title: Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) growing in Turkey.
abstract: Oil content in sweet and bitter fennels was obtained 12.22% and 14.41%, respectively. The C(18:1 c6), C(18:2), C(18:1 c9) and C(16:0) acids corresponding to approximately 97% of total oil was recorded as principal fatty acids. The ratios of essential oil from sweet and bitter fennels were found similar (average 3.00%). trans-Anethole, estragole and fenchone were found to be the main constituents in both fennels. The compound with the highest value in the two oil samples was trans-anethole as 95.25% (sweet) and 75.13% (bitter). While estragole was found in bitter fennel oil in a remarkable amount (15.51%), sweet fennel oil contained small amounts of estragole (2.87%). Fenchone was found <1% in sweet and approximately 5% in bitter fennel. p-Anisaldehyde in bitter fennel essential oil, and alpha-pinene and gamma-terpinene in sweet fennel essential oil were not recorded, and these compounds were found very low or <1%.
authors.affiliation: Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Belgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coşge
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiralan
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gürbüz
mesh_terms: D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D030001:Foeniculum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D009822:Oils, Volatile