title: Therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was conducted in male Sprague-Dawley rats and 20mg/kg tetramethylpyrazine was injected intraperitoneally at different time points. Neurological deficit scores and brain infarction volumes were measured 72 h after reperfusion started. The expression of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase were examined at 6h and at 24h after reperfusion. Our results included the findings of a significant reduction in neurological deficit scores and infarction volume in the treatment group as compared to the control group. Ischemia/reperfusion injury resulted in a decrease in the expression of thioredoxin, while tetramethylpyrazine administration greatly elevated the expression of thioredoxin-1/thioredoxin-2 mRNA and thioredoxin reductase-1/thioredoxin reductase-2 mRNA. These findings suggest that administration of tetramethylpyrazine, within a 4h time period post-transient focal stroke, may reduce cerebral ischemic reperfusion damage. Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine may be mediated, in part, by an increase in genetic transcription of thioredoxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li-Ze
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhen-Guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Zheng-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Shao-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011719:Pyrazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D013879:Thioredoxins; C017953:tetramethylpyrazine