title: Intramuscular adrenaline does not reduce the incidence of respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia in neonates delivered by elective caesarean section at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether intramuscular injection of 30 microg adrenaline decreased the incidence of respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section before active labour.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was randomised and double-blinded. A total of 270 neonates were assigned to intramuscular treatment with saline (0.30 ml) or 30 microg adrenaline (0.30 ml) immediately after birth. The primary endpoint was referral to the neonatal ward because of respiratory distress or a blood glucose level <1.8 mmol/l measured 2 h after birth. The first 50 infants were monitored with pulse oximetry to disclose potential side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulse-oximetry recordings revealed a modest systemic effect by intramuscular adrenaline as the heart rate and the haemoglobin oxygen saturation were significantly higher in infants who received adrenaline. In contrast, the incidence of respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia was 14% among infants treated with adrenaline compared with 7% in those who received saline injection (p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramuscular injection of 30 microg adrenaline does not reduce the incidence of respiratory distress or hypoglycaemia after elective caesarean section.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. pernillep@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Avlund
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pryds
mesh_terms: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011292:Premedication; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004837:Epinephrine