title: Convergent evolution in the genetic basis of Müllerian mimicry in heliconius butterflies.
abstract: The neotropical butterflies Heliconius melpomene and H. erato are Müllerian mimics that display the same warningly colored wing patterns in local populations, yet pattern diversity between geographic regions. Linkage mapping has previously shown convergent red wing phenotypes in these species are controlled by loci on homologous chromosomes. Here, AFLP bulk segregant analysis using H. melpomene crosses identified genetic markers tightly linked to two red wing-patterning loci. These markers were used to screen a H. melpomene BAC library and a tile path was assembled spanning one locus completely and part of the second. Concurrently, a similar strategy was used to identify a BAC clone tightly linked to the locus controlling the mimetic red wing phenotypes in H. erato. A methionine rich storage protein (MRSP) gene was identified within this BAC clone, and comparative genetic mapping shows red wing color loci are in homologous regions of the genome of H. erato and H. melpomene. Subtle differences in these convergent phenotypes imply they evolved independently using somewhat different developmental routes, but are nonetheless regulated by the same switch locus. Genetic mapping of MRSP in a third related species, the "tiger" patterned H. numata, has no association with wing patterning and shows no evidence for genomic translocation of wing-patterning loci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. swb29@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Humphray
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joron
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: ffrench-Constant
authors.forename: W Owen
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jiggins
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000235:genetics*; D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D000818:Animals; D032701:Biomimetics; D019521:Body Patterning; D002080:Butterflies / Q000502:physiology*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017344:Genes, Insect; D040961:Genetic Drift; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010641:Phenotype; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
references.citation: J Theor Biol. 1975 Dec;55(2):305-24
references.pmid: 1207161
references.citation: Genome Res. 2000 Nov;10(11):1772-87
references.pmid: 11076862
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Apr 15;428(6984):717-23
references.pmid: 15085123
references.citation: Genetics. 2007 Sep;177(1):417-26
references.pmid: 17603110
references.citation: Plant J. 2002 Jul;31(2):211-22
references.pmid: 12121450
references.citation: Genetics. 2005 Oct;171(2):557-70
references.pmid: 15489522
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 29;100(9):5268-73
references.pmid: 12704245
references.citation: Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1928-33
references.pmid: 15790847
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 20;96(15):8373-7
references.pmid: 10411882
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2006 Oct;4(10):e303
references.pmid: 17002517
references.citation: Genetics. 2006 Sep;174(1):535-9
references.pmid: 16783007
references.citation: Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):857-60
references.pmid: 11486086
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2004 Mar;31(1):37-42
references.pmid: 15040453
references.citation: Genetics. 2006 Jun;173(2):735-57
references.pmid: 16489214
references.citation: Heredity (Edinb). 1975 Apr;34 Part 2:265-9
references.pmid: 1055712
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2004;255:143-56
references.pmid: 15020821
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Aug 22;272(1573):1633-40
references.pmid: 16087416
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2007 Sep;5(9):e219
references.pmid: 17696646
references.citation: Genetics. 1990 Apr;124(4):921-36
references.pmid: 2323556
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2006 Jan;38(1):107-11
references.pmid: 16341223
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 1;88(21):9828-32
references.pmid: 1682921
references.citation: Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):101-4
references.pmid: 16825572
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2001;175:69-108
references.pmid: 11462857
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Apr 25;103(17):6575-80
references.pmid: 16611733