title: Comparison of recall and daily self-report of fecal incontinence severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fecal incontinence (FI) severity is determined by self-report, and most tools rely on recall of symptoms. This study examined whether recall of FI severity differed from daily reports on a diary and the factors influencing any difference. INSTRUMENTS AND DESIGN: Data of 96 participants (mean age 59 years, 78% female) reported on 3 data collection forms (a demographics form, a bowel history, and a stool diary) were analyzed. Data collected during an initial bowel history when participants reported FI severity using recall were compared to similar data participants recorded on a 14-day daily stool diary during a baseline period of a study investigating the effects of different types of dietary fiber on FI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total FI severity score from the daily stool diary (median 5.0, range 1.2-15.5; P = .04) was significantly higher (worse FI) than the recalled bowel history (median 3.0, range 0.36-27.5). A higher, more positive difference in scores between recall and daily diary reporting indicated greater underreporting on recall. Caregivers underreported FI severity on recall compared to noncaregivers (P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reasons for underreporting FI are probably multifactorial; findings suggest that being a caregiver and having double incontinence are contributing factors. Clinicians should inquire about FI with a discerning yet sensitive approach. Use of a daily stool diary is recommended in research and may be useful in practice.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Donna Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Savik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015982:Bias; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000592:standards*; D008499:Medical Records / Q000592:standards*; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
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