title: Activated caspases in thawed epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of activated caspases and membrane permeability in thawed epididymal and testicular spermatozoa of patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biology and medicine of reproduction in University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight CBAVD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staining of activated caspases and viability (propidium iodide, PI); intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of viable (Casp-/PI-) or dead (Casp-/PI+) spermatozoa without activated caspases, viable (Casp+/PI-) or dead (Casp+/PI+) spermatozoa with activated caspases. ICSI results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher percentage of dead (Casp+/PI+; 84.0% vs. 57.5%) and viable (Casp+/PI-; 12.0% vs. 0) spermatozoa with activated caspases were observed in testicular than in epididymal samples. No significant difference was observed between the percentage of total testicular and epididymal spermatozoa permeant for PI. The outcome of ICSI fertilization (67.5% vs. 57.4%), good morphology embryo at day 2 (75.9% vs. 61.3%), clinical pregnancy (26.7% vs. 15.4%), and implantation (15.6% vs 9.5%) rates were better when ICSI were performed with epididymal sperm samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis of an abortive apoptotic process and demonstrate that combined staining of the activated caspases and membrane permeability provide complementary measurements for the evaluation of viable and functional spermatozoa to better understand ICSI outcomes with epididymal and testicular spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Université Clermont 1, EA975, UFR Médecine, F-63001 Clermont Ferrand Cedex 1, France. fbrugnon@chu-clermontferrand.fr
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brugnon
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janny
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Artonne
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sion
authors.forename: Jean Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pouly
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grizard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000151:congenital / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000002:abnormalities*
chemical_list: D020169:Caspases