Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands: novel pharmacological agents in the treatment of ischemia reperfusion injury.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands constitute important insulin sensitizers that have already been used for the treatment of human metabolic disorders, exerting also pleiotropic effects on inflammatory related diseases and cancer. Ischemia-reperfusion injury that is mainly associated with organ transplantation constitutes a serious complication with a great relevance in clinical practice. Accumulating experimental data have recently revealed that natural and synthetic PPAR-gamma ligands exert beneficial effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present review summarizes the available information on the role of PPAR-gamma ligands in ischemia-reperfusion injury amongst the different organ systems. Taking into consideration the data so far, PPAR-gamma ligands seem to represent potential therapeutic agents in the aim to reduce or even prevent injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion.
Giaginis
Costas
C
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
Tsourouflis
Gerasimos
G
Theocharis
Stamatios
S
D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008024:Ligands; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D008024:Ligands; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide