title: Mixed Candida albicans and Candida glabrata populations associated with the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral yeasts are an important component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity, but they are also associated with various forms of oral candidosis, such as denture stomatitis. Although Candida albicans is the predominant oral fungal pathogen, other species may also play an integral role in pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the mycological ecology in patients with denture stomatitis, using an improved sampling technique, to determine whether species diversity and species quantity were related to oral pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients attending the Glasgow Dental Hospital were enrolled in this study following informed consent. A full clinical history was obtained, including details of their oral hygiene practices and the levels of erythema based on Newton's classification scale. Oral rinse, denture sonicate, and swab samples were taken, which were processed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of oral yeasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients with no inflammation or Newton's Types I, II, and III were 31, 33, 25, and 14%, respectively. Denture sonication was a superior sampling procedure, with statistically greater quantities of yeasts isolated using this methodology (P < 0.01). The predominant oral yeasts isolated were C. albicans (75%) and Candida glabrata (30%), which were isolated in higher proportions in patients with the highest grades of inflammation (100 and 80%), and in combination from 80% of these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that mixed C. albicans and C. glabrata biofilms may play an important role in the pathogenesis associated with severe inflammation in denture wearers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Coco
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bagg
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jose
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003824:Denture, Complete / Q000382:microbiology; D004890:Erythema / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012907:Smoking; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing
chemical_list: D003820:Denture Cleansers