Outcome of HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia in hospitalized patients from 2000 through 2003.
BACKGROUND
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected persons. Epidemiology of PCP in the recent era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is not well known and the impact of HAART on outcome of PCP has been debated.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the epidemiology of PCP in HIV-infected patients and examine the impact of HAART on PCP outcome.


METHODS
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 262 patients diagnosed with PCP between January 2000 and December 2003 at a county hospital at an academic medical center. Death while in the hospital was the main outcome measure. Multivariate modeling was performed to determine predictors of mortality.


RESULTS
Overall hospital mortality was 11.6%. Mortality in patients requiring intensive care was 29.0%. The need for mechanical ventilation, development of a pneumothorax, and low serum albumin were independent predictors of increased mortality. One hundred and seven patients received HAART before hospitalization and 16 patients were started on HAART while in the hospital. HAART use either before or during hospitalization was not associated with mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Overall hospital mortality and mortality predictors are similar to those reported earlier in the HAART era. PCP diagnoses in HAART users likely represented failing HAART regimens or non-compliance with HAART.
Radhi
Saba
S
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and the Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. radhi@usc.edu
Alexander
Travis
T
Ukwu
Michelle
M
Saleh
Samer
S
Morris
Alison
A
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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