title: The effect of intra-arterial papaverine on ECoG activity in the ketamine anesthetized rat.
abstract: The opium alkaloid papaverine (PPV) causes vasodilatation of the cerebral arteries through direct action on smooth muscle that reduces the constriction of smooth muscle. Intra-arterial papaverine (IAP) has been used widely to increase the regional cerebral blood flow in order to reverse the cerebral vasospasm that occurs during endovascular procedures. IAP-induced seizures have been reported, although PPV has anticonvulsive effects. This study determined the effects of IAP on electrocorticography (ECoG) in the ketamine anesthetized rats. We used 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200-250 g. The animals were divided randomly into four groups: three treatment groups (groups 1-3) and a control (group 4). Groups 1, 2, and 3 were given 1, 7, and 14 mg/kg IAP, respectively. The ECoG was compared across groups. Our results indicated that IAP did not cause seizures and that it decreased the frequency of ketamine-induced epileptiform activity in the 14 mg/kg group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Duzce University, School of Medicine, Konuralp 81620, Duzce, Turkey. aysekaratas@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karatas
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gokce
authors.forename: Serif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Seyit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ankarali
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial / Q000379:methods; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D007649:Ketamine; D010208:Papaverine