title: Unipolar radiofrequency treatment to improve the appearance of cellulite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest that radiofrequency (RF) energy may be effective as a treatment for cellulite.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This bilateral paired blinded comparative study assesses the efficacy and safety of a unipolar RF device for improving the appearance of cellulite using a new quantitative cellulite grading system.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, blinded, split-design study, 10 individuals (aged 32-57 years) with a clinically observable excess of subcutaneous fat and cellulite (minimum grade 2 out of 4) on the thighs received up to six unilateral treatments (number of treatments at the investigator's discretion) at 2-week intervals with unipolar RF. The untreated side of the thigh served as an internal control. Treated thighs were randomly assigned by alternate allocation. Results were evaluated using study participant questionnaires and by two blinded evaluators (JSD, KAA) using photographs and the author's (MAA) cellulite grading scale at each treatment visit and at 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits after the final treatment. A novel quantitative four-point cellulite grading system is presented and applied, which separately grades dimple density, dimple distribution, dimple depth, diameter and contour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants responded to treatment (mean of 4.22 and range of three to six treatments). The blinded evaluations of photographs using the cellulite grading scale demonstrated the following mean grading scores for the treated leg versus the control leg: dimple density of 2.73 vs 3.18 (11.25% mean improvement), dimple distribution 2.89 vs 3.32 (10.75% mean improvement), dimple depth 1.47 vs 1.54 (2.5% mean improvement), and mean score of 2.36 (SEM 0.45) vs 2.68 (SEM 0.57) (8.00+/-2.84% mean improvement). The treatment was painless and side effects included minimal to moderate erythema which resolved within 1 to 3 hours. No crusting, scarring or dyspigmentation was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This randomized, blinded, split-design, controlled study employing a quantitative four-point grading scale demonstrated that this unipolar RF device is safe for the treatment of cellulite. Clinically visible and quantified improvement which did not achieve statistical significance but showed a trend toward improvement was observed in all patients following a mean of four treatments at 2-week intervals.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. dralexiades@nyderm.org
authors.forename: Macrene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexiades-Armenakas
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dover
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D013848:Thigh