title: Ultrasound evaluation of techniques for internal jugular vein puncture in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine by ultrasound which access and position the child must stay to obtain the best transversal section of the right Internal Jugular Vein (RIJV) allowing a safer puncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three possible accesses to the RIJV, anterior, lateral and posterior, from 57 healthy children, were analyzed through ultrasound images in a sequence of positions of the head, in supine position, with or without a roll under the scapula: head centered in neutral position with and without a roll (NPP and NP); contra lateral rotation with and without a roll (CLRP and CLR), neutral position and the patient raised in 30 degrees in Trendelenburg position (TDG). To analyze the results it was applied one statistic method, with variation analysis to the same individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ultrasound evaluation in each one of the proposed positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical analysis of the results observed that the lateral puncture with the patient in the neutral position, in Trendelemburg without a roll, offers a bigger area in comparison to all the other options of puncture and positioning of the patient (p<0, 0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safer way for the puncture of RIJV in children is obtained in neutral position in Trendelemburg by lateral puncture, without a shoulder roll.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Brazil. stschettini@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Sérgio Tomaz
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Schettini
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Ybarra Martins de
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Harold Ruiz
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Henao
authors.forename: Henrique Manoel
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods*; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional