title: A signaling-regulated, short-chain dehydrogenase of Stagonospora nodorum regulates asexual development.
abstract: The fungus Stagonospora nodorum is a causal agent of leaf and glume blotch disease of wheat. It has been previously shown that inactivation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling in Stagonospora nodorum caused development defects and reduced pathogenicity [P. S. Solomon et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 17:456-466, 2004]. In this study, we sought to identify targets of the signaling pathway that may have contributed to phenotypic defects of the signaling mutants. A comparative analysis of Stagonospora nodorum wild-type and Galpha-defective mutant (gna1) intracellular proteomes was performed via two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several proteins showed significantly altered abundances when comparing the two strains. One such protein, the short-chain dehydrogenase Sch1, was 18-fold less abundant in the gna1 strain, implying that it is positively regulated by Galpha signaling. Gene expression and transcriptional enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion analyses of Sch1 indicates strong expression during asexual development. Mutant strains of Stagonospora nodorum lacking Sch1 demonstrated poor growth on minimal media and exhibited a significant reduction in asexual sporulation on all growth media examined. Detailed histological experiments on sch1 pycnidia revealed that the gene is required for the differentiation of the subparietal layers of asexual pycnidia resulting in a significant reduction in both pycnidiospore size and numbers.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch 6150, Australia.
authors.forename: Kar-Chun
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Heazlewood
authors.forename: A Harvey
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Solomon
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012100:Reproduction, Asexual; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D010088:Oxidoreductases
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