title: Conjugated equine estrogen, raloxifene and arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women.
abstract: METHODS
  We analyzed the influence of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and raloxifene on arterial stiffness. Sixty-seven healthy, normotensive women 1-10 years into menopause were assigned to receive oral placebo, conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg, or raloxifene 60 mg. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by measuring the carotid-femoral and femoral-dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (CF PWV, FP PWV). Systolic pressure augmentation index (AI) at the carotid artery was obtained with applanation tonometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial stiffness was not affected by any treatment regimen: placebo (CF PWV before vs. after: 644 vs. 626 cm/s, p = 0.09; FP PWV before vs. after: 1006 vs. 1012 cm/s,p = 0.77; AI before vs. after = 30 vs. 29%, p = 0.55), CEE (CF PWV before vs. after: 642 vs. 600 cm/s, p = 0.11; FP PWV before vs. after: 952 vs. 971 cm/s, p = 0.66; AI before vs. after: 25 vs. 32%, p = 0.82), and raloxifene (CF PWV before vs. after: 636 vs. 601 cm/s, p = 0.12; FP PWV before vs. after: 964 vs. 941 cm/s, p = 0.62; AI before vs. after: 25 vs. 25%, p = 0.65). A correlation occurred between basal stiffness and the degree of reduction in indexes measured, indicating that the higher the basal stiffness, the greater the degree of reduction, particularly in the CEE group: CF PWV (r = - 0.602, p = 0.001); FP PWV (r = - 0.455, p = 0.022); AI (r = - 0.410, p = 0.042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conjugated equine estrogen and raloxifene do not seem to affect arterial stiffness of healthy normotensive women less than 10 years since menopause. Reduction in arterial stiffness seems related to its basal level.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of São Paulo.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Eluf Gebara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nussbacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wajngarten
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Petti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride