[Chronic kidney disease (CKD) as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)].
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a number of recent epidemiological studies. There are possible explanations for the independent association of CKD with CVD. Reduced renal function is associated with a high prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. In addition, reduced renal function may be associated with increased levels of nontraditional risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. Subjects with CKD should be considered a high-risk population for CVD and be recommended for more intensive preventive management of CVD, including active detection and strict treatment of CVD risk factors.
Minami
Junichi
J
Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University.
Ishimitsu
Toshihiko
T
Sudo
Yasuyo
Y
Matsuoka
Hiroaki
H
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D050171:Dyslipidemias; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; D007249:Inflammation; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors