title: [Urinalysis in chronic kidney disease].
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or renal abnormalities including proteinuria and/or hematuria beyond 3 months. Urinalysis is an important screening test to find out CKD subjects earlier. In health check examination, proteinuria was detected in 2.3% of male population over 18 years old. The prevalence of lower estimated GFR below 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 increased to 8.9% of subjects with 1+ proteinuria and 31.8% of subjects with 2+ or more proteinuria as compared with 2.0% of subjects with negative proteinuria (p < 0.0001). To detect CKD stage IV or V, the sensitivity and the specificity of proteinuria were 0.68 and 0.978, respectively, and the positive likelihood was 30.9 (95% CI, 8.3-114.9, p < 0.0001).
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaya
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002908:Chronic Disease; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers