title: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein K interacts with the enterovirus 71 5' untranslated region and participates in virus replication.
abstract: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a picornavirus that can cause severe neurological complications in children. Like other picornaviruses, the genomic RNA of EV71 contains a long 5' untranslated region (UTR). Cellular proteins interact with the EV71 5' UTR, and these interactions are important for virus replication. Using an RNA pull-down assay and proteomics approaches, this study identified the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) as one of the EV71 5' UTR-associated proteins. The interaction between hnRNP K and the 5' UTR was further confirmed by mapping the interaction regions to stem-loops I-II and IV in the 5' UTR. During EV71 infection, hnRNP K was enriched in the cytoplasm where virus replication occurs, whereas hnRNP K was localized in the nucleus in mock-infected cells. Viral yields were found to be significantly lower in hnRNP K knockdown cells and viral RNA synthesis was delayed in hnRNP K knockdown cells in comparison with negative-control cells treated with small interfering RNA. These results suggest that hnRNP K interacts with the EV71 5' UTR and participates in virus replication.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jing-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Immunology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Peng-Nien
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Kun-Yi
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jim-Tong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Horng
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shin-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D034641:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D034641:Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K; D012367:RNA, Viral