title: Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT: algorithm-specific influence of reorientation on calculation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction.
abstract: Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT allows calculation of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes (EDV and ESV, respectively) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The quantification algorithms QGS (quantitative gated SPECT), 4D-MSPECT, and CARE heart show a good correlation with cardiac MRI. Nevertheless, differences in contour finding suggest algorithm-specific effects if heart axes vary. The effect of tilting heart axes on gated SPECT was quantified as a possible source of error.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty men underwent gated SPECT (450 MBq of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin or sestamibi, 8 gates/cycle). After correct reorientation (R(0)), datasets were tilted by 5 degrees , 10 degrees , 15 degrees , 20 degrees , 30 degrees , and 45 degrees along both long axes (R(5), R(10), R(15), R(20), R(30), and R(45), respectively). EDV, ESV, and LVEF were calculated using QGS, 4D-MSPECT, and CARE heart. Because a 15 degrees tilt could be a maximum possible misreorientation in routine, R(0) and R(15) results were analyzed in detail. Absolute-difference values between results of tilted and correctly reoriented datasets were calculated for all tilts and algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QGS and CARE heart succeeded for R(0) and R(15) in all cases, whereas 4D-MSPECT failed to find the basal plane in 1 case (patient B). R(2) values between paired R(15)/R(0) results were 0.992 (QGS), 0.796 (4D-MSPECT; R(2) = 0.919 in n = 59 after exclusion of the failed case), and 0.916 (CARE heart) for EDV; 0.994 (QGS), 0.852 (4D-MSPECT; R(2) = 0.906 in n = 59), and 0.899 (CARE heart) for ESV; and 0.988 (QGS), 0.814 (4D-MSPECT; R(2) = 0.810 in n = 59), and 0.746 (CARE heart) for LVEF. Concerning all levels of misreorientation, 1 patient was excluded for all algorithms because of multiple problems in contour finding; additionally for 4D-MSPECT patient B was excluded. In the 45 degrees group, QGS succeeded in 58 of 59 cases, 4D-MSPECT in 58 of 58, and CARE heart in 33 of 59. Mean absolute differences for EDV ranged from 5.1 +/- 4.1 to 12.8 +/- 10.5 mL for QGS, from 6.7 +/- 6.3 to 34.2 +/- 20.7 mL for 4D-MSPECT, and from 5.4 +/- 5.6 to 25.2 +/- 16.1 mL for CARE heart (tilts between 5 degrees and 45 degrees ). Mean absolute differences for ESV ranged from 4.1 +/- 3.7 to 8.0 +/- 9.4 mL for QGS, from 5.6 +/- 8.0 to 10.0 +/- 10.5 mL for 4D-MSPECT, and from 5.4 +/- 5.6 to 25.5 +/- 16.1 mL for CARE heart. Mean absolute differences for LVEF ranged from 1.1% +/- 1.0% to 2.2% +/- 1.8% for QGS, from 4.0% +/- 3.5% to 8.0% +/- 7.1% for 4D-MSPECT, and from 3.4% +/- 2.9% to 9.2% +/- 6.0% for CARE heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite tilted heart axes, QGS showed stable results even when using tilts up to 45 degrees . 4D-MSPECT and CARE heart results varied with reorientation of the heart axis, implying that published validation results apply to correctly reoriented data only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany. dknollmann@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knollmann
authors.forename: Oliver H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Winz
authors.forename: Philipp T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Mardjan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raptis
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: Karl-Christian
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Wolfgang M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010477:Perfusion; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C078700:technetium tc-99m tetrofosmin; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi