title: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using arterial chemoembolization with degradable starch microspheres and continuous arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with gelatin sponge particles and iodized oil often yields poor results when used to treat unresectable multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study retrospectively investigated the utility of a novel combination chemotherapy regimen for treating multifocal HCC resistant to TAE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen consecutive patients with unresectable multifocal HCC and resistance to TAE were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of arterial chemoembolization with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) (150-4500 mg on Day 1), mitomycin-C (4-8 mg on Day 1), continuous arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1250 mg/120 h), cisplatin (25-50 mg/120 h) and l-leucovorin (125 mg/120 h) for 10-19 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 84.6%, with complete response in one patient and partial response (PR) in 10 patients. In four of 10 patients with PR, the tumor was not observable, although the tumor marker did not completely decline to the normal range. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 100, 28.9 and 9.6% in all, and 100, 33.3 and 0% in six patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). The median survival was 22.1 months in all and 17.1 months in six patients with PVTT. Thrombocytopenia of Grade III or higher was observed in eight patients. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed before therapy in four patients with platelet counts of <70,000/mm(3), and during therapy in five patients with severe thrombocytopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel chemotherapy regimen achieved favorable results and may be useful in treating patients with unresectable multifocal HCC resistant to TAE.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Touon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Teru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagi
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiasa
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horiike
authors.forename: Morikazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onji
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy; D013213:Starch; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000209:etiology; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D016685:Mitomycin; D013213:Starch; D002945:Cisplatin; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil