title: [Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep disturbances. Results of an epidemiological study in schoolchildren in Gandia, Spain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evaluation of comorbidity is an important factor in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep disturbances are one of the most common features of this disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find out the frequency of sleep disturbances among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Spanish version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire, which was given out to a representative sample in Gandia (Spain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was answered by 887 (68 % of the sample). The sleep disturbances that showed a clear relationship with the three ADHD variables studied are: snoring, enuresis, rhythmic movement disturbances, night awakenings, and bedtime resistance. Sleep-disorder breathing, bruxism, somniloquy, day sleepiness, early awakenings and difficulty falling sleep are associated with only one of the three variables studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates that the population with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has more sleep disturbances. The association with the enuresis is of particular interest due to the possible clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandía. Valencia, España. tomas_mig@gva.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomás Vila
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miralles Torres
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beseler Soto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revert Gomar
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sala Langa
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Uribelarrea Sierra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology