Targeting V600EB-Raf and Akt3 using nanoliposomal-small interfering RNA inhibits cutaneous melanocytic lesion development.
Most events promoting early melanoma development are yet to be identified, but deregulation of the B-Raf and Akt3 signaling cascades is an important regulator of this process. Approximately 90% of normal moles and approximately 60% of early invasive cutaneous melanomas contain a T1799A B-Raf mutation ((V600E)B-Raf), leading to 10 times higher enzyme activity and constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Furthermore, approximately 70% of melanomas have elevated Akt3 signaling due to increased gene copy number and PTEN loss. Therefore, targeting (V600E)B-Raf and Akt3 signaling is necessary to prevent or treat cutaneous melanocytic lesions. Agents specifically targeting these proteins are needed, having fewer side effects than those inhibiting both normal and mutant B-Raf protein or targeting all three Akt isoforms. In this study, a unique nanoliposomal-ultrasound-mediated approach has been developed for delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically targeting (V600E)B-Raf and Akt3 into melanocytic tumors present in skin to retard melanoma development. Novel cationic nanoliposomes stably encapsulate siRNA targeting (V600E)B-Raf or Akt3, providing protection from degradation and facilitating entry into melanoma cells to decrease expression of these proteins. Low-frequency ultrasound using a lightweight four-cymbal transducer array enables penetration of nanoliposomal-siRNA complex throughout the epidermal and dermal layers of laboratory-generated or animal skin. Nanoliposomal-mediated siRNA targeting of (V600E)B-Raf and Akt3 led to a cooperatively acting approximately 65% decrease in early or invasive cutaneous melanoma compared with inhibition of each singly with negligible associated systemic toxicity. Thus, cationic nanoliposomes loaded with siRNA targeting (V600E)B-Raf and Akt3 provide an effective approach for targeted inhibition of early or invasive cutaneous melanomas.
Tran
Melissa A
MA
Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
Gowda
Raghavendra
R
Sharma
Arati
A
Park
Eun-Joo
EJ
Adair
James
J
Kester
Mark
M
Smith
Nadine Barrie
NB
Robertson
Gavin P
GP
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000235:genetics; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009154:Mutation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D008081:Liposomes; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C491754:AKT3 protein, human; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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