title: Comparison of combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise with aerobic exercise only for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes between a diabetes exercise training program using combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise and a program of aerobic exercise only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in a 16-week supervised exercise training program: 7 (mean age=50.7 years, SD=6.9) in a combined aerobic and eccentric resistance exercise program (AE/RE group) and 8 (mean age=58.5 years, SD=6.2) in a program of aerobic exercise only (AE group). Outcome measures included thigh lean tissue and intramuscular fat (IMF), glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), and 6-minute walk distance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups experienced decreases in mean glycosylated hemoglobin after training (AE/RE group: -0.59% [95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.5 to 0.28]; AE group: -0.31% [95% CI=-0.60 to -0.03]), with no significant between-group differences. There was an interaction between group and time with respect to change in thigh lean tissue cross-sectional area, with the AE/RE group gaining more lean tissue (AE/RE group: 15.1 cm(2) [95% CI=7.6 to 22.5]; AE group: -5.6 cm(2) [95% CI=-10.4 to 0.76]). Both groups experienced decreases in mean thigh IMF cross-sectional area (AE/RE group: -1.2 cm(2) [95% CI=-2.6 to 0.26]; AE group: -2.2 cm(2) [95% CI=-3.5 to -0.84]) and increases in 6-minute walk distance (AE/RE group: 45.5 m [95% CI=7.5 to 83.6]; AE group: 29.9 m [95% CI=-7.7 to 67.5]) after training, with no between-group differences. There was an interaction between group and time with respect to change in BMI, with the AE/RE group experiencing a greater decrease in BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant improvements in long-term glycemic control, thigh composition, and physical performance were demonstrated in both groups after participating in a 16-week exercise program.
  
  
  METHODS
  in the AE/RE group demonstrated additional improvements in thigh lean tissue and BMI. Improvements in thigh lean tissue may be important in this population as a means to increase resting metabolic rate, protein reserve, exercise tolerance, and functional mobility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. robin.marcus@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Robin L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Sheldon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morrell
authors.forename: Odessa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Addison
authors.forename: Leland E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Dibble
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wahoff-Stice
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lastayo
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
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