title: Effects of gestational iron deficiency on fear conditioning in juvenile and adult rats.
abstract: The hippocampus is especially sensitive to the effects of gestational and neonatal iron deficiency, even after iron repletion. This study compared the effects of iron deficiency, maintained from gestational day 2 to postnatal day (P)7, on "delay" and "trace" fear conditioning. Only the latter paradigm is critically dependent on the dorsal hippocampus. In different groups of rats, fear conditioning commenced either prior to puberty (P28 or P35) or after puberty (P56). Fear conditioning was measured using fear-potentiated startle. Both delay and trace fear conditioning were diminished by iron deficiency at P28 and P35. Hippocampal expression of the plasticity-related protein PKC-gamma was increased through trace fear conditioning, but reduced at P35 in the iron-deficient group. Trace fear conditioning was enhanced by prior iron deficiency in the P56 group. This unanticipated finding in iron-repleted adults is consistent with the effects of developmental iron deficiency on inhibitory avoidance learning, but contrasts with the persistent deleterious long-term effects of a more severe iron-deficiency protocol, suggesting that degree and duration of iron deficiency affects the possibility of recovery from its deleterious effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. jgewirtz@umn.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gewirtz
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Maya A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: Jane D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wobken
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Georgieff
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019266:Iron, Dietary; C087857:protein kinase C gamma; D011493:Protein Kinase C
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