title: Tumor growth decreases NK and B cells as well as common lymphoid progenitor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well established that chronic tumor growth results in functional inactivation of T cells and NK cells. It is less clear, however, whether lymphopoeisis is affected by tumor growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our efforts of analyzing the impact of tumor growth on NK cell development, we observed a major reduction of NK cell numbers in mice bearing multiple lineages of tumor cells. The decrease in NK cell numbers was not due to increased apoptosis or decreased proliferation in the NK compartment. In addition, transgenic expression of IL-15 also failed to rescue the defective production of NK cells. Our systematic characterization of lymphopoeisis in tumor-bearing mice indicated that the number of the common lymphoid progenitor was significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice. The number of B cells also decreased substantially in tumor bearing mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal a novel mechanism for tumor evasion of host immunity and suggest a new interpretation for the altered myeloid and lymphoid ratio in tumor bearing hosts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Immunology, The Ohio State University Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D054503:Lymphoid Progenitor Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D038041:Lymphopoiesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019409:Interleukin-15
references.citation: Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):58-62
references.pmid: 2898810
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2004 Feb;53(2):64-72
references.pmid: 14593498
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006 Mar;55(3):237-45
references.pmid: 16047143
references.citation: Clin Dev Immunol. 2003 Jun-Dec;10(2-4):71-81
references.pmid: 14768937
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(10):3427-31
references.pmid: 2871552
references.citation: Blood. 2000 Jun 1;95(11):3489-97
references.pmid: 10828034
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Nov 28;91(5):661-72
references.pmid: 9393859
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2001 Jun;31(6):1900-9
references.pmid: 11433387
references.citation: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2002 Aug;51(6):293-8
references.pmid: 12111117
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1997 Nov 3;186(9):1609-14
references.pmid: 9348320
references.citation: Blood. 2003 Sep 15;102(6):2138-45
references.pmid: 12750171
references.citation: Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3633-8
references.pmid: 12393617
references.citation: Immunity. 2002 Oct;17(4):463-72
references.pmid: 12387740
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Mar 9;404(6774):193-7
references.pmid: 10724173
references.citation: Blood. 2000 Sep 1;96(5):1961-8
references.pmid: 10961901
references.citation: Exp Hematol. 1981 Aug;9(7):691-6
references.pmid: 7318972
references.citation: Immunity. 1998 Nov;9(5):669-76
references.pmid: 9846488
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2003 Apr 21;197(8):967-76
references.pmid: 12695488
references.citation: Blood. 1996 Sep 15;88(6):2279-87
references.pmid: 8822949
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2003 Jan;33(1):119-24
references.pmid: 12594840
references.citation: Blood. 2006 Jul 1;108(1):246-52
references.pmid: 16556890
references.citation: J Immunother. 2001 Nov-Dec;24(6):431-46
references.pmid: 11759067
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2001 Jan 15;193(2):219-31
references.pmid: 11208862
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 6;191(5):771-80
references.pmid: 10704459
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2005 Oct-Dec;9(4):777-94
references.pmid: 16364190
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Oct 15;169(8):4153-60
references.pmid: 12370344
references.citation: Oncogene. 2002 May 13;21(21):3295-313
references.pmid: 12032771
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 Sep 20;23(43):7188-98
references.pmid: 15378079
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1977 May 1;145(5):1411-6
references.pmid: 859002
references.citation: Blood. 1998 Nov 15;92(10):3647-57
references.pmid: 9808558
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2002 Nov;110(10):1539-48
references.pmid: 12438451
references.citation: J Immunol. 1999 Sep 1;163(5):2648-56
references.pmid: 10453005
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1997 Feb 3;185(3):499-505
references.pmid: 9053450