title: The effect of head protection on the hearing of rugby players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Professional rugby players utilise various methods of head protection to prevent against the development of a pinna haematoma. This study tests the hypothesis that these measures, whilst preventing injury, decrease the wearers' hearing threshold and therefore their performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients had free field audiometry performed in a soundproof room, with warble tones. All patients were young men (mean 24.75 years (range 22-34)). No participant had ear symptomatology or a past history of ear surgery. Three separate audiological assessments were performed on each patient: normal free field audiometry in a sound field room, following application of adhesive tape and whilst wearing a scrum cap. All measurements were performed by a single audiological scientist. A significant clinical drop in hearing threshold was defined as an increase of 10 dB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient demonstrated a significant drop in hearing threshold following the application of either tape or a scrum cap, nor was there a significant difference in the mean (SD) warble tone average: air 7.03 (5.47); tape 7.19 (6.40); scrum cap 6.56 (5.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theoretical concerns that "ear taping" and scrum caps affect hearing of rugby players are unfounded and should not discourage their use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Dooradoyle, Co.Limerick, Ireland. skieran@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kieran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fenton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001299:Audiometry; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000293:injuries; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male