title: Short-term intraocular pressure changes immediately after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess short-term trends and the need to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP) changes immediately after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, pegaptanib, and triamcinolone acetonide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Charts of 213 consecutive injections to 120 eyes of 112 patients were reviewed. Pressures were measured before injection, immediately after injection (T0), and at five-minute intervals until IOP was less than 30 mm Hg. Optic nerve perfusion was assessed by testing for hand movement vision and by indirect ophthalmoscopic examination. Kaplan-Meier and Chi-square analyses of IOP after injections and correlation of IOP spikes to drug, needle bore size, injection volume, and history of glaucoma were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean preinjection IOP was 14 mm Hg (range, 7 to 22 mm Hg). Mean IOP at T0 was 44 mm Hg (range, 4 to 87 mm Hg). All but one eye had at least hand movement vision and a perfused optic nerve at T0. IOP was reduced to less than 30 mm Hg in 96% of injections by 15 minutes and in 100% by 30 minutes. Eyes with a history of glaucoma took longer to normalize the IOP (P = .002). Statistically significant IOP spikes were observed with a smaller needle bore size (P < .0001) and in eyes with a history of glaucoma (P = .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevations in IOP immediately after intravitreal injections are common, but are transient. Prolonged monitoring of IOP may not be necessary on the day of injection in most cases if hand movement vision, optic nerve perfusion, and lack of intraocular complications have been verified. However, cautious monitoring should be considered in select cases.
authors.affiliation: Eye Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. judykim@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Judy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Anand V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mantravadi
authors.forename: Elizabeth Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Covert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C495058:pegaptanib; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D000069579:Ranibizumab