title: Neuroprotective effect of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A potential new therapeutic approach for MS is cell transplantation which may promote remyelination and suppress the inflammatory process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We transplanted human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived early multipotent neural precursors (NPs) into the brain ventricles of mice induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. We studied the effect of the transplanted NPs on the functional and pathological manifestations of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplanted hESC-derived NPs significantly reduced the clinical signs of EAE. Histological examination showed migration of the transplanted NPs to the host white matter, however, differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes and remyelination were negligible. Time course analysis of the evolution and progression of CNS inflammation and tissue injury showed an attenuation of the inflammatory process in transplanted animals, which was correlated with the reduction of both axonal damage and demyelination. Co-culture experiments showed that hESC-derived NPs inhibited the activation and proliferation of lymph node-derived T cells in response to nonspecific polyclonal stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapeutic effect of transplantation was not related to graft or host remyelination but was mediated by an immunosuppressive neuroprotective mechanism. The attenuation of EAE by hESC-derived NPs, demonstrated here, may serve as the first step towards further developments of hESC for cell therapy in MS.
authors.affiliation: The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cells Research Center, The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aharonowiz
authors.forename: Ofira
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Einstein
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fainstein
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lassmann
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reubinoff
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009420:Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
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