title: Association between non-subcutaneous adiposity and calcified coronary plaque: a substudy of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excessive non-subcutaneous fat deposition may impair the functions of surrounding tissues and organs through the release of inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the cross-sectional association between non-subcutaneous adiposity and calcified coronary plaque, a noninvasive measure of coronary artery disease burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis underwent computed tomography (CT) assessment of calcified coronary plaque. We measured multiple fat depots in 398 white and black participants (47% men, 43% black), aged 47-86 y, from Forsyth County, NC, during 2002-2005, with the use of cardiac and abdominal CT scans. In addition to examining each depot separately, we also created a non-subcutaneous fat index with the standard scores of non-subcutaneous fat depots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 participants (55%) were found to have calcified coronary plaque. After adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, and height, calcified coronary plaque was associated with a 1 SD increment in the non-subcutaneous fat index [odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.84], pericardial fat (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.84), abdominal visceral fat (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.76) but not with fat content in the liver, intermuscular fat, or abdominal subcutaneous fat. The relation between non-subcutaneous fat index and calcified coronary plaque remained after further adjustment for abdominal subcutaneous fat (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.94). The relation did not differ by sex and ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall burden of non-subcutaneous fat deposition, but not abdominal subcutaneous fat, may be a correlate of coronary atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. jding@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Jingzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.forename: Fang-Chi
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Tamara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Detrano
authors.forename: Moyses
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szklo
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Criqui
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: J Jeffrey
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin; D044465:White People
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