title: WNT5A expression increases during melanoma progression and correlates with outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wnt ligands play a major role in development and are important in cancer. Expression microarray analysis correlates one member of this family, WNT5A, to a subclass of melanomas with increased motility and invasion. There are no large studies of clinical samples primarily addressing the importance of WNT5A in melanoma progression or outcome. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the protein expression of WNT5A during melanoma progression and its effect on outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of WNT5A was determined in a series of 59 primary melanomas with matched metastases. To provide a benchmark of progression against which to assess WNT5A, expression of p16(ink4a) was analyzed, as this has been previously well documented in melanoma. The effect of WNT5A protein expression on outcome was assessed in 102 melanomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic WNT5A showed a trend of increasing expression with melanoma progression (P = 0.013), whereas there was diminishing p16(ink4a) expression (P = 0.006). Nevi showed relatively strong WNT5A expression. Strong cytoplasmic WNT5A was an independent risk factor for reduced metastasis-free and overall survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytoplasmic WNT5A increases with melanoma progression and strong expression is associated with poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Da Forno
authors.forename: J Howard
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hancox
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Saldanha
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C085389:WNT5A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein