title: The management of adult growth hormone deficiency syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with hypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is almost inevitably present. Lack of other pituitary hormones may require prompt replacement, but lack of growth hormone (GH) is also associated with several abnormalities. Growth hormone treatment safely improves or normalizes many of these deviations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aberrations include low bone mass and increased risk of fractures, abnormal body composition in terms of increased fat mass, and reduced lean body mass resulting in reduced muscle mass and strength. The decreased exercise capacity in GHD may be influenced by impaired cardiac performance and heat intolerance. Increased abdominal fat results in metabolic disturbancies such as reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperlipidemia, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with hypopituitarism who have had relevant hormones replaced except GH have increased mortality due to, for example, cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, it is important to diagnose GHD, which requires precise diagnostic criteria and methods. Dynamic testing of GH secretion with insulin tolerance test or arginine + GH releasing hormone can be used. Patients with childhood onset GHD should be re-evaluated if GH therapy is maintained into adulthood. Although GH replacement therapy improves the patophysiological manifestations of GHD and quality of life, it is unclear whether mortality is reduced.
authors.affiliation: University of Aarhus, Department of Pharmacology, Bartholin Building, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. tl@farm.au.dk
authors.forename: Torben
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Jens Otto Lunde
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Jens Sandahl
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone