title: Protection against mouse and avian influenza A strains via vaccination with a combination of conserved proteins NP, M1 and NS1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Experimental data accumulated over more than a decade indicate that cross-strain protection against influenza may be achieved by immunization with conserved influenza proteins. At the same time, the efficacy of immunization schemes designed along these lines and involving internal influenza proteins, mostly NP and M1, has not been sufficient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccination with a combination of NP, M1 and NS1 genes of influenza virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccination with NP, M1 and NS1 was tested in mice and chickens. Mice were challenged with mouse-adapted viral strains H3N2 and H5N2 and chicken challenged with avian H5N3 virus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In these settings, wild-type NS1 did not impede the cellular and humoral response to NP/M1 immunization in vivo. Moreover, addition of NS1-encoding plasmid to the NP/M1 immunization protocol resulted in a significantly increased protective efficacy in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of NS1 to an influenza immunization regimen based on conserved proteins bears promise. It is feasible that upon further genetic modification of these and additional conserved influenza proteins, providing for their higher safety, expression and immunogenicity, a recombinant vaccine based on several structural and non-structural proteins or their epitopes will offer broad anti-influenza protection in a wide range of species.
authors.affiliation: D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology RAMS, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Zhirnov
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Isaeva
authors.forename: Tatyana E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Konakova
authors.forename: Galini
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thoidis
authors.forename: Lyudmila M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Piskareva
authors.forename: Irina I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Akopova
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kartashov
authors.forename: Anatoly D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Altstein
authors.forename: Petr O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Ilyinskii
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shneider
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C085820:INS1 protein, influenza virus; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; C488936:M1 protein, Influenza A virus; C048842:NP protein, Influenza A virus; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
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