Immune reconstitution and implications for immunotherapy following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Recovery of a fully functional immune system is a slow and often incomplete process following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. While innate immunity reconstitutes quickly, adaptive B- and especially T-cell lymphopoeisis may be compromised for years following transplantation. In large part, these immune system deficits are due to the decrease, or even absence, of thymopoiesis following transplantation. Thereby, T-cell reconstitution initially relies upon expansion of mature donor T cells; a proliferation driven by high cytokine levels and the presence of allo-reactive antigens. This peripheral mechanism of T-cell generation may have important clinical consequences. By expanding tumouricidal T cells, it may provide a venue to enhance T-cellular immunotherapy following transplantation. Alternatively, decreased thymic function may impair long-term anti-tumour immunity and increase the likelihood of graft-versus-host disease.
Williams
Kirsten M
KM
Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, CRC-3E-3300, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Gress
Ronald E
RE
D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D007938:Leukemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
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