title: Multiple lipid compartments slow vesicle contents release in lipases and serum.
abstract: Unilamellar vesicles or "liposomes" are commonly used as simple cell models and as drug delivery vehicles. A major limitation of unilamellar liposomes in these applications has been premature contents release in physiological environments. This premature release is likely due to enzyme degradation or protein insertion into the liposome membrane, which significantly increases the bilayer permeability. Encapsulating unilamellar liposomes within a second bilayer to form multicompartment "vesosomes" extends contents retention by 2 orders of magnitude by preventing enzymes and/or proteins from reaching the interior bilayers. The multicompartment structure of the vesosome can also allow for independent optimization of the interior compartments and exterior bilayer; however, just the bilayer-within-a-bilayer structure of the vesosome is sufficient to increase drug retention from minutes to hours. The vesosome is a better mimic of eukaryotic cell structure and demonstrates the benefits of multiple internal bilayer-enclosed compartments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zasadzinski
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019921:Biotinylation; D002417:Cattle; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; D008049:Lipase; D010741:Phospholipases A
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2006 Apr;6(4):694-8
references.pmid: 16608266
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2002 Oct 30;531(1):23-7
references.pmid: 12401197
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2007 Aug;1(1):63-9
references.pmid: 19203131
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jul 17;1372(2):272-82
references.pmid: 9675310
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2003;367:80-98
references.pmid: 14611060
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2005 Aug;5(8):1615-9
references.pmid: 16089498
references.citation: Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1818-22
references.pmid: 15031496
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Dec 31;53(3):285-305
references.pmid: 11744173
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Jan 12;1416(1-2):1-10
references.pmid: 9889298
references.citation: Biophys J. 2003 Dec;85(6):3839-47
references.pmid: 14645073
references.citation: Nature. 1997 May 1;387(6628):61-4
references.pmid: 9139822
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Sep 23;1374(1-2):9-20
references.pmid: 9814848
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2005;391:228-60
references.pmid: 15721385
references.citation: Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):990-3
references.pmid: 14963324
references.citation: Biophys J. 1995 Aug;69(2):716-28
references.pmid: 8527685
references.citation: J Electron Microsc Tech. 1989 Dec;13(4):309-34
references.pmid: 2681575
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 May;45(5):1487-92
references.pmid: 11302815
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Jul 28;436(7050):568-72
references.pmid: 16049491
references.citation: Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2006;8:323-41
references.pmid: 16834559
references.citation: Phys Rev Lett. 1994 Nov 21;73(21):2867-2870
references.pmid: 10057216
references.citation: Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1143-6
references.pmid: 10325219
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Oct 13;1616(2):184-95
references.pmid: 14561476
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Nov 2;1195(2):237-44
references.pmid: 7947916
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan;42(1):45-52
references.pmid: 9449259
references.citation: J Control Release. 2005 May 5;104(1):103-11
references.pmid: 15866338
references.citation: Curr Med Chem. 2004 Jan;11(2):199-219
references.pmid: 14754417
references.citation: J Control Release. 2006 Jan 10;110(2):378-386
references.pmid: 16318894
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2005;391:71-97
references.pmid: 15721375