title: A new anti-loxoscelic serum produced against recombinant sphingomyelinase D: results of preclinical trials.
abstract: Envenomation by Loxosceles species (brown spider) can lead to local dermonecrosis and to serious systemic effects. The main toxic component in the venom of these spiders is sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) and various isoforms of this toxin are present in Loxosceles venoms. We have produced a new anti-loxoscelic serum by immunizing horses with recombinant SMase D. In the present study, we compared the neutralization efficacy of the new anti-loxoscelic serum and anti-arachnidic serum (the latter serum is used for therapy for loxoscelism in Brazil) against the toxic effects of venoms from spiders of the genus Loxosceles. Neutralization tests showed that anti-SMase D serum has a higher activity against toxic effects of L. intermedia and L. laeta venoms and similar or slightly weaker activity against toxic effects of L. gaucho than that of Arachnidic serum. These results demonstrate that recombinant SMase D can replace venom for anti-venom production and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil. daniel@butantan.gov.br
authors.forename: Daniel Manzoni
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Matheus de F
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Fernandes-Pedrosa
authors.forename: Rute M Gonçalves
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marcelino
authors.forename: Hisako
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gondo-Higashi
authors.forename: Inácio de L M Junqueira
authors.initials: Ide L
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.forename: Paulo Lee
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Denise V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Tambourgi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D007120:Immunochemistry; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001098:Spider Bites / Q000628:therapy*; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D013112:Spiders / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013111:Spider Venoms; C055161:loxosceles venom; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C055160:sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase D