title: Glutathione transferase P1: an endogenous inhibitor of allergic responses in a mouse model of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although epidemiological studies have linked asthma susceptibility and severity to polymorphisms in human glutathione transferase Pi (GSTP) 1, there is no direct evidence for a functional involvement of GSTP1 in processes that are pathognomic of asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of GSTP1 in modulating the development of allergic airways disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allergic airways disease was induced in wild-type (WT) and Gstp-null mice employing both acute and chronic models. Eosinophilia, goblet cells, and remodeling were quantified by histological assessment; respiratory function was determined using invasive methods. ELISA was used to evaluate Th2 cytokines, eotaxin, and phospho-c-Jun. Gstp1/2 expression was quantified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with allergic WT mice, eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, airway remodeling, lung resistance, and IL-5 were enhanced in allergic Gstp-null mice. However, the protective efficacy of GSTP1 was mouse-strain dependent, and associated with inherent variation in expression of Gstp1. Although elevated levels of phospho-c-Jun were detected in Gstp-null mice, treatment of WT mice with a GSTP/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitory peptide enhanced phospho-c-Jun and significantly attenuated allergic responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSTP1 attenuates the severity of allergic airways disease. However, the efficacy of GSTP1 correlated with mouse strain-dependent variation in Gstp1 expression. Although GSTP1 attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation, treatment with a GSTP/JNK inhibitory peptide revealed an inverse relationship between c-Jun phosphorylation and allergic responses, indicating that the mechanism by which GSTP attenuates allergic responses is not dependent on the JNK/c-Jun axis. Our data, together with epidemiological evidence, suggest variation in expression and/or function of this protein is an important determinant in asthma pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Bioscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiansheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: C Roland
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Colin J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Yeping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Board
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Dianne C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; C496557:Gstp1 protein, mouse; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases