title: [Impact on morbidity and costs of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia in intensive care patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nosocomial infections in the intensive care units (ICU) has been recommended for several years. However, the workload and the costs of these programs are to be weighed against the benefit obtained in terms of reduction of morbidity and costs induced by the infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost and the current morbidity of the infection with MRSA in the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective case-control study carried out in 2004, all patients of the 6 intensive care units of a teaching hospital having developed a MRSA nosocomial infection were included. They were paired with controls on the following criteria: department, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII), age (+/- 5 years), type of surgery (for the surgical intensive care units). The duration of hospitalization of the paired control had to be at least equal to the time from admission to infection of the infected patient. The costs were evaluated using the following parameters: scores omega 1, 2 and 3, duration of artificial ventilation, hemodialysis, length of ICU stay, radiological procedures, surgical procedures, total antibiotic cost and other expensive drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one patients with MRSA infection were included. All had nosocomial pneumonia. The 21 paired patients were similar with regard to both initial criteria and sex. Hospital mortality was not different between the 2 groups (cases=8; controls=6; p=0.41), as well as median duration of hospital stay (cases=41 days; controls=43 days; p=0.9). The duration of mechanical ventilation, number of hemodialysis or hemofiltration sessions, number of radiological procedures were similar in both groups. The total omega score was not significantly different between cases (median 435; IQR: 218-579) and controls (median 281, IQR: 231-419; p=0.55). The median duration of isolation was 12 days for cases and 0 day for controls (p=0.0007). The pharmaceutical expenditure was significantly higher in cases (median: 1414euro; IQR: 795-4349), by comparison with the controls (median: 877euro, IQR: 687-2496) (p=0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the ICU having set up a policy intended to reduce the risk of MRSA nosocomial infections, MRSA pneumonia does not seem to involve major additional morbidity, as compared to a control population matched for similar severity of illness. It increases modestly the use of the medical resources.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, Centre hospitalier Jean Monnet, F-88000 Epinal, France.
authors.forename: Alexandrine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larue
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loos-Ayav
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Commun
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rabaud
authors.forename: Pierre-Edouard
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bollaert
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003422:Critical Care / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; D008875:Middle Aged; D011023:Pneumonia, Staphylococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000191:economics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents