Ca(2+) signaling by T-type Ca(2+) channels in neurons.
Among the major families of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, the low-voltage-activated channels formed by the Ca(v)3 subunits, referred to as T-type Ca(2+) channels, have recently gained increased interest in terms of the intracellular Ca(2+) signals generated upon their activation. Here, we provide an overview of recent reports documenting that T-type Ca(2+) channels act as an important Ca(2+) source in a wide range of neuronal cell types. The work is focused on T-type Ca(2+) channels in neurons, but refers to non-neuronal cells in cases where exemplary functions for Ca(2+) entering through T-type Ca(2+) channels have been described. Notably, Ca(2+) influx through T-type Ca(2+) channels is the predominant Ca(2+) source in several neuronal cell types and carries out specific signaling roles. We also emphasize that Ca(2+) signaling through T-type Ca(2+) channels occurs often in select subcellular compartments, is mediated through strategically co-localized targets, and is exploited for unique physiological functions.
Cueni
Lucius
L
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Canepari
Marco
M
Adelman
John P
JP
Lüthi
Anita
A
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology
D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D002118:Calcium
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