title: Development of clinical dosage forms for a poorly water-soluble drug II: formulation and characterization of a novel solid microemulsion preconcentrate system for oral delivery of a poorly water-soluble drug.
abstract: The solution of a poorly water-soluble drug in a liquid lipid-surfactant mixture, which served as a microemulsion preconcentrate, was converted into a solid form by incorporating it in a solid polyethylene glycol (PEG) matrix. The solid microemulsion preconcentrates thus formed consisted of Capmul PG8 (propylene glycol monocaprylate) as oil, Cremophor EL (polyoxyl 35 castor oil) as surfactant, and hydrophilic polymer PEG 3350 as solid matrix. The drug (aqueous solubility: 0.17 microg/mL at pH 1-8 and 25 degrees C) was dissolved in a melt of the mixture at 65-70 degrees C and then the hot solution was filled into hard gelatin capsules; the liquid gradually solidified upon cooling below 55 degrees C. The solid system was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), and the dispersion testing in water. It was confirmed that a solid microemulsion preconcentrate is a two-phase system, where clusters of crystalline PEG 3350 formed the solid structure (m.p. 55-60 degrees C) and the liquid microemulsion preconcentrate dispersed in between PEG 3350 crystals as a separate phase. The drug remained dissolved in the liquid phase. In vitro release testing showed that the preconcentrate dispersed readily in water forming a microemulsion with the drug dissolved in the oil particles (<150 nm) and the presence of PEG 3350 did not interfere with the process of self-microemulsification.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, USA.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sara R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hynes
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Haefele
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pudipeddi
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Royce
authors.forename: Abu T M
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Serajuddin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D008055:Lipids; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols