title: Inhibition of fatty-acid synthase induces caspase-8-mediated tumor cell apoptosis by up-regulating DDIT4.
abstract: Fatty-acid synthase (FAS) is up-regulated in a broad range of cancers, including those of the breast, prostate, and ovaries. In tumor cells, the inhibition of FAS elicits cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, so it is considered a potential drug target for oncology. Results from this study show that inhibition of FAS, by either knockdown with small interfering RNA or inhibition with the small molecule drug orlistat, leads to activation of the receptor-mediated apoptotic cascade (caspase-8-mediated) and ultimately to cell death. However, knockdown of two enzymes upstream of FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha and ATP-citrate lyase, fails to activate caspase-8 or to elicit apoptosis in tumor cells, even though palmitate synthesis was suppressed. Using differential gene analysis, we traced the unique apoptotic effect of FAS inhibition to up-regulation of DDIT4 (DNA damage-inducible transcript 4), a stress-response gene that negatively regulates the mTOR pathway. These findings indicate that suppression of palmitate synthesis is not sufficient for eliciting tumor cell death and suggest that the unique effect of inhibition of FAS results from negative regulation of the mTOR pathway via DDIT4.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, Burham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osterman
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053181:Caspase 8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C469991:DDIT4 protein, human; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D053181:Caspase 8
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