title: The beneficial effect of Rheum tanguticum polysaccharide on protecting against diarrhea, colonic inflammation and ulceration in rats with TNBS-induced colitis: the role of macrophage mannose receptor in inflammation and immune response.
abstract: Rhubarb has been used as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal disease in China for over two thousand years. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Rheum tanguticum polysaccharide (RTP), a water soluble fraction extracted from rhubarb, on protection from inflammation and colonic damage in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. RTP protected against diarrhea, colon weight increase, and ulceration induced by TNBS. It was at least as effective as dexamethasone (DEX). RTP significantly decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the colonic mucosa. Oral administration of RTP was as effective as intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on toxicity protection and MPO activity. To further investigate the possible underlying mechanism, we studied the role of mannose receptor (MR) in cytokine secretion, ligand binding and endocytosis of macrophages. The secretion of IFN-gamma was dramatically increased while IL-4 decreased in colitis compared to the control (normal rats), and RTP restored the condition similar to the control in vivo. The secretion of IFN-gamma by macrophages was induced by RTP and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) but not mannose in vitro. Mannose completely inhibited the effect of RTP, while RTP and LAM affected each other on IFN-gamma secretion. The MR-mediated ligand binding and endocytosis of macrophages were markedly decreased in colitis and RTP restored their function to near normal condition. The results indicated that RTP targeted MR and down-regulation of Th1-polarized immune response may be the possible mechanism for its attenuation of intestinal inflammation and damage. RTP may be useful for treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xian 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhenjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhengguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhenguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shousong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Qibing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008358:Mannose / Q000494:pharmacology; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012250:Rheum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C050016:lipoarabinomannan; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D008358:Mannose