title: Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice.
abstract: Bisphosphonates are primary agents in the current pharmacological arsenal against osteoclast-mediated bone loss due to osteoporosis, Paget disease of bone, malignancies metastatic to bone, multiple myeloma, and hypercalcemia of malignancy. In addition to currently approved uses, bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for prevention and treatment of a variety of other skeletal conditions, such as low bone density and osteogenesis imperfecta. However, the recent recognition that bisphosphonate use is associated with pathologic conditions including osteonecrosis of the jaw has sharpened the level of scrutiny of the current widespread use of bisphosphonate therapy. Using the key words bisphosphonate and clinical practice in a PubMed literature search from January 1, 1998, to May 1, 2008, we review current understanding of the mechanisms by which bisphosphonates exert their effects on osteoclasts, discuss the role of bisphosphonates in clinical practice, and highlight some areas of concern associated with bisphosphonate use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. drake.matthew@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Bart L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Suneep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khosla
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D010001:Osteitis Deformans / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates
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