title: Sleep disturbances in women with HIV or AIDS: efficacy of a tailored sleep promotion intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor sleep is a frequent complaint of persons with HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To pilot test a tailored sleep promotion intervention protocol based on principles of sleep hygiene in a convenience sample of 30 HIV seropositive women.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline and 1 week after implementing the intervention, sleep was assessed by self-report measures and wrist actigraphy. Objective sleep measures include total sleep time, number of awakenings, and sleep efficiency, as well as level of daytime activity, 24-hr activity rhythm, and amount of sleep during the day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to the intervention, women averaged 6.4 hr (SD = 1.99) of sleep, and 67% (n = 20) of the sample napped more than 30 min per day. After allowing 1 week to implement sleep hygiene principles to promote healthy sleep behaviors, there was a significant improvement in their perception of sleep and a significant change in their 24-hr activity rhythm. This involved more activity and less napping during the day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was minimal change in objective measures of nighttime sleep for the group as a whole, those with initiation insomnia and maintenance insomnia benefited most from the intervention. These findings support the utility of a tailored sleep promotion intervention for women who are HIV positive to address their unique form of sleep disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles School of Nursing, University of California, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Angela L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Carmen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010358:Patient Participation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012495:San Francisco; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires