline; ARB-treated CHF patients maximum 9.3+/-3.3%, P<0.05 compared with baseline; P=not significant for difference between groups), but the increase in unstressed volume in ACEI-treated CHF patients was higher (maximum 28.8+/-7.8%, P<0.001 compared with baseline; P<0.05 for the difference between groups). In contrast, while the increase in blood flow in healthy volunteers (maximum 362+/-9%, P<0.001) and in ACEI-treated CHF patients (maximum 376+/-12%, P<0.001) was similar (P=not significant for the difference between groups), the increase in ARB-treated CHF patients was less (maximum 335+/-7%, P<0.001; P<0.05 for the difference between groups). Infusion of each receptor antagonist alone similarly reduced basal unstressed volume and blood flow in ACEI-treated CHF patients, but not in healthy volunteers or ARB-treated CHF patients. In conclusion, bradykinin does not contribute to basal venous tone in health, but in ACEI-treated chronic heart failure it does. In ARB-treated heart failure, venous responses to bradykinin are preserved but arterial responses are reduced compared with healthy controls. Bradykinin-mediated vascular responses in both health and heart failure are mediated by the B2, rather than the B1, receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK. gunaruwan@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunaruwan
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maher
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharman
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frenneaux
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; C098525:B 9340; D065168:Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C065679:icatibant; D001920:Bradykinin
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