title: The Hearing-Dependent Daily Activities Scale to evaluate impact of hearing loss in older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to design and validate the Hearing-Dependent Daily Activities (HDDA) Scale as a means of identifying the impact of hearing loss in older persons by measuring capacity to carry out hearing-dependent activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a cross-sectional, observational study to validate a scale administered during a personal interview with 1,160 participants aged 65 years and older. When using the instrument to identify patients with hearing impairment, sensitivity and specificity were determined using an audiogram with Ventry and Weinstein criteria as the criterion standard. Standardized audiometries were performed blindly, without knowledge of results of the HDDA Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the criterion standard, 506 participants had hearing impairment (43.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.8%-46.5%). The HDDA scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha =0.91). Regarding hearing impairment criteria, the HDDA scale obtained a sensitivity of 80.0% (95% CI, 76.3%-83.3%) and a specificity of 70.2% (95% CI, 66.5%-73.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HDDA scale constitutes a clinically useful instrument for identifying the impact of hearing loss on daily life in the elderly, a condition frequently overlooked during routine medical check-ups. This tool has acceptable psychometric properties and high internal consistency.
authors.affiliation: Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain. jlopeztorresh@medynet.com
authors.forename: Jesús López-Torres
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Clotilde Boix
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.forename: Juan Manuel Téllez
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lapeira
authors.forename: Ignacio Párraga
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Maria Angeles López
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Verdejo
authors.forename: Francisco Escobar
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Rabadán
authors.forename: Angel Otero
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Puime
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001299:Audiometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile
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