title: Can inhibition of IKur promote atrial fibrillation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Block of ultrarapid delayed rectified potassium current (I(Kur)), present in atria but not in ventricles, is thought to be a promising approach for atrial-specific therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it has been shown that I(Kur) block may abbreviate atrial repolarization and that loss-of-function mutations in KCNA5, which encodes K(v) 1.5 channels responsible for I(Kur), is associated with familial AF.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective in this study was to use low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 10 to 50 microM), known to selectively block I(Kur), to assess the proarrhythmic and antiarrhythmic effects of I(Kur) block in healthy and remodeled atria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated canine coronary-perfused right atrial preparations were used. Acetylcholine or ischemia/reperfusion was used to acutely remodel the atria. Transmembrane action potentials and a pseudo-electrocardiogram were simultaneously recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal (healthy) atria typically displayed action potentials (AP) with a prominent plateau, whereas remodeled atria displayed triangular-shaped APs (remodeled). In healthy atria, in which AF could not be induced with programmed stimulation, 4-AP abbreviated action potential measured at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) and effective refractory period (ERP), permitting the induction of AF in 4 of 12 preparations (33%). In remodeled atria, 4-AP produced little (50 microM) to no (10 to 25 microM) prolongation of APD(90) or ERP and was either ineffective or poorly effective in terminating AF or preventing its induction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that block of I(Kur) can provide the substrate for development of AF in healthy canine atria, presumably via abbreviation of APD and ERP.
authors.affiliation: Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York 13501, USA. sasha@mmrl.edu
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burashnikov
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antzelevitch
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D015761:4-Aminopyridine
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