title: Clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric analyses of regenerated bone in maxillary sinus augmentation using fresh frozen human bone allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was the clinical and the histologic evaluation of fresh frozen human bone (FFB) allografts used for maxillary sinus-augmentation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects were treated with maxillary sinus augmentations using FFB. Radiologic measurements were recorded on computed tomography scans preoperatively and 5 months after the sinus surgeries. At 5 months, during implant placement, 10 core biopsies were retrieved and processed for histomorphometric evaluation under light microscopy (LM). Clinical and histomorphometric measurements are presented as mean +/- SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the height of the alveolar ridge measured 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (mean); after augmentation procedures, at implant positioning, it had a mean height of 16.0 +/- 1.8 mm. All 22 dental implants were clinically healthy after 5 months. LM showed that most of the specimens presented newly formed bone that was completely integrated with preexisting bone. The interface areas between new and old bone were not discernible. Woven bone was present in some areas of the biopsies; however, in the majority of the examined regions, there was mature osseous tissue presenting features of trabecular bone. There was no evidence of an acute inflammatory infiltrate. Histomorphometry revealed that the percentage of bone was 48.15% +/- 14.32%, whereas marrow spaces occupied the rest of the area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FFB is a biocompatible material that can be successfully used for maxillary sinus augmentations without interfering with normal reparative bone processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stacchi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001706:Biopsy; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology; D015925:Cryopreservation; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial